(US4725422-A)      Electrode material consists of a carbonaceous material obtd. by pyrolysing an organic cpd. to form a pseudo-graphite structure having spacings of (002) planes, d002, 3.41-3.70 Angstroms, crystallite size in c axis direction, LC, at least 7.0-70 Angstroms, as determined by X-ray wide angle diffractometry and line width delta Hpp between peaks in the first differential of the e.s.r. absorption spectrum at least 10 gauss. Further, distance ao, which is twice the spacing of the 110 planes, d 110, is at least 2.37-2.47 Angstroms and crystallite size in a axis direction, La, is 10-80 Angstroms.    The organic cpd. may be a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon cpd. or polycyclic heterocyclic cpd. or e.g., poly(alpha-haloacrylonitrile), poly(cyanoacetylene), poly(halodicyanoacetylene), etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The electrode material is stable, generates high e.m.f., has high max. power and electric density. It can be easily shaped into a variety of electrode forms. (14pp)    (JP93050818-B)      Electrode material is a carbonaceous material (I) obtd. by pyrolysing an organic cpd. (I) capable of forming the graphite structure. (I) has a pseudo-graphite structure so the spacing of (002) planes, d002, is at least 3.37 angstroms and the crystallite size in the direction of the c axis, Lc, is not more than 220 angstroms (X-ray wide-angle diffractionmetry), and the line width delta Hpp between peaks in the 1st. differential of the absorption spectrum of the ESR is at least 10 gauss.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The electrode material is capable of providing a stable sec. battery that produces high emf and which has high energy density. The materials is thus useful in lightweight, and non-polluting electrochemical cells. (J60264052-A    (JP93080110-B)      The sec.-cell comprises rechargeable anode, rechargeable cathode, separator between both electrodes, and electrolyte held with the separator. The electrode consists of formed mixt. of binder and carbonaceous material obtd. by carbonising organic cpd., having plane distance (d002) of at least 3.40 Angstroms obtd. by X ray wide angle diffraction, and pseudo-graphite structure of up to 220 Angstroms in crystallite size in the direction of C axis, and electron structure of at least 7 Guass in line width (DeltaHpp) between peaks of the prim. differential absorption spectrum of electron spin resonance. The electrolyte comprises at least one of alkaline metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, or tetra-alkyl ammonium.    ADVANTAGE -   Stability, electromotive force, max. power density, and energy density of the cell are improved. (J03114149-A)    (JP93080111-B)      Sec. batteries consists of a rechargeable positive electrode, rechargeable negative electrode, separator placed between the 2 electrodes and electrolyte supported on the separator. The positive or negative electrode consists of electrode (a) specified below and that the electrolyte consists of electrolyte (b) specified below (a) is an electrode consisting of a carbonaceous material supported on a substrate. The carbonaceous material is obtd. by carbonising an organic cpd. and has a pseudo-graphite structure whose (002) spacing (d002) measured by the X-ray diffraction is at least 3.40 Angstrom and whose crystallite size in the direction of c-axis (Lc) is up to 220 Angstrom and an electronic structure whose line width between linear differential absorption spectrum peaks on electron spin resonance (DeltaHpp) is at least 7 gausses. (b) is an electrolyte contg. at least one of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and tetraalkylammonium salts.    ADVANTAGE -   The sec. batteries obtd. are provided with electrodes which are stable, have high electromotive forces, large maximum outputs and large energy densities and can be used repeatedly. (J03115110-A)