(US4664988-A)      A fuel cell electrode substrate comprises two carbonaceous layers each with a number of elongate holes through which the reactant gases are delivered. The separator is a gas permeable layer integrated as a whole body by calcination to give a bulk density of at least 1.2 g/cub cm a gas permeability of 1 x 10 power minus 4 sq.cm/hr/mm Aq, and a specific resistance of up to 10 x 10 power minus 3 ohms/cm. The porous layer has a density of 0.4 - 0.8, a porosity of 50-80%, a gas permeability of above 20ml/cm/hr/mmAq and a thermal conductility of at least 0.7 kcal/m/hr/degree C. About 60% of the pores have a diam. of 100 microns or less.    ADVANTAGE -   Large thin electrodes can be prepared opt. with coolant channels. (16pp)U    (DE3512865-C)      Electrode material for fuel cells comprises two porous C layers each having canals for feeding gaseous reactants to the electrode interface, sepd by and in contact with a non-porous electrically conducting C electrode, such that the mean bulk density of the porous layers is 0.4-0.8 g/cm3, the canal length is 0.5-3 mm, the porosity of the layers is 50-80%, the gas permeability coefft is at least 2.0 cm2/h Pa, at least 60% of the pores have a mean dia up to 100 micro-m, and the thermal conductivity of the layers is at least 0.8 W/m K; and the C electrode between these layers has a mean bulk density at least 1.2 g/cm3 and resistivity up to 0.01 ohm cm.    Further, the C separator has a number of canals through which a coolant can be pumped, but the gas permeability of the bulk electrode material is less than 10 power(-5) cm2/h Pa and its thermal conductivity is at least 1.2 W/m K. The two porous layers are integrated with the bulk electrode by calcining.    USE -   The prods are electrodes for fuel cells, giving improved efficiency and performance. (21pp)a    (US4956131-A)      Improvements are claimed for producing an electrode substrate for fuel cells comprising (i) 2 porous carbonaceous layers each having elongated holes for feeding reactant gases into a fuel cell, the holes being near the centre of the thickness and (ii) a gas-impermeable, carbonaceous separator interposed between the layers.    Improvements comprise (a) supplying, into the mould, the material for the separator, polymer material for forming elongated holes for flowing coolant and material for separator in this order, press moulding and opt. post-curing and calcining, and (b) supplying into the mould, the material for porous layer, the material for forming holes, the material for porous layer, the shaped or calcined separator from (a) material for porous layer, material for forming holes, and material for porous layer, press moulding, post-curing and calcining to integrate the materials and give an electrode provided with an intercooler.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrode substrate is provided for fuel cells, which incoporates an intercooler integrated with porous layers as a whole body. @(19pp)@    (JP92010185-B)      An electrode material for a fuel cell comprises 2 porous carbonaceous layers, each having in the centre of the layer a number of channels for feeding gaseous reactants into the cell, and between the porous layers, a gas-impermeable carbonaceous layer, with, in the centre of the layer, a number of channels for feeding coolant.    The channels in each layer are parallel to each other and to the electrode surface, and continuous from 1 side of the electrode to the other; channels are at right angles to channels. The properties are; density at least 1.2 g/cc, 0.4-0.8 g/cc; porosity 50-80%; gas permeability coefft, not above 1x10-4 square cm/h/mmWS, at lesat 20 ml/cm/h/mmWS, heat conductivity at least 1.16 W/Km at least 0.81 W/Km specific resistance not above 10x10-3 omega cm open pores at least 60% of dia not above 100 microns. Layers may comprise a more porous layer and a less porous layer, with the channels between these layers. (J60236459-A)