(JP61101971-A)      The fuel cell comprises many unit cells (I) each having a structure in which are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode (IC) made from a conductive material, to convert oxygen into oxygen ions. A solid electrolyte (16) consists of a (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.5 to 0.8) binary system or a third component-containing (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.05 to 0.08) system.    Also included is a gas-permeable fuel electrode (Ia) made from an electron-conducting material on a gas-permeable support (3).    The unit cells are connected to each other in series. Interconnections are made by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment or the like. The fuel cell is further provided with combustion openings for preheating oxygen or air.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte has high conductivity and no drop in transport number of oxygen ions due to low partial pressure.    (JP61198568-A)      The fuel cell comprises many unit cells (I) each having a structure in which are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode (IC) made from a conductive material, to convert oxygen into oxygen ions. A solid electrolyte (16) consists of a (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.5 to 0.8) binary system or a third component-containing (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.05 to 0.08) system.    Also included is a gas-permeable fuel electrode (Ia) made from an electron-conducting material on a gas-permeable support (3).    The unit cells are connected to each other in series. Interconnections are made by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment or the like. The fuel cell is further provided with combustion openings for preheating oxygen or air.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte has high conductivity and no drop in transport number of oxygen ions due to low partial pressure.    (JP61198569-A)      The fuel cell comprises many unit cells (I) each having a structure in which are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode (IC) made from a conductive material, to convert oxygen into oxygen ions. A solid electrolyte (16) consists of a (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.5 to 0.8) binary system or a third component-containing (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.05 to 0.08) system.    Also included is a gas-permeable fuel electrode (Ia) made from an electron-conducting material on a gas-permeable support (3).    The unit cells are connected to each other in series. Interconnections are made by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment or the like. The fuel cell is further provided with combustion openings for preheating oxygen or air.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte has high conductivity and no drop in transport number of oxygen ions due to low partial pressure.    (JP61198570-A)      The fuel cell comprises many unit cells (I) each having a structure in which are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode (IC) made from a conductive material, to convert oxygen into oxygen ions. A solid electrolyte (16) consists of a (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.5 to 0.8) binary system or a third component-containing (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.05 to 0.08) system.    Also included is a gas-permeable fuel electrode (Ia) made from an electron-conducting material on a gas-permeable support (3).    The unit cells are connected to each other in series. Interconnections are made by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment or the like. The fuel cell is further provided with combustion openings for preheating oxygen or air.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte has high conductivity and no drop in transport number of oxygen ions due to low partial pressure.    (JP61203578-A)      The fuel cell comprises many unit cells (I) each having a structure in which are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode (IC) made from a conductive material, to convert oxygen into oxygen ions. A solid electrolyte (16) consists of a (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.5 to 0.8) binary system or a third component-containing (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.05 to 0.08) system.    Also included is a gas-permeable fuel electrode (Ia) made from an electron-conducting material on a gas-permeable support (3).    The unit cells are connected to each other in series. Interconnections are made by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment or the like. The fuel cell is further provided with combustion openings for preheating oxygen or air.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte has high conductivity and no drop in transport number of oxygen ions due to low partial pressure.    (JP62040172-A)      The fuel cell comprises many unit cells (I) each having a structure in which are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode (IC) made from a conductive material, to convert oxygen into oxygen ions. A solid electrolyte (16) consists of a (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.5 to 0.8) binary system or a third component-containing (Ce02)I-x(Ca0)x(x=0.05 to 0.08) system.    Also included is a gas-permeable fuel electrode (Ia) made from an electron-conducting material on a gas-permeable support (3).    The unit cells are connected to each other in series. Interconnections are made by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment or the like. The fuel cell is further provided with combustion openings for preheating oxygen or air.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte has high conductivity and no drop in transport number of oxygen ions due to low partial pressure.    (US4686158-A)      Many unit cells are provided each having a structure in which there are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode made from an electron-conducting material, a solid electrolyte consisting of a (CeO2)l-x(CaO)x (x = 0.05 to 0.8) binary system or a third component containing (CeO2)1-x(CaO)x (x = 0.05 to 0.8) system and a gas-permeable fuel electrode made from an electron-conducting material on a gas permeable support.    Many unit cells are connected to each other in series with interconnectors by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment. An oxygen or air introducing portion of the combustion opening is covered with a filler e.g. alumina or a filler having a catalytic action in order to prevent hot spots and facilitate preheating, starting and stopping of the fuel cell. (20pp)