(GB2233813-B)      A cylindrical nickel/hydrogen cell with electrodes and separators stacked up perpendicularly to the cylinder axis forming an electrode stack and with a pressure-tight metal enclosure surrounding the electrode stack and closed off by hemispherical or semi-ellipsoidal face ends, furthermore with an electrical insulation between the inside of the metal enclosure and the outer circumference of the electrode stack, wherein the electrical insulation consists of a separate, thin-walled insulator in the form of a circumferentially closed cylinder jacket with a radially inwardly protruding collar at one end for locating the cylinder jacket in one axial direction relative to the electrode stack, the cylinder jacket of which insulator extends axially over the entire length of the electrode stack and is held against axial removal in the opposite axial direction.
(JP2775829-B2)      The voltage dividing resistor element for mounting inside electron tube comprises ceramic insulating substrate principally consisting of aluminium oxide, resistor layer consisting of metal oxide contg. ruthenium oxide, lead borosilicate glass, which is formed on the substrate, and insulating coating layer formed on the resistor layer. In this element, metal oxide layer formed by hydrolysis of organic metallic cpd. is placed in-between the insulating substrate and the resistor layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The voltage dividing resistor element is used as the element to be mounted inside electron tubes, e.g. Braun tube for the colour TV. Resistance value change and life characteristicss of the element are improved.
(JP2559844-B2)      A solid polymer electrolyte comprises (A) reticular polyethylene glycol diacrylate polymer contg. (B) PVC (C) a low mol. wt. polyethylene glycol contg. methyl-etherified terminals and (D) an alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt.    Specifically, (B) is hard PVC having an average mol. wt. of 10000-500000 and blended opt. a stabiliser (e.g. lead white, 3PbO.PbSO4, PbHPO3, dibasic PB phthalate, Cd-Ba-, Zn- or Ca-stearate, -laurate, -linolate, -naphthenate or -ethylhexanoate, dibutyl Sn dilaurate, dibutyl Sn maleate or dibutyl Sn mercaptide) in an amt. of 0.1-5 PHR.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity film strength and high adhesion with electrode. It is used for solid Li cell or solid plastic cell or an electrolyte for electrochromic display. @(4pp Dwg.No.Dwg. Not available)
(WO9206255-A)      Solar heating structure for heating a room space comprises a blackened panel (241) which is disposed inside the exterior glazing (237) to form a chamber. The panel (241) has a planar shape when cold and a curved shape when hot to open a passage between the room and the chamber. The panel (241) can be detachably mounted on the window pane e.g. by a suction cup and can be made of foamed low density urethane reinforced with fibreglass and having Al foil bonded to both panel faces.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides an efficient collector of heat adsorbed from the sun and which can also act as an insulating panel to impede loss of heat to the outside.
(US5302810-A)      Rapidly and uniformly heating a multilayer assembly comprising at least one thin layer of an ion-conducting macromolecular material, intercalated between two structures having high electronic conduction so as to be in intimate contact with the structures, comprises: applying an electrical voltage between the structures with high electronic conduction which are situated on either side of each layer of ion-conducting macromolecular material, at least a part of the voltage comprising an alternating component which has a frequency of less than 4 kHz and an amplitude of 0.05-100 volts, so as to generate in the multilayer assembly an alternating ion-current capable of effecting heating of the ion-conducting macromolecular material by the Joule effect.    USE -   Esp. useful for making the best use of highly energetic, primary, generators which have been stored for a long time at temps. close to or equal to room temp..
(JP2649729-B2)      @(Dwg.No.0/0)
(US5110516-A)      Producing lead wire of hard C comprises (1) uniformly mixing and dispersing a mixt. compsn. comprising a monomer or a precondensate of furan resin, binder contg. Cl-contg. vinyl resin. Cl-contg. vinyl resin being the only ingredient that is carbonised after calcining, and C powder; (2) applying high shearing force to mixt. compsn.; (3) moulding compsn. to obtain a preliminary moulding; (4) extrusion moulding the preliminary moulding in rod shape; (5) insolubilising and infusibilising the rod-shaped moulding; and (6) calcining the rod shaped moulding in an inert gas atmos..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Lead wires for supplying power to fuel battery, having excellent corrosion resistance against electrolyte in fuel battery, light wt., high hardness and high mechanical strength.    (GB2231560-B)      A process for producing electrical lead wires of hard carbon comprising the steps of mixing carbon powder with binder containing as main ingredients monomer or precondensate of furan resin and a chlorine-containing vinyl resin, uniformly mixing and kneading the resulting mixture, extrusion moulding the kneaded composition to form a rod, insolubilising and infusibilising the rod, and then calcining and carbonising the rod in an inert atmosphere.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen occlusion electrode has main section filled with a hydrogen occlusion alloy powder. A resin powder of 0.5-2 mg/cm2 is added to both sides of the electrode. The resin powder has water non-absorption property.    USE - For nickel-hydrogen battery.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates charging of the battery in short time by using the electrode with stable gas absorption property.
(JP2770388-B2)      The non-aq. system prim. cell comprises an anode, cathode of light metal or light metal alloy, and organic electrolyte. The organic electrolyte comprises a Lewis acid double salt of formula LiXFn, where X = B, P, As or Sb, n = 4 in case that X = B, or n = 6 in case that X = P, As, or Sb. The organic electrolyte can comprise a mixed solvent of at least a cyclic carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell is safe if short-circuited.
(US5137754-A)      Prepn. of fluorinated particulate material employed in a fuel cell comprises; (a) is applying a soln. of a hydrocarbon polymer cmpd. (pref. polyethylene or polypropylene) in a solvent (pref. a hydrocarbon) to the surface of the particulate material to be treated. (b) is vaporising the solvent of the soln. (c) is fluorinating the polymer cmpd. to coat the surface of the particulate material to be treated with the fluorinated polymer cpd.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For easily providing hydrophobicity to almost the entire surface of material for forming, such as, a fuel cell, and possesses excellent performance.    (JP2670141-B2)      Prepn. of hydrophobic material comprises applying hydrocarbons polymer cpd. soln. to surface of material to be treated; vapourising solvent from soln.; and fluoriding polymer cpd. to coat surface with the fluorided polymer cpd..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Simple, economical process providing durable, uniform, hydroohobic coating over entire surface, can be used for surface treatment of industrial reaction appts. and esp. has claimed use for prepg. hydrophobic material for use in a fuel cell e.g., coated carbon black/paper electrodes.
(US5436091-A)      Solid state laminar electrochemical cell comprises: (a) an alkali metal anode layer; (b) a solid ionically conductive electrolyte layer; (c) a cured cathode compsn. layer; and (d) a current collector with a metal foil substrate. (b) includes an ionisable alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt, an inert solvent and a polymerisable material. (c) is cured by radiation or thermally initiated polymerisation. It includes an ionically conductive electrolyte. The surface of (d) which contacts the cathode layer is micro-toughened to provide low impedance between (c) and (d) so the two are tightly adhered together to form a collector/cathode compsn. interface. The impedance is less than 10 ohms/cm2.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell has an overall low impedance with improved rechargeability and can be made with min. thickness.    (JP3046323-B2)      A solid state laminar electrochemical cell (10) comprises, in order; (a) an alkali metal anode layer (18); (b) a solid, ionically conductive electrolyte layer (16); (c) a cathode compsn. layer (14); and (d) a current collector (12).    The surface of the current collector (12) in contact with the cathod layer (14) is microroughened to enable the layers to tightly adhere to each other.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process allows the prodn. of solid state alkali metal anode prim. or sec. cells having improvements in cell impedance and, in turn, recharging ability and high current discharge, as a result of improved contact between cathode and current collector. @(12pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
(JP93086032-B)      The non-aq. cell comprises anode, cathode, separator, and non-aq. electrolyte. The non-aq. electrolyte cntains 0.01 wt.%-5 wt.% of at least one of phosphorus cpd. of formulae (R10)3PO (I), (R2O)2RPo (II) and (III), (where R1-R3 = indpendently 4-30C alkyl, allyl, aryl, aralkyl or halogenated alkyl; R = 1-30C alkyl, allyl, aryl, aralkyl or halogenated alkyl.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The non-aq. cell is used for the compact size, high capacity cell. Impregnation of the non-aq. electrolyte to the separator is improved. Cell voltage and capacity are improved. (J02244565-A)
(US7259634-N)      Passivation layer for reflective Ag or other metal layer of a flexible mirror is formed by a Si nitride layer which is deposited on the substrate before metal deposition to form a diffusion barrier. The barrier can also be formed over the metal crating, giving a dense transparent coating, so that mirrors can be used as front reflective mirrors.    ADVANTAGE -   Chemical degradation of the Ag is prevented. @(34pp)@
(JP2552352-B2)      Prepn. method of hydrogen occluding electrode is new, where paste principally consisting of hydrogen occluding powder, which does not contain additive of fibre-forming binder, is filled in porous metallic substrate, then dried. On the surface of the obtd. substrate, dispersion liq. of fibre-forming binder is applied, and dried, then rolled spread.    Pref. rolling spread is done in several divided steps.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for prepn. of hydrogen occluding electrode for the sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the electrode is improved.    In an example, 100 pts. 14pts.wt. of hydrogen occluding alloy of LaNi4.7 Al0.3 and 20 pts.wt. of conductive agent of Ni powder, and 80 pts.wt. of viscous liq. of 3% methylcellulose aq. soln. were mixed and kneaded to prepare paste in low viscosity. The paste was filled in foam nickel substrate of approx. 1.6 mm thickness. The paste filled substrate was dried at 80 deg.C for 1 hr. On the surface of the dried substrate, dispersion liq. of PTFE was applied, then dried, then rolled spread to make PTFE to fibre. The rolling spread was done several times to repeat formation of the fibre.
(JP96024038-B2)      A battery comprises a positive electrode terminal exposed on the same whole surface and has an ultra-violet-ray hardening type result (1) of a cation polymer in the form of an insulating member and the hollow portion between negative-electrode terminals (3).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in all battery applications. Prevents short circuits caused by dew condensation, contact with metal on the exterior, etc.
(JP2757004-B2)      The solid electrolyte is obtd. by blending (A) and (B). (A) 100 wt.pts. of (a) and (b), (a) 80-99 wt.% of epichlorohydrin homopolymer rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethyleneoxide copolymer rubber1) or a blend, contg. (b) 1-20 wt.% of (oxyethylene)glycol having an average number mol. wt. of 5,000 or less or lower alkylether(2) with (B) 0.5-20 wt.pts. of alkali metal salt.    (A) (a) is pref. (1) epichlorohydrin-ethyleneoxide copolymer contg. 90 mol.% or less of ethylene oxide due to the flexibility of the polymer, (b) (2) 1-8C alkyl, poly(oxyethylene)-glycol monomethylether, dimethylether, propylether, butyl ether. In (B) (3) is pref. Li, Na perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethanesulphonate, toluenesulphonate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in mfg. for battery, capacitors, sensors, etc..
The lithium cell has electrolyte comprising block-graft copolymer with lithium ion salt. The block-graft copolymer consists of the block chain (A) of at least one polymer composed of repeating units of formula (I), (where R1 = H, methyl, or ethyl, R2 = H or methyl, R3 = alkyl, aryl, acyl, or silyl, m = 1-45, p = integer; numerical ave. mol. wt. of the graft chain of the formula (i) is 45-2000) and the block chain (B) of at least one polymer composed of repeating unit of formula (II) (where R4 = H, methyl or ethyl, M is phenyl or substd. phenyl, or the gp. -C(CH3)=CH2, -COOCH3, or -COOC2H5).    ADVANTAGE -   Charge-discharge characteristics and functional stability in ageing of the cell are improved.
(JP93074195-B)      The lithium cell has electrolyte comprising block-graft copolymer with lithium ion salt. The block-graft copolymer consists of the block chain (A) of at least one polymer composed of repeating units of formula (I), (where R1= H, methyl, or ethyl, R2= H or methyl, R3= alkyl, aryl, acyl or silyl, m= 1-45, p= integer; numerical ave. mol. wt. of the graft chain of the formula (i) is 45-2000) and the block chain (B) of at least one polymer composed of repeating unit of formula (II) (where R4= H, methyl or ethyl, M is phenyl or substd. phenyl or the gp. -C(CH3)=CH2, -COOCH3, or -COOC2H5).    ADVANTAGE -   Charge-discharge characteristics and functional stability in ageing of the cell are improved. (J02230667-A)
In the process nuclearing fluorine resin, agent for foaming and Freon as foaming agent are mulled in an extruder, and extruded to cover the wire. Pref screw surface or cylinder surface of the extruder is plated with Ni gp plating material, esp Ni-P of 20 micron thickness.    ADVANTAGE -   Appts allows stable long term prodn of the insulated wire because corrosion of screw or cylinder is prevented.
The tubular glass comprises a tubular glass substrate, and superconducting oxide thin film formed at least on the internal and/or external surface of the substrate. The transparent superconducting oxide thin film comprises a composite of In-oxide and Sn-oxide.    The tubular glass is made by applying a transparent superconducting oxide thin film forming liq. contg. the composite or the precursors, followed by drying and/or firing.    USE -   For instantaneous ignition fluorescent lamps.
(US5376478-A)      Lithium sec. battery comprises: (i) a layer of vanadium pentoxide, with a specified X-ray diffraction pattern, serving as the positive electrode active substance; (ii) a substance capable of occluding and releasing Li ions serving as the negative electrode active substance; and (iii) a polymer of formula (I) having a Li salt dissolved in it to serve as the electrolyte.    In the formula, m is the average number of repeating ethyleneoxy units and is a real number of 5-25; n is the average number of repetitions and a 3-200000.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte is flame retardant, non-flowable and safe and retains its characteristics at low ambient temp. of up to the ice point.    (JP2740960-B2)      A secondary Li battery comprises a positive electrode active material (1), a negative electrode active material (3) and an electrolyte (2). (1) is a layered V205. (3) is a substance which can occlude and release Li ions. (2) is a polymer represented by formula (I) contg dissolved Li salt where m is the repeat number of the ethylene oxy gp unit; its value lies between 5 and 25 (pref 7); n is a mean repeat number and n = 3 to 200000 (3) can be Li, an alloy of Li and Al, of Li and Hg, of Li and Pb, of Li and Sn, a wood alloy, etc. It is pref Li. If (3) is Li, the dislcosed Li salt is LiC104 or CF3S03NaLi. The layered V205 is prepd by cooling molte V205 quickly, dissolving it in water and drying it, thus forming an amorphous V205. The Vs025 V205 can be made into a powder by spray drying, into a thin film by spin coating etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Both of the electrode materials have a high energy density. The electrolyte is flame-retardant, nonflowable and safe. It can retain these characteristics even at temp below 0 deg C.
(DE4090274-C)      Solid battery contains A) as solid electrolyte a cpd. (A)u. ((N=P(Z)2).(MX)v)w, B) an active substance for the +ve electrode and C) an active substance for the -ve electrode, A is a single polymer contg 1 or random arrangement of segments -(N=P(Q)2)-a, -N=P(Q)(Q'))-b, -N=P(Q")2)c- or -(N=P(Q")(Q'))-d; Q is O-(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2CH2SO3M; Q' is -O(CH2CH2O)KR; Q" is -O(CHR'CH2O)nCH2CH2CFHCF2SO3M; u is 0-5; Z is Y-(OCH2CH2)y-O-; Y is Me, Et and/or propyl; y is 1-30; M is a gp 1 or 2 element, a gp 3-8 transition metal or a lanthanide; X is CF3SO3-, C104-, BF4-, BF4-, ASF6- and/or PF6; v is 0.001-5; is 0.001-5; w is 3-200,000; R is Me, Et and/or propyl; R' is H or Me; h and k are 0-20; a, b, c and d are O Or an integer; a+b+c+d = 3-200,000.    B) is pref a) a cpd with a layered structure, esp TiS2, graphite or (V2O5)1-x, (E)x.mH2O; b) a cpd with an amorphous structure, esp (V2O5)1-x,(E)x, MoS2, MoS3, V2S5 or LiV3O8, or cc) is a cpd having voids in a 3-dimensional crystal lattice, esp MnO2, LiMn2O4, V2O5 or V6O13. C) is Li(alloy). E is an oxide of a (semi)metal x is 0-0.6 and m is 0.1-2.    ADVANTAGE -   Light wt battery has a large charge and discharge capacity.    (10pp)    (US5183716-A)      Solid-state battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte of formula (A)n(((N=P(Z)2).(MX)v)w). A is a single ionic polymer comprising an oligoethylene oxypolyphosphazene of formulae (I)-(IV); Z is Y(OCH2CH2)yO; Y is Me, Et, and/or propyl; y is 1-30; M is a Gp.I-VIII metal, transition metal or lanthanide; X is CF3SO3, CLO4, BF4, AsF6, or PF6; n is 0-5; v is 0.001-5; and w is 3-200,000; R = methyl, ethyl or propyl; R1 = H or methyl; h and k or h' and k' = average number of repeating ethyleneoxy or alkyleneoxy units and are real number in the range 0-20; l, nl' and n' = at least 0; and l+n+l'+n'=3-200,000.    ADVANTAGE -   Is small-sized, lightweight, and has a large charge-discharge capacity.
(JP2805486-B2)      The cathode material comprises an electrolyte and a zinc alloy powder with an additive of formula (I) where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, (I) is added in amt. 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for Cu alkaline cell. Generation of hydrogen gas is suppressed at low Hg content of up to 0.2 wt%. Cell capability is improved.
(US5008579-A)      Electrical energy source comprises an oranic polymer (12) incorporating beta-particle emitting 3H, 10Be, 14C, 32Si or 32P to which an organic phosphor is bonded so that the polymer surface emits light in a specified frequency bandwidth. A photovoltaic cell (14, 16) has a collecting surface intimately optically coupled to the polymer surface, light absorption generating an open-circuit voltage between cell contacts.    Phosphor pref. comprises a PPO, PBD or POPOP prim. phosphor, and a sec. phosphor for shifting the bandwidth of photons emitted by the prim. phosphor. The av. useful life of the source is pref. at least 10 years and total energy produced is less than 200 mW. The polymer is pref. a tritiated organic polymer to which the phosphor is bonded.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides safe long-life source which is commercially feasible outputting at constant watt-hour rate and maximising conversion efficiency. @(18pp)@
(JP2711880-B2)      Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes).
(JP3181902-B2)      Cpds. of formula (I) are new: (N=P(Z)2) is a sulphonic acid gp. contg. oligoethyleneoxypolyphosphoazine(s) formed by optional combination of segments (II), (III) or (IV): wherein R, R' = methyl-, ethyl- or propyl-gp.; h, k = real number(s) defined by h = 0-15, k = 0-22.5, m.n = zero or positive integer(s) and M is cation(s) of element(s) selected from l+m+n = 3-20000 Gp.I, Gp.II, transition metals and lanthanoids or onium ion(s); a is real number(s) of 0.001-4, b is positive integer(s) of 3-20000.    (I) is prepd. by addn. of MX to (N=P(Z)2)b(V)(J88162724): for example, MX/tetrahydrofuran soln. is added to (V)/tetrahydrofuran soln. (molar ratio of (V)/MX = 0.001-0.4), tetrahydrofuran is evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) is useful as electrolyte for electrochemical cell: Tg of (I) is minus 80 deg.C-plus 30 deg.C, and transport number of lithium cation in (I) is above 0.5, (I) is superior electrolyte to former electrolytes. @(10pp Dwg.No.4/5)@
(US4997730-A)      Non-aq. electrochemical cell comprises an alkali metal anode, a glass fibre separator, a liq. cathode-electrolyte, and a porous carbonaceous cathode collecto. Liq.    cathode-electrolyte contains 0.01-3.0 wt.% of polyethylene terephthalate. Opt. liq. cathode-electrolyte also contains 0.01-0.5 wt.% PVC. Separator contains polyethylene terephthalate and acrylic resin in wt. ratio 1:0.5-1.5 as binders.    ADVANTAGE -   Voltage delay is minimsed, i.e. large voltage drop in initial state of discharge.    (7pp)    (EP384572-B1)      A non-aqueous electrochemical cell comprising an alkali metal anode, a glass fibre separator, a liquid cathode-electrolyte and a porous carbonaceous cathode collector, characterised in that said liquid cathode-electrolyte contains 0.01 to 3.0 weight percent of polyethylene terephthalate.    (JP2811834-B2)      Non-aq. electrochemical cell comprises an alkali metal anode, a glass fibre separator, a liq. cathode-electrolyte and a porous carbonaceous cathode collector, the liq. cathode electrolyte contg. 0.01-30 wt.% PET.    Mfr. of the cell is claimed.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell has a min. a voltage delay even at high ambient temp. or on prolonged storage. It has sufficient mechanical strength and can be made with high reproducibility and at low cost.
(EP393418-B1)      Electrochemical cell with a light metal anode, a porous carbon or metal cathode, an electrolyte in the form of an anhydrous, an organic solvent, whereby the solvent or a solvent admixture takes the function of the depolariser which is chemically converted at the cathode which itself remains chemically unchanged and of an oxy-compound or oxyhalogenated hydrocarbon compound of the main group V and/or VI of the classification of elements, pref. with a conductivity addition to increase the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte as well as further admixtures to this electrolyte like S2Cl2, BrCl, Cl2 or of catalysts as well as with a polymer, characterised in that (a) the electrolyte comprises a portic acid such as HCl, HBr, HJ, HBF4, HSO3Cl, HNO3, H2SO4 or a mixture of two or more of these acids at a portion of between 0.01 and 10 weight %, (b) that the polymer in the electrolyte is dissolved at a portion between 0.01 and 10 weight %.
(JP2630643-B2)      The alkali cell using Zn negative electrode has a fluorine contg. silane group cpd. added to Zn alloy powders contg. at least one of Pb, In, Bi, Ga or A1.    ADVANTAGE -   The alkali cell has enough corrosion resistance when amalgamation rate of Zn for gel type Zn negative electrode is up to 1.0 wt.%.
(JP2696544-B2)      A fluoroalkyl sulphonic acid of formula ROCH2CH2CFHCF2SO3M (where m = H, alkali metal of an onium gp., R = (CH2CH2O)nR', (CH2CH(CH3)O)nR' or (CH(CH3)CH2O)nR', R' = H, CH3, C2H5 or C3H7 and n = a mean repeating number of oligoethyleneoxy or oligopropyleneoxy chains and n = 0-10).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The invention provides new fluoroalkylsulphonic acids with a high electric conductivity and a high cation transport number useful as supporting salts for electrolytes for batteries, electrolytes for electrochromic displays and as intermediates for surfactants, drugs and agricultural chemicals and batteries using the electrolytes.
(JP2706729-B2)      Mfr. of binder for lead storage battery glass mat is characterised in that the following are mixed and emulsion polymerised.    (a) an aq. dispersion obtd. by mixing (i) a thermocrosslinking monomer and (ii) an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester, and emulsion polymerising; and (b) a monomer mixt. of polymerisable unsatd. carboxylic acid (iii) and the alkyl methacrylate esters.    ADVANTAGE -   The binder exhibits sufficient mechanical strength even though the quantity adhering (to the glass mat) is small, and which does not decrease in its binder properties over time.
(US4981763-A)      Electrochemical single battery comprises a pair of electrode pairs which are mutually opposed to be the electrodes where the electrochemical reaction is effected, and reaction layers (22, 23) positioned between the electrodes to carry out the electrochemical reaction. The reaction layer (22, 23) protrude alternately (22a, 23a) in the same direction from one electrode part slantwise towards the other electrode part. An electrolyte layer (21) is interposed between the reaction layers (22, 23).    Electrochemical single battery is produced by forming reaction sheets (22, 23) on both surfaces of a planar electrolyte layer sheet (21) and laminating the sheets. The reaction sheets (22, 23) are smaller than the electrolyte sheet (21). The laminated sheets are shaped into the form of bellows. The bellows shaped laminate sheet is pressed from a slant direction with respect to the sheet surface.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The battery is used as fuel cell. It has increased reaction area to augment its output density. (First major country equivalent to J02162653-A) @(10pp Dwg.No.1/14)@    (JP2797352-B2)      Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses.
(JP2562958-B2)      Lead storage battery mfr. comprises setting anode and cathode into a battery jar, made from resin compsn. which partitions come in two or more cells, using a partition wall. A fixed projection is used for fixed support of the terminal of a strip for an element, approaching the inner wall of each cell of the battery jar, formed by injection moulding the resin compsn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for prodn. of a lead storage battery. Advanced vibration-proof standards are achieved.
(US5116674-A)      The structure comprises a substrate, a thin transparent electroconductive anodisable metal film and a thin porous transparent oxide coating of the metal. The pores have dia. 2-500 nm, and are sepd. from the metal film by a thin closed barrier layer of the oxide. The metal film is 1-50 nm thick and the oxide film is 10 nm to 50 microns thick. The substrate is glass, (transparent) mineral, silicon or a plastic material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as an optical information recording material or as a transparent electrode solar cell, window glass for cars and buildings, etc. High energy utilisation (for recording) and optical properties can be easily changed by known methods.    (EP380073-B1)      A layer material comprising a substrate on which an electrically conductive metal layer which is covered with a porous metal oxide layer, wherein a thin, transparent and electrical conductive metal layer of an anodically oxidisable metal is applied on at least one surface of the substrate, the metal layer being covered by a thin transparent oxide layer of the said metal, and in which the oxide layer contains, distributed over the surface, fine pores which are closed towards the metal layer.
(JP2731404-B2)      Battery has (a) alkali metal cathode, (b) porous mould anode (mainly consisting of carbon), (c) an electrodes separator, and (d) an electrolytic soln. using sulphur oxy halide (which is the anode active substance) as the electrolyte solvent, where a condensation aromatic cpd. is supported on the separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   'Electric voltage delay' (the drop of the electric voltage at the beginning of the discharge) seen after battery is kept at a high temp. or for long time, can be prevented.
(JP2772120-B2)      Solid state laminar cell is mfd. by: coating a cathode compsn. layer onto a current collector; rolling to provide a smooth, continuous surface on the cathode compsn.; coating an ion-conductive polymerisable electrolyte onto the cathode layer; (partially) curing; and adding a laminar anode layer. The cathode compsn. contains: an active material, conductive filler, an alkali metal salt, an inert solvent for the salt, and a polymerisable material.    ADVANTAGE -   Rolling step produces good contact between the cathode and its collector and the electrolyte to reduce impedance and enhance cell efficiency.
(JP2914701-B2)      A solid state laminar electrochemical cell comprises (i) an alkali metal anode layer (I); (ii) a solid ionically conducting electrolyte layer (II); and (iii) a cathode/current collector layer (III), such that (II) is interposed between (I) and (III). (III) comprises (a) an electrically conductive substrate having surface voids; and (b) a radiation-cured composite cathode compsn. which comprises (i) an intercalation cpd.; (ii) an electrically conductive filler, and (iii) a radiation-cured ionically conductive electrolyte. (IIIb) is coated and radiation-cured onto the surface of (IIIa) facing the electrolyte layer (II), and is maintained in the voids of the surface.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The solid state electrochemical cell is capable of maintaining a low level of cell impedance and has improved rechargability. There is tightly adherent contact between cathode and cathode current collector of the cell.
(JP3202216-B2)      A high power solid state electrochemical laminar single cell (10) comprises in sequence an alkali metal anode (18) a solid, ionically conducting electrolyte (16), a composite cathode (14) and a current collector (12) and generates at least 50m A/cm2 at room temp. Also claimed is a process for the above comprising coating a cathode compsn. comprising active cathode material, conductive filler and polymerisable electrode compsn. onto a current collector, curing the compsns. and applying the anode onto the electrolyte.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A solid state, alkali metal anode cell (claimed) capable of discharging current at 3-10 times previous rates is provided. Min. impedance is maintained in and between the layers, the cell may be used over a wide temp. range and is rechargeable. @(10pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A method is provided for forming a throughole in a sheet type storage battery comprising a negative electrode layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a positive electrode layer and a thermoplastics resin film laminated on at least one of the surfaces of the positive and negative electrode layers.    The method comprises forming a through hole in the sheet-type storage battery by drilling or punching, coating the inner wall of a through hole with a thin layer fo the resin film produced by extension fo the film, inserting a cylindrical hollow thermoplastics resin into the through hole and inserting an ultrasonic horn of a welder into the hollow resin to weld the film.    USE -   For mfr. of miniaturised low noise batteries. (First major country equivalent to J02119066-A, J02121383-A, J02121384-A, J02121385-A)
(JP2662874-B2)      The paint comprises a . of a main component comprising at least one oxide opt. carbide of a metal of atomic number 24-29 and a subcomponents comprising a component contg. a carbide of a metal of group IV of the periodic table with a binder, liquefied with a volatile solvent.    The binder pref. contains pigment which comprises polyamide and polyester. The material contains the above components as the paint together with other powdery building materials or interior materials. The subcomponents contains aluminium. The powdery building material is e.g. cement and the interior material used is plaster, wall sand and artificial wall material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Since the material has a good selective absorbtion power of solar energy and an insulating property, it is useful as a warming cloth, shoe polish, coating, in building materials and for heating sand by absorbing solar energy.
(US5122303-A)      Ion-conducting compsn. comprises (a) a polyester-polyether copolymer and (b) a salt of mono- to trivalent Gp. IA-IVa, Gp IB-VIIB or Gp. VIII metal ion. Mol. ratio (a):(b) is such that 0.01-0.5 mol. of (b) is present per mol. equiv. of ether-O in (a). Cpd. (a) is prepd. from (i) on alpha, omega- dihydroxy-terminated polyethylene- or polypropylene-glycol or polytetrahydrofuran, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or ester-forming deriv., and an aromatic diol. Opt. (a) is prepd. from alpha, omega-dicarboxy-terminated polyethylene- or polypropylene-glycol, polytetrahydrofuran or ester-forming deriv., an aromatic diol, and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or ester-forming deriv.    USE -   Antistatic films or coatings or as solid electrolytes for batteries.    (EP373116-A3)      Ion-conductive compsn. contains (A) a polyester-polyether copolymer prepd. from (1.1) an alpha,omega-di-hydroxy terminated poly(oxyalkylene), (1.2) an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or ester-forming deriv., and (1.3) an aromatic diol and/or an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid or ester-forming derivs., or from (2.1) an alpha,omega-dicarboxy terminated poly-oxyalkylene) or ester-forming deriv., (2.2) an aromatic diol, and (2.3) an aromatic dicarboxylic- and/or an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic-acid or ester forming derivs., and (B) a salt of a mono-, di- or tri-valent metal ion of Gps. Ia-IVa, Ib-VIIb or VIII.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Use of the compsn. for prodn. of antistatic films, antistatic coatings, or solid electrolytes for batteries is claimed. Compsn. is easily sol. in solvents, and can be processed to self-supporting films or to coatings. The films are transparent in the visible region of the spectrum, and have ionic conductivity of up to 10 power -6 S/cm at 20 deg. C. Mechanical properties are improved, and thermal and mechanical properties can be varied. The copolymers are homogeneous and amorphous, with only one Tg, and the components do not show phase sepn. @(24pp Dwg.No 0/0)
(US5064735-A)      Cd electrode comprises an electrically conductive substrate supporting an electrochemically active material, an interconnecting network of aliphatic alcohol soluble polyamide and a mixt. of particulate electrochemically active Cd material retained in and dispersed through the network and in electrical contact with the substrate during charge and discharge of the electrode. The solubility limit of the polyamide in n-propanol is at least 7.4 wt.%. The polyamide acts as a binder and an antiagglomerant retarding Cd agglomeration during use of the electrode. The Cd material pref. comprises Cd oxide in admixture with Ni hydroxide in an amt. to prevent Cd agglomeration. The polyamide binder and antiagglomerant are present as a microporous network in an amt. of 0.1-3 wt.% of the electrode (excluding the substrate).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For rechargeable cell using an alkaline electrolyte (claimed). The electrode has increased life.    (17pp)
(JP2738715-B2)      The non-woven fabrics includes continuous filaments of core sheath structure obtained by heating, partially. The core is comprised by polyethylene terephthalate and the sheath is comprised by polypropylene.    The size of the filament is within 2-20 deniers, of which the core constitutes about 1-15 deniers. The weight ratio of polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene is between 1/5-3/1.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in chemical resistance, heat resistance. Offers superior dimensional stability.
Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma.
(JP2632021-B2)      In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd.
(JP2798680-B2)      The alkaline cell comprises gelatinous zinc cathode contg. nonionic surfactant contg. organic silicon hydrophobic gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for the electr(on)ic devices. Corrosion resistance and life of the gelatinous zinc cathode are improved.    In an example, 600 ppm of Al, 500 ppm of Pb, and 200 ppm of In were added to Zn to prepare Zn alloy powder. 60 wt.% of the Zn alloy powder, 2 wt.% of gelatiniser, and 38 wt.% of 40% KOH aq. soln. were mixed to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode material. The material was amalgamated with mercury, and the surfactant (I) added to the amalgamated material to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode. EO=ethylene oxide, n and m are integers.
(JP94070148-B2)      Rough-surfaced polyester sheet comprises a rough-surfaced polyester sheet contg. many conical projections intimately in contact each other at least one surface. The projections contain big projections having a bottom circle dia. of 12-50 microns and a height of 0.3-0.7 times of the dia. and small projections having a bottom circle dia. of less than 12 microns and the area of the gig projections is more than 50%. The projections are formed by contacting with a polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol.    The polyester: polyethylene terephthalate. The polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol: hexafluoropropanol.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   It enables total reflectivity of visible lights to less than 30% and vertical reflectivity to less than 4%.
(JP93030025-B)      Cell comprises dispersing H2O-saturated acrylic acid-vinyl alcohol compolymer, acrylic acid soda polymer or denatured polyethylene oxide in a gel-like electrolytic liq.    USE -   Used for portable power sources. (J02078160-A)
(DE3930169-C2)      A room heating element (2) to be mounted around windows or doors consists of a hollow extrusion (4) which carries on the inside (10) a pipe (12) e.g. for circulating hot water. The heat transfer profile (4) is attached to a mounting assembly (50) by its bottom ends (14) of the side walls (6,8) where T-shaped ribs (16) are snapped over clamping pieces (22,22a,22b) held in a mounting rail (50) made of aluminium. These C-shaped clamping pieces (22) are pref. made of polyamide 6.6. The rail is fixed to the building (26) by screws through the holes (70); the seals (42) have pref. three sealing lips.    ADVANTAGE -   This simplifies the attachment to openings in buildings and facilitates any thermally induced changes in length without noise or stress.
(JP2738710-B2)      In non-woven fabric used for battery, the improvement is that the non-woven fabric consists of core-shell structure continuous filament composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) core and polyethylene shell, the fineness of the continuous filament is 2-20 denier, the fineness of the PET core is 1-15 denier, and the ratio of the PET to the polyethylene is 1/5-3/1.    The polyethylene is low density polyethylene with 0.910-0.925 density, medium density polyethylene with 0.926-0.940 density or high density polyethylene with 0.941-0.965 density, and is pref. linear low density polyethylene from ethylene and alpha-olefin of C4-C8. The PET pref. has intrinsic viscosity of 0.50-1.20.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The non-woven fabric shows excellent acid resistance and heat resistance, and can be used for a long period in dil. sulphuric acid electrolytic soln. of battery without deterioration.
(US5217827-A)      An electrolyte compsn. for a solid state electrochemical cell comprises (a) at least 65 wt. % of a plasticiser; (b) a polyethylene oxide polymer; and (c) a dissolved alkali metal salt (pref. a lithium salt in which the anion is I-, Br-, SCN-, C10-4 or BF4- (5 of 9)). The plasticiser is a non-volatile aprotic solvent in which the alkali metal salt is soluble and is in a solvent such as propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, dimethyl sulphoxide, tetrahydrofuran or propylene glycol dimethyl ethers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is useful in providing electrolyte layers less than 100 microns thick for solid state electrochemical cells such as a lithium-vanadium battery, having a very thin construction    (JP2735311-B2)      An electrolyte compsn. for a solid state electrochemical cell comprises (i) at least 65 wt.% plasticiser; (ii) a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer derived from monomers contg. a heteroatom; and (iii) a dissolved alkali metal salt.    An electrochemical cell is also claimed, comprising a lithium anode, a composite cathode of an insertion cpd. and a layer of polymer electrolyte comprising the above compsn.    The heteroatom is pref. O or N. The plasticiser ':. is a non-volatile aprotic polar solvent in which the alkali metal salt is soluble, pref. propylene carbonate, a-butyrolactone or dimethyl ethers. The salt is'a lithium salt of I-, Br-, SCN-, CLO4-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, CF3CO2- or CF3SO3-. The layer of polymer electrolyte in the cell is less than 100 microns thick, pref. 15-50 microns thick.    ADVANTAGE -   The compsns. can provide very thin electrolyte layers.
(US4939048-A)      Electrochemical cell has an alkaline electrolyte and a gelled negative electrode with a current collector formed by a bundle of conducting fibres of dias. between 0.05-1mm. The fibres are coated with In, Ga, Cd or Zn. The gelled electrode contains powder free from Hg, Cd and Pb.    ADVANTAGE -   Environmentally friendly. @(5pp)@
(US5068713-A)      Solid state image sensing device comprises transparent substrate for allowing incident light to pass; transparent substrate chip(s) mounted on a substrate and having exposed surfaces; photoelectric converting element(s) on transparent substrate; and antireflection mould material on portion of transparent substrate and on at least the exposed surfaces of the chip. Refractive index of the anti-reflection mould material is equal to or higher than the refractive index of the chip.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. for solid state image sensing elements for e.g. reading images.    (15pp)
(US4968372-A)      Prodn. of flexible carrier substrate for a photovoltaic solar generator, comprises (i) providing a synthetic film having a hardened coating of an adhesive on the surface, and adhesion promoting layer and glass filament fabric which is satd. with unhardened silicone adhesive; (ii) introducing a tear-away fabric into the unhardened silicone_ adhesive; (iii) hardening the adhesive under vaccum to produce a hardened laminate; and (iv) removing the tear-away fabric so that a torn-away, structured silicone surface remains on the laminate for adhesive attachment of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Substrate is resistant to atomic oxygen so it may travel in Earth orbit in environment contg. atomic oxygen, without degradation. @(4pp)@    (DE3827433-C2)      Prodn. of flexible carrier/substrate for solar photovoltaic generators comprises application of adhesive to a heat-processable polyimide foil laminate; heating to cure the adhesive, e.g. at 140C/1 bar for more than 4 hrs.; application of a silicone adhesive and glass silk tissue to the substrate surface, impregnating the tissue with the resin; application of a detachable material (e.g. polyamide-6,6); and hardening under reduced pressure.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The detachable layer is removed prior to mounting a solar cell with the adhesive on to these substrates. The prodn. avoids the use of hazardous etching agents prior to attachment of the solar cell.
(US5213914-A)      Cell comprises an Li cathode, an electrolyte comprising SO2 as solvent and LiAlCl4 as solute, and an anode comprising Li cobalt oxide as active material. Anode substrate is Ni (-contg.) or Co (-contg.) material. LiAlCl4 is present in the electrolyte in amt. greater than that corresp. to a mol. equiv. ratio of 1:3.5 to the SO2. Cell has potential greater than 4V, an energy density greater than 200 Wh/kg, a cycle life greater than 200 charging and discharging cycles, and a power density greater than 20 W/kg.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased energy density and cycle life.
(US4892794-A)      Battery comprises (a) a casing forming 1 or more battery cell; (b) aq. fluid electrolyte in the cell; (c) a hydrophilic electrode assembly in the cell comprising positive and negative electrodes immersed in the electrolyte; (d) a vent for gases and pressure during recharging and heat-sterilising; and (e) porous material next to the electrode assembly for holding excess electrolyte.    Cpd. (a) is hydrophobic in amt. large enough w.r.t. electrode assembly such that electrolyte in (e) migrates there to wet electrodes while excess electrolyte is stored there.    ADVANTAGE -   Can withstand high temp. generated during heat or steam sterilisation.
(JP2528693-B2)      Polymer cell has a cathode comprising Li(alloy), an anode comprising complex of electroconductive polymer and polymer anion, and electrolyte comprising polymer solid electrolyte.    Pref. electroconductive polymer is e.g. polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyacetylene etc.. The polymer anion is e.g. polyvinylsulphone or fluorinated polymer anion of formula (CF2CF2)x(C(RfX)CF2)y (I) or (CF2CF2)x(CXFCF2)y (II), where x+y = 1.0, y is 0.1-1.0, X is SO3H or COOH, Rf is CF2, OCF2, O-(-CF2)3 or O-CF(CF3)-CF2-OCF2CF2. The polymer solid electrolyte is e.g. a complex body of Li salt and crosslinked reaction prod. from ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, trihydric alcohol and 2,4-tolylenediisocyanate, a complex body of Li salt and polyethylene oxide, a complex body of Li salt and polypropylene oxide or complex body of Li salt and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Light weight solid polymer cell has good flexibility, small internal resistance and large electric capacity.
(US4966812-A)      Antireflective film comprises a sol-gel reaction prod.    obtd. by hdyrolysis and condensn. of silicon alkoxides and opt. metal alkoxides. Prodn. of these films comprises application of a coating soln. to a surface substrate; and drying. Prepn.    of the coating compsn. comprises addn. of water and can acidic catalyst to an alkanolic soln. of a tetralkoxysilane, opt.    mixed with a metal alkoxide; or a soln. of partially hydrolysed metal alkoxide is added; the reaction mixt. is aged at about 50 deg.C. under a heat lamp for 2-3 weeks; and the resulting gel is reliquified, e.g. by ultrasonic agitation, and dispersed with a volatile solvent.    USE -   Plastic surfaces coated with these compsns. exhibit improved light transmission, e.g. in solar thermal and photovoltaic devices.    (8pp)
(GB2220097-B)      A device with an interchangeable panel of any size of shape or colour and opaque or transparent, which can have characters (such as numbers, letters and diagrams) of a different colour mounted on it, and such characters being easy to change, part or parts of the device being able to absorb light when the surroundings are bright and emit light to the panel and/or characters when the surroundings are dark or dull, so that it forms a sign which can be seen irrespective of how bright or dark the ambient surroundings are, needing no internal power source, or (in the case of insufficient energy being stored) a lesser power source than by itself would be required to make it clearly visible.
(US5034800-A)      A package for a semiconductor device including a semiconductor die is provided having metal pads for electrical connection to one of two parallel surfaces, the other surface being bonded by heat and electricity conducting adhesive to a central pad of a metal frame. The frame has coplanar fingers surrounding the central pad at a distance from it and extend radially. The fingers are mutually electrically insulated and each metal pad is connected to at least one of the fingers by a wire welded between the two.    The package has a box-like hollow shell of rigid plastics formed of two corresp. parts with inner and outer sealing perimeters with a chamber between them. The perimeters and their chamber surround a central cavity enclosing the die. The metal wires and finger inner ends. The fingers extend outside the shell through a gap between the peripheral edges. An encapsulating plastics body is moulded around the shell and the fingers extend through it. The perimetral chamber accommodates any encapsulating resin extruding through gaps in the outer sealing perimeter during moulding.    USE -   For encapsulating optically active devices. @(6pp)@
(EP347910-B1)      A rechargeable zinc halide electrolyte electrochemical cell comprising a laminate of the sequence: (a) an electrically conducting chemically insert material; (b) a membrane matrix formed of a hydrophilic polymer matrix in which is immobilised an aqueous zinc halide electrolyte; and (c) an electrically conducting layer adapted to absorb and adsorb halogen.    (US5011749-A)      Rechargeable zinc halide electrolyte electrochemical cell comprises a laminate of the sequence: (a) an electrically conducting chemically inert material; (b) a membrane matrix formed of an hydrophilic polymer matrix in which is immobilised a zinc halide electrolyte; and (c) an electrically conducting layer adapted to absorb and absorb halogen. The laminate can be cut to any pref size of battery, where wires are attached to the final size assembly to layers (a) and (c). Pref (a) is a chemically inert-metal screen. Sublayers attached with each other result in a multilayer laminate of 1-3mm thickness. Pref (a) is a prod of an electronically conducting material, dissolved or dispersed in pref solvent; (b) comprises a polymer which is swellable in electrolyte soln; and (c) comprises activated carbon powder.    USE -   Ribbon-like flexible rechargeable zinc/halide cells are mfd by the process. @(5pp)
Manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material sealed in zinc casing through separator. The separator is composed of paper material on which paste material contg. ester-type polyethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, in which addition mol. number of ethylene oxide is at least 8, is applied.    The manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material consisting of mixt. of active substance principally composed of manganese dioxide and electrolyte, which is sealed in zinc casing through separator. The surfactant was added in the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   In storage, corrosion of zinc is sufficiently suppressed for practical use, without amalgamation treatment with mercury.    In an example, 30 wt. parts of natural manganese dioxide, 50 wt. parts of electrolytic manganese dioxide, and 20 wt. parts of acetylene black were mixed. Electrolyte consisting of 100 wt. parts of water, 35 wt. parts of ZnCl2, and 5 wt. parts of NH4Cl was added to the mixed powder to prepare the anodic mixed material. For the paste material, 20 wt. parts of corn starch, 5 wt. parts of 50% ZnCl2 aq. soln., 5 wt. parts of 25% NH4Cl, and 70 wt. parts of water were mixed. Then 0.25 wt.% of the surfactant of formula (I) was added to the mixt. where m is addition mol number of ethylene oxide. The paste was applied on the paper separator. Dry cell was made of the anodic mixed material, the separator and zinc casing.
(US7454608-N)      Moisture content and temp. of hydrogen and oxygen gases is regulated during their passage through a fuel cell incorporating a solid polymer membrane. At least one of the gases traverses a first flow field adjacent the solid polymer membrane, where chemical reactions occur to generate an electric current.    A second flow field is located sequential with the first flow field and incorporates a membrane for effective water transport. A control fluid is then circulated adjacent hte second membrane on the face opposite the fuel cell gas where moisture is either transported from the control fluid to humidify a fuel gas e.g. H2 or to the control fluid to prevent excess water build-up in the oxidiser gas, e.g. O2.    ADVANTAGE -   Evapn. of water into the control gas, and the control gas temp. act to control the fuel cell gas temps.. (37pp)
(DE3918190-C)      Process for removing H2 bubbles and/or dissolved H2 from water comprises treatment with a Pd - or Pt-coated metal structure (e.g. fine particles, capillaries, sieves, foam, etc) which adsorbs H2 and/or treatment with a semipermeable membrane. Typical metal alloys are prepd. from metals of IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, IIA, VIII and IB e.g. Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cu or Ag with a 10-100 nm coating of Pd or Pt.    USE -   Process is applicable to the removal of H2 from process water ultilised in nuclear power stations. (8pp)
(GB2232003-B)      In the making of an electrochemical cell comprising a ceramic solid electrolyte separator located in a metal housing, the separator dividing the interior of the housing into two electrode compartments, the separator being connected to an electrically insulating ceramic insulator, and the housing being connected to the insulator, a method whereby a metal member is hermetically connected to the insulator by: applying a metallised coating to part of the surface of the insulator at a position where said metal member is to be connected to the insulator; bringing the metal member into the position in which it is to be connected to the insulator, with the metal member in contact with or closely spaced from the part of the surface which is metallised; and electrodepositing a deposit of a suitable metal on to the metal member and on to the metallised part of the surface of the insulator, to form a hermetic connection between the metal member and the insulator.
Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd.
(US5110516-A)      Producing lead wire of hard C comprises (1) uniformly mixing and dispersing a mixt. compsn. comprising a monomer or a precondensate of furan resin, binder contg. Cl-contg. vinyl resin. Cl-contg. vinyl resin being the only ingredient that is carbonised after calcining, and C powder; (2) applying high shearing force to mixt. compsn.; (3) moulding compsn. to obtain a preliminary moulding; (4) extrusion moulding the preliminary moulding in rod shape; (5) insolubilising and infusibilising the rod-shaped moulding; and (6) calcining the rod shaped moulding in an inert gas atmos..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Lead wires for supplying power to fuel battery, having excellent corrosion resistance against electrolyte in fuel battery, light wt., high hardness and high mechanical strength.    (GB2231560-B)      A process for producing electrical lead wires of hard carbon comprising the steps of mixing carbon powder with binder containing as main ingredients monomer or precondensate of furan resin and a chlorine-containing vinyl resin, uniformly mixing and kneading the resulting mixture, extrusion moulding the kneaded composition to form a rod, insolubilising and infusibilising the rod, and then calcining and carbonising the rod in an inert atmosphere.
(JP2526659-B2)      A zinc-bromine battery contains an electrolyte which is circulated from an electrolyte tank into the main body of the battery during charging and discharging. During charging, the best negative value is used for electrometric analysis of the zinc. Bromine generated by the anode reacts with a bromine complexing agent to go into soln. in the electrolyte, where it returns to the anode electrolyte tank. During discharge, the zinc is oxidised, and the bromine complex circulated around the battery body.    The battery is charged in the discharging direction, and bromine supply is stopped, and the battery voltage set to OV, so that after the current has been passed in the discharging direction, and bromine removed from the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrode or separator deterioration due to bromine attack is prevented, the battery maintains charge for a long time, and warpage of the electrode is prevented.
(US5175061-A)      In the high temp. fuel cell, 02 is supplied to the cathode in the form of an 02-contg. gas mixed with a CO2-contg. gas. The 02-contg. gas is at least 99.5% 02. A cathode exhaust gas contg. 02 and CO2 is withdrawn from the cathode, cooled, compressed to the pressure of the cathode chamber and employed at least partially as the CO2- and 02-contg. gas by a recycling system. The 02-contg. gas is obtd. by low temp. air sepn.    ADVANTAGE -   As no N2 needs to be discharged, a much lower proportion of CO2 is lost than in the prior art. Cell efficiency is improved.
(US5079103-A)      The appts. comprises (a) a high temp. fuel cell with anode and cathode chambers and a molten carbonate electrolyte, (b) CO2 sepg. means comprising a scrubber communicating with the anode chamber (c) means to increase the pressure of a sepd. component stream from the scrubber, (d) a recycle conduit means communicating with the pressure increasing means and anode chamber to permit gas to be recycled to the cathode chamber, (e) hydrogen sepn. means comprising a PSA means communicating with the scrubber to separate H2 from residual gas withdrawn from the scrubber, (f) a natural gas desulphurising means upstream of the anode, used as a hydrogen source, and (g) conduit means from the H2 sepn. means into the desulphurisation means.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved efficiency of utilisation of the anode waste gas. @(5pp)@
(JP2650160-B2)      Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit.
(JP94037292-B2)      Porous lithium aluminate particles are produced by combining a smaller number of silica particles and a larger number of alumina particles to form larger particles; heating the larger particles in Li-contg. carbonate at 500-1000 deg. C to dissolve the silica particles in the carbonate to form lithium aluminate larger particles with pores; and cooling the larger particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Larger porous lithium aluminate particles having a desired pore size can be obtd. simply. Used to produce an electrolyte plate for molten carbonate fuel cells.
(JP2619947-B2)      Fuel cell power generator has an electric heater, a heat circulation system, a branch circulation system, and a cooler. Cooling water is circulated through the cooling system. Steam (3) is used in a heat circulating system (21) to raise the temperature of the storage water, to a suitable value to start the fuel cell at an electric heater (22). The temperature of the storage water is controlled. The circulatory system (10) is branded with a cross-valve 915). The cooler cools water at time of stoppage of the fuel cell. Control of the fuel cell inlet port circulating water is carried out. A piping connection of outflow of the cooling water of a cross-valve temperature control valve is carried out between the cross valve of the cooling water circulating system and steam. There is also a piping connection of the outflow of the cooling water of another side carried out between steam of a cooling water system, and a pump (23).    USE -   Cooling type fuel cell system is used in electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Problems due to enlargement of temperature gradient of the fuel cells, leading to reduction of engine performance, are eliminated.
(JP2526284-B2)      The battery is held at a temp. greater than the electrolyte fusing point. A small gas purge of dissolving carbonate is performed initially on the anode then the cathode. Purge gas contains the dissolving carbonate along with one from nitrogen, argon or helium. A large gas purge is perforated at a specified time prior to electricity generation using a gas comprising dissolving carbonate and carbon dioxide gas.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Batteries. Battery life is enhanced, high battery performance.
(US4990286-A)      New zinc oxyfluoride cpd. (I) has the formula ZnO1-xFx in which x ranges from 0.001 to 0.1, pref. 0.002 to 0.02, esp. 0.005 to 0.01.    Pref. cpd. (I) is in the form of a film. Cpd. (I) is made by forming a vapour mixt. of volatile zinc-contg., oxygen-contg. and fluorine-contg. cpds.; and exposing the vapour mixt. to a heated substrate, to deposit a film of cpd. (I) on the substrate. Pref. the zinc cpd. is diethyl zinc; the oxygen cpd. is ethanol; and the fluorine cpd. is hexafluoropropene or nitrogen trifluoride.    USE -   Cpd. (I) is useful in a liq. crystal display device, a transparent electrode or an electrochemically adjustable device, e.g. a window or mirror. @(6pp)@    (JP4506505-W)      A cpd. is claimed, of the formula ZnO1-xFx, where x = 0.001-0.1. Mfr. of the cpd. comprises: (1) forming a vapour mixt. of volatile Zn-contg. O-contg. and F-contg. cpds.; and (2) exposing the mixt. to a heated substrate, to deposit a film of the cpd. on the substrate. In the formula, x is pref. 0.002-0.2 esp. 0.005-0.01. The volatile Zn-contg. cpd. is a dialkyl zinc, pref. diethyl zinc. The volatile O-contg. cpd. is an alcohol, pref. ethanol. The volatile F cpd. is a fluorocarbon (most pref. hexafluoropropene), or nitrogen trifluoride.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The films have high visible transparency, high electrical conductivity and high UV absorption. These properties make them suitable for use in liq. crystal display devices, solar cells, electrochromic absorbers and reflectors, energy conserving heat mirrors, and anti-static coatings.
(US5051324-A)      Flattened solid electrolyte, envelope e.g. of beta alumina, for use as an electrode holder in an electrochemical cell, is mfd. from sheets (14) of a mouldable mixture of the solid electrolyte with binder having thermoplastic properties and binder having setting properties. The sheets are formed into a laterally flattened envelope, joined along peripheral edges, inside which a corrugated panel (16) of beta alumina is placed before assembly, the whole being sintered.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Anode holder for molten Na in a rechargeable electrochemical cell, reinforced against compression damage.    (DE4010907-C2)      Prodn. of solid electrolyte material sleeve comprises: (a) forming mouldable mixt. of particulate solid electrolyte material or precursor material, binder with thermoplastic property, and binder with binding property; (b) moulding into a strip; (c) moulding into sleeve; (d) forming distance spacers and reinforcing agents between main surfaces of sleeve; (e) hardening; (f) heating; and (g) sintering to form sintered body.    USE -   An electrode holder in an electrochemical cell, esp. an electrochemical high temp. cell.
(JP2640372-B2)      The method comprises contacting H with one electrode of an ionic conductor having catalytic electrodes, and an aromatic cpd. and O2 with the other electrode to obtain a partial oxide of the aromatic cpd. by fuel cell system.    Pref., the method includes making Cu, Fe and/or Sn exist with the aromatic cpd.. The method including that the catalytic electrodes comprise Pd, Pt and/or Au, or its cpd. or a mixt. of them. Pref., the cathode comprises Pd or Au and reaction temp. is (-)5-150 deg.C..    ADVANTAGE -   The method produces a partial oxide of an aromatic cpd., e.g. phenols, quinones, etc., under mild conditions by a direct single step without other auxiliary materials, a lot of by-prods. and danger of explosion. The electric power can be obtd. by the method as required.
(US5064951-A)      Naphthalocyanine derivs. of formula (I) are new. In (I), each X is P(=O)RR', where R and R' are each OH, alkoxy, alkyl or aryl; M is a divalent metal, =M'O, =M'Cl2 or =M"Cl, where M' is a tetravalent metal and M" is a trivalent metal; or M is replaced by H,H.    Cpds. (I) are chemically stable, very soluble in organic solvents, and absorb strongly in the near infrared.    USE -   Cpds. (I) are dyes for optical discs, compact discs, laser printers, laser data retrieval systems, electrophotographic photosensitive units, etc. @(25pp)@    (US5149847-A)      A naphthalocyanine intermediate cpd. is of formula (I), where X is (II) and where R1 and R2 are hydroxyl, 1-10C alkyl, phenyl or ethoxy. Prepn. of (I) comprises reacting 3- or 4-bromo-o-xylene with phosphine oxide or phosphite to form an X substd.-o-xylene of formula (III), where X is as above, reacting it with N-bromosuccinimide to form cpd. (IV) and then reacting (IV) with fumaronitrile of formula (V).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as dyestuff, having good light stability and has excellent fastness.    (JP2541656-B2)      Novel naphthalocyanine cpds. are of formula (I). In (I), X = gp. P(=O)(=R2)R1 (i); R1 and R2 = hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy. M = 2H, a metal atom, a metal oxide or chloride residue. Prepn. of cpd. (I) via a claimed intermediate of formula (II) is claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cpds. (I) are dyestuffs that strongly absorb light in the near infrared region. They are chemically stable and highly soluble in an organic solvent. These properties make them suitable for forming uniform recording medium layers without dissolving the substrate. They can be used in optical discs, compact discs, laser printers, etc. Cpds. (I) that absorb between 780-830nm are used in AlGaAs semiconductor lasers. The absorption spectrum is altered by a change in organic solvent.
Sealing material compsn. for cable, is mixt. of 100 wt. parts hydrophobic sealing basis material, 0.1-50 wt. parts water absorbing resin (A) and at least 0.1 wt. part cpd. (B) having general formula R2X-(-R1-X-)-n-R3 (1) where X=0 or N-R4, R1=alkylene group of 2-4C, R2,R3,R4=independently H or monovalent organic gp., and n=an 1-10,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is applied to optical cable, with high water swelling rate as it immediately stops aq. fluid penetrating the cable.
(US5009928-A)      Formation of transparent conductive metal oxide film with textured surface on substrate comprises steps of contacting heated substrate at first temp. with atomised or gasified metal contg. coating compsn. to form coated substrate with first metal oxide film deposited.    Coated substrate is heated to second v temp. higher than first temp. so second metal oxide film having deg. of crystal orientation in conformity with that of first metal oxide film can be formed. Coated substrate is then contacted with atomised or gasified metal-contg. coating compsn. to deposit second metal oxide film. Second metal oxide film is of same compsn. as that of first metal oxide film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As transparent electrode in solar cells. When Sn oxide is used as metal oxide resultant film has low specific resistance, good light transmittance and good deg. of orientation. Effect of confining light in film due to photoelectric conversion is enhanced. @(6pp)@    (JP93039918-B)      A raw material soln. is atomised and the resultant mist is transported to a heated base plate, otherwise a gaseous raw material is fed to a heated base plate, to form a metal oxide film. After forming a metal oxide film of good crystal orientation by heating the base plate, the oxide film formation is continued under a different condition so that the established crystalline orientation is succeeded in the additionally grown metal oxide film.    ADVANTAGE -   A metal oxide film with high orientation and good characteristics can be obtd. readily, without strict control of the conditions. (J02258691-A)
(US5085753-A)      A water purifier comprises a buoyant housing, supporting solar photovoltaic cell and a number of electrodes. The electrodes include an anode and a cathode, the cathode being a spiral wound wire supported by the housing while the anode is enclosed by the cathode and the anode is supported by the device. A suitable substrate supports the solar cell and includes a mechanism for providing suitable conductive connections between the solar cell and an anode conductive connection and a cathode conductive connection, including a conductive ring on the bottom of the substrate. An aperture is defined by the buoyant housing and receives a conductive bolt to which the anode is removably attached as well as connected to the cell.    USE -   For destroying bacteria and algae.    (8pp)
(JP2647946-B2)      Method comprises (1) mixing a hydrophobic organic substance, and a ferrocene deriv. as the micelle-forming agent, with a non-aq. solvent; (2) drying the mixt.; (3) adding the dry prod. to an aq. media to prepare a micelle soln.; and (4) applying electricity to the mixt. to deposit a thin film of the hydrophobic organic substance on the electrode.    Pref. the micelle-forming agent is added pref. for 0.5-5 mM. Electricity is applied to the mixt. pref. at 5-40 deg.C, at 0.1-0.7 V, for 15 min. to 2 hrs.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides partic., thin (mono-dispersed) organic thin films useful as materials for optical discs, optical memories, PHB's, light-sensitive materials, photochromic materials, colour filters, solar cells, electronic materials, and coating materials.
(JP94008515-B2)      Method comprises mixing (a) a soln. prepd. by dissolving a hydrophobic organic substance in non-aq. solvent, (b) an aq. media, and (c) a ferrocene deriv. as the micelle-forming agent; and applying electricity to the mixt. to deposit thin film of the hydrophobic organic substance on the electrode.    Pref. the micelle-forming agent is added pref. for 0.5-5 mM. Electricity is applied to the mixt. pref. 20-30 deg.C at 0.1-0.5 V.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides partic. thin (mono-dispersed) organic thin films useful as materials for optical discs, optical memories, PHB's, light sensitive materials, photochromic materials, colour filters, solar cells, electronic materials and coating materials. (J02200797-A)
(JP2762508-B2)      Compact has the compsn. 6-10 mol% Y2O3, 8-12 mol% TiO2, and balance ZrO2, and comprises internally cubic grains having tetragonal phase.    The compact is made by compacting powder comprising 6-10 mol% Y2O3, 8-12 mol% TiO2, and balance ZrO2, firing the compact at 1400-1600 deg.C, hot isostatic pressing the sintered compact, and ageing in oxidising atmos. at 1000-1500 deg.C.    USE ADVANTAGE -   For oxygen sensors, oxygen pressure measuring cells, and fuel cells, having excellent oxygen ion conductivity.
(US4968384-A)      Producing a carbon-doped, amorphous Si film upon a substrate comprises (1) depositing a carbon-doped, amorphous Si layer by plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition on the substrate, including the subsidiary step of generating a glow discharge in a gaseous mixture of silane and a hydrocarbon; and (2) exposing the deposited layer to a plasma in a gas contg. hydrogen, to obtain a resultant layer no thicker than 0.8 nm.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   To produce a material with a large optical band-gap, the window layer of an amorphous solar battery. The doped Si film produced has a photoconductivity which is the same as, or greater than, that of a low-defect, carbon-free amorphous Si film produced by conventional plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition. (First major country equivalent to J02197117-A) @(6pp Dwg.No.2/3)@
(US5006425-A)      Fuel cell reforming catalyst temp. is controlled by: detecting the temp. of the catalyst during operation; detecting any current flow from cell to load; setting a value for the catalyst temp. that may vary depending upon the load condition, as well as setting a range of temps. determined from the set value for the catalyst temp. based on variations in the load condition and the corresponding variations in catalyst temp; measuring any deviation between the set value and the detected temp.; and controlling the catalyst temp. when the deviation has fallen within the control range.    ADVANTAGE -   The temp. control sequence may be triggered at a time when the catalyst temp. is within the temp. control range, so that the sequence can be proceed stably and reliably and the temp. can be controlled with high precision. (First major country equivalent to J02197058-A) @(21pp Dwg.No.5/9)@    (JP2689638-B2)      The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm.
(JP2815112-B2)      Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes).
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes).
(US5071800-A)      An In oxide opt has a Sn oxide with an average particle size of 1-0.01 microns, a surface area of 15-50 sq m/g and a specific surface area of 2-5 sq m/g measured by particle size distribution.    The powder can be sintered to give a density of at least 5.3 g/cub cm and a specific resistance of 2 x 10 power microns 3 to 2 x 10 power micro 4 ohmo/cm. The powder is prepd using a pulveriser with a controlled vibration pulveriser.    ADVANTAGE -   Bodies made from the powder have high thermal conductivity and resistance to cracking under thermal shock. It can be used as a sputtering target for the deposition of transparent electroconductive films. @(15pp)    (JP94068935-B2)      In oxide or In/Sn oxide powder has a particle size 0.01-1 micron, BET surface 15-50 sq.in/g. and a particle dia. distribution specific surface area of 2-5 sq.m/g.    A pref. material is ITO contg. 80-98 wt.% In2O3, balance SnO2. The material is prepd. by co-pptn. of In and Sn salts, and calcining at 300-800 deg.C. The material is then pref. vibration pulverised.    USE -   Used in mfr. of sintered, high density, low resistance sputter targets for sputtering high quality ITO films (claimed). Used in transparent electrode or touch panel of solar cell or LCD.    (JP95029770-B2)      In oxide or In/Sn oxide powder has a particle size 0.01-1 micron, BET surface 15-50 sq.in/g. and a particle dia. distribution specific surface area of 2-5 sq.m/g. A pref. material is ITO contg. 80-98 wt.% In2O3, balance SnO2. The material is prepd. by co-pptn. of In and Sn salts, and calcining at 300-800 deg.C. The material is then pref. vibration pulverised.    USE -   In mfr. of sintered, high density, low resistance sputter targets for sputtering high quality ITO films (claimed). Used in transparent electrode or touch panel of solar cell or LCD.
(US5024905-A)      A Pt alloy electrocatalyst comprising an electroconductive carrier having an external deposit of a quat. ordered alloy contg. (%) 40-70 Pt, 9-27 Fe, 9-27 Co and 9-27 Cu. The allpy pref. has a face centered cubic structure and is deposited on a conductive carbon carrier with a crystallite size of not more than 50 Angstroms.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrocatalyst is esp. suitable for use as a fuel cell electrode where it provides high activity and an extended working life. @(13pp)    (JP94097615-B2)      Electrocatalyst comprises a conductive carrier and a Pt-Fe-Co-Cu quaternary ordered alloy of (in at.%): 40-70% Pt, 9-27% Fe, 9-27% Co and 9-27% Cu, dispersed in and on the carrier. Pref. the alloy has an average crystallite size not above 100 Angstrom, esp. not above 50 Angstrom, and is dispersed on a conductive C powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In an acid electrolyte fuel cell. Catalyst has high activity and long active life. @(19pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
(US5016562-A)      Modulator continuous vapour deposition system for depositing amorphous Si on discrete sheets of substrate, e.g., glass, comprises a conveyor system (32) for transporting the substrate (12) through a system of an entrance lock module (14), an isolation module (16), a P-type deposition module (18), a second isolation module (20), a number of I-type deposition modules (22), a third isolation module (24), an N-type deposition module (26), a fourth isolation module (28), and an exit load lock module (30). A separate conveyor (34) is associated with a number of modules.    ADVANTAGE -   Continuous method of deposition on discrete substrates. @(13pp)@
(JP2730949-B2)      High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K.
(JP95115844-B2)      The C0 conversion reactor comprises a casing having a water vapour reforming gas inlet at one end plate and reformed gas outlet at the other end plate, and cooling pipe set in the casing charged with a conversion catalyst.    USE -   For feeding H-rich gases into fuel cells.
(JP93055450-B)      Prepn. of Gps. I, III and VI cpds. comprises preparing a soln. of an alcohol-soluble Gp. I metal cpd., an alcohol-soluble Gp. III metal cpd. and an alcohol-soluble Gp. VI metal cpd. all dissolved together in an alcohol and heating the alcohol soln. in an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a fired prod. until evapn. is substantially completed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cpds. obtd. can be used in solar cells as semiconductor materials. In partic., CuInSe2 thin films can be produced easily in large quantities.    In an example, in a silica tube, 1 pt. of 0.1 mol/l CuCl2 soln., 1 pt. of 0.1 mol/l InCl3 soln. and 2 pts. of 0.2 mol/l H2SeO3 soln., all dissolved in isopropyl alcohol, were mixed so that the ratio of Cu to In to Se became 1:1:4. The silica tube contg. the mixt. was placed in a tube furnace, heated in a N2 stream at 400 deg.C and cooled. By X-ray diffraction, the fired prod. was identified as CuInSe2. When the mixt. was heated at 150 deg.C, CuInSe2 was not formed. (J02180715-A)
(JP10177955-A)      The method involves forming a silicon layer on an insulated non-crystalline base (101). The silicon layer (102) is subjected to annealing process by raising the temperature to 700- 800degC for a fixed time.    USE -   For bipolar transistor in optoelectric transducer, solar battery, optical sensor such as contacting type image sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Forms polycrystalline silicon layer reliably. Offers highly efficient transistor.    (US6235563-B1)      Disclosed are a semiconductor device on an insulating substrate and a method for its mfr. whereby a polycrystalline film with large grains and a high crystallised vol. fraction is readily obtd. The semiconductor layer of polycrystalline silicon contains impurities e.g. boron, of 1 x 10 power 15 to 1 x 10 power 19 cm -3 in at least one active region and includes grains of a size of at least 1 micron and pref. of at least 2 micron. Pref. the device in an insulated gate type device in which the active region is a channel region.    The method of forming the device has the essential steps of forming noncrystalline silicon film on an insulating substrate by plasma CVD, and then thermally treating the noncrystalline film to induce solid phase recrystallisation. Optionally, a second thermal treatment is used the second treatment being at a higher temp. than the first e.g. 700-1200 deg.C and with the rate of temp. increase not exceeding 20 deg./Cmin. This second heat treatment rate of temp. increase not exceeding 20 deg.C/min. This second heat treatment is also part of a process of forming a gate insulation film by thermal oxidn. In an alternative procedure a first silicon layer is formed on an insulating substrate, a second silicon layer is formed on the first silicon layer and then a heat treatment is used to cause crystal growth in both silicon layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polycrystalline silicon film structure can be used for TET insulating gate type FETs bipolar transistors.
(JP2791568-B2)      Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method.
(JP2715500-B2)      Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method.
(JP2726463-B2)      (219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.
(DE3914426-C2)      Hybrid drive machine comprises a high temp. superconductor electromotor (8,9,10,11) and a combustion engine (5,7). The electromotor is cooled by the same liq. hydrogen with which the combustion engine is driven.    The electromotor acts as a magnetocalorific hydrogen liquefier, which recycles the thermally regenerated liq. hydrogen back into the cycle.    USE -   To operate a vehicle.
(JP2585770-B2)      Fuel battery has a passage which introduces reaction gas to the interior surface of an electrode. The direction of the gas flow can be reversed.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has uniform temp. distribution and longer life. Temp. of gas at the inlet port can be controlled.
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses.
(US4981763-A)      Electrochemical single battery comprises a pair of electrode pairs which are mutually opposed to be the electrodes where the electrochemical reaction is effected, and reaction layers (22, 23) positioned between the electrodes to carry out the electrochemical reaction. The reaction layer (22, 23) protrude alternately (22a, 23a) in the same direction from one electrode part slantwise towards the other electrode part. An electrolyte layer (21) is interposed between the reaction layers (22, 23).    Electrochemical single battery is produced by forming reaction sheets (22, 23) on both surfaces of a planar electrolyte layer sheet (21) and laminating the sheets. The reaction sheets (22, 23) are smaller than the electrolyte sheet (21). The laminated sheets are shaped into the form of bellows. The bellows shaped laminate sheet is pressed from a slant direction with respect to the sheet surface.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The battery is used as fuel cell. It has increased reaction area to augment its output density. (First major country equivalent to J02162653-A) @(10pp Dwg.No.1/14)@    (JP2797352-B2)      Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses.
(JP95033242-B2)      Reforming of fuels for fuel cells in which the raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst and steam-reformed to H-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells. Heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube such that by adding O or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer so as to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and using as reforming catalysts those in which Rh is supported on porous catalyst supports made of heat-resisting inorganic substances contg. as a principal component a single substance such as zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and aluminium oxide or their mixts..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The raw material gases contg. hydrocarbons as principal components can be steam-reformed to H-enriched gases for fuel cells efficiently by heating the reforming catalyst layer internally by partial oxidn. of hydrocarbons and using highly active Rh/ZrO2 catalysts at low temps..
(JP95025521-B2)      The raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components, are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst, and reformed to hydrogen-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells by heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube. Method comprises adding oxygen or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and at the same time heating externally the reforming catalyst layer through catalytic combustion of low calorie gases which contain the off-gas from the fuel cells as principal components.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The low calorie offgas from the fuel cells can be combusted stably through catalytic combustion. Heat is supplemented internally by the partial oxidn. which takes place in the catalyst layer of the reaction tube.
(JP95033241-B2)      Methanol is vaporised and steam-reformed followed by the purificn. of hydrogen, by supplying methanol and water to separate evaporators and using the gas obtd. by catalytic combustion of the off-gas generated in the hydrogen purificn. for evaporating the water initially, for reforming the methanol and then for evaporating the methanol.    ADVANTAGE -   Since water and methanol are supplied separately to separate evaporators, energy at low levels can be recovered and utilised efficiently.
(JP2511128-B2)      Lanthanum chromite double oxide is produced by admixing Bi2O3 with the perovskite-type oxide of La1-xSrxCr1-yMgyO3 (x and y are 0 or more but less than 1) and firing the mixt. at 1200-1400 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Dense lanthanum chromite double oxide with over 90% of apparent sintering deg. can be obtd. even by 1300 deg.C. sintering, which is used as an interconnector of solid oxide fuel cells.    In an example, LaCa0.9Mg0.1O3 was prepd. by mixing 0.5 mol. La2O3, 0.45 mol. Cr2O3 and 0.1 mol. MgO powders with a ball mill for 2 hrs.; drying and firing at 1400 deg.C for 24 hrs. in air; pulverizing into powders 1 micron average dia. The LaCa0.9Mg0.1O3 powders and 2-40 mol.% Bi2O3 powders were mixed and press-moulded at 100 kg/cm2 into pellets, which were further subjected to 1500 kg/cm2 isotropic hydrostatic pressing for 3 min., and fired at 1300 deg.C. for 5 hrs.
(US5034288-A)      Fuel cell elements, each consisting of a plane, flat sheet, are stacked on top of one another and electrically connected in series such that in each case the O electrode of one element is connected to the fuel electrode of the next. The connector is a bipolar plate of metallic, ceramic or cermet material, provided on both sides with studs or ribs which are aligned when seen perpendicularly to the plane of the plate, and the resulting cavities between the plate and unlike electrodes of neighbouring fuel cells form channels for the flow of gaseous media. The connector is Ni or Pt alloy, an electroconductive carbide or perovskite, or a Zr oxide/Ni cermet.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The high temp. solid electrolyte of stabilised Zr oxide achieves max. possible power in a min. space (claimed). Industrial prodn. is cost effective. Used for large power units. @(10pp)@
(JP2774981-B2)      Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
(JP2564634-B2)      V5-D6B
(JP2819298-B2)      Sheet matrix for use in fuel cells comprising a first layer being a mixt. of carbon powder having a low-structure as defined by having a dibutyl phthalate adsorption capability of no more than 50ml. per 100g/ of powder and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin, and a second layer comprising a mixt. of a non-carbon inert inorganic cpd. and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin. The layers are combinedf to form a sheet matrix.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sheet matrix is self-supporting and exhibits low electrolyte adsorption and high mechanical strength. It is also resistant to bowing and cracking and hence a high-bubble pressure can be maintained.
(US7284222-N)      A Gp. III-V or II-VI cpd. semiconductor is passivated by growing an ultra-thin layer of passivating material on its surface having a lattice constant mismatched to that of the semiconductor. Layer is grown to a thickness sufficient to maintain a coherent interface between the material and semiconductor.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Useful in photovoltaic applications. Devices mfd. from the prod. are low cost and are readily constructed.    (13pp)
Alkali cell having a Zn alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyglycerol fatty acid ester which is added to 100 wt.pts. of Zn alloy. Opt. a negative electrode activator (NEA) for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyglycerol fatty acid ester which is coated on surface of Zn alloy powders of 100 wt.pts.    Pref. high purity Zn alloy is amalgamated to compsn. (contg. 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In, 0.1 wt.% Hg), the powders is mixed with toluene of which hexaglycerolester stearate is dissolved, toluene is vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated Zn alloy powders as NEA. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% KOH aq. soln., 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali Mn cell is mfd. with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of NEA and electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of MnO2 and conductor).    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained in even fairly lower Hg content of Zn alloy powders as up to 0.2 wt.%.
(JP95061842-B2)      The device comprises a reformer tube in a reactor chamber, and a burner at the upper centre of the chamber. The burner is composed of an exhaust fuel gas supply passage, a primary air supply passage, a sec. air supply passage, and a cooling air supply passage.    USE -   Temp. distribution is controlled by adjusting quantity of prim. and sec. air. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/4)@
(US5039579-A)      Appts. comprises molten carbonate fuel cell comprises (a) molten fuel cell having impregnated electrolyte tile between anode and cathode in respective chambers; (b) anode gas feed and exhaust gas lines connected with inlet and outlet of fuel cell; (c) cathode gas feed and exhaust line connected to cathode chamber of fuel cell; (d) fuel gas feed into anode feed line; (e) fuel gas and stream reformer; (f) carbon dioxide separator to remove dioxide from anode exhaust; (g) line for recirculating anode exhaust gas into reformer; and (h) device to feed sepd. carbon dioxide gas into cathode feed line.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Produces electrical power using molten carbonate fuel cell, to convert chemical energy of fuel to electrical power. Improves efficiency of power prodn. @(12pp)@    (US5068159-A)      Electric power is produced by (a) sepg.CO2 from an anode exhaust gas, (b) recirculating the anode exhaust gas after sepn. into the anode chamber, and (c) feeding the CO2 into the cathode chamber. CH4 is steam reformed to obtain the anode gas. The exhausted gas after sepn. is fed into the reformer together with the fuel gas and steam, then recirculated to the anode chamber.    Pref. (a) is by vapour-liq. contact with a CO2-absorbing liq. e.g. aq. alkali salt, aq. amine soln. etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in a molten carbonate type fuel cell (claimed). Improved power-producing efficiency. @(12pp)@
(US5258241-A)      A rebalance cell for a Cr/Fe redox storage system for the redn. of Fe3+ ions by means of H comprises a gas chamber for H2, a liq. chamber for Fe3+ electrolyte, and a catalyst sepg. the gas and liq. chambers. The catalyst is in the form of hydrophobised activated charcoal coated with one of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Ag. The catalyst is pref. a mat of activated charcoal and PTFE coated with Pt in amt. 0.1-2 mg/cm2. The side of the mat facing the gas chamber has a porous hydrophobic film.    ADVANTAGE -   Redn. of the Fe3+ ions is accelerated, allowing practical application of the system.
(JP2791951-B2)      When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided.
(JP2789201-B2)      When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided.
(JP2708820-B2)      The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional).
(JP2813355-B2)      The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional).
(US5024907-A)      Surface finish process comprises: (a) compression moulding green body in shape of tube; (b) bisque firing and calcining green body of (a) to form intermediate body in shape of tube; (c) firing intermediate body to form fired body; and mechanically finishing body outer surface after (a) or (b) so outer body has roughness value x.    Roughness value X is arithmetical means of deviation of profil    (EP375192-B1)      A solid electrolyte tube (4) for a sodium sulphur cell, having a first surface (4b) which in said cell is contacted by sodium and a second surface (4a) which in said cell is contacted by S or Na2Sx, characterised in that said second surface (4a) has a surface roughness defined by an arithmetical mean deviation of the profile (Ra) not exceeding 2.0 micron and a maximum height of the profile (Rmax) not exceeding 15 micron.    (JP2535394-B2)      Solid electrolyte tube for Na/S cells has a surface roughness with a mean profile deviation of not above 2.0 micron and a max. profile height not above 15 micron. The surface finish is imparted to the tube at the green body, pre-firing, calcining or fully firing stage using a surface finishing tool.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte tube has enhanced reliability and durability.
(JP2615935-B2)      Manufacturing an electrolyte plate for a fusion carbonate fuel battery comprising a matrix impregnated with electrolyte and having each side connected to an electrode, comprises: forming fine lithium aluminate particles as a support grain; mixing them with larger matrix reinforcing porous lithium aluminates additive; forming the plate; and impregnating the electrolyte plate with fusion carbonate.    USE -   Used to manufacture fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The lithium aluminate porous additive reduce crack penetration in the electrolyte plate, allowing constant battery output, with no risk of explosion.
(JP2733846-B2)      A reformer for fuel cells comprises multicylindrical catalyst layers (4a,4b) and heating layers (5a,5b,5c) placed between neighbouring catalyst layers to arrange the catalyst layers and the heating layers alternately.    USE -   Used to produce miniaturised reformers for fuel cells having a high thermal efficiency.
(JP2733845-B2)      A reformer for fuel cells comprises a heater (2), a pipe-shaped evaporator having an evaporating part (1a) and a superheating part (1b) which is used to supply raw material to reactors after evaporating raw materials, and reactors (3a,3b) having catalyst layers (4a,4b). The evaporating part is spirally wound in a flat form and placed between the heater and the catalyst layers. The superheating part is spirally wound in a cylinder form and placed in a heating layer (5a) between the catalyst layers.    USE -   To remove a sepg. wall between the catalyst layers and heaters.
(JP95000483-B2)      Reformer comprises temp. sensors to detect temp. of reforming catalyst in a reforming reactor, an integrating meter to integrate raw materials supplied to the reformer and an arithmetical unit to predict the life of reforming catalyst from results from the temp. sensors and the integrating meter.    USE -   Used to predict life of reforming catalyst used to produce H2-rich gas used in a fuel cell power generation plant.
(JP2569769-B2)      The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoing treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd.
(JP2564630-B2)      The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd.
(US5055416-A)      The method comprises anodically etching any exposed portions of the metal layer after deposition of amorphous Si and prior to application of a transparent conductive layer, to prevent shorts or shunts being formed in the cell. The conductive metal is Al, Ni, Ag, Sn or stainless steel. The etching is done with an aq. NH4OH alkaline soln. The conductive metal layer is interposed between an insulating substrate and the p-layer of the cell. The transparent layer overlies the n-layer.    ADVANTAGE -   Free from shorts and shunts. @(8pp)@
(US4940495-A)      Light transmitting electrically conductive stacked film deposited on a semiconductor comprises (a) a first light transmitting electrically conductive layer, in conductive contact with the semiconductor, having a first optical thickness, (b) a second light transmitting layer having a second optical thickness, different from the optical thickness of layer (a); and c) an electrically conductive metallic layer interposed between and in intimate contact with layers (a) and (b). Pref. the resistivity of the film is less than 15 ohms. per square.    USE -   New stacked film is useful as a light transmitting electrode. @(9pp)@
(US5093214-A)      Thin carbon plate is obtd. by forming a polycarbodiimide resin (I) into a thin plate, and then carbonising the plate.    Pref. (I) is a homo- or co-polymer comprising at least one kind of recurring unit of formula -R-N=C=N- in which R is an organic diisocyanate residue, pref. an aliphatic-, alicyclic-, araliphatic- or, esp. an aromatic diisocyanate residue (II). Pref. residue (II) has the formula (IIA),(IIB) or (IIC); in which R1,R2,R3,R4,R5 and R6 are each H, halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; and Y is a direct bond, lower alkylene, O or S.    USE -   Plate is suitable for use as a fuel cell separator.    (JP2725705-B2)      A thin carbon plate is claimed which is obtd. by forming a polycarbodiimide resin (opt. in admixt. with polycarbodiimide fibres) into a thin plate and carbonising it.    The polycarbodiimide for both the resin and the fibres (if used) pref. has repeat units of formula (I) where R = an org. polyicosyanate residue.    USES/ADVANTAGES -   The plate can be used directly as a separator for (pref. phosphoric acid-type) fuel cells and has high mechanical. Strength (esp. when the fibres are present in the starting material) and high gas impermeability.
(US4988580-A)      Fuel cell power system comprises: an H2 generator comprising a fuel reformer (7) and purifier (9); fuel cell power units (219 at sites remote from the H2 generator and operated according to demand; and H2 storage and distribution piping comprising a main pipe (11) connected to the H2 generator, branch pipes (13) connecting the main pipe to the power units and flow regulating valves (17) in the branch pipes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   System is able to respond smoothly and efficiently to variations in demand. (First major country equivalent to J02117072-A) @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(US7371144-N)      Combined coal gasifier, and fuel cell system comprises, in combination, a) a coal gasification means for endothermically reacting coal or coal char, in the presence of a catalyst and steam, in a reducing or oxygen-free atmos, for producing a gas prod stream comprising C0, C02 and H2, means a) being coupled via a conduit to anode and cathode of b) a molten carbon fuel cell. Gas sepg means c) are disposed along the conduit for receiving the gaseous prod stream, and sepg C02 from H2. the portion of the conduit between c) and b) comprises first and second conduits. The first conduit conveys H2 sepd in c) to the anode, while the second conduit conveys C02 sepd in c) to the cathode. The C02 and H2 so introduced into b), effect an electrochemical reaction in b), for producing an electrical output, while generating reaction prods, including steam, at the anode. A conduit couples the anode to a). A significant vol of C02 is also generated at the anode by the electrochemical reaction. This C02 is conveyed, with the steam, to a) for providing heat and a reducing or oxygen-free atmos used in a) for the endothermic reaction. Means a) provides a gaseous prod stream contg C02 and H2 at 1100-1300 deg F and at 1-6 atmos.    ADVANTAGE -   Overall efficiency of the fuel cell is greatly enhanced. @(23pp)
(JP2524820-B2)      Prodn of carbon composite for fuel cells involves bonding spaced parallel carbon electrodes to separator sheet and heating the junction in a non-oxidising atmos.    ADVANTAGE -   Processing time to form composite is reduced.
(JP2571108-B2)       A method for manufacturing a carbon member for fuel cells is disclosed. Separator base material is carbonised and formed into a concave shape after insertion of the electrode material. A material having a corrosion current density of 5 A/cm, carbon characteristic of less than 1, a thermal expansion coefficient of 3 10.6 C, a strength of 900 kg/cm2 , and gas permeability of 10.5 cc/cm2.min. is used as the separator material. A thermosetting type resin adhesive is applied to the concave part at the time of joining. Pref. the surface roughness of the concave part is more than 10 ^m RZ at the time of joining.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Phosphoric acid type fuel cells. Simple manufacturing process. Heat emission is always safe.
(JP2719363-B2)      Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma.
(JP2763043-B2)      Oxide superconductor thin film is formed by controlling vapour streams contg. metal elements generating from multi-source crucibles forcedly for a certain period in sequence by shutters equipped just above the crucibles. The vapour streams reach the substrate intermittently, for growing every atomic layers with the correspondence to a modulation structure of long period cpds..    USE -   For high-output magnets, Josephson devices, and SQUID's, as Cu-oxide system superconductors.
(US4992341-A)      An electrode for a molten carbonate fuel cell, comprises a dual porosity structure of randomly positioned electrode-active ceramic fibres, and ceramic fine particles sintered to the ceramic fibres.
(JP2771552-B2)      Prodn. of a superconductive wire material comprises: (a) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 700-900 deg.C, so that a superconductive thin membrane is formed on the gold substrate; (b) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 100-900 deg.C so that a precursor thin membrane is formed on it, and (c) heat-treating the membrane at 700-900 deg.C together with the substrate to be converted into a superconductive thin membrane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A superconductive wire material with good superconductive characteristics such as superconductive transition temp. etc. can be produced easily.
(JP2752101-B2)      In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd.
(EP369717-B1)      A solar cell comprising: a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate (100) having opposed first and second main surfaces; a second conductivity type semiconductor region (102) extending from a portion of said first main surface into said semiconductor substrate (100); a second conductivity type first semiconductor layer (203) which, produced on said first main surface of said semiconductor substrate (100) except for said portion of first main surface, produces a pn junction with said semi conductor substrate (100) having almost no reverse direction voltage blocking capability; a first conductivity type second semiconductor layer (204) produced on said first semiconductor layer (203); a first electrode (401, 402) provided so as to cover said semiconductor region (102) and which connects said second semiconductor layer (204) with said semiconductor region (102); and a second electrode (403) produced at the second main surface of said semiconductor substrate (100).
(US4997491-A)      A solar cell having a first type semiconductor substrate with a second conducting type region on part of its surface. A second conducting type semiconducting layer is applied to produce a pn junction with essentially no reverse breakdown voltage. A first conducting type second layer forms a photovoltic junction with the first layer.    A first electrode layer connects the second semiconductor layer to the first semiconductor region. A second electrode layer is applied to the second layer of the semiconductor substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   The device is resistant to reverse current damage which can occur when parts of a serially connected solar battery are shaded. It is relatively easy to produce the device. @(8pp)@    (US5009720-A)      Solar cell comprises a) a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type having opposed first and second major surfaces, b) a first region of a second conductivity type extending from a portion of the first major surface into a), c) a second region of the first conductivity type disposed within b) and including the first major surface, d) a photovoltaic section disposed on the first major surface and spaced from b) including a first compound semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type, and a second compound semiconductor layer of the second conductivity type, disposed on the first compound semiconductor layer, e) a diode section disposed within c) and including diode regions of the first and second conductivity type, f) a first electrode connecting the second compound semiconductor layer in reverse polarity to e) through c) and g) a second electrode disposed on the first major surface of a) whereby the diode region of first conductivity type is electrically connected to a).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cell is suitable for being connected in series with other like cells, to form a solar generator device which can produce a desired magnitude of output voltage. @(11pp)@
(US5106763-A)      Solar cells are fabricated by a method in which a dopant source (62) attached to a graphite holder (80) can be moved up and down parallel to a seed assembly stem (24), within a furnace enclosure (10). Ar gas is introduced into the furnace enclosure to flow upwards along a passageway (60) between a crucible susceptor and the furnace wall (13) and through holes (55, 57, 59) to contact the inner surface of the seed (58) and growing crystal. The dopant source is positioned at a height where the temp. is sufficient to drive dopant out of the source and to cause it to diffuse into the growing P-type Si body and form a shallow N zone.    ADVANTAGE -   Crystalline ribbons are produced which require no further trimming.    (US5156978-A)      Producing semiconductor bodies comprises (a) providing crystal growth appts.; (b) providing dopant source of specific conductivity and means to hold the dopant source; and (c) within furnace enclosure, growing hollow crystalline body having outer major surface, diffusing dopant into the surface and inert gas from source, past dopant away from end face. Growth appts. comprises (i) furnace enclosure, (ii) crucible and die assembly supported in enclosure, contg. semiconductor melt of first conductivity type; (iii) means to hold seed of specific cross-sectional configuration in contact with film of melt on end face; (iv) source of inert gas; (vi) hollow tubular inner after heater in container; and (vi) hollow outer surrounding seed when in contact with melt.    USE -   For producing hollow, crystalline, semiconductor bodies having photovoltaic junction.
(US4977041-A)      A fuel cell includes a cell element comprosing an electrolyte plate, an anode plate and a cathod plate, the electrolyte being sandwiched by the anode and the cathod plates. A separator plate possesses passages formed on the front and back faces so as to supply fuel gas to the anode plate of the cell element while supplying gaseous oxidiser to the cathode plate. The cell element and the separator plate are piled up one after the other, building several stages. The fuel cell also comprises for supplying/discharging the oxidiser gas of one separator may flow in the counter direction the oxidiser gas of the adjacent separator plate. A heat transfer assisting unit is disposed on the front and back faces of each separator so as to assist the heat transfer between the oxidizer gas and the fuel gas in the direction the separator plates and the cell elements are stacked.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces ups and downs in temperature distribution. @(15pp)@
(JP2621424-B2)      Control device for a fuel cell has a unit to control battery temperature of a cell stack. A voltmeter detects the output voltage of a fuel cell and an amperometer detects the load current. The relationship of the output voltage in the early stages of electricity generation and the load current detected is stored. Based on this relationship, the output voltage value to the load current detection value after the electricity generation first stage is produced as a desired value. A cooling is used to correct deviations from desired value.    USE -   Used to control fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Temperature of cell is controlled.
(JP2701153-B2)      Carbonyl cpd. is made contacting olefin and water to one electrode of ion conductor equipped with catalyst electrode, and oxidising cpd. to the other electrode by means of fuel cell system.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For making carbonyl cpd. such as aldehyde and ketone gps. using fuel cell system. The method facilitates sepn. of reaction prods. and catalyst, less expensive and simple reaction unit, no by-prods. such as Cl2-contg. cpd., no danger of explosion causing by olefin and oxygen reaction, and capable of utilising prod. and energy as electric power.    In an example, acetaldehyde was made by using a reactor equipped with an electrode-fitted ion conductor made by impregnating 85% aq. soln. of phosphoric acid in a disc form silica wool, and applying 10 mg Pd on the both sides of the disc wool, and by supplying ethylene, steam, and He with total flow rate of 33 ml/min. (12:1:20 ml/min. respectively) to the anode chamber, and 25 ml/min. O2 to cathode selectively in the anode chamber. The result obtd. was: 0.092 10 power(-6) mol/min. prodn. rate for 45 deg.C reaction temp., 0.27 mA current passed, with 96% selectiveness, and 102% current efficiency; and 0.981 x 10 power(-6) mol/min. for 122 deg.C and 3.95 mA, with 97% selectiveness and 101% current efficiency.
(JP94070148-B2)      Rough-surfaced polyester sheet comprises a rough-surfaced polyester sheet contg. many conical projections intimately in contact each other at least one surface. The projections contain big projections having a bottom circle dia. of 12-50 microns and a height of 0.3-0.7 times of the dia. and small projections having a bottom circle dia. of less than 12 microns and the area of the gig projections is more than 50%. The projections are formed by contacting with a polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol.    The polyester: polyethylene terephthalate. The polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol: hexafluoropropanol.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   It enables total reflectivity of visible lights to less than 30% and vertical reflectivity to less than 4%.
(JP2742796-B2)      Amorphous semiconductor thin film is formed by supplying raw material gas into a reaction chamber toward a substrate disposed in the chamber; irradiating electron beams from electron guns or ion beams from ion guns into the chamber, controlling the energy of the beams by controlling the acceleration voltage of the guns, decomposing the raw material gas by the energy of the beams to produce film forming radicals, and to form the thin film by reacting the produced radicals on the surface of the substrate.    USE -   For high-quality amorphous semiconductor thin film, improving conversion efficiency, e.g., in amorphous Si-colar cells.
(JP93015038-B)      Light-emitting structure comprises a light-emitting layer of a ZnSe, ZnS, CuS thin film laminated in this order. Thermal diffusion treatment is applied to the light-emitting layer in a vacuum chamber.    USE -   For indicators and display units. (J02082492-A)
(JP2730919-B2)      The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved.
(JP2755611-B2)      The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved.
(US7279694-N)      Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance with CO contamination of the H2 fuel stream is improved by injecting O2 into the fuel stream ahead of the cell. A surface reaction occurs even at PEM operating temps. below 100 deg.C to oxidatively remove the CO and restore electrode surface area for the H2 reaction to generate current. Fuel stream is obtd. from a methanol source using conventional reforming processes.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved performance approaches that obtainable with pure H2. Performance is unaffected over a wide CO concn. range. @(17pp)
(JP2656083-B2)      In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved.
(US5091764-A)      Semiconductor device comprises a transparent SnO2 electrode, at least one semiconductor layer with a pin junction or a nip junction, and a back electrode. They are formed on a glass substrate and dopant density is not more than 0.5 wt.%. Pref., an amorphous semiconductor, in which conductivity is equal to and dopant density is higher than those of the layer of semiconductor layers facing the transparent electrode, is sandwiched between the transparent electrode and semiconductor layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solar cells, light absorption of transparent electrodes is improved.
(JP2593199-B2)      Nb3Sn superconducting wire material is made by charging other matrix powder into at least one of tube body of Sn-alloy matrix, Cu-matrix, and Nb-matrix contg. 0.1-15 at% one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf, or charging other matrix powder into the Sn-alloy matrix and/or Nb-alloy matrix tube; working to wire, tape, or tube, followed by diffusion heat treating at 400-950 deg C to form Nb3Sn cpd. phase contg. Ti, Zr, or Hf on the periphery of Nb-matrix.    USE -   For Nb3Sn superconducting wire, having improved formability and intense magnetic field characteristics.
(JP2567055-B2)      Fuel reformer comprises container, double reactor tube arranged vertically in container, plug tube arranged concentrically inside inner tube of reactor tube and having opened upper end and closed lower end, baffle extending radially inside from upper end of inner tube and bent on midway and hanged down into opened upper end of plug tube while lower end is opened.    ADVANTAGE -   Foreign matter can be prevented from entering descending raw material.
(JP2575836-B2)      The cell comprises an anode, a separator plate, and a cathode. A gas header ejects gas out of the cell after reaction of anode and cathode gas. A manifold leads the gas after reaction from the cell to the header. Near the manifold is an anode inlet part for introducing anode gas, and a lead terminal.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as a fused carbonate fuel battery. Electrical resistance is low and there is no voltage drop at the leads.
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%.
(JP2769556-B2)      For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented.
(JP2514406-B2)      The fuel cell has cathode and anode jars connected by a liq. medium circulation appts.    The cathode jar has a fuel distribution board in its lower part. Electrolyte soln. in the cathode jar has a level above the fuel distribution board. A porous catalyst electrode is immersed in the electrolyte soln..    The anode jar has an oxygen gas distribution board in its lower part. Electrolyte soln. in the anode jar has a level above the oxygen gas distribution board. A porous catalyst electrode is immersed in the electrolyte soln. in the anode jar.    ADVANTAGE -   The service life of the battery can be extended.
(DE3932277-C)      Semiconductor structure comprises a substrate (1, 4) of a first semiconductor material, an over-lattice (3) deposited on the substrate, and a semiconductor body (5, 6) of a second semiconductor material deposited on the over-lattice. The lattice constant of the second semiconductor material is different from that of the first.    There is at least one relieved region (7) in the semiconductor substrate, exposing the surface of the over-lattice and at least one first semiconductor unit or device (10) in the semiconductor body above this region.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Fewer defects in the semiconductor body. It is suitable for semiconductor techniques.
(JP94036860-B2)      Appts. comprises ejectors having each different capacities, pipes having closing valves and introducing driving fluid to each ejector, suction pipes having stopper valves and introducing fluid to each ejector, header distributing flow to the driving fluid pipe, fluid flow rate control valve arranged upstream of the head, suction fluid header distributing the fluid to suction fluid pipes, and collecting pipe gathering outlet fluid from the ejectors.    USE -   The appts. is applied for supplying raw material to reformer of hydrogen mfg. appts. used for fuel cell system.
(US4937152-A)      A fuel cell comprises (a) a cell member including a flat plate separator, an air electrode, a solid electrolyte and a fuel electrode, at least two cell members stacked up in layers where (i) the flat plate separator being made from metal and having grooves, (ii) a layer of the air electrode being formed on the flat plate separator, (iii) the solid electrolyte is formed in the form of a film layer on the air electrode, and (iv) a layer of the fuel electrode is formed on the solid electrolyte, (b) spacers arranged along peripheries of the separators, (c) air supply paths for supplying air to the air electrodes, air being sent to the air electrodes through the grooves of the flat-plate separators and air supply paths, (d) air exhaust paths to exhaust excess air, (e) fuel supply paths, and (e) fuel discharge paths.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. for a flat-plate type solid electrolyte fuel cell. The fuel cell has high strength, with no layer sepn. or breakage.    (15pp)
(JP2604437-B2)      A heat resistance member including a metal or alloy of Cr, Co, Ni, Fe or Mn having its surface coated with lanthanum oxide, lanthanum + alkali earth metal, lanthanum + alkali earth metal oxide, lanthanum oxide + alkali earth metal, or lanthanum oxide + alkali earth metal oxide, to form a good electric conductivity film resistant to oxidising as well as reducing atmos. at high temp.
(JP2567048-B2)      Appts. comprises a liner heat-shield layer adhered to the inner surface of a riser pipe to guide the combustion gas from a burner detect in a lower part of a fuel store vessel. The layer is for moderating the thermal shock applied to the pipe.    USE -   For fuel cell generator systems.
(DE3831857-C2)      A process for producing an inversion solar cell, includes forming a thin tunnel insulation layer on a plate shaped p-semiconductor, forming a contact on the insulation layer, and then applying a light transparent, doped dielectric consisting mainly of SiO2. The latter is produced by applying a film from a soln. with a organic silicon cpd.. The solvent is allowed to evaporate and the remaining gel is tempered or sintered until a vitreous coating is formed.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is efficient and produces a stable dielectric.
(US4904526-A)      Producing a continuous metallic oxide film on a substrate comprises deposition of a continuous metal layer on the substrate; oxidn. of the exterior metal surface; treatment of the oxide layer with a fluxing agent; application of a protective polymer film on the oxide surface; and heating to fuse the metal layer and form separate metal microspheres.    The oxide layer at the surface of the substrate may be electrically conducting and optically transparent, e.g. indium oxide or indium-tin oxide.    USE -   The prods. are components for solar photovoltaic cells, solar heating systems, laser resistant coatings, photocathodes for photoelectrochemical cells, etc. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(US5049458-A)      Fuel cell comprises (a) cell members, each having a flat plate solid electrolyte having fuel- and air-electrodes on opposite surfaces, (b) separators between pairs of cell members, comprising a frame coupled with a metallic sheet having an array of 1st projecting portions and intermingled with oppositely directed 2nd projecting portions, and having highest stage separator mounted on a cell member of the highest stage in the stack, and a lowest stage separator, (c) a fuel supply path between separators and adjacent respective fuel electrode layers, and an air supply path adjacent air electrode layers, (d) fuel discharge- and air exhaust-paths and (e) electroconductive collector members mounted on outer sides of the highest and lowest stage separators.    ADVANTAGE -   Good cushioning and gas seal property. @(14pp)@
(JP93015642-B)      Methanol reformer comprises an annular main reactor in a heat shield box. Box has a burner combustion gas flow passage. An auxiliary annular reactor outside the box is supported with flow pipes and is downstream from the main reactor.    USE -   For fuel cells. (J02018302-A)
(JP93015641-B)      Evaporator comprises an annular chamber defined by outer and inner walls, and metal tube coaxially set in the annular chamber into an outer and inner annular space; the metal tube composed of a tubular wire net and inner and outer tubular plates.    USE -   For reforming methanol mixed with eater. (J02018301-A)
(JP95061862-B2)      Beta''-alumina sintered powder is produced by mixing Na salt powder and Li salt powder, heating the mixt. to fuse it and to form a prod. comprising a cpd. and a solid soln. of Na salt and Li salt, cooling it, mixing the prod. powder and Al2O3 powder and sintering the mixt. at over 1100 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for prodn. of a solid electrolyte tube for a Na-S battery, Al2O3 powder and small amts. of Na salt powder and Li salt powder are uniformly mixed. Firing and grinding steps are reduced. Sintered powder with low aggregating property and high activity is produced.    In an example, Na2CO3 powder and Li2CO3 powder were mixed in a mole ratio of 6.7:1.2. 900g of the mixt. and 5kg of Al2O3 balls were mixed in a ball mill for 2-5 hrs. to form a mixt. A. The mixt. A was heated in an alumina crucible at 500 deg.C for 3 hrs. to produce a mass-prod. B. The prod. B was ground and passed through a nylon sieve with openings of 1000 micro-m to obtain a prod. C. 237.3g of the prod. C, 1262.7g of Al2O3 powder and 10kg of Al2O3 balls were mixed for 5-20 hrs. to form a prod. D. The prod. D was heated at 1200-1350 deg.C for 1-5 hrs. to form beta''-alumina sintered powder.
(US5009721-A)      Solar cell, for use in a device in which solar cell elements are interconnected, comprises a) a solar cell element for converting light into electricity, including a photo responsive junction in a semiconductor body on which are disposed first and second electrodes, b) an interconnector for interconnecting element (I) to another element (I) joined to the first electrode, and c) a metal film disposed between and welded to the first electrode and b). The welded area between c) and the first electrode is about three times the welded area between c) and b).    Pref. film c) comprises Ag and Au.    ADVANTAGE -   New device has a high and stable welding strength between the solar cell element and interconnectors. @(7pp)@    (EP356033-B1)      A solar cell device in which a plurality of solar cell elements (2) provided with electrodes (3) are connected by means of interconnectors (5), wherein a metal film (6) is provided between one electrode (3) of each solar cell element (2) and the corresponding interconnector (5), the welding area (8) between said metal film (6) and said electrode (3) being larger than the welding area (7) between said metal film (6) and said interconnector (5).
(US5081049-A)      Si solar cell substrate surface is sculpted by scribing the light receiving surface to form a pattern of grooves (2) and then chemically etching the patterned surface to give a specifically pref. cross-sectional shape which does not follow the crystal planes. The front surface of the substrate is doped to form a pn-semiconductor junction. Spacing between adjacent grooves is comparable with the minority carrier diffusion length of the substrate material to maximise path length of the pn-junction maximising carrier collection probabilities.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduced surface reflection, more efficient use of light. @(13pp)@
(JP2678291-B2)      A composite carbon board is prepd. by impregnating a carbonisable thermosetting resin into shaped sheets of expanded graphite, hardening the resin by heating the impregnated graphite sheets and laminating the graphite sheets added with graphite powder or laminating a thermoplastic film shaped sheets of exapnded graphite and hot pressing the laminated sheets to fill the internal voids in the graphite sheets with the thermoplastic resin.    The expanded graphite board is prepd. pref. by graphite particles with a strong oxidising agent (e.g. conc. H2SO4 or KNO3) to form a interlaminar cpd. and heating the particles rapidly to expand the particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite board has very high rigidity and high bending strength and impermability and smooth surface. It is scarcely deformed or boken to have high handling workability. It is used as a sepg board for a fuel cell or insulating board for oven, etc.
(JP95022021-B2)      Sealing material consists of 1st inorganic particles having resistance to phosphoric acid, 2nd inorganic particles showing cubical expansion by reaction with phosphoric acid, and binder.    Pref. the 2nd inorganic particles consist of Ti oxide, Zr oxide or Nb oxide, etc., and the particles transform into phosphate cpds. by reaction with phosphoric acid to fill vacancies in the sealing material by the cubic expansion. The 1st inorganic particles consist of SiC, carbon, boron carbide or W carbide, etc.. The binder consists of fluorine resin such as PTFE powder or PTFE dispersion and the amt. of the binder is 2-15 wt.% of the total amt. of the inorganic particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has good sealing property in the presence of phosphoric acid. It is suitable for sealing packing of phosphoric acid type fuel cell.
(US4963443-A)      Fuel cell system comprises: a body having fuel and oxidiser electrode (11, 12) and an electrolyte matrix (13); fuel gas reformer; fuel gas supply (20); air blower (6) for the oxidiser electrode; an exhaust (24) for fuel electrode off-gas; an exhaust closure (23) for use when the cell operation is terminated; circulation system (25) for the fuel electrode gas whe    (JP2501872-B2)      Fuel cell has a structure allowing exchange of reactive and purging gases, including a fuel gas recycling pipe, fuel gas inlet valve and fuel gas entry pipeline. Fuel off-gas is discharged through a discharge pipeline and a discharge valve, in order. Air is supplied to an air electrode through an air-entry pipeline as oxidising agent gas. The fuel gas circulation pipeline connects the fuel off-gas discharge pipe line and the fuel gas entry pipeline, through a pump and valve, in a circulation pipeline.    ADVANTAGE -   Fuel gas is effectively converted into inert gas. Operation of fuel cell is simplified. Operational costs are reduced.
(US4897123-A)      A solar cell comprises 1) a compound semiconductor substrate with opposed front and rear surfaces including at least one sepn. region for receiving an interconnecting electrode; the sepn. region extends through the substrate form the front to the rear surface and is of a conductivity type different from that of the substrate, 2) a first compound semiconductor layer of the same conductivity type as the substrate, on the front surface of the substrate, 3) a second compound semiconductor of the second conductivity type, on the first layer opposite the substrate, forming a rectifying junction with the first layer, and in communication with the sepn. region, 4) a first electrode on the rear surface of the substrate, spaced from the sepn. region, and 5) and interconnecting electrode in electrical communication with the second layer at the front surface, extending to the rear surface over the sepn. region.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is particularly suitable for space applications. It has both electrodes accessible on a single surface, and can be fabricated with multiple cells on a single substrate. It has high light-to-electricity conversion efficiency, and good resistance to damage from the extra-terrestrial environment. (First major country equivalent to J02000384-A)
(US4968372-A)      Prodn. of flexible carrier substrate for a photovoltaic solar generator, comprises (i) providing a synthetic film having a hardened coating of an adhesive on the surface, and adhesion promoting layer and glass filament fabric which is satd. with unhardened silicone adhesive; (ii) introducing a tear-away fabric into the unhardened silicone_ adhesive; (iii) hardening the adhesive under vaccum to produce a hardened laminate; and (iv) removing the tear-away fabric so that a torn-away, structured silicone surface remains on the laminate for adhesive attachment of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Substrate is resistant to atomic oxygen so it may travel in Earth orbit in environment contg. atomic oxygen, without degradation. @(4pp)@    (DE3827433-C2)      Prodn. of flexible carrier/substrate for solar photovoltaic generators comprises application of adhesive to a heat-processable polyimide foil laminate; heating to cure the adhesive, e.g. at 140C/1 bar for more than 4 hrs.; application of a silicone adhesive and glass silk tissue to the substrate surface, impregnating the tissue with the resin; application of a detachable material (e.g. polyamide-6,6); and hardening under reduced pressure.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The detachable layer is removed prior to mounting a solar cell with the adhesive on to these substrates. The prodn. avoids the use of hazardous etching agents prior to attachment of the solar cell.
(US4978737-A)      Polymide polymer soluble in N-methyl pyrrolidone comprises the inisdised cordensn. prod. of (a) a diamine and a mixt. of diahnydrides comprising (b) pyromellitic dianhydride and (c) at least 1 of bis (3, 4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, 3, 3', 4, 4' benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3', 4, 4' diphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 2, 2 bis (3, 4 dicarboxyphenyl) hexa fluoropropane dianhydride.    The diamine (a) is 2, 2-bis (3-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane or 2, 2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane.    The dianhydrides mixt. comprises 35-75 mole% (b) and 25-65 mole % (c). The polymide pref. has a Tg of at least 350 deg.C and a dielectric constant of less than 2,5 at 10 MH2. The polyimide has a wt. loss at 343 deg.C after 235 hours of not above 3.0%.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Organic solvent soluble polyimide has improved mechanical and electrical properties and good film forming properties and heat stability. The polyimide is moulded into melt fabricated articles, used for the prodn. of lubricating wear surfaces, cast as films and used to produce high temp. adhesives and as varnish compsns.    (5pp)
(JP94035324-B2)      Glassy carbon having up to 10% of micropores less than 0.01 micron dia. is produced. Raw phenol resin is cured at 140-180 deg. C under a pressure higher than 20 kg. It is further heated to 300-400 deg. C at a rate less than 3 deg. C/hr in a non-oxidative atmos.    ADVANTAGE -   Glassy carbon having a dense structure can be produced, which is suitably used as a separator for phosphoric acid type fuel cells.    In an example, "BXL-274" (RTM, phenol resin) was preliminary cured at 100 deg. C for 2 hrs. and pulverised. The powders were put in a die and heated at 160 deg. C under a pressure of 10 kg/cm2 in a non-oxidative atmos. to form a 120 x 120 x 1.2mm moulding, which was sandwiched between graphite plates and heated to 400 deg. C at a rate of 3 deg.C.min., then to 1000 deg. C at 10 deg. C/min. The amt. of the micropores higher than 0.01 micron dia. was measured to be 0.1%.
(US4916035-A)      A photoelectrochemical cell (10), which serves as both a solar and a sec. cell, comprises a positive electrode (12) of conductive semiconductor which can generate electron-hole pairs on exposure to light (22) and a Chevrel cpd. having a three-dimensional structure which allows metal atoms to be de-intercalated as ions by reaction with the holes, with a current collector (18) contacting the electrode. A metal ion conductive solid electrolyte (14) contacts one side of the positive electrode, and a negative electrode (16) contacts teh other side of the electrolyte and also has a current collector (20). The semiconductor absorbs irradiating light of energy exceeding the band gap and the cell is photoelectrochemically charged, and discharged when the electrodes are connected.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A solid-state photoelectrochemical cell functioning both as a solar and a sec. cell, and useful in electronic watches, computer power sources, memory backup, and photoelectric power generation or storage, is provided. The cell is simple, small, cheap, and has good reversibility. It has long life and is capable of rapid photocharging and discharge. (First major country equivalent to J01315967-A)
(US4966812-A)      Antireflective film comprises a sol-gel reaction prod.    obtd. by hdyrolysis and condensn. of silicon alkoxides and opt. metal alkoxides. Prodn. of these films comprises application of a coating soln. to a surface substrate; and drying. Prepn.    of the coating compsn. comprises addn. of water and can acidic catalyst to an alkanolic soln. of a tetralkoxysilane, opt.    mixed with a metal alkoxide; or a soln. of partially hydrolysed metal alkoxide is added; the reaction mixt. is aged at about 50 deg.C. under a heat lamp for 2-3 weeks; and the resulting gel is reliquified, e.g. by ultrasonic agitation, and dispersed with a volatile solvent.    USE -   Plastic surfaces coated with these compsns. exhibit improved light transmission, e.g. in solar thermal and photovoltaic devices.    (8pp)
(JP2649700-B2)      An electrolyte regeneration unit for a redox flow battery (1) comprises a tank containing positive electrolyte (12) and negative electrolyte (13), separated by a diaphragm (15). A cathode (17) is in the negative electrolyte and an anode is in the positive electrolyte. Positive electrolyte is regenerated by pumping the electrolyte from a tank (4) of the redox flow battery. Formic acid is pumped into the positive electrolyte chamber (12), to regenerate the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Regeneration only produces carbon dioxide and oxygen, which are non-toxic, and can be emitted to the atmosphere. The structure is simple and compact, and does not require special materials.
(JP94047442-B2)      A fuel reformer to reform feed gas to H2-rich gas comprises reactors (10) filled with catalyst and heated by combustion gas flowed along walls of reactors. The reactors are provided with fins (20) gradually densely arranged from the upstream of the combustion gas to its downstream so that combustion gas can gradually densely be contacted with the reactors from its upstream to the downstream.    USE -   To uniformly transmit heat from the upstream of combustion gas to its downstream to uniformly heat reactors.
(JP93015005-B)      Compsn. comprises Na3+3x-yY1-xSi3-yPy09, where 2x-y = -0.1-1, and y = over 0 to 0.8.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Alkali metal ion conductive compsn. used for barrier walls of a Na-S cell, and for solid electrolyte. (J01302606-A)
(US5119221-A)      Liq. crystal display device comprises a cell unit having a pair of optically transparent substrates, each having an optically transparent electrode layer and an alignment layer for liq. crystal formed, in this order, on one side of the substrate, the paired substrates being in spaced relation with each other and arranged such that the respective alignment layers are facing each other; and a liq. crystal contained in the space between the paired substrates. The alignment layers are made of a polymer material having both a ring structure and a substd. gp. at side chains, in such a way that the ring structure is directly joined to a main chain of the polymer. The ring is an aromatic ring structure, an alicyclic structure, a heterocyclic structure or a condensed ring structure, and is subject to rubbing treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved alignment layer for liq. crystal is provided easily and cheaply.
(US4919913-A)      Solar Si is produced by reacting Al with gaseous Si cpds. of formula SiHnX4-n, where X is halogen and n = 0-3. The improvement comprises intensively contacting the molten surface of dispersed particles of pure Al or an Al-Si alloy with the gaseous Si cpd. The reaction is at 700-1000 deg.C, and the molten Al converted into droplets smaller than 500 microns by spraying. The Si halide is present in an excess of at least 200% of that required stoichiometrically. By-prod. AlCl3 is sublimed off with excess Si halide, and the Si prod. removed as a granulate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For photovoltaic current generation using solar energy. The prodn. of Si is improved, by an economical process. @(3pp)    (DE58901324-G)      In silicon prodn. by reacting aluminium with gaseous silicon cpds. of formula SiHnX4-n (X = halogen; n = 0-3), the novelty is that the gaseous silicon cpd. is intimately contact with a finely divided molten surface consisting of pure Al or Al-Si alloy. The molten aluminium may be finely divided in a chamber contg. the gaseous silicon cpd. or the latter may be finely dispersed in the molten aluminium.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is used for solar cell silicon mfr. Almost quantitative conversion to silicon is obtained in an efficient manner.
(JP2507943-B2)      Metallic tellurides are produced by dissolving metal alkoxy monotelluro-carbamates of formulae (1)-(4) in an organic solvent; and thermally decomposing the organic solvent soln. in an inert gas atmos. In the formulae M is a metal element; R is 1-10 C organic gps.; n is an integer.    ADVANTAGE -   Large area metal telluride thin films like ZnTe, CdTe or CuInTe having a desired pattern can be prepd. These thin films are used for solar cells.    In an example, 2g of Zn(II)N,N-dibutylditelurocarbamate were dissolved in 100 g of dibutylamine; the soln. was refluxed for 30 min. and was spincoated on a pyrex substrate at 3000 rpm; the coating was dried for 10 min. and fired at 500 deg.C for 30 min. in Ar gas stream; A faint-yellow uniform ZnTe thin film 3000 angstrom thick was obtd.
(JP2569723-B2)      Prodn. of a composite chalcogenide of a single metal (or of composite metals), comprises heat-decomposition of a compsn. made of more than two cpds. having different chalcogen elements chosen from an organic metal cpd. chosen from metal N,N-dialkyl chalcogenocarbamates (I), metal alkoxy chalcogenocarbonates (II), metal N,N-dialkyl mono chalcogenocarbamates (III) and metal alkoxy monochalcogenocarbonates (IV), and an organic solvent under an inactive atmos. (M:metal element, R:1-10C organic group, X:S, Se, Te, n:1-5).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Metal chalcogenides are useful as pigments, or used for solar cells, light accepting devices, image recording devices, or EL devices. Here, a metal chalcogenide thin membrane can be easily produced on a substrate having large area and complex shape.
(EP351176-A3)      A film comprising a polymorph of a phthalocyanine is prepd. in a low-gravity environment of at most 0.1 G; the film has a surface roughness factor less than 1.000010. The film is prepd. by closed chamber physical vapour transport (PVT). This comprises: a) providing an evacuable chamber contg. organic source molecules near one end, and a substrate near the second end; the substrate is optionally at least partially coated with a layer of crystallographically uniaxially oriented molecules; b) outgassing the chamber to 10 power (-6) - 10 power (-10) Torr, optionally introducing a buffer gas at 0.001-10,000 Torr, and sealing the chamber; c) subjecting the chamber to a low gravity environment of at most 0.1 G, and d) heating the chamber in such a way that the source molecules are -sublimed, whilst cooling the substrate end to a temp. which is 0.25-0.99 x the first end temp. in deg.K, for a time sufficient to deposit source molecules as a film of the desired thickness on to the substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Suggested uses include areas of technology where optical, electronic and chemical properties of organic thin layers depend on film surface smoothness and uniformity, e. photoconductive imaging, photovoltaic and energy conversion devices, etc. Compared with layers prepd. under unit gravity conditions, the articles have layers which are smoother, contain 50-90 wt.% of novel crystalline forms of phthalocyanine cpds., contain lesser amounts of other polymorphs, and have more homogeneous optical properties.
(US5246791-A)      The high temp. fuel cell comprises a reforming catalyst in contact with a hydrocarbon-contg. fuel and subject to contact with a molten carbonate electrolyte. The reforming catalyst comprises Ru carried on a support of rare earth oxides, zirconia, ceria or esp. magnesia, and reforms the hydrocarbon-contg. fuel to an H20 contg. fuel. The catalyst pref. further contains Ni.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved corrosion resistance and activity, and increased resistance to deactivation by the electrolyte.
(US4915723-A)      Si is continuously cast by an arrangement in which molten Si (13) in a bottomless crucible (6) is solidified near the lower end of an induction coil (7). At least an axial part of the crucible is divided into a number of circumferentially spaced parts. The solidified Si is heated (24) below a boundary surface between molten and solidified Si in the direction of movement of the Si. Temp. gradient in the solidified Si, with a temp. of at least 500 deg.C is 20-100 deg.C/cm.    ADVANTAGE -   Formation of thermal cracks is avoided. @(16pp)@
(US4971863-A)      Metallised film comprises a substrate layer of a synthetic polymeric material having, on at least 1 surface, an adherent layer and a metallic layer on the surface of the adherent layer(s). The adherent layer(s) comprise(s) a copolyester resin derived from (a) an aromatic polycarboxylic acid, or its polyester forming equiv., (b) a sulphonic acid deriv. of an aromatic polycarboxylic acid or its polyester forming equiv. and (c) a stoichiometric amt. of at least 1 polyhydric alcohol or its polyester forming equivalent. The copolyester resin contains upto 0.005 g atoms % alkali metal.    The adherent copolymer resin pref. comprises 60-98 mole % (a), 2-20 mole % (b) and a stoichiometric amt. of (c). Component (c) comprises an aliphatic alkylene oxy glycol.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used esp. for internal liner of bag-in-the-box containers for wines, beer and carbonated -drinks. The film has good metal adhesion to a substrate and resistance to deterioration on humid ageing. @(6pp)    (JP2705825-B2)      Metallised film is claimed comprising: (I) substrate layer of synthetic polymeric material; (II) adherent layer on surface(s) of (I) comprising copolyester resin derived from (a) aromatic polycarboxylic acid (or polyester-forming equiv.), (b) sulphonic acid deriv. of aromatic polycarboxylic acid (or polyester-forming equiv.), and (c) stoichiometric amt. polyhydric alcohol(s), and having alkali metal content below 0.005 g. atom%; and (III) metallic layer on surface of (II). Also claimed is its prodn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Film provides strong, flexible material having oxygen-/moisture-/light-barrier props. and resistance to impact-induced rupture by adhesive bond failure. Uses include: packaging for crisps, bag-in-box drinks etc.; decorative drapes; solar panels and magnetic recording media.
(EP478839-A)      Device comprises photovoltaic regions formed on an insulating substrate, each comprising lower electrode (2), semiconductor layer (3) and upper electrode (4). The regions are interconnected by conductive paths each extending from an edge portion (21) of the lower electrode to an edge portion (41) of the upper electrode of an adjacent region, the path comprising an alloy wall formed of a melt of the upper and lower electrode layers. Each conductive path extends through the lower electrode in each region.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In a solar cell, photosensor etc. Design provides an increased light receiving area, improved semiconductor layer quality and enhanced durability and output. (First major country equivalent to J02268472-A)
(DE3917974-C)      The turbine has a turbulence buff intake, with an axially connected rotor. The rotor consists of a partially conical inner core, with rotor blades. These form channels together with the housing, starting from the tip of the inner core (4), the rotor blades (5) form V-shaped spiral channels.    The channels further extend spirally axially on the largest diameter of the inner core, where they are tubularly closed, radially outwards. The tubular channels (6) decrease further in the circumferential direction, and end as nozzles (7). A cabin (12) is axially connected to the rotor, and ends in a conical section (19).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Underwater power station. Improved hydraulic performance.
(DE3915833-C2)      This is a photovoltaic system with, on one side, photovoltaic elements supplied with photons and these elements are mounted on a thin, elastic mat or netting.    Electrical resistance layers (4) for converting the current into heat are formed or mounted on the back of the photovoltaic elements (1,2). These photovoltaic elements are directly combined with the resistance layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Suitable for solar cell techniques. Heating energy can be produced with low light intensities.
(JP2708864-B2)      Voltage non-linear resistor comprises compsn. contg. Zn-oxide, as a main component, and at least one of 0.05-3.00 mol.% Bi, as converted to Bi2O3, 0.05-3.00 mol.% Co, as Co2O3, 0.05-3.00 mol.% Mn, as MnO2, and 0.1-2.0 mol.% Ti, as TiO2, as sec. components, and 0.05-2.00 mol.% Ta, as converted to Ta2O5.    USE -   For low voltage varistors used for stabilising circuit voltage and surge, and noise absorption in electronic equipment.
(JP2758632-B2)      The thin membrane is made of Si: 28.5-42.8 at.%, O: 0-67.5 at.%, N: 0.1-57.1 at.%, and H: 0.1-16.7 at.%, and the ratio of the amt. of H in the form of N-H bond in the thin membrane to the amt. of H in the form of O-H bond is more than 1, the refractive index n of the thin membrane to the light having the wavelength of 632.78nm is n = 1.46-2.2, the optical band gap Eg is between 1.8 and 6.5 eV, and the thin membrane has the absorption peak of the infrared ray absorption spectrum (attributing to N-H bond) in the neighbourhood of the wavelength of 3400 cm(-1), the absorption wavelength, (N-H) is between 3330 cm(-1) and 3400 cm(-1).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The optical member can change the refractive index with good reproducibility and shows little light attenuation. The distortion generated during the thin membrane formation is sufficiently small, the yields of the prodn. is good and the characteristic can be stabilised for long time. The prepn. can be done at low temp. i.e. when it is integrated with a semiconductor element, the integration can be done after the semiconductor element is produced.
(JP2650160-B2)      Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit.
Prodn. of a thin-film semiconductor device, comprises forming a first electrical conductor (2) on an insulating substrate (1); forming a second electrical conductor (3) by plating; insulating (4) a surface of the second electrical conductor; forming a semiconductor layer (5,6), using an AC plating method; forming a number of third electrical conductors (7,8) thereon; etching the semiconductor layer by: i) applying a first potential to the first electrical conductor is an electrolyte; and applying a second potential, or in opposite direction, to first potential to at least on of the third electrical conductors in the electrolyte.    Specifically claimed is a process where the first electrical conductor is a first transparent conductive film, formed by printing, which is subsequently etched. A second conductive film is subsequently selectively etched. A second is a process where formation of the first electrical conductor is performed at atmos. pressure and where etching of the second conductive film is done by using a resist film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is used to from thin-film-transistors (TFT) on a large-area glass substrate e.g. in mfr. of a liquid crystal display. The invented process can be performed without the need for vacuum film-forming apparatus or any aligner for photolithography. (Frist major country equivalent to J02239235-A)
(JP2703609-B2)      An optical semiconductor device is prepd. by sealing optical semiconductor elements using an epoxy resin compsn. comprising mainly epoxy resin of formula (I): In (I) R1 = a residue of an organic cpd. having m active H atoms, N1, n2, ..., nm are O or an integer = 1 - 100 and n1 + N2+.... + nm = 1 - 100 and A is a substd cyclohexane skeleton of formula (II) (where X = - CH = CH -or - CH(OH) - CH2 - OR2 and R2 = H, an alkyl, carboalkyl or carboaryl gp., provided that at least one gp (i) is contained in the resin (B) is a hardener of carboxylic acid anhydride type and (C) an hardening accelerator in an amt. = 0.65 - 0.85 equiv. per equiv. of epoxy gp. in the epoxy gp.    ADVANTAGE -   The sealed compsn. has high transparency, high % transmission between 400 - 1000 nm. high reliability against heat, heat shock and moisture.
(US5032527-A)      A method of forming a lead out electrode in an integrated -type photovoltaic device, including several photoelectric conversion cells connected in series on a transparent insulator substratee comprises: forming several transparent front electrodes separated from each other on the substrate, corresponding to the photoelectric conversion cells; forming an elongated conductor on and along one side of a first one of the front electrodes, at least one end portion of the elongated conductor being enlarged to a right triangular shaped configuration. An elongated insulator along adjacent to the inside edge of the elongated conductor on the first transparent electrode, at least one portion of the elongated insulator ending with a short narrow segment along the hypotenuse of the right triangular shape. A semiconductor photo-active layer is formed on the substrate so as to cover the front electrode, the elongated conductor and insulator. A back electrode layer is formed on the semiconductor layer, scanning by relative movement of a first energy beam directed to the elongated insulator from above the back electrode layer for separating a lead-out electrode portion from the laminate of the back electrode layer and the semiconductor layer. The scanning comprises: a first scanning step at an approx. constant speed along the elongated insulator passing through the opposite end portions at an approx. constant speed along the short narrow segment, a second scanning step at an approx. constant speed along the short narrow segment. The second scanning step passes through the opposite end portions of the short narrow segment.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Simple method for forming narrow lead-out electrodes in an integrated-type photovoltaic device, including photoelectric conversion cells, which are connected in series on a single substrate. (First major country equivalent to J02219283-A) @(13pp Dwg.No.3C/5)@
(JP2525475-B2)      Laminate comprises a moulded organic high polymer, and a transparent conductive layer of crystalline I oxide formed on the moulded polymer. The crystal grain size of the crystalline I oxide is below 0.3 micron.    The crystalline In oxide layer is pref. prepd. by forming a layer contg. In oxide, with an absorption coefft. at a wavelength of 550 nm of 1 x 10 power -3 -2 x 10 power -3 (A power -1), and a resistivity below 2 x 10 power -2 ohms cm and heat-treating the layer in the O2 atmos., so that the layer is converted to a layer contg. crystalline In oxide. The heat treatment temp. is 100-250 deg.C. The organic polymer is polyimide, polyethersulphone, polyparabanic acid, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for transparent touch panels, electroluminescence, electrophotography, antistatic materials, face heaters, solid displays, optical memories, photoelectric conversion devices, optical communication, solar energy materials, etc. The laminate has good durability and reliability. The prodn. by sputtering is efficient. @(6pp)
(US5009719-A)      Tandem solar cell comrpises (a) an upper solar cell for converting relatively short wavelength incident light into electricity, comprising a first crystalline semiconductor having a first lattice constant and a first energy band gp. b) an intermediate solar cell for converting relatively long wavelength incident light, that has passed through a), into electricity, comprising a second crystalline semiconductor having a second energy band gp. smaller than the first energy band gp. c) a lower solar cell for converting relatively long wavelength incident light, that has passed through b) into electricity, comprising a third crystalline semiconductor havin a third energy band gap, smaller than the second energy band gap, and d) crystalline semiconductor buffer layers, respectively disposed between a) and b) and between b) and c), each buffer layer having an energy band gap layer than the first energy band gap, and a lattice constant about the same as the first lattice constant, and including a tunneling junction, within each of the buffer layers.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has an upper solar cell with improved crystallinity without reducing the light transmissivity of a buffer layer disposed between the upper and lower cells.    (9pp)    (DE4004559-C2)      This photovoltaic semiconductor element has a tandem structure with an upper solar cell (20) which absorbs light in the short wave region, a lower solar cell (10) which converts light penetrating from the upper solar cell, and a lattice-matching buffer layer (50) between the two solar cells, with a tunnel junction region (55).    This buffer layer consists of semiconductor material having larger gap bands than the semiconductor material used for the upper solar cell. The buffer layer consists of a zinc selenium alloy with a charge-carrier density in the region of 10 power(-19)/cm2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Suitable for photovoltaic techniques. There is improvement in efficiency.
(US5022929-A)      The solar collector has a roof shaped structure (1) serving as a support for a front and rear panels (2,3), in form of elongated rectangles having the same dimensions as the faces of the structure (1) on which various solar energy collecting devices are mounted, and whose top longitudinal edges are hinged to a common rotation axis coinciding with the ridge line of the structure (1). Combined wtih a support, this roof shaped structure (1) forms an assembly which, by means of appropriate mechanisms, can move about a vertical rotation axis. The solar collector is also provided with two different orientation systems. The first system, operating in azimuth, enables the moving assembly to rotate about its vertical axis, with its plane solar collectors facing the sun. The second system operating in elevation, enables the front and back panels (2,3) to rotate about their common horizontal axis and keep the same inclinations, normal to the sun's rays. This second orientation system constitutes the main improvement brought by the present invention to this solar collector device.    (11pp)
(US5035753-A)      The solar cell comprises a set of series connected photoelectric conversion structures formed on a substrate.    The conversion structure consists of a first semi-conductor film on a P-type, an intrinsic semiconductor film formed on the first semiconductor film such that one end thereof extends beyond an end of the first semiconductor film and a second semiconductor film of a second, opposite conductivity type formed on the intrinsic semiconductor film such that one end thereof extends beyond the extended end of the intrinsic semiconductor film and makes direct electrical contact with an end of the first semiconductor film of the adjacent structure. (First major country equivalent to J02177374) @(9pp Dwg.No.2A/4)@
(US4994879-A)      A photoelectric transducer with a light path of increased length comprises: a planar transduction element having a thickness separating an incident light surface and an opposite surface where incident light causes photoelectric conversion; an optically transparent protective layer provided on at least one of the surfaces to reduce carrier recombination and prevent introduction of impurities into the surface; an optically transparent textured layer with a textured surface and a planar surface, formed on the protective layer so that the planar surface is in contact with the protective layer. Pref. (i) the textured layer is conductive and in ohmic contact with the associated surface of the planar transduction element portion at which the protective layer is provided by way of holes formed in a portion of the protective layer; (ii) the protective layer is formed of Si nitride; (iii) the textured surface is formed of Sn oxide, and hs a diagonal of length at least 0.15u microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Photoelectric transducer with light path of increased length, and having minimum electrical degradation. Increased conversion efficiency is therefore attained. (First major contry equivalent to J02143569-A)
(US5041391-A)      The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device has a number of photovoltaic cells connected in series on an insulative substrate. A number of first electrodes (13a, 13b, 13c; 23a, 23b, 23c) having respective first extended portions (13ae, 13be, 13ce, 23ae, 23be, 23ce) (11; 21) are formed on the insulating substrate. The number of first electrodes with a photo-active semiconductor layer (14; 24). A number of second electrodes (15a, 15b, 15c; 25a, 25b, 25c) are formed on the semiconductor layer. The second electrodes have respective second extended portions (15ae, 15be, 15ce; 25ae, 25be, 25cd) which overlap the corresponding first extended portions, to thereby the corresponding first electrodes. Series connections are formed by causing an energy beam to irradiate regions where the second extended portions overlap the first extended portions.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduced contamination.    (9pp)
(GB2245782-B)      An electrical power system comprising a generator driven by a prime mover and connected to to a network with consumers, with a master controller receiving multiple inputs from the system and providing metering and control functions for the system, characterised in that volts and current are measured at points in the system using electronic sensors to provide signals which are input to the inputs of the master controller, and calibration of the said signals is carried out within the master controller.
(JP96021550-B2)      Plasma vapour phase deposition appts. PVD, (1) comprises a continuous exhaust system with a roughing pump and either a molecular or turbo molecular vacuum pump connected to a reaction vessel in the direction of the substrate feed. Vacuum pressure is controlled by the speed of rotation of the molecular pump.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   PVD is used for the mfr. of semiconductor layers, e.g. PIN junctions and for coating non oxide film. Photo chemical vapour deposition can also be carried out at a pressure range 0.05-10 Torr. Vacuum pressure is well controlled and leakage is prevented as reverse flow in exhaust system.
(JP2964146-B2)      Prepn. of titanium thin film capacitor of an organic titanium cpd. having formula (I) is coated on surface of a metal by water surface development method, and heated to form TiO2 dielectric coating film. In formula R = alkyl gp.    Pref. a titanium thin film capacitor is prepd. from monomolecular film of 2-octyl propane titanium potassium dioxide is laminated on 50mm x 50 mm x 0.5 mm size titanium plate with LB method, and heat oxidised at 850-1000 deg. C. Pref. R is 8-18C. The capacitor has permittivity of 150.0 kHz, electrostatic capacity of 0.750 micro F/sq.cm at 0.2 micron, 0.150 micro F/sq. cm at 1.0 micron and dielectric breakdown voltage of 75 V/micorn.    ADVANTAGE -   The capacitor has higher electrostatic capacity and insulation voltage.
(US5140170-A)      The system comprises a fluid driven rotor, a generator, and a transmission assembly for coupling the rotor to the generator. The transmission assembly is controlled by a hydraulic circuit which comprises a valve which, in a first state, prevents flow of operating fluid through the circuit and in a second state permits such flow.    In the first state torque is transmitted from the rotor to the generator with substantially zero slip. In the second state the assembly slips so as to permit the rotational speed of the rotor to increase relative to the rotational speed of the generator and maintain a substantially constant torque at the generator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A power generating system.
(US4981525-A)      The substrate has its surface coated with an insulative layer, on which a large number of photoelectric converter elements are electrically connected to each other in series. This is accomplished by connecting the first back electrode layer of one of photoelectric converter elements adjoining each other with the second back electrode layer of the other. Electrical connection o these electrode layers in series does not affect the effective area used for photoelectric conversion.    Electrical contact of the transparent light-receiving electrode layer and the second back electrode layer is achieved via contact contact holes each having a diameter identical to the diameter of those of the insulative and semiconductive layers. As a result, a sufficient insulative distance is provided between the transparent electrode layer and the first back electrode layer so that occurrence of accidental short circuit is securely prevented.    ADVANTAGE -   Can withstand high temp. operation due to insulative substrate. @(First major country equivalent to J02098975)@
(US4959523-A)      The appts. includes an arc gouging tool, a welding tool and a grinding tool to gouge damaged areas and fill them with weld material to at least the surface profile of the surface in the working environment and to grind the filled areas flush with the surface of the working environment. A track is bent to a profile enabling the apparatus to work without any collision with its environment while keeping full access to the work area. The geometry of the track is generally unknown to the control circuit of the robot. A motor-actuated robot member is connected to the track and is displaceable on the track by a motorised element.    A working arm is displaceably coupled to the robot member and has one or more working tools connected thereto. A control circuit displaces the robot and operates the working arm and tool. The working arm has a sensor connected thereto with a probe to sense parameters and to feed information data of the X,Y and Z coordinates to the control circuit to determine the geometry of the surface of the working environment and contour of areas in the working environment requiring a work procedure to be effected by the one or more working tools.    ADVANTAGE -   Small, portable, self-programming and easily attachable. @(16pp)@
(US4954607-A)      A ferromagnetic substance is a cpd contg a triaryl methine base substance-(R-CH(R')n-, where R is a) an (un)substd, condensed poly-nuclear arylene gp of at least 2 aromatic rings opt contg N, S or O as a ring meber or b) is (un)substd aryl, pref(un)substd Ph; n is at least 3. A free radical concentration of methine C positions is at least 10 power 17, prefat least 10 power 18 radicals/g. The cpd is pref produced by polycondensing A) an (un)substd conden-sed polynuclear aromatic cpd of at least 2 aromatic rings or a aromatic cpd substd by an electron donor gp and b) an (un)substd aromatic aldehyde in presence of an acid catalyst in a magnetic field. The cpd softens at 30-120 deg C and is soluble in various organic solvents. The magnetic field has an intensity at least 100, esp at least 400 G.    ADVANTAGE -   The cpd can be readily synthesised; a high polymeric substance (precursor) with a reproducible ferromagnetism is provided. (11pp)    (JP6049157-A)      Ferromagnetic substance has units of formula -(R1-C(R2)H)n- (I), where said unit has radical gp. concentration at the methine-carbon of above 10power18/g. In the formula, R1 = hydroxyphenylene, poly-fused arylene gps. which may contain substd. gps., where the arylene gps. may contain N,S,O atom; R2 = aryl which may contain substituted gps.; and n = 3 or more.    In the prepn. of the ferromagnetic substance, (I) aromatic aldehyde and (2) (i) poly-fused cyclic aromatic cpds., or (ii) monocyclic aromatic cpds. having OH gps. or lower alkoxy gps., are reacted in presence of acid catalysts under a direct current magnetic field, to produce a B-stage resin having triaryl-methane structure unit. The resin is further reacted to give the ferromagnetic substance.    ADVANTAGE -   An organic polymer with ferromagnetic properties is investigated. Precursors of the polymer are obtd. efficiently.
(US5009721-A)      Solar cell, for use in a device in which solar cell elements are interconnected, comprises a) a solar cell element for converting light into electricity, including a photo responsive junction in a semiconductor body on which are disposed first and second electrodes, b) an interconnector for interconnecting element (I) to another element (I) joined to the first electrode, and c) a metal film disposed between and welded to the first electrode and b). The welded area between c) and the first electrode is about three times the welded area between c) and b).    Pref. film c) comprises Ag and Au.    ADVANTAGE -   New device has a high and stable welding strength between the solar cell element and interconnectors. @(7pp)@    (EP356033-B1)      A solar cell device in which a plurality of solar cell elements (2) provided with electrodes (3) are connected by means of interconnectors (5), wherein a metal film (6) is provided between one electrode (3) of each solar cell element (2) and the corresponding interconnector (5), the welding area (8) between said metal film (6) and said electrode (3) being larger than the welding area (7) between said metal film (6) and said interconnector (5).
(US5071490-A)      The amorphous solar cell is provided having a junction structure of a p layer, an i layer and n layer where an electromotive force is generated when the cell is irradiated by light. The amorphous solar cell includes an upper cell and a lower cell which each have an i layer. The upper and lower cells are stacked so that the upper cell is located on the light incident side.    An output end of the upper cell and an output end of the lower cell are connected in parallel. The thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 300 angstroms or less. Because the thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 3000 angstroms or less, the amorphous solar cell has a high initial photoelectric conversion efficiency and properties which are unlikely to be degraded by light.    ADVANTAGE -   High photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduced light degradation. @(First major country equivalent to J02000378)@ @(14pp Dwg.No.1/15)@
(EP478839-A)      Device comprises photovoltaic regions formed on an insulating substrate, each comprising lower electrode (2), semiconductor layer (3) and upper electrode (4). The regions are interconnected by conductive paths each extending from an edge portion (21) of the lower electrode to an edge portion (41) of the upper electrode of an adjacent region, the path comprising an alloy wall formed of a melt of the upper and lower electrode layers. Each conductive path extends through the lower electrode in each region.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In a solar cell, photosensor etc. Design provides an increased light receiving area, improved semiconductor layer quality and enhanced durability and output. (First major country equivalent to J02268472-A)
(US5039352-A)      The external wall element has a number of panes. One pane has at least one radiation-focusing holographic element. A radiation receiving element is arranged behind the holographic element and in the focal plane. The pane and the radiation receiving element are movable relative to one another, so that the incident radiation is alternatively focused onto the radiation receiving element or conducted entirely or partially past the radiation receiving element. This offers the possibility to either transmit radiation into the building or to use the incident radiation entirely or partially for energy generation purposes.    The adjustment of the radiation receiving element w.r.t. the pane is performed either manually by the user or in response to a thermostatic or lighting control of the building.    USE -   For buildings. @(8pp)@
(DE3915833-C2)      This is a photovoltaic system with, on one side, photovoltaic elements supplied with photons and these elements are mounted on a thin, elastic mat or netting.    Electrical resistance layers (4) for converting the current into heat are formed or mounted on the back of the photovoltaic elements (1,2). These photovoltaic elements are directly combined with the resistance layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Suitable for solar cell techniques. Heating energy can be produced with low light intensities.
(US4968355-A)      The solar tracking mechanism comprises a light-weight space-frame assembly supporting an array of point-focus Fresnel lenses in a two-axis tracking structure.    The system is enclosed under a glass cover which isolates it from environmental exposure and enhances tracking accuracy by eliminating wind loading.    Tracking accuracy is also enhanced by the system's broad based tracking support. The system's primary intended application would be to focus highly concentrated sunlight into optical fibres for transmission to core building illumination zones, and the system may also have potential for photovoltaic or photothermal solar energy conversion.    ADVANTAGE -   Incorporates number of practical features that give it superior environmental resilience and exceptional tracking accuracy.    (14pp)
(DE3913582-C)      An electric generator for a space shuttle/spaceship has a turbine (1) held into the edge of the thrust stream to power a transmission (2) coupled to the generator (5) on the rear of the vehicle. The generator powers the auxiliary circuits on the vehicle. The turbine is mounted on a folding support (3) which is swung out into the operating position when in flight. Stays (6) hold the turbine in the optimum position.    ADVANTAGE -   No separate power generator required, uses force of thrust stream.    (3pp)
(US5406936-A)      A cross-piece is arranged parallel to an eaves line and on overlying roof members of the predetermined part of the associated roof surface at regular intervals. Connecting members is mounted on the crosspieces at regular intervals are to be orthogonal to the crosspieces.    Solar energy collection members are laid between the connecting members. The overlying roof members of the associate roof are arranged to enclose the predetermined part of the roof surface.    Support members are mounted at peripheral edges of the predetermined part of the roof surface to cover upper side and outside surfaces of the crosspieces. A lower end of each support member is brought into contact with an upper side fo the overlying roof members. Receiving portions are formed at outside lower ends of connecting members disposed in close proximity to side edges of the predetermined part of the roof surface, each of the receiving portions being open to receive one of the support members.
(US7259634-N)      Passivation layer for reflective Ag or other metal layer of a flexible mirror is formed by a Si nitride layer which is deposited on the substrate before metal deposition to form a diffusion barrier. The barrier can also be formed over the metal crating, giving a dense transparent coating, so that mirrors can be used as front reflective mirrors.    ADVANTAGE -   Chemical degradation of the Ag is prevented. @(34pp)@
(JP2650160-B2)      Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit.
(US5084630-A)      This wave powered generator system incorporates a deck supported in a cantilevered fashion from a pier structure and extending over the coastal area of a sea. The deck supports plurality of paddle and hydraulic cylinder units. Each paddle and hydraulic cylinder unit has a paddle that is pivotally mounted to swing under the force of ocean waves. Connecting arms between the paddle and its pivot incorporate hydraulic cylinders that allow the paddle to be vertically adjusted according to variations in the height of the sea. In addition, the paddle has extendable wings for enlarging or reducing the effective size of the paddle in response to variations in the height and velocity of the waves.    The pumping is caused by a piston and cylinder associated with each paddle. Hydraulic fluid pumped by the piston and cylinder flows to an accumulator that incorporates a hydraulic fluid chamber with collapsible gas vessels in it.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides constant flow of hydraulic fluid to generator station. @(8pp)@
(DE3937019-C)      The photovoltaic power generator has the incident solar energy fed via a lens (1/1) and an optical fibre (1/5) to a solar cell matrix (1/7). The light reception modules (1/2) are incorporated in the surface of a parabolic dish which tracks the movement of the sun across the sky. The solar cell matrix is divided into a number of modules, each having 4 solar cells. The solar cell modules are arranged in a number of vacuum modules, to which the optical fibre bundles are coupled.    ADVANTAGE -   Compact design with improved efficiency.    ()
(US5032527-A)      A method of forming a lead out electrode in an integrated -type photovoltaic device, including several photoelectric conversion cells connected in series on a transparent insulator substratee comprises: forming several transparent front electrodes separated from each other on the substrate, corresponding to the photoelectric conversion cells; forming an elongated conductor on and along one side of a first one of the front electrodes, at least one end portion of the elongated conductor being enlarged to a right triangular shaped configuration. An elongated insulator along adjacent to the inside edge of the elongated conductor on the first transparent electrode, at least one portion of the elongated insulator ending with a short narrow segment along the hypotenuse of the right triangular shape. A semiconductor photo-active layer is formed on the substrate so as to cover the front electrode, the elongated conductor and insulator. A back electrode layer is formed on the semiconductor layer, scanning by relative movement of a first energy beam directed to the elongated insulator from above the back electrode layer for separating a lead-out electrode portion from the laminate of the back electrode layer and the semiconductor layer. The scanning comprises: a first scanning step at an approx. constant speed along the elongated insulator passing through the opposite end portions at an approx. constant speed along the short narrow segment, a second scanning step at an approx. constant speed along the short narrow segment. The second scanning step passes through the opposite end portions of the short narrow segment.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Simple method for forming narrow lead-out electrodes in an integrated-type photovoltaic device, including photoelectric conversion cells, which are connected in series on a single substrate. (First major country equivalent to J02219283-A) @(13pp Dwg.No.3C/5)@
(EP390980-B1)      Device for obtaining energy from water, consisting of a cylindrical member (2) which is vertically positioned in water and open in the underside, a piston element (3) which is vertically reciprocally movable in said cylindrical member (2), a magnetic cylindrical element (6) mounted on the upper side of said piston element, a free floating member (4) provided vertically below said piston element (3), and apertures (8) between the piston element (3) and the floating member (4), whereby along the trajectory of said cylindrical element a winding (7) of an electrical generator for producing electrical energy is provided.
(US4966254-A)      The apparatus comprises a stationary frame (1) fixedly mounted on a floor of an apparatus's carrier such as marine vessels. A pair of horizontal rotating axles (3, 5) substantially are perpendicular to each other. One (3) of the axles (3, 5) is rotatably mounted on the stationary frame (1) while the other (5) is rotatably mounted on the first one (3). Swinging pendulums (2, 7a, 7b) are each fixedly mounted on each of the rotating axles (3, 5) for driving the rotating axles (3, 5) under the influence of the extrinsic oscillation motions to which the swinging pendulums (2, 7a, 7b) are subjected.    One-way clutches (8a, 8b) are mounted on each of the rotating axles (3, 5) and an auxiliary axle converts rotation of each of the axles (3, 5) into a unidirectional rotation of each of the one-way clutches (8a, 8b). A gear train combines the rotations of the one-way clutches (8a, 8b) into a rotation of a torque-output shaft.    USE -   For converting oscillation motions, e.g. those of ocean waves, into constant torque. @(11pp)@    (JP10299639-A)      The apparatus has a hairspring with its inner end wound and fixed to a hairspring shaft which is rotated by a main shaft in one direction. A first gear (36), with one end fixed outside the hairspring, is rotatably fitted to the hairspring shaft. A ratchet (50) rotates with a second gear (47) in a gear series which meshes with the first gear.    A clamp (51) is used to perform the clamping rotation of the ratchet. A third gear (39) has a clamp release component (39a) which cancels the clamping rotation of the ratchet by the clamp when the third gear meshes with the first and second gears.    ADVANTAGE -   Discharges stored torque when torque is more than predetermined value. Obtains stabilised torque that drives high load apparatus and constant speed apparatus.
(JP2525475-B2)      Laminate comprises a moulded organic high polymer, and a transparent conductive layer of crystalline I oxide formed on the moulded polymer. The crystal grain size of the crystalline I oxide is below 0.3 micron.    The crystalline In oxide layer is pref. prepd. by forming a layer contg. In oxide, with an absorption coefft. at a wavelength of 550 nm of 1 x 10 power -3 -2 x 10 power -3 (A power -1), and a resistivity below 2 x 10 power -2 ohms cm and heat-treating the layer in the O2 atmos., so that the layer is converted to a layer contg. crystalline In oxide. The heat treatment temp. is 100-250 deg.C. The organic polymer is polyimide, polyethersulphone, polyparabanic acid, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for transparent touch panels, electroluminescence, electrophotography, antistatic materials, face heaters, solid displays, optical memories, photoelectric conversion devices, optical communication, solar energy materials, etc. The laminate has good durability and reliability. The prodn. by sputtering is efficient. @(6pp)
(US5226342-A)      The locking device (100) includes a pivoting ratchet (10) and a component (30) that is movable between two extreme stop positions. The pivoting ratchet (10) is symmetrical about a plane including its pivot axis (35), and it includes first and second locking fingers (15,25) each of which is designed to engage in stable manner and under the action of a load (F) acting on the moving component (30) in a correspondng one of symmetrical notches (50a,50b) formed in the moving component.    A spring (20) is mounted in prestressed state so that, for a given resilient reaction (R1), the distance of the reaction from the pivot axis (35) of the ratchet (10) in either of the two stable locking positions is such that the ratchet (10) is unlocked by applying the smallest load that is likely to be applied to the moving component (30) in the direction that tends to switch it from one extreme stop position to the other.    USE -   The device is applicable in space, in particular for telescopes and solar cell panels, and for docking devices.    (JP3112477-B2)      The lock (100) has a notched bar (30), moving between two stops, and a pivoting ratchet (10). The ratchet is symmetrical about its pivot (35), and has first (15) and second (25) pawls engaging with one of the symmetrical notches (50a,50b) in the mobile bar.    A pre-tensioned spring (20) holds the ratchet in one of two positions, until the ratchet (10) is unlocked by a force in the opposite direction.    USE -   Self-locking and self-releasing bidirectional locking mechanism for telescopes and solar generator panels, anchoring devices, screwdrivers, automatic tool dispensers, position or inverted movement detectors. @(39pp Dwg.No.3/17)@
(US5009719-A)      Tandem solar cell comrpises (a) an upper solar cell for converting relatively short wavelength incident light into electricity, comprising a first crystalline semiconductor having a first lattice constant and a first energy band gp. b) an intermediate solar cell for converting relatively long wavelength incident light, that has passed through a), into electricity, comprising a second crystalline semiconductor having a second energy band gp. smaller than the first energy band gp. c) a lower solar cell for converting relatively long wavelength incident light, that has passed through b) into electricity, comprising a third crystalline semiconductor havin a third energy band gap, smaller than the second energy band gap, and d) crystalline semiconductor buffer layers, respectively disposed between a) and b) and between b) and c), each buffer layer having an energy band gap layer than the first energy band gap, and a lattice constant about the same as the first lattice constant, and including a tunneling junction, within each of the buffer layers.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has an upper solar cell with improved crystallinity without reducing the light transmissivity of a buffer layer disposed between the upper and lower cells.    (9pp)    (DE4004559-C2)      This photovoltaic semiconductor element has a tandem structure with an upper solar cell (20) which absorbs light in the short wave region, a lower solar cell (10) which converts light penetrating from the upper solar cell, and a lattice-matching buffer layer (50) between the two solar cells, with a tunnel junction region (55).    This buffer layer consists of semiconductor material having larger gap bands than the semiconductor material used for the upper solar cell. The buffer layer consists of a zinc selenium alloy with a charge-carrier density in the region of 10 power(-19)/cm2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Suitable for photovoltaic techniques. There is improvement in efficiency.
(EP400807-B1)      A radiation shield (24) adapted to be interposed between a reaction zone (18) and a means (12) for condensing an alkali metal vapour in a thermoelectric generator (10) for converting heat energy directly to electrical energy, characterised in that said radiation shield (24) comprises a woven wire mesh screen (24), the spacing between the wires forming said mesh screen being such that said radiation shield reflects infrared radiation (30) from said reaction zone (18) back toward said reaction zone (14) while permitting the passage of said alkali metal vapour (28) therethrough to said condensing means (12).
(US5022929-A)      The solar collector has a roof shaped structure (1) serving as a support for a front and rear panels (2,3), in form of elongated rectangles having the same dimensions as the faces of the structure (1) on which various solar energy collecting devices are mounted, and whose top longitudinal edges are hinged to a common rotation axis coinciding with the ridge line of the structure (1). Combined wtih a support, this roof shaped structure (1) forms an assembly which, by means of appropriate mechanisms, can move about a vertical rotation axis. The solar collector is also provided with two different orientation systems. The first system, operating in azimuth, enables the moving assembly to rotate about its vertical axis, with its plane solar collectors facing the sun. The second system operating in elevation, enables the front and back panels (2,3) to rotate about their common horizontal axis and keep the same inclinations, normal to the sun's rays. This second orientation system constitutes the main improvement brought by the present invention to this solar collector device.    (11pp)
(GB2228978-B)      A wave turbine comprising a rotary device having a plurality of vanes angularly spaced from each other around the axis of rotation of the device, the vanes being movably mounted on the device between two positions about an axis extending at an angle to the vertical with at least one of the vanes, when suspended from the device in the absence of fluid flow, being arranged to extend at an angle to the vertical, the turbine being characterised in that the turbine is arranged to receive waves alternately in an upwards and a downwards direction with a side of at least one vane being arranged to be engaged by a wave flowing downwardly to cause rotation in a first direction and a side of at least one vane being arranged to be engaged by a wave flowing upwardly to cause rotation in the first direction.    (EP384757-B1)      A fluid turbine comprising a rotary device having a plurality of vanes (a,b,c,d,e,f) angularly spaced from each other around the axis of rotation of the device, the vanes being movably mounted on the device between two positions about an axis extending at an angle to the vertical with at least one of the vanes, when suspended from the device in the absence of fluid flow, being arranged to extend at an angle to the vertical, the axis of rotation being arranged, in use, such that the parts of the device spaced from the axis that move around the axis are arranged to pass over and beneath the axis characterised in that the turbine is arranged to receive fluid flow alternately in an upwards and a downwards direction with a side of at least one vane being arranged to be engaged by fluid flowing downwardly to cause rotation in a first direction and a side of at least one vane being arranged to be engaged by fluid flowing upwardly to cause rotation in the first direction.
(US5157922-A)      The device for generating energy from potential energy of a moving vehicle has a plate assembly supported by the bearing support such that the assembly is lowered by the force of gravity of a vehicle travelling over the assembly. A pressure equalising reservoir is adapted to retain water and air. A flexible container assembly containing air is in fluid communication with the reservoir. A duct is in fluid communication with said reservoir. A valve member is positioned in line with the first reservoir and the first duct. A first motor is positioned in line with the first reservoir and the first duct. A first motor is positioned in line with the first duct and downstream from the first reservoir. A water storage container is supported by the plate assembly.    A valve actuator opens the valve such that the increased pressure in the first reservoir is released through the forcing of water from the first reservoir, through the first duct, and past the first motor in a motor driving fashion. A directing device directs water that has exited the first reservoir into the water storage container. The water level increases at a time when the vehicle travels over the plate assembly so as ot assist the vehicle in lowering the plate assembly.    USE -   For motor vehicle.
(US5035753-A)      The solar cell comprises a set of series connected photoelectric conversion structures formed on a substrate.    The conversion structure consists of a first semi-conductor film on a P-type, an intrinsic semiconductor film formed on the first semiconductor film such that one end thereof extends beyond an end of the first semiconductor film and a second semiconductor film of a second, opposite conductivity type formed on the intrinsic semiconductor film such that one end thereof extends beyond the extended end of the intrinsic semiconductor film and makes direct electrical contact with an end of the first semiconductor film of the adjacent structure. (First major country equivalent to J02177374) @(9pp Dwg.No.2A/4)@
(US5063336-A)      The system for stabilising a support comprises a working rotor mounted on the support by frictionless bearings and fixed to a working member for which at least one parameter associated with the rotation of the working rotor is variable as a function of time. A nested reaction rotor is mounted concentrically relative to the working rotor by frictionless bearings such as magnetic bearings or gas bearings and it supports a reaction inertia member.    A single servo-controlled electric motor is interposed between the working rotor and the reaction rotor in order to drive the working rotor and the reaction rotor in opposite directions in such a manner that the torque disturbances generated on the support by the motion of the working rotor are cancelled by the simultaneous reaction motion of the reaction rotor. The ratio of the speeds of the working rotor and reaction rotor are such that the total angular momentum of the working rotor and of the reaction rotor is kept equal to zero.    ADVANTAGE -   Accurate, compact.@(7pp)@
(US4994879-A)      A photoelectric transducer with a light path of increased length comprises: a planar transduction element having a thickness separating an incident light surface and an opposite surface where incident light causes photoelectric conversion; an optically transparent protective layer provided on at least one of the surfaces to reduce carrier recombination and prevent introduction of impurities into the surface; an optically transparent textured layer with a textured surface and a planar surface, formed on the protective layer so that the planar surface is in contact with the protective layer. Pref. (i) the textured layer is conductive and in ohmic contact with the associated surface of the planar transduction element portion at which the protective layer is provided by way of holes formed in a portion of the protective layer; (ii) the protective layer is formed of Si nitride; (iii) the textured surface is formed of Sn oxide, and hs a diagonal of length at least 0.15u microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Photoelectric transducer with light path of increased length, and having minimum electrical degradation. Increased conversion efficiency is therefore attained. (First major contry equivalent to J02143569-A)
(US5041391-A)      The method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device has a number of photovoltaic cells connected in series on an insulative substrate. A number of first electrodes (13a, 13b, 13c; 23a, 23b, 23c) having respective first extended portions (13ae, 13be, 13ce, 23ae, 23be, 23ce) (11; 21) are formed on the insulating substrate. The number of first electrodes with a photo-active semiconductor layer (14; 24). A number of second electrodes (15a, 15b, 15c; 25a, 25b, 25c) are formed on the semiconductor layer. The second electrodes have respective second extended portions (15ae, 15be, 15ce; 25ae, 25be, 25cd) which overlap the corresponding first extended portions, to thereby the corresponding first electrodes. Series connections are formed by causing an energy beam to irradiate regions where the second extended portions overlap the first extended portions.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduced contamination.    (9pp)
(US5043024-A)      The solar cell has a substrate for supporting the solar cell disposed directly below and electrically connected to the solar cell. Several claw devices mount and mechanically stabilise the solar cell and substrate attached to at least one edge portion of the susbtrate. At least some of the claw devices are electrically conductive and thereby additionally serve for carrying electrical current generated in the solar cells.    (7pp)
(US5071491-A)      The solar cell generator, has a number of solar cells mounted on a support. A frame externally surrounds the solar cells mechanically connected to the support and electrically connected to the solar cells. The frame consists of a number of frame elements, at least two of the frame elements consist of electrically conductive material and then separated by electrically insulating material. Each frame element is disposed externally and is accessible to simultaneously mechanically stabilise the solar cell generator and carry current generated in the solar cells. The at least two frame elements are composed of electrically conductive plastic.    USE -   For securing solar cell equipment.    (6pp)
(JP2964146-B2)      Prepn. of titanium thin film capacitor of an organic titanium cpd. having formula (I) is coated on surface of a metal by water surface development method, and heated to form TiO2 dielectric coating film. In formula R = alkyl gp.    Pref. a titanium thin film capacitor is prepd. from monomolecular film of 2-octyl propane titanium potassium dioxide is laminated on 50mm x 50 mm x 0.5 mm size titanium plate with LB method, and heat oxidised at 850-1000 deg. C. Pref. R is 8-18C. The capacitor has permittivity of 150.0 kHz, electrostatic capacity of 0.750 micro F/sq.cm at 0.2 micron, 0.150 micro F/sq. cm at 1.0 micron and dielectric breakdown voltage of 75 V/micorn.    ADVANTAGE -   The capacitor has higher electrostatic capacity and insulation voltage.
(US5027000-A)      Wave energy converters convert wave energy into air pressure a constant air pressure tank for storing the air pressure from the wave energy converters to equalise the fluctuation of the air pressure. An air turbine is stationarily driven by the equalised air pressure, an electric generator for generating stable electricity using the rotating power of the air turbine. The wave energy converters are settled to the bottom of the sea and are sufficiently tall to function as wave dissipation facilities.    The air pressure in the constant air pressure tank is automatically controlled toward a target value by a controller. The target value is calculated by the controller in accordance with measured values of wave amplitude and period and the current air pressure of the constant air pressur tank. The wave power generating system can operate at the most efficiency when the air pressure in the constant air pressure tank is set to the target value.    USE -   Generating system for generating electricity using natural wave power. @(20pp)@
(US4981525-A)      The substrate has its surface coated with an insulative layer, on which a large number of photoelectric converter elements are electrically connected to each other in series. This is accomplished by connecting the first back electrode layer of one of photoelectric converter elements adjoining each other with the second back electrode layer of the other. Electrical connection o these electrode layers in series does not affect the effective area used for photoelectric conversion.    Electrical contact of the transparent light-receiving electrode layer and the second back electrode layer is achieved via contact contact holes each having a diameter identical to the diameter of those of the insulative and semiconductive layers. As a result, a sufficient insulative distance is provided between the transparent electrode layer and the first back electrode layer so that occurrence of accidental short circuit is securely prevented.    ADVANTAGE -   Can withstand high temp. operation due to insulative substrate. @(First major country equivalent to J02098975)@
(US5255666-A)      The solar electric conversion unit and system includes a short focal length fresnel lens extruded to further include depending side walls. The free edges of the sides carry a heat sink supporting a photovoltaic cell.    The extruded side walls function as light pipes for carrying light directly to the photovoltaic cell. The walls are reflective inwardly of the unit to further avoid loss of stray light.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased efficiency and reduced losses.
(JP3147352-B2)      Filtering waste liq. for grinder comprises filtering the liq. into a sludge, using a main filter and liq., mixing the sludge with a part of the liq. by back washing the main filter, and feeding the mixed sludge to a dewatering filter.    USE -   For metal machining facilties. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/3)
(US5009721-A)      Solar cell, for use in a device in which solar cell elements are interconnected, comprises a) a solar cell element for converting light into electricity, including a photo responsive junction in a semiconductor body on which are disposed first and second electrodes, b) an interconnector for interconnecting element (I) to another element (I) joined to the first electrode, and c) a metal film disposed between and welded to the first electrode and b). The welded area between c) and the first electrode is about three times the welded area between c) and b).    Pref. film c) comprises Ag and Au.    ADVANTAGE -   New device has a high and stable welding strength between the solar cell element and interconnectors. @(7pp)@    (EP356033-B1)      A solar cell device in which a plurality of solar cell elements (2) provided with electrodes (3) are connected by means of interconnectors (5), wherein a metal film (6) is provided between one electrode (3) of each solar cell element (2) and the corresponding interconnector (5), the welding area (8) between said metal film (6) and said electrode (3) being larger than the welding area (7) between said metal film (6) and said interconnector (5).
(US4892268-A)      A command control and propulsion unit for ballistic munitions, including a wind-driven propeller, is attached to a front end of the body of the munition for activation of an alternator. The electric power generated by the alternator activates a pump that feeds liquid fuel to a rocket motor oxidized by a liquid oxygen coming from a tank housed in a cradle.    The cradle is coupled to a saddle, radially opposite from the cradle, which is provided with hinged and foldable sings. The body of the munition is coupled between the saddle and the cradle.
(US5071490-A)      The amorphous solar cell is provided having a junction structure of a p layer, an i layer and n layer where an electromotive force is generated when the cell is irradiated by light. The amorphous solar cell includes an upper cell and a lower cell which each have an i layer. The upper and lower cells are stacked so that the upper cell is located on the light incident side.    An output end of the upper cell and an output end of the lower cell are connected in parallel. The thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 300 angstroms or less. Because the thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 3000 angstroms or less, the amorphous solar cell has a high initial photoelectric conversion efficiency and properties which are unlikely to be degraded by light.    ADVANTAGE -   High photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduced light degradation. @(First major country equivalent to J02000378)@ @(14pp Dwg.No.1/15)@
(US4968372-A)      Prodn. of flexible carrier substrate for a photovoltaic solar generator, comprises (i) providing a synthetic film having a hardened coating of an adhesive on the surface, and adhesion promoting layer and glass filament fabric which is satd. with unhardened silicone adhesive; (ii) introducing a tear-away fabric into the unhardened silicone_ adhesive; (iii) hardening the adhesive under vaccum to produce a hardened laminate; and (iv) removing the tear-away fabric so that a torn-away, structured silicone surface remains on the laminate for adhesive attachment of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Substrate is resistant to atomic oxygen so it may travel in Earth orbit in environment contg. atomic oxygen, without degradation. @(4pp)@    (DE3827433-C2)      Prodn. of flexible carrier/substrate for solar photovoltaic generators comprises application of adhesive to a heat-processable polyimide foil laminate; heating to cure the adhesive, e.g. at 140C/1 bar for more than 4 hrs.; application of a silicone adhesive and glass silk tissue to the substrate surface, impregnating the tissue with the resin; application of a detachable material (e.g. polyamide-6,6); and hardening under reduced pressure.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The detachable layer is removed prior to mounting a solar cell with the adhesive on to these substrates. The prodn. avoids the use of hazardous etching agents prior to attachment of the solar cell.
(DE3824226-C)      The solar scale comprises at least one solar cell and a known cradle device having an electronic control unit and an indicator unit fastened on it. A weight-receiving member receives a fluorescing collector having at least one solar cell laterally positioned on it. The collector comprises a fluorescing plate on which a transparent protective layer is applied. Pref. the solar cells are in the form of semiconductor material comprising amorphous or polycrystalline or monocrystalline silicon, or comprises gallium arsenide, or the solar cells comprise a layer sequence of tandem cells.    ADVANTAGE -   New scale has adequate energy supply, even for unfavourable light rates.    (8pp)
Manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material sealed in zinc casing through separator. The separator is composed of paper material on which paste material contg. ester-type polyethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, in which addition mol. number of ethylene oxide is at least 8, is applied.    The manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material consisting of mixt. of active substance principally composed of manganese dioxide and electrolyte, which is sealed in zinc casing through separator. The surfactant was added in the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   In storage, corrosion of zinc is sufficiently suppressed for practical use, without amalgamation treatment with mercury.    In an example, 30 wt. parts of natural manganese dioxide, 50 wt. parts of electrolytic manganese dioxide, and 20 wt. parts of acetylene black were mixed. Electrolyte consisting of 100 wt. parts of water, 35 wt. parts of ZnCl2, and 5 wt. parts of NH4Cl was added to the mixed powder to prepare the anodic mixed material. For the paste material, 20 wt. parts of corn starch, 5 wt. parts of 50% ZnCl2 aq. soln., 5 wt. parts of 25% NH4Cl, and 70 wt. parts of water were mixed. Then 0.25 wt.% of the surfactant of formula (I) was added to the mixt. where m is addition mol number of ethylene oxide. The paste was applied on the paper separator. Dry cell was made of the anodic mixed material, the separator and zinc casing.
(EP402635-B1)      A device for the electrical connection of a battery pole to at least one connection cable, which device comprises a flat metal plate (5) extending laterally from the pole head (4) towards the edge of the cover and has at least one connection pole, characterised in that the connection pole is a bolt (7) which is insertable through a bore in the metal plate (5) and whose nut (8) is mounted in a non-losable and non-rotatable manner in a depression of the cover (1) located below the bore, and that a slot (9), accommodating the cable shoe (10) of the connection cable, is formed, between the metal plate and the cover located therebelow, in the lead-in region of the bolt by a shallow recess which is located in the surface of the cover and which extends up to the edge of the cover.
(US7454608-N)      Moisture content and temp. of hydrogen and oxygen gases is regulated during their passage through a fuel cell incorporating a solid polymer membrane. At least one of the gases traverses a first flow field adjacent the solid polymer membrane, where chemical reactions occur to generate an electric current.    A second flow field is located sequential with the first flow field and incorporates a membrane for effective water transport. A control fluid is then circulated adjacent hte second membrane on the face opposite the fuel cell gas where moisture is either transported from the control fluid to humidify a fuel gas e.g. H2 or to the control fluid to prevent excess water build-up in the oxidiser gas, e.g. O2.    ADVANTAGE -   Evapn. of water into the control gas, and the control gas temp. act to control the fuel cell gas temps.. (37pp)
(US5147735-A)      In a method of operating a solid electrolyte fuel cell, having a porous support, air electrode, electrolyte, and fuel or porous air electrode, electrolyte, and fuel electrode, O-enriched air is supplied to the air electrode and fuel, prepd. by steam reformation of hydrocarbon, followed by CO conversion, dehydration and decarbonation, is supplied to the fuel electrode. Fuel is recycled and mixed with hydrocarbon prior to reforming.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased output density, minimum fuel loss.    (JP2926259-B2)      Solid electrolyte fuel cell includes a number of cells each including, in order: a porous support, an air electrode, an electrolyte and a fuel electrode, or a porous air electrode which acts as a support, in either case O2-rich air being supplied to the air electrode, steam-reformed hydrocarbon fuel being supplied to the fuel electrode, and the fuel being recycled.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has increased output density and min. fuel loss and has a uniform temp. in the generating chamber.
(DE3918190-C)      Process for removing H2 bubbles and/or dissolved H2 from water comprises treatment with a Pd - or Pt-coated metal structure (e.g. fine particles, capillaries, sieves, foam, etc) which adsorbs H2 and/or treatment with a semipermeable membrane. Typical metal alloys are prepd. from metals of IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, IIA, VIII and IB e.g. Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cu or Ag with a 10-100 nm coating of Pd or Pt.    USE -   Process is applicable to the removal of H2 from process water ultilised in nuclear power stations. (8pp)
(US4978589-A)      Fuel cell comprises a plurality of fuel cell elements (I) stacked via separator plates. Each (I) comprises an electrolyte plate (II), cathode and an anode, (II) being sandwiched by the cathode and the anode. Oxidising gas and fuel gas are supplied to each (I), in the same direction in one element (I), but in the direction opposite the gas flow of an adjacent element (I). Passages for the oxidising gas and the fuel gas are formed by projections provided on both faces of the separator plate. The stack of the cathode and the anode define a power generation part of the fuel cell. The improvement is that preheating devices are provided as a part of the fuel cell next to the power generation part in the direction of the gases flow, in a manner such that both incoming and outgoing gases pass through the preheating devices. The preheating devices comprise heat exchange promoting elements, provided on both faces of the separator plate, such that the heat is transferred from the outgoing gases to the incoming gases.    ADVANTAGE -   External preheating device is not required and the gas temp. in the supply passage and in the discharge passage are both low, relative to known cells.    (8pp)
Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd.
(US5110516-A)      Producing lead wire of hard C comprises (1) uniformly mixing and dispersing a mixt. compsn. comprising a monomer or a precondensate of furan resin, binder contg. Cl-contg. vinyl resin. Cl-contg. vinyl resin being the only ingredient that is carbonised after calcining, and C powder; (2) applying high shearing force to mixt. compsn.; (3) moulding compsn. to obtain a preliminary moulding; (4) extrusion moulding the preliminary moulding in rod shape; (5) insolubilising and infusibilising the rod-shaped moulding; and (6) calcining the rod shaped moulding in an inert gas atmos..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Lead wires for supplying power to fuel battery, having excellent corrosion resistance against electrolyte in fuel battery, light wt., high hardness and high mechanical strength.    (GB2231560-B)      A process for producing electrical lead wires of hard carbon comprising the steps of mixing carbon powder with binder containing as main ingredients monomer or precondensate of furan resin and a chlorine-containing vinyl resin, uniformly mixing and kneading the resulting mixture, extrusion moulding the kneaded composition to form a rod, insolubilising and infusibilising the rod, and then calcining and carbonising the rod in an inert atmosphere.
(US5079105-A)      The device comprises (a) flat ceramic fuel cells arranged in stacks around a central reaction space where the endothermic conversions CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2 and CH4+H2O=CO+3H2 are performed, each cell being acted on one side by a gaseous oxygen carrier and on the other by a gaseous fuel, (b) at least on gas jet pump per individual stack of cells to transport and mix a part of an O2 excess and ballast gas with the gaseous oxygen carrier (c) a central gas jet pump to transport and mix a part of a fuel excess and gaseous reaction prods. CO2 and H2O with the fuel, and (d) a central perforated feed pipe for the gaseous fuel, extending into the reaction space.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used to convert chemical energy from hydrocarbons into electrical energy by an electrochemical high temp. process. Simple design, easy to operate, no complicated temp. or power control and improved efficiency. @(8pp)@
(US4997727-A)      The stack of flat, planar high-temperature fuel cells, comprises: a number of cells connected in series and which include a zirconium oxide solid electrolyte. Gas-tight, electrically conductive separation plates are placed between the cells. A device seals adjacent, plate-shaped components of the cells on the periphery in planes that are perpendicular to the plane of each of the plates, and simultaneously, by lateral overlapping edge portions of the components for centreing of the components with respect to one another.    Each of the separation plates comprises two opposite sides with oxygen-side sealing edges and third and fourth opposite sides which are perpendicular to the first and second opposite sides and which include fuel-side sealing edges that overlap adjacent fuel cells and contact surfaces that are common with edge portions of the fuel cells and lie tightly against one another.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved reliability. Simplified structure. @(6pp)@
(US5175061-A)      In the high temp. fuel cell, 02 is supplied to the cathode in the form of an 02-contg. gas mixed with a CO2-contg. gas. The 02-contg. gas is at least 99.5% 02. A cathode exhaust gas contg. 02 and CO2 is withdrawn from the cathode, cooled, compressed to the pressure of the cathode chamber and employed at least partially as the CO2- and 02-contg. gas by a recycling system. The 02-contg. gas is obtd. by low temp. air sepn.    ADVANTAGE -   As no N2 needs to be discharged, a much lower proportion of CO2 is lost than in the prior art. Cell efficiency is improved.
(US5063122-A)      The fuel cell assembly comprises at least two permanently combined fuel cells each having an anode, a cathode and an ion-conducting solid electrolyte. The fuel cells are combined to form a fuel cell block including at least one group of inner layers and two outer layers. The outer layers are electrically conducting. At least one group of inner layers includes a middle layer serving as solid electrolyte. A layer serving as the cathode is provided between one of the outer layers and the middle layer. A layer serving as the anode between the other of the outer layers and the middle layer. The layers serving as cathodes and anodes are gas permeable and between 0.1mm and 1mm thick. The layers serving as solid electrolytes and electrically conducting layers are 50 to 200 micrometres thick, are gas tight and have surfaces on both sides with contact layers disposed on the surfaces. The fuel cell block has channels for feeding and withdrawing air and channels for feeding and withdrawing fuel and reaction products.    @(1pp
(US5079103-A)      The appts. comprises (a) a high temp. fuel cell with anode and cathode chambers and a molten carbonate electrolyte, (b) CO2 sepg. means comprising a scrubber communicating with the anode chamber (c) means to increase the pressure of a sepd. component stream from the scrubber, (d) a recycle conduit means communicating with the pressure increasing means and anode chamber to permit gas to be recycled to the cathode chamber, (e) hydrogen sepn. means comprising a PSA means communicating with the scrubber to separate H2 from residual gas withdrawn from the scrubber, (f) a natural gas desulphurising means upstream of the anode, used as a hydrogen source, and (g) conduit means from the H2 sepn. means into the desulphurisation means.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved efficiency of utilisation of the anode waste gas. @(5pp)@
(US5049456-A)      Electroconductive interconnecting member comprises ceramics material comprising a mixt. of 100 pts. wt. lanthanum chromite of compsn. LaCrO3 with not more than 2.0 pts.wt. of the total amt. of oxide(s) of metal(s) of Si, Ti, Fe, Al, Cu, B, Ni Cr or Mn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Prodn. of interconnector for SOFC etc. and has a high density. Sintered body has high mechanical strength and electroconductivity in high sinterability.@(10pp)    (EP395400-B1)      An electroconductive interconnecting member consisting of a ceramics material consisting essentially of a mixture of (a) 100 parts by weight of lanthanum chromite having a composition represented by the formula LaCrO3 or the formula LaCr1-xAxO3 (wherein A represents at least one of Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Ti, and 0 is less than x up to 0.3) with (b) at least 0.1 and not more than 2.0 parts by weight in total of a metal oxide or oxides of at least one of Si, Ti, Fe, Al, Cu, B, Ni, Cr and Mn.    (JP2790653-B2)      An electroconductive interconnecting member consists of a ceramic material which essentially comprises a mixture of 100 pts. wt. of LaCrO3 with not more than 2 pts. wt. of an oxide or oxide of Si, Te, Fe, Al, Cu, B, Ni, Or (sic) or Mn. A fuel cell is claimed, which has the above interconnecting ceramic member as the interconnector.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The envisaged use is as an interconnecting member in a solid electrolyte fuel cell. The material has high mechanical strength, density and electrical conductivity, and has a thermal expansion coefft. compatible with the solid electrolyte. The material also has good sinterability at low temps.
(US5227102-A)      A conductive porous tube is produced by firing a mixt. of La, Mn or Mn-Sr cpds. at 1000-1400 deg.C to give a cpd. of formula La1-xSrxMn03 (I) where x is above zero but not more than 0.5.    The cpd. is subjected to grinding to give a powder with a particle size of 2-10 microns. The powder is mixed with organic binder and water and moulded into tubular form. After drying the tube is fired at 1300-1600 deg. C.    Pref. the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.    ADVANTAGE -   The resulting tube has a porosity of 25-35% and a compression strength (of the diametral ring) of at least 25 MPa. The tubes are suitable for use in fuel cells.    (JP94069907-B2)      Method of mfg. a conductive porous ceramic tube comprises: (1) mixing powders of La (cpd.), Mn (cpd.) and Sr (cpd.); (2) firing the mixt. at not more than 1400 deg.C to synthesise La1-xSrxMnO3 (where x = 0-0.5); (3) grinding the La1-xSrMnO3 to a powder of 2-10 microns particle dia.; (4) kneading 100 pts. wt. of the powder with an organic binder, water and 1-8 pts. wt. of pore-forming agent; (5) forming the kneaded material into a moulded tube; and (6) drying the tube, and firing it at 1300-1600 deg.C. A porous support for an electrode and/or electrolyte in a solid oxide fuel cell is also claimed, where the support is a tube formed as above.    ADVANTAGE -   Porous tube is stronger than materials previously used as solid electrolyte fuel cell electrode supports. It can be used as the electrode itself, thus simplifying mfr. and reducing mfg. costs.
(JP94037292-B2)      Porous lithium aluminate particles are produced by combining a smaller number of silica particles and a larger number of alumina particles to form larger particles; heating the larger particles in Li-contg. carbonate at 500-1000 deg. C to dissolve the silica particles in the carbonate to form lithium aluminate larger particles with pores; and cooling the larger particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Larger porous lithium aluminate particles having a desired pore size can be obtd. simply. Used to produce an electrolyte plate for molten carbonate fuel cells.
(JP2619947-B2)      Fuel cell power generator has an electric heater, a heat circulation system, a branch circulation system, and a cooler. Cooling water is circulated through the cooling system. Steam (3) is used in a heat circulating system (21) to raise the temperature of the storage water, to a suitable value to start the fuel cell at an electric heater (22). The temperature of the storage water is controlled. The circulatory system (10) is branded with a cross-valve 915). The cooler cools water at time of stoppage of the fuel cell. Control of the fuel cell inlet port circulating water is carried out. A piping connection of outflow of the cooling water of a cross-valve temperature control valve is carried out between the cross valve of the cooling water circulating system and steam. There is also a piping connection of the outflow of the cooling water of another side carried out between steam of a cooling water system, and a pump (23).    USE -   Cooling type fuel cell system is used in electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Problems due to enlargement of temperature gradient of the fuel cells, leading to reduction of engine performance, are eliminated.
(JP2526284-B2)      The battery is held at a temp. greater than the electrolyte fusing point. A small gas purge of dissolving carbonate is performed initially on the anode then the cathode. Purge gas contains the dissolving carbonate along with one from nitrogen, argon or helium. A large gas purge is perforated at a specified time prior to electricity generation using a gas comprising dissolving carbonate and carbon dioxide gas.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Batteries. Battery life is enhanced, high battery performance.
(JP2777725-B2)      The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability.
(US5051324-A)      Flattened solid electrolyte, envelope e.g. of beta alumina, for use as an electrode holder in an electrochemical cell, is mfd. from sheets (14) of a mouldable mixture of the solid electrolyte with binder having thermoplastic properties and binder having setting properties. The sheets are formed into a laterally flattened envelope, joined along peripheral edges, inside which a corrugated panel (16) of beta alumina is placed before assembly, the whole being sintered.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Anode holder for molten Na in a rechargeable electrochemical cell, reinforced against compression damage.    (DE4010907-C2)      Prodn. of solid electrolyte material sleeve comprises: (a) forming mouldable mixt. of particulate solid electrolyte material or precursor material, binder with thermoplastic property, and binder with binding property; (b) moulding into a strip; (c) moulding into sleeve; (d) forming distance spacers and reinforcing agents between main surfaces of sleeve; (e) hardening; (f) heating; and (g) sintering to form sintered body.    USE -   An electrode holder in an electrochemical cell, esp. an electrochemical high temp. cell.
(JP2640372-B2)      The method comprises contacting H with one electrode of an ionic conductor having catalytic electrodes, and an aromatic cpd. and O2 with the other electrode to obtain a partial oxide of the aromatic cpd. by fuel cell system.    Pref., the method includes making Cu, Fe and/or Sn exist with the aromatic cpd.. The method including that the catalytic electrodes comprise Pd, Pt and/or Au, or its cpd. or a mixt. of them. Pref., the cathode comprises Pd or Au and reaction temp. is (-)5-150 deg.C..    ADVANTAGE -   The method produces a partial oxide of an aromatic cpd., e.g. phenols, quinones, etc., under mild conditions by a direct single step without other auxiliary materials, a lot of by-prods. and danger of explosion. The electric power can be obtd. by the method as required.
(US5188766-A)      Prepn. of an electrically conductive polymer compsn. comprises contacting a) one or more oxidatively polymerisable aromatic cpds. selected from pyrroles, thiophenes and anilines with b) a polymer having ammonium, phosphonium or sulphonium gps. in the polymer chain(s) and contg. a polydentate, anionic complex which has a redox potential sufficient to polymerise oxidatively a) at the conditions present during contact.    The polydentate anionic complex in b) is Cr2O7(2-), MnO4(-) or Fe(CN)6(-3) pref. S2O8(2-) or B4O7(2-). The polymer compsn. is prepd. in the form of a film or coating by coating b) with an electrolyte contg. a) and a conducting salt and a potential of 1-100 V is applied between the film and a cathode.    USE -   The compsn. can be used in an electrical (semi)-conductor, an electrode material, a plastic material or a paper provided with an antistatic finishing, an electromagnetic shielding material, an electrical cell, a heating element or an electrochemical membrane.
(US5110619-A)      In a method for producing a film which is ionically conductive at least in the course of formation, a direct current voltage is applied between a porous electrode (32), on which a film (48) is formed, and a counter electrode (38), in front of and parallel to the porous electrode. An electric field then accelerates O(2-) ions within the film to reach its surface. The effect is also promoted by a low-temp. plasma between electrodes (42, 44) perpendicular to the main electrodes. Electric charges are thereby eliminated on the surface of the film.    ADVANTAGE -   Rate of film formation during the EVD process is increased.    (JP94063099-B2)      This invention relates to a method of producing a thin film comprising transporting ions in the direction of the thickness of a thin film in the course of the formation thereof and reacting the ions transported up to one surface of the thin film with a gas present in a reactor, where the rate of film formation is enhanced by removing electric charges built up on the surface of the film through a plasma formed in front of the film while applying an internal electric field in the direction of the thickness of the film. This thin film is applicable as an ion-conductive thin film of a solid electrolyte fuel cell.    (EP417306-B1)      A method of producing a film, wherein ions are transported, in the course of film formation, in a thickness direction of the film to one surface thereof where they react with a gas within a reaction chamber to form the desired film, characterised in that electric charges accumulating on said film surface are removed by establishing a plasma in front of the surface or by irradiation o the surface with charged particles.
Sealing material compsn. for cable, is mixt. of 100 wt. parts hydrophobic sealing basis material, 0.1-50 wt. parts water absorbing resin (A) and at least 0.1 wt. part cpd. (B) having general formula R2X-(-R1-X-)-n-R3 (1) where X=0 or N-R4, R1=alkylene group of 2-4C, R2,R3,R4=independently H or monovalent organic gp., and n=an 1-10,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is applied to optical cable, with high water swelling rate as it immediately stops aq. fluid penetrating the cable.
(JP2505565-B2)      The solid electrolyte fuel cell includes an electrical energy generating unit comprising an electrolyte layer, fuel and oxygen electrode layers and composite ceramic films having embedded conductive material. A corrugated ceramic membrane providing passages is located on each of the outer sides of the electrodes. Ceramic interconnection membranes are located on the outer surfaces of the corrugated membranes. The corrugated membranes are partially embedded in each of the electrode layers.    ADVANTAGE -   The thermal stress of the solid electrolyte layer is improved.
(US5093624-A)      The method of monitoring state of charge of an electric storage battery involves deliberately inducing eddy currents in conductive metallic constituents of negative plate material of the battery concerned, and detecting effects representative of the eddy currents. The state of charge of the battery is determined based on the detected eddy current effects.    An induction coil is used for inducing eddy currents by placing the induction coil in eddy-current inducing relation with the battery and applying an electric signal having a frequency of at least one kilohertz. Detection is according to at least one of amplitude and frequency effects in that signal.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For car batteries etc.. Operates in environmental conditions ranging from arctic to tropics.
(EP387393-B1)      A level transmitter, particularly for fuel tanks of motor vehicles, which has a winding forming an electrical resistance path on which a float is disposed, the height of which float can vary and which is in contact with the resistance path by means of a first sliding contact, wherein the resistance path is connected to a voltage source and the float carries a second sliding contact conductively connected to the first sliding contact, characterised in that the resistance path is a winding tube (4) forming a guide shaft which carries a contact carrier (5), which is slid on from the side in the manner of a clamp, and which is constructed with a strip conductor (6), with which the second sliding contact (8) is in contact, running in its longitudinal direction for voltage feedback.
(GB2235085-B)      A storage battery comprising: an outer casing including a generally flat top wall, a cover located over the top wall, the cover having a generally inverted U-shape so as to define a space between the cover and top wall, the ends of the cover being open, an means for retaining the cover on the casing, characterised by: the cover being sufficiently flexible so that it can be flattened against the top wall of the casing without adversely affecting the structural integrity of the cover; the cover being sufficiently resilient so that it can return to its original inverted U-shape even after being maintained in a flattened condition for a substantial period of time; and the cover being sufficiently flexible and resilient so that it can be repeatedly flattened against the top wall of the casing without adversely affecting the structural integrity of the cover, and so that it can return to its original inverted U-shape even after being repeateldy flattened against the top wall of the casing.
(US5006425-A)      Fuel cell reforming catalyst temp. is controlled by: detecting the temp. of the catalyst during operation; detecting any current flow from cell to load; setting a value for the catalyst temp. that may vary depending upon the load condition, as well as setting a range of temps. determined from the set value for the catalyst temp. based on variations in the load condition and the corresponding variations in catalyst temp; measuring any deviation between the set value and the detected temp.; and controlling the catalyst temp. when the deviation has fallen within the control range.    ADVANTAGE -   The temp. control sequence may be triggered at a time when the catalyst temp. is within the temp. control range, so that the sequence can be proceed stably and reliably and the temp. can be controlled with high precision. (First major country equivalent to J02197058-A) @(21pp Dwg.No.5/9)@    (JP2689638-B2)      The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm.
(JP2815112-B2)      Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes).
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes).
High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K.
(JP2730949-B2)      High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K.
(JP95115844-B2)      The C0 conversion reactor comprises a casing having a water vapour reforming gas inlet at one end plate and reformed gas outlet at the other end plate, and cooling pipe set in the casing charged with a conversion catalyst.    USE -   For feeding H-rich gases into fuel cells.
(US5063123-A)      Reformed fuel/air fuel cell includes one-piece separator units at the ends of each cell unit with fuel and air supply passages. The separator has pores contg. a fluoro synthetic resin so as to make the separator impermeable to the reformed fuel and air. The separator is pref. formed of C, esp. a pressed and sintered C powder.    Method comprises forming a one-piece separator; impregnating the pores with particles of a fluoro synthetic resin, pref. by vacuum impregnation of a particle suspn.; drying to remove water; removing excess particles; and melting the particles within the separator pores.    ADVANTAGE -   Separator is low-cost and prevents reformed fuel and air permeation. (First major country equivalent to J02181367-A) @(6pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
(JP2724617-B2)      Porous metal material is obtd. by sintering curly short fibres of metal. Fibres for use are those most pref., 1 mm or less in length, which are semicircular in shape. Curly fibres are obtd. by grinding the surface of a soft metal in a non-oxidising atmos., e.g. Fe, Cu, A1, Pb, Zn, Sn, Ni, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Mg, and their alloys inclusive of stainless steel. The grinder is operated at the rotary speed of 500 -2000 m/min, and the rate of advance is pref. controlled to 3 - 30 m/min. Sintering pref. is effected at a temp. lower than the prior art, i.e., at 1000 - 1100 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides a porous metal sintering having high porosity, useful as cushion material, heat and noise absorbers, filtering material, gas-permeable material, etc.
(JP2791568-B2)      Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method.
(JP2715500-B2)      Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method.
(JP2726463-B2)      (219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.
(US5023150-A)      The fuel cell power supply system includes a fuel cell and a converter which converts the DC output power of the fuel cell into the corresponding AC output power. A reduced-size converter or invertor may be employed by following the sequency consisting of checking to see whether there is an open-circuit voltage at the start-up of the fuel cell, followed by reducing the voltage across the fuel cell by using a discharging resistor and then rendering the converter or inverter operational. A switch is included, which is normally closed and selectively connects the discharging resistor and the fuel cell in parallel. This allows the fuel cell to continue to discharge when the fuel cell or system has been terminated normally or in case the appropriate control power supply should fail.    The fuel cell is thus protected against any degradation that may occur due to any residual FC gas that may remain in the fuel cell and conduit passages, by allowing any voltage caused by the residual FC gas to discharge rapidly.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows use of reduced size converter. @(First major country equivalent to J02168572)@ @(22pp Dwg.No.6/15)@
(JP2585770-B2)      Fuel battery has a passage which introduces reaction gas to the interior surface of an electrode. The direction of the gas flow can be reversed.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has uniform temp. distribution and longer life. Temp. of gas at the inlet port can be controlled.
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses.
(US4981763-A)      Electrochemical single battery comprises a pair of electrode pairs which are mutually opposed to be the electrodes where the electrochemical reaction is effected, and reaction layers (22, 23) positioned between the electrodes to carry out the electrochemical reaction. The reaction layer (22, 23) protrude alternately (22a, 23a) in the same direction from one electrode part slantwise towards the other electrode part. An electrolyte layer (21) is interposed between the reaction layers (22, 23).    Electrochemical single battery is produced by forming reaction sheets (22, 23) on both surfaces of a planar electrolyte layer sheet (21) and laminating the sheets. The reaction sheets (22, 23) are smaller than the electrolyte sheet (21). The laminated sheets are shaped into the form of bellows. The bellows shaped laminate sheet is pressed from a slant direction with respect to the sheet surface.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The battery is used as fuel cell. It has increased reaction area to augment its output density. (First major country equivalent to J02162653-A) @(10pp Dwg.No.1/14)@    (JP2797352-B2)      Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses.
(JP95033242-B2)      Reforming of fuels for fuel cells in which the raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst and steam-reformed to H-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells. Heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube such that by adding O or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer so as to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and using as reforming catalysts those in which Rh is supported on porous catalyst supports made of heat-resisting inorganic substances contg. as a principal component a single substance such as zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and aluminium oxide or their mixts..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The raw material gases contg. hydrocarbons as principal components can be steam-reformed to H-enriched gases for fuel cells efficiently by heating the reforming catalyst layer internally by partial oxidn. of hydrocarbons and using highly active Rh/ZrO2 catalysts at low temps..
(JP95025521-B2)      The raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components, are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst, and reformed to hydrogen-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells by heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube. Method comprises adding oxygen or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and at the same time heating externally the reforming catalyst layer through catalytic combustion of low calorie gases which contain the off-gas from the fuel cells as principal components.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The low calorie offgas from the fuel cells can be combusted stably through catalytic combustion. Heat is supplemented internally by the partial oxidn. which takes place in the catalyst layer of the reaction tube.
(EP380435-B1)      Current tap for electric battery terminals consisting of an approximately U-shaped clamp with a curved base (1) and two opposing orifices (12), one located near the free end of each arm (2,3), to allow the passage of a bolt with a locknut; said current tap being characterized by the clamp mouth being partly blocked by a cross-piece (4) projecting from the inner surface of one of the arms (2), and by the presence of a slight internal thickening (5) on the opposing arm (3) opposite said cross-piece (4); the internal surfaces of said cross-piece and said thickening being oriented toward the base (1) of the U, having the same curvature as said base, and defining a slightly tapering, truncated cone with axial openings, while externally rhea said cross-piece is bounded by a flat surface (7) perpendicular to the arm (2) from which it projects, and with which it forms a 90 deg. dihedral angle enclosed on one side by a wall (8) perpendicular to the line of intersection of said angle.
(US5034288-A)      Fuel cell elements, each consisting of a plane, flat sheet, are stacked on top of one another and electrically connected in series such that in each case the O electrode of one element is connected to the fuel electrode of the next. The connector is a bipolar plate of metallic, ceramic or cermet material, provided on both sides with studs or ribs which are aligned when seen perpendicularly to the plane of the plate, and the resulting cavities between the plate and unlike electrodes of neighbouring fuel cells form channels for the flow of gaseous media. The connector is Ni or Pt alloy, an electroconductive carbide or perovskite, or a Zr oxide/Ni cermet.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The high temp. solid electrolyte of stabilised Zr oxide achieves max. possible power in a min. space (claimed). Industrial prodn. is cost effective. Used for large power units. @(10pp)@
(JP2774981-B2)      Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
(JP2564634-B2)      V5-D6B
(JP2819298-B2)      Sheet matrix for use in fuel cells comprising a first layer being a mixt. of carbon powder having a low-structure as defined by having a dibutyl phthalate adsorption capability of no more than 50ml. per 100g/ of powder and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin, and a second layer comprising a mixt. of a non-carbon inert inorganic cpd. and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin. The layers are combinedf to form a sheet matrix.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sheet matrix is self-supporting and exhibits low electrolyte adsorption and high mechanical strength. It is also resistant to bowing and cracking and hence a high-bubble pressure can be maintained.
(JP95061842-B2)      The device comprises a reformer tube in a reactor chamber, and a burner at the upper centre of the chamber. The burner is composed of an exhaust fuel gas supply passage, a primary air supply passage, a sec. air supply passage, and a cooling air supply passage.    USE -   Temp. distribution is controlled by adjusting quantity of prim. and sec. air. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/4)@
(US5039579-A)      Appts. comprises molten carbonate fuel cell comprises (a) molten fuel cell having impregnated electrolyte tile between anode and cathode in respective chambers; (b) anode gas feed and exhaust gas lines connected with inlet and outlet of fuel cell; (c) cathode gas feed and exhaust line connected to cathode chamber of fuel cell; (d) fuel gas feed into anode feed line; (e) fuel gas and stream reformer; (f) carbon dioxide separator to remove dioxide from anode exhaust; (g) line for recirculating anode exhaust gas into reformer; and (h) device to feed sepd. carbon dioxide gas into cathode feed line.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Produces electrical power using molten carbonate fuel cell, to convert chemical energy of fuel to electrical power. Improves efficiency of power prodn. @(12pp)@    (US5068159-A)      Electric power is produced by (a) sepg.CO2 from an anode exhaust gas, (b) recirculating the anode exhaust gas after sepn. into the anode chamber, and (c) feeding the CO2 into the cathode chamber. CH4 is steam reformed to obtain the anode gas. The exhausted gas after sepn. is fed into the reformer together with the fuel gas and steam, then recirculated to the anode chamber.    Pref. (a) is by vapour-liq. contact with a CO2-absorbing liq. e.g. aq. alkali salt, aq. amine soln. etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in a molten carbonate type fuel cell (claimed). Improved power-producing efficiency. @(12pp)@
(US5258241-A)      A rebalance cell for a Cr/Fe redox storage system for the redn. of Fe3+ ions by means of H comprises a gas chamber for H2, a liq. chamber for Fe3+ electrolyte, and a catalyst sepg. the gas and liq. chambers. The catalyst is in the form of hydrophobised activated charcoal coated with one of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Ag. The catalyst is pref. a mat of activated charcoal and PTFE coated with Pt in amt. 0.1-2 mg/cm2. The side of the mat facing the gas chamber has a porous hydrophobic film.    ADVANTAGE -   Redn. of the Fe3+ ions is accelerated, allowing practical application of the system.
(JP2791951-B2)      When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided.
(JP2789201-B2)      When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided.
(JP2708820-B2)      The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional).
(JP2813355-B2)      The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional).
(US5340663-A)      The fuel cell power plant system comprises a contaminant vessel and a fuel cell, enclosed within the containment vessel and including an anode and a cathode, for electrochemically reacting a pressurised fuel stream and a pressurised oxidant stream to produce electricity. An anode exhaust stream and a cathode exhaust stream are further provided.    A combustor combusts a mixture of anode exhaust and cathode exhaust to produce heat and a combustor exhaust stream. A pressurised stream of combustor exhaust is directed through the containment vessel to provide a continuous purge of the containment vessel and produce a containment vessel exhaust stream. A positive pressure differential is maintained between the containment vessel exhaust stream pressure and the fuel stream and oxidant stream pressures to prevent leakage of fuel and oxidant from the cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Uses less complex, less costly and more reliable inert gas system.
(US5269709-A)      The battery terminal post clamp, comprises a member for releasably clamping the post, the clamp being connectable to an electric cable. A lever actuates the clamp. The lever is pivotally connected at one of its ends to the clamp and is pivotable between a closed position where the clamp clamps the post and an open position where the clamp releases the post. An electrically insulated handle is pivotally connected to the lever.    A lost motion member allows the handle to pivot from a cover position covering the clamp through a limited angle before actuating the lever to the open position. The handle uncovers the clamp to expose metallic parts of it at the limited angle.
(DE3842515-C)      The sampling device is for taking breath samples for determination of alcohol content. A blow tube (2) is open at both ends (3,4), with a displaceable element (5) for drawing a sample via a connecting tube (6) into a measuring chamber (7). A controller (22) actuates the element with control pulses. Input signals to the controller are applied from a vol. measuring device (21) which determines an adjustable min. breath vol. and a second deep lung vol.    level as threshold values for first and second control quantities A third control quantity is determined simultaneously as a threshold value to ensure that measurement is in the correct vol. range for deep lung air. When the controller establishes the existance of the three threshold values, a signal is given to move the element into a suction postion and returns the element after analysis.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids risk of manipulation.    (11pp)
(JP2615935-B2)      Manufacturing an electrolyte plate for a fusion carbonate fuel battery comprising a matrix impregnated with electrolyte and having each side connected to an electrode, comprises: forming fine lithium aluminate particles as a support grain; mixing them with larger matrix reinforcing porous lithium aluminates additive; forming the plate; and impregnating the electrolyte plate with fusion carbonate.    USE -   Used to manufacture fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The lithium aluminate porous additive reduce crack penetration in the electrolyte plate, allowing constant battery output, with no risk of explosion.
NOVELTY - The anode plate consists of grating consisting of lead-antimony alloy with 0.005-0.250 weight% of antimony with respect to active material consisting of lead-calcium alloy in the battery.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A maintenance free battery with improved charging recoverability is provided. The mechanical strength of grating is improved due to the lead-antimony alloy composition.
(JP2733846-B2)      A reformer for fuel cells comprises multicylindrical catalyst layers (4a,4b) and heating layers (5a,5b,5c) placed between neighbouring catalyst layers to arrange the catalyst layers and the heating layers alternately.    USE -   Used to produce miniaturised reformers for fuel cells having a high thermal efficiency.
(JP2733845-B2)      A reformer for fuel cells comprises a heater (2), a pipe-shaped evaporator having an evaporating part (1a) and a superheating part (1b) which is used to supply raw material to reactors after evaporating raw materials, and reactors (3a,3b) having catalyst layers (4a,4b). The evaporating part is spirally wound in a flat form and placed between the heater and the catalyst layers. The superheating part is spirally wound in a cylinder form and placed in a heating layer (5a) between the catalyst layers.    USE -   To remove a sepg. wall between the catalyst layers and heaters.
(JP95000483-B2)      Reformer comprises temp. sensors to detect temp. of reforming catalyst in a reforming reactor, an integrating meter to integrate raw materials supplied to the reformer and an arithmetical unit to predict the life of reforming catalyst from results from the temp. sensors and the integrating meter.    USE -   Used to predict life of reforming catalyst used to produce H2-rich gas used in a fuel cell power generation plant.
(US35002-E)      The fuel cell (11) consists of an electrolytic matrix core (12) with fuel (13), air (14) and cooling (15) ports disposed in laminated form to cause an electrochemical reaction. A reformer (16) consists of a vaporiser (17), a heater (18) and a catalytic core (19) which are provided for supplying fuel to the fuel port through a conduit (21) via a reservoir (22).    The fuel in the tank (24) is a reaction fuel such as a methanol/water mixt. converted in the reformer into a hydrogen rich gas. The heater of the reformer is also supplied with fuel from the tank, delivered by a pump (27) to the burner unit (18). Forced air is supplied for combustion and heating from the atmosphere through a blower (28).    ADVANTAGE -   Brought to operating temp. as rapidly as possible without use of extraneous heating devices. Prevents overheating.
(JP2791059-B2)      The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd.
(JP2569769-B2)      The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoing treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd.
(JP2564630-B2)      The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd.
(US4943495-A)      The fuel cell has the sealed portions formed at the peripheral edges of gas flow passages of a gas separating plate turned so that they have a U-shaped cross section in the direction of the lamination providing for elasticity. A filling member is filled in the interior of the sealed portions. This gas separating plate is used to form gas flow passages through which different gas fluids are caused to flow so that they are electrochemically reacted in a pair of electrode reacting portions with an electrolyte layer interposed between.    The sealed portion provided at the peripheral edges of the gas flow passages deform in accordance with the creep caused in the electrode reacting portions. A balanced, adequate bearing pressure is kept applied to the electrode reacting portions and the sealed portions.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables fuel cell to be operated in gas sealed state for long time. @(First major country equivalent to J02075162)@ @(8pp Dwg.No.3/10)@    (NL192550-B)      A retrievable guide post for a permanent subsea base or template has a tubular body with external engagement formations near the upper end, and a sleeve around and movable axially on the body lower part with its lower end having a reduced wedging rim and its upper end external engagement means. A split latching ring is supported on the body to coact with the sleeve wedging rim, and a support ring below the latching ring is releasably secured to the body to permit limited axial movement so that lifting forces on the body can be transmitted to the latching ring. The sleeve can pref. be releasably secured to the body in its set and latching positions.    ADVANTAGE -   The post can be retrieved irrespective of any damage to it, solely by upward load on the post without damage to its receptacle or template. @(14pp)@
(US5093214-A)      Thin carbon plate is obtd. by forming a polycarbodiimide resin (I) into a thin plate, and then carbonising the plate.    Pref. (I) is a homo- or co-polymer comprising at least one kind of recurring unit of formula -R-N=C=N- in which R is an organic diisocyanate residue, pref. an aliphatic-, alicyclic-, araliphatic- or, esp. an aromatic diisocyanate residue (II). Pref. residue (II) has the formula (IIA),(IIB) or (IIC); in which R1,R2,R3,R4,R5 and R6 are each H, halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; and Y is a direct bond, lower alkylene, O or S.    USE -   Plate is suitable for use as a fuel cell separator.    (JP2725705-B2)      A thin carbon plate is claimed which is obtd. by forming a polycarbodiimide resin (opt. in admixt. with polycarbodiimide fibres) into a thin plate and carbonising it.    The polycarbodiimide for both the resin and the fibres (if used) pref. has repeat units of formula (I) where R = an org. polyicosyanate residue.    USES/ADVANTAGES -   The plate can be used directly as a separator for (pref. phosphoric acid-type) fuel cells and has high mechanical. Strength (esp. when the fibres are present in the starting material) and high gas impermeability.
(US4988580-A)      Fuel cell power system comprises: an H2 generator comprising a fuel reformer (7) and purifier (9); fuel cell power units (219 at sites remote from the H2 generator and operated according to demand; and H2 storage and distribution piping comprising a main pipe (11) connected to the H2 generator, branch pipes (13) connecting the main pipe to the power units and flow regulating valves (17) in the branch pipes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   System is able to respond smoothly and efficiently to variations in demand. (First major country equivalent to J02117072-A) @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(US7371144-N)      Combined coal gasifier, and fuel cell system comprises, in combination, a) a coal gasification means for endothermically reacting coal or coal char, in the presence of a catalyst and steam, in a reducing or oxygen-free atmos, for producing a gas prod stream comprising C0, C02 and H2, means a) being coupled via a conduit to anode and cathode of b) a molten carbon fuel cell. Gas sepg means c) are disposed along the conduit for receiving the gaseous prod stream, and sepg C02 from H2. the portion of the conduit between c) and b) comprises first and second conduits. The first conduit conveys H2 sepd in c) to the anode, while the second conduit conveys C02 sepd in c) to the cathode. The C02 and H2 so introduced into b), effect an electrochemical reaction in b), for producing an electrical output, while generating reaction prods, including steam, at the anode. A conduit couples the anode to a). A significant vol of C02 is also generated at the anode by the electrochemical reaction. This C02 is conveyed, with the steam, to a) for providing heat and a reducing or oxygen-free atmos used in a) for the endothermic reaction. Means a) provides a gaseous prod stream contg C02 and H2 at 1100-1300 deg F and at 1-6 atmos.    ADVANTAGE -   Overall efficiency of the fuel cell is greatly enhanced. @(23pp)
(JP2524820-B2)      Prodn of carbon composite for fuel cells involves bonding spaced parallel carbon electrodes to separator sheet and heating the junction in a non-oxidising atmos.    ADVANTAGE -   Processing time to form composite is reduced.
(JP2571108-B2)       A method for manufacturing a carbon member for fuel cells is disclosed. Separator base material is carbonised and formed into a concave shape after insertion of the electrode material. A material having a corrosion current density of 5 A/cm, carbon characteristic of less than 1, a thermal expansion coefficient of 3 10.6 C, a strength of 900 kg/cm2 , and gas permeability of 10.5 cc/cm2.min. is used as the separator material. A thermosetting type resin adhesive is applied to the concave part at the time of joining. Pref. the surface roughness of the concave part is more than 10 ^m RZ at the time of joining.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Phosphoric acid type fuel cells. Simple manufacturing process. Heat emission is always safe.
(JP2719363-B2)      Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma.
(JP2763043-B2)      Oxide superconductor thin film is formed by controlling vapour streams contg. metal elements generating from multi-source crucibles forcedly for a certain period in sequence by shutters equipped just above the crucibles. The vapour streams reach the substrate intermittently, for growing every atomic layers with the correspondence to a modulation structure of long period cpds..    USE -   For high-output magnets, Josephson devices, and SQUID's, as Cu-oxide system superconductors.
(JP2771552-B2)      Prodn. of a superconductive wire material comprises: (a) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 700-900 deg.C, so that a superconductive thin membrane is formed on the gold substrate; (b) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 100-900 deg.C so that a precursor thin membrane is formed on it, and (c) heat-treating the membrane at 700-900 deg.C together with the substrate to be converted into a superconductive thin membrane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A superconductive wire material with good superconductive characteristics such as superconductive transition temp. etc. can be produced easily.
(JP2752101-B2)      In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd.
(US4977041-A)      A fuel cell includes a cell element comprosing an electrolyte plate, an anode plate and a cathod plate, the electrolyte being sandwiched by the anode and the cathod plates. A separator plate possesses passages formed on the front and back faces so as to supply fuel gas to the anode plate of the cell element while supplying gaseous oxidiser to the cathode plate. The cell element and the separator plate are piled up one after the other, building several stages. The fuel cell also comprises for supplying/discharging the oxidiser gas of one separator may flow in the counter direction the oxidiser gas of the adjacent separator plate. A heat transfer assisting unit is disposed on the front and back faces of each separator so as to assist the heat transfer between the oxidizer gas and the fuel gas in the direction the separator plates and the cell elements are stacked.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces ups and downs in temperature distribution. @(15pp)@
(JP2621424-B2)      Control device for a fuel cell has a unit to control battery temperature of a cell stack. A voltmeter detects the output voltage of a fuel cell and an amperometer detects the load current. The relationship of the output voltage in the early stages of electricity generation and the load current detected is stored. Based on this relationship, the output voltage value to the load current detection value after the electricity generation first stage is produced as a desired value. A cooling is used to correct deviations from desired value.    USE -   Used to control fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Temperature of cell is controlled.
(JP2643364-B2)      Separator for alkaline cell comprises double layer film of perfluoro ion exchange membrane of 1.0-2.5 m equiv./g resin in ion exchange capacity, contg. -COOM and/or -SO3M, M is alkaline metal ion, e.g. Na, K, and Li, and oxidisable diaphragm. Thickness of the membrane is 0.1-50 microns. Pref. the film has perfluoro ion exchange membrane at anode side, and oxidisable diaphragm at cathode side. Oxidisable diaphragm comprises cellophane film. Double layer film comprises membrane obtd. by flowing soln. of perfluoro ion exchange resin on oxidisable diaphragm. Alkaline cell uses separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cell. Heat- and chemical-resistance, and electrochemical characteristics of the separator are improved.
(JP2730919-B2)      The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved.
(JP2755611-B2)      The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved.
(US7279694-N)      Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance with CO contamination of the H2 fuel stream is improved by injecting O2 into the fuel stream ahead of the cell. A surface reaction occurs even at PEM operating temps. below 100 deg.C to oxidatively remove the CO and restore electrode surface area for the H2 reaction to generate current. Fuel stream is obtd. from a methanol source using conventional reforming processes.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved performance approaches that obtainable with pure H2. Performance is unaffected over a wide CO concn. range. @(17pp)
(JP94045496-B2)      Process is described for mfg. a pervoskite-type cpd. represented by    La1=xM1xM203 delta    in which M1 = Sr, Mg, Ca, or Ba; M2 = Co, Fe, or Mn; delta = 0 -0.5. aq nitric acid soln. is prepared by dissolving oxides or carbonates of the metals. The soln. is pyrolysed at 400-600 deg. C in air to obtain a fine-grained powder before mould -processing the powder and heat-treating at 1100-1400 deg.C in air to obtain sintering.
(JP2656083-B2)      In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved.
(JP2593199-B2)      Nb3Sn superconducting wire material is made by charging other matrix powder into at least one of tube body of Sn-alloy matrix, Cu-matrix, and Nb-matrix contg. 0.1-15 at% one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf, or charging other matrix powder into the Sn-alloy matrix and/or Nb-alloy matrix tube; working to wire, tape, or tube, followed by diffusion heat treating at 400-950 deg C to form Nb3Sn cpd. phase contg. Ti, Zr, or Hf on the periphery of Nb-matrix.    USE -   For Nb3Sn superconducting wire, having improved formability and intense magnetic field characteristics.
(JP2567055-B2)      Fuel reformer comprises container, double reactor tube arranged vertically in container, plug tube arranged concentrically inside inner tube of reactor tube and having opened upper end and closed lower end, baffle extending radially inside from upper end of inner tube and bent on midway and hanged down into opened upper end of plug tube while lower end is opened.    ADVANTAGE -   Foreign matter can be prevented from entering descending raw material.
(JP2575836-B2)      The cell comprises an anode, a separator plate, and a cathode. A gas header ejects gas out of the cell after reaction of anode and cathode gas. A manifold leads the gas after reaction from the cell to the header. Near the manifold is an anode inlet part for introducing anode gas, and a lead terminal.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as a fused carbonate fuel battery. Electrical resistance is low and there is no voltage drop at the leads.
(US4997728-A)      The structure includes a number of layers of cells which constitute a fuel cell and are elastically piled between a fastening member and a base plate. The entire surface of at least one of the end layers is pressed by the surface of a pressing jig which is rotatably engaged with the surface of the fastening member. The forces from the fastening unit are transmitted to the pressing jig through a rotatable contact.    The pressing jig has a spherical projection on an upper central portion. The fastening member has at its lower central portion a rounded concave engaged with the spherical projection of the pressing jig. The piled cells are fastened by bolts and nuts at the four corners of the fastening member and at the four corners of the base plate. The nuts are screwed to the bolts through pressure springs placed between the nuts and the upper surface of the fastening member.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents loosening of cells because of thermal expansion. @(First major country equivalent to J02068865)@ @(5pp Dwg.No.3/3)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%.
(JP2769556-B2)      For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented.
(JP2514406-B2)      The fuel cell has cathode and anode jars connected by a liq. medium circulation appts.    The cathode jar has a fuel distribution board in its lower part. Electrolyte soln. in the cathode jar has a level above the fuel distribution board. A porous catalyst electrode is immersed in the electrolyte soln..    The anode jar has an oxygen gas distribution board in its lower part. Electrolyte soln. in the anode jar has a level above the oxygen gas distribution board. A porous catalyst electrode is immersed in the electrolyte soln. in the anode jar.    ADVANTAGE -   The service life of the battery can be extended.
(US4946750-A)      The process for generating electricity from a fuel on the basis of one or more bydrocarbons comprises catalytically converts the fuel into a CO and H2 containing gas and supplies the resulting gas to at elast one shift reactor, in which at least part of the CO present is converted into H2 to form a H2 containing gas. The H2 containing gas is supplied to the anode spaces of at least one fuel cell unit, the difference between the operating temp. of the fuel cell unit and the temp. of the gas supplied to the shift reactor being not more than 50 deg.C.    A fuel cell unit having an operating temp. of at least 125 deg. C is used. The temp. of the fuel cell unit is maintained to form process stream, which process steam is also used to heat the feeds to the fuel cell.    @(6pp)@
(US4937152-A)      A fuel cell comprises (a) a cell member including a flat plate separator, an air electrode, a solid electrolyte and a fuel electrode, at least two cell members stacked up in layers where (i) the flat plate separator being made from metal and having grooves, (ii) a layer of the air electrode being formed on the flat plate separator, (iii) the solid electrolyte is formed in the form of a film layer on the air electrode, and (iv) a layer of the fuel electrode is formed on the solid electrolyte, (b) spacers arranged along peripheries of the separators, (c) air supply paths for supplying air to the air electrodes, air being sent to the air electrodes through the grooves of the flat-plate separators and air supply paths, (d) air exhaust paths to exhaust excess air, (e) fuel supply paths, and (e) fuel discharge paths.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. for a flat-plate type solid electrolyte fuel cell. The fuel cell has high strength, with no layer sepn. or breakage.    (15pp)
(JP2567048-B2)      Appts. comprises a liner heat-shield layer adhered to the inner surface of a riser pipe to guide the combustion gas from a burner detect in a lower part of a fuel store vessel. The layer is for moderating the thermal shock applied to the pipe.    USE -   For fuel cell generator systems.
(DE3901680-C2)      A method of monitoring the cold starting efficiency of a starter battery of an internal combustion engine involves temporarily loading the battery with an electrical resistance and measuring the voltage drop across the resistance. The voltage is compared (25) with empirical values to determine whether the battery is still capable of cold starting.    In order to load the battery the electric starter motor is operated and the variation of the voltage drop across its terminals observed and evaluated against time. The difference between the unloaded voltage and the voltage minima during the starting process is checked to determine whether it exceeds a defined threshold.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method takes account of the actual order of magnitude of parameters influencing the cold starting efficiency and involves no additional operating costs.
(US5105142-A)      The discharging circuit is, made compact by forming a discharging path for the fuel cell via a fixed resistor. Even if the operation of a fuel cell is interrupted and/or a control power source for supplying electric power to a controlling circuit is interrupted, the discharging circuit is operated in response to a voltage produced through an electrolysis of the gas which is left in the fuel cell. As a result, the fuel cell can discharge, while the degradation of the fuel cell is prevented.    The discharging path is opened or closed by a switch. The switch comprises a transistor connected in series with the discharging resistor.    ADVANTAGE -   Securely performs discharge operation.
(US5075813-A)      The protection apparatus includes a switching device connected to a battery cell, the switch connecting and disconnecting the battery cell with a load. A voltage detecter is connected across the battery cell by the switching device. The voltage detecter measures the terminal voltage of the battery cell and provides a detection signal. A comparator coupled to the voltage detecter receives the detection signal. The comparator generates a comparator output signal when the terminal voltage measured by the detecter exceeds a predetermined voltage value.    The trip circuit is coupled to the comparator and the switching device, the trip circuit opens switching means to disconnect the battery cell from the load in response to the comparator output signal.    USE -   Solar battery or fuel cell. @(First major country equivalent to J02033863)@ @(13pp Dwg.No.5/7)@
(JP2593196-B2)      Fuel reformer comprises reforming furnace having recess at inner wall, burner provided in recess for ejecting flame inside reforming furnace, and reforming reaction tube filled with catalyst. Gas is reformed in reaction tube heated by burner when it passes through tube.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal degradation of burner can be prevented even when burner is not made of special material.
(US4927722-A)      Battery separator comprises a sheet of elastomeric material (thickness 0.15-0.35 mm) e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, pvc or their mixts., having a ribbed or protruded structure on each side, pref. for stacking plates.    USE -   Separators prevent a short-circuit between oppositely charged plates in an assembly of cells and retard the disintegration of the plates, yet allows electrolyte migration. @(8pp)    (JP2983230-B2)      A separator for lead/acid batteries for the starting of motor vehicles is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, or their mixts. and the sheets are 0.15-0.35 mm (0.25mm) thick. The marginal areas (4) have equidistant ribs (2) to produce pockets by heat or ultrasonics. The front of the separator has equidistant ribs (2) with two counter ribs (3, 3') on the other side. The ribs (2) are e.g. 0.75 mm high and the ribs (3, 3') 0.3 mm. The distance between the ribs (3, 3') is much smaller than between the ribs (2).    ADVANTAGE -   Such a separator has adequate compressibility and restoring capability to compensate thickness fluctuations of the electrode plates and separators.
(US4927514-A)      Platinum black electrode comprises a multilayered laminate with enhanced inter-layer bonding comprises a gas-porous polymer support layer, pref a hydrophobic (co)polymer obtd from CF2=C2 and/or fluorinated ethylene/propylene copolymers, in which active carbon is dispersed to provide electrical conductivity; an intermediate gas-porous layer of hydrophobic thermoplastic halogenated (co)polymer; and a layer of finely divided Pt dispersed with a halogenated polymer binder, which is porous to electrolytes.    USE -   The prods are components for fuel cells and electrolytic cells for the prodn of ozone.    (7pp)
(US5049458-A)      Fuel cell comprises (a) cell members, each having a flat plate solid electrolyte having fuel- and air-electrodes on opposite surfaces, (b) separators between pairs of cell members, comprising a frame coupled with a metallic sheet having an array of 1st projecting portions and intermingled with oppositely directed 2nd projecting portions, and having highest stage separator mounted on a cell member of the highest stage in the stack, and a lowest stage separator, (c) a fuel supply path between separators and adjacent respective fuel electrode layers, and an air supply path adjacent air electrode layers, (d) fuel discharge- and air exhaust-paths and (e) electroconductive collector members mounted on outer sides of the highest and lowest stage separators.    ADVANTAGE -   Good cushioning and gas seal property. @(14pp)@
(GB2223030-B)      A lead based composition comprising aluminium and lead, wherein the aluminium content is approximately 4.5% by weight and the aluminium is substantially uniformly dispersed in the lead as discrete regions having dimensions substantially no larger than 30 microns.    (JP93072450-B)      A lead-aluminium alloy contains 4-5 wt.% of aluminium which is precise as uniformly dispersed regions each no larger than 30 microns and pref. no larger than 2 microns. It may be obtd. by prepn. in a finely divided state followed by pressing into a compacted mass. Pressing takes place at a temp. below the m.pt. of lead, pref. below 150 deg.C and esp. below 30 deg.C. The alloy may be pressed into an electrode grid for an electrochemical cell.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Batteries for motor vehicles. Improved electrical conductivity of the electrode; reduced ratio of battery or storage capacity. (J03002342-A)    (DE3930643-C2)      A lead-aluminium alloy for the prodn. of electrochemical cell mesh sections, includes between 0.1% and 20% aluminium and the rest lead. The aluminium is uniformly distributed and the regions are no greater than 30 microns. The aluminium is pref. present in an amt. of 4.5% and the aluminium regions are pref. no larger than 2 microns. The alloy is pref. finely divided and pressed.    ADVANTAGE -   The alloy is simple to produce and reliable.
(JP93015642-B)      Methanol reformer comprises an annular main reactor in a heat shield box. Box has a burner combustion gas flow passage. An auxiliary annular reactor outside the box is supported with flow pipes and is downstream from the main reactor.    USE -   For fuel cells. (J02018302-A)
(JP93015641-B)      Evaporator comprises an annular chamber defined by outer and inner walls, and metal tube coaxially set in the annular chamber into an outer and inner annular space; the metal tube composed of a tubular wire net and inner and outer tubular plates.    USE -   For reforming methanol mixed with eater. (J02018301-A)
(JP95022021-B2)      Sealing material consists of 1st inorganic particles having resistance to phosphoric acid, 2nd inorganic particles showing cubical expansion by reaction with phosphoric acid, and binder.    Pref. the 2nd inorganic particles consist of Ti oxide, Zr oxide or Nb oxide, etc., and the particles transform into phosphate cpds. by reaction with phosphoric acid to fill vacancies in the sealing material by the cubic expansion. The 1st inorganic particles consist of SiC, carbon, boron carbide or W carbide, etc.. The binder consists of fluorine resin such as PTFE powder or PTFE dispersion and the amt. of the binder is 2-15 wt.% of the total amt. of the inorganic particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has good sealing property in the presence of phosphoric acid. It is suitable for sealing packing of phosphoric acid type fuel cell.
(US4963443-A)      Fuel cell system comprises: a body having fuel and oxidiser electrode (11, 12) and an electrolyte matrix (13); fuel gas reformer; fuel gas supply (20); air blower (6) for the oxidiser electrode; an exhaust (24) for fuel electrode off-gas; an exhaust closure (23) for use when the cell operation is terminated; circulation system (25) for the fuel electrode gas whe    (JP2501872-B2)      Fuel cell has a structure allowing exchange of reactive and purging gases, including a fuel gas recycling pipe, fuel gas inlet valve and fuel gas entry pipeline. Fuel off-gas is discharged through a discharge pipeline and a discharge valve, in order. Air is supplied to an air electrode through an air-entry pipeline as oxidising agent gas. The fuel gas circulation pipeline connects the fuel off-gas discharge pipe line and the fuel gas entry pipeline, through a pump and valve, in a circulation pipeline.    ADVANTAGE -   Fuel gas is effectively converted into inert gas. Operation of fuel cell is simplified. Operational costs are reduced.
(US4968566-A)      Chambers in the fuel cell battery from which water is to be removed are each interconnected twice. One discharge point is provided for each lower cornerr point of the battery, whereby two of the discharge points arranged at one battery extremity are connected respectively to one of the two terminal chambers.    The discharge points are connected via media lines to at least one charging valve. One valve is arranged in each media line. An inclination sensor is arranged on the battery parallel to the longitudinal and transverse axis of the battery and is connected via a control line to a control unit which is connected to the valves.    ADVANTAGE -   Water produced during operation is quickly and easily removed even when the battery is in an inclined position. @(4pp)@
(US4927718-A)      Carbmaceous electrode support for air electrode in a rechargeable metal-air battery or fuel cell consists of a furnace-process C black material which has been heat treated by heating from 2500 to 3000 deg.C, pref. 2700-2900 deg.C over a period of 1-5 hours in an inert atmos., consisting of a gas from the gp. of at least one Gp. VIII element, N2, or a mixture of these, and maintained at temp. for at least about 1 hour in the atmos. before cooling at a rate not exceeding 10 deg.C/min. down to about 25 deg.C.    ADVANTAGE -   High conductivity and surface area, low density, very high corrosion resistance. @(11pp)
(JP2649700-B2)      An electrolyte regeneration unit for a redox flow battery (1) comprises a tank containing positive electrolyte (12) and negative electrolyte (13), separated by a diaphragm (15). A cathode (17) is in the negative electrolyte and an anode is in the positive electrolyte. Positive electrolyte is regenerated by pumping the electrolyte from a tank (4) of the redox flow battery. Formic acid is pumped into the positive electrolyte chamber (12), to regenerate the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Regeneration only produces carbon dioxide and oxygen, which are non-toxic, and can be emitted to the atmosphere. The structure is simple and compact, and does not require special materials.
(JP94047442-B2)      A fuel reformer to reform feed gas to H2-rich gas comprises reactors (10) filled with catalyst and heated by combustion gas flowed along walls of reactors. The reactors are provided with fins (20) gradually densely arranged from the upstream of the combustion gas to its downstream so that combustion gas can gradually densely be contacted with the reactors from its upstream to the downstream.    USE -   To uniformly transmit heat from the upstream of combustion gas to its downstream to uniformly heat reactors.
(JP93018770-B)      Ion-conductive Na2O-Y2O3-SiO2-P2O5 type glass compsn. in which Na2O = 30 to 50; Y2O3 = 0 to 10; P2O5 = 0 to 12 and SiO2 = 40 to 60 by molar fraction.    ADVANTAGE -   Exhibiting excellent Na(+) ion conductivity and fusible at low temp. (J01298039-A)
(US5246791-A)      The high temp. fuel cell comprises a reforming catalyst in contact with a hydrocarbon-contg. fuel and subject to contact with a molten carbonate electrolyte. The reforming catalyst comprises Ru carried on a support of rare earth oxides, zirconia, ceria or esp. magnesia, and reforms the hydrocarbon-contg. fuel to an H20 contg. fuel. The catalyst pref. further contains Ni.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved corrosion resistance and activity, and increased resistance to deactivation by the electrolyte.
(US4966346-A)      The mounting device secures a storage battery (10) to a base. The device comprises a footing (20-28) to be rigidly fixed to the base (B) and being loose from the battery. Locking elements (16-19) of the device are pivotally mounted on the storage battery. The storage battery is detachably fastened with the aid of the locking elements to the footing through the action rapid locking elements. The locking elements are pivotally mounted on a cover (12) of the storage battery from the footing when the locking elements are turned to the open-position_ In addition, shields (17) are provided in the locking element to protect the storage battery terminals (13) when the locking elements are turned to locking positions.    ADVANTAGE -   Mounting battery simplified and battery mfr. improved. @(First major country equivalent to FI8801755)@
(US4929389-A)      Electrically conductive self doped polymeric compsn. of matter has a thiophene or pyrrole monomer repeat unit of formula (I), where the monomer-monomer bonds of the polymer are between the C atoms adjacent to X. X is NH or S, m is 1-20, Y is SO3, SO4 or CO2 and A is H, Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs. The compsn. pref. has a mol.wt. of 20000-70000. It is soluble in water and has a conductivity of 10 power (-3) to 10 power (-5) ohm (-1) cm (-1). The compsn. pref. contains a dopant to increase conductivity and comprises negative ions supplied from a supporting, electrolyte substance, e.g. tetraethyl ammonium para-toluene sulphonate.    ADVANTAGE -   Compsn. has liq. crystalline properties. @(5pp)@
(JP95045352-B2)      Prodn. of organic fermented manure comprises (1) the first fermentation step of piling the manure starting material, contg. organisms as main component, for 5-15 days after adjusting its water content to 15-40% and (2) the second fermentation step of piling the fermented product obtd. in (1) for 5-15 days after mixing with 5-50% of chemical fertiliser and 1-20% of activated charcoal.    Starting organisms are rape cake, rice bran, fish protein, etc., opt. with 1-5% of zeolite, etc. Chemical fertiliser added in the second fermentation step is ammonium sulphate, superphosphate of lime, potassium sulphate or their mixt.    Phosphate fertiliser (e.g., bone. dust) is opt. added with chemical fertiliser.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Organic fermented manure with low water content can be produced in a short period by this method. Organic fermented manure produced by this method has an advantage of producing no ammonia nor O2 gas, long-lasting effectiveness and inhibiting plant blights in the soil
(EP475969-A)      Hydroxy mixed ethers of formula (I) R10-(CH2CH2O)x-CH2-CH(OH)R2 are used to remove water from finely divided solids contg. water R1 = 1-10C alkyl; R2 = 8-20C alkyl; x = 1-20. Pref. R1 = 1-4C alkyl; R2 = 12-16C alkyl; x = 2-15. The amt. of (I) used is 0.5-10 kg (3-8 kg)/cubic m of fine solid.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The solid is coal or coke ores or other ore-mining material, and sewage sludges. Water is removed more rapidly, to a lower residual water content, without foaming.    (US5215669-A)      Water is removed from finely divided solids by contacting the wet solids with a water soluble mixed hydroxyether of formula RO-(CH2CH2O)x-CH2-CH(OH)R' (I), where R is 1-10 C, pref. 1-4 C alkyl; R' is 8-20 C, pref. 12-16C alkyl; x is 1-30, pref. 2-15. The hydroxyether is used in amts. of 0.5-10, pref. 3-8 kg per m3 water. The solids are then centrifuged or filtered, esp. under pressure. The solids can be coal or coke, beneficiated ores or gangue materials or sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   The solids are effectively dewatered without foaming.    (EP475969-B1)      The use of hydroxy mixed ethers corresponding to general formula I R1O-(CH2CH2O)x-CH2-CH(OH)R2 (I) in which R1 is a C1-10 alkyl group, R2 is a C8-20 alkyl group and x is a number of 1 to 20, as auxiliaries for dewatering water-containing fine-particle solids.
(JP95030904-B2)      Improvement in a system for processing soil consisting of solid material and vaporisable substances to separate the solids from the vaporisable substances comprises (a) classifying the soil consisting of solid material and vaporisable substances into solids free of vaporisable substances and a mixt, of fine residue material and vaporisable substances; (b) subjecting the vaporisable substances and fine residue material to a combustion step to utilise the vaporisable substances as a fuel to partly support the combustion an and combustion and continuing the combustion in the presence of heated ambient air to fuse the residue material from the combustion into a stabilised pellet from; and (c) utilising some heat from the combustion to promote initial vaporisation of the vaporisable substances in step (a).    ADVANTAGE -   The improved system very simply and inexpensively separates out and cleans solids, such as rock and like, and passes the contaminating material very quickly through a relatively high temp combustion phase to sanitise, deodorise and convert the residue from the combustion phase into an ash substance that can be acceptable in landfill disposal operations.
(DE3916597-C)      Solid residues (I) are removed during the processing of cattle- or pig liq. manure. (I) are mixed with brown coal dust and/or mineral coal dust, as inertization material and for the redn. of NOx, and are incinerated. The amt. of (I) used is 1-50% of the solid residues-coal dust mixt. Pref. SO2- and HCl- and HF-binding components are blended with mixt. (II), e.g. 1-5% lime (CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3), or waste lime from sugar beet prodn..    ADVANTAGE -   Large amts. of solid residues (I) are removed economically.    (2pp)
(DE3844700-C)      Organic materials are biologically converted into a biological mass by fine-shredding and mixing in a housing while delivering fresh air to them. The organic materials accumulating in the housing sump are repeatedly returned to the top part, from which they drop onto the mixing and shredding mechanism, this continuing until the desired degree of shredding is reached. The mass is then further mixed while additional fresh air is supplied to it.    ADVANTAGE -   Economic conversion of domestic waste etc. on the spot into useful material.    (6pp)
(US4976095-A)      The machine is moved by attachment to the loader bucket or a tractor which then moves and controls the operation of the machine. The machine is firmly held in place by a clamping mechanism that is hydraulically powered.    The tractor can also be used to transport the machine or load it onto a transport carrier. The machine also has an attachment for separating plastic trash bags from their contents as they pass through the machine.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Uses an elevating conveyor to pick up, mix and aerate the composted material and then redeposit the material. @(9pp)@
(EP399385-B1)      Combined preparation as an ensiling aid for ensiling green fodder and preventing aerobic degradation processes in the silage feed, which preparation contains alkali-metal and/or alkaline-earth metal formates and optionally customary carriers and/or auxiliary substances, characterised in that it a) contains substantially no phosphorus compounds, b) contains lactic acid bacteria, wherein, should the sole formate contained in the preparation be sodium formate, the lactic acid bacteria are L. plantarum DSM 3676 and/or DSM 3677 and c) contains the alkali-metal and/or alkaline-earth metal formates in a quantity, relative to the weight of the dry silage, of 0.01 to 1 wt.% calculated as calcium formate.
(JP95005419-B2)      In fermentation treatment of wasted slurry comprising subjecting wasted slurry obtained upon activated slurry treatment of excretion to drying to give dehydrated cake, introducing the cake into biological fermentation tank to cause fermentation, compost which is already fermented to give fertilizer is taken out, a part of the compost is mixed with the above said cake in an amt. of at least 5 times as much, and the resulting mixt is introduced into the biological fermentation tank.    USE -   Biological fermentation of the dehydrated cake is accelerated, so that the fermentation is completed in only one day.
(JP96009514-B2)      Organic sludge is dehydrated by filter press type electroendosmosris dehydrator to form cake, seed compost is inoculated to the cake, and aerobic condition for fermentation is kept by ventilation.    ADVANTAGE -   Compost can be formed in a short time.
(US5055629-A)      Isomerising paraffinic hydrocarbons involves contacting hydrocarbons with a catalyst contg. zeolite beta with a metal (hydrogenating/dehydrogenating). This is carried out at high temp. and pressure. The catalyst is calcined. Zeolite is in combination with a mxit. of hydrogenating-dehydrogenating metal and its cpds. and is pref. treated with a soln. of at least pH 9.    Pref. the treating soln. is of NH4OH, NaOH or mixts. and has pH at least 11. Zeolite is pref. calcined at 450-650 deg.C. Metal is pref. Pt, Pd or mixts. and comprises 0.01-5 wt.% of metal basis of Zeolite.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst has higher activity and selectivity. @(3pp)    (JP2719840-B2)      Isomerisation of hydrocarbons is effected at elevated temp. and pressure in the presence of H2 and a catalyst comprising zeolite beta (I) and a hydrogenating-dehydrogenating metal or cpd. (II), where (I) has been treated with a soln. having a pH of at least 9 and the catalyst has been calcined.    Pref. (I) is treated with a NaOH or NH4OH soln. having a pH of at least 11. (II) is Pt or Pd, present in an amt. of 0.01-5 wt.%. The catalyst is calcined at 450-650 deg.C..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is esp. useful for isomerising 4-10C paraffins. Alkali treatment of (I) increases the activity of the catalysts, which have higher activity than conventional mordenite-based catalysts.
(US5026406-A)      Pressure swing adsorption process comprises: (a) introducing a gas feed stream at elevated pressures contg. less and more strongly adsorbed components into parallel adsorptive beds which are filled with selective adsorbents, allowing retention of strongly adsorbed components and the withdrawal of the less strongly adsorbed components for high recovery and purity to be obtd.; (b) termination of the feed gas stream introduction before the strongly adsorbed components break through the downstream end of the bed causing bed depressurisation, allowing removal of less strongly adsorbed components; (c) passing a low pressure purge gas stream of the strongly adsorbed components through the bed to remove any residual less strongly adsorbed component; (d) evacuating the bed to a subambient pressure to remove more of the strongly adsorbed component again at high recovery rate and purity; (e) repressurising the bed with less strongly adsorbed components to the pressure of the feed gas stream, where steps (a)-(e) are repeated.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For recovery of two gas prods. at high recovery and purity from a feed gas stream contg. prods. of stronger and weaker adsorbable components. @(11pp)
(US5079105-A)      The device comprises (a) flat ceramic fuel cells arranged in stacks around a central reaction space where the endothermic conversions CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2 and CH4+H2O=CO+3H2 are performed, each cell being acted on one side by a gaseous oxygen carrier and on the other by a gaseous fuel, (b) at least on gas jet pump per individual stack of cells to transport and mix a part of an O2 excess and ballast gas with the gaseous oxygen carrier (c) a central gas jet pump to transport and mix a part of a fuel excess and gaseous reaction prods. CO2 and H2O with the fuel, and (d) a central perforated feed pipe for the gaseous fuel, extending into the reaction space.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used to convert chemical energy from hydrocarbons into electrical energy by an electrochemical high temp. process. Simple design, easy to operate, no complicated temp. or power control and improved efficiency. @(8pp)@
(US7449181-N)      Unsatd organic cpds. contg. 1 or more reducible fractional gp. are non-catalytically hydrogenated by reacting with a hydride complex and strong acid. Reducible gp. is e.g. C=C, COH, COC or a strained cyclic structure. Reactants can be dissolved in an inert solvent if not mutually soluble.    ADVANTAGE -   Is very rapid and can be carried out on lower temps.. @(24pp
(JP4122413-A)      Sepg. gas material flow comprises contacting the gas material flow with a liq. membrane to separate it into a rejected gas flow having a higher equilibrium value and penetrated gas flow having a lower equilibrium value.    USE -   For treating natural gases.
(JP92051235-B)      Appts. comprises drying chamber with organic waste feed inlet, stirrer and far infrared heater and into which hot air is to be introduced and fermenting chamber which has a stirrer, far infrared heater and fermented material discharge outlet and which promotes fermentation of dried material from the drying chamber with bacteria.    ADVANTAGE -   A large amt. of organic waste can be reclaimed as compost, fertiliser or feed using a compact appts. (J02229587-A)
NOVELTY - Reformed gas obtained by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon material, e.g. naphtha, by a modifier is supplied to an anode pole through a carbon trap filled with metal wool, and an oxidizing gas is supplied to the cathode pole for electric power generation.    USE - Fuel cell battery to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Clogging of gaseous diffusion property of the anode pole or piping is prevented with carbon included in the reformed gas and minimizes time dependent degradation of properties enabling better implementation of maintenance management.
(US5050511-A)      Treatment of organic waste material, comprises; i) subjecting the waste material to direct chemical redn. by mixing the material with a reducing agent and subsequent redn. at a temp. of 600 deg.C within an oxygen free zone; ii) transferring reduced gaseous components to a cooling zone; iii) introducing a first aq. component into the cooling zone, followed by cooling and condensing a first portion of the gaseous components into a liq. so the aq. liq. phase is formed and collecting the aq. liq. phase in a collecting zone; and iv) recycling a portion of the aq. liq. phase by introducing the portion of the first aq. component into the cooling zone.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For treatment of organic waste material allowing recovery of reduced prods. and capture energy released during recovery steps and use this energy to pre-heat unrecovered materials to be oxidised later. @(18pp)@
(EP392054-B1)      Process for preventing the emission of heavy-metal-emitting flue dusts, from an incineration plant having a combustion chamber, wherein material to be incinerated, in particular special waste which contains silicates, is fed to the combustion chamber, and slag and flue gas are emitted from the combustion chamber, characterised in that the material to be incinerated is introduced into the combustion chamber and in addition at least one powdered silicate and/or at least one powdered boron compound are injected as a binding matrix.
(DE3910847-C)      Refuse is dropped from a conveyor belt onto the floor of an oscillating conveyor floor which progressively moves the refuse towards the far end of the floor, to drop onto an offset similar conveyor floor, progressively moving collected material in the reverse direction. This sequence is repeated, with the refuse gradually rotting, until it drops as fully treated compostt onto a discharge conveyor belt. The stack of floors is enclosed in a casing with an air extractor 02 may be supplied to the individual floors.    ADVANTAGE -   Over eg four weeks, refuse can be automatically composted with min human intervention.    (4pp)
(US5192354-A)      Prepn. of soil substitute comprises intimately mixing (by vol.) 50-70% shredded treebark particles, 10-40% quarry stone particles and 5-25% silica sand particles to form a mixt. and composting the shredded treebark particles while in the mixt. The quarry stone particles comprise relatively coarse aggregate with particle sizes of upto 9.5mm and relatively fine aggregate with particle sizes of upto 6.7mm. The silica sand particles comprise relatively coarse and fine sand aggregate, the coarse sand particles being 300 microns-2.36mm and the fine sand particles being 75 microns-1.18mm.    Opt. 0-15 vol.% lignite is added to mixt. prior to composting. Composting is pref. at 42-60 deg. C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Soil substitute is capable of supporting plant growth. It is produced in quantities suitable for substitution on a large scale, e.g. landscaping.
(US5141642-A)      An aromatic polyimide double layered hollow filamentary membrane comprising (A) and (B) is new. (A) is a hollow filamentary microporous inner layer consisting of a first aromatic imide polymer soluble in organic solvents provided with a filamentary hollow formed along the longitudinal axis and having a thickness of 10-500 micron. (B) is a tubular filamentary asymmetric outer layer consisting of a second aromatic imide polymer soluble in organic solvents. (B) has (a) and (b). (a) is a tubular filamentary microporous intermediate layer covering and united to the outside surface of (A) and has a thickness of 2-200 micron. (b) is a dense outside surface layer covering and united with (a) and has a thickness of no more than 1 micron (pref. 0.01-1 micron).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polyimide has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, pressure-resistance, and gas-permeating and separating properties. The process for its prodn. has high reproductivity and efficiency
(US5191845-A)      Sewage sludge (SS) is processed by (A) drying the SS by indirect heat exchange with condensed steam generated by a fossil fuel burning power plant (PP); (B) feeding the vapours produced during drying to a reduction zone of a combustion chamber of the dried SS in a furnace zone of the combustion chamber of the PP with prodn. of ash and exhaust gases.    The exhaust gases from the burning of the SS are pref. mixed with the flue gases from the PP and the mixed gases are filtered free from dust particles. The SS is burned at a temp. above the m.pt. of the ash. The dried SS is ground together with fossil fuel and the mixt. is supplied to the combustion chamber of the PP.    ADVANTAGE -   A simple and economical process for the thermal processing of SS requiring less expenditure on plant than previously.
(JP94051192-B2)      Contact member for waste disposal is made of synthetic resin body with waving bends of vertically formed peaks and troughs with flanges, having joints, at top and bottom thereof, and many openings at front face of body and further flexible hinges at bends.    USE -   For compact contacting member on transferring, while bulky on using in water.
(EP389698-B1)      A method (I) for liquefying off-gas and gasifying liq. oxygen comprises: (A) generating off-gas by wet oxidation reaction; (B) flowing the off-gas into a heat exchanger; (C) flowing the liq. oxygen into the heat exchanger such that off-gas and liq. oxygen are in heat transfer; (D) allowing a sufficient quantity of heat to flow from the off-gas to the liq. oxygen such that the off-gas is liquefied to form liq. prod. and so that the liq. oxygen is converted to gaseous oxygen; (E) flowing the liq. prod. out of the heat exchanger; (F) flowing the gaseous oxygen out of the heat exchanger; and (G) using the gaseous oxygen as an oxidant in the wet oxidn. reaction. An appts. (II) which produces and liquefies gases is also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) and (II) permit the liquefying of wet oxidn. off-gases whilst simultaneously gasifying liq. oxygen for injection into the wet oxidn. reaction mixt. Partic. useful is the removal of odorous substances e.g. short chain hydrocarbon gases, from an off-gas such as CO2 which can then be liquefied economically.
(US37037-E)      In novel (alk)acrylamide-contg. polymeric microparticles, the polymer (I) is substd. with at least 1 mole% of tert. aminomethyl gps. to crosslink the polymer at ambient temp. Ave. particle size is 200-4000 Angstrom. A microemulsion is claimed comprising at least 10 wt.% (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) are useful as flocculants in the dewatering of biologically treated suspensions, e.g. sewage and industrial sludges, the drainage of cellulosic suspension in paper prodn. and in the settlement of inorg. suspensions e.g. refinery waste or food waste. (I) give good performance relative to Mannich acrylamide polymers of the prior art and can be conveniently prepd. at high solids content while maintaining a very low bulk viscosity, the problem of crosslinking being eliminated.
(EP442609-A3)      Styrene polymer foam is produced by extruding and foaming a mixt. of a styrene polymer with ethyl chloride, propane and a halogenated ethane (I) as blowing agents. The styrene polymer is polystyrene impact polystyrene or a copolymer of styrene with methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride or acrylic acid. (I) is CF3CH2F, CClF2CF3 or CClF2CH3.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for heat insulation. The blowing agent can replace chlorofluorocarbons currently used and has reduced ozone reactivity potential. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)
(RU2043983-C1)      An accelerated composting system for industrial or agricultural waste materials consists of treating the material with an air flow which is modified in accordance with a subsequent parameter e.g. the temp. of the air leaving the material.    The heap of composting material can be protected at the sides for up to half its height, and the air circulation is pref. carried out by suction applied to the base of the heap in a continuous manner, while the fermentation process can be started off by feeding heated air into the material. The material to be treated can be placed in a reactor or a series of reactors which correspond to the different stages of the composting process.    ADVANTAGE -   Faster completion of composting is obtd.
(EP388517-B1)      Collecting receptacle of rectangular cross section for degradable waste, which receptacle is provided in its side-walls with air ventilation holes and at the top of which receptacle a swivelling cover is pivotally mounted, characterised in that the air ventilation holes are arranged exclusively in those side-walls which extend vertically with respect to the swivelling axis, and which holes are arranged in an area beginning approximately at a level of one third of the total height of the receptacle and ending immediately below the upper edge of the receptacle.
(EP403095-B1)      An azeotropic composition consisting essentially of a member of the group consisting of 84.6 to 88.2 weight percent 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and 11.8 to 15.4 weight percent n-butane; 68.5 to 76.5 weight percent 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and 23.5 to 31.5 weight percent isobutane; 74.6 to 83.2 weight percent 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane and 16.8 to 25.4 weight percent n-butane; and 58.6 to 62.4 weight percent 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane and 37.6 to 41.4 weight percent isobutane.    (JP2960480-B2)      New azeotropic compsn. comprises one of 84.6-88.2 wt.% CHClFCF3and 11.8-15.4 wt.% n-C4H10; 68.5-76.5 wt.% CHClFCF3 and 23.5-31.5 wt.% isoC4H10; 74.6-83.2 wt.% CClF2CH3 and 16.8-25.4 wt.% n-C4H10; and 58.6-62.4 wt.% CClF2CH3 and 37.6-41.4 wt.% iso-C4H10.    A process for prepn. of aerosol formulations is also claimed wherein the active ingredients are combined in an aerosol container with the new azeotropic compsn. which functions as a propellant.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   New zeotrope compsns. are used as aerosol propellants, where they have a less damaging effect on the ozone layer than fully halogenated CFC propellants, and as from blowing agents for polymer foams.
(JP94104837-B2)      Ammonia recovered from a coke oven is reacted with CO2 in the presence of a catalyst to convert it into N2 CH4, and water.    Specifically the catalysts contg. at least one metal or its cpd. of Cu, Cr, Fe and Pt family elements and rare earth elements, including Cu, Ag, Au, Cr, Mo, W, Ni, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, La, Y, Se, Nd, Sm, Dy, and their metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulphides, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, carbonates, and acetates. The catalyst is pref. used in supported form. The supports include alumina, silica gel, silica alumina, titania, and magnesia. The recovered ammonia is 10-25% ammonia, 2-10 % CO2 and 60-90 % water vapour. The mixing mol ratio of ammonia to CO2 is 1-5, esp. 2-4.    USE ADVANTAGE -   Ammonia is made safe efficiently at 500 deg.C, while yielding useful CH4 from CO2.
(GB2228739-B)      A non-flammable refrigerant composition which comprises a mixture in non-flammable proportions of chlorodifluoromethane with hydrocarbon selected from propane (in non-azeotropic amounts), propylene, n-butane, isobutane and mixtures thereof for use as a refrigerant medium in a refrigeration apparatus.
(JP2811313-B2)      To ferment solution prepd. by diluting the residue left after making tofu with water, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O and minerals are added to the solution.    The minerals preferably used are Cr, Fe, Mn, Mg and Cu. They are added in such amounts that the concentration on the minerals is 10-20 mg/l. (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O is added in an amount of 2-3% to organic substances in the residue.    ADVANTAGE -   As the bacteria in the solution actively decompose organic substances anaerobically and increase, a large quantity of gas is constantly generated from the residue without lowering the pH.
(US4958076-A)      Selective gas detectora has at least infrared radiation absorption channels with the measurement wavelengths set at 3.2 and 3.4 microns. The signals in the channels are processed to formulate an indication of absorbance of hydrocarbons at the set wavelength. The signal in one channel is displayed as an indication of conc. of approx. the total hydrocarbon gas in air.    ADVANTAGE -   Different hydrocarbons can be distinguished. @(8pp)@    (US4996431-A)      Selective gas detecting appts. comprises two infrared radiation absorption channels with the wavelengths for measurement selected so that one channel at 3.2 microns provides an output signal corresponding to the sum of the hydrocarbons in the sample and the other channel is at 3.4 microns. The ratio of the signal in the channels is displayed as an indication of the type of hydrocarbon in the gas sample.    ADVANTAGE -   Natural gas detector. @(8pp)@
(JP2775022-B2)      An aerosol propellant (I) is claimed, consisting of 2-hydro-heptafluoroproane (II) or a mixt. thereof with propane and/or n-butane and/or iso-butane and/or dimethyl ether (DME) and/or 1,1-difluoroethane (F152a), liquefied under pressure ("liq. gas"). A pressurised gas pack contg. (II) or the above mixts. is claimed, and partic. an aerosol pressure pack contg. a propellant (I) and a fill prod. (III), which can form one or two liq. phases; the propellant is (II) or the above mixts.    (III) Pref. contains water as liq. component and forms a second liq. phase; propellant is a mixt. as above, with about the same density as (III); (I) is a mixt. of liq. (II) and propane/n-butane (wt. ratio 15:85) in the wt. ratio (65:35) - (85:15), pref. (70:30)-(80:20).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The use of (I) as an aerosol propellant is claimed, and also the use of pressure-liquefied (II) for blowing dust away. Applications are in aerosol packs contg. various prods. and for removing dust from camera lenses, etc. Propellant mixts. contg. (II) are non-flammable and non-toxic, and do not damage the ozone layer.
(DE4000834-C2)      A process for the biomethanisation of brewery wastes and residues uses two main stages. A hydrolysis stage is performed in a multistage cascade tank with DOWN/UP flow, a separation of the solid and liquid phases, and a solid phase recycling. The methanogenesis stage is also performed in a multistage cascade tank with DOWN/UP flow, UP flow with packing, and a hydrolysis gas injection in fine bubbles.    ADVANTAGE -   The biogas production represents a gain in energy of the new process which permits even extremely laden wastes to be treated economically.
(JP2730111-B2)      New photodissociation catalyst for water is a cpd. of formula Mm(An-1BnO3n+1) (II) (II) with a lyaer structure consisting of layered anionic atomic groups of formula (An-1BnO3n+1)-u (I) (I) and cations M comprised of one or more than one of H, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and the 3B Group elements which are intercalated between the layers of anionic atomic groups. where A = one or more than one of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals and transition metals, B = one or more than one of Ti, Nb and Ta, n = an integer between 1 and 7, u = the valence of the atomic group. where m = 1 or 2, u = the valence of M multiplied by m.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst obtd. can be used in producing H from water by photodissociation. Active catalysts can be produced at low costs without loading components such as Pt and RuO2.
(JP93043672-B)      Circular fermenting appts. comprises a fermenting tank having a cylindrical sidewall and moving flame, both ends of which are hung on an annular rail formed along the sidewall of the tank.    USE -   For making organic fertilisers. (J02164785-A)
(US5046353-A)      Appts. for detecting a leak from subsurface fluid pipes contg. fluids and surrounded by backfill material, comprises: (a) a volatile liq. phase tracer device for providing a gas phase detectable component in a fluid leak; (b) gas permeable tubular devices in the backfill material above the subsurface fluid pipes; (c) an access device in the backfill material for accessing the gas permeable tubular devices. The gas permeable tubular devices comprise a sintered rubber hose with an air permeability of 6.9 litres +/- 0.7 litres per minute per metre at 10.7 cmHg pressure at 27 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For leak detection appts. for underground fluid systems for use in new or existing systems without requiring pipe removal or renewal or causing any disruption to the existing pipe network.    (8pp )
(DE4000510-C2)      Greenery rubbish and biowaste is converted into compost by cleaning and crushing the biological waste and storing it separately in a line of stockpiles. The waste air from a new stockpile of one line is passed to the older stockpile of another line. Greenery waste is precrushed to 10-20 mm by the unit (7) and shredded by a disintegrator (10). Biomass is separated from foreign matter in the separator drum (20). Non-compostable parts are pressed to bales by the unit (15).    ADVANTAGE -   These separate treatment lines for biological waste and for other rubbish produce improved results; means for reducing the smell nuisance are applied to biological but not greenery waste.
(US5230586-A)      Soil decontamination involves excavating, treating and banking the contaminated soil up on prepd. subsoil used as regeneration clamps provided with O2 in which microbiological degradation of contaminants takes place.    Treating the excavated soil involves mixing with concrete, building rubble or their mixts. previously comminuted to particle size less than 10 mm, pref. less than 6 mm. Pref. the clamps are sprinkled with water and aerated to provide O2, and drained off water is fed to treatment appts.    ADVANTAGE -   Added concrete or rubble renders soils more permeable.    (EP453446-B1)      Method for the microbiological decontamination of soil, in which 1) the contaminated soil is excavated and treated, 2) the treated soil is banked up on a prepared subsoil in the form of regeneration clamps, and 3) the clamps are provided with oxygen while microbiological degradation of the contaminants takes place, charactersied in that a treatment of the contaminated soil in which the soil is mised with concrete and/or mineral building rubble which has previously been comminuted to a max. particle size 10 mm, preferably max. 6mm..
(US4984561-A)      Container for disposing waste comprises (a) a lower part contg. water-permeable passages within them; (b) an upper part removably engaged to (a) forming an enclosure to retain waste; and (c) a closure in (b). Part (b) includes a solar radiation collector, comprising an inner wall and outer wall in spaced radiation to form solar collection chamber. Inner wall permits air circulation between solar collection chamber and enclosure.    USE -   To decompose daily household refuse. @(5pp)@    (JP4504095-W)      A container for disposal of waste has separable upper and lower portions defining an enclosure with said lower portion having water permeable passages and the upper portion having a solar collector for heating the enclosure.    The passages are defined by circumferentially spaced holes and are elongate or are made up of a wire mesh portion.    USE -   For disposing of biodegradable waste.
(NL191989-B)      Manure is processed by recirculation of the thin fraction so as to wash the fresh manure into a collector tank. The thick fraction of the manure is separated in the latter. The pH value of the thin fraction is reduced, and water is extracted from it by evaporation. The amount extracted can be at least 15% of the water content, preferably 50%.    ADVANTAGE -   Converts part of the ammonia content into useful fertiliser, and reduces handling costs.
(JP93046397-B)      Generating inflamable gas by burning of waste in a furnace to which gas contg. oxygen is supplied for specified time comprises detecting difference between amt. of supplied gas and amt. required for burning by temp. detector in furnace and is used to control amt. of supplied gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Inflamable gas can be obtd. efficiently and reaction to form inflamable gas can be stabilised. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/6)
(US4994095-A)      The gas sepn. membrane comprises a thin layer predominantly of a (co)polyester derived from the reaction of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid (derivative) (I) and a 4,4'-(1H-alkylidene)bis (2,3,6-trialkylphenol) of formula (II) the membrane having a combination of high selectivity and high permeation rate values for O2/N2. CO2/CH4 and He/CH4 sepns. Pref. (I) is (tere)phthalic or isophthalic or 4-bromoisophthalic and/or 2-bromoterephthalic acid (deriv.). In (II) R is 1-3C alkyl gp., pref. Me; and R' is 1-4C alkyl, pref. Me.    USE -   Gas sepn. membranes are prepd. from the polyesters. (9pp)
(DE3843146-C)      Contaminated ground is biologically treated by a method in which a clamp-type regeneration mound (2) is formed a base plate having aeration channels supplied by a central duct (4).    Atmospheric air is sucked in by a fan (5) and its humidity is adjusted (8) before passing through the channels.    Unit (9) is provided for incorporating additives, micro-organisms etc. and for heating (10) the air if necessary.    ADVANTAGE -   Treatment time is reduced by optimising conditions.    (4pp)
(US5061464-A)      Removal of CO and hydrocarbons from SOx-contg. waste gases comprises contacting waste gas in an oxidising atmos., at a relatively low temp. (50 deg C) in the presence of an effective amt. of a S-resistant catalyst. Catalyst consists of a ceramic or metallic monolith coated with at least one of silica, zirconia, titania and zeolite, and a mixt. of Pt and Rh or Pt and Pd. The coating has a surface area of 20-100 m2/g. The total amt. of Pt/Rh or Pt/Pd is 0.005-2 wt%. Gas hourly space velocity of catalyst compsn. is 10000-200000 hr-1.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Catalyst has improved performance on prior art. The process can be carried out at low temps.. @(4pp)
(US5008091-A)      Removing low molecular wt. hydrocarbons e.g. methane, ethane and ethylene comprises (a) preheating the air, (b) passing the air through heated catalytic bed comprising a mixt. of plasticised heat conductive pellets and metal turnings, the vol. ratio of metal turnings to plastcised pellets being between 1:2 and 2:1 and (c) the bed being contained in an annular space defined between two vertically oriented and concentric tubes made of conductive material, having heating means applied against the exterior of the outermost tube, in which step. (a) is performed by passing the air downwardly through the innermost of the two tubes to the bottom, and in which step (b) is performed by passing the air upwardly through the bed between the tubes.    ADVANTAGE -   The turnings contribute to the structural rigidity and the uniform heating of the bed, as well as reducing the energy consumption required to maintain the bed at the desired temp.. @(8pp)
(EP373503-B1)      An agitator-mixer for biogas systems comprising a tank for mixing organic materials or the like, accommodating at least one mixing element including a vertical-axis rotating scroll, said tank being upwardly provided with a biogas collecting hood, characterised in that suction tubes are connected to said hood and doors are provided for loading and unloading said materials, said scroll with its edge arranged on an ideal surface having a substantially conical shape, raising and centrifuging said materials towards the wall of said tank.    (DE68902816-E)      An agitator mixer (1) for biogas systems is characterised by a cylindrical tank (2) covered by a gas-tight conical hood (10) and containing at least one mixing device (3) comprising a sheet metal scroll (4) spirally attached to a rotating shaft (5). The tank (2) is loaded with shredded or triturated material through air-tight doors (13) in the hood, and spend material is discharged through air-tight doors (14, 15) in the tank side of base. The waste feedstock may be organic or other and should have coarse inert material at least partially removed before loading. It may be laoded at intervals of various duration, taking into account the fact that each charge requires at least one week to ferment completely.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   This is claimed as a device readily assembled from common elements/materials, which can reduce the volume of urban waste while providing a source of energy.
(JP94028727-B2)      Feed mixts.e contg. first (I) and second (II) components where (I) has a higher heat of adsorption than (II) are contacted with chabazite (III). Si to Al ratio in (III) is 2.1-2.8:1 and 65% at least of its exchangeable ion capacity is in Li form. (III) selectively adsorbs (I) from the mixt. (III) can be obtd. as an extrudate by treating Al2O3 bound zeolite Y extrudate (Si to Al ratio of 1.2:1) with enough SiO2 sol to form a mixt. with Si to Al ratio of 1.9-2.5:1 then heating in the presence of KOH and treating with 1M LiCl to effect ion exchange.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Feed mixt. is esp. air and N2 is adsorbed by (III) to produce an O2 conc. stream. N2 can also be adsorbed from mixts. also contg. Ar, H2, He, Kr, Ne and or Xe (III) can be in O2 pressure swing or vacuum swing adsorption processes CH4 can be adsorbed from CH4/H2 mixts. by (III). Increased productivity is shown by (III). @(7pp dwg.No.0/0)
(JP2587690-B2)      A mixt. of cattle excreta and coarse organic materials, saw dust, wood chips, bark or straw is composted by kneading the mixt., after adding 3-35wt.% NO3, to separate and decompose lignin and cellulose in the mixt. by converting them to nitro cpds. or oxidising them.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   To compost a mixt. of cattle excreta and coarse organic materials in a short time.
(EP379121-B)      A method for decontamination of soil, silt, rubble or the like containing noxious materials, with the aid of micro-organisms which are supplied to the material to be cleaned by sprinkling, characterised in that the materials to be cleaned are introduced into a closable silo container and by means of a circulating device are subjected at least at time intervals to a vertical intermixing motion, wherein the sprinkling with micro- organisms occurs in the silo container.
(JP93046821-B)      The sterilisation of raw materials to be fermented comprises flowing materials into porous tube of 0.5-5 mm dia., and steam is fed from outside the tube.    Tube is pref. corrosion-resistant cylinder of 1-3 mm dia. Pref. raw material fermented is 30-35 wt.% water-diluted molasses.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Prolonged continuous operation avoids sludge adhesion of, e.g. waste molasses or contamination by various bacteria from sludge. Low-pressure stea (e.g. 2.5-4 kg/cm2.G) is required and operation reduces noise and vibration. (J02116375-A
(US5034131-A)      Waste treatment is effected in a reactor consisting of a reaction chamber, a feed and a discharge opening, a gas distribution member within the reaction chamber and means to mix waste material in the reaction chamber. The method comprises introducing waste material into the reaction chamber to form a bed of waste extending above the gas distribution member in the reaction chamber; mixing the waste and introducing gas into it; discharging waste via discharge opening; and heating waste material in reaction chamber with a heating member indirect thermal contact with gas distribution member, whereby the gas introduced is also heated.    Pref. treatment method includes introducing aerating gas into bed of waste material and recirculating gas discharged to the gas distribution member.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For biologically treating organic waste and reducing the waste vol. The appts. uses small volumes of gas and maintains a given temp. regardless of gas feed rate. @(6pp)@
(DE3835982-C)      Kitchen and garden waste is composted in a box, divided by partitions into two or more chambers of similar cross-section and having the shape of a garden bed. The base has holes to allow soil bacteria to have access, and lids are provided for the individual chambers. Sidewalls and partition are 0.40-0.50m high. Waste is piled up in layers, with a final humus layer on which planting can take place.    ADVANTAGE -   Materials are rapidly converted to use, without turning.    (5pp)
(JP94029438-B2)      In a new liquefaction of cellulose biomass, thee biomass is decomposed thermally in a pressure container in the presence of an organic solvent at a temp. and a pressure higher than the critical temp. and pressure of the solvent. The thermal decompsn. is pref. conducted in the presence of a carbonaceous substance.    The biomass is pref. pulp, cotton, linter, jute, used paper, bagasse, wood or straw. The solvent is pref. one or more of aliphatic ketones and aliphatic alcohols.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is simple: the heating with the solvent easily attains a high pressure and, at the same time, decomposes the biomass. The cellulose ingredients in the biomass is liquefied thoroughly without generating CO2. Simple cooling of the reactor depresses the pressure to ordinary pressure. The decomposed prod., dissolved in the solvent, is directly available after removing the insolubles, such as carbonaceous matter and lignin. The liq. obtd. is soluble in toluene and xylene and has a calorific value of 6-9 kcal/g.
(JP93043675-B)      The device comprises a transfer mechanism, a hot air drying mechanism including a direct heat chamber and an indirect heat chamber, a cleaning and cooling mechanism connected with the direct heat chamber, a mechanism to heat gas after cleaning and cooling to be supplied to the indirect heat chamber, a hot gas/fresh air heat exchanger to supply fresh air to the direct heat chamber blower mechanisms, and a control circuit.    USE -   Smoke and smell can be eliminated from exhaust gas under automatic operation. (J02102184-A)
(EP369946-B1)      A process for the production of a solid, transportable granulated material from waste containing heavy metals, from which material there is virtually no leaching of the heavy metals by acidic aqueous solutions, characterised in that a) a mixture of at least two components is produced, which contains at least one component selected from fly ash, residues from glue gas purification and heavy-metal hydroxide sludge, and optionally one or more further components selected from binding agents, buffer substances, calcium hydroxide, aqueous solutions of waste containing heavy-metal complexes which are stable in a slightly alkaline environment, and cement, and the mixture is mixed in an intensive mixer for 5 to 15 minutes, and in that b) cement and, where appropriate, one or more further components selected from binding agents, buffer substances, accelerators and calcium hydroxide are subsequently added to the mixture and it is mixed for a further 20 to 105 minutes in the intensive mixer, wherein only that amount of water which may be bound by the mixture is present, and wherein the mixture is heated by the reaction heat and the mechanical action, and first of all a plastic substance is produced which then changes into the solid, transportable granulated material during mixing.
(US5106405-A)      Horticultural medium (I) comprises (A) natural zeolite particles of 0.5-2mm., (B) nitrifying bacteria (pref. from compost and/or sludge from water purificn.), and (C) N fertiliser, so (I) has ammonium N of 0.02-0.2 g./100g., a nitrate-N of 0.005-0.05 g./100g., a pH (H2O) of 6.0-7.5, electrical conductivity less than 2.0 mS/cm and a cation exchange capacity of more than 50 meg/100g.. Opt. ingredients are (D) a phosphate fertiliser (to give available P (calc. as P2O5) of 50- 300 mg/100g. and (E) a pH-conditioning material (converter slag).    ADVANTAGE -   Holding N+H4 ions and have a high N content compared with available media, providing high germination percentage, and sufficient N to meet growth requirements of plants, using microorganisms in (I).
(JP94050980-B2)      Decompsn. of aliphatic chlorine cpd. using microorganism comprises contacting aliphatic chlorine cpd. or matter contg. it with Methylosinus trichosporium TSUKUBA, which is an aliphatic chlorine cpd. and decomposable microorganism belonging to Methylosinus.    Methylosinus trichosporium TSUKUBA is a methane-utilising bacterium, growing only on methane or methanol as carbon source and decomposing trichloroethylene or its relative cpd., e.g. cis-1,2-dichloroethylene.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Volatile aliphatic chlorine cpds. such as trichloroethylene contained in drainage exhausted from factory, exhaust gas or soil, is decomposed efficiently. 10 ppm trichloroethylene is reduced by half in 10 days.
(JP94004123-B2)      A coagulating agent (A), has as its main constit. cultured bacteria, Alkaligenes, or its processed material. (A) contains inorganic salts or not less than one natural coagulating agent for suspended solids including the cultured bacteria or its processed material. The Alkaligene is pref. Alkaligenes latus (B-16) (FERM BP-15). A method of coagulating or decolouring is also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Useful for mfg. coagulating agents from cultured bacteria or their processed material and for the coagulation. Useful for treatment of industrial and domestic waste water or for the recovery of valuable materials from soln. The agents are able to coagulate inorganic or organic suspensions, or oil emulsions efficiently and are harmless. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)
(JP2539256-B2)      In the mfr. of compost from a wooden source e.g. saw dust, bark, wood chips, straw, etc., the wooden source is subjected to a prim. fermentation process where a nitrogen source or other nutrients are regulated as required in addn. to water content regulation by adding lignin-decomposing bacteria at 20 - 35 deg.C for 3 - 20 days, and then to a sec. fermentation process for usual composting treatment by adding wastes of livestock, sewage sludge, etc.. The lignin-decomposing bacteria typically include Coriolus versicolor IFO 30340, Porodisculus pendulus IFO 4967, etc..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   High-quality compost of higher base displacement capacity and good fertilising power may be obtd. from wood chips, saw dust, etc..
(JP92036755-B)      Heavy metal and the other dirty materials are removed from the aq. soln. by the adsorption with a single cell green weed. The green weed is bred in the aq. soln. which contains K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NH4Cl, MgSO4.7H2O, CaCl2.2H2O, ClOH16N208, ZnSO4. 7H2O, H3BO3, MnCl2.4H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, CuSO4.5H2O and (NH4)6(Mo7)0.24-4H2O, at 20-30 deg. C under light above 2000 lux, by permeating above 1l/air/min culture. The green weed is exchanged with the fresh one after a certain interval in order to purify the waste water contg. high concentration dirty material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The removing efficiency is high, while the cost is low. (J02083093-A)
(DE3835230-C2)      The process includes fractioning the waste into degassable and non-degassable components, feeding the degassable components together with water, into a fermenter, where it is degassed. The degassable material is subjected to anaerobic, meso- or thermophile conditions in the fermenter, and the water is warmed using combustion heat. The biogas formed in the fermenter, e.g. methane, is conditioned and the degassed material is dewatered and dried.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for recovering energy by degassing waste material. The process is simple, and the vol. of material is reduced by degassing it in the fermentation stage before combustion.
(JP95103048-B2)      Prepn. of 2C hydrocarbon(s) (I) comprises oxidative coupling of methane (II) over lead oxide-magnesium oxide catalyst by using a specified appts..    In the appts. a porous cylinder 1 is set in a quartz pipe 2, and 1 and 2 are heated to 600-900deg.C(pref. 700-800deg.C). The outside of 1 is coated with magnesium nitrate soln. and 1 is roasted to form magnesium oxide film on surface. Then, the outside surface of 1 is coated with 20% lead nitrile soln., and is roasted to form lead oxide-magnesium oxide catalyst film on the surface. (II) and oxygen are sepd. by a porous wall-lead oxide-magnesium oxide catalyst film oxygen is transported to the outside of 1, and (II) is oxidised on the catalyst film. Molar ratio of (II)/oxygen is 100/1-1/2. Conversion of (II) is 0.02-0.2% and selectivity coefft. of (I) is 100%.    ADVANTAGE -   (I) is prepd. from (II) with high selectivity. Air is used as oxidising agent instead of high purity oxygen.
(GB2226814-B)      A process for reducing the release of gas from dumped solid refuse, which comprises injecting into the solid refuse a liquid slurry formed by mixing a solid mixture comprising (a) at least one siliceous component which is actually or latently hydraulic and which has a silica content of at least 40% by weight, (b) at least one alkaline earth component based on CaO, Ca(OH)2, MgO or Mg(OH)2 as initiator for the hydraulic component, and (c) calcium sulphite and/or calcium sulphate in anhydrous or hydrated form, the weight ratio of component (a) to the sum of components (b) and (c) being from 60:92 to 8:40 and the amount of component (b) being at least 5% by weight of the solid mixture, with water to form said liquid slurry.
(EP363508-B)      A method of controlling the flow of landfill gas from sanitary landfills for domestic refuse and industrial waste, the method being characterised in that landfill gas is drawn out of gas wells, that the temperature of the gas withdrawn from each gas well is measured and that a temperature increase is utilised as an indication of too much landfill gas being withdrawn from the well, i.e. that air has been drawn into the sanitary landfill at the gas well, and that this information is utilised for controlling the flow of gas.    (DE3869612-G)      Gas is drawn from wells, with the temp. of the gas from each well being measured. The temp. is used as a measure of the amt. of gas which may be drawn from a well without there being an adverse effect on the process of gas prodn. in the well. A temp.    meter is placed in the flow of gas from each well and is typically read once a week, or may be passed by cable or other means to a central point for continuous monitoring. The gas temp. may be used to manually or automatically control the flow of gas. An alarm can be arranged to be activated on the occurrence of an increased temp. indicating the need to reduce the gas flow. The method typically uses cement ring wells, horizontal tube conduits and gas collecting domes, a control chamber to control the gas flow, a gas furnace, a gas fan and a microprocessor for overall control.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides control over gas quality and prevents aerobic decomposition.
(US5171690-A)      A composter for toilet and foodstuff waste comprises a single outer wall rotating container with a filtering floor above the container bottom, the region above the floor being divided by vertical walls into sections. An opening with raised edges is formed centrally in the container bottom so that a liq. bed remains on the bottom. A riser tube passes an air flow past the composting material and is guided to the material upper and lower surfaces. The upward air flow entrains liq. from the bed to humidify the material. The guides include upper and lower partition at the tube ends, with the upper partition above the liq. bed. The container is pref. located partially within a toilet room below the toilet.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides effective composting without unpleasant odours.    (DE3991055-C2)      An arrangement for composting human waste as well as food waste includes a toilet in a building and a container which can be rotated about its central axis, with an integral base and a cover. The container has an intermediate floor which has vertical walls on top of it, which divide the container into sections. An air opening is located centrally in the container and has an associated stack for ventilation. The toilet seat has a cover.    ADVANTAGE -   The arrangement is simple and efficient and ensures reliable composting.
(JP95073710-B2)      Treatment process of a high concn. organic waste liq. from beer prodn. process utilising methane fermentation process, where yeast fermentation liq. or heat-treated liq. of beans or grains (at least 0.07 kgTS per BOD 1 kg) is added to the waste liq. as a nutritious source, to raise the propagation activity of methane bacteria. A porous ceramic support (where bacteria is adhered) is used and the methane fermentation is carried out by keeping the ratio of apparent surface area of the support to the effective liq. volumn of the equipment at 20 m2/m3.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conc. organic waste liq. from beer prodn. is treated at a high load condition of more than 8 kg/m3 day, and by keeping the BOD removal ratio of more than 80%. The cooked beans liq. used here are waste from miso prodn. process, i.e. available at a very low price, the running cost is low. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/4)
(DE3927096-C)      Nitric oxide content in the flue gas from coking furnace blocks is reduced on heating with coal gas and/or mixing gas on burning.and removing areas of the heating walls. Thermal NOx redn. is initiated in the removing areas, with addn of carbonaceous, esp. methane-contg. gases, e.g. coal gas or natural gas, as reducing agent, to the flue gases. Pref. an after-combustion is combined with the thermal NOx redn.    ADVANTAGE -   Nitric oxide content of the waste gases is reduced, during the continuous operation of the coking furnace blocks, by external adjustment, without the use of ammonia gas. (3pp)
(DE3833356-C2)      This is a biogas plant with a flexible bell fitted into the container so that it is suspended centrally and the bell edge is attached by a pressure connection. Variants claimed include the bell having at least one dome with an immersion cap, the dome wall having inlet and outlet pipes through it, and an automatic device for switching off if there is a lack of gas.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The arrangement eliminates the drawbacks of flexible bells in other biogas plants, such as difficulties with the lower edge and its sealing and with renewing the bell.
(JP94002631-B2)      A fertiliser mixt. is composed of (1) a natural or synthetic aluminosilicate contg. 0.1-10% active carbon without sulphate cpd., or 0.1% or less active carbon and 5% or less sulphate cpd., (2) a soil conditioner composed of aluminosilicate contg. natural or synthetic mineral, or soil, and (3) an organicm sludge at ratios of 2.5:25-10:7. Aluminosilicates obtd. in petroleum refinery procedures, mineral or soil composed of Kanto loam or porous mineral, and addn. of nutritional materials for plant growth are also claimed.    Natural or synthetic aluminosilicate e.g. clay, wasted catalysts of petroleum oil refinery industry, zeolite and soil for horticulture can be used. Sulphate cpd., e.g. aluminium sulphate, alkali metal sulphates, and sulphonates are used. Sludges can be obtd. from human waste treatment plants. These (1), (2) and (3) are mixed at ratios of 2.5:25-10:7.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   New use of wastes with less malodour.
(EP361002-B1)      Container, optionally with a base and a lid, in particular a compost container, consisting of a plurality of horizontal panel-shaped finished parts, which comprise in the end region in each case two recesses extending in each case from the same narrow side surface, extend approximately at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the finished part, pass from its inner surface to its outer surface, and are delimited on their vertical sides facing one another by means of a longitudinal central section of the finished part and on their vertical sides turned away from each other by means of hooked bars, and the depth of which is defined by means of connecting bars joining the hooked bars to the longitudinal central section, and the width of which is so great that the finished part can be inserted in a comb-like manner in each case by means of a recess in the associated recess of a transverse finished part of the container structure which is adjacent at the top or at the bottom, wherein there are preferably disposed, alternately in the peripheral direction on the upper and lower peripheral edgers of the container a first type of finished part with recesses extending from the upper and lower narrow side surfaces and a second type of finished part with recesses extending from the upper or lower narrow side surface, characterised in that, in each case, connecting bar parts extending preferably over the entire height of the connecting bar and of which the thickness is less than the thickness of the connecting bar are disposed between the connecting bar and the longitudinal central section on the one hand and between the connecting bar and the hooked bar on the other hand.
(US5118336-A)      Process for utilising liq. pig manure (I) comprises formation of a mixt. of (I), a C-contg. support (pref. straw-based) (II) and then adding a mixt. of Serratia and Klebsiella in an amt. to provide a fermentation temp. of 60-72 deg.C. Pref., a natural flocculent (burst Indian corn starch) is present to hold (I) in suspension and natural prods. (e.g. potash and CaCO3) may be added to (II) before it is mixed with (I), to ensure a supply of minerals.    USE -   Prods. may be used for fertilisation of arid soils, or for regeneration of soils exhausted either by intensive crop-growing or by prolonged use of synthetic fertilisers.
(RU2039329-C1)      Cryogenic technique, and appts., for sepg. and recovering C2+ hydrocarbons from a feed gas of methane, ethene and ethane, opt. including hydrogen and minor amts. of C3+ components, in which cold pressurised gaseous streams are sepd. in several rectification chilling zones, pref. dephlegmators. Each dephlegmator is operationally connected to accumulate condensed C2 rich liq. in a lower drum by gravity flow from upper heat exchanger. The method comprises (a) introducing dry feed gas into a primary dephlegmation zone having several serially sequentially colder dephlegmators for sepg. the feed into methane-rich stream recovered at low temp. and at least one condensate stream rich in C2+ components and contg. minor amts. of methane; (b) passing the condensate stream to serially connected methaniser fractionators, in which moderately low temp. recovers a major amt. of methane in first demethaniser overhead and to recover to liq. C2+ liq. demethaniser bottoms free of methane; and (c) sepg. part of first demethaniser overhead vapour in an ultra-low temp. final demethaniser fractionator to recover ethene-rich C2 liq. and a final demethaniser ultra-low temp. overhead vapour, by which energy requirements for refrigeration used in sepg. the C2+ hydrocarbons from methane and lighter components are low.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved cold fractionation system for sepg. light gases at low temp. which is energy efficient and saves capital investment in cryogenic equipment.
(JP2709085-B2)      The safety device comprises a filter mechanism for removing inclusions in methane gas generated in the methane fermenting tank. A water sealing mechanism restorer at least one of fermenting tank or gas holder to normal pressure range when the pressure is abnormally high or low. An overflow mechanism drains condensed water in methane gas, and another mechanism prevents back fire. Methane gas generated by fermenting waste water having a high content of organic materials or excess activated sludge is fed to boiler by the safety device. The methane gas may be fed to a boiler after storage in a gas holder.    ADVANTAGE -   The appts. is compact.
(US4988661-A)      Steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons has at least one of Ni oxide, Co oxide and a Pt gp. noble metal supported on a carrier. The carrier consists of Al2O3, MeO and a forming additive. The MeO and Al2O3 are present in a vol. ratio of 11.1-17.6:100 in the form of a complexed oxide MeO.6Al2O3 (where Me is Ca, Ba and/or Sr).    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst shows high activity, good mechanical strength, good heat resistance, good chemical resistance, and high thermal shock resistance. @(14pp)    (JP2818171-B2)      Steam reforming catalyst (I) for hydrocarbons comprises at least one of Ni oxide or Co oxide or Pt group metal (II) on Al2O3 (III) and metal oxide, MeO (IV) supported carrier (V). Mol. ratio of MeO: Al2O3 is 3-35: 100. Me is at least one of Ca, Ba and Sr.    Pref. Ni/Co oxide (V) ratio is 3-50: 100 pts.wt. (II): (V) is 0.03-3: 100 pts.wt. (III) and (IV) are in the form of complexed oxides MeO.6Al2O3. (V) contains a forming additive, most pref. calcium alumina cement (VI) at 10-40 wt.%. of essential components of (V). (I) is formed by mixing (III) and/or Al2O3.nH2O with (IV) and (VI), calcining the mixt. and impregnating with Ni oxide/Co oxide/(II) and calcining again.    ADVANTAGE -   (I) exhibits high activity, superior mechanical strength, good heat resistance, high chemical stability, remarkable thermal shock resistance, high specific surface ear at high temperature and does not form Ni or Co aluminate.
(US5019631-A)      Amorphous modified poly (2,6-dimethyl-ppoxyphenylene) has glass transition temp. of 180deg.-22odeg.C. On the average 10-60% of amorphous modified poly (2,6-dimethyl-p-oxyphenylene) comprise: (a) or (b)
(JP2505543-B2)      A mixt. consisting of 20 to 80 wt.% of crystalline propylene resin having a melt index of below 10, pref below 5 (measured at 230 deg.C) and 80 to 20 wt.% of styrene/ethylene butylene/styrene block copolymer having melt index of below 10. Pref. below 5 (measured at 230 deg.C is melt extruded in the presence of volatile organic foaming agent. For improved heat resistance, vinyl trialkoxysilane is graft bonded to at least one of the crystalline propylene resin and styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene block copolymer. The crystalline propylene resin includes isotactic polypropylene, propylene/ethylene block copolymer consisting mainly of propylene, etc. The volatile organic foaming agent includes propane, methyl chloride, trichloro-monofluoromethane, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Crystalline propylene resin-contg. foam having excellent heat resistance, uniformly minute cell structure and a high expansion ratio is produced at a low cost under stabilised condition.
(DE3830289-C2)      A process for composting organic material in order to obtain organic dung material, includes feeding air into the material for composting purposes, after which it is dried. The composted material is dried under vacuum, pref. a vacuum of 1 mbar.    ADVANTAGE -   The process enables a stabilised and storable compost to be produced.
(US5139554-A)      Organic material composting method, involves feeding and compacting the material by gravitational force which is controlled, and which is generated by the material being deposited upon a surface inclined at more than zero and less than 90 deg.    Pref. the inclined surface is that of a stepped and adjustable floor, and air is flowed through the organic material from air inlets in a treatment chamber housing the floor. Pref. the inlets are below the floor and can be unclogged by a cleaning tool.    USE -   Esp. composting sludge from waste water treatment appts    (EP426704-B1)      A method of composing a particular organic matter comprising the steps of: depositing a particular organic matter (36) in a chamber (20) of a vessel (12), exerting a compressive force on the organic matter (36) to move the organic matter (36) through the vessel (12); determining an optimum range of compaction density for the particular organic matter (36) being processed, controlling the compaction density of the organic matter (36) being processed by imposing a controlled gravitational influence on the movement of the organic matter (36) through the vessel (12), which controlled gravititional influence, in turn, controls the amount of compressive force needed to move the organic matter through the vessel (12), said compaction controlling step including the step of establishing an angle (50) of disposition for said vessel (12) relative to the horizontal for the particular organic matter (36) being processed such as to cause the amount of compressive force necessary to move the organic matter through the chamber (20) of the vessel (12) during said exertng step to coincide with a range of compressive force necessary to achieve the optimum range of compaction density, and aerating the organic matter (36) in the vessel (12) by effecting flow of aeration air between an exterior to said vessel (12) and said chamber (20) through air orifices (42).
(US5290327-A)      Fuel gas suitable for public utility use is produced from refuse by forming carbonisation gas and residue from refuse in an externally heated low-temp. gas generator in the absence of oxygen and without any carbonisation media, grinding the residue to fine dust, and producing a crude gas and second residue from both carbonisation gas and dust in an externally-heated generator in the absence of air with process steam as gasification medium.    The crude gas heat is used to heat the first generator and to superheat the process steam, then the crude gas is purified to give fuel gas. The second residue is burned in a combustion chamber and the flue gas is used to superheat the steam.    ADVANTAGE -   Produces fuel gas more efficiently and without the need for electrical current or remote heat.
(DE3829018-C2)      Composting organic materials, esp. household waste, includes placing the organic waste in a closed container, converting the biologically decomposable components by supplying air to the material, and then drying. The weight of the organic material is repeatedly or continually measured and the composting is then stopped by drying, when the organic material weight is just below a given value.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is simple and effective.
(US4923493-A)      Cryoscopic sepn. of CO2 and other acidic gases from methane and opt. other non-acidic gases comprises passing the gas mixt. through a freezing unit to obtain a liq. feed, which is cooled further by introduction of a recycled liq. fraction at lower temp. until the overall liq. temp. is close to the m.pt. of CO2, without actual solidification; and fractional distn. at temps. -62 to -130 F/550 psi.    USE -   Process is an economic means of purificn. of methane fractions from acidic contaminants.    (9pp)
(DE3827288-C2)      A process for the microbiological breakdown of organic waste, which is placed in a closed container and removed mechanically after the breakdown includes dividing each charge into two part charge sections of 40-400 m3.    The part charges are alternately ventilated and are removed after mirobiological action is complete.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is simple and effective.
(JP92063758-B)      A controller of the methane mfg. appts. to produce methane by anerobically treating organic waste water memoriser to detect time series data of signals contg. signals relating to liq. flowing into the appts. and liq. flowing out of the mfg. appts.; an analyser to extract characteristics of processes from mutual relations obtd. by eliminating time elements from calculated two step time-differential values of memorised signals; a knowledge base deciding cause and effect relations of characteristics of mutual relations of signals and operation management of the mfg. appts.; and a reasoning part to decide to manage operation of the appts. based on the analytical results and knowledge base are all claimed.    USE -   To automatically manage operation of the methane mfg. appts. (J02004499-A)
(US5116761-A)      An appts. for prepg. compost from manure by fermentation comprises a manure-receiving chamber having discharge means for gaseous phase discharged form the manure and an inlet means for supplying an oxygen-contg. gas to the manure. The inlet and discharge means are fluidly connected to one another and form a circulation loop with the chamber. The circulation loop gas an inlet part. The improvement comprises a cooling apparatus for cooling the gaseous phase and thereby form an aq. phase and a residual gas phase, and a collection apparatus for collecting the aq. phase, and a collection apparatus for collecting the aq. phase sepd. by the cooling of the gaseous phase, the residual gas phase remaining after cooling being passed through the circulation loop, the collecting apparatus being fluidly connected to a reservoir for holding the aqueous phase, the reservoir being provided with heating means for separating ammonia by heating the aqueous phase, and being in communication with the inlet part of the circulation loop for introducing the sepd. ammonia into the residual gas phase to be supplied to the manure.
(US5374530-A)      Monoplate ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay method detects antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in a human blood sample and mosquito extract.    Process comprises using a single plate pretreated with only synthetic antigen (NANP)20 as total competitive inhibitor for the formation of the complex between the antigen adsorbed on the plate and the antigen in the sample. Wt. ratio (NANP)20 synthetic peptide:adsorbed antigen is 20:1 or more.    USE -   For epidemiological studies on malaria, having high specificity, sensitivity and speed.
(JP93058767-B)      An improvement to a process for sepn. of a feed gas (I) in a membrane system into a more permeable component and a less permeable component, when (I) contains contaminants comprising heavier, e.g. active, carbon, zeolite or alumina, hydrocarbons (more than C5) and lighter hydrocarbons (C5 or less) comprises (a) contacting (I) with a bed of adsorbent material which selectively adsorbs the heavy hydrocarbons; and (b) passing the treated gas mixt. contg. the light hydrocarbons to the membrane system.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Heavier hydrocarbons are found to cause degradation of the permeability of the sepn. membrane, while the lighter hydrocarbons do not cause such degradation. Selective removal of the heavier hydrocarbons only from the feed before contact with the membrane prevents degradation and permits optimising the membrane system. Processes mentioned are sepn. of air into nitrogen and oxygen-enriched air, purificn. of hydrogen from off-gas contg. methane and ethane, recovery of hydrogen from ammonia purge gas and carbon dioxide/methane sepn. (J02157013-A)
(JP95088921-B2)      Process, and apparatus, for generating steam from wet fuel using the heat energy of the flue gas generated by combusting the dried fuel in a furnace comprises (a) evaporating water from the wet fuel by bringing it into direct contact with superheated steam, producing saturated steam and dried fuel; (b) superheating at least a portion of the saturated steam by bringing the steam into direct contact with a hot thermal carrier, producing a cooled thermal carrier; (c) heating the cooled thermal carrier by contact with the flue gases produced by combusting the dried fuel; and (d) using the heated thermal carrier as the heating medium for the steam in step (b).    ADVANTAGE -   The steam which is produced during the process is derived from the wet fuel.
(JP96009748-B2)      Gas absorbing alloy comprises, by wt., 10-54% V, 0.5-20% Fe, 0.5-6% Ni, (but up to 55% in total V, Fe and Ni), and balance substantially Zr.    USE -   The alloy shows non-volatility and high activity, and is used as a H2 gas occluding material or O2, N2, CO, CO2 or CH4 gas absorbing material.
(US5246791-A)      The high temp. fuel cell comprises a reforming catalyst in contact with a hydrocarbon-contg. fuel and subject to contact with a molten carbonate electrolyte. The reforming catalyst comprises Ru carried on a support of rare earth oxides, zirconia, ceria or esp. magnesia, and reforms the hydrocarbon-contg. fuel to an H20 contg. fuel. The catalyst pref. further contains Ni.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved corrosion resistance and activity, and increased resistance to deactivation by the electrolyte.
(US5061670-A)      Catalyst contg. 1 or more lanthanide-gp. metal and 1 or more alkaline earth metal, is prepd. such that at least part of the metals comprises carbonates and/or oxycarbonates.    Process comprises (a) contacting (i) an aq. phase contg. 1 or more metal of the lanthanide gp. of atomic numbers 57, or 59-71 in soln. with 1 or more alkaline earth metal cation, with (ii) carbonate ions (and opt. OH-ions) in amt. of from a Co-ppte. of carbonates and/or hydroxycarbonates contg. 5wt.% or more of carbonates and bring reaction medium to more than pH8; (b) sepg. Co-ppte from medium, and washing it; (c) drying co-ppte; and (d) calcining at 400-1000 deg.C.    USE -   For selective oxidative conversion of CH4 into (more than 2C) hydrocarbons and higher hydrocarbons. @(7pp)    (JP2733588-B2)      A catalyst contg. lanthanide metal and an alkaline earth, as carbonates and/or oxycarbonates, is prepd. by (a) contacting an aq. phase contg. cations of a lanthanide of atomic number 57 or 59 - 71, and cations of an alkaline earth, with a source of carbonate ions and opt. of hydroxide ions, to form a co-ppte. of carbonates and/or hydroxycarbonates contg. at least 5 wt.% of carbonate, and to bring the pH to above 8, (b) sepg. the co-ppte., and (c) washing, drying in air, and calcining at 400-1000 deg. C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst is used in oxidative conversion of CH4 to higher hydrocarbons, esp. 2+C. The catalyst has high activity and selectivity.
(JP95098710-B2)      Prodn. of manure comprises: (1) fermentation step, where organic substances with water content of at least 70 wt.% are mixed with porous Ca silicate hydrated with void vol. of at least 50% and granular dia. of at least 3 mm to give organic mixt. with water content of 50-75 wt.%, followed by fermentation; and (2) filtration step, where fermented mixt. is filtered and sepd. to organic manure having low content of porous Ca silicate hydrate and residual porous Ca silicate hydrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The high quality organic manure is produced from organic substances with high water-content (e.g. sewage, industrial waste water, sludge) in short period. Total N and total C content is 3.6% and 25.9% in the manure produced by this method as opposed to 1.2% and 9.2% when mixing Ca silciate hydrate with granular dia. of less than 1 mm.
(US4919865-A)      Composite membranes capable of selectively permeating gaseous components from gaseous feed mixts. comprise a porous support layer (having substantially no gas sepn. properties) on which is a thin essentially non-porous gas sepn. layer consisting of a mixt. of (A) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or a copolymer thereof contg. at least 50 wt.% PMMA, and (B) one or more cellulosic derivs. The membrane combine the high selectivity of (A) and the high permeability of (B) to provide a unique gas sepn. material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The blends retain characteristics of both components and in partic. provide a method of overcoming the poor permeability characteristics of PMMA. The membrane may be produced fault-free in a variety of conventional forms (sheet, hollow, fibres, etc.) and used in gas, pervaporation or perstruction sepn. operations. They are partic. useful for recovery of H2 from streams contg. it e.g. in mixts. iwth N2 or CH4, good sepns. of CH4 from CO2 or N2, and O2 from air are also achievable. (First major country equivalent to ES2009370-A) @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
(US4935099-A)      Charcoal is produced in an upright moving-bed retort in which wood is charged at the top and charcoal discharged at the bottom. Hot carbonising gas is fed counter-currently. Exhaust gases are fed directly to a combustion chamber with a stoichiometric quantity of air to produce a gas capable of further combustion at a temp. of 800 to 1250 deg.C.    Combustion is completed in a second section of the combustion chamber.    ADVANTAGE -   Exhaust gas and particularly are reduced. (5pp)