Process comprises (a) treating the substrate with a surface treating agent contg. HF; (b) cleaning the surface of the substrate; (c) rinsing the substrate in pure water, removing liq. and drying. The cleaner contains silicone and/or its deriv. and surface of the substrate is cleaned after being rendered hydrophilic.    Appts. to carry out the process is also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is applied to semiconductor device with no generation of oxide film on it, effective removal of colloidal particles and without re-adhesion of F on the wafer.    In an example, a cleaning appts. is set in advance of photoresist coating process. A wafer is cleaned by 5% HF soln. to removing SiO film on it, cleaned with a choline cleaning soln., rinsed in pure water. Surface of the wafer is slightly etched by pure water contg. silicone and F ion or inorganic ion combines with choline cation to form colloidal particles, and covered with OH(-) to make it hydrophilic. The colloidal particles are removed by centrifugal force with the cleaner, and substrate is dried. As a result, the number of particles remaining is 44 by choline cleaning but 111 particles by surfactant cleaning and 1105 particles by H2O2 cleaning. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
A cylindrical Ni/H cell includes a stack of electrodes and separators which are arranged perpendicularly to the cylinder axis, where each electrode plate has a current connection. The stack is surrounded by a hemispherical pressure tight metal housing, and insulating material is located between the housing and the stack. The insulation member pref. consists of a polysulphone or polyetherketone, and consists of a cylindrical mantle which extends over the stack length.    ADVANTAGE -   The insulation material is simple and quick to produce, and has a long life. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
A solar cell collector for the conversion of solar energy in electrical energy has a density of under 1 g/cu.cm so that it floats on the surface of tropical oceans. A solar cell foil (2), coated with photoactive semiconductors, is welded between two transparent plastic foils (1, 3) of crosslinked PE with a density of 0.92 g/cu.cm by watertight welds (4, 5). Punched holes (6) permit the sea water to pass through and reduce the destructive effect of waves.    ADVANTAGE -   Such collectors are less costly than the earlier suggestion of floating pontoons carrying solar cells. Crosslinked PE foil resists sea water for up to 30 years. @(3pp DWg.NO.1/2)@
An electrical device comprises electrical transmission means (106,110) connected to a nonisotropic cpd. (100) which is a polyethylene oxide polymer or copolymer surfactant or caesium myristate, ammonium laurate, triethanolamine stearate or triethanolamine laurate.    The compsn. (100) contg. the non-isotropic cpd. also contains a polar liq. e.g. 6-80 wt.% water or an aq. electrolyte e.g. a Na, Li, K, Rb or Cs salt. The nonisotropic cpd. has a lamellar liquid crystal or neat, subneat, superwaxy, waxy, subwaxy or middle soap microstructure, or is a polymorphic solid micellar soln. The polyethylene oxide polymer includes a 5-20C alkyl gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The nonisotropic cpd. is used as the dielectric in a capacitor, as an electrolyte in a supercapacitor (100) or as an electrolyte in a battery. It has high capacitance, em wave reflector.
Non-aq. electrolyte sec. cell uses Li or Li cpd. as negative electrode, contains Li salt and positive electrode activator of LixMn2O4 where x is 1.025 1.025-1.185.    ADVANTAGE -   Cycle characteristics of the sec. cell are improved.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by blending (in pts. wt.) 7 of Li1.1 Mn2O4, 2 of acetylene black and 1 of polyethylene-tetra-fluoride resin. It was pressed by 1 ton/sq.cm. pressure to give 17.5mm dia. positive electrode. Porous polypropylene separator, 17.5mm dia. and 0.3mm thick Li of negative electrode non-aq. electrolyte (1 mol/1 potassium percholorate dissolved in 1:1 vol. ratio of propylene-carbonate and dimethoxy-methan) are mfd. to form cell. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Non-aq. electrolyte sec. cell uses Li or Li cpd. as negative electrode, contains Li salt and positive electrode activator of LixMn2O4 where x is 1.025 1.025-1.185.    ADVANTAGE -   Cycle characteristics of the sec. cell are improved.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by blending (in pts. wt.) 7 of Li1.1 Mn2O4, 2 of acetylene black and 1 of polyethylene-tetra-fluoride resin. It was pressed by 1 ton/sq.cm. pressure to give 17.5mm dia. positive electrode. Porous polypropylene separator, 17.5mm dia. and 0.3mm thick Li of negative electrode non-aq. electrolyte (1 mol/1 potassium perchlorate dissolved in 1:1 vol. ratio of propylene-carbonate and dimethoxy-methan) are mfd. to form cell.
The voltage dividing resistor element for mounting inside electron tube comprises ceramic insulating substrate principally consisting of aluminium oxide, resistor layer consisting of metal oxide contg. ruthenium oxide, lead borosilicate glass, which is formed on the substrate, and insulating coating layer formed on the resistor layer. In this element, metal oxide layer formed by hydrolysis of organic metallic cpd. is placed in-between the insulating substrate and the resistor layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The voltage dividing resistor element is used as the element to be mounted inside electron tubes, e.g. Braun tube for the colour TV. Resistance value change and life characteristicss of the element are improved. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A solid polymer electrolyte comprises (A) reticular polyethylene glycol diacrylate polymer contg. (B) PVC (C) a low mol. wt. polyethylene glycol contg. methyl-etherified terminals and (D) an alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt.    Specifically, (B) is hard PVC having an average mol. wt. of 10000-500000 and blended opt. a stabiliser (e.g. lead white, 3PbO.PbSO4, PbHPO3, dibasic PB phthalate, Cd-Ba-, Zn- or Ca-stearate, -laurate, -linolate, -naphthenate or -ethylhexanoate, dibutyl Sn dilaurate, dibutyl Sn maleate or dibutyl Sn mercaptide) in an amt. of 0.1-5 PHR.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity film strength and high adhesion with electrode. It is used for solid Li cell or solid plastic cell or an electrolyte for electrochromic display. @(4pp Dwg.No.Dwg. Not available)
The panels can be of two types, i.e. one for heating water, and one for heating air. Lenses of acryl are employed with a dia. of 50 mm. From the lens to the heat plate at the point where its focal point produces heat is a distance of 55mm.     In the one type of panel run pipes carrying water, and in the other are air channels. Both the pipes and the air channels are built into insulated space between the heat and union plates. The panels can have an area of between one quarter and 1 square metre. They can be joined together to provide large surfaces, and are mountable in consoles in outdoor areas. They can be controlled electronically to follow the _emovements of the sun.    USE -   To heat water or air, using solar energyjo
The electronically rechargeable current source can be connected to a conventional bicycle light. The dynamo and Ni-Cad bicycle light batteries are provided with an automatic switching mechanism enclosed in a PVC sleeve which is attached in turn in or on the saddle post. The current source can not only be safely retained in the frame but also be concealed. With possible use of a hand switch, the dynamo may be switched off while being ridden for a certain time and the part may be fixed to the saddle clamp, for safe storage. The current source takes over the volume of the dynamo when stationary and the cyclist can be seen at traffic obstacles.    ADVANTAGE -   With dynamo switched on, only one fifth of the current is used for charging avoiding over charging. The Ni-Cads have a life of at least 500 recharges. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Photovoltaic assembly for converting high intensity solar radiation comprises: a base formed of a heat-conducting backing plate and a composite heat-conducting dielectric layer comprising a thin film of porous Al203 and an electrophoretically-deposited styrene-acrylate resin in the pores of the Al203; and photovoltaic cells in thermal contact with the composite dielectric layer, heat generated in the cells being transmitted to the backing plate.    ADVANTAGE -   Composite layer combines high electrical insulation with high heat conductivity for efficient thermal transfer to the backing plate. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
Solar heating structure for heating a room space comprises a blackened panel (241) which is disposed inside the exterior glazing (237) to form a chamber. The panel (241) has a planar shape when cold and a curved shape when hot to open a passage between the room and the chamber. The panel (241) can be detachably mounted on the window pane e.g. by a suction cup and can be made of foamed low density urethane reinforced with fibreglass and having Al foil bonded to both panel faces.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides an efficient collector of heat adsorbed from the sun and which can also act as an insulating panel to impede loss of heat to the outside. @(15pp Dwg.No.16/19)@
Assembly (I) comprising a: at least one thin layer (II) of ion-conducting macromolecular material or solid polymeric electrolyte (with ionic conductivity pref. at least 10 power -7) seimens/cm at ambient temps. and electronic conductivity less than 10 power -19) siemens/cm)., between and in intimate contact with, b) two layers (III) having high electronic conductivity (pref. more than 10 power -8 siemens/cm is rapidly and uniformly heated, by applying across (III) an electrical signal which has at least one alternating component opt. sinusoidal or discontinuous) with an amplitude of 0.005-100 (pref. 0.05-30) volts and a frequency less than 5000 Hz, (pref. 10-500 Hz).    The heating effect may be controlled by limiting the current generated in the assembly or the amplitude of the signal applied. Pref. (II) is solid soln. of at least one alkali metal (esp. Li) ionisable salt in a polymer with hetero-atoms esp. O or N, e.g. polyethers, (V) able to form donor-acceptor bands with the salts cation, esp. IV contains two polymer chains linked by an Al, Zn, Mg, Si, Cd, B, Ti, or P atoms and II polymers contg. ionisable functions or inert polymers with ionisable mineral or organic cpds. dispersed in them.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) is used in electrochemical current generators which give more power at higher temp. The claimed process gives more uniform heating than prior-art processes such as external or dielectric loss heating. Also claimed is use of I as a coating for any shape to allow surface heating. I may be applied by a painting technique.
@(Dwg.No.0/0)
A frameless photovoltaic solar generator for the facade of a high multi-storey building, a roof or a wintergarden, has solar cells, embedded in plastic material as a solar cell laminate and is covered by a glass plate. The rear of the generator has fixing profiles with recesses for cushion pads, made of silicone adhesive.    The solar cell laminate module (1) rests without surrounding frame directly on a T-shaped support profile (2). The flange (5) of this profile contacts the rear (3) of the solar cell module by the two end faces (10), flanking the recess (8). The elastic connecting pad (4) is made of silicone adhesive; gaps are left at both sides to permit a slight heat-induced displacement of the solar cell laminate (1).    ADVANTAGE -   Such a frameless solar generator has no reduced active surface due to a frame and has therefore an optimum area utilisation. @(8pp Dwg.No.3/7)@
A solar cell module consists of a solar cell laminate resting on a structure, designed as an angle bracket, through elastic pads. One rim of the bracket is raised above the support plane and faces the edge of the solar cell at an angle of ALPHA = 60-75 deg.    The solar cell laminate (1) rests on an angle bracket (2) consisting of the sides (3,3a) and a rim extension (4). This has an angle of ALPHA to reflect solar radiation into the solar cell. The pads (12) on which the rear (6) of the solar cell rests are made of elastic material but do not fill the recessess (11) to permit some heat-induced length changes.    ADVANTAGE -   This adds the reflected heat radiation to the gain due to the absence of any shadow from a frame, resulting in still better efficiency. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Appts. to bond a plate member, onto a base member comprises a means to supply the plate member, a plate member holder, a means to turn the member over and means to it, and means to bond the plate onto pre-determined position on the base member.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used to fix a solar cell. Automatic bonding is facilitated, accompanied by high dimensional accuracy.
Electron is taken out of the electrode by redox reaction among organic substance, enzyme, and electron carrier. The organic substance comprises glucose, the enzyme comprises glucose oxidase, and the electron carrier comprises meldolablue.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The glucose biological cell is used as the cell in which organic substance is fuel to generate electric energy. Conversion efficiency and stability of the cell are good. Open circuit voltage of the cell is improved. @(9pp)
Electron is taken out of the electrode by redox reaction among organic substance, enzyme, and electron carrier. The organic substance comprises glucose, the enzyme comprises glucose oxidase, and the electron carrier comprises meldolablue.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The glucose biological cell is used as the cell in which organic substance is fuel to generate electric energy. Conversion efficiency and stability of the cell are good. Open circuit voltage of the cell is improved. @(9pp)
Electron is taken out of the electrode by redox reaction among organic substance, enzyme, and electron carrier. The organic substance comprises glucose, the enzyme comprises glucose oxidase, and the electron carrier comprises meldolablue.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The glucose biological cell is used as the cell in which organic substance is fuel to generate electric energy. Conversion efficiency and stability of the cell are good. Open circuit voltage of the cell is improved. @(9pp)
A polymeric solid electrolyte consisting of a high mole. cpd. having a repeating unit of formula (1) and a metallic salt contg. a Gp. (a or IIa metal ion. In (I), L1, L2 are bifunctional connecting gps.; X1, X2 are trifunctional connecting gps.; R1, R2 are -H or lower alkyl gp.; R3, R4 are -H, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl gp.; n is 1-3.    (I) is, e.g. formula (II). The metal ion is pref. Li, Na or K and its metallic salt is e.g. LiCF3SO2 or KSCN. The ratio of ethylene oxide unit of (I) to the metal ion is pref. 6-30. A solvent, which can be used for forming a solution of (I), is e.g. acetonitrile or propylene carbonate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As an antistatic material and electrochemical material for battery and condenser. It has a high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. @(12pp Dwg.No 0/0)@
Producing hard carbon wire for use as lead wire is claimed by: (1) mixing C powder with binder contg. (a) monomer/precondensate of furan resin and (b) Cl-contg. vinyl resin and carbonised after calcining; (2) applying high shearing force to knead mixt.; (3) extrusion moulding mixt.; (4) insolubilising and infusibilising moulding; and (5) calcining moulding in inert gas atmos.    Binder comprises: (a) comprising monomer/precondensate of synthetic resin(s) having furan ring in mol. structure, including furfuryl alcohol resin, furfuryl alcohol/furfural cocondensate resin, furfural/phenol cocondensate resin, furfural/ketone cocondensate resin and furfuryl alcohol/phenol cocondensate resin; and (b) selected from chlorinated vinyl chloride resin particles, vinyl chloride resin, chlorinated vinyl chloride and chlorinated vinylidene resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Simple, inexpensive method produces corrosion-/wear-resistant, light-wt., mechanically strong lead wires with low electrical resistance for producing power to be supplied to a fuel battery.
A solar house tries to combine all experience collected in utilizing the solar heat, by modular structural elements, room design and room utilization. One of the main features is the transparent semicylindrical roof which can be tilted in e the N-S direction and is made as a shell of glass fibre reinforced PLEXIGLAS (RTM). Its horizontal projection is 16x30 m and it has in the northern centre a sliding sunshine roof of 7x8 m. The inclination of the ridge in the N-S direction can be varied from 7 to 30 deg.C.    ADVANTAGE -   Suchs house supplies enough energy for the energy for the entire building and to supply surplus electricity to the public mains. This is done by solar cell generators under the roof. @(7pp @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
A supported photovoltaic array comprises 2 rows of spaced apart support elements set in the earth; first members, each spanning support elements; second members spanning the first members; a set of photovoltaic modules mounted on each pair of second members, with each module sepd. from an adjacent module, with each adjacent pair of modules being secured to an underlying second member by at least one cushioned, load-spreading attachment positioned in the spaces between adjacent pairs of modules.    Pref. (i) each load-spreading attachment is a rivet with an enlarged head having an area greater than 3 times the cross-sectional area of the rivet stem; (ii) the 2 rows of support elements are wooden piles and the modules have glass substrates; (iii) the first members span support elements in rows or columns and the modules are retained by clips; (iv) each second member is a rail formed form sheet metal with at least 2 bends.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Low cost and mechanically simple construction of support systems for photovoltaic arrays. Particularly suitable for construction by non-specialist contractors. @(11pp Dwg.No.4b/7)@
Conductor material is made by polymerising cpd. with C-C triple bond and ether bond in same molecule in presence of Ag then contacting it with soln. contg. Pd.    USE -   For liq. display devices, or solar cell electrodes, showing reflectivity at ird. ray range. Conductor material, for liq. display device, etc. is mfd. by polymerising unsatd. ether CPD in silver and adding lead-contg. soln. @(7pp Dwg.No. 0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, gradually cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3.
(JP2250260-A)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen occlusion electrode has main section filled with a hydrogen occlusion alloy powder. A resin powder of 0.5-2 mg/cm2 is added to both sides of the electrode. The resin powder has water non-absorption property.    USE - For nickel-hydrogen battery.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates charging of the battery in short time by using the electrode with stable gas absorption property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of hydrogen occlusion electrode.
The non-aq. system prim. cell comprises an anode, cathode of light metal or light metal alloy, and organic electrolyte. The organic electrolyte comprises a Lewis acid double salt of formula LiXFn, where X = B, P, As or Sb, n = 4 in case that X = B, or n = 6 in case that X = P, As, or Sb. The organic electrolyte can comprise a mixed solvent of at least a cyclic carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell is safe if short-circuited. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The non-aq. system prim. cell comprises an anode, cathode of light metal or light metal alloy, and organic electrolyte. The organic electrolyte comprises a Lewis acid double salt of formula LiXFn, where X = B, P, As or Sb, n = 4 in case that X = B, or n = 6 in case that X = P, As, or Sb. The organic electrolyte can comprise a mixed solvent of at least a cyclic carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell is safe if short-circuited. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Prepn. of hydrophobic material comprises applying hydrocarbons polymer cpd. soln. to surface of material to be treated; vaporising solvent from soln.; and fluoriding polymer cpd. to coat surface with the fluorided polymer cpd..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Simple, economical process providing durable, uniform, hydrophobic coating over entire surface, can be used for surface treatment of industrial reaction appts. and esp. has claimed use for prepg. hydrophobic material for use in a fuel cell e.g., coated carbon black/paper electrodes.
A lithium storage battery consists of a lithium or lithium alloy anode, an organic solvent and lithium salt electrolytic soln. or lithium salt and polymer complex solid electrolyte and a cathode of LiV3O8 in amorphous form.    Pref. the amorphous LiV3O8 is prepd. at room temp. from aq. LiOH with V2O5 in ratio 2/3; the cathode may contain conductive additives such as graphite or binding additives such as Teflon or polypropylene; the lithium is alloyed with Al, Cd, Sn, Pb, Cr, Bi or Mn; the lithium salt may be LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiBF4 or LiCF3SO3; the organic solvents are propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane, methylformate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran or sulpholane; and the polymer is polyethylene oxide, polypropy.ene oxide or mixts..    ADVANTAGE -   High specific capacity and specific energy values are obtd. using an amorphous LiV3O8 cathode, e.g., 400 Ah/kg and 1032 Wh/kg respectively. Storage batteries according to the invention withstand a higher number of recharge cycles. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
A solid state laminar electrochemical cell (10) comprises, in order; (a) an alkali metal anode layer (18); (b) a solid, ionically conductive electrolyte layer (16); (c) a cathode compsn. layer (14); and (d) a current collector (12).    The surface of the current collector (12) in contact with the cathod layer (14) is microroughened to enable the layers to tightly adhere to each other.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process allows the prodn. of solid state alkali metal anode prim. or sec. cells having improvements in cell impedance and, in turn, recharging ability and high current discharge, as a result of improved contact between cathode and current collector. @(12pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
An electrical storage cell (10) that is resistant to freezing comprises: (A) Storage means which includes an array of active plate sets (12) where each plate set includes a positive electrode (14), a porous hydrogen negative electrode (16), and a separator (18) between the positive electrode and the negative electrode (B) A pressure vessel that contains the plate sets (12). The hydrogen negative electrode (16) comprises a substrate (50) having a layer (52) of a sintered mixt. of electrically conductive particles (54) and a binder, the layer of the sintered mixt. (52) having a thickness of at least 0.007 in.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as nickel-hydrogen cells as used in spacecraft applications. The storage cell can operate at temps. below those of prior approaches while maintaining performance. @(7pp Dwg.No.2/4)@
The non-aq. cell comprises anode, cathode, separator, and non-aq. electrolyte. The non-aq. electrolyte contains 0.01 wt.%-5 wt.% of at least one of phosphorus cpd. of formulae (I), (II) and (III), (where R1-R6 = 4-30C alkyl, allyl, aryl, alalkyl, or halogenated alkyl, R7 = 1-30C alkyl, allyl, aryl, alalkyl, or halogenated alkyl, R8 and R9 = 4-30C alkyl, allyl, aryl, alalkyl, or halogenated alkyl).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The non-aq. cell is used for the compact size, high capacity cell. Impregnation of the non-aq. electrolyte to the separator is improved. Cell voltage and capacity are improved. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
Mirror comprises: a thin flexible metal foil substrate with a glassy coating; an Si3N4 diffusion barrier; and a reflective layer of metal. A second Si3N4 diffusion barrier layer is pref. added on the reflective metal layer.    The metal is pref. Ag and the glassy coating is pref. SiO2 pref. derived from a sol-gel.    Pref., the entire Ag layer is sandwiched and sealed in Si3N4. In an embodiment, the glassy layer on the foil substrate is omitted. The foil may be thin-rolled stainless steel and the reflective layer Ag, or both may be Al. In further alternatives, the flexible substrate is a polymer sheet coated with a glassy ceramic layer, or it may be Cu foil.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   With e.g. mirrored solar collectors. Use of the diffusion barrier(s) enhances the mirror's outdoor life to e.g. over 20 yrs. @(13pp Dwg.No.4/13)@
A solar energy hybrid panel is obtd. in which a heat collector made of a hardly adhesive resin, e.g. polypropylene, polyethylene, etc., is coated with a modified chlorinated resin, and solar cells are bonded to the modified chlorinated resin film with an elastic adhesive, e.g., silicone resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl butyral, ethylenevinyl acetate, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Produces high-quality solar energy hybrid panels because solar cells can be exactly and easily bonded to the heat collector without use of specific appts. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Glass beads are used for interlockedly bonding an insulator ring at the outer periphery of the end of openings of bottomed cylindrical solid electrolyte, and are made by forming a glass having lower coefft. of thermal expansion than those of the solid electrolyte and the ring to be specified uniform spherical form previously.    Bonding the insulator ring on the outer periphery of the end of the opening of the solid electrolyte, is performed by disposing the electrolyte on a jig to be the openings downside, disposing the insulator ring having taper portion spreading to the bottom direction, at the glass bonding surface of the outer peripheral portion of the openings, placing the glass beads on the taper portion of the ring, and heating the beads.    USE -   For forming Na-S cells, improving efficiency of the bonding work. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Glass beads are used for interlockedly bonding an insulator ring at the outer periphery of the end of openings of bottomed cylindrical solid electrolyte, and are made by forming a glass having lower coefft. of thermal expansion than those of the solid electrolyte and the ring to be specified uniform spherical form previously.    Bonding the insulator ring on the outer periphery of the end of the opening of the solid electrolyte, is performed by disposing the electrolyte on a jig to be the openings downside, disposing the insulator ring having taper portion spreading to the bottom direction, at the glass bonding surface of the outer peripheral portion of the openings, placing the glass beads on the taper portion of the ring, and heating the beads.    USE -   For forming Na-S cells, improving efficiency of the bonding work. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Prepn. method of hydrogen occluding electrode is new, where paste principally consisting of hydrogen occluding powder, which does not contain additive of fibre-forming binder, is filled in porous metallic substrate, then dried. On the surface of the obtd. substrate, dispersion liq. of fibre-forming binder is applied, and dried, then rolled spread.    Pref. rolling spread is done in several divided steps.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for prepn. of hydrogen occluding electrode for the sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the electrode is improved.    In an example, 100 pts. 14pts.wt. of hydrogen occluding alloy of LaNi4.7 Al0.3 and 20 pts.wt. of conductive agent of Ni powder, and 80 pts.wt. of viscous liq. of 3% methylcellulose aq. soln. were mixed and kneaded to prepare paste in low viscosity. The paste was filled in foam nickel substrate of approx. 1.6 mm thickness. The paste filled substrate was dried at 80 deg.C for 1 hr. On the surface of the dried substrate, dispersion liq. of PTFE was applied, then dried, then rolled spread to make PTFE to fibre. The rolling spread was done several times to repeat formation of the fibre. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Ion source comprises arc discharge chamber, oven accommodating ionisation material to be vaporised, and filament performing thermoelectron discharge for hot vapourisation and arc discharge of ionised material. The device is equipped with permament magnets around the arc chamber to make cusp field in the arc discharge chamber and the oven is arranged in the cusp field in the arc discharge chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The oven and the ionised material are directly heated by the filament, in addn. the power by the arc discharge concentrates on the oven in cusp part, which improve heating efficiency and increases steam flow from the oven. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Ion source comprises arc discharge chamber, oven accommodating ionisation material to be vaporised, and filament performing thermoelectron discharge for hot vapourisation and arc discharge of ionised material. The device is equipped with permament magnets around the arc chamber to make cusp field in the arc discharge chamber and the oven is arranged in the cusp field in the arc discharge chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The oven and the ionised material are directly heated by the filament, in addn. the power by the arc discharge concentrates on the oven in cusp part, which improve heating efficiency and increases steam flow from the oven. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Ion source comprises arc discharge chamber, oven accommodating ionisation material to be vaporised, and filament performing thermoelectron discharge for hot vapourisation and arc discharge of ionised material. The device is equipped with permament magnets around the arc chamber to make cusp field in the arc discharge chamber and the oven is arranged in the cusp field in the arc discharge chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The oven and the ionised material are directly heated by the filament, in addn. the power by the arc discharge concentrates on the oven in cusp part, which improve heating efficiency and increases steam flow from the oven. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The solid electrolyte is obtd. by blending (A) and (B). (A) 100 wt.pts. of (a) and (b), (a) 80-99 wt.% of epichlorohydrin homopolymer rubber, epichlorohydrin-ethyleneoxide copolymer rubber1) or a blend, contg. (b) 1-20 wt.% of (oxyethylene)glycol having an average number mol. wt. of 5,000 or less or lower alkylether(2) with (B) 0.5-20 wt.pts. of alkali metal salt.    (A) (a) is pref. (1) epichlorohydrin-ethyleneoxide copolymer contg. 90 mol.% or less of ethylene oxide due to the flexibility of the polymer, (b) (2) 1-8C alkyl, poly(oxyethylene)-glycol monomethylether, dimethylether, propylether, butyl ether. In (B) (3) is pref. Li, Na perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethanesulphonate, toluenesulphonate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in mfg. for battery, capacitors, sensors, etc.. @(4pp DWg.No.0/0)
In a Li ion conductive polymer electrolyte contg. Li salt (1) and organic polymer, the improvement characterised by that said organic polymer is a crosslinked polymer having a crystallinity of 20% or less obtained by crosslinking (2) glycerin ether of polyethyleneoxide shown by the formula (1) where n = 10-50. Pref. the cpd. (1) is crosslinked to a polymer having crystallinity of 20% or less using the same mol. of crosslinking catalyst such as diisocyanate and the like.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte of electrochromics display, Li ion concentration sensor, Li ion separating membrane; showing solid state at room temp. showing good ion conductivity. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
(JP2230668-A)      The lithium cell has electrolyte comprising block-graft copolymer with lithium ion salt. The block-graft copolymer consists of the block chain (A) of at least one polymer composed of repeating units of formula (I), (where R1 = H, methyl, or ethyl, R2 = H or methyl, R3 = alkyl, aryl, acyl, or silyl, m = 1-45, p = integer; numerical ave. mol. wt. of the graft chain of the formula (i) is 45-2000) and the block chain (B) of at least one polymer composed of repeating unit of formula (II) (where R4 = H, methyl or ethyl, M is phenyl or substd. phenyl, or the gp. -C(CH3)=CH2, -COOCH3, or -COOC2H5).    ADVANTAGE -   Charge-discharge characteristics and functional stability in ageing of the cell are improved.
The lithium cell has electrolyte comprising block-graft copolymer with lithium ion salt. The block-graft copolymer consists of the block chain (A) of at least one polymer composed of repeating units of formula (I), (where R1 = H, methyl, or ethyl, R2 = H or methyl, R3 = alkyl, aryl, acyl, or silyl, m = 1-45, p = integer; numerical ave. mol. wt. of the graft chain of the formula (i) is 45-2000) and the block chain (B) of at least one polymer composed of repeating unit of formula (II) (where R4 = H, methyl or ethyl, M is phenyl or substd. phenyl, or the gp. -C(CH3)=CH2, -COOCH3, or -COOC2H5).    ADVANTAGE -   Charge-discharge characteristics and functional stability in ageing of the cell are improved. @(8pp)@
Preparing a pulverant catalytic compsn. comprising a polymer of pyrrole or a copolymer of pyrrole and mixts. obtd. by treating a pyrrole or copolymerisable mixt. of a pyrrole comprises; (a) obtaining a pyrrole or a copolymerisable mixt. thereof; (b) introducing a perioxide; (c) reacting the mixt. produced for sufficient amt. of time to polymerise the pyrrole or copolymerisable mixt. (d) treating the polymer of copolymer in the presence of a strong base to substantially increase the surface area (pref. to at least 25 m2/g); (e) introducing to the high surface area polymer or copolymer a catalytic active material thereby forming the catalytic compsn.    More specifically, the catalytic active material is a Friedel Crafts catalyst, an oxygen redn. catalyst or a transition metal, pref. selected from Fe(2+), FE(3+), Cu(2+) Cu(3+), Mn(2+), Ni, Os, Ru and Al and mixts. or from Br, I, BF3, SO3. The polymer or copolymer may be reprotonated, pref. with a non-oxidative acid, pref. a mineral acid selected from HCl, H2SO4, H3RO4 and mixts. or with quinone sulphonic acid or methan sulphonic acid. The strong base is selected from alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkoxides and amine bases.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Battery electrode, photocell corrosion protection, solid state device juction formation etc. These polymers or copolymers of pyrrole have high surface area and low conductivity. They are useful in forming catalysts.
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
The battery comprises collector, anode consisting of conductive high polymer film which is formed closely attaching on the collector, supporting electrolyte, and cathode. The anode comprises polymer film obtd. by chemical oxidn. and polymerization of the 3,4-position asymmetric pyrrole cpd. of formula (I) where R1 = H or methyl, R2 = H, 1-12C alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, and R3 = alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficiency and life of the battery are improved. Tensile strength of the polymer film of the pyrrole cpd. is at least 10 g/mm2. The anode has structure for stirring. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
An ion-conductive polymer electrolyte is claimed comprising: (A) org. polymer obtd. by crosslinking cpd. (I) having av. mol.wt. 1000-2000 and structure of formula (1) (Z= residue of cpd. having active H(s); Y = (a) H or (b)9 polymsn.-reactive functl. gp.; m = 1-250; n = 0-25; k = 1-12; and R = 1-20C alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl); and (B) sol. electrolyte salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Amorphous, stable, easy-to-handle ion-conductive polymer electrolyte with excellent ion conductivity, opt. crosslinkable without using crosslinking agent, is useful for battery and electrochromic applications.
Organic electrolyte cell comprises: (a) positive electrode and/or negative electrode made of mould powders which is heat treated material of an aromatic condensation polymer and also 1500 sq.m/g specific surface by BET method of insol/unfusible material contg. C, H and O, having 0.1-5.0 microns average particle size, and 0.5-0.05 of a hydrocarbon of polyacetylene structure, and (b) an electrolyte of non-proton organic solvent soln. of a cpd. which is producible ion which allows doping of the electrode by electrolyte.    Pref. 10/25/4 wt. ratio mixt of water soluble resol/zinc-chloride/water is cast in 100 by 100 by 2 mm mould, cured for 1 hour at 100 deg.C, heat treated at 500 deg.C, washed, dried to form insol/unfusible material, pulverised to 2.0 microns of average dia. size by Nylon ball mill etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic cell has miniature size is thin, has light wt., high capacity, high power and long life. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Organic electrolyte cell comprises: (a) positive electrode and/or negative electrode made of mould powders which is heat treated material of an aromatic condensation polymer and also 1500 sq.m/g specific surface by BET method of insol/unfusible material contg. C, H and O, having 0.1-5.0 microns average particle size, and 0.5-0.05 of a hydrocarbon of polyacetylene structure, and (b) an electrolyte of non-proton organic solvent soln. of a cpd. which is producible ion which allows doping of the electrode by electrolyte.    Pref. 10/25/4 wt. ratio mixt of water soluble resol/zinc-chloride/water is cast in 100 by 100 by 2 mm mould, cured for 1 hour at 100 deg.C, heat treated at 500 deg.C, washed, dried to form insol/unfusible material, pulverised to 2.0 microns of average dia. size by Nylon ball mill etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic cell has miniature size is thin, has light wt., high capacity, high power and long life. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Organic electrolyte cell comprises: (a) positive electrode and/or negative electrode made of mould powders which is heat treated material of an aromatic condensation polymer and also 1500 sq.m/g specific surface by BET method of insol/unfusible material contg. C, H and O, having 0.1-5.0 microns average particle size, and 0.5-0.05 of a hydrocarbon of polyacetylene structure, and (b) an electrolyte of non-proton organic solvent soln. of a cpd. which is producible ion which allows doping of the electrode by electrolyte.    Pref. 10/25/4 wt. ratio mixt of water soluble resol/zinc-chloride/water is cast in 100 by 100 by 2 mm mould, cured for 1 hour at 100 deg.C, heat treated at 500 deg.C, washed, dried to form insol/unfusible material, pulverised to 2.0 microns of average dia. size by Nylon ball mill etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic cell has miniature size is thin, has light wt., high capacity, high power and long life. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Organic electrolyte cell comprises: (a) positive electrode and/or negative electrode made of mould powders which is heat treated material of an aromatic condensation polymer and also 1500 sq.m/g specific surface by BET method of insol/unfusible material contg. C, H and O, having 0.1-5.0 microns average particle size, and 0.5-0.05 of a hydrocarbon of polyacetylene structure, and (b) an electrolyte of non-proton organic solvent soln. of a cpd. which is producible ion which allows doping of the electrode by electrolyte.    Pref. 10/25/4 wt. ratio mixt of water soluble resol/zinc-chloride/water is cast in 100 by 100 by 2 mm mould, cured for 1 hour at 100 deg.C, heat treated at 500 deg.C, washed, dried to form insol/unfusible material, pulverised to 2.0 microns of average dia. size by Nylon ball mill etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic cell has miniature size is thin, has light wt., high capacity, high power and long life. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(JP2220359-A)      In the process nuclearing fluorine resin, agent for foaming and Freon as foaming agent are mulled in an extruder, and extruded to cover the wire. Pref screw surface or cylinder surface of the extruder is plated with Ni gp plating material, esp Ni-P of 20 micron thickness.    ADVANTAGE -   Appts allows stable long term prodn of the insulated wire because corrosion of screw or cylinder is prevented.
(JP2216761-A)      The tubular glass comprises a tubular glass substrate, and superconducting oxide thin film formed at least on the internal and/or external surface of the substrate. The transparent superconducting oxide thin film comprises a composite of In-oxide and Sn-oxide.    The tubular glass is made by applying a transparent superconducting oxide thin film forming liq. contg. the composite or the precursors, followed by drying and/or firing.    USE -   For instantaneous ignition fluorescent lamps.
The tubular glass comprises a tubular glass substrate, and superconducting oxide thin film formed at least on the internal and/or external surface of the substrate. The transparent superconducting oxide thin film comprises a composite of In-oxide and Sn-oxide.    The tubular glass is made by applying a transparent superconducting oxide thin film forming liq. contg. the composite or the precursors, followed by drying and/or firing.    USE -   For instantaneous ignition fluorescent lamps. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A rechargeable metal-air battery (10), which does not lose electrolyte during the charging cycle, comprises a metal anode (14), a porous anode separator (20) for retaining liq. electrolyte, which has two layers interconnected by at least one edge, and which sandwiches (20a,20b) the anode and wraps around it, an air cathode (22), and a liq. electrolyte completely entrained in the separator.    Also claimed is an anode for a metal-air battery as above comprising a gas-permeable metal anode layer combined with a continuous wrap of porous electrode separator around the anode, the separator being wettable by liq. electrolyte, and absorbent and oxidn. resistant under battery operating conditions. Further is a rechargeable battery as above comprising anode, porous separator, air cathode, cathode gel (24) sandwiched between cathode and anode, liq. electrolyte and a container (12) without a liq. electrolyte reservoir which encloses and resiliently presses the components together, with the bottom container wall being in contact with a layer of electrolyte separator (20b). Additionally claimed is a battery as above in which the anode comprises an electrically conductive mesh screen (16) substrate with Zn (18) powder, flakes, granules, capsules or fibre being packed in the mesh in a semi-permeable density. Also claimed is a battery as above in which the anode and anode separator each comprise many separate but interconnected sections.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A rechargeable Zn-air battery (claimed) which does not lose electrolyte during charging, or leak, and does not need a mechanical electrolyte pump is provided. The batteries are useful for consumer small-scale uses such as radios and portable computers and give high energy densities. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Polymeric electrolyte comprises polymeric cpd. having repeat unit, whose main chain is polysiloxane and at least one side chain contains ethylene oxide gp., and salt of metal ion belonging to Gp. Ia or IIa of periodic table, where at least one side chain of the polymeric cpd. is connected with the main chain by silicon-carbon covalent bond and the cpd. has at least two ethylene oxide gps. within the side chain.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymeric electrolyte is useful for prepg. antistatic agent for plastics, parts of battery, electrochemical device, etc. The electrolyte has high ionic conductivity even at low temp. range below room temp. and is chemically stable generating no deterioration during storage or by long term use. @(11pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Sealing material compsn. for cable, is mixt. of 100 wt. parts hydrophobic sealing basis material, 0.1-50 wt. parts water absorbing resin (A) and at least 0.1 wt. part cpd. (B) having general formula R2X-(-R1-X-)-n-R3 (1) where X=0 or N-R4, R1=alkylene group of 2-4C, R2,R3,R4=independently H or monovalent organic gp., and n=an 1-10,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is applied to optical cable, with high water swelling rate as it immediately stops aq. fluid penetrating the cable. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Electronic part is covered by a protection film of laminated plastic layer and heat sealable thermoplastic binder layer. The protection film is directly dused, and heat sealed. The part is sealed to satsify equations (I), (II) and (III), where d1(mm) = thick and t1= moisture permeability of the binder, d2(mm) = thick and t2 = moisture permeability of the film, w(mm) = width of sealed end.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is used in prodn. of solar cell etc. with extended effective surface and improved life.    In an example, indium oxide film of 100 Angstrom thickness for improved moisture proof and adhesion is coated on 200 microns thick PET film by sputtering (moisture permeability = 0.03 gr.mm/sq.m. day), 100 microns thick EVA copolymer resin film (moisture permeability = 0.03 gr.mm/sq.m.day) as protection layer is laminate on the oxide film face by extrusion. A solar cell made of amorphous Si is lapped by the protection film and sealed at the end as 1.5 mm width by hot roll of 150 deg.C to form solar cell module. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The wire has coating of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% ethylene and 35-65 mol% tetrafluoroethylene. M100 value of the coating at 320 deg. C is 1.5-27 kg/cm2, and tensile elongation of it is at least 50%.    Crosslinking agent of at least one of triallylisocyanurate and triallylcyanurate is added to the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% of ethylene and 35-65 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene before forming process or during forming process of the copolymer. Then the copolymer is crosslinked by irradiation.    ADVANTAGE -   Properties of the electric wire are improved. @(5pp)
The wire has coating of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% ethylene and 35-65 mol% tetrafluoroethylene. M100 value of the coating at 320 deg. C is 1.5-27 kg/cm2, and tensile elongation of it is at least 50%.    Crosslinking agent of at least one of triallylisocyanurate and triallylcyanurate is added to the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% of ethylene and 35-65 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene before forming process or during forming process of the copolymer. Then the copolymer is crosslinked by irradiation.    ADVANTAGE -   Properties of the electric wire are improved. @(5pp)
The wire has coating of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% ethylene and 35-65 mol% tetrafluoroethylene. M100 value of the coating at 320 deg. C is 1.5-27 kg/cm2, and tensile elongation of it is at least 50%.    Crosslinking agent of at least one of triallylisocyanurate and triallylcyanurate is added to the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% of ethylene and 35-65 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene before forming process or during forming process of the copolymer. Then the copolymer is crosslinked by irradiation.    ADVANTAGE -   Properties of the electric wire are improved. @(5pp)
A vent plug(1) permits the escape of gas from a lead accumulator through a cap(5), made of microporous hydrophobic plastic material which is stable against corrosion and is heat resistant, preferably from the group PE, PP and fluoro-carbon. The pores should be betw-een 10 and 125 micron in a statistical distribution with an average of 40 micron. The porosity should amount to 40%. The body(6) of the plug can be made of the same plastic as the cell of the accumulator and is sealed by an O-rings(4).    ADVANTAGE -   This vent plug is a hermetic seal for electrolyte moisture but remains gas permeable for long periods.@(4pp Dwg.No.1/1 -)@
A solar heating installation uses absorber mats(2) as sealing elements and the areas not covered by them are joined to them by a sealing strip(3). Their joints are welded together (12) e.g. by vulcanization, bonding or solvent induced press fitting. Both the absorber mats (2) and the strips(3) are made of ethylene-propylene rubber(EPDM). The channels(13) are for the passage of water; a coupling profile(6) joins the edges(5) of two mats together; a seal-ing strip (7) supports such a joint. A polyester mat can be added to the under side of the mats.    ADVANTAGE -   This results in a more efficient solar heating for a lesser expenditure of material and cost.@(7pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A flat solar collector for water heating consists of a frame(1) of metal, wood or plastic material with four grooves(11) at the corners in which transparent foils(4) are slung around a solid rubber core(6) with a soft rubber sheath(5) and welded outside. The absorber is a polypropylene plate(2), attached to a gas-filled tube (9). The components in contact with water are made of sea water resistant plastics such as PP. ethylene-tetra-fluoro-ethylene or poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene.    ADVANTAGE -   This prestresses the foil covering(so that they cannot be destroyed by flutter) and compensates for temperature differenc-es of over 100 deg.C without destruction of the foils. @(3pp Dwg.No.1-4/4)@
The entire solid Li cell comprises anode active substance, and cathode active substance, and solid electrolyte of oligoethylene oxypolyphosphazene, or its mixture, having allyl group, in which the segments of the following formulae are arbitrarily arranged, and in which lithium salt is dissolved. R=methyl, ethyl, propyl, or mixture of them, h and k= real number of 0-15 respectively, average repeating number of ethylene oxy unit, 1+m+n=3-200000, 1 and m=0 or positive integer, n=positive integer.    Pref. the anode active substance comprises MnO2, LiMn2O4, or (Li2O)x.(MnO2)1-x where x is 0-0.6, and cathode active substance comprises lithium or its alloy.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The entire solid lithium cell is used where high energy density cell is required. There is no leakage of liq. No danger of catching fire. Charge-discharge loss is reduced. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
A all solid-state secondary Li battery comprises a positive electrode active material (1), a negative electrode active material (3) and an electrolyte (2). (1) is a layered oxide of formula (I) (V205)x (A)y zH20 (I) where x + y = l, y = 0.03 - 0.5, z = 0.1 - 1.6; A is Ge02, Si02, B203, Mo03, W03, Nb205, Te02, Bi203, Cr306 or Zr02. (3) is Li or an Li alloy. (2) is a cpd of formula ((N=P(E)2).(LiX)a)b. where (N=p(E)2) is an oligoethyleneoxy polyphosphazene cpd having sulphone gps (4). (4) contain segments represented by formule (II), (III), (IV) where X is an anion; M is a metal of gp I or II or the periodic table; R and R' are independently CH3-, C2H5- or C3H7-; h and k are the mean repeat numbers of the ethyleneoxy unit; h = 0 to 15, k = 0 to 22.5 a represents the ratio (LiX)/(N=P(E)2) and is 0.001-4. l, m, n are independently 0 or positive integers and satisfy the relations b = l + m + n is 3 to 200000, l + n is not 0.    ADVANTAGE -   Having a high energy density. @(37pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
A secondary Li battery comprises a positive electrode active material (1), a negative electrode active material (3) and an electrolyte (2). (1) is a layered V205. (3) is a substance which can occlude and release Li ions. (2) is a polymer represented by formula (I) contg dissolved Li salt where m is the repeat number of the ethylene oxy gp unit; its value lies between 5 and 25 (pref 7); n is a mean repeat number and n = 3 to 200000 (3) can be Li, an alloy of Li and Al, of Li and Hg, of Li and Pb, of Li and Sn, a wood alloy, etc. It is pref Li. If (3) is Li, the dislcosed Li salt is LiC104 or CF3S03NaLi. The layered V205 is prepd by cooling molte V205 quickly, dissolving it in water and drying it, thus forming an amorphous V205. The Vs025 V205 can be made into a powder by spray drying, into a thin film by spin coating etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Both of the electrode materials have a high energy density. The electrolyte is flame-retardant, nonflowable and safe. It can retain these characteristics even at temp below 0 deg C.
An all-solid state battery comprises a solid electrolyte represented by (I) x a positive electrode active material, and a negative electrode active material. In (G) A is a single ionic polymer which contains an oligoethylene oxypolyphosphazene cpd (1) or an oligo alkylene oxypolyphosphazene cpd (2) or both. A can also be a mixt of these types of ionic polymers. (1) has sulphonic gps represented by formule (I), (II), (III), or (IV). Where R = CH3, C2H5 or C3H7; R' = H or CH3; h and k or h' and k' are the repeat numbers of the ethylene oxy unit and satisfy the conditions; h = 0-20. k = 0-20, h' = 0-20, k' = 0-20; l, n, l', n' are 0 or an integer and satisfy the relations: 3 = l + n + l' + n' is up to 200000. (2) has a fluoroalkyl sulphonic gp. u is the ratio (A)/(N=P(Z)2).(MX)v)w and satisfies the condition a = 0-5; Z is Y-(0CH2CH2)y-0-(where Y =CH3, C2H5, C3H7 , l=y=30); M is a metal of gp I or II of the periodic table, a transition metal of gps III-VIII, or a Lanthanmide. X is CF3S03-, C104-, BF4-, AsF6-, PF6- or a mixt of these; v is the ratio, (N=P(Z)2)/(MX); v = 0.001-5; w = 3-20000.)    ADVANTAGE -   The battery is light wt and small. It has a large charge and discharge capacity. It has excellent general properties.
A photovoltaic module (10) comprising a substrate (12) and are more exposed photovoltaic cells (13), to encapsulated by a barrel coating (34) comprising the reaction mixture of a two-component fluorinated polyurethane and 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxy silane.    The mixture of polyurethane and silane is sprayed on the exposed surface of the photovolatonic module (10) in one or more layers and is dried at 50-90 deg.C then cured at 90-130 deg.C. The barrel coating compsn. contains 1.0-2.0 wt. % of the silane. It is applied from solvent, e.g. methyl ethyl ketone. The photovolatonic module (10) includes an isolation silane (22) 5-8 mols wide located around the perimeter of the exposed surface (of 13).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The barrel coating (34) has improved corrosion resistance, esp. in outdoor conditions.
Solar roofing element (10) is a curved injection moulded, plastic panel having a liquid passage therethrough. The panel has a tapered barrel shape having a smaller end and a larger end. Connection is made between adjacent elements (10) and a solar heating system by complementary male and female connectors (30,32) in the ends. The plastic can be PVC and can have holes (50,52) for roofing nails.    The element can have a polyurethane foam insulation layer.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be used directly as tiling or shingle on roofs. @(6pp DWg.No.3B/4)@
The device comprises an upper plate, a movable plate having a lower die on the upper surface, and a lower plate where a drive means connected with a drive motor for the movable plate is provided. An end of a transmission shaft connected with the drive motor is protruded to make it possible to transmit torque manually.    USE -   The capacity of the drive motor can be the minimum. Cost is reduced. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Cpd. superconductor is made by melting an oxide superconductor or a mixt. capable of becoming oxide superconductor by heating, applying the melt on a matrix having Pt or Pt-alloy layer at least on the surface, or applying the oxide superconductor or the mixt. on the Pt or Pt-alloy layer of the matrix, and melting the oxide superconductor or the mixt., followed by crystallising the melt to form oxide superconductors.    USE -   For obtg. cpd. superconductor cemented tenaciously the matrix and oxide superconductor layer through intermediate layer. @(6pp Dwg.No.4/4)@
The cathode material comprises an electrolyte and a zinc alloy powder with an additive of formula (I) where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, (I) is added in amt. 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for Cu alkaline cell. Generation of hydrogen gas is suppressed at low Hg content of up to 0.2 wt%. Cell capability is improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
A long-life electrical energy source comprises a light emitting polymer material (12) which comprises an organic polymer contg. a beta particle emitting radioisotope selected from 3H, 10Be, 14C, 32S; and 32P which is optically coupled to the light collecting surface of a photovoltaic cell (14,16).    Max. absorption of the emitted light is achieved by: (i) ensuring intimate contact between the light emitting and receiving surfaces (ii) by matching the max. absorption frequency bandwidth of the cell with the emitted light energy and by (iii) the structural arrangement of the light emitting polymer material itself.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   These devices supply a constant and deforminable energy source and can be used as a source of electrical energy for CMOS,. NMOS and other low power types of electronic circuity. The source is not drained if subjected to a short circuit and the device can operate in a cryogenic environment since the conversion of photons by a photovoltaic cell is positively affected by low temps. unlike chemical batteries. @(24pp Dwg.No.1/10)@
A primary rechargeable electrical storage device comprises a housing with at least one cell position, each cell(10) comprising an anode (20), a separator(24) surrounding the anode (22) a cathode (16) and an electrolyte associated with the cathode (16). The anode(20) consists of an alkali metal (22) or alkaline earth metal as an alloy or enrectic mixture thereof. The separator (24) is capable of transporting or passing ionic species and electrically isolating the anode (20). The electrolyte comprises a membrane of a non-porous solid polymer containing a sulphonic acid group.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell (10) has low impedance and can be used in the temp. range 150-250 degC.
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The collector comprises a 60-140 degs. C generator made as glass fibre reinforced polyester chambers lined internally with bright Al. Nine Cu pipes enclosed in glass in an Al casing with a top transparent glass cover are also provided.    The sealed assembly is located on an inclinable base, to optimise operation, with a chronometer controlling the slope angle.    ADVANTAGE -   The design has a timer varying its slope. @(1pp Dwg.No.0/1)
A phosphoric acid fuel cell, rendered corrosion resistant by a coating of Cr-fluorocarbon composite, comprises an H2-oxidn. anode and O2-reduction cathode which are externally electrically connected and contact an H3PO4 electrolyte impregnated in a matrix, and corrosion-prone ducts for supplying an H2-rich gas, O2, and removing prod. water from the cathode. The ducts are coated with a Cr-fluorocarbon composite, comprising a layer of pore (16)-contg. Cr (10) plated onto duct surfaces (14) and a perfluoroalkoxy polymer (18) filling the pores (16), which protects the ducts from the H3PO4 and adheres well to the surface. Also claimed is a method of generating electricity in a corrosion-resistant fuel cell as above, with the H2 being oxidised at the anode to give H+, which flows to the cathode, and electrons into the external circuit, and the O2 being reduced at the cathode. The fuel cell is subject to thermally induced duct expansion and contraction cycles when reactant supply is periodically terminated, and the coating protects the ducts from corrosion during such cycles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A corrosion-resistant phosphoric acid fuel cell and method of generating electricity with this cell (claimed) are provided. Duct corrosion caused by the acid is prevented, even during thermal expansion and contraction cycles, and fuel cell reliability is increased. Also cheaper materials may be used for the ducts and manifolds. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Cpds. of formula (I) are new: (N=P(Z)2) is a sulphonic acid gp. contg. oligoethyleneoxypolyphosphoazine(s) formed by optional combination of segments (II), (III) or (IV): wherein R, R' = methyl-, ethyl- or propyl-gp.; h, k = real number(s) defined by h = 0-15, k = 0-22.5, m.n = zero or positive integer(s) and M is cation(s) of element(s) selected from l+m+n = 3-20000 Gp.I, Gp.II, transition metals and lanthanoids or onium ion(s); a is real number(s) of 0.001-4, b is positive integer(s) of 3-20000.    (I) is prepd. by addn. of MX to (N=P(Z)2)b(V)(J88162724): for example, MX/tetrahydrofuran soln. is added to (V)/tetrahydrofuran soln. (molar ratio of (V)/MX = 0.001-0.4), tetrahydrofuran is evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) is useful as electrolyte for electrochemical cell: Tg of (I) is minus 80 deg.C-plus 30 deg.C, and transport number of lithium cation in (I) is above 0.5, (I) is superior electrolyte to former electrolytes. @(10pp Dwg.No.4/5)@
Wire has coating layer contg. 100 pts. wt. of nylon 4, 6 and 0.5-10.0 pts. wt. montan wax formed on a conductor via an insulating layer.    ADVANTAGE -   Enabled wire with high softening temp. is obtd. Pref. the nylon resin has a m.pt. The wax is Hechsl Wax OP and P' (PTM's) The insulating layer is polyester, polyurethane, polyimide, polyesterimide, polyamideimide, or polyvinylformal. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Reactive double bond-contg. polyethers have the structure that at least one hydrogen of OH gp. of polyethers contg. at least one OH gp. has been substd. by a gp. selected form allyl, crotyl, cinnamyl and methallyl gps.    Pref. OH gp.-contg. polyethers comprise polyethylene oxide structure, polypropylene oxide structure, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer structure, partic. random copolymer structure comprising at least 70 mole % of ethylene oxide unit and residual amt. of propylene oxide unit. Substitution of H of OH gp. of OH gp.-contg. polyethers by the functional gps. is performed by reacting alkali metal alcoholates of the polyethers iwth halides of the functional gps. The polyethers contg. at least 2 reactive double bonds provide crosslinked prods. having high mechanical strength.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polyethers are used for prepn. of paint, adhesive and high mol. solid electrolytes for prim. and sec. batteries and electrochromic display. The polyethers have electrochemical stability and excellent productivity.
Non-aq. electrochemical cell comprises an alkali metal anode, a glass fibre separator, a liq. cathode-electrolyte and a porous carbonaceous cathode collector, the liq. cathode electrolyte contg. 0.01-30 wt.% PET.    Mfr. of the cell is claimed.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell has a min. a voltage delay even at high ambient temp. or on prolonged storage. It has sufficient mechanical strength and can be made with high reproducibility and at low cost. @(10pp DWg.No.1/1)@
A particulate semiconductor device (100), esp. a low cost solar cell, comprises a substrate (1), on which is a barrier layer (7) followed by a metal layer (4), a layer of particles (2), with an alloy of the metal and particles between the substrate and the particle layer, and a further layer (9) on the particle layer.    Also claimed is a device without a barrier layer and with each particle including a core and a pre-diffused layer around the core so that the metal layer forms an ohmic contact with the cores and a rectifying contact with the pre-diffused layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A particulate semiconductor device (claimed) esp. useful for low cost solar cells of crystalline Si is provided. Schottky devices have sharp diode IV-characteristics, low leakage current and reverse breakdown voltages of above 5V. The pre-diffused particles embodiment gives efficient red-enhanced solar cells. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
A solar cell of a photoelectric transducer is formed on a plasma treated surface of a colourless transparent polyimide substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar cell has improved photoelectric efficiency, less photo deterioration of the alpha-silicon layer and can be produced stably.    In an example, polyamide acid soln. was prepared by reaction of 0.2 mol. of aromatic diamine and tetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride in N,N-dimethyl acetamide at a 30% concn. for 30 hours at room temp., the soln. was cast on a substrate, dried at 100 deg.C, heated at 300 deg.C. to form a 30 microns thick transparent polyimide film substrate. The film was irradiated with plasma for 60 minutes at 300 W in an N2 atmosphere (yellow index of 12.5, total transparency 87.5%). A 500 Angstrom thick ITO conductive film was formed on the substrate by vapour deposition in a glow discharge (13.56 MHz) apparatus. A mixt. of 10 mol.% silane diluted by hydrogen and 5,00 ppm diborane diluted by hydrogen are introduced at 250 deg.C. A 150 Angstrom thick boron doped p-type alpha Si layer is formed on the plasma treated substrate by irradiating 10 W of high frequency power. A 5,000 Angstrom thick non-doped alpha Si layer is formed on it using diluted silane and a 500 Angstrom thick P doped n-type alpha Si layer formed with phosphine mixed diluted silane to form the transducer. The device is laminated with a 0.1 micron Al conductive film. A 50 micron thick epoxy resin is coated on it as a protection layer to form a solar cell. The cell has 4.9% efficiency and improved adherence.
An electrolytic cell A) contains as known a light metal, pref. Li, anode and a porous C or metal cathode and B) contains as electrolyte a) a known non-aq. inorganic solvent and b) as depolariser 0.01-10, pref. 0.1-3 wt.% protic acid, pref. HCl, HBr, HI, HBF4, HSO3Cl, HNO3 and/or H2SO4. The electrolyte pref. also contains 0.01-10 wt.% polymer, esp. polymethyl methacrylate, CN-acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVC, polyethene, polypropene, polyester, a silicone polymer, polypyrrolee, polyurethane, polythiophene, polyaniline or a copolymer of their monomers. The electrolyte also contains 0.01-5 wt.% (hydrolysis products of) water and 0.1-10 wt.% SO2.    ADVANTAGE -   A drop in potential or a delayed potential rise at the start of the current load, esp. during commissioning, is avoided, esp. at high temp. including high storage temp. and prolonged storage times. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Laminated glass structure comprises: a glass sheet bonded to a plastic layer via a single or multi-layered film, the film which contacts the plastic layer having an energy gap of 4eV or more. The film pref. includes a transparent conductive film, pref. of dielectric-metal-dielectric structure, esp. ZnO-Ag-ZnO or SnO2-Ag-SnO2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as a solar-reflecting window for automobiles, aircraft, buildings, defogger, solar cell, etc. Window avoids the problem of increasing turbidity over time. @(37pp DWg.No 2/4)
Film solar cell comprises a colourless and transparent substrate of polyimide film, a photoelectric converter element attached to one surface of substrate film and a light transmitting F-contg. resin layer having a thickness = 5-300 microns and attached to another surface of substrate film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is projected light from the substrate side to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and to reduce the optical degradation in the alpha-Si layer. The F-contg. resin layer protects the polyimide layer to enhance the reliability of cell against humidity. It is used as a built-in cell for an electronic computer or water, an external cell for radio or television or battery charger for preventing the discharge of battery. @(8pp Dwg.No.1,3/3)@
Claimed is a process which comprises moulding a sheet electrode from a mixt. comprising a powder of a H-occluding alloy and a resin, and subjecting the sheet to ageing. Also claimed is a cell which comprises the sheet electrode above as the negative electrode.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides a compact sec. cell of high capacity as an alternative to the conventional Pb-batteries and NiCd batteries, which was made possible by avoiding pulverisation of the H occluding alloy ascribed to repeated charging-discharging.    @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The alkali cell using Zn negative electrode has a fluorine contg. silane group cpd. added to Zn alloy powders contg. at least one of Pb, In, Bi, Ga or A1.    ADVANTAGE -   The alkalii cell has enough corrosion resistance when amalgamation rate of Zn for gel type Zn negative electrode is up to 1.0 wt.%. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The alkali cell using Zn negative electrode has a fluorine contg. silane group cpd. added to Zn alloy powders contg. at least one of Pb, In, Bi, Ga or A1.    ADVANTAGE -   The alkalii cell has enough corrosion resistance when amalgamation rate of Zn for gel type Zn negative electrode is up to 1.0 wt.%. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The surface is coated with an acrylic resin compsn. contg. an acrylic acid-adduct of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin of epoxy equiv. 350-1400, an acryl oligomer with dipentaerythritol hexacrylate, and a hardener. The dipentaerythritol hexacrylate is contained in an amt. of 10-50 wt% on the basis of the wt. of the acrylic resin compsn. exlcuding the hardener.    The pref. proportion of the bisphenol-A type epoxy resin to the acrylic acid is A/B = 1/0.9-1/1, where A is the epoxy gp. of the epoxy resin and B is the acid gp. of the acrylic acid. the acryl oligomer contg. dipentaerythritol hexacrylate includes phenoxyacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl(metha) acrylate, etc., and the hardener used includes benzyldimethylketal, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propane-1-on, etc. The pref. amt. of the UV-type hardener is 2-15 pts. wt. to 100 pts. wt. of the acrylic resin compsn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as light-receiving elements for photodiodes, photo transistors, etc. Excellent solvent resistance and appearance. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
A fluoroalkyl sulphonic acid of formula ROCH2CH2CFHCF2SO3M (where m = H, alkali metal of an onium gp., R = (CH2CH2O)nR', (CH2CH(CH3)O)nR' or (CH(CH3)CH2O)nR', R' = H, CH3, C2H5 or C3H7 and n = a mean repeating number of oligoethyleneoxy or oligopropyleneoxy chains and n = 0-10).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The invention provides new fluoroalkylsulphonic acids with a high electric conductivity and a high cation transport number useful as supporting salts for electrolytes for batteries, electrolytes for electrochromic displays and as intermediates for surfactants, drugs and agricultural chemicals and batteries using the electrolytes. @(10pp Dwg.No.0/0)
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
Mfr. of binder for lead storage battery glass mat is characterised in that the following are mixed and emulsion polymerised.    (a) an aq. dispersion obtd. by mixing (i) a thermocrosslinking monomer and (ii) an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester, and emulsion polymerising; and (b) a monomer mixt. of polymerisable unsatd. carboxylic acid (iii) and the alkyl methacrylate esters.    ADVANTAGE -   The binder exhibits sufficient mechanical strength even though the quantity adhering (to the glass mat) is small, and which does not decrease in its binder properties over time. @(11pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
A cylindrical or columnar compact composed of a powder magnet material (1) is provided in a stainless steel or molybdenum peripheral regulating guide jig (2). The compact is sintered. The jig is a funnel shape with a side angle of 10-25 degrees.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cylindrical or columnar compact drops into the jig while the compact is contracting in the narrowing lined portion of the funnel shaped jig at the time of sintering, providing uniform contraction. The result provides the magnet with improved roundness, reducing machining area. The reduced machining area requires less raw materials and decreased machining time. The method produces the magnet at a low cost. The resulting sintered body has stable dimensions and shape. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
@(4pp)@
@(4pp)@
A novel multilayer material has a thin, transparent, electrically conductive, anodisable metal layer, which is applied onto at least one surface of a support and which is covered with a thin transparent oxide film of the metal, the oxide film surface having distributed fine pores which are closed to the metal layer. The material is produced by subjecting a support, coated with an anodisable metal layer of at least 5nm. thickness, to anodisation at 0.5-100V, anodising being terminated before the metal is fully oxidised.    USE -   The multilayer material is used as an optical information recording material (claimed), an electrode (esp. a transparent electrode for displays), a window or for solar cells. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The alkali battery contains zinc alloy powder and the electrolyte. A cpd. of formula (I) and/or (II), 0.001 - 1.0 wt. part, is added to or coated on the zinc alloy powder, 100 wt. part, to form a negative material. CnF2n+1-(CH2)x-O-(CH2CH2O)y-C(O)-R (I) Cn'F2n'+1-(CH2)x'-O-(CH2 C(CH3)HO)y'-C(O)R' (II) where n, n', x, x', y and y' = at least 1; R, and R' = same or different at atomic gp. removed one H from aliphatic hydrocarbon.    The zinc alloy powder pref. includes at least one of lead, aluminium, indium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, tin, gallium, nickel, or silver.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The negative active material is used for an alkali battery. Adding the cpd. of formula (I) and/or (II) to the zinc alloy powder dramatically reduces the generation of hydrogen gas even if silver content to the zinc alloy powder is reduced to up to 0.2 wt.% and improves battery performance. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Carbon fibre felt for electrical conductive material in cell comprises having bulk density of 4 cm3/g. and degree of conductance of under 2 ohm.cm. The ratio of compressive recovery of carbon fibre felt is over 90%. The carbon fibre felt for electrical conductive material in cell is produced by flame resistant felt having bulk density of 3 cm3/g.-10 cm3/g. as raw material. The raw material fibre forming precursor of carbon fibre is e.g. PAN fibre, cellulose fibre and pitch fibre. The precursor is made fire resistant by heat treating raw material fibre bundle in the oxidative atmos. at 150-400 deg.C. The flame resistant fibre felt is obtd. by needle punch method using flame resistant fibre.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The felt for conductive material in cell is useful for conductive material for cell having excellent bulk and high electric conductivity. @(2pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A new totally solid secondary cell comprises an oxide (o) as a positive electrode active material (1), Li or a Li alloy as a negative electrode active material (2) and at least one of (a), (b) and (c), defined below, as electrolyte. The oxide (o) has a laminated film structure and is represented by the following general formula: (V2O5)X(A)y2H2O where x+y = 1; y=0-0.5; z=0.1-1.6; A is one or more of the oxides GeO2, SiO2, B2O3, MoO3, WO3, Nb2O5, TeO2, Bi2O3, Cr3O8/ZrO2. (a) is an olegoalkyleneoxylpolyphosphazene polymer, which has fluoroalkylsulphonic groups having arbitrarily arranged segments represented by (I)-(III). where R is H or CH3; R1 is CH3, C2H5 or C3H7; h and k are real numbers denoting the average repeat number of alkyleneoxy units and h=0-18C and k=0-20 1, m and n are integers which satisfy the following conditions 1+m+n=3-2000000 and 1+n is not equal to = (b) is a complex of olegoalkyleneoxypolyphosphazene and its lithium slats which have arbitrarily arranged segments represented by general formulae (IV)-(VI) where R=H or CH3; R2 = CH3, C2H5, C3H7 or their mixtures; i and j are real numbers representing the repeat number of alkyleneoxy units and i = 0-15 and j = 0-15 p, q and y are zero or positive integers satifying the following eqs. p + q tr = 3-300000 and r is not equal to O. (c) is a polymer, represented by general formula (VIII, in which are mixed its molten lithium salts where R = H or CH3; u is a real number between 1 and 20 representing the average repeat number of alkyleneoxy units and v is a real number between 3 and 200000.    ADVANTAGE -   can be used over a wide temperature range.
Polymer electrolyte compsn. comprises, (1) polyalkyleneglycol modified poly(L-glutamate) of formula (I): (2) inorganic ionic salt, (3) polyalkyleneglycol of formula RO(CH2CHRO)n-R (II) or deriv. (where R = H atom, or lower alkyl radical and n= 3-30).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte for prim. cell, sec. cell, electrochromics display element etc. excellent ion conductivity, good processability and mechanical strength. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Battery has (a) alkali metal cathode, (b) porous mould anode (mainly consisting of carbon), (c) an electrodes separator, and (d) an electrolytic soln. using sulphur oxy halide (which is the anode active substance) as the electrolyte solvent, where a condensation aromatic cpd. is supported on the separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   'Electric voltage delay' (the drop of the electric voltage at the beginning of the discharge) seen after battery is kept at a high temp. or for long time, can be prevented. @(8pp Dwg.no.1/2)@
Battery has (a) alkali metal cathode, (b) porous mould anode (mainly consisting of carbon), (c) an electrodes separator, and (d) an electrolytic soln. using sulphur oxy halide (which is the anode active substance) as the electrolyte solvent, where a condensation aromatic cpd. is supported on the separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   'Electric voltage delay' (the drop of the electric voltage at the beginning of the discharge) seen after battery is kept at a high temp. or for long time, can be prevented. @(8pp Dwg.no.1/2)@
Solid state laminar cell is mfd. by: coating a cathode compsn. layer onto a current collector; rolling to provide a smooth, continuous surface on the cathode compsn.; coating an ion-conductive polymerisable electrolyte onto the cathode layer; (partially) curing; and adding a laminar anode layer. The cathode compsn. contains: an active material, conductive filler, an alkali metal salt, an inert solvent for the salt, and a polymerisable material.    ADVANTAGE -   Rolling step produces good contact between the cathode and its collector and the electrolyte to reduce impedance and enhance cell efficiency. @(10pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Alkali cell having a Zn alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyglycerol fatty acid ester which is added to 100 wt.pts. of Zn alloy. Opt. a negative electrode activator (NEA) for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyglycerol fatty acid ester which is coated on surface of Zn alloy powders of 100 wt.pts.    Pref. high purity Zn alloy is amalgamated to compsn. (contg. 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In, 0.1 wt.% Hg), the powders is mixed with toluene of which hexaglycerolester stearate is dissolved, toluene is vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated Zn alloy powders as NEA. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% KOH aq. soln., 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali Mn cell is mfd. with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of NEA and electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of MnO2 and conductor).    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained in even fairly lower Hg content of Zn alloy powders as up to 0.2 wt.%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Solar water heating system has collector (30), fluid distribution manifold (10), fluid pump (12), drain back tank (40) and a heat exchanger (68). The fluid distribution manifold is angled to the horizontal and has a valve separating a heated fluid conduit connecting the collector and drain back tank from a heat extracted conduit connecting the collector and heat exchanger.    The valve can be a check valve such as a floating ball valve. Pref. the collector (30) has an EPDM rubber mat with a number of lengthwise liquid passages.    ADVANTAGE -   The valve seals the manifold during fluid feed and allows air to pass during non-active periods providing freeze protection.
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional).
Alkali cell comprises Zn alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material comprising 0.001-1.0 pts. wt. diethanol amide fatty acid added to 100 pts. wt. Zn alloy.    Opt. a negative activator for the alkali cell comprising 0.001-1.0 pts. wt. diethanol amide fatty acid is coated on the surface of 100 pts. wt.. Zn powders.    ADVANTAGE -   H2 generation of the cell is reduced in a low Hg content of Zn alloy powders of up to 0.2 wt.%.    In an example, high purity Zn alloy is amalgamated to a compsn. contg. 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg. The powder is mixed with toluene in which diethanol lauric acid is dissolved. Toluene is vaporised off to form diethanol lauric acid coated amalgamated Zn alloy powders as the negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing Zn oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali Mn cell is mfd. with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g negative electrode activator and 1.8 g electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of MnO2 and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage shows 123 hrs. and H2 gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C is 0.28. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Low refractive index film is formed on a light accepting face. The low reflactive index material is formed from polymer having fluorine-contg. aliphatic ring structure. Glass or transparent plastic is used as a supporting substrate. The supporting substrate has a photoelectric transfer section. The photoselectric transfer section is exposed.    Pref. the polymer having fluorine-contg. aliphatic ring structure comprises e.g. polymer ring structure (I). Where l = 0-5; m = 0-4; n = 0-1; l+m+n = 1-6; R = F or CF3.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Applying the low refractive index material on the transparent substrate, transparent electrodes, and photoelectric transfer section reduces the reflection loss and increases conversion efficiency. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A solid state laminar electrochemical cell comprises (i) an alkali metal anode layer (I); (ii) a solid ionically conducting electrolyte layer (II); and (iii) a cathode/current collector layer (III), such that (II) is interposed between (I) and (III). (III) comprises (a) an electrically conductive substrate having surface voids; and (b) a radiation-cured composite cathode compsn. which comprises (i) an intercalation cpd.; (ii) an electrically conductive filler, and (iii) a radiation-cured ionically conductive electrolyte. (IIIb) is coated and radiation-cured onto the surface of (IIIa) facing the electrolyte layer (II), and is maintained in the voids of the surface.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The solid state electrochemical cell is capable of maintaining a low level of cell impedance and has improved rechargability. There is tightly adherent contact between cathode and cathode current collector of the cell.
A high power solid state electrochemical laminar single cell (10) comprises in sequence an alkali metal anode (18) a solid, ionically conducting electrolyte (16), a composite cathode (14) and a current collector (12) and generates at least 50m A/cm2 at room temp. Also claimed is a process for the above comprising coating a cathode compsn. comprising active cathode material, conductive filler and polymerisable electrode compsn. onto a current collector, curing the compsns. and applying the anode onto the electrolyte.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A solid state, alkali metal anode cell (claimed) capable of discharging current at 3-10 times previous rates is provided. Min. impedance is maintained in and between the layers, the cell may be used over a wide temp. range and is rechargeable. @(10pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
(JP2119066-A)      The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)
The paint comprises a . of a main component comprising at least one oxide opt. carbide of a metal of atomic number 24-29 and a subcomponent comprising a component contg. a carbide of a metal of group IV of the periodic table with a binder, liquefied with a volatile solvent.    The binder pref. contains pigment which comprises polyamide and polyester. The material contains the above components as the paint together with other powdery building materials or interior materials. The subcomponent contains aluminium. The powdery building material is e.g. cement and the interior material used is plaster, wall sand and artificial wall material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Since the material has a good selective absorbtion power of solar energy and an insulating property, it is useful as a warming cloth, shoe polish, coating, in building materials and for heating sand by absorbing solar energy.
Ion-conductive compsn. contains (A) a polyester-polyether copolymer prepd. from (1.1) an alpha,omega-di-hydroxy terminated poly(oxyalkylene), (1.2) an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or ester-forming deriv., and (1.3) an aromatic diol and/or an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid or ester-forming derivs., or from (2.1) an alpha,omega-dicarboxy terminated poly-oxyalkylene) or ester-forming deriv., (2.2) an aromatic diol, and (2.3) an aromatic dicarboxylic- and/or an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic-acid or ester forming derivs., and (B) a salt of a mono-, di- or tri-valent metal ion of Gps. Ia-IVa, Ib-VIIb or VIII.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Use of the compsn. for prodn. of antistatic films, antistatic coatings, or solid electrolytes for batteries is claimed. Compsn. is easily sol. in solvents, and can be processed to self-supporting films or to coatings. The films are transparent in the visible region of the spectrum, and have ionic conductivity of up to 10 power -6 S/cm at 20 deg. C. Mechanical properties are improved, and thermal and mechanical properties can be varied. The copolymers are homogeneous and amorphous, with only one Tg, and the components do not show phase sepn.
Producing solar heat collector comprises partly welding 2 thermoplastic sheets or films to form a meandering water flow passage, charging water-permeable porous resin in the passage to form a solar heat receiving part.    USE -   For warm water supplies. (J59167650) @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
The superconductor consists of alternately laminated metallic coating film and oxide superconductor having Cu-O plane superlattice structure connected with A atom, in which up to 20 layers of the planes per unit lattice exist, where A is at least one of Y, lanthanum series atoms (atomic number = 57-71), Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.    The metallic coating film pref. comprises Pt, Au, Ag, Ni, Ti, and Pd.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The superconductor can be used in various practical ways. Superconductor with high transition temp. can be obtd.    In an example, the (100) face of MgO single crystal was used as the substrate. Using BaCu alloy, CuY alloy, and Pt as the targets, Pt-YBaCuO superlattice superconductive complex film was prepd. A CuBaOx layer (22) and CuO-Y-CuO-CuO-Y-CuO layer (21) were laminated in order to make the superlattice by controlling the stopping time of the shutter window on the targets of the BaCu alloy and the CuY alloy respectively. By changing the conditions, the number of layers was increased up to 20 layers. Then shutter window was moved onto the Pt target, and Pt film was made on the superlattice superconductor thin film. Then the superconductor thin film was repeatedly made on the Pt layer. -_ The same process as the above was repeated to prepare the complex film. Transition temp. of the film was 90 K. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A Cd electrode for use in a rechargeable cell employing an alkaline elctrolyte comprising an electrically conductive substrate supporting an electrochemically active Cd material is such that polyamide is dispersed within at least a portion of the electrochemically active material and serves as an anti-agglomerant retarding Cd agglomeration during use of the electrode; and a mixt. of particulate electrochemically active Cd material is co-dispersed with polyamide and in electrical contact with the substrate during charge and discharge of the electrode.    Producing a Cd negative electrode for a rechargeable cell comprises (a) forming a mixt, by blending together a polyamide resin, an electrochemically active Cd material and a substantially non-aq. solvent (pref. an aliphatic alcohol); (b) applying said mixt. to an electrically conductive substrate to form a coated susbtrate; and (c) removing solvent from said coated substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   The anti-agglomerating material imparts improved adhesion and cohesion of the active cadmium material to itself as well as to the electrode substrate. It remains stable in the cell environment and does notm significantly mask the active material. It provides flexibility and produces an electrode paste which can be readily applied to a substrate with a high degree of uniformity of application.
G1
G1
(JP2109256-A)      Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma.
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
Polymer sec. cell comprises uniform film of polypyrrole and supporting salt and cation-exchange resin, which is formed on electrode substrate of anode.    Pref. in soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole, 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt, and 2-200 g/l of the resin are dissolved, anode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form uniform film of polypyrrole and supporting salt and . cation-exchange resin on substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for light wt. electronic and electric devices. Charge-discharge characteristic is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd.    In an example, 0.1 mol/l of pyrrole, 0.1 mol/l of LiBF4 for supporting salt, and 20 ml/300 ml-water of Naphion 117 soln. at concn. of 2.5 g/l were dissolved in water. Pt electrode substrate was soaked in soln. Using Pt wire as counter electrode, pyrrole was electrolytically polymerised with constant current of 2 mA for 500 at room temp. Substrate on which polypyrrole-Naphion-BF4(-) film was formed was removed, washed and dried. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises gelatinous zinc cathode contg. nonionic surfactant contg. organic silicon hydrophobic gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for the electr(on)ic devices. Corrosion resistance and life of the gelatinous zinc cathode are improved.    In an example, 600 ppm of Al, 500 ppm of Pb, and 200 ppm of In were added to Zn to prepare Zn alloy powder. 60 wt.% of the Zn alloy powder, 2 wt.% of gelatiniser, and 38 wt.% of 40% KOH aq. soln. were mixed to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode material. The material was amalgamated with mercury, and the surfactant (I) added to the amalgamated material to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode. EO=ethylene oxide, n and m are integers. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
A method of making a solid oxide ceramic fuel cell, which has many fuel and oxidant passageways and no inactive support material, comprises separately mixing powders of cathode, electrolyte, interconnect and anode ceramics with binder and plasticiser, and shaping each batch into tape layers by rolling (62), milling, or calendering, with the cathode and anode tape layers incorporating (38) many oriented organic fibres. The four tape layers (26,28,30,32) are formed into a multilayer tape (68), a part of this is cut to shape and processed to remove the organic fibres, leaving many passageways in the cathode and anode. The tape is then sintered to form a fuel cell. Also claimed is a method of making a fuel cell as above comprising assembling many of the green multilayer tapes above into a stack, heating in a furnace where the temp. is increased at a pressurised rate uo to 500 deg.C to remove binder, plasticiser, and the oriented fibres, cell.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Methods, a multilayer tape, and a monolithic green state assembly in the mfr. of solid oxide ceramic fuel cells (claimed) are provided. e cell has many small passageways for oxidant and fuel and contains no nonactive support material. Power densities are increased, with 170 stacked cells 20 cm x 15 cm giving 9 kW.
Rough-surfaced polyester sheet comprises a rough-surfaced polyester sheet contg. many conical projections intimately in contact each other at least one surface. The projections contain big projections having a bottom circle dia. of 12-50 microns and a height of 0.3-0.7 times of the dia. and small projections having a bottom circle dia. of less than 12 microns and the area of the gig projections is more than 50%. The projections are formed by contacting with a polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol.    The polyester: polyethylene terephthalate. The polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol: hexafluoropropanol.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   It enables total reflectivity of visible lights to less than 30% and vertical reflectivity to less than 4%. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Photoelectric transducer is prepd. by forming a porphyrin cpd. or its metallic complex thin film on an electrode material as an optical activation layer. The porphyrin cpd. or its metallic complex is solubilised by a micelle formation agent of a ferrocene deriv. in a water soluble solvent and the obtd. micelle soln. is electrolysed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for solar cell, gas sensor, etc. It has improved photoelectric transducer efficiency (PETE), closed circuit photoelectric current (CCPEC) and fill factor (FF).    In an example, an electrolyte is prepd. from 0.198 g non-ionic micelle formation agent (FPEG) of formula (I).
Copper-ammonia rayon prepn. method comprises dispersing raw material of oxide superconductive substance i.e. cpd. contg. Y, Ba, Ca, Sr or Tl and mixing in copper-ammonia soln. in which cellulose is dissolved. When fibre is spun from cpd. dispersed soln., only surface of fibre is formed with cellulose, then fibre is calcined to form ceramic fibre.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Method is used for prepn. of superconductive ceramic fibre. Continuous and flexible single fibre of superconductive ceramics can be easkly obtd.    In an example, copper-ammonia soln. was prepd. by ordinary method. Linters were dissolved in soln. BaSO4 and Y2O3 were suspended in soln. to make atomic wt. ratio of Y:Ba:Cu to 1:2:3 to make stock soln. Stock soln. was spun into fibre with flow-down tension spinning machine. Flow-down distance was shorter than that by ordinary method, and spun fibre was contacted with warm water for limited time. Only surface of spun fibre was solidified. Fibre was soaked in diluted H2SO4 bath (1-2 %) for certain time. Fibre was dried and calcined at 950 deg C for 2 hrs. in oxygen atmos. Dia. of fibre: 100 microns, Tc : 90 K. @(2pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Method and apparatus for accelerating the aging of polymers in order to determine their suitability for long term use, operates by heating a polymer at elevated temp. in the outdoors until a change of property is induced. The device comprises a thermal platen assembly (15) such as an aluminium sheet (26), faced with a S.S sheet (28), and backed with silicon heaters (38). The assembly is mounted in a caulked wooden frame which is hinged to a base so that it can be angled to face the sun. Test strips of polymer are clamped to the face. A controller controls the temp., and a timer or light-activated switch switches the heaters on only during daylight hours.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For solar cell array polymer encapsulant. The method is based on the discovery that heat is the accelerator but not the initiator of photothermal degradation. Aging is therefore accomplished by the addition of heat to natural sunlight which is much more spectrally consistent than artificial sources. The only accelerating stress is temp. The other environmental conditions are present in their natural occurrence. @(10pp Dwg.No.4/6)@
Vessel comprises panels assembled to form the vessel, the panel composed of a moulded polyolefin cpd. sheet and fibre reinforced thermosetting resin sheet laminated on that sheet and heated and pressed to form the panel.    Used for solar heat collectors and medicine store vessels. (J58149286-A) @(6pp Dwg.No.0/4)
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A fluorine-substd., conjugated double bond polymer having electrical conductivity comprises a polymer contg.: (a) 5-95 mol.% of monomeric units of vinylidene fluoride or trifluoroethylene; and (b) 95-5 mol.% pref. at least 40 mol.% of monomeric units of formula C(X)=C(F)- which are units derived from poly(vinylidene fluoride) or poly(trifluoroethylene); X = H or F; the units of (b) are arranged to form conjugated double bonds.    Pref. the compsns. are obtd. by basic dehydrofluorination of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(trifluoroethylene). They are electrically conductive and are esp. useful as electrically conductive films or tubular structures.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Lightweight conductive materials could be used as batteries, esp. for e.g., battery-powered lightweight cars.    In an example, a 0.005g piece of 'Kynar 900' (RTM) film was added to a mixt. of 45ml of 10% alcoholic KOH (10g KOH and 90g ethanol) and 10ml of dimethylacetamide, at 25 deg.C. After 90 hrs. at 25 deg.C, the film turned brown, and the soln. was orange in colour. The film was washed with water and dried. Infra-red analysis was carried out on the treated and non-treated films. IR spectra showed that significant amts. of poly(fluoroacetylene) was produced in the treated film (absorption band at 1595.7 wave number) which was absent in the non-treated film. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The pyroelectric type sensor element comprises junciton element consisting of a number units of pyroelectric material of which respective percentages of Pb(Mg 1/2 W 1/2) O3 are different each other in the range of compsn. of 70-93 mol.% of PbZrO3, 6-10 mol.% of PbTiO3, and 1-20 mol.% of Pb(Mg 1/2 W 1/2) O3.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The pyroelectric element is used for non-contact ype temp. sensors used at room temp. The temp. characteristic of the pyroelectric coefft. is opty. controlled. The coeffts. in the vicinity of room temp. are good.    In an example, the pyroelectric material thin plates (1) and (2), which were composed of PbZr 0.92 Ti 0.08 O3 combined with Pb(Mg1/2 W1/2)O3 at 10 mol.% and 14 mol.% respectively, were joined each other, and the platinum electrodes (3) and (4) were attached on both surfaces of the jointed thin plates to form the junction sensor element. @(5pp Dwg.No.2,3/6)@
The pyroelectric type sensor element comprises junciton element consisting of a number units of pyroelectric material of which respective percentages of Pb(Mg 1/2 W 1/2) O3 are different each other in the range of compsn. of 70-93 mol.% of PbZrO3, 6-10 mol.% of PbTiO3, and 1-20 mol.% of Pb(Mg 1/2 W 1/2) O3.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The pyroelectric element is used for non-contact ype temp. sensors used at room temp. The temp. characteristic of the pyroelectric coefft. is opty. controlled. The coeffts. in the vicinity of room temp. are good.    In an example, the pyroelectric material thin plates (1) and (2), which were composed of PbZr 0.92 Ti 0.08 O3 combined with Pb(Mg1/2 W1/2)O3 at 10 mol.% and 14 mol.% respectively, were joined each other, and the platinum electrodes (3) and (4) were attached on both surfaces of the jointed thin plates to form the junction sensor element. @(5pp Dwg.No.2,3/6)@
A moulded housing (10) is box-shaped, securable to a structure and formed to allow number sections (14) to be slid into position at the rear of the housing. There are pref. guides to allow the sections to slide into fixed positions. There are pref. at least four sections and the housing has at least one removable end. An electroluminescent panel (15) can be slid into slots behind the numbers, and there is a solar panel (17) at the top of the housing to recharge batteries within the housing.    ADVANTAGE -   Is automatically illuminated after dark.
Polymeric solid electrolyte compsn. comprises (A) epoxy cpd. having at least two ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide gps. in mol.; (B) epoxy curing agent having at least two ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide gps. in mol. and at least one active hydrogen gp.; and/or (C) ion dissociating cpd. for curing epoxy resin having at least two ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide gps., active hydrogen gp. at one mol. terminal and functional gp. dissociating electric conductive ion at another terminal; and/or (D) salt dissociating electric conductive ion.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte is serviceable in total solid type battery using light metal e.g. lithium or sodium as negative electrode activation substance or total solid type electrochromic display using WO3 etc. Compared with conventional electrolyte, the electrolyte shows high electrolytic conductivity at room temp., approx. two order high, and low temp. dependency.
A room heating element (2) to be mounted around windows or doors consists of a hollow extrusion (4) which carries on the inside (10) a pipe (12) e.g. for circulating hot water. The heat transfer profile (4) is attached to a mounting assembly (50) by its bottom ends (14) of the side walls (6,8) where T-shaped ribs (16) are snapped over clamping pieces (22,22a,22b) held in a mounting rail (50) made of aluminium. These C-shaped clamping pieces (22) are pref. made of polyamide 6.6. The rail is fixed to the building (26) by screws through the holes (70); the seals (42) have pref. three sealing lips.    ADVANTAGE -   This simplifies the attachment to openings in buildings and facilitates any thermally induced changes in length without noise or stress.
In an electrolyte container (10) for a H2/O2 fuel cell a container (11) with a variable surface is provided. The inner container (11) has an outlet (15) through which electrolyte is pumped away. A length of tubing (16) with openings (17) is fixed to the outlet and to the wall of the inner container (11) which pref. is shaped like a pleated bellows. The size of the holes in the tubing pref. increases with distance from the outlet and the area of the holes summed is pref. greater than the area of the outlet. (15).    Both the inner container (11) and the tube (16) pref. consist of a plastic, pref. polytetra fluoroethylene (PTFE). Pref. the inlet opening into the inner container (11) provides a flow rate of about 400 1/hour and so causes strong turbulence. Therefore only 5-10 holes are required in the tubing to ensure that no large accumulations of gas occur. The variation in the area of the holes ensures that even at the holes furthest away from the outlet (15) significant suction still exists.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The arrangement avoids gas-concentrations occurring in the electrolyte container, which might interrupt the cell operation either in gravity free conditions or when accelerating or decelerating. The fuel-cell is pref. used for space-flight systems.
A solar battery is prepd. by forming a substrate sheet or film of colourless and transparent polyimide on a heat-resistant supporter, providing a photoelectric converter element for converting optical energy to electrical energy and releasing the supporter from the substrate sheet mounted with the photoelectric element.    The polyimide is prepd. by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of formula (I): where R1 = (a)-(d) and an aromatic diamine of formula H2N-R2-NH2 (II): where R2 is a monocyclic to tetracyclic component when R2 is coupled with the N at the m-position or a bicyclic to tetracyclic component contg. perfluoro gp. when R2 is coupled with the N at the m- or p-position. The tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is e.g. 3,',4,4'- or 2,3,3',4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulphone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane dianhydride dianhydride. The aromatic monocyclic diamine is e.g. m-phenylene diamine, m-tolylene diamine, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The battery is of light wt. and compacted and has a controlled light deterioration to improve the conversion efficiency and the reliability. It is used as electrical sources for portable electronic devices.
In non-woven fabric used for battery, the improvement is that the non-woven fabric consists of core-shell structure continuous filament composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) core and polyethylene shell, the fineness of the continuous filament is 2-20 denier, the fineness of the PET core is 1-15 denier, and the ratio of the PET to the polyethylene is 1/5-3/1.    The polyethylene is low density polyethylene with 0.910-0.925 density, medium density polyethylene with 0.926-0.940 density or high density polyethylene with 0.941-0.965 density, and is pref. linear low density polyethylene from ethylene and alpha-olefin of C4-C8. The PET pref. has intrinsic viscosity of 0.50-1.20.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The non-woven fabric shows excellent acid resistance and heat resistance, and can be used for a long period in dil. sulphuric acid electrolytic soln. of battery without deterioration.
Cell comprises the diodes layered outside, in discharge preventive direction, of one pole plate of the lithium cell.    The cell in which open end of the diode and the other pole plate are pref. connected with the Zener diode. The cell in which photoelectric power sources, consisting of pieces of photoelectric converting elements which generate reverse electromotive force against the cell by light irradiation, are multi-layered, or arrayed in series, or multilayered and connected in series, and are multilayered on the diode, and also both poles are connected with the Zener diode. The photoelectric converting elements are multilayered or connect in series so as to make output voltage of the photoelectric power source at least 2.3 V. The Li cell portion comprises anode of V2O5, cathode of Li or Li-Al alloy, and electrolyte of polyphosphazene, in stratiform. (5) The polyphosphazene electrolyte comprises oligoethylene oxypolyphosphazene, in which the segments of formulae e.g. (I), (II), (III), (IV), or (V) are arbitrarily arrayed, or mixt. of them which are complexly combined with Li salt.    In formulae R and R'=lower alkyl, h and k are number of average repeating of ethyleneoxy units, h=0-15, k=0-15, l,m and n are integer, l+m+n=3-200,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The lithium cell is used for portable electric devices. The cell can be directly charged with various power sources.
Solar panel comprises a main body portion and end caps. The main body comprising spaced sheets divided by parallel ribs into flow channels. The end caps have baffles forming a series of arcuate recesses each of which communicate with a predetermined number of flow channels. The end caps also have zero - two ports but no more than two ports in total and each port communicates with half the number of flow channels of a recess. One port is an inlet and the other an outlet and can be made of PVC. The caps can be of acrylic and the main body of polycarbonate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Domestic or industrial hot water or home heating, swimming oools, therapy spas, car washes or laundries. Low cost solar energy panel.
Fluorescent solar energy collector comprises transparent plastic board of polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, and fluorescent layer which is formed on the surface of transparent plastic board by thermal transfer or pressure transfer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   This solar energy collector is suitable for collecting device of (in)direct rays of the sun, esp. solar cell. It is possible to form fluorescent layer easily, has high efficiency in collecting the sun rays by transfer method.
An electrolyte compsn. for a solid state electrochemical cell comprises (i) at least 65 wt.% plasticiser; (ii) a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer derived from monomers contg. a heteroatom; and (iii) a dissolved alkali metal salt.    An electrochemical cell is also claimed, comprising a lithium anode, a composite cathode of an insertion cpd. and a layer of polymer electrolyte comprising the above compsn.    The heteroatom is pref. O or N. The plasticiser ':. is a non-volatile aprotic polar solvent in which the alkali metal salt is soluble, pref. propylene carbonate, a-butyrolactone or dimethyl ethers. The salt is'a lithium salt of I-, Br-, SCN-, CLO4-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, CF3CO2- or CF3SO3-. The layer of polymer electrolyte in the cell is less than 100 microns thick, pref. 15-50 microns thick.    ADVANTAGE -   The compsns. can provide very thin electrolyte layers.
In an alkaline battery having a gelled negative electrode contg. Hg-, Cd- and Pb-free Zn powder and 1-1000 ppm. organic stabiliser selected from ethoxylated fluoro-alcohol type polyfluorinated cpds. and polyethoxylated alcohol and alkyl sulphide type cpds., the electrode is equipped with a negative current collector immersed in the gel and connected to the negative terminal.    The current collector comprises a bundle of conductive fibres joined together at their end near the negative terminal, the fibres being of 0.05-1 mm dia. and consisting, at least at the surface, of pure Zn, Cd, Ga or In.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery is 'clean' (i.e. free of Hg, Cd, and Pb), but has the same performance as amalgamated Zn batteries.
A graphite intercalation compound contains cupric chloride inserted between graphite layers. Graphite is formed from a film of polyimide at a temp. of more than 1600 deg. C.    Details: For fully developing the graphite structure of the polyimide film, the heat treatment temp is pref. at 2000 deg. C. or more. The insertion of the cupric chloride is done by Two-bulb process or mixing process etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The graphite intercalation compound is useful for highly conductive material, battery material, optical device etc. By the combination of the graphite film made from polyimide film, with cupric chloride, a graphite intercalation compound of film shape (and of large area) showing high electric conductivity, high heat resistance and humidity resistance, can be formed.
Device comprises one or more transparent chips (202,203) mounted on a transparent support, and photoelectric converters (205) formed on the chips, with fixtive (204) on the opposite chip faces for securing to the support. An anti-reflection mould (105) covers the chips at least on the sides and has a refractive index equal to or larger than that of the chips.    The chips are pref of quartz glass and the mould is of silicone resin with refractive index not less than 1.465, and a Shore hardness not higher than 20 after curing. There may be a filler material (206) between adjacent chip edges and of the same material as the mould or the fixative. the fixative is eg UV-cured urethane-modified acrylic compsn for securing to a glass support.    USE?ADVANTAGE -   For image readers, provides high precision and reliability, low cost and compact structure.
The device comprises in combination: a housing including an end wall and of interconnecting side walls projecting from the end wall and defining an interior. Dividers project from at least some of the side walls and divide the interior into a number of compartments, each of a size and configuration to accommodate a plurality of sandpaper sheets disposed in aligned, parallel relationship perpendicular to the end wall.    A pair of press plates are loosely disposed in at least one of the compartments perpendicularly to the end wall having height and width corresponding to the height and width of the sandpaper sheets and each press plate of the pair of press plates in a compartment is positionable against the outermost sheet of the sandpaper sheets in the compartment. A cover is attachable to the housing to isolate the interior from ambient conditions, and dividers cooperate with the press plates to maintain the press plates perpendicular to the end wall and restrict movement of the press plates to directions parallel to the end wall.
A solid electrolyte comprises a polymer contg. at least 50 mol% of units of formula (I) and a salt of a metal ion of Gp.(I) or (II) metals. In (I) L1 and L2 = divalent linking gp.; R1 and R2 = H, alkyl or aryl; m and p = 1-10; X1 and X2 = -O-or -S-; n = 10-100; a and b = 0-10; and c = 0 or 1, providing when c=0, a or b = at least 1. Also claimed is a battery comprising an anode, a cathode and the above electrolyte.    Pref. L1 and L2 = alkylene, aralkylene or oxyalkylene gp., esp. 3-5C alkylene; R1 and R2 = methyl. The polymer has mol. wt. 4,000-20,000 and contains 80 (pref. 100) mol% (I). It may comprise up to 50 wt.% dialkyl siloxane units. The salt is LiCF3SO3. The mol. ratio of polyethylene oxide units in (I) to metal ion is 1-10%.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As a replacement for prior art polymer electrolytes in Li batteries. The electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity at room temp. (e.g. above 10 power-6 ohm-1 cm-1) and has excellent film forming properties, excellent storage stability and is readily mfd.
In the mfr. of an electronic device having a flexible substrate, semiconductor layer and an encapsulant layer, the thickness of the substrate and/or encapsulant layer is selected as a function of the elastic moduli of the two layers, so that a neutral plane of the device is located near the semiconductor layer, to prevent damaging stress on the semiconductor layer when the device is flexed. Pref. the neutral plane is located within 20%, pref. within 10%, esp. within 2% of an overall thickness of the device, from the semiconductor layer.    USE -   Esp. in mfr. of flexible, thin film solar cells.(claimed).
Treble glass panel glazing set improves its heat protective characteristics with one of its cavities between the glass panels filled with heat storing material to 1/3-1/4 of its height. The material belongs to the group of polyatomic polyesters, while the external glazing is coated with a heat protective film on the inside and which reaches the same height as the filler. Improved optical characteristics of the glazing are achieved with the height of the middle panel matching the height of the heat storing material. As a heat storing material, the design uses polyethylene glycol which solidifies at 15 deg.C and thus renders the lower part of the glazing translucent. In a sunny day, the fill melts and becomes transparent while storing the thermal energy of solar radiation. The glass panels (1-3) are located with the spacer frames (4).    ADVANTAGE -   The glazing is intended for regions with prevailing sunny days and ensures compensation of heat losses through the set without significantly interfering with optical characteristics.    Bul. 30/15.8.89
(JP93000822-B)      Separator for alkaline cell comprises polyamide fibres having a breakdown elongation deg. of 40% or less, at least 50 wt.% and core-sheath type composite nylon fibres of at least 20 wt.%.    USE -   For alkaline cells. (J02010654-A
A flexible support substrate for a photovoltaic solar generator is made by placing a Kapton film (RTM polyimide film) on a heatable laminating table; coating the film with an adhesive; applying an adhesion-promoting layer; applying a layer of glass fabric and impregnating the glass fabric with a silicone adhesive; before the silicone adhesive has hardened, applying a tear-off fabric layer; hardening the composite of Kapton film, glass fabric and tear-off fabric under vacuum; and before bonding the solar cells onto the flexible support, removing the tear-off fabric layer so as to provide an opened up structured silicone surface for bonding the solar cells onto.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process provides a simple means for a support substrate bearing a cured silicone surface onto which an array of interconnected solar cells can be bonded to provide a solar generator which can be rolled up prior to use. Pref. the solar cells are bonded to the support with a silicone adhesive to provide a flexible solar generator with high strength and resistance to atomic oxygen. The solar generators are resistant to conditions encountered in space travel (eg -180 to +100 deg C, 10-12 Torr) and are esp. useful for orbiting spacecraft where atomic oxygen may be present.
In a non-aq. rechargeable electrolytic cell with a negative lithium electrode in an inorganic electrolyte soln., the novelty is that the electrolyte soln. is combined with a positive intercalation electrode of LiCoO2 and/or CoO2, the electrolyte soln. consisting of SO2 solvent and one or more solutes selected from alkali (ne earth) metal salts with gp. IIIA element halide anions.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell operates faultlessly with high energy density for a large number of cycles and with satisfactory power or current density.
A method of forming a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with high bonding and reduced thermal stress comprises forming anode, cathode, electrolyte, and interconnect slips by dispersing four ceramic powders in liqs., milling a binder and plasticiser into each, casting the slips into thin layers or tapes, and forming many of the tapes into a stacked array with an intermediate bonding layer between adjacent tapes composed of portions of each of the adjacent layers. Many corrugations are formed in the array, which is self-supporting, and the array is heated to increase the density of the electrolyte and interconnect tapes, and rigidify and increase the strength of the stack.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A high temp., monolithic SOFC (claimed) which overcomes problems of thermal stress and poor handling is provided. The corrugated structure is rigid and self-supporting in the green state. Only one firing is needed and the cells may be operated at 1000 deg. C without cracking or distortion.
The electrochemical cell comprises the active substance consisting of formed film composed of high polymer having ion-exchange gps. and electron conductivity.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The electrochemical cell is used for electronic and electric devices. The energy density of the cell is improved.    In an example after converting the cation exchange membrane (Neocepter C66-5T made by TOKU) into an acidic type, the membrane was soaked in 5% pyrrole aq. soln. for 16 hrs. to make the pyrrole ion-exchanged and adsorbed uniformly in the membrane. The membrane was then soaked in 5% Fe(C1O4)3 aq. soln. to polymerize the pyrrole in the membrane. The membrane was soaked in 0.5N ammonia aq. soln. and then in 1N HC1O4 aq. soln. The soln. was changed three times, then the membrane was taken out and washed, then dried at 50 deg. C for 24 hrs. at reduced pressure. The wt. of membrane increased at the rate of 10%. The membrane was soaked in methanol, then in propylene carbonate to obtain the anode active substance. A Li cell was assembled with the a ctive substance. Charge-discharge were repeated at 200 microA 100 times. 90% of 2.2 mili equivalent/g(dry membrane) participated in the charge-discharge.
A saline manganese dioxide battery in a zinc casing is closed by embossing two circular grooves near the edge of the casing to form ribs on the inside of the casing, and fitting a plastic cap with a central aperture into the space between the ribs, which has a dia. not more than 1mm smaller than that of the cap. A battery is also claimed. The plastic is pref. low density polyethylene or a copolymer of polyvinyl chloride and an elastomer.    ADVANTAGE -   Variations in the thickness of the zinc do not affect the quality of the closure.
A battery comprises a casing (14) with at least one cell (16, 18) holding ac. electrolyte and immersed electrodes (19), a casing vent (24) for gases and pressure during recharging and sterilisation, and porous material (26, 28) adjacent the electrode assembly for holding excess electrolyte.    The material is more hydrophobic than the electrode assembly so that electrolyte in it tends to migrate into the assembly to wet the electrodes while excess electrolyte remains in the material. The material is pref. a PTFE felt pad with a void vol. of 65-95%, a surface energy much less than that of the assembly and an apparent surface tension less than 35 dynes/cm.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Partic. a battery for powering surgical instruments, can be autoclaved with min. loss of electrolyte.
A solvent-free polymer electrolyte contains in its molecule a sterically hindered phenol metal ion salt. A sperically hindered phenol is reacted with an oligo(oxyalylene) polymer (I). The phenolic OH is then neutralised. Alternatively the hindered phenol is reacted with a polymer precursor before reacting with (I), or is reacted in a solvent with a polymer of Tg-50 to -150deg.C. A hindered phenol such as 2, 6-di-t-butyl vinyl phenol can be reacted with a polymethylhydrosilane and then with alkyl methoxy hepta(oxyethylene). In all cases the phenolic OH groups are neutralised with an alkali metal compd. e.g. an alkoxide of Li, Na or K.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer is a cationic single-ion conductor used in high energy density batteries, photoelectro-chemical cells and solid state electrochromic displays.
Radiation gathering reflector (10) is made using a mandrel (20) which has a pair of equatorially engaging, opposing surfaces of revolution (32, 34), each having a shape corresponding to a predetermined inner reflector surface shape. Impregnated fibrous material (54) is polar wound onto the mandrel and allowed to harden to form a composite of matrix impregnated fibres including two integrally connected reflector support members corresponding to the pair of opposing surfaces of revolution respectively, the thickness of each member being smallest at the equator and uniformly increasing in a direction away from it. An equatorial cut is made in the composite after hardening to separate the support members from each other and from the mandrel and a reflective surface is formed on the inner surface of at least one of them for gathering radiation.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Parabolic dish for solar power concentrator and microwave antenna. Method enables a radiation gathering reflector to be mfd. which is dimensionally stable but lightweight at low cost and with minimum waste. The reflector is rugged and reliable and easily repairable but a minimum amount of material is used to provide the necessary strength. The method of mfr. is not labour intensive and lends itself to automated techniques.
Polymer cell has a cathode comprising Li(alloy), an anode comprising complex of electroconductive polymer and polymer anion, and electrolyte comprising polymer solid electrolyte.    Pref. electroconductive polymer is e.g. polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyacetylene etc.. The polymer anion is e.g. polyvinylsulphone or fluorinated polymer anion of formula (I) or (II), where x+y = 1.0, y is 0.1-1.0, X is SO3H or COOH, Rf is CF2, OCF2, O-(-CF2)3 or O-CF(CF3)-CF2-OCF2CF2. The polymer solid electrolyte is e.g. a complex body of Li salt and crosslinked reaction prod. from ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, trihydric alcohol and 2,4-tolylenediisocyanate, a complex body of Li salt and polyethylene oxide, a complex body of Li salt and polypropylene oxide or complex body of Li salt and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Light weight solid polymer cell has good flexibility, small internal resistance and large electric capacity.
An antireflection (AR) film esp. for use on plastics comprises a re-liquified sol-gel hydrolysation, condensation polymeric reaction prod. of a silicon alkoxide and/or a metal alkoxide.    In partic. the polymeric reaction prod. is formed from a system contg. the alkoxide(s) mixed with water and a catalyst in an alcohol soln.    pref. the metal alkoxides are r . of formula M(OR)x with M = Si, Ti, B, Al, Zr or other ceramic-type metals; R = 1-4C alkyl; and x = valency of M.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The AR film is suitably applied to acrylics or polycarbonates which are to be used in solar thermal or solar photovoltaic applications.
Adhesive tape has one surface having a friction coefft. lower than 0.25 and another surface coated with pressure-sensitive adhesive. Substrate for the tape may be plastic films coated with fluorine resin or silicone resin, films of fluorine resin and ultrahigh molecular polyethylene, having low friction coefft. and woven or nonwoven cloth of natural or synthetic fibres, opt. surface-coated with silicone or fluorine resin. Pressure-sensitive adhesive may be rubber, polyacrylate, or silicone, but is pref. silicone for heat resistance and no contaimination by electrolyte.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The tape is used for wrapping a roll of separator for easily insertion into a lithium battery case of approximately the same dia.
Electrochemical cell comprises a thin-strip laminate of anode, two electrolyte layers, two cathode layers and a cathode current conductor strip, the laminate being deformed so that both cathode strips contact the cathode conductor strip along their entire lengths. In one embodiment, the laminate is wound in a spiral; and in a second, the cathode conductor strip is fan-folded (60) and interleaved into the fan-folded segments (56) of the cell laminate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as a compact, lightweight non-aq. sec. cell having a polymer electrolyte. Use of one current conductor serving both cathode strips reduces thickness, wt. and cost.
(JP2537969-B2)      An airtight lead storage battery comprises an anode, cathode, separator, a metal collector laminated with polyolefin resin on one side, and a polyolefin resin compsn. frame surrounding and heat biased to the group of plates. The terminal part of a metal collector is electrically connected with the anode and cathode. An electric pole part is inserted between the frame and collector, and a sealing adhesive agent filled in a pot up to the circumference of the soldering part of the pole and collector terminal.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Power supply e.g. for a portable appts. Improved sealing.
The proposed element contains a fibrous base. One side of this base is provided with a reflective layer for solar radiation and the other side with a reflective layer for thermal radiation, which is also coated with a decorative material.    The solar radiation reflector comprises zinc oxide, titanium oxide or calcium carbonate distributed in a palstic based matrix. The thermal radiation reflector is made of a metallic pigment in a plastic matrix. The decorative coating contains granules of pigment or granules soluble in a polymer. The matrix is preferably of a foam type and contains air bubbles.
A battery contact assembly is mfd. by: (a) moulding a solvent soluble plastic form (104) around a batter contact (102) with a portion (102A) of the battery contact projecting from the plastic form (104), injection. (b) injection moulding a housing (202) around the form (104) with the projecting portion (102A) of the battery contact embedded in the housing (202), and (c) dissolving the form (104) in an appropriate solvent so as to leave a housing (202) with a cavity (202D) that contains the battery contact (102).    The pref. material for the plastic form (104) is a butyl methacrylic polymer which is soluble in either isopropyl or isoamyl alcohol. Alternatively the form (104) may be a polyvinyl alcohol which is water soluble.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The battery contact (102) is pref. a coil spring but may be a serpentine spring, and the housing (202) surrounds the spring and prevents entanglement which is important when using a vacuum pickup arm to automatically place the battery contact onto a printer circuit board.
Alkaline cell comprises an explosive proof or safety valve having a valve body made of an ethylene-propylene copolymer contg. C black 35-60wt.% to reinforce the body.    Used for power sources of electronic appts.
Electrochemical device has at least one pair of electrodes and a solid or solid-like composite electrolyte (I) between these, which contains uniform spherical particles (II) dispersed in (I).    Pref. (I) consists of a polymer, an electrolyte salt (III) and (II). (II) have (almost) no electrical conductivity, the conductivity being 10 power (-10) S/cm or less but have ion conductivity. They can be produced from phenolic resin, crosslinked DVB polymer, PMMA, polystyrene, nylon, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and polymers contg. one of these copolymers as side chains. Alternatively, (II) consist of inorg. materials, i.e. crown glass, 'Nasicon' (RTM), ''isicon' (RTM), A1203 or Ti02. They have a dia. of 0.1-50 microns. The amt. of (II) in (I) is ca. 0.1-50 vol.%. (III) has an anion of the formula BR4(-)(R=alkyl, phenyl or halogen) and a counter-cation and has a lattice energy of 750 kJ/mole or less and concn. of 0.04 or more as (III) concn./ionic dissociation gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device is claimed as battery or electrochromic device. It may also be a capacitor. It operates reliably for long periods.
A battery (1) comprises cells contg. a polymer compsn. (12) which is electrically conductive at normal operating temps. but has reduced conductivity at temps. above 90 deg.C.    Pref. the polymer compsn. (12) can be a polymer which is inherently conductive, or a polymer, e.g. an 80/20 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) or polybutyl methacrylate (PBM) contg. carbon black, e.g. acetylene black at 5-30 wt.%, aluminium powder of less than 20 micron particle size at 10-50 wt.%, or metal flakes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer compsn. (12) acts as a thermal fuse or regulator preventing overheating of the battery during discharge or charging.
Self-illuminating sign has a panel (6 or 7) with different coloured indicia thereon and a part or parts (3, 4) to absorb light when bright and emit light when dark or dull so that the indicia can be clearly seen. The part or parts (3, 4) can convert absorbed light to electricity and reconvert it back when dark e.g. by light sensor (5) and switch or can be a chemical e.g. a phosphorescent device. A battery can be provided to support the standard energy device. The sign can be protected from ambient weather conditions by use of a transparent material such as perspex (RTM-PMMA).    USE -   House sign or number.
Semiconductor die (1) mounted on a lead frame (3) and connected to the lead members (3a, 3b) thereof by metal wires (2a, 2b) welded to the die and leads, is mounted in a box like shell of rigid plastics formed in two matching halves (4a, 4b) with the leads (3a, 3b) extending through a gap between the edges of the two halves of the shell. A body of plastics encapsulating material (8) is moulded around the shell, with the lead members (3a, 3b) projecting therethrough.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Forming a hollow package for a semiconductor device, particularly as optically active device such as an EPROm, Optical sensor or video camera sensor. Low cost encapsulation process which prevents encapsulation stresses from acting on the semiconductor device since the preformed shell prevents the encapsulating plastics from encroaching within the shell.
Rechargeable Zn halide cell comprises a laminate of: conductive inert material; matrix supporting Zn halide; and a conductive layer which absorbs and adsorbs halogen. Leads are attached to the outer layers and the total laminate thickness is 1-3mm. Matrix material is pref. a swellable polymer, esp. polyvinyl alcohol or polyacrylamide.    A fourth layer comprises a porous membrane matrix, pref. of water-absorbing material, or a cation exchange membrane pref. contg. a sulphonic, carboxylic, phosphoric, arsenic or selenic gp. and having a charge density of 0.2-4.5 meq./g. or a matrix impregnated with a cation exchanger or polymer.    Pref. matrix material is polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyfluorinated hydrocarbon, sulphonated (poly)styrene or sulphonated perfluoro-polymer, where the sulphonic gp. is a cation exchanger. Other inert or ion specific sepn. layers may be included. The halogen absorber/adsorber is activated C having a resistivity of 0.001-1000 ohm.cm opt. mixed with a quaternary or ternary anion exchanger or in a matrix of polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol or an ion-exchange polymer. Electrolyte in ZnBr2 or ZnCl2 mixed with other alkali metal halides. The cell contains 0.1-400 wt.% water on dry wt. and operates at a pH of 0.1-8.    ADVANTAGE -   Use of a matrix support for the electrolyte minimises self-discharge and avoids dendrite formation, while still allowing an ultrathin structure.
A Na electrical battery cell comprises: a solid electrolyte member having first (I) and second (II) surface area portions sepd. by an ion-transmitting body portion; Na-inclusive first and second reactant materials disposed in communication with (I) and (II) respectively; an integrated metallic particle first and second reactant substantially inert wick member disposed between (I) and metallic Na first reactant material. The wick member enhances the wetting of (I) by the liquid phase of the Na-inclusive first reactant material. Prefd.: (i) the solid electrolyte member comprises Al2O3, or more pref. Na contg. beta double prime Al2O3; (ii) the wick member comprises sintered metallic particles, e.g. Ni; the second reactant material is S. Further disclosed is a method for fabricating a wicked solid state electrolyte member, and wicked reactant assembly for a high temp. Na electrical battery cell by: coating one surface of an elongated closable beta double prime Al2O3 solid electrolyte member with a wet slurry of finely divided metal particles and organic binder; dusting wet surface of slurry with a coating thickening additional layer of finely divided metal particles; drying the coating until rigidised into an electrolyte member attached to wicking member; sintering the wicking member; wetting the wicked electrolyte member surface with liq. Na.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improved capillary action wicking structure for use in high temp. electrical battery cells. Particularly Na/S battery cells. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
(JP2276166-A)      Manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material sealed in zinc casing through separator. The separator is composed of paper material on which paste material contg. ester-type polyethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, in which addition mol. number of ethylene oxide is at least 8, is applied.    The manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material consisting of mixt. of active substance principally composed of manganese dioxide and electrolyte, which is sealed in zinc casing through separator. The surfactant was added in the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   In storage, corrosion of zinc is sufficiently suppressed for practical use, without amalgamation treatment with mercury.    In an example, 30 wt. parts of natural manganese dioxide, 50 wt. parts of electrolytic manganese dioxide, and 20 wt. parts of acetylene black were mixed. Electrolyte consisting of 100 wt. parts of water, 35 wt. parts of ZnCl2, and 5 wt. parts of NH4Cl was added to the mixed powder to prepare the anodic mixed material. For the paste material, 20 wt. parts of corn starch, 5 wt. parts of 50% ZnCl2 aq. soln., 5 wt. parts of 25% NH4Cl, and 70 wt. parts of water were mixed. Then 0.25 wt.% of the surfactant of formula (I) was added to the mixt. where m is addition mol number of ethylene oxide. The paste was applied on the paper separator. Dry cell was made of the anodic mixed material, the separator and zinc casing.
In a device for injecting charged particles including a section for generating charged particles, two pole electromagnet having magnetic pole pieces on both ends, a section for selecting the particles and a holder of sample, at least one of the pole pieces can be exchanged, and the magnetic pole pieces have horizontal end sections which are formed by quadric curve or by cubic curve.    ADVANTAGE -   Since magnetic pole pieces having curved end surfaces are used, divergence of focus point can be avoided. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
A fuel cell assembly comprises: (1) a cell consisting of an electrolytic layer; (2) an oxygen electrode attached to one side of the electrolytic layer and opposite an oxygen-contg. gas flow passage; and (3) a fuel electrode attached to the other side of the electrolytic layer and opposite a fuel flow passage.    The electrolytic layer comprises ZrO2 with Y in solid' soln. The oxygen electrode is made of LaMnO3. The fuel electrode is a cermet formed from Ni and ZrO2. The electrolytic layer is formed as a plate, whilst the oxygen and fuel electrodes are formed as films or plates.    ADVANTAGE -   Construction of the cell is simple and cheap to mfr. and is free from breakages due to thermal strain. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/8)@
A device, for converting the chemical energy content of a gaseous fuel into electrical energy, includes a stack of series-connected, flat, zirconia solid electrolyte-based, high temp. fuel cells (1,2,3) with current transfer components inserted between adjacent cells.    The novelty is that each inserted component consists of a central, electrically conductive, gastight, flat separator plate (4) sandwiched between electrically conductive, elastic current collectors (6,7) having contact points for the separator plate (4) and the adjacent cell electrode (2,3), the contact points being permanently subjected to pressure perpendicular to the plate plane. The periphery of the separator plates and fuel cells is provided with flat insulating spacer frames (9), elastic seals (10) and corresponding gaseous medium feed and discharge systems. The entire stack is held together under pressure perpendicular to the plate plane by elastic ti-rods or stirrups located at the periphery of or outside the fuel cells and separator plates.    ADVANTAGE -   The device has an extremely high of many fuel cells and good current transfer between cells with minimal losses. and has a design allowing mass prodn.
A fuel cell power generation system uses fuel gas which contains hydrogen as a main component and is obtd. by desulphurising starting fuels such as naphtha, LPG, town gas, etc., and subjecting the resulting gas to steam reformation and a method of producing the fuel gas. The starting fuels are desulphurised by use of a copper-zinc desulphurising agent.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The starting fuels are highly desulphurised to prevent degradation of the steam reforming catalyst. As a result, the fuel cell can be operated stably for a long period of time, and since S/C (the molar number of steam per mol of carbon of hydrocarbons in the starting fuel) can be reduced during the steam reformation, the hydrogen content in the fuel gas and hence power generation efficiency can be imoroved. @(41pp Dwg.No.2/4)@
Article comprises a network of first fibres (I) and second fibres (II), at least (I) having bonded junctions at the fibre crossing points. Pref. (I) is a first metal and (II) is the same metal as (I) or a second metal, a ceramic, a high surface area material and/or C.    Pref. the article is matrix of C fibres interwoven in a network of fused metal fibres.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as a C-based electrode for high energy batteries, fuel cells, etc., and also as a filter, separator, (bio)catalyst and catalyst support, preform for composites, and water and effluent treatment agent. Prod. can have tailored properties esp. surface area, conductivity, catalytic activity, etc. as desired, and is easy to mfr.. @(95pp Dwg.No.1/18)@
Cell has a solid polymer membrane (102) for proton transport between the gases. A first flow field transports gas(es) adjacent the membrane for current-generating reaction, and a second flow field receives gas(es) sequential to the first field and has a water transport membrane (108,109) for regulating humidity of the gas in the first field. A gas flow channel pref. repeatedly traverses the two fields, with second field channel length sufficient to remove excess water from the oxygen or to humidify the hydrogen for moisturising the first membrane to maintain ionic conductivity. A fluid flow is pref. maintained adjacent the membrane opposite the cell gas to evaporate water from the membrane and cool the gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved control of proton transport membrane moisture content and fuel gas cooling.
Process useful where aq. coolant is used in fuel cell power plants, using an Fe source for forming ferric hydrous oxide to retard the deposition of iron-based cpds. comprises contacting the Fe source with water at 180-350 deg. F, with an O level promoting Fe2+, an acidic pH and a conductivity of not greater than 1 micromho per cm, raising the pH to ppt. the Fe2+, and loweringrthe oxygen level in the water to limit the size of growth of the ppt. Also claimed is a process as above in which the Fe source and water meet in a chamber (136), the water being acidic due to dissolved CO2 and having an O level of at least 1 ppm, steam is mixed with the water and the mixt. sprayed (148) towards the surface of the mass of the water (152). The CO2 is vented, raising the pH, and an O level of 40-60 ppb obtd. in the water so Fe ppts. as FeOOH.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solves the problem of particle deposition from aq. coolant in fuel cell power plants, which may cause conduit blocking. The process for any system where aq. solns. may deposit Fe cpds. The deposits of Fe-based cpds. on conduit interiors is thus retarded by the presence of type II ferric hydrous oxide.
High purity alumina fibre made of polycrystal is mixed with a compound contg. Li, and the alumina fibre is heated at 500- 1000 deg.C in a cpd. contg. Li, so that lithium aluminate fibre having micro pores internally and on the surface is produced.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The porous fibre is esp. useful as reinforcing material for an electrolyte plate of a melted carbonate fuel battery. Since the lithium aluminate fibre itself has electrolyte retaining function, and improved wettability etc., the melted carbonate can enter the reinforcing material and when the fuel battery is cooled, the melted carbonate is fixed there, i.e. no gap (void) is produced around the reinforcing material. @(5pp Dwg.No.1-2/6)@
Electric double layer condenser, in which electric double layer formed at interface between polarised electrode and electrolyte is utilised, comprises N,N-dialkyl morpholium ion of the formula (I) as solute cation in the electrolyte.    Pref.N,N-dialkyl morpholium ion is of formula (I) where R and R' are 1-15 C alkyls respectively. Anion of the solute in the electrolyte pref. comprises one of floroboric ion, hexafluorophosphoric ion, perchloric ion, or hexafluoroarsenic ion. The polarised electrode pref. comprises activated charcoal. At least one of the electrodes pref. comprises non-polarised electrode.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The elctric double layer capacitor is used for memory back-up for the various electronic devices. Capacitor having stable characteristics for a long time at a temp of 85% C. can be obtd.    In an example, as shown in Fig. 1, conductive elctrode (2) of Al layer was formed at one side surface of activated charcoal fibre to make the polarised electrode (1). Separator (3) of polypropylene was placed in-between the polarised electrodes. Electrolyte consisting of solute of the formula (II), and solvent of propylene carbonate were prepd. After putting the electrolyte in a coin type casing, the capacitor structure was sealed in the casing with insulation of the gasket (5) for the electrodes. @(4pp Dwg.No./1)@
Electric double layer condenser, in which electric double layer formed at interface between polarised electrode and electrolyte is utilised, comprises N,N-dialkyl morpholium ion of the formula (I) as solute cation in the electrolyte.    Pref.N,N-dialkyl morpholium ion is of formula (I) where R and R' are 1-15 C alkyls respectively. Anion of the solute in the electrolyte pref. comprises one of floroboric ion, hexafluorophosphoric ion, perchloric ion, or hexafluoroarsenic ion. The polarised electrode pref. comprises activated charcoal. At least one of the electrodes pref. comprises non-polarised electrode.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The elctric double layer capacitor is used for memory back-up for the various electronic devices. Capacitor having stable characteristics for a long time at a temp of 85% C. can be obtd.    In an example, as shown in Fig. 1, conductive elctrode (2) of Al layer was formed at one side surface of activated charcoal fibre to make the polarised electrode (1). Separator (3) of polypropylene was placed in-between the polarised electrodes. Electrolyte consisting of solute of the formula (II), and solvent of propylene carbonate were prepd. After putting the electrolyte in a coin type casing, the capacitor structure was sealed in the casing with insulation of the gasket (5) for the electrodes. @(4pp Dwg.No./1)@
(A) Hydrogen bubbles and/or dissolved hydrogen are removed from a liq., esp. water, by contacting the liq. with a coated metal (alloy) structure which either absorbs hydrogen or acts as a semi-permeable membrane for hydrogen sepn. (B) Appts., structures and materials for carrying out the process are also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is useful for hydrogen sepn. from the process water produced by fuel cells in space vehicles and allows the treated water to be used as drinking water. @(8pp Dwg.No 1/5)@
Photovoltaic assembly for converting high intensity solar radiation comprises: a base formed of a heat-conducting backing plate and a composite heat-conducting dielectric layer comprising a thin film of porous Al203 and an electrophoretically-deposited styrene-acrylate resin in the pores of the Al203; and photovoltaic cells in thermal contact with the composite dielectric layer, heat generated in the cells being transmitted to the backing plate.    ADVANTAGE -   Composite layer combines high electrical insulation with high heat conductivity for efficient thermal transfer to the backing plate. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
It consists of transparent base board laminated with thin metallic membrane or multi layer thin membrane of metallic membrane and dielectric membrane. The border parts of the membrane are coated with resin composition containing metal with larger ionisation tendency then the metals contrructing the membrane.    Pref. metal constituting metallic membrane is Au, Ag and/ or Cu. Larger ionization tendency metal: one or more of Al, Zn and Mg. The metallic membrane is pref. 50-2000 Angstroms thick. The dielectric membrane is thin membrane of Ti oxide, Zr oxide, Al oxide, Si oxide, Mg oxide etc. The dielectric membrane is pref. 50-1000 Angstroms thick. The thin metallic membrane and multi layer thin membrane can be coated with resin. This protective resin membrane is pref. 10-50 microns thick. Transparent base board is inorganic glass, organic glass, resin board, resin film. The resin board is polymethylmetacrylate, polycarbonate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   It is used for transparent heat line reflex film or glass. It is applied to solar cell and electroluminescent indication device. It has environment resistance under the hard conditions such as high temp. high moisture and corrosive asmos. It is produced efficiently.
Prepn. of superconducting material comprises (a) coating at least 1 microns thick C layer on a domain having at least Nb or a Nb basis alloy at surface to form composite material, (b) a NbNC basis superconducting cpd. is formed on the domain along with surface of the substrate by irradiating laser beam on surface of the C layer while relatively moving along with surface of the C layer in N2 contained atmos..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is applied to make wire having high critical current with smaller capacity YAG laser, allowing use of lower cost silica glass. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A heat resisting catalyst support consists of silica and alumina, in which silica content is 2-30 wt.%; the total micro pore volume as measured by N2 gas adsoption method is at least 0.3 ml/g. The micropores at least 100 angstrom dia. share at least 60% of the total micropore volume. The support sintered at 500 deg.C in air provides the specific 29 Si-NMR signals where the area of -110 to -130 ppm peak is 0-10% of that of -50 to 130 ppm peak. The combustion catalyst consisting of the heat resisting catalyst support and catalytic active metals ia also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for gas turbines, gas or kerosine stoves, heavy oil combustors, fuel cells, or steam reformers. The support can keep its high micropore volume and surface area even after high temp., high humidity operation. (Provisional Basic previously advised in week 9044)
2, 5-biscyanimino-2, 5 -dihydrothieno(3, 2-b)thiophene cpds. of formula (I) are new. Also new are charge transfer complexes (II) of (I) and fulvalene cpds. (III) in 1:1, 2:1, 3:2, 1:2 or 2:3 molar ratio; and new radical anion salts (IV) derived from (I), of the formulae:. In the formulae R1-2 = H, C1, Br, I, 1-20 C alkyl, 1-8 C alkoxy or a phenyl gp. (opt. substd. by 1-4 C alkyl, 1-4 C alkoxy, C1 or Br); R5-8= H, Me or Et; or R5/R6 and/or R7/R8= a gp. of the formula (v) (vi) etc. X and Y + S or Se; Mme = an m-valent alkali metal, Cu, Ag, T1, ammonium or phosphonium ion; 1 and n = 1-3; m = 1 or 2; z = 0-2; k, 1, m, n and z may be fractions and (1 + z) = n.m.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (II) and (IV) are claimed for use for antistatic finishing of plastics, as electrode and storage materials in electric batteries, for the prodn. of solar cells, in fuel cells, for the conversion of radiation or for the prodn. of electronic devices.
An electrolytic capacitor comprises a capacitor element located in a casing provided with a cap which has an explosion-proof valve of thermoplastic elastomer.    The cylindrical capacitor element impregnated with an electrolyte soln. is located in a cylindrical resin casing which is closed tightly with a resin cap member. Two lead wires are picked up through the cap member. An explosion-proof valve of a cup type, made of thermoplastic elastomer (e.g. styrene resin, olefin resin, urethane resin, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), is fitted through a through-hole provided in the cup. When the capacitor is heated or the vapour of electrolyte is issued, the explosion-proof valve acts to maintain the inner pressure to a predetermined value.    ADVANTAGE -   The explosion proof valve has high reliability against explosion owing to no change in the breaking strength caused by O3 and UV exposure. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
An electrolytic capacitor comprises a capacitor element located in a casing provided with a cap which has an explosion-proof valve of thermoplastic elastomer.    The cylindrical capacitor element impregnated with an electrolyte soln. is located in a cylindrical resin casing which is closed tightly with a resin cap member. Two lead wires are picked up through the cap member. An explosion-proof valve of a cup type, made of thermoplastic elastomer (e.g. styrene resin, olefin resin, urethane resin, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), is fitted through a through-hole provided in the cup. When the capacitor is heated or the vapour of electrolyte is issued, the explosion-proof valve acts to maintain the inner pressure to a predetermined value.    ADVANTAGE -   The explosion proof valve has high reliability against explosion owing to no change in the breaking strength caused by O3 and UV exposure. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
An electrolytic capacitor comprises a capacitor element located in a casing provided with a cap which has an explosion-proof valve of thermoplastic elastomer.    The cylindrical capacitor element impregnated with an electrolyte soln. is located in a cylindrical resin casing which is closed tightly with a resin cap member. Two lead wires are picked up through the cap member. An explosion-proof valve of a cup type, made of thermoplastic elastomer (e.g. styrene resin, olefin resin, urethane resin, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), is fitted through a through-hole provided in the cup. When the capacitor is heated or the vapour of electrolyte is issued, the explosion-proof valve acts to maintain the inner pressure to a predetermined value.    ADVANTAGE -   The explosion proof valve has high reliability against explosion owing to no change in the breaking strength caused by O3 and UV exposure. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
An electronic part is sealed with a resin by controlling the solidifying rate of sealed resin, distribution of resin pressure and flowing-in path by providing a step or core in the cavity of mould.    The sealing resin has high mechanical strength and high mouldability at lower temp. (pref. liq. crystal polyester contg. aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid gp. and/or aromatic polyesteramide gp., polyphenylene sulphide, polyamide, polyether sulphone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether ketone, etc. opt. blended with other thermoplastic rsein, a fibrous filler (e.g. glass-, asbestos-, SiO2-, SiO2/Al2O3-, SiN-, SiB3-, B-, K titanate, high melting organic fibre, etc.), a granular filler (e.g. carbon black, SiO2, quartz powder, glass beads, etc.) and a flaky filler (e.g. mica or glass flake).    ADVANTAGE -   The process provides sealed prods. having minimised deficiencies such as out of position and deformation of electronic parts and falling-down of bonding wires. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
Cu thin film covered a substrate is etched by disposing the substrate of which Cu-thin film was coated with mask material particularly on one electrode of a counter electrodes type reactive ion etching unit, heating the substrate, introducing a mixed reactive gas of SiCl4 and N2 into the unit, generating glow discharge between the counter electrodes by applying high-frequency powder to effect directional etching the Cu thin film.    USE -   For etching Cu thin film directionally. @(5pp DWg.No.1/4)@
In the mfr. of a ceramic solid electrolyte cell having a metal housing connected to a ceramic insulator, a metal member is hermetically sealed to the ceramic insulator by: metallising the latter; bringing it into contact with or closely spaced from the metal member; and electrodepositing a metal to form a hermetic seal. Metallisation is pref. by sputtering, painting, electroless plating, ion implantation, vacuum deposition or high temp. metallising.    Cell includes a separator (12) defining a tubular enclosure which is closed at one end and connected to an insulating ceramic collar (14) at the other end, the collar being connected to a metal closure (22). The metal members (16,18), comprising rings or tubes, are sealed to the ceramic collar by the above method. Metallised coatings for forming the seals are formed on the collar spaced and insulated from each other. The open end of the separator tube (12) is bonded to the ceramic collar (14) via a hermetic glass seal; and the rings and/or tubes (16,18) are welded to the housing (20) and metal closure (22) of the separator tube (12).    USE -   Esp. with tubular cells (claimed) e.g. an Na/S cell with a beta''-alumina solid electrolyte. @(25pp Dwg.No.1/14)@
A solid, multi-component membrane is claimed as are electrochemical reactor cells which contain the membrane and which are used for reacting an O2-consuming gas with an O2-contg. gas. The membrane is impervious to the O2-consuming gas and comprises (i) an intimate multi-phase mixt. of a specified electronically-conductive (EC) phase and a specified O2 ion-conductive (OIC) phase; and/or (ii) a specified single phase of mixed metal oxides having a perovskite structure and having EC and OIC properties.    USE -   The semipermeable membranes facilitate transpart from an O2-contg. to an O2-consuming gas. Claimed processes using the cells are (1) oxidising a gas (esp. CH4, natural gas, C2H6 and/or other light hydrocarbon gas) to produce synthesis gas or unsatd. hydrocarbons; (2) extracting O2 from N2O, NO, NO2, SO2 and/or SO3 (e.g. for flue or exhaust gas clean-up); and (3) ammoxidising CH4 to HCN. Other uses are in the combustion of H2 to produce water or in the splitting of steam to give H2 (used to provide fuel for a fuel cell or to hydrogenate unsatd. hydrocarbons) and O2 (used to react with e.g. CH4). @(25pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
A frameless photovoltaic solar generator for the facade of a high multi-storey building, a roof or a wintergarden, has solar cells, embedded in plastic material as a solar cell laminate and is covered by a glass plate. The rear of the generator has fixing profiles with recesses for cushion pads, made of silicone adhesive.    The solar cell laminate module (1) rests without surrounding frame directly on a T-shaped support profile (2). The flange (5) of this profile contacts the rear (3) of the solar cell module by the two end faces (10), flanking the recess (8). The elastic connecting pad (4) is made of silicone adhesive; gaps are left at both sides to permit a slight heat-induced displacement of the solar cell laminate (1).    ADVANTAGE -   Such a frameless solar generator has no reduced active surface due to a frame and has therefore an optimum area utilisation. @(8pp Dwg.No.3/7)@
A solar cell module consists of a solar cell laminate resting on a structure, designed as an angle bracket, through elastic pads. One rim of the bracket is raised above the support plane and faces the edge of the solar cell at an angle of ALPHA = 60-75 deg.    The solar cell laminate (1) rests on an angle bracket (2) consisting of the sides (3,3a) and a rim extension (4). This has an angle of ALPHA to reflect solar radiation into the solar cell. The pads (12) on which the rear (6) of the solar cell rests are made of elastic material but do not fill the recessess (11) to permit some heat-induced length changes.    ADVANTAGE -   This adds the reflected heat radiation to the gain due to the absence of any shadow from a frame, resulting in still better efficiency. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Method and appts. for increasing catalytic efficiency of electrodes, comprises (a) providing at least one electrode composed of catalytic material; (b) applying an electric current to the at least one electrode; and (c) mechanically manipulating the at least one electrode to increase the operating efficiency thereof during application of the electric current.    The manipulating comprises applying a static force or a dynamic time-varying force, which comprises compressing, twisting, tensioning, applying a shock or acoustic wave to the at least one electrode. The one electrode is provided from a sheet with a spiral cross section, in which the electrode has parallel tubular members, ceramic members having catalyst particles embedded thereon or a ceramic tube filled with catalyst powder.    ADVANTAGE -   Undesired prods. of reaction may inhibit certain electrochemical processes by the formation of gas bubbles either on the catalytic electrode, or the electrode of opposite polarity, and the method can be used to avoid the build-up of oxygen on the anode in the Jones muon fusion process or the Pons-Fleischmann cold fusion process. @(9pp Dwg.No.6/13)@
Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(JP2256167-A)      Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd.
Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Distyrylpyrazine of formula (I) is new.    In the prepn. of (I), 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (II) is reacted with 4-phenylbenzaldehyde (III) in presence of dehydrating agent (pref. benzoic anhydride) at 180-240 deg.C and crude (I) is purified by recrystallisation from xylene or sublimation.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) is quite stable toward UV-radiation, useful as laser colouring material, fluorescent materials, and photo-energy converting device,(e.g. solar cell etc.).    In an example, (II) (1.00g), (III) (7.18g), benzoic anhydride (9.95g) were heated at 200 deg.C for 21 hr.. The reaction mixt. was poured into ethanol, ppte. was filtered, washed with ether and recrystallised from xylene to give (I) (0.3g, m.pt. 310-311 deg.C (decompsn.)). @(6pp)@
Appts. to bond a plate member, onto a base member comprises a means to supply the plate member, a plate member holder, a means to turn the member over and means to it, and means to bond the plate onto pre-determined position on the base member.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used to fix a solar cell. Automatic bonding is facilitated, accompanied by high dimensional accuracy.
Electron is taken out of the electrode by redox reaction among organic substance, enzyme, and electron carrier. The organic substance comprises glucose, the enzyme comprises glucose oxidase, and the electron carrier comprises meldolablue.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The glucose biological cell is used as the cell in which organic substance is fuel to generate electric energy. Conversion efficiency and stability of the cell are good. Open circuit voltage of the cell is improved. @(9pp)
Methal cap binder for tubed bulb comrpises an inorganic filler and a foaming agent are blended with silicon resin binder basis.    ADVANTAGE -   The bulb is very seldom damaged by strain, using the binder compsn.    In an example, a metal cap binder was prepd. by mixing 18 wt.% "Toshiba silicone rubber TSE-322" (RTM) as binder basis, 75 wt.% calcium carbonate as inorganic filler, 5 wt.% xylene and 2 wt.% di-nitroso-penta-methylene-tetramine as foaming agent. The binder was coated inside a metal cap, combined with light bulb and the binder was baked. The binder expanded to fill gaps by expansion. A test of the bulb using the binder shows less defects than one without the foaming agent. @(3pp Dwg.No 0/0)
Methal cap binder for tubed bulb comrpises an inorganic filler and a foaming agent are blended with silicon resin binder basis.    ADVANTAGE -   The bulb is very seldom damaged by strain, using the binder compsn.    In an example, a metal cap binder was prepd. by mixing 18 wt.% "Toshiba silicone rubber TSE-322" (RTM) as binder basis, 75 wt.% calcium carbonate as inorganic filler, 5 wt.% xylene and 2 wt.% di-nitroso-penta-methylene-tetramine as foaming agent. The binder was coated inside a metal cap, combined with light bulb and the binder was baked. The binder expanded to fill gaps by expansion. A test of the bulb using the binder shows less defects than one without the foaming agent. @(3pp Dwg.No 0/0)
Methal cap binder for tubed bulb comrpises an inorganic filler and a foaming agent are blended with silicon resin binder basis.    ADVANTAGE -   The bulb is very seldom damaged by strain, using the binder compsn.    In an example, a metal cap binder was prepd. by mixing 18 wt.% "Toshiba silicone rubber TSE-322" (RTM) as binder basis, 75 wt.% calcium carbonate as inorganic filler, 5 wt.% xylene and 2 wt.% di-nitroso-penta-methylene-tetramine as foaming agent. The binder was coated inside a metal cap, combined with light bulb and the binder was baked. The binder expanded to fill gaps by expansion. A test of the bulb using the binder shows less defects than one without the foaming agent. @(3pp Dwg.No 0/0)
Producing hard carbon wire for use as lead wire is claimed by: (1) mixing C powder with binder contg. (a) monomer/precondensate of furan resin and (b) Cl-contg. vinyl resin and carbonised after calcining; (2) applying high shearing force to knead mixt.; (3) extrusion moulding mixt.; (4) insolubilising and infusibilising moulding; and (5) calcining moulding in inert gas atmos.    Binder comprises: (a) comprising monomer/precondensate of synthetic resin(s) having furan ring in mol. structure, including furfuryl alcohol resin, furfuryl alcohol/furfural cocondensate resin, furfural/phenol cocondensate resin, furfural/ketone cocondensate resin and furfuryl alcohol/phenol cocondensate resin; and (b) selected from chlorinated vinyl chloride resin particles, vinyl chloride resin, chlorinated vinyl chloride and chlorinated vinylidene resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Simple, inexpensive method produces corrosion-/wear-resistant, light-wt., mechanically strong lead wires with low electrical resistance for producing power to be supplied to a fuel battery.
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The non-aq. system prim. cell comprises an anode, cathode of light metal or light metal alloy, and organic electrolyte. The organic electrolyte comprises a Lewis acid double salt of formula LiXFn, where X = B, P, As or Sb, n = 4 in case that X = B, or n = 6 in case that X = P, As, or Sb. The organic electrolyte can comprise a mixed solvent of at least a cyclic carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell is safe if short-circuited. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
A fluorescent compsn. comprises contg. a pyrido(1'2':1,2) imidazo(4,5-b)pyrazine cpd. of formula (I), where each X1-4 = identical or different H, halogen, carboxy, hydroxy, formyl, amido opt. mono- or di-substd., alkyl opt. substd., alkoxy opt. substd., acryl opt. substd., alkoxycarbonyl opt. substd. aryl opt. substd. or a heterocyclic ring group opt. susbtd.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides pyrido(1',2':1,2)- imidazo(4,5-b)pyrazine cpds.(PI))P).-contg. compsns. with light wave length-shifting function, a high stokes' shift and a high quantum efficiency useful as functional dyes for wave length-shifting films, displays and light condensers for solar batteries, photosensitisers and materials for synthesising macromolecular cpds. The PIP is soluble in organic solvents such as DMF, DMSO, methanol, chloroform, acetonitrile, ethyl acette and benzene and mouldable with macromolecular cpds. such as PVC, PMMA, PSt, EVA and polyesters. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Machine (110) for making a solar collecting monorail (101) has a chamber with means for making the monorail and means for forming a solar collector layer on the monorail. The machine (110) is mounted on a track driven structure (106) and has elevation compensating means (104) for maintaining the height as the machine moves along the right of way. The machine pref. includes a mould for forming a core for hardenable liquid e.g. of cement and for containing power and communication conductors, aluminium and steel sheet materials. The machine can also have a vacuum deposition chamber for producing a solar photovoltaic layer of p- and n- silicon materials with a metallic grid conductor. A finishing chamber including a spray for applying a protective coating can also be provided.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For producing a solar panel monorail in which the excess energy can also be used for powering wheeled vehicles or to or by a remote power utility. The machine allows fabrication of the tank on site. @(12ppDwg.No.1/10)@
The source contains the semiconductor electrode, opposite polarity electrode in the form of a gas cell and an ion-conducting aq. soln. of electrolyte. If the semiconductor electrode is of p-type, then the gas cell consists of hydrogen, and if the semiconductor electrode is of n-type, then the gas cell consists of oxygen or halogen.    The source is comprised of the semiconductor electrode (1) and gas cell (2) set in a frame (3), cover plates (4,5) for both electrodes (1,2), inter-electrode space (6) joined via tubes (7,8) to a volume (9), space (10) connected via pipe (11) to a space (12) above electrolyte, tube (13) used to fill space (12) with gas and exterior electrical contacts. The light source (15) is used to illuminate the photochemical source of electrical energy.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In manufacturing of photochemical sources of electrical energy. Increased efficiency is obtd. Bul.1/7.1.90 @(4pp Dwg.No. 1/1)@
USE/ADVANTAGE -   The conductive paste is used for assembly of the semiconductor devices. The bonding property of the paste is good. Reliability of the assembled device is good.    In an example, 7.6 parts of epoxy-cpd (EP 4400 made by Asahi Denka KK), 5.6 parts of parahydroxystyrene (Maruka Rinka M made by MAZP), 0.2 parts of epoxide resin having benzophenone e radical, 10.4 parts of gamma-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn., 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN made by SHIJ), and 70 parts of silver powder to prepare the conductive paste. (2) 20.0 parts of epoxy-cpd. (Epicoat 828 made by Shell Chemical Co.), 0.1 part epoxide resin having benzophenone imide, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn.. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn. 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN), and 70 parts of silver powder were mixed to prepare the conductive paste. @(4pp DWg.No.0/0)
Highly crystalline alpha-lithium aluminate (LiAl) is produced by immersing Li aluminate powders in a molten carbonate; cooling and pulverising the mixt., dissolving the resultant powders in an organic acid water soln. to remove the carbonate. In another prodn., LiAl and carbonate powders are mixed; the mixt. is heated above 490 deg.C at least 5 hrs.; then it is cooled, pulverised and dissolved.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Stable LiAl with lower surface area can be obtd., which is used as a supporting matrix for electrolyte of molten carbonate fuel cells. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Dielectric ceramic compsn. comprises 100 pts.wt. main component of xBaO-yTiO2-zRe2O3 (x+y+z = 1.00, and Re2O3 = at least one of La2O3, Pr2O11/3, Nd2O3, and Sm2O3), and x, y, and z (in mol ratio) are within the range encircled by following pts. a, b, c, d, e and f (in triangular compsn. diagram), and 0.3-8.0 pts.wt. Nb-oxide, as converted to Nb2O5, as a sec. compsn.    USE -   For multilayer ceramic capacitors, having high permittivity, insulation resistance, dielectric breakdown voltage, and improved Q, and low temp. coefft. of electrostatic capacity. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Dielectric ceramic compsn. comprises 100 pts.wt. main component of xBaO-yTiO2-zRe2O3 (x+y+z = 1.00, and Re2O3 = at least one of La2O3, Pr2O11/3, Nd2O3, and Sm2O3), and x, y, and z (in mol ratio) are within the range encircled by following pts. a, b, c, d, e and f (in triangular compsn. diagram), and 0.3-8.0 pts.wt. Nb-oxide, as converted to Nb2O5, as a sec. compsn.    USE -   For multilayer ceramic capacitors, having high permittivity, insulation resistance, dielectric breakdown voltage, and improved Q, and low temp. coefft. of electrostatic capacity. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Dielectric ceramic compsn. comprises 100 pts.wt. main component of xBaO-yTiO2-zRe2O3 (x+y+z = 1.00, and Re2O3 = at least one of La2O3, Pr2O11/3, Nd2O3, and Sm2O3), and x, y, and z (in mol ratio) are within the range encircled by following pts. a, b, c, d, e and f (in triangular compsn. diagram), and 0.3-8.0 pts.wt. Nb-oxide, as converted to Nb2O5, as a sec. compsn.    USE -   For multilayer ceramic capacitors, having high permittivity, insulation resistance, dielectric breakdown voltage, and improved Q, and low temp. coefft. of electrostatic capacity. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Dielectric ceramic compsn. comprises 100 pts.wt. main component of xBaO-yTiO2-zRe2O3 (x+y+z = 1.00, and Re2O3 = at least one of La2O3, Pr2O11/3, Nd2O3, and Sm2O3), and x, y, and z (in mol ratio) are within the range encircled by following pts. a, b, c, d, e and f (in triangular compsn. diagram), and 0.3-8.0 pts.wt. Nb-oxide, as converted to Nb2O5, as a sec. compsn.    USE -   For multilayer ceramic capacitors, having high permittivity, insulation resistance, dielectric breakdown voltage, and improved Q, and low temp. coefft. of electrostatic capacity. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/2)
In the operation of high temp. fuel cells with ion-conductive electrolytes, in which hydrogen and oxygen-contg. ions are reacted to form water with electrical energy prodn. and in which oxygen is supplied to the cathodes in the form of an oxygen-contg. gas, the novelty is that the cathodes are supplied with oxygen-enriched gas from an air fractionator.    ADVANTAGE -   The low nitrogen content of the oxygen-enriched gas avoids polarisation and blocking of the cathodes and reduces CO2 losses since little or no nitrogen is required to be evacuated. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
A fitment on solar generators prevents static charges from accumulating between conductive surfaces and a carrier structure. The covering glass panes have on top and along the faces a conductive lining. Between these faces and the connectors of the solar cells, a non-transparent conductive adhesive joins these components conductively.    A connector (1) which is partly covered together with the solar cell (2) by a cover glass pane (6) has a bow (3) to absorb thermally induced movements. Top and faces (5) of this pane (6) are coated with indium-tin oxide (11). The gap between the faces (5) and the tab (4) of the connector is filled with a conductive substance such as an adhesive (7) of conductive elastic silicone rubber to act as a leakage path for charge carriers.    ADVANTAGE -   This dissipates static charge carriers from the surface of the cover panes without changing the resistance figures for electrically connected components. @(4op Dwg.No.2/3)@
(A) In the operation of high temp. fuel cells, in which O2 supplied to the cathodes is reacted with H2 at the anodes to form H2O with energy recovery, the novelty is that the anode off-gas contg. H2 and CO2 is treated in one or more stages and divided into sub-streams, at least one sub-stream being (partially) recycled to the anodes and opt. a further sub-stream being returned to the cathodes.    (B) Also claimed is use of the process for operating fuel cells supplied with H2 in combined form.    ADVANTAGE -   The valuable H2 content of the anode off-gas is returned to the cells to improve energy yields. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Molten carbonate fuel cell stack includes separator plates (40) and electrolyte (20) in the stack, each having an aligned perforation in each corner area forming a gas manifold (24,25) extending through the stack. Each perforation in the separator plate is surrounded by a flattened manifold wet seal structure (43) extending to contract the electrolytes on each side of the separator plate to form a separator plate/electrolyte wet seal under operating conditions.    ADVANTAGE -   Design permits full internal manifolding of fuel and oxidant gases to individual cells of the stack using conventional wet seals, with good operational life and stability. @(8pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
Process comprises mounting the sample on a stand, cooling or heating the stand, introducing heat conductive gas between the sample and the stand, and changing the coefft. of thermal conductivity of the gas. The equipment comprises a vacuum chamber, sample stand, stand cooling or heating device, and device changing thermal conductivity of the gas. For, e.g. lamination layer of wafer etching of aluminium-silicon the stand is kept at minus 80 deg.C and argon gas, 2 cc/min. is flown for etching by Cl2 gas, and the temp. of the sample was 40 deg.C and could do anistropic etching.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The temp. for processing the sample under vacuum can be changed in a wide range by changing coefft. of thermal conductivity of gas. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkaline cell comprises zinc cathode consisting of zinc powder or zinc alloy powder and ester type ethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, of which adding mol number of ethylene oxide is at least 8.    ADVANTAGE -   Zinc cathode of the cell can maintain good corrosion preventive property for long period, even when amalgamation deg. is made to up to 1.0 wt.% or zero.    In an example, 500 ppm of Pb, 500 ppm of Al, and 200 ppm of In were added to Zn to prepare Zn alloy. Then the alloy was amalgamated at 0.1 wt.%, 60 wt.% of the zinc alloy powder, 2 wt.% of gelation agent, and 38 wt.% of 40 wt.% KOH aq. soln. were mixed to obtain gelated zinc alloy powder. 20ppm of surfactant of formula CH3(CH2)10-C(O)-O-(EO)nH was added to the gelated zinc alloy powder to obtain gelated zinc cathode. Hydrogen generation from the cathode after holding it at 60 deg.C for 10 days was measured. For the surfactant in which adding mol number of ethylene oxide is at least 8, hydrogen generation was remarkably reduced. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
Electronic parts sealed with polyarylenesulphide are characterised in that the interface between sealing resin compsn. (1) and lead wire and/or lead frame of electronic parts is sealed with one-package type silicone rubber (2) cured at room temp. by de-alcoholysis and having a pre-cure viscosity of 0.1-800 poise at 25 deg.C.    (1) is pref. polyphenylenesulphide resin contg. fibrous inorganic filler; (2) is pref. de-alcoholysis type silicone resin rubber obtd. by de-alcoholysis between silanol and alkoxysilane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Excellent moisture resistance of sealed electronic parts is obtd. due to good sealing of the interface between sealing resin and lead frame and/or lead wire with silicone rubber which shows good adhesivity to metal made wire or lead frame and sealing resin. Good solder resistance is also obtd. @(8pp)
The solid electrolyte comprises electrolyte of S-hydrocarbyl acetophenone-isosemicarbazone-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (I) complex salt.    Pref. (I) is S-(1-18C) alkyl acetophenone isosemicarbazone.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic semiconductor having good heat-stability and less specific resistance value as opposed to those of conventional quinoline TCNQ can be obtd. Life of the solid electrolytic capacitor is improved.    S-methyl-acetophenone isosemicarbazone TCNQ complex salt was dissolved in acetonitrile to make satd. soln. Al foil was etched to increase its surface area ten times as much as that of the material. Then oxidized coating was formed on the surface of the foil to prepare the capacitor element. The element was soaked in the satd. soln., then dried in vacuum at 50-60 deg.C to remove acetonitrile solvent. This process was repeated three times. Then colloidal carbon was applied, then silver paste was applied on the element, and lead wire was soldered on it. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte comprises electrolyte of S-hydrocarbyl acetophenone-isosemicarbazone-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (I) complex salt.    Pref. (I) is S-(1-18C) alkyl acetophenone isosemicarbazone.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic semiconductor having good heat-stability and less specific resistance value as opposed to those of conventional quinoline TCNQ can be obtd. Life of the solid electrolytic capacitor is improved.    S-methyl-acetophenone isosemicarbazone TCNQ complex salt was dissolved in acetonitrile to make satd. soln. Al foil was etched to increase its surface area ten times as much as that of the material. Then oxidized coating was formed on the surface of the foil to prepare the capacitor element. The element was soaked in the satd. soln., then dried in vacuum at 50-60 deg.C to remove acetonitrile solvent. This process was repeated three times. Then colloidal carbon was applied, then silver paste was applied on the element, and lead wire was soldered on it. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
(I) Electrode (I) comprises porous, electrically conductive polymeric support with electrochemically active heavy metal (II) deposited therein, obtainable by anodically coating electrochemically a support of C fibre fabric or C fibre woven material with conductive polymer using electrolyte contg. the dissolved conductive polymer, wherein, (a) electrolyte contains (II) as complex ions or (II) is subsequently introduced introduced into deposited polymer from the electrolyte (b) to form zero-valent metal within structure of conductive polymer, the complex ions are reduced chemically or, by pole-reversal of current direction, electro-chemically such that (II) occurs in the conductive polymer in unclustered form. (2) Fuel cell contains one or more (I) having as anode polymer structure contg. as (II) Pt(o), Pd(o), Ru(o), Ir(o) or Sn(o) and as cathode the polymer structure contg. Ag(o), Pd(o), or Co(o), deposited simultaneously or consecutively.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Partic. for installation in fuel cells to be operated with MeOH. Use of liq. rather than gaseous fuel facilitates sealing and feeding of fuel, max. catalytic effect and electrical conductivity are obtd. with min. internal transition resistances. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Mfr. of a Cu2S/CdSe solar cell includes the following steps: (a) the CdS layer with 5-10 micron grain size is made by sintering for 1.5-2 hr at 600-700 deg.C after compacting CdS powder under 100-200 kg/sq.cm pressure; (b) the sintered CdS is dipped in CuCl solution for 10-30 sec. to form a Cu2S after etching the CdS surface in HCl.; (c) an electrode is formed with Al and Ag paste by heat treatment for 10-15 minute at 150-200 deg
Appts. to heat treat prod. contg. bacteria comprises cylindrical multi-pipe type heat exchangers composed of many heat exchanging units forming a prod. flow passage and thermal medium flow passage; the units selectively connectable in series.    USE -   For high freq. treating milks. @(20pp Dwg.No.1/22)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Prepn. of transparent polyamide comprises the reaction of aromatic diamine of formula (I) or (II) and aromatic dicarboxylic acid of formula (III) or its acid deriv. where, Z and Z' are each -O-, -SO2- or -CH2-, etc.; R1-R8 are each same or different alkyl gp. Aromatic diamine is pref. mixt. of formula (I) by 50-10 mol% and of (II) by 50-90 mol%. Aromatic dicarboxylic acid (III) is pref. mixt. of terephthalic acid by 50-90 mol% and isophthalic acid by 50-10 mol.%. Aromatic polyamide compsn. is soln. of the aromatic polyamide dissolved in organic polar solvent.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polyamide and the compsn. are useful as electric/electronic material, e.g. protection film for optical sensor, image forming material, orientation film for colour liq. crystal, solar cell, etc. The polyamide and the compsn. have superior colourless transparency, heat resistance and processability to produce a film at relatively low temp. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Porous lithium aluminate particles are produced by combining a smaller number of silica particles and a larger number of alumina particles to form larger particles; heating the larger particles in Li-contg. carbonate at 500-1000 deg. C to dissolve the silica particles in the carbonate to form lithium aluminate larger particles with pores; and cooling the larger particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Larger porous lithium aluminate particles having a desired pore size can be obtd. simply. Used to produce an electrolyte plate for molten carbonate fuel cells. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Semiconductor device consists of 1st and 2nd semiconductor layers formed on a substrate, the layers have the same compsn. and different band gaps.    ADVANTAGE -   Heterojunction having the same compsn. and different gaps can be formed, so that semiconductor device having superlattice construction in width direction can be formed and barrier for shutting up carrier can be formed. (7pp Dwg.No.1,2/7)@
Semiconductor device consists of 1st and 2nd semiconductor layers formed on a substrate, the layers have the same compsn. and different band gaps.    ADVANTAGE -   Heterojunction having the same compsn. and different gaps can be formed, so that semiconductor device having superlattice construction in width direction can be formed and barrier for shutting up carrier can be formed. (7pp Dwg.No.1,2/7)@
The holder at least the inside surface of which is composed of a ceramics contg. Si3N4 or sialon as a main component.    USE -   For holder for cpd. moulded prod. of Mn-dry cells, having high wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The holder at least the inside surface of which is composed of a ceramics contg. Si3N4 or sialon as a main component.    USE -   For holder for cpd. moulded prod. of Mn-dry cells, having high wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Prepn. of silicon thin ribbon by spraying molten silicon from a nozzle toward a cooler to solidify comprises a process of solidifying molten silicon by spraying it from a nozzle toward a moving flat coolerr chilled internally, with the distance from the nozzle to the cooler being adjusted depending on the width of the silicon thin ribbon to be made, a process of melting again the other side of the silicon thin ribbon which does not face the moving flat cooler by heating to temps. above the m.pt. of silicon and a process of cooling slowly the silicon ribbon by placing it in a constant temp. furnace.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The silicon thin ribbons obtd. can be used as polycrystal silicon substrates used in solar batteries. The thickness of the silicon thin ribbons obtd. is uniform, with the thicknesses in the middle and at the edges being almost the same. Wide silicon thin ribbons with large crystal sizes can be produced efficiently. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/2)
A method for forming an amorphous semiconductor thin film on a substrate (1) comprises a reactor fitted with a high frequency electrode (4) for generating glow discharge in a reactive gas introduced via flowmeters (9). AC voltage (5) and DC voltage (8) are applied independently to the electrode (4). Pref. the substitute is glass, or is electrically conductive. The DC voltage is pref. in range +200 to -200 V.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Produces high quality semiconductor thin film having good photo-electric properties for e.g. solar cells at high deposition rates with good reproductibility.
A cpd. is claimed, of the formula ZnO1-xFx, where x = 0.001-0.1. Mfr. of the cpd. comprises: (1) forming a vapour mixt. of volatile Zn-contg., O-contg. and F-contg. cpds.; and (2) exposing the mixt. to a heated substrate, to deposit a film of the cpd. on the substrate.    In the formula, x is pref. 0.002-0.2 esp. 0.005-0.01. The volatile Zn-contg. cpd. is a dialkyl zinc, pref. diethyl zinc. The volatile O-contg. cpd. is an alcohol, pref. ethanol. The volatile F cpd. is a fluorocarbon (most pref. hexafluoropropene), or nitrogen trifluoride.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The films have high visible transparency, high electrical conductivity and high UV absorption. These properties make them suitable for use in liq. crystal display devices, solar cells, electrochromic absorbers and reflectors, energy conserving heat mirrors, and anti-static coatings. @(13pp Dwg. No. 5/5)@
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
A method of forming a continuous coating on a structure comprises, continuously introducing and withdrawing sufficient quantity of vapour into an evacuated chamber contg. the structure to provide a vapour pressure of 0.001-300 Torr. The vapour consists of a Si-contg. cyclobutane (I) and diluent inert gas, where (I) is selected from the gp. consisting essentially of silacyclobutanes of formula (I) and 1,3-disilacyclobutanes of formula (II), where, R = independently selected from the gp. consisting of H, F and hydrocarbon radicals having 1-4C atoms; R1 = independently selected from the gp. consisting of H and hydrocarbon radicals having 1-4C atoms, and followed by decomposition of (I) by using a plasma discharge, with frequency of about 25 KHz - 3 GHz and produced by AC or DC current, within the chamber contg. the structure at 20-about 600 deg. C. An electronic device contg. multilayers of metalisation separated by an insulating layer formed by the method described above is also claimed.    USE -   /ADVNATAGE - An efficient and safe method of continuous coatings contg. amorphous silicon carbide on structures are obtd. The coatings have useful properties such as corrosion and abrasion resistance and are highly electrically insulating. These coatings are used in photovoltaic devices, where they serve as relatively large band gap "windows" in the top layer of a solar cell.
Sheet (1) of polyimide is shaped by placing it on the shaped surface of a die (2), sealing its edges to the die, and applying a vacuum between it and the die surface to draw it into contact with the surface. The die and sheet are placed in a gas contg. autoclave whilst maintaining the vacuum. The autoclave is sealed and heated to 150-250 deg.C, depending on sheet thickness, and the pressure inside it is raised to 5-15 bar depending on sheet thickness and selected temp.. The selected temp. and pressure are maintained for 3-15 minutes following which the temp. is reduced to 25-125 deg.C whilst maintaining the selected pressure before removing the pressure to ambient and removing the shaped sheet (5) from the autoclave and die.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Polyimide sheet is shaped .for applications in the design and construction of space equipment, esp. protective interleafing for constructing solar cell arrays, the shaped polyimide sheet having projections or pimples separating and supporting the cells in a folded or rolled up stowage position. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
(A) Prodn. of a flat-sided solid electrolyte housing, for use as an electrode holder in an electrochemical cell, invovles; (a) prepg. a mouldable mixt. contg. solid electrolyte (precursor) particles, a binder with thermoplastic properties and a binder with setting properties; (b) moulding the mixt. to form sheet material; (c) forming the sheet materiala into a flat-sided housing with a pair of major faces connected together along a peripheral edge of the housing; (d) inserting spacers and reinforcements between the major faces before bonding the peripheral edge, the spacers and reinforcements being designed and located to hold the major faces apart and to strengthen the siouting against damage caused by forces which act on the major faces and which tend to press the major faces together; (e) hardening the hardenable binder(s); (f) heating the housing for binder removal; and (g) sintering to form a sintered refractory housing.    (B) a flat-sided solid electrolyte housing, made by the process, is also claimed.    USE -   The housing is useful as an electrode holder in a rechargeable high temp. electrochemical cell, e.g. Na-S cell.
Wire comprises high-purity Au, to which 3-10 wt.ppm Y, 1-50 wt. ppm Ca, and 1-10 wt.ppm Be are added in a total amt. of 10-110 wt. ppm.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for bonding electrodes on semiconductor devices and outer leads, having good heat resistance. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The method comprises contacting H with one electrode of an ionic conductor having catalytic electrodes, and an aromatic cpd. and O2 with the other electrode to obtain a partial oxide of the aromatic cpd. by fuel cell system.    Pref., the method includes making Cu, Fe and/or Sn exist with the aromatic cpd.. The method including that the catalytic electrodes comprise Pd, Pt and/or Au, or its cpd. or a mixt. of them. Pref., the cathode comprises Pd or Au and reaction temp. is (-)5-150 deg.C..    ADVANTAGE -   The method produces a partial oxide of an aromatic cpd., e.g. phenols, quinones, etc., under mild conditions by a direct single step without other auxiliary materials, a lot of by-prods. and danger of explosion. The electric power can be obtd. by the method as required. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Novel naphthalocyanine cpds. are of formula (I). In (I), X = gp. (i); R1 and R2 = hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy. M = 2H, a metal atom, a metal oxide or chloride residue. Prepn. of cpd. (I) via a claimed intermediate of formula (II) is claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cpds. (I) are dyestuffs that strongly absorb light in the near infrared region. They are chemically stable and highly soluble in an organic solvent. These properties make them suitable for forming uniform recording medium layers without dissolving the substrate. They can be used in optical discs, compact discs, laser printers, etc. Cpds. (I) that absorb between 780-830nm are used in AlGaAs semiconductor lasers. The absorption spectrum is altered by a change in organic solvent. @(30pp Dwg.No.1/18)@
Composite tape or multilayer ceramic, wherein layers sinter at different rates, sinters at 1300 deg.C to form layer of stabilized zirconia of 95% density and layer(s) of (i) lanthanum manganite (LN) with up to 70% density or (ii) strontium lanthanum manganite (SLM) with 50-60% density; there is no significant Mn migration into Zr02 layer. Mfr. is from (1) LM or SLM powder which is agglomerated by presintering and then crushed to pass 53 micron and (2) small particle size, stabilized zirconia powder. Components are formed into individual slurries and cast to form composite by one of (1) forming SLM or LM tape on moulding surface and then forming ZrO2 tape on 1st tape, (2) forming composite as in (1) and folding to form central ZrO2 layer, (3) following procedure of (1) and forming 2nd layer of LSM either by direct casting on to ZrO2 layer or by forming separate layer and laminating thereon or (4) forming each layer separately on moulding surface and laminating. Each tape is dried and cured at each stage and laminates are pressed as necessary. @(14pp Dwg.No.0/0)
An array of apertures is formed in an Al foil used in the fabrication of solar cells by: providing a flexible Ali foil having a thin surface oxide; embossing foil at predetermined spaced unconnected locations to provide regions of reduced thickness; etching the Al foil to remove regions of reduced thickness to provide apertures.    PROCESS - Al foil, 2 mil thick, with native oxide on its surface, is embossed with circular geometric shapes in a periodic arrangement, e.g. 16 mil centres, with the reduced thickness embossment being of slightly smaller diam. than the spheres to be disposed in them. Foil cleaned to remove organics followed by etching with hot NaOH or KOH to remove embossed regions. The embossed regions are removed prior to the remainder of the foil because of the reduced thickness, and because of the cold working of the embossment process.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Forming an array of small apertures in Al foil for receiving semiconductor spheres in the production of solar arrays. The method is economical and the array is flexible with the Al acting as a reflector.
(JP2215054-A)      Sealing material compsn. for cable, is mixt. of 100 wt. parts hydrophobic sealing basis material, 0.1-50 wt. parts water absorbing resin (A) and at least 0.1 wt. part cpd. (B) having general formula R2X-(-R1-X-)-n-R3 (1) where X=0 or N-R4, R1=alkylene group of 2-4C, R2,R3,R4=independently H or monovalent organic gp., and n=an 1-10,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is applied to optical cable, with high water swelling rate as it immediately stops aq. fluid penetrating the cable.
Electronic part is covered by a protection film of laminated plastic layer and heat sealable thermoplastic binder layer. The protection film is directly dused, and heat sealed. The part is sealed to satsify equations (I), (II) and (III), where d1(mm) = thick and t1= moisture permeability of the binder, d2(mm) = thick and t2 = moisture permeability of the film, w(mm) = width of sealed end.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is used in prodn. of solar cell etc. with extended effective surface and improved life.    In an example, indium oxide film of 100 Angstrom thickness for improved moisture proof and adhesion is coated on 200 microns thick PET film by sputtering (moisture permeability = 0.03 gr.mm/sq.m. day), 100 microns thick EVA copolymer resin film (moisture permeability = 0.03 gr.mm/sq.m.day) as protection layer is laminate on the oxide film face by extrusion. A solar cell made of amorphous Si is lapped by the protection film and sealed at the end as 1.5 mm width by hot roll of 150 deg.C to form solar cell module. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Organic thin film El element comprises (a) an organic fluorescent think film layer in a pair of electrode of which at least an electrode is transparent and (b) a hole conductive organic thin film layer of at least an electron acceptable organic molecular added an organic cpd. having porphyrin ring or phthalocyanine ring structure or, an electron conductive organic thin film layer of at least an electron donor organic - molecular is added to the organic cpd., is laminated at least at a side of the organic fluorescent thin film layer.    ADVANTAGE -   The EL element has fairly improved luminous characteristics and reliability. @(8pp Dwg.No.2,3/5)@
A device for treatment by ion beam comprises a vaccum container contg discharge gas and treated matter, hot cathodefor discharing electron into the container by heating, an electrode for accerelating ion in plasma by supplying power, auxilliary electrode for changing speed of the ion corresponding to voltage level of supplied power, power source for outputting power for decerelating, and a switching mechanism for supplying power to either accerelating power or decerelating power to the auxilliary electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Since inner wall of vacuum container can be washed without arranging partic ion source for washing cost of the device can be reduced.@(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A device for treatment by ion beam comprises a vaccum container contg discharge gas and treated matter, hot cathodefor discharing electron into the container by heating, an electrode for accerelating ion in plasma by supplying power, auxilliary electrode for changing speed of the ion corresponding to voltage level of supplied power, power source for outputting power for decerelating, and a switching mechanism for supplying power to either accerelating power or decerelating power to the auxilliary electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Since inner wall of vacuum container can be washed without arranging partic ion source for washing cost of the device can be reduced.@(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A device for treatment by ion beam comprises a vaccum container contg discharge gas and treated matter, hot cathodefor discharing electron into the container by heating, an electrode for accerelating ion in plasma by supplying power, auxilliary electrode for changing speed of the ion corresponding to voltage level of supplied power, power source for outputting power for decerelating, and a switching mechanism for supplying power to either accerelating power or decerelating power to the auxilliary electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Since inner wall of vacuum container can be washed without arranging partic ion source for washing cost of the device can be reduced.@(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The wire has coating of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% ethylene and 35-65 mol% tetrafluoroethylene. M100 value of the coating at 320 deg. C is 1.5-27 kg/cm2, and tensile elongation of it is at least 50%.    Crosslinking agent of at least one of triallylisocyanurate and triallylcyanurate is added to the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% of ethylene and 35-65 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene before forming process or during forming process of the copolymer. Then the copolymer is crosslinked by irradiation.    ADVANTAGE -   Properties of the electric wire are improved. @(5pp)
The wire has coating of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% ethylene and 35-65 mol% tetrafluoroethylene. M100 value of the coating at 320 deg. C is 1.5-27 kg/cm2, and tensile elongation of it is at least 50%.    Crosslinking agent of at least one of triallylisocyanurate and triallylcyanurate is added to the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% of ethylene and 35-65 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene before forming process or during forming process of the copolymer. Then the copolymer is crosslinked by irradiation.    ADVANTAGE -   Properties of the electric wire are improved. @(5pp)
Appts. comprises a photovoltaic generator having module(s) comprising a gp. of series-connected cells connected so that the cell gp. has a negative and a positive terminal. Two protection plates sandwich the gp. of cells, one plate being transparent to admit light to its cells raising the positive terminal, connected to a load, to a positive potential and hence supplying the load with electrical current. A metal frame seals the periphery of the two plates, the frame connected to a point on the circuit and raised to a potential higher, equal or slightly less than the raised potential of the positive terminal of the cell gp. The connection between the frame and circuit has a resistor to limit the current intensity following inadvertent connection to the negative terminal, and a fuse to interrupt the connection when the current intensity exceeds a pre-determined limit.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Useful as a photovoltaic generator supplying electrical current to building, pumping stations radio beacons etc. by connecting the frame surrounding the module of cells, to the circuit to the load and raising the potential of the frame, corrosion of the module is reduced. @(20pp Dwg.No.4/8)@
Forming metal oxide films on substrate comprises projecting an atomised or gasified starting material on to the heated substrate in two stages. In the first stage the substrate is held at a temp., which favours the formation of a film having a high deg. of cystal orientation but relatively low light transmission. In the second stage, the temp. is higher but orientation builds on that of the first stage and favours high light transmission.    The temp. in the first stage is 350 to 450 deg.C for atomised material and 350 to 420 deg.C for gasified material. The temp. in the second stage may be e.g. 80 to 130 deg.C higher than the first stage.    The starting materials may comprise stannic chloride, indium chloride or titanium chloride each of which form their corresponding oxides, SnO2, In2O3 or TiO2. The substrate may be soda lime glass.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Transparent conductive films used in solar cells or liq. crystal displays. The oxide of the film has a high degree of orientation, low resistance and good light transmission. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
New polyimide contains repeat unit of formula (I): (where, Ro = tetravalent organic gp.). The polyimide contains pref. more than 50 wt.% of the repeat unit of formula (I) in mol. The polyimide has pref. mol. wt. of at least 50000. The polyimide is pref. membrane with a thickness of 5-150 microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The new polyimide is useful for making base film for magnetic recording material e.g. magnetic tape, disk etc., passivation membrane for semiconductor device e.g. IC, LSI, solar cell etc. The polyimide has superior moisture resistance and the membrane made of the polyimide shows very limited dimensional change due to the change of temp. and humidity. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
In an electrically insulating piping, the insulator part such as ceramics, e.g., zirconia, etc., of the pipe is provided with a metal of the same compsn. as the pipe or a mixt. of a metal weldable to the pipe and an electric insulator such as annular zirconia ceramic part.    The mixt. has a perfect electric insulator layer at the centre and the metal layers on both ends, and the metal-insulator mixed layer in which the mixing ratios of the insulator constituting the insulator layer and the metal are varied continuously is provided between the electrically insulating layer and the metal layer in such a way as to reduce the thermal stress of the mixt. to a min..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The piping to be used in fuel cell-power generating plant, etc., has high sealing function and a simple and compact structure and can be used at high temperatures at low cost for piping and joint structures. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/4)
System for automatic adjusting central axis of electron beam including an electron gun, a device for adjusting central axis of the beam by applying Lorentz force to the beam and a device for detecting amount of coincidence of central axis of the beam with central axis of electro-optical system further includes device for judging whether alignment is obtd. and for outputting signal when alignment is not obtd. and a device for controlling the alignment in response to the signal.    ADVANTAGE -   Central axis of electron beam can be adjusted automatically in transition period. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/5)@
Water purifier has a housing (32) which buoyantly supports the purifier and carries a solar cell (14) above the water to be purified, and a purification device (16) depending from the housing so as to be immersed in the water to be treated and to electrolytically treat the water, the purification device being electrically connected to the solar cells to operate the device when the purifier is positioned in the water to be treated.    Pref. has a sacrificial anode providing ions for purifying water and a cathode providing a plating surface, and releasing oxygen into the water. In addition the anode and cathode may provide electrocution of germs by contact. The sacrificial anode may be of an alloy of materials selected from gold, silver, copper, platinum, zinc, aluminium and titanium.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Purficn. of water in pools, spas, hot tubs, lakes, ponds and marshes. Purificn. process requires no outside power source or chemicals, yet provides efficient removal of water borne bacteria or air borne microorganisms. The device is simple yet provides a number of different germ killing mechanisms.
Alkali cell having a zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a catnodic material comprises 0.001-1.0 wt.% of cpd. expressed equation (I) is added to 100 wt.% of the zinc alloy powders. (where R = remains atomic gp. of H is subtracted from aliphatic hydrocarbon.) Opt. catnode activator of 0.001-1.0 wt.% cpd. of formula (I) is coated on 100 wt.% of the Zinc alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell has improved property, since H2 generation is restrained at up to 0.2 wt.% Hg to zinc alloy powders. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
Semiconductor device has a heteroepitaxial layer having lattice constant (c) which is different from that of the substrate. An intermediate layer between the substrate and the epitaxial layer includes at least one strain super lattice construction formed by 1st layer having lattice constant (a1), 2nd layer having lattice constant (a2), 3rd layer having lattice constant (a1) and 4th layer having lattice constant (a3). Either the lattice constant (a2) or lattice constant (a3) is larger than the lattice constant (a1), the other is smaller than the lattice constant (a1) and average lattice constant of the strain super lattice construction is nearly equal to the lattice constant (c).    ADVANTAGE -   Since average lattice constant is nearly equal to lattice constant of epitaxial layer, restriction for total thickness of strain super lattice construction can be eased. Strain super lattice having clear hetero boundary can be formed easily to provide semiconductor device having hetero epitaxial layer of low defect lattice. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/7)@
Device with a vacuum container and a magnet for generating plasma by magnetic field and for treatment sample by the plasma, has surface of inner wall of the container which contacts the plasma covered by superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Since charge particle in plasma is diffused along line of magnetic force which does not enter the superconductor, collision of the particle to provide contamination can be avoided. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Method comprises (1) mixing a hydrophobic organic substance, and a ferrocene deriv. as the micelle-forming agent, with a non-aq. solvent; (2) drying the mixt.; (3) adding the dry prod. to an aq. media to prepare a micelle soln.; and (4) applying electricity to the mixt. to deposit a thin film of the hydrophobic organic substance on the electrode.    Pref. the micelle-forming agent is added pref. for 0.5-5 mM. Electricity is applied to the mixt. pref. at 5-40 deg.C, at 0.1-0.7 V, for 15 min. to 2 hrs.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides partic., thin (mono-dispersed) organic thin films useful as materials for optical discs, optical memories, PHB's, light-sensitive materials, photochromic materials, colour filters, solar cells, electronic materials, and coating materials. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/8)
Method comprises: mixing (a) a soln. prepd. by dissolving a hydrophobic organic substance in non-aq. solvent, (b) an aq. media, and (c) a ferrocene deriv. as the micelle-forming agent; and applying electricity to the mixt. to deposit thin film of the hydrophobic organic substance on the electrode.    Pref. the micelle-forming agent is added pref. for 0.5-5 mM. Electricity is applied to the mixt. pref. at 20-30 deg.C, at 0.1-0.5V.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides partic. thin (mono-dispersed) organic thin films useful as materials for optical discs, optical memories, PHB's, light-sensitive materials, photochromic materials, colour filters, solar cells, electronic materials, and coating materials. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/5)
The cathode material comprises an electrolyte and a zinc alloy powder with an additive of formula (I) where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, (I) is added in amt. 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for Cu alkaline cell. Generation of hydrogen gas is suppressed at low Hg content of up to 0.2 wt%. Cell capability is improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
The cathode material comprises an electrolyte and a zinc alloy powder with an additive of formula (I) where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, (I) is added in amt. 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for Cu alkaline cell. Generation of hydrogen gas is suppressed at low Hg content of up to 0.2 wt%. Cell capability is improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
Compact has the compsn. 6-10 mol% Y2O3, 8-12 mol% TiO2, and balance ZrO2, and comprises internally cubic grains having tetragonal phase.    The compact is made by compacting powder comprising 6-10 mol% Y2O3, 8-12 mol% TiO2, and balance ZrO2, firing the compact at 1400-1600 deg.C, hot isostatic pressing the sintered compact, and ageing in oxidising atmos. at 1000-1500 deg.C.    USE ADVANTAGE -   For oxygen sensors, oxygen pressure measuring cells, and fuel cells, having excellent oxygen ion conductivity. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/1)
Carbon thin plates are produced by mixing flake carbon (a) and carbon black (b) with thermosetting resin (c); impregnating the resultant conductive varnish into cellulose paper of firl to form prepreg; then piling up and firing the prepreg.    (Claimed) The mixing ratio of (a) to (b) is pref. 10-50 wt.% to 50-90 wt.%. The total amt. of (a)+(b) mixed with (c) is pref. 2-50 wt.%.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Carbon thin plates having an improved bending strength of 2000 kg/cm2, a lower electrical resistance of 2700 micro-ohm.cm, and a lower gas permeability of 1x10power-5 cc/cm2 (1 atm. N2) can be obtd., which are used as a separator for phosphoric acid type fuel cells.    In an example, the flake carbon powders with 30 micron average dia. and carbon black with 50 nm average dia. were mixed in 3:7 by weight; 20 wt.% of the mixt. were mixed with 'Resitop PL-2211' (RTN, phenolresin soln., Gunei Kagaku Corp.). The resultant varnish was impregnated in cellulose paper; 15 sheets of paper were piled up and hot-pressed to a 2.0 mm thick plate, which was then fired at 1000 deg.C in N2 atmos. to form a carbon thin plate. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Hydrocarbon or alcohol is supplied to denaturing reactor, where the fuel is denatured with steam to denatured gas contg. high concn. of hydrogen that is then sent to fuel cell. When the system is out of motion, inter purge gas is supplied to denaturing reactor in reverse direction to running time, and purges the residual combustible gas in the system. The system is equipped with reverse flow piping system of purge gas, temp. sensor that detects the temp. change of the catalyst in the denaturing reactor that is caused by the completion of the redn. of catalyst, controller that switches the valves on and off.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in the fuel cell electric generating system and is applicable to the redn./ of denaturing catalyst that is oxidised by the small amt. of oxygen in the purge gas in the urin rOCS. ThOXiiS CtYSl iS rnCr fficinlly in short time. The appts. is minimised. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) consisting of polyethyleneoxide(PEO) and/or its ether and alkali metal salt of perfluoro hydrocarbon sulphonate. The PEO consists of PEO with larger mol. wt. and PEO with smaller mol. wt..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as an ion conductor for electrochemical devices like solid state batteries, electrochromic displays, fuel cells, or ion or gas sensors. The SPE has a higher ionic conductivity, a higher mechanical strength, and a good workability.    In an example, a soln. was prepd. by mixing 1 wt.% polyethylene glycol with 13000 mol. wt., 1.0 wt.% tetraethylene glycol, 0.4 wt.% lithium trifluoromethane sulphonate, and 97.6 wt.% water; the soln. was cast on a glass plate and dried to form a lithium ion conductive SPE with 20000 ohm.cm resistivity. @(3pp DWg.No.0/0)
Solid polymer electrolyte composite consists of perfluorosulphonate polymer and/or its salt and polyethylene glycol and/or its ether.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as an ion conductor for electrochemical devices like batteries, electrochromic displays, fuel cells, or ion or gas sensors. The composite has a lower resistance for ionic conduction. The resistance is less dependent on humidity.    In an example, 'Nafion'(RTN, perfluorosulphonate polymer, Du Pont Corp.) was ion-exchanged with Li ions; the polymer was dissolved in 5 wt.% in a 1:1 mixed soln. of iso- and n-propanol; 10 pts. wt. of tetraethylene-glycoldimethylether and 4 pts. wt. of lithium perfluoromethanesulphonate (w.r.t. 100 pts. wt. of the polymer) were mixed with the soln.; the mixt. was cast on a plate with Au electrodes and dried. @(4pp DWg.No.1/1)@
The device comprises a high frequency induction heating coil in a chamber, and a ring of oxygen supplying material under the heating coil. A means to move the material up and down is provided.    USE -   A mass quantity of oxygen can be supplied using the form of a ring. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
The composite resistor is composed of BaTiO3-ASnO3 solid soln., where A is at least one of Ca, Sr and Ba and ASnO3 comprises 5-25%, with 1-10 pts. wt. of SnO2 added to 100 pts. wt. of the solid soln..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite resistor is manufactured at low cost by this method. It is applicable to semiconductor and filter.    In an example, BaCO3, CaCO3, TiO2 and SnO2 were mixed at the stoichiometry of BaTiO3: CaSnO3=92:8, calcined at 1300 deg. C for 2 hrs and ground. 0.5 wt.% of SnO2 was added with 1 pt. wt. of PVA binder, dried, granulated, moulded and heated at 1370 deg.C. Its permittivity at 25 deg.C was 6800 and its volume resistivity at 25 deg.C was 420 ohm cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
In a heat transfer sheet shaped into a sheet comprising a silicone resin contg. a heat transfer material (1), e.g. metal oxide, the improvement comprises laminating and shaping into one sheet a soft and easily deformable silicone resin layer (2) on a silicone resin layer (3) having a strength sufficient for the treatment.    (1) is pref. BN or a metal oxide having high thermal conductivity, (2) is silicone gel, and (3) is a strength holding layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cooling structure of integrated circuit element used for electronical circuits. The heat transfer sheet absorbs thermal deformation. Thermal conductivity is 0.01-0.04 W/cm deg. C. @(3pp Dwg.No 0/0)
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
(JP2195653-A)      Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes).
In oxide or In/Sn oxide powder has a particle size 0.01-1 micron, BET surface 15-50 sq.in/g. and a particle dia. distribution specific surface area of 2-5 sq.m/g. A pref. material is ITO contg. 80-98 wt.% In2O3, balance SnO2. The material is prepd. by co-pptn. of In and Sn salts, and calcining at 300-800 deg.C. The material is then pref. vibration pulverised.    USE -   In mfr. of sintered, high density, low resistance sputter targets for sputtering high quality ITO films (claimed). Used in transparent electrode or touch panel of solar cell or LCD. @(19pp Dwg.No.3/8)@
Electrocatalyst comprises a conductive carrier and a Pt-Fe-Co-Cu quaternary ordered alloy of (in at.%): 40-70% Pt, 9-27% Fe, 9-27% Co and 9-27% Cu, dispersed in and on the carrier. Pref. the alloy has an average crystallite size not above 100 Angstrom, esp. not above 50 Angstrom, and is dispersed on a conductive C powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In an acid electrolyte fuel cell. Catalyst has high activity and long active life. @(19pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Continuous vapour deposition system for depositing amorphous' Si onto substrate sheets includes: first isolation module for receiving substrate sheets; a deposition module for deposition of amorphous Si by continuous glow discharge; and a second isolation module for receiving the coated substrates.    Conveyors each with their own separate drive are provided in each module; and independently operable gate valves isolate the modules. A source of back-fill gas intermittently supplies the gas to the isolation modules.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used esp. in mfr. of amorphous Si semiconductor photo-cell devices, esp. p-i-n structures. Continuous operation is facilitated, with no cross-contamination of gases between the deposition modules. @(44pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
An inexpensive method of forming a gp. IIb metal telluride film on a substrate comprises depositing a Te layer and a gp. IIb metallic layer, consisting of the element and a gp. IIb halide, and heating to cause reaction to give a single film. Also claimed is a method of making a thin photovoltaic cell on a substrate (10, 11) comprising depositing a semiconductor layer (12) followed by the deposition method above to give a telluride film (13) and obtain a rectifying junction in situ between the layers.    Pref. Te is deposited first, pref. the single layer is of CdxZn1-xTe, where x = 0-1, pref. the metal layer comprises an alloy of any two elements from Zn, Cd and Hg. Pref. the layer consists of two elemental sub-layers. Pref. the telluride contains a dopant, pref. added by dipping the unreacted film into ionic, dopant-contg. electrolyte. Pref. heating is at 250-700 (pref. 400-650) deg.C, pref. for a few minutes to a few hours, pref. 5-60 minutes. Pref. heating is carried out in dopant-contg. vapour. Pref. the film formed is 1-2 microns thick. Pref. the halide is CdCl2 or ZnCl2 and is pref. added by dipping the unreacted layers into a halide soln. before heating. Pref. heating is carried out in halide vapour.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Methods of making thin gp. IIb telluride films and photovoltaic cells contg. these (claimed) are provided. These are useful in prepg. II-VI cpd voltaic devices, esp. solar cells. The method is simple and economical produces thin films without pinholes and the layers are easily doped.
A phosphoric acid fuel cell, rendered corrosion resistant by a coating of Cr-fluorocarbon composite, comprises an H2-oxidn. anode and O2-reduction cathode which are externally electrically connected and contact an H3PO4 electrolyte impregnated in a matrix, and corrosion-prone ducts for supplying an H2-rich gas, O2, and removing prod. water from the cathode. The ducts are coated with a Cr-fluorocarbon composite, comprising a layer of pore (16)-contg. Cr (10) plated onto duct surfaces (14) and a perfluoroalkoxy polymer (18) filling the pores (16), which protects the ducts from the H3PO4 and adheres well to the surface. Also claimed is a method of generating electricity in a corrosion-resistant fuel cell as above, with the H2 being oxidised at the anode to give H+, which flows to the cathode, and electrons into the external circuit, and the O2 being reduced at the cathode. The fuel cell is subject to thermally induced duct expansion and contraction cycles when reactant supply is periodically terminated, and the coating protects the ducts from corrosion during such cycles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A corrosion-resistant phosphoric acid fuel cell and method of generating electricity with this cell (claimed) are provided. Duct corrosion caused by the acid is prevented, even during thermal expansion and contraction cycles, and fuel cell reliability is increased. Also cheaper materials may be used for the ducts and manifolds. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A metal-air battery with easily removable well-sealed anodes, has one or more cells each comprising frames (40) having opposed faces with air cathodes (52) sealed into them, and access openings (60) into which replaceable anode blanks (62), comprising consumable (64) and protruding (66) ends, are inserted, the openings being sealed by a labyrinth seal (68) moulded directly onto the anode blank between the two ends.    Also claimed is a metal-air battery as above comprising several adjacent aligned cells, an aligned cathode bus (22) for each cell, an anode blank (62) with means for replaceably positioning the blanks within the electrolyte chambers (50) and with the anode ends (66) giving contact edges (20) in the same plane with the cathode bus sections. Further claimed is a metal-air battery as above in which each labyrinth seal is of elastomer rubber, comprising several tapered lobes pressing against the frame opening, and there are means for circulating electrolyte.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A metal-air battery (claimed) with easily removable anodes and an effective anode seal is provided within the need for end plates and drive screw or close tolerance machining. Dissolution occurs on both sides of the anode.
To form metal oxide thin film for thin film poles of a solar battery or a liq. crystal display, a substrate is disposed in the vacuum chamber and a vapour source of metal or metal oxide with a heating means are provided, where gas contg. oxygen is introduced into the chamber and ultra-violet ray is radiated onto the substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   Even if the substrate is made of material having lower heat resistivity, resulting thin film has quality almost equiv. to that of thin film produced by high temp. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/9)@
High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/9)@
High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/9)@
Oxide superconducting thick film is made by forming layer contg. Ag-oxide powder on substrate, applying coating for oxide superconducting thick film on the Ag-oxide contg. layer and sintering.    USE -   For forming oxide superconducting thick film having improved critical current density and film strength. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
A procedure for fabricating contact electrodes to thin film electrodes on glass, esp. solar cells, is claimed in which the contact is formed by contacting the electrode assembly with molten tin for less than 2 seconds. The technique claimed is to deposit a tin alloy from a tin melt by the wave method in which the substrate is at ambient temp. and the travel rate is 1.5 to 5 metres per minute. Non-wettable protection on parts of the electrode assembly can result in a design in the tin, such as rectilinear electrodes with a solid tin edge, or the tin bath can itself be masked to control the tin deposit pattern. The glass can be dipped on an edge or on the flat, and a layer of nickel before the tinning improves the process.    USE -   The relatively thick contact electrode is esp. useful for thin film amorphous silicon solar cells with a glass-tin dioxide or glass-ITO base. The method avoids thermal cracking of the glass or preheating by short contact times with the molten tin bath at 250 deg.C. The 10 to 50 micron thickness of the deposited electrode allows easy connections by simple soldering or pressure contacts and avoids costly electrodeposition or ultrasonic soldering of aluminium tape.
Producing a (002) oriented CdS-based thin film with tailored lattice constants comprises: co-depositing CdS and other II-VI cpds. on a substrate in a vacuum system; controlling the lattice constants and energy band gap of film by controlling the stoichiometry. Pref. the other II-VI cpds. are binary cpds. chosen from CdO and ZnO.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Optoelectronic devices s.a. photovoltaic. solar cells. Improved prodn. of CdS-based polycrystalline thin films with controlled lattice constants, and increased energy band gaps. @(19pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
The C0 conversion reactor comprises a casing having a water vapour reforming gas inlet at one end plate and reformed gas outlet at the other end plate, and cooling pipe set in the casing charged with a conversion catalyst.    USE -   For feeding H-rich gases into fuel cells. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Water cooled CO conversion reactor for fuel cells -comprises a water spray nozzle disposed near an inlet of the reactor charged with a conversion catalyst, and temp. sensor disposed near an outlet of the reactor, so that the water spray rate is controlled according to the temp. of the catalyst.    USE -   For feeding H-rich gas into fuel cells. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
An oxide superconducting form has an oxide superconducting layer, at least on one side of which a precious metal layer and/or inorganic substance layer are formed, on a matrix in which the precious metal layer of the inorganic substance layer is in contact with the matrix.    USE -   For wire material, cables, wiring circuit boards, or electric or electronic components, preventing ingress of deleterious elements from the matrix having controlled crystal orientation of the superconductor, and good superconducting characteristics. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/4)@@.
An oxide superconducting form has an oxide superconducting layer, at least on one side of which a precious metal layer and/or inorganic substance layer are formed, on a matrix in which the precious metal layer of the inorganic substance layer is in contact with the matrix.    USE -   For wire material, cables, wiring circuit boards, or electric or electronic components, preventing ingress of deleterious elements from the matrix having controlled crystal orientation of the superconductor, and good superconducting characteristics. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/4)@@.
A particulate semiconductor device (100), esp. a low cost solar cell, comprises a substrate (1), on which is a barrier layer (7) followed by a metal layer (4), a layer of particles (2), with an alloy of the metal and particles between the substrate and the particle layer, and a further layer (9) on the particle layer.    Also claimed is a device without a barrier layer and with each particle including a core and a pre-diffused layer around the core so that the metal layer forms an ohmic contact with the cores and a rectifying contact with the pre-diffused layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A particulate semiconductor device (claimed) esp. useful for low cost solar cells of crystalline Si is provided. Schottky devices have sharp diode IV-characteristics, low leakage current and reverse breakdown voltages of above 5V. The pre-diffused particles embodiment gives efficient red-enhanced solar cells. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
The process for photoelectric element comprises (i) coating indium tin oxide as transparent electrode onto a glass plate, e.g. slide glass, by electron beam heating method; and (ii) integrally laminating a glassy layer (of 27-80:1 mixt. of Se/Sb2S3) a porous layer (Sb2S3) and a fine grain layer (Sb2S3) on the glass boar
A solar cell of a photoelectric transducer is formed on a plasma treated surface of a colourless transparent polyimide substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar cell has improved photoelectric efficiency, less photo deterioration of the alpha-silicon layer and can be produced stably.    In an example, polyamide acid soln. was prepared by reaction of 0.2 mol. of aromatic diamine and tetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride in N,N-dimethyl acetamide at a 30% concn. for 30 hours at room temp., the soln. was cast on a substrate, dried at 100 deg.C, heated at 300 deg.C. to form a 30 microns thick transparent polyimide film substrate. The film was irradiated with plasma for 60 minutes at 300 W in an N2 atmosphere (yellow index of 12.5, total transprency 87.5%). A 500 Angstrom thick ITO conductive film was formed on the substrate by vapour deposition in a glow discharge (13.56 MHz) apparatus. A mixt. of 10 mol.% silane diluted by hydrogen and 5,00 ppm diborane diluted by hydrogen are introduced at 250 deg.C. A 150 Angstrom thick boron doped p-type alpha Si layer is formed on the plasma treated substrate by irradiating 10 W of high frequency power. A 5,000 Angstrom thick non-doped alpha Si layer is formed on it using diluted silane and a 500 Angstrom thick P doped n-type alpha Si layer formed with phosphine mixed diluted silane to form the transducer. The device is laminated with a 0.1 micron Al conductive film. A 50 micron thick epoxy resin is coated on it as a protection layer to form a solar cell. The cell has 4.9% efficiency and improved adherence. @(11pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A solar cell of a photoelectric transducer is formed on a plasma treated surface of a colourless transparent polyimide substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar cell has improved photoelectric efficiency, less photo deterioration of the alpha-silicon layer and can be produced stably.    In an example, polyamide acid soln. was prepared by reaction of 0.2 mol. of aromatic diamine and tetra-carboxylic acid dianhydride in N,N-dimethyl acetamide at a 30% concn. for 30 hours at room temp., the soln. was cast on a substrate, dried at 100 deg.C, heated at 300 deg.C. to form a 30 microns thick transparent polyimide film substrate. The film was irradiated with plasma for 60 minutes at 300 W in an N2 atmosphere (yellow index of 12.5, total transparency 87.5%). A 500 Angstrom thick ITO conductive film was formed on the substrate by vapour deposition in a glow discharge (13.56 MHz) apparatus. A mixt. of 10 mol.% silane diluted by hydrogen and 5,00 ppm diborane diluted by hydrogen are introduced at 250 deg.C. A 150 Angstrom thick boron doped p-type alpha Si layer is formed on the plasma treated substrate by irradiating 10 W of high frequency power. A 5,000 Angstrom thick non-doped alpha Si layer is formed on it using diluted silane and a 500 Angstrom thick P doped n-type alpha Si layer formed with phosphine mixed diluted silane to form the transducer. The device is laminated with a 0.1 micron Al conductive film. A 50 micron thick epoxy resin is coated on it as a protection layer to form a solar cell. The cell has 4.9% efficiency and improved adherence.
Optical fibre has core portion of Al-oxide and clad portion of silica glass. The fibre is made by inserting an Al-oxide rod into a silica glass pipe, vacuum sealing it and wire drawing the glass pipe to form fibre.    USE -   For optical fibre with large numerical aperture. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor comprises N,N-alkylene tetra-hydroxazinium salt of an aliphatic mono carboxylic acid of formula (I) dissolved in a non-proton solvent. In formula, p+m = 4; p = 0-2; n = 3-8; R = H, 1-30C alkyl, or 3-30C alkenyl or alkadienyl.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte is applied to switching regulator with lower loss of value and long term stability at wide range of ambient temps..    In an example, an electrolytic soln. is prepared by mixing 25 wt. pts. acetic acid N,N-tetra-methylene morpholinium as electrolyte, 55 wt. pts. gamma-butylolactone and 20 wt. pts. acetonitrile. Conductivity of the soln. is 12.5 ms/cm.. A test of an electrolytic capacitor using the soln. (rating voltage = 16V, rating capacity = 180 micro F) shows that tan delta is initially 0.067, and is 0.074 after 1000 hours at 110 deg.C.. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
A solid state polymer electrolyte comprises at least a salt of an electrolyte (1) and a polymer matrix contg. a main chain of a poly-amino acid (2), having a helical structure and a side chain of a copolymer (3) of ethyleneoxide and propyleneoxide.    (1) is pref. Li, Na, K or (butyl)4N(+) or (ethyl)4N(+) salts of SCN(-), Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), BR4(-), PF6(-), AsF6(-) and ClO4(-). (2) is polyglutamic acid. (3) is a block copolymer of ethyleneoxide (a) and propyleneoxide (b), where (a) accelerates dissociation and (b) lowers crystallinity of (a), where (a):(b) = 30/1-8/5.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solid state polymer electrolyte for electrical cell, condenser, EC element and sensor, and a composite electrode compounding a conductive polymer on the surface or inner part of the electrode. It exhibits high ion conductivity, good film making properties and high strength. @(10pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
(JP2181304-A)      The toner includes the azo dye generated by the reaction of phloroglucine and diazo cpd. The para position to the azo gp. of the diazo cpd. is e.g., dialkyl amino, benzamino, morpholino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, and acetylamino gp. substd.. The azo dye is attached to the toner surface.    The diazo cpd. is benzene diazonium salt deriv. pref., and the para position of the azo gp. is functional gp. including N pref.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The frictional charging quantity among toner particles can be unified, and the charging quantity can be easily controlled. The toner is stably used without deterioration. The azo dye is black and has high resistivity, so that black image of high density and high transferring property can be obtd. by coating the resin particle surface with the azo dye. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prepn. of Gps. I, III and VI cpds. comprises prepg. a soln. of an alcohol-soluble Gp. I element cpd., an alcohol-soluble Gp. III element cpd. and an alcohol-soluble Gp. VI element cpd. all dissolved together in an alcohol and heating the alcohol soln. in an inert gas atmosphere to obtain a fired prod. until evapn. is substantially completed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cpds. obtd. can be used in solar cells as semiconductor materials. In partic., CuInSe2 thin films can be produced easily in large quantities.    In an example, in a silica tube, 1 pt. of 0.1 mol/l CuCl2 soln., 1 pt. of 0.1 mol/l InCl3 soln. and 2 pts. of 0.2 mol/l H2SeO3 soln., all dissolved in isopropyl alcohol, were mixed so that the ratio of Cu:In:Se became 1:1:4. The silica tube contg. the mixt. was olaced in a tube furnace, heated in a N2 stream at 400 deg.C and cooled. By X-ray diffraction, the fired prod. was identified as CuInSe2. When the mixt. was heated at 150 deg.C, CuInSe2 was not formed. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Phthalocycyanine cpds. of formula (I) are new. M = V, Ti, Mo, Si, Ge or Sn, A and N are each O, S, Se or Te opt. bonding to H and only one of A and B opt. doubly bonds to M, each R1-4 = H, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, amino, carbonyl, alkoxy, alkyl opt. substd., allyl or aryl and each a, b, c and d = an integer of 0-6.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides phthalocyanine cpds. with good photo- and spectral sensitivity, image stability and deterioration resistance when used repeatedly useful for electrophotographic photosensitive materials, copying machines, printers, solar batteries, photoelectric conversion elements and optical disc materials.    In an example, a mixt. of 20.4 parts by wt. phthalodinitrile, 7.6 parts TiCl4 in 200 parts quinoline was reacted for 4 hrs. at 220 deg.C under N2 atmosphere and for 10 hrs. at 220 deg.C while introducing the gas, from the reaction solvent was removed by steam distn. and the residue was purified with acetone and then methanol to give thiotitanium phthalocyanine with absorption peak at 972 cm(-1). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Disclosed are a semiconductor device on an insulating substrate and a method for its mfr. whereby a polycrystalline film with large grains and a high crystallised vol. fraction is readily obtd. The semiconductor layer of polycrystalline silicon contains impurities e.g. boron, of 1 x 10 power 15 to 1 x 10 power 19 cm -3 in at least one active region and includes grains of a size of at least 1 micron and pref. of at least 2 micron. Pref. the device in an insulated gate type device in which the active region is a channel region.    The method of forming the device has the essential steps of forming noncrystalline silicon film on an insulating substrate by plasma CVD, and then thermally treating the noncrystalline film to induce solid phase recrystallisation. Optionally, a second thermal treatment is used the second treatment being at a higher temp. than the first e.g. 700-1200 deg.C and with the rate of temp. increase not exceeding 20 deg./Cmin. This second heat treatment rate of temp. increase not exceeding 20 deg.C/min. This second heat treatment is also part of a process of forming a gate insulation film by thermal oxidn. In an alternative procedure a first silicon layer is formed on an insulating substrate, a second silicon layer is formed on the first silicon layer and then a heat treatment is used to cause crystal growth in both silicon layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polycrystalline silicon film structure can be used for TET insulating gate type FETs bipolar transistors.
Laminated glass structure comprises: a glass sheet bonded to a plastic layer via a single or multi-layered film, the film which contacts the plastic layer having an energy gap of 4eV or more. The film pref. includes a transparent conductive film, pref. of dielectric-metal-dielectric structure, esp. ZnO-Ag-ZnO or SnO2-Ag-SnO2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as a solar-reflecting window for automobiles, aircraft, buildings, defogger, solar cell, etc. Window avoids the problem of increasing turbidity over time. @(37pp DWg.No 2/4)
A solar cell is mfd. by; providing a polycrystalline Si substrate having a p/n junction formed adjacent one side of substrate, an electrode grid is formed on one side of substrate and an Al layer on the other, and only one side is coated with SiN or P-glass; exposing one side of substrate to SiF4 ion beam sufficient to bulk passivate the substrate; applying an antireflection coating to one side of substrate. Pref. the Si substrate iss heated 400 to 800 deg.C prior to ion beam exposure.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Fluoride passivation of polycrystalline Si, Ge, GaAs or other III-V compound substrates, and II-VI cpd. substrates, used in the mfr. of semiconductor devices.
A C fibre mat contg. Al2O3 is formed by dispersing Al2O3 precursor soln. in the mat.; converting to Al hydroxide ppt; and pyrolysing to ppte. Al2O3 nodules throughout the mat. The precursor soln. pref. contains Al sulphate, nitrate, acetate, formate or alkoxide esp. sec-butoxide or isopropoxide.    Pref. the Al salt soln. is converted to hydroxide ppte by addn. of a hydroxide, pref. NH4OH; the alkoxides are converted by heating, pref. with steam. The mat is immersed in the precursor soln. and then vacuumed to fully infiltrate the solution. The Al2O3 nodules formed adhere to the C fibres and have a dia. of 10-300 microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In the S compartment of an Na-S cell. Mat provides enhanced polysulphide wetting and wicking to reduce concn. polarisation without increasing electrode resistance. @(7pp Dwg.No.0.3)
Film solar cell comprises a colourless and transparent substrate of polyimide film, a photoelectric converter element attached to one surface of substrate film and a light transmitting F-contg. resin layer having a thickness = 5-300 microns and attached to another surface of substrate film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is projected light from the substrate side to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and to reduce the optical degradation in the alpha-Si layer. The F-contg. resin layer protects the polyimide layer to enhance the reliability of cell against humidity. It is used as a built-in cell for an electronic computer or water, an external cell for radio or television or battery charger for preventing the discharge of battery. @(8pp Dwg.No.1,3/3)@
Alumina-silica system is amorphous or crystalline, having following compsn. of: XAl2O3.(100-X)SiO2.    The alumina-silica system is made by adding water, and solvent or further acid to Al salt and Si-alkoxide to prepare sol, drying it to gel, and heat treating the gel to make film form, bulky, or powdery alumina-silica system. Oxygen concn. meter comprises the alumina-silica system interposed between two systems differ in oxygen partial pressure, for measuring the concn. of oxygen by using the value of electromotive force produced between the two systems. Oxygen refining appts. is adapted to apply potential difference to the both ends of the crystalline alumina-silica system to transfer only oxygen forcedly to the one side. Fuel cell has electrodes at the both sides of the crystalline alumina-silica system, to which fuel and oxidising agent are supplied continuously.    USE -   For fuel oxygen concn. meters, oxygen refining appts., and fuel cells, having good sinterability.
Fuel cell comprises: a stack of cell elements (1); separator elements (5) of conductive material having a first segments channel (31) bored through the peripheral region; and seals (40) formed of two conductive rings (42,43) sandwiching an insulating ring (44) with a second segment channel (41) bored through each seal.    Each conductive ring is joined to the adjacent separator so that the first and second segment channels connect to define a manifold for the intake and exhaust of gas from the cells.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As eg a molten carbonate fuel cell stack. Arrangement prevents gas in the manifold from leaking out and provides insulation between adjacent separator elements. @(20pp dwg.No.1/25)@
Mfr comprises contacting olefin and water at one of the electrodes of an ion conductor provided with catalytic electrodes, and an oxidising cpd for the other electrode of ion conductor. The olefin used above are those having 3 or more carbon atoms, more specifically, propylene and 1-butene. Ion conductor is eg solid electrolytes known as proton conductors such as H-mordenite and Zr- phosphate; protonic acids such as phosphoric acid and HC1; and SrCe03-based perovskite type solid solns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides ketones utilising a fuel cell system making use of an ion conductor, which opt generates electric power. The process is suitable for producing ketones useful as intermediates of carboxylic acids and alcohols, such as MEK, methylisobutylcarbinol, etc. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/1)
The surface is coated with an acrylic resin compsn. contg. an acrylic acid-adduct of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin of epoxy equiv. 350-1400, an acryl oligomer with dipentaerythritol hexacrylate, and a hardener. The dipentaerythritol hexacrylate is contained in an amt. of 10-50 wt% on the basis of the wt. of the acrylic resin compsn. exlcuding the hardener.    The pref. proportion of the bisphenol-A type epoxy resin to the acrylic acid is A/B = 1/0.9-1/1, where A is the epoxy gp. of the epoxy resin and B is the acid gp. of the acrylic acid. the acryl oligomer contg. dipentaerythritol hexacrylate includes phenoxyacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl(metha) acrylate, etc., and the hardener used includes benzyldimethylketal, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propane-1-on, etc. The pref. amt. of the UV-type hardener is 2-15 pts. wt. to 100 pts. wt. of the acrylic resin compsn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as light-receiving elements for photodiodes, photo transistors, etc. Excellent solvent resistance and appearance. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The surface is coated with an acrylic resin compsn. contg. an acrylic acid-adduct of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin of epoxy equiv. 350-1400, an acryl oligomer with dipentaerythritol hexacrylate, and a hardener. The dipentaerythritol hexacrylate is contained in an amt. of 10-50 wt% on the basis of the wt. of the acrylic resin compsn. exlcuding the hardener.    The pref. proportion of the bisphenol-A type epoxy resin to the acrylic acid is A/B = 1/0.9-1/1, where A is the epoxy gp. of the epoxy resin and B is the acid gp. of the acrylic acid. the acryl oligomer contg. dipentaerythritol hexacrylate includes phenoxyacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl(metha) acrylate, etc., and the hardener used includes benzyldimethylketal, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propane-1-on, etc. The pref. amt. of the UV-type hardener is 2-15 pts. wt. to 100 pts. wt. of the acrylic resin compsn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as light-receiving elements for photodiodes, photo transistors, etc. Excellent solvent resistance and appearance. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Battery generating water and the steam remaining after being used for reforming hydrocarbons are recovered and treated in a system comprising a water tank, a filter, a de-carbonising tower and a mixed bed made of anionic and cationic resins, so that it can be re-used. The recovered water and the steam are firstly treated with cation after removing equipment, then treated with the water tank, the filter, the de-carbonising tower and the mixed bed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Metal ions contained in the recovered water and steam are removed before metal clad is generated, so that the metal clad sent into the battery cooling water system is decreased. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
In a semiconductor device, a semiconductor element such as IC, transister, etc, is sealed up by using an epoxy resin compt. contg, an epoxy resin(A), e.g., of novolack type, etc., having an epoxy equivalent of 160-250 and a softening point of 80-150 deg C poly p-vinylphenol(B), having a softening point of 50-130 deg C and a hydroxyl group equivalent of 120-130, and an inorganic filler, e.g., quartz glass powder, silica powder, etc., together with a hardening accelerator, a flame retardant such as antimony trioxide a pigment, a coupling agent such a silane coupling agent, etc., as needed.     Any one of the components (A) (B) is pref. reacted with a silicon cpd, of formula (I) or (II) where R is a mixt of methyl and _ phenyl gps, R1 is (CH2), is 1-3, A is amino, epoxy carboxyl, hydroxyl or cyclohexeneoxide, m is 1-300, n is 1-300, m + n = 1 - 500, and x is 10 - 300. The pref amt. of the silicon cpd is 1 - 7 wt% on the basis of the weight of the epoxy resin compsn, and that of the inorganic filler is 50 - 80 wt% on the basis of the weight of xthe epoxy resin compsn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   : The seconductor device has good moisture resistance, impact resistance and cracking resistance.@(6pp Dwg.No.%)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
A solar cell-enclosing window pane comprises two glass plates and solar cells placed in a space between both plates and enclosed by silicone or epoxy resin having good transparency injected to the space.    USE -   To produce solar cell-enclosing window panes having good transparency. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/6)
The hybrid power-unit consists of an electromotor using high temp superconducting windings and a H2 combustion unit. The H2 is in liq form and cools the windings, in itself it is cooled by the electro-motor. The electromotor is pref driven by solar-cells, batteries or fuel-cells via an AC-convertor. Also claimed is a power-unit in which the electro-motor is driven by the combustion unit and acts as a generator. The electro-motor pref uses a magneto-calorific effect to liquefy hydrogen and return it to the cooling system.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The power unit combines clean operation of the combustion unit, ie using H2 as fuel, with solar energy. The use of superconductor windings increases the efficiency of the unit, which is environmentt friendly. The use of the magnetic Carnot cycle allows heat gains in the system to be compensated for. The power unit is intended for use in automobiles, eg in lorries. @(4pp Dwg.No.3/3)@
Polycrystalline silicon solar cell (I) is produced by doping the polycrystalline silicon substrate, to produce a pn-junction between a first zone and a second zone. Then, on the first zone, forming the light-collection surface and the emitter of (I), a first metallic contact electrode is applied and, on the reverse side of the second zone, directed away from the pn-junction a second metallic contact electrode is applied. on the light-collecting surface of (I), a coating is applied which, after a temp. treatment in an oxygen-contg. atmos., forms an antireflex layer of ditantalum pentoxide and/or titanium oxide, for the light impacting on the light-collecting surface.    The improvement is that, prior to the tempering step in the oxygen-contg. atmos., tempering is effected in an intermediate step in an atmos. which is oxygen-free but which contains hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen passivation is enabled without the use of high vacuum appts. and without impairing the effectiveness of (I) by side effects.
(A) a substrate with a structural surface, for growing solidified layers from melts (esp. of semiconductor material) has contact faces which are elevated above the base surface of the substrate and which are distributed such that the growing layer rests on the contact faces and is held apart from the base surface by surface tension.     (B) also claimed is use of the substrate in (i) processes in which the solidified layer is applied by relative molten between the melt and the substrate, and (ii)-__processes in which the solidified layer is automatically released from the substrate after solidification.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The substrate is used in prodn. of solar cell base material esp. based on silicon (claimed). It is reusable without requiring regeneration, provides problem-free release of the grown material, ensures effective transfer of the requisite structure from the substrate to the grown layer and allows use of the same starting material for the substrate and the melt. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Cpds. contg. one or more F atoms, sulpho radicals and phosphono radicals, each radical being bonded to same or different C, with the proviso that at least one sulpho and at least one phosphono are bonded to the C through the S or P atom respectively, are new. Cpds. of formula ((R2O)2P(O))y R(SOrR1)x (I) where R = organo having at least one covalent C-F bond; R1 = alkali metal, Cd, Zn, H; R2 = lower alkyl or H; r = 2 or 3; x and y = 1-3, with the proviso that the P and S are covalently bonded to a C and when x = 1, then Cd and Zn are 1/2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cpds. are useful as replacements for perfluoro sulphonic acids, as electrolytes or additives to phosphoric acid electrolytes, in hydrocarbon/air fuel cells. They are non-polymeric and have mol.wts. of about 5000 or less. @(27pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A solar cell structure, with improved isolation between serially connected cells, comprises many cells formed in one surface of a semiconductor substrate (40), each cell having alternate rows of p- and n-regions with metal contacts (44,42) contacting all the p and all the n regions respectively and serially connecting a cell with adjacent cells. An array of shorted p-n junctions (48) between adjacent cells is in contact with and shorted by the metal contacts (42) and these junctions act as minority carrier traps between adjacent cells.    Also claimed is a solar cell structure as above with two contacts respectively contacting oppositely doped regions, the means for increasing the electrical isolation between adjacent cells comprising two multiple sets of doped regions of opposite type cooperatively formed p-n junctions between adjacent cells and means of shorting these junctions so that they act as minority carrier traps.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A monolithic series connected solar cell which uses shorted p-n junctions for electrical isolation is provided. BOth interdigitated contact cells and those using a dual metal back surface connection are provided. Electrical isolation between cells is provided both by the high resistance Si substrate and by the shorted p-n junctions. @(4pp Dwg.No.3/3)@
The towing piezoelectric cable has a piezoelectric layer (2). An external electrode (3) is provided on the piezoelectric layer. An internal layer (1) serving as a core wire is provided in the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer comprises organic material or a piezoelectric organic ceramic complex. The core wire comprises a shape memory alloy. The cable is heated, using electromagnetic heating to provide the shape memory alloy with memory reversion.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The towing piezoelectric cable is used for receiving an acoustic wave generated in sea water and is suitable for marine earthquake survey or fish finding. The cable has no curling tendency when the cable is wound on a winch, decreases flow noise, and has a significantly improved signal to noise ratio. @(5pp Dwg.No 1,2/10)@
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
(JP2162654-A)      Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses.
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Reforming of fuels for fuel cells in which the raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst and steam-reformed to H-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells. Heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube such that by adding O or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer so as to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and using as reforming catalysts those in which Rh is supported on porous catalyst supports made of heat-resisting inorganic substances contg. as a principal component a single substance such as zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and aluminium oxide or their mixtures.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The raw material gases contg. hydrocarbons as principal componetns can be steam-reformed to H-enriched gases for fuel cells efficiently by heating the reforming catalyst layer internally by partial oxidn. of hydrocarbons and using highly active Rh/ZrO2 catalysts at low temps.
The raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst, and reformed to hydrogen-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells by heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube. Method comprises adding oxygen or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and at the same time heating externally the reforming catalyst layer through catalytic combustion of low calorie gases which contain the off-gas from the fuel cells as principal components.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The low calorie offgas from the fuel cells can be combusted stably through catalytic combustion. Heat is supplemented internally by the partial oxidn. which takes place in the catalyst layer of the reaction tube. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)
Methanol is vaporised and steam-reformed followed by the purificn. of hydrogen, by supplying methanol and water to separate evaporators and using the gas obtd. by catalytic combustion of the off-gas generated in the hydrogen purificn. for evaporating the water initially, for reforming the methanol and then for evaporating the methanol.    ADVANTAGE -   Since water and methanol are supplied separately to separate evaporators, energy at low levels can be recovered and utilised efficiently. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/2)
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The corrosion resistant material comprises 50-90 wt.% Cr and Ni.    USE -   Used for containers (electrolytic cell) for housing anode and cathode active materials of fused carbonate type fuel cells. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The alkali battery contains zinc alloy powder and the electrolyte. A cpd. of formula (I) and/or (II), 0.001 - 1.0 wt. part, is added to or coated on the zinc alloy powder, 100 wt. part, to form a negative material. CnF2n+1-(CH2)x-O-(CH2CH2O)y-C(O)-R (I) Cn'F2n'+1-(CH2)x'-O-(CH2 C(CH3)HO)y'-C(O)R' (II) where n, n', x, x', y and y' = at least 1; R, and R' = same or different at atomic gp. removed one H from aliphatic hydrocarbon.    The zinc alloy powder pref. includes at least one of lead, aluminium, indium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, tin, gallium, nickel, or silver.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The negative active material is used for an alkali battery. Adding the cpd. of formula (I) and/or (II) to the zinc alloy powder dramatically reduces the generation of hydrogen gas even if silver content to the zinc alloy powder is reduced to up to 0.2 wt.% and improves battery performance. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Lanthanum chromite double oxide is produced by admixing Bi2O3 with the perovskite-type oxide of La1-xSrxCr1-yMgyO3 (x and y are 0 or more but less than 1) and firing the mixt. at 1200-1400 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Dense lanthanum chromite double oxide with over 90% of apparent sintering deg. can be obtd. even by 1300 deg.C. sintering, which is used as an interconnector of solid oxide fuel cells.    In an example, LaCa0.9Mg0.1O3 was prepd. by mixing 0.5 mol. La2O3, 0.45 mol. Cr2O3 and 0.1 mol. MgO powders with a ball mill for 2 hrs.; drying and firing at 1400 deg.C for 24 hrs. in air; pulverizing into powders 1 micron average dia. The LaCa0.9Mg0.1O3 powders and 2-40 mol.% Bi2O3 powders were mixed and press-moulded at 100 kg/cm2 into pellets, which were further subjected to 1500 kg/cm2 isotropic hydrostatic pressing for 3 min., and fired at 1300 deg.C. for 5 hrs. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
An arrangement of fuel cells, based on a high temp. solid electrolyte of stabilised zirconia, for maximising the power/space ratio, comprises a stack of series-connected flat fuel cell elements (1-3), the oxygen electrode (2) of each element being connected to the fuel electrode (3) of the subsequent element by an electrically conductive component (4), pref. a bipolar plate of metallic, ceramic or cermet material.    ADVANTAGE -   The design allows mass prodn. of fuel cell arrangements with max. power/space ratio, faultless series-connection of the cells and good current transfer between adjacent cells with minimal losses, and allows block-wise assembly to form large power units. @(13pp Dwg.No.10,12/12)@
Prodn. comprises forming 1st electrodes separately on the surface of an insulation substrate, forming a semiconductor layer continuously on exposed areas of the substrate, and removing, at least, part of the semiconductor layer, to make 2nd electrodes.    Used for solar cells and optical detectors. (J55120181-A) @(5pp Dwg.No.0/3)
Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(JP2148657-A)      Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
V5-D6B
A sintered CdTe film is produced by pulverising mixed powders of Cd and Te or their cpds., with an organic solvent free of water; adding a binder to the pulverised mixt. to form paste; coating and sintering the paste on a substrate.    (Claimed) The organic solvent is inert to Cd, Te and their cpds., having a kinematic viscosity of up to 2.0 x 10 power -6 m2/sec and a boiling point of 80-150 deg.C, esp. perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran or fluoro cpds.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used to produce sintered CdTe films for solar cells or photo sensors. A higher qualtiy CdTe film free of CdO impurity can be mass-produced.    In an example, Cd and Te powders over 99.999% purity below 500 micron dia. were mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1, the mixt. was pulverised in perfluorobutyltetrahydrofuran; the resultant powders had 1.6 micron average dia; they wre mixed with ethyleneglycol monophenylether to prepare paste; the paste was printed on a glass substrate and fired at 700 deg.C in N2 gas stream to form a sintered CdTe film. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Battery has (a) alkali metal cathode, (b) porous mould anode (mainly consisting of carbon), (c) an electrodes separator, and (d) an electrolytic soln. using sulphur oxy halide (which is the anode active substance) as the electrolyte solvent, where a condensation aromatic cpd. is supported on the separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   'Electric voltage delay' (the drop of the electric voltage at the beginning of the discharge) seen after battery is kept at a high temp. or for long time, can be prevented. @(8pp Dwg.no.1/2)@
Sheet matrix for use in fuel cells comprising a first layer being a mixt. of carbon powder having a low-structure as defined by having a dibutyl phthalate adsorption capability of no more than 50ml. per 100g/ of powder and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin, and a second layer comprising a mixt. of a non-carbon inert inorganic cpd. and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin. The layers are combinedf to form a sheet matrix.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sheet matrix is self-supporting and exhibits low electrolyte adsorption and high mechanical strength. It is also resistant to bowing and cracking and hence a high-bubble pressure can be maintained. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Solns. (I) of fluorine-contg. polymers with -COONR4 gps. (II) in aprotic organic solvents (III) are claimed, in which the solvent (III) is mixed with an anhydrous carboxylic acid of formula X(CX2)nCOOH (IV) in the ratio (III):(IV) = (95-50):(5-50); where R = 1-4C alkyl; X = H, F, Cl or Br; n = 0-1.    Pref. (III) is N,N-DMF, N,N-DMA or NMP; (IV) is formic, acetic or propionic acid; ratio (III):(IV) = (90-60):(10-40).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) are useful, e.g. for the prodn. of cation exchange membranes for electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides, etc., for use in fuel cells, for prodn. of coated catalysts, etc. Addn. of (IV) prevents the decompsn. or degradation ofmol.wt. which otherwise occurs in solns. of (II) in (III), resulting in loss of ion-exchange capacity, redn. in melt viscosity and loss of stability. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A method of passivating Group III-V and II-VI semiconductor compound surfaces comprises selecting a passivating material having a lattice constant substantially mismatched to the lattice constant of the semiconductor compound; growing an ultra-thin epitaxial layer of passivating material on surface of semiconductor compound to a thickness sufficient to maintain a coherent interface between them; passivating material comprises a higher band gap compsn. to form a window layer on )semiconductor surface; max. thickness of passivating layer is that which above dislocations begins to nucleate because of excessive strain energy between the 2 layers, pref. 50 to 500 Angstroms.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Passivation of Group II-V or II-VI semiconductor surfaces using a passivating material specifically lattice mismatched to the semiconductor material. Useful in photovoltaic applications.
Plasma reactor-comprises a magnetic coil giving a nonuniform magnetic field to generate a plasma with microwaves in a plasma generating chamber, and a second magnetic coil disposed in or outside the plasma generating chamber.    USE -   For etching semiconductor wafers in semiconductor device prodn. facilities. @(4pp Dwg.No. 1/5)@
Negative electrode material is produced by adding 0.002-1.0 pts. wt. tetra ethyl ammonium bromide to 100 pts. wt. Zr alloy powder contg. at least Pb and Al (pref. contg. 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Pb 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Al and opt. contg. 0.001-0.5 wt.% of indium). Instead of mixing, the tetra ethyl ammonium bromide can be coated on the surface of the Zn alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The amt. of the H2 gas generated in the battery can be greatly decreased and the discharge capacity can be maintained at high level. The effect is greater when a negative electrode active substance made of the zinc alloy powder coated with the specific amount of tetra ethyl ammonium bromide using solvent, is used. @(6pp Dwg.No.9/1)@
(JP2135669-A)      Alkali cell having a Zn alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyglycerol fatty acid ester which is added to 100 wt.pts. of Zn alloy. Opt. a negative electrode activator (NEA) for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyglycerol fatty acid ester which is coated on surface of Zn alloy powders of 100 wt.pts.    Pref. high purity Zn alloy is amalgamated to compsn. (contg. 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In, 0.1 wt.% Hg), the powders is mixed with toluene of which hexaglycerolester stearate is dissolved, toluene is vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated Zn alloy powders as NEA. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% KOH aq. soln., 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali Mn cell is mfd. with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of NEA and electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of MnO2 and conductor).    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained in even fairly lower Hg content of Zn alloy powders as up to 0.2 wt.%.
The device comprises a reformer tube in a reactor chamber, and a burner at the upper centre of the chamber. The burner is composed of an exhaust fuel gas supply passage, a primary air supply passage, a sec. air supply passage, and a cooling air supply passage.    USE -   Temp. distribution is controlled by adjusting quantity of prim. and sec. air. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/4)@
The device comprises a heating burner at the centre of a reformer, a reactor tube surrounding the burner, and a preheater tube disposed apart from the reactor tube concentrically with it. The reactor tube and the preheater tube are each supported at the reformer at one end only.    USE -   Heat recovery is securely performed. Heat quantity can be changed to achieve an ideal temperature distribution. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/5)@
In the operation of a molten carbonate fuel cell, CO2 is sepd. from the anode exhaust gas, the remaining gas is recirculated to the anode and the CO2 is supplied to the cathode as cathode gas. Pref. the anode supply gas is CO/H2 from a reformer and unreacted CO in the anode exhaust is reacted with steam to form CO2 and H2.    Pref. the CO2 is mixed with air, supplied to a combustion device along with a portion of the anode recycle gas and the exhaust from the combustion device is then supplied to the cathode.    ADVANTAGE -   Sepn. of CO2 from the anode exhaust prior to recycle increases cell efficiency. @(17pp Dwg.No.1/10)@
A rebalance cell for a Cr/Fe redox ion accumulator, for redn. of Fe(3+) ions with hydrogen, has a Fe(3+) ion redn. catalyst in the form of hydrophobised active carbon loaded with a Pt gp. metal, Au or Ag or of hydrophobised tungsten carbide, the catalyst separating a hydrogen gas space from a Fe(3+) -electrolyte liq. space.    ADVANTAGE -   The redn. process is accelerated, making the rebalance cell of practional use. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Solar energy is converted to electrical energy with use of a compsn. contg. a hetero-junction between a layer of an n-type cadmium chalcogenide of formula CdSexTe1-x, where x is 0.6-0.8, and a p-type copper chalcogenide. The monocrystals of the cadmium cpd. are grown from the melt as rectangular plates of thickness 5x10 power -2 cm., and the copper cpd. is applied as a layer of thickness 500A on the face of the plate opposite an indium contact.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The converter is 1.5 times more efficient than previous compsns. using cadmium telluride, and reduces the cost of the converter by the same factor owing to the reduced cost of the raw materials and the simplicity of the prepn., which is readily automated. Bul.39/23.10.89 @(3pp Dwg.No. 0/0)
Cooler comprises cooling path provided near catalyst in reformer, pipes for connecting opposite ends of cooling paths to raw material tank, and circulating pump provided in pipe lines.    ADVANTAGE -   Deterioration of catalyst is prevented speedily cooling catalyst with use of raw material. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The thin film is made by diagonal vapour deposition of ferromagnetic metals on the surface of film, in which incidence of components of an intermediate angle of incidence in vapour stream of the ferromagnetic metals is blocked, and components of high angle and low angle incidence are intermittently laminated by vapour deposition on the film surface.    USE -   For vapour deposition tapes as high density recording media, functional thin film for orienting liq. crystals, or solar cells having high conversion efficiency, with good deposition efficiency, and good mass productivity.
The method of making an electrochemical cell comprises loading into the cathode compartment of a cell housing comprising an anode compartment sepd. from a cathode compartment by a separator which is a solid conductor of ions of alkali metal M or is a micromolecular sieve which contains alkali metal M. An alkali metal aluminium halide molten salt electrolyte has the formula MAlHal4, where M is the alkali metal of the anode and Hal is a halide, and Cu as an active cathode substance to make an electrochemical cell precursor.    The precursor is charged at a temp. at which the molten salt electrolyte and alkali metal M are molten, to halogenate the Cu, with alkali metal being produced and passing through the separator into the anode compartment.    The proportions are selected so that when the cell is fully charged and all the available active cathode substance has been halogenated, the proportion of alkali metal ions and aluminium ions is such that the solubility of the active cathode substance in the molten electrolyte is at or near its minimum. @(28pp Dwg.No.1/9)@
Solid electrolyte tube for Na/S cells has a surface roughness with a mean profile deviation of not above 2.0 micron and a max. profile height not above 15 micron. The surface finish is imparted to the tube at the green body, pre-firing, calcining or fully firing stage using a surface finishing tool.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte tube has enhanced reliability and durability. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Low refractive index film is formed on a light accepting face. The low reflactive index material is formed from polymer having fluorine-contg. aliphatic ring structure. Glass or transparent plastic is used as a supporting substrate. The supporting substrate has a photoelectric transfer section. The photoselectric transfer section is exposed.    Pref. the polymer having fluorine-contg. aliphatic ring structure comprises e.g. polymer ring structure (I). Where l = 0-5; m = 0-4; n = 0-1; l+m+n = 1-6; R = F or CF3.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Applying the low refractive index material on the transparent substrate, transparent electrodes, and photoelectric transfer section reduces the reflection loss and increases conversion efficiency. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Device for injecting ions in mfg. of semiconductor devices includes a disc arranged in an injection chamber. A motor for rotating the disc and a holding table arranged on the disc for holding a substrate of semiconductor is equipped with a mechanism for rotating the table on the disc.    ADVANTAGE -   Ion beam can be injected uniformly. @(3pp Dwg.No 1/3)@
The magnet is thermosetting resin bonded alloy powder comprising light rare earth metal (LRE) of one or more of Nd, Pr, and Sm; Gd as heavy rare earth metal, Co, Fe, Cu and substn. metal (M) of one of Ti, Zr, and Hf. It has the compsn: LRE1-xGdx(Co1-t-u-wFetCuuMw)z (where x = 0.2-0.5, t = 0.2-0.5, u = 0.02-0.06, w = 0.005-0.1, and z = 7.4-8.2). The wt. ratio of alloy powder to thermosetting synthetic resin is 98.5-96.0 to 1.5-4.0.    ADVANTAGE -   Magnet has good magnetic characteristics and thermal stability. @(5pp Dwg.No 0/0)
Diffusion regions of a MOS-transistor are formed by depsn. of a doped silicate glass layer in an ambient of dopant and oxygen in a process tube. The feature is that doping of the polysilicon gate electrode is avoided by having a thin, undoped oxide layer on top. This is formed out of a first oxide layer (5), pref. at least 20 nm thick, remaining on the polysi layer after an etching process, and growing a further oxide layer (6), pref. at least 100 nm thick. The diffusion areas are defined initially by locally etching away the polysi and gate-oxide. The silicate glass layer is pref. a boro-or phospho-silicate glass with a thickness of more than 120 nm. It is formed by a chemical reaction in the top-surface of Si-wafer in which the entire surface is involved. The glass formation starts at 900 deg.C and is completed in the range 950-1050 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Formation of dopant source layer claimed on the Si-wafer produces a more homogeneously doped layer than is possible in alternative processes with a sheet-resistance range of 5-100 ohm/square. It allows doping to take place without the use of highly toxic gases involved in depsn. of doped layers by CVD. The process gives a higher yield as fewer rejects are produced due to reduced spread of sheet resistance. The process is used for the mfr. of semiconductor devices, esp. MOS-transistors and solar cells. @(8pp Dwg.No.7/14)@
A method of fabricating a back surface point contact solar cell comprises: (1) forming an SiO2 layer on a major surface of an Si substrate; (2) forming a Si3N4 layer on the SiO2 layer; (3) removing first portions of the above layers, thus exposing first surface areas on the substrate; (4) forming a first doped conductivity layer of first conductivity type on the exposed surface; (5) removing second portions of the layers, thus exposing second surfaces on the substrate; (6) forming a second doped layer of second conductivity type on the second substrate areas; (7) heating the substrate to diffuse dopant from the first and second layers to the first and second surface areas, respectively; (8) heating the system to at least 900 deg.C in H2, to hydrogenate the interface between the substrate surface and the SiO2 layer; (9) removing the first and second layers using a pref. etchant which does not remove Si3N4, and (10) forming a two-level metal interconnect structure for separately contacting the first and second surface areas.    ADVANTAGE -   The efficiency of the cell is increased, and may be up to 30%. The method reduces the recombination velocity of electron-hole pairs. The use of self-alignment during the formation of the diffused regions gives reduced alignment tolerance, and permits smaller diffused regions. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A heat dissipating cell for use in an aq. electrolyte Al-air battery comprises a rigid insulating electrolyte-inactive frame defining the electrolyte chamber (54), a consumable Al anode (80) exposed to external air currents, an air cathode (90) spaced from the anode by the chamber, means for admitting electrolyte, and a vent closed by a hydrophobic membrane (66) permeable to H2. Also claimed is a battery comprising several of the cells above with spacers between them allowing air circulation. Also claimed is the cell above specifying that the anode is a consumable Al plate fixed to one side of the chamber, the air cathode is fixed to the opposite side, the electrolyte soln. is caustic and contains a surfactant, the vent membrane retains soln. and water vapour, and that the anode dimensions are effective for heat dissipation. Further claimed is the cell above specifying that the anode is exposed to air flow to dissipate generated heat. Additionally claimed is a battery comprising at least one cell above with a sump (76) at the bottom of each chamber extending between anode and cathode.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A prim. Al-air battery (claimed) for use in emergency lighting is provided. Effective heat dissipation prevents electrolyte boiling. The cell is compact and gives a high cell voltage and energy yield. Controlled electrolyte addn. will activate the battery for given amts. of time. @(10pp Dwg.No.3/5)@
A reformer for fuel cells comprises heating layers (5a,5b), a catalyst layer (4) placed between the heating layers and thermal conductors, as heating means, extending from the heating layers and dispersedly inserted in the catalyst layer.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal efficiency is increased. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A reformer for fuel cells comprises multicylindrical catalyst layers (4a,4b) and heating layers (5a,5b,5c) placed between neighbouring catalyst layers to arrange the catalyst layers and the heating layers alternately.    USE -   Used to produce miniaturised reformers for fuel cells having a high thermal efficiency. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/9)@
A reformer for fuel cells comprises a heater (2), a pipe-shaped evaporator having an evaporating part (1a) and a superheating part (1b) which is used to supply raw material to reactors after evaporating raw materials, and reactors (3a,3b) having catalyst layers (4a,4b). The evaporating part is spirally wound in a flat form and placed between the heater and the catalyst layers. The superheating part is spirally wound in a cylinder form and placed in a heating layer (5a) between the catalyst layers.    USE -   To remove a sepg. wall between the catalyst layers and heaters. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Reformer comprises temp. sensors to detect temp. of reforming catalyst in a reforming reactor, an integrating meter to integrate raw materials supplied to the reformer and an arithmetical unit to predict the life of reforming catalyst from results from the temp. sensors and the integrating meter.    USE -   To predict life of reforming catalyst used to produce H2-rich gas used in a fuel cell power generation plant. @(5pp Dwg.No.3/3)
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Si device is formed by: depositing a conductive metal layer on a substrate; adding an Si layer; anodically etching any remaining exposed conductive layer; and adding a second conductive layer. The Si layer is an amorphous layer which pref. has a thin precoat film of transparent conductive oxide (I) to prevent oxidn. of the Si.    Pref. (I) is: ZnO opt. doped with Al, In, Ga or B; SnO2 doped with F or Sb; CdSnO4; TiO2 doped with F or SrTiO2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In mfr. of an amorphous Si solar cell. Device is free of shorts and shunts. @(9pp Dwg.No 2/4)@
Light-transmitting conductive stacked film comprises: first conductive layer; second conductive layer of different optical thickness; and an interposed conductive metallic layer. The film resistivity is pref. less than 15 ohm/sq. and the absorption loss of incident light is pref. not above 10%.    First and second conductive layers have a refractive index of 1.8-2.4, and are selected from: ZnO opt. doped with H, Al, In, Ga or B; SnO2 doped with F or Sb; ITO; CdSnO4; TiO2 doped with F; and SrTiO2. The first layer is compatible with amorphous Si; and the second is encapsulated with a material of refractive index about 1.5. The first layer has an optical thickness 180-230 nm, and the second has an optical thickness 20-100 nm.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As a light transmitting electrode (claimed), esp. for a solar cell. The film optimises high light-transmission with high conductivity. @(9pp DWg.No 1/6)@
A thin carbon plate is claimed which is obtd. by forming a polycarbodiimide resin (opt. in admixt. with polycarbodiimide fibres) into a thin plate and carbonising it.    The polycarbodiimide for both the resin and the fibres (if used) pref. has repeat units of formula (I) where R = an org. polyicosyanate residue.    USES/ADVANTAGES -   The plate can be used directly as a separator for (pref. phosphoric acid-type) fuel cells and has high mechanical. Strength (esp. when the fibres are present in the starting material) and high gas impermeability.
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Method and system of operation of a molten carbonate fuel cell in which steam and CO in the reaction prod. generated at the anode in the fuel cell by the electricity-producing electrochemical reaction are utilised in a coal or coal char gasifier for endothermically reacting coal or char in the presence of a catalyst for providing the fuel gas, in which the method comprises (a) generating a stream of gaseous prods. contg. H2 and CO2 at a temp. of 1050-1150 deg.F by endothermically reacting coal or char in the presence of a catalyst and steam in a reducing atmosphere; (b) removing particulate material and S bearing material from the stream of gaseous prods.; (c) sepg. the H2 from the CO2; (d) conveying a stream of the sepd. CO2 to a cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell and a stream of the sepd. H2 to an anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell for effecting an electrochemical reaction in the molten carbonate fuel cell for producing electricity while generating reaction prods. consisting of steam at the anode at a temp. greater than the temp. of the stream of gaseous prods.; and (e) conveying a stream of the reaction prods. into the coal gasifier for providing the steam and heat required for effecting the endothermic reaction in the coal gasifier.    ADVANTAGE -   The process provides a novel combination of a gasifier with a molten carbonate fuel cell in which the overall efficiency of the fuel cell is greatly enhanced since the source of reactant gases provided to the fuel cell are produced in a gasifier which, in turn, is provided with the reaction gases from the anode of the fuel cell to provide the steam, the reducing atmos. and the heat needed in the gasifier to support and effect a reactant gas-producing endothermic reaction with coal or char in the presence of a catalyst. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
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In the fuel reformer, hydrocarbon and alcohol such as natural gas and methanol are reacted with steam, and hydrogen-rich reformed gas is formed. The gas is supplied to a fuel cell. In the fuel reformer, reforming tubes are set parallel to each other in an outer box. Through the tubes, reforming raw material gas is passed and combustion gas passed through the outer box. The reforming tube carries reforming catalyst in its inner face, and carries combustion catalyst in its outer face. The combustion catalyst burns the fuel, so that heat for the reforming reaction is supplied.    In the case of natural gas, a nickel system reforming catalyst is carried on the inner side of the alumina tube and a combustion catalyst such as platinum or paradium is carried on the outer side of the tube.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   There is no need of a burner and its combustion furnace, so the reformer can be made compact. Since a gas passage is formed with the reforming catalyst layer, the amt. of catalyst can be reduced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/5)@
Process comprises using flavono (1) easily soluble in water and antioxidant (2) soluble in water.    Pref. (1) (See Japanese Patent Application 39127/1988) is flavonol glucoside obtd. by the action of transferase of glucose gp. on flavonol glucoside and starch. (2) is at least 1 of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, Ca disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, ascorbic acid, Na ascorbate, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Colouring of food, drinks and processed food is stabilised. The hue of lightness of antocyanine colour matter is improved. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A lead frame fitted with electronic parts is set in both cavities of different depths of both moulds, and molten resin material is injected with pressure to resin seal electronic part. Part of resin seal material is flowed into the resin reservoir through a resin passage provided at the other end of the cavity to discharge remaining air in the cavities. The appts. comprises solid and moveable moulds, cavities made at the parting line facing each other having different depths, gate, resin reservoir, and air vent.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Removes air remained in cavities assuredly, which improves the prod. quality. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma. @(7pp DWg.No 1/8)@
Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma. @(7pp DWg.No 1/8)@
The cooling substrate having channels for cooling media is made by applying photoresist on the surface of the substrate, drying, exposing, and developing to form the photoresist layer having a specified pattern, Au and/or Ag plating on the portions of non-photoresist layer, peeling the photoresist, followed by etching the substrate. The substrate material, is pref., Cu or Ni alloy.    USE -   For cooling substrate for electronic components, capable of making it easily, and preventing leakage of cooling media. @(5pp Dwg.No 0/4)@
Oxide superconductor thin film is formed by controlling vapour streams contg. metal elements generating from multi-source crucibles forcedly for a certain period in sequence by shutters equipped just above the crucibles. The vapour streams reach the substrate intermittently, for growing every atomic layers with the correspondence to a modulation structure of long period cpds..    USE -   For high-output magnets, Josephson devices, and SQUID's, as Cu-oxide system superconductors. @(4pp Dwg.No./1)
In a device for CVD to form film on a wafer by plasma in which the wafer is directed downwards back surface of the wafer is covered by material which provides good conduction and radiation of heat, and the material is electrically connected to electrode to which the wafer is mounted.    ADVANTAGE -   Even if insulation film is adhered to peripheral portion of the wafer deposition can be made stably. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
An electrode for a molten carbonate fuel cell comprises a dual porosity structure of randomly-positioned electrode-active fibres.    The material is formed by forming a slurry of fine ceramic particles and liq. carrier including a binder, forming ceramic fibres from the slurry by spraying it into a gas stream, and treating the fibres formed to remove binder and liq. carrier.    A fuel cell comprises a fuel electrode, an oxidant electrode and an electrolyte, where the oxidant electrode comprises randomly-positioned ceramic fibres of a cathode-active material and fine ceramic particles sintered to the fibres. The oxidant electrode has a dual porosity, comprising micropores less than 5 microns and macropores greater than 10 microns. The electrolyte is an alkali metal carbonate with particles distributed through it to ensure flooding of the micropores of the oxidant electrode with the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides the desired dual porosity structure for a fuel cell without employing pore formers as in the prior art; the latter leave residues and do not always give the required interconnected pores. Moreover, the material produced by the above process is entirely fibrous. @(21pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Prodn. of a superconductive wire material comprises: (a) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 700-900 deg.C, so that a superconductive thin membrane is formed on the gold substrate; (b) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 100-900 deg.C so that a precursor thin membrane is formed on it, and (c) heat-treating the membrane at 700-900 deg.C together with the substrate to be converted into a superconductive thin membrane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A superconductive wire material with good superconductive characteristics such as superconductive transition temp. etc. can be produced easily. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Composite prod. comprises polyimide film prepd. by polymerising diamine components of 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine and 4,4'-diaminodi-phenyl ether in a mol. ratio of 50:50-95:5, and tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride components contg. at least 50 mol.% pyromellitic dianhydride and coated on an inorganic substrate or integrated with inorganic material or a layer contg. inorganic material.    Other tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is, e.g., 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone-, 3,3',4,4'- or 2,3,3',4'-diphenyl ether, 2,3,6,7-, 1,2,5,6- or 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-, perylene-, 3,3',4'.,4'-diphenyl propane-, 3,3',4,4'-diphenyl hexafluoropropene-, 3,3',4,4'-diphenyl sulphone-, cyclopentane- or ethylene bismellitate- tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The polymer is prepd. by polymerising the components in an aprotic polar solvent (e.g., N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, tetramethyl urea, hexamethyl phosphoramide, butyl lactone, etc.).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The prod. has high heat resistance and curling resistance. It is used as a base board for amorphous solar cells by coating it onto metal foil; large scale integration by coating it on chips of Si, Ga or As; passivation film or alpha-ray blocking film for a semiconductor layer by coating it on chips of a large scale integration; insulating film for base metal sheet of Cu, Fe, Al, stainless steel, Ni or invar steel; insulating layer for enamelled wire; vacuum deposited or sputtered film for magnetic recording medium or electroluminescent display; or base film for magnetic tape or magnetic discs.
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
A solar cell comprises a semiconductor substrate (100) of first conductivity type on a portion of one surface of which is a first semiconductor layer (102) of second conductivity type and with a second semiconductor (203) of second conductivity type on the remaining portion of the substrate surface to produce a pn junction (203,202,201,100) having no reverse direction voltage blocking capability. A third semiconductor layer (204) of first conductivity type is formed on the second layer (203), a first electrode (401,402) covers the first semiconductor layer (102) and connects this layer with the third semiconductor layer (204), and a second electrode (403) is formed on the second face of the substrate. A second conductivity type high impurity concn. semiconductor layer (201) is provided between the substrate (100) and the second semiconductor layer (203), a lattice matching layer (202) is provided between the high impurity concn. layer (201) and the second semiconductor layer (203), a window layer (205) is provided on the third semiconductor layer (204), and a reflection preventing film (302) is provided on part of the substrate surface away from the electrode prodn. region.    Pref. the solar cell is a GaAs/Ge series solar cell or a GeAs/Si series solar cell. The method of mfr. is claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The structure prevents destruction due to reverse direction voltage which arises when a portion of a cell in an array of serially connected solar cells comes into shade, and the redn. in output of the solar cell is minimised. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A solar cell comprises: a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type opposed first and second major surface; a first region of second conductivity type extending from a portion of first major surface into substrate; a second region of first conductivity type formed within boundary of first region and including first major surface; a photovoltaic section formed on first major surface, and spaced from first region, and including a first compound semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type and a second compound semiconductor layer of second conductivity type disposed on first compound semiconductor layer; a diode section formed within boundry of second region of first conductivity type; a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on second major surface of substrate; second compound semiconductor layer is connected to a layer of first conductivity type of diode section through section region of first conductivity type by first electrode; a region of second conductivity type of diode section is connected to substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solar cell, formed of a compound semiconductor device, several of which may be connected in series to form a solar generator device. Fabrication is simplified and economic, and the design provides for improved energy conservation. @(13pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Crystalline semiconductor bodies for mfr. of solid state electronic devices, esp. solar cells, are grown having first type conductivity while a zone of second type, forming a photovoltaic junction, is grown at one or more surfaces of the body during growth. The prod. is pref. cut into discrete susbtrates.    Pref. the body is hollow and the zone of second type is grown on the inner or outer surface, or both. The second type zone is pref. formed by diffusion from a dopant source located above the growth interface.    ADVANTAGE -   Solar cell junction substrates are formed at low cost; the front and back surfaces may be conductivity isolated without need for trimming.
Fuel cell comprises: cell units each having an electrolyte plate (12), anode plate (14) and cathode plate (16); separator plates (18) with passages (A,C) on the front and back for supplying fuel gas to the anode and oxidiser to the cathode, the cell units and separators forming a stack; anode side gas supply (30,32); cathode side gas supply (34,36) arranged so that oxidiser gas supplied to one separator plate flows in an opposite direction to oxidiser gas to the adjacent separator plates; and heat transfer means (22,24), e.g. fins, formed on the front and back faces of each separator plate so as to assist in heat transfer in the direction of the stack.    ADVANTAGE -   Stack has a more uniform temp. distribution with min. temp. gradients and a symmetrical temp. profile. @(18pp Dwg.No.2/9)@
Forming Al foil contacts on Si parts comprises: (1) providing an Si member with an oxide layer on it; (2) mechanically removing a portion of the oxide and an adjacent portion of the Si member; (3) providing a roughened surface on the Si member where the portion of the Si was removed, and (4) bonding a contact on the roughened surface by impact pressing Al foil at 500-577 deg.C to the surface.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   To mfr. solar cells from Si spheres disposed in a metal foil matrix. It is cheaper than conventional methods. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
High efficiency solar cell comprises: (1) a Ge substrate with front and back surfaces; (2) a back-metal contact on the back surface of the substrate; (3) a buffer layer with a photovoltaic inhibited junction on the front surface; (4) a GaAs base of one conductivity type on the buffer layer; (5) a GaAs emitter of the other conductivity type on the GaAs base; (6) metal grid lines extending over and coupled to the emitter, and (7) the Ge substrate with its front face angled at 3-20 deg. away from being perpendicular to the (001) crystal axis, towards an angle about half-way between the (111) and (011) crystal axes.    Process for forming the solar cell starts with the Ge substrate with the above orientation, on to which a GaAs buffer layer and additional semiconductor layers, back-metal contact and grid lines are deposited.    ADVANTAGE -   Overcomes the problems previously encountered with forming GaAs devices on Ge substrates, e.g. the cascade effect, in which some of the output arises from the GaAs junction with the substrate. Superior solar cells can therefore be formed, with a Ge substrate, which is tougher and cheaper than GaAs. @(4pp Dwg.No.2/4)@
A sec. battery consists of a positive and a negative electrode made of a conductive polymer, and an electrolytic soln; where the solvent of the electrolytic soln. is made of a mixt. of a cyclic carbonic acid ester cpd. of formula (I) and 2-methyl tetra hydrofuran; where R1 is a 1-3C lower alkyl gp., R2 is a methyl gp. or H; and when R1 is H R1 is not a methyl gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As the decomposition voltage of the elctrolytic soln. is higher than that of conventionally used propylene carbonate etc., even when the charging voltage is raised and the charge finish voltage is raised to some extent, the decomposition of the elctrolytic soln. can be controlled. The quality of the elctrolytic soln. can be prevented from being deteriorated after repeated charge/discharge processes and cycle characteristics can be improved. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Film is formed by sputtering with a wafer surface facing a target. The wafer surface is inclined and moved three-dimensionally about a point on an axis of a centre line perpendicular to the target surface.    USE -   High reliability electrodes, wiring films, etc., are formed. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a colour displayer having a colour display unit in which three kinds of red, green, and blue colour luminous display elements are arranged in a matrix form, each of the red, blue and green colour luminous display elements consists of a fluorescent lamp to emit red, green, or blue light and a lens to cover the front of the fluorescent lamp and also to form a luminous display portion.    The lens to cover the front of the fluorescent lamp and also to form the luminous displayer portion is made of a polyacrylate resin. Also, a lighting control circuit is provided for each of the red, green and blue-colour luminous display elements.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The colour displayer has good heat resistance, mouldability, productivity, controllability, etc. @(4pp Dwg.No.2,3/8)@
In fuel cell operation by supplying fuel into the anodic chamber and oxidant into the cathodic chamber, the anodic chamber is fed with iron pentacarbonyl as fuel and an aq. electrolyte of pH above 9.    The aq. electrolyte is pref. an aq. soln. of an alkali metal hydroxide, pref. of at least 5wt.% concn. (e.g. 30% NaOH soln.) The anodic chamber may be operated at 0-200 bars excess pressure. Pref. additional CO is fed to the anodic chamber.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel can be electrochemically oxidised using precious metal-free anode materials with sufficiently high current densityy at low overvoltage. The fuel can be prepd. in any desired amts. from inexpensive starting materials. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Carbonyl cpd. is made contacting olefin and water to one electrode of ion conductor equipped with catalyst electrode, and oxidising cpd. to the other electrode by means of fuel cell system.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For making carbonyl cpd. such as aldehyde and ketone gps. using fuel cell system. The method facilitates sepn. of reaction prods. and catalyst, less expensive and simple reaction unit, no by-prods. such as Cl2-contg. cpd., no danger of explosion causing by olefin and oxygen reaction, and capable of utilising prod. and energy as electric power.    In an example, acetaldehyde was made by using a reactor equipped with an electrode-fitted ion conductor made by impregnating 85% aq. soln. of phosphoric acid in a disc form silica wool, and applying 10 mg Pd on the both sides of the disc wool, and by supplying ethylene, steam, and He with total flow rate of 33 ml/min. (12:1:20 ml/min. respectively) to the anode chamber, and 25 ml/min. O2 to cathode selectively in the anode chamber. The result obtd. was: 0.092 10 power(-6) mol/min. prodn. rate for 45 deg.C reaction temp., 0.27 mA current passed, with 96% selectiveness, and 102% current efficiency; and 0.981 x 10 power(-6) mol/min. for 122 deg.C and 3.95 mA, with 97% selectiveness and 101% current efficiency. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Rough-surfaced polyester sheet comprises a rough-surfaced polyester sheet contg. many conical projections intimately in contact each other at least one surface. The projections contain big projections having a bottom circle dia. of 12-50 microns and a height of 0.3-0.7 times of the dia. and small projections having a bottom circle dia. of less than 12 microns and the area of the gig projections is more than 50%. The projections are formed by contacting with a polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol.    The polyester: polyethylene terephthalate. The polyhalogenated aliphatic alcohol: hexafluoropropanol.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   It enables total reflectivity of visible lights to less than 30% and vertical reflectivity to less than 4%. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
In a semiconductor device, a semiconductor element such as transistor, IC, etc., is sealed using an epoxy resin compsn. contg. a crystalline epoxy resin (A) contg. 10 wt.% or more 4,4'-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy) -3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbiphenyl of formula (I) where R is H or CH3, novolak type phenol resin (B), and an organopolysiloxane (C) of formula (II), where R1 is H or monovalent organic gp., R2 is a divalent organic gp., R3 is phenyl or aralkyl, m+n = 5-200, m/n = 20-3.    The organopolysiloxane as component (C) reacts with at least one of the components (A) and (B). The pref. mixing proportion of the components (A) and (B) is set up in such a way that the OH gp. equiv. of phenol resin is in the range of 0.8-1.2 on the basis of 1 equiv. of epoxy gp.    The epoxy resin compsn. may, besides the said requisite components, a hardening accelerator, an inorganic filler, a releasing agent, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The semiconductor device is excellent in heat-, moisture- and thermal shock-resistance, as well as in tightness. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The alkaline cell comprises the cathode material consisting of a zinc alloy powder and an electrolyte and phenothiazine or its deriv. which is added at the amt. of 0.001-5.0 pts. wt. per 100 pts. wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder having its surface coated with 0.001-5.0 pts. wt. of phenothiazine or its deriv. per 100 pts. wt. of the zinc alloy powder. The phenothiazine typically comprises a cpd. of the formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cells of reduced mercury content. The content of mercury in the cell can be reduced as generation of H2 can be suppressed. The capability of the cell is also improved. In an example, Zn metal was melted and Pb, Al and In were mixed with the molten Zn. The molten Zn alloy powdered using high pressure Ar. Mercury was added to the Zn alloy powder in 10% KOH alkaline soln. Phenothiazine or 2-methoxyphenothiazine was dissolved in toluene, and the amalgamated zinc alloy powder was put in the soln. Toluene was vapourised to obtain the powder with a coating of the phenothiazine or 2-methoxyphenothiazine. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Formation of very thin film epitaxially grown by passing a substrate at high speed underneath the bath which are made to have slit narrow enough compared to the width of the substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for prepn. of the semiconductor element. Thin epitaxial layer can be stably obtd.    In an example, the substrate was set on the slider, and In and InP, GaAs, InAs were put in the baths at respectively designated amt. The slider was set at given position and those were held at 630 deg C for 1 hr. to melt P, Ga, and As into In sufficiently. Then the whole system was cooled down to designated temp. Then the substrate was moved underneath the first bath pulling the slider to grow InP layer epitaxially for designated time. Then the substrate was moved underneath the bath to grow InGaAsP active layer, then i underneath the bath to grow InP layer. After growing the active layer, a thin layer having intermediate compsn. between InGaAs and InP was grown on the active layer for anti-melt-back layer. Material for growing the anti-melt-back layer was put in the bath. When the substrate was passed underneath the bath the anti-melt-back layer of 50-100 Angstrom in thickness was formed. @(3pp Dwg.No.1-3/3)@
The rare earth permanent magnet comprises the matrix mainly of R(RuxT1-x)2 phase(x=0.03-0.5), in which R2T14B tetragonal magnetic cpd. (R = rare earth elements including Y, and T = transition metals) are dispersed. The permanent magnet is made by magnetic moulding starting powder of the mixt. of R2T14B tetragonal magnetic cpd. and alloy powder contg. mainly R(RuxT1-x)2 phases.    USE -   For rare earth magnet with good oxidn. resistance. @(5op Dwg.No.0/0)
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell has a negative electrode material of zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powders. Opt. negative electrode activator comprises 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine coated on 100 pts.wt. the zinc alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen is scarcely generated in the cell at a lower mercury content. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Ferrocene deriv. of formula (I) is new. In formula R1 and R2 = straight or branched 1-14C alkylene; X and X' = -O- or -COO-; A and A' = -(CH2CHR'O)rH; R' = H or methyl; r = 2-70; Z and Z' = H, methyl, methoxy, amino, dimethylamino, hydroxy, acetylamino, carboxy, methoxycarbonyl, acetoxy, aldehyde or halogen; and a and b = 1-4.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The ferrocene derivs. are useful in surface active agents, which can dissolve hydrophilic organic substances such as phthalocyanine. Hydrophilic organic thin films are formed by hydrolysing the micellar soln. obtd. by solubilising hydrophilic organic substances with the surface active agent. The obtd. thin films are useful as photoelectric transfer and photosensitive materials and solar batteries. @(19pp Dwg.No.0/16)@
A new ferrocene deriv. of formula (I) is claimed, where R = opt. branched 4-18C alkyl or alkenyl, R' = 1-4C alkylene, X = -O- or -C(O)-O-, A = CH2C(R")HOkH, R" = H or methyl, k = a real number of 2-70, each Z and Z' = H, methyl, methoxy, amino, dimethylamino, hydroxy, acetylamino, carboxy, methoxycarbonyl, acetoxy, aldehyde or halogen; and each a and b = 1-4.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides new ferrocene derivs., surfactants contg. them capable of dissolving hydrophilic organic substances e.g. phthalocyanine. Mfr. of hydrophilic organic thin films comprises hydrolysing micelle soln. obtd. by solubilising hydrophilic organic substances with the surfactant contg. the deriv. The obtd. thin films are useful as photoelectric transfer and photosensitive materials and solar batteries. @(14pp Dwg.No 0/7)@
The target material is obtd. by moulding a mixt. of Si-nitride powder, and alkoxysilane hydrolysate, and sintering the moulding.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   High density and high purity prod. Used for mfg. reflection preventive film of thermal heads, image contact sensors, and solar cells. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Photoelectric transducer is prepd. by forming a porphyrin cpd. or its metallic complex thin film on an electrode material as an optical activation layer. The porphyrin cpd. or its metallic complex is solubilised by a micelle formation agent of a ferrocene deriv. in a water soluble solvent and the obtd. micelle soln. is electrolysed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for solar cell, gas sensor, etc. It has improved photoelectric transducer efficiency (PETE), closed circuit photoelectric current (CCPEC) and fill factor (FF).    In an example, an electrolyte is prepd. from 0.198 g non-ionic micelle formation agent (FPEG) of formula (I).
Amorphous semiconductor thin film is formed by supplying raw material gas into a reaction chamber toward a substrate disposed in the chamber; irradiating electron beams from electron guns or ion beams from ion guns into the chamber, controlling the energy of the beams by controlling the acceleration voltage of the guns, decomposing the raw material gas by the energy of the beams to produce film forming radicals, and to form the thin film by reacting the produced radicals on the surface of the substrate.    USE -   For high-quality amorphous semiconductor thin film, improving conversion efficiency, e.g., in amorphous Si-colar cells. @(5pp)
The resin sealed semiconductor device in which semiconductor element is sealed with the resin comprises protective layer of polyimide resin of formula (I) on the surface of the semiconductor element. where R1 = (i); R2 = (ii);e R3 = (iii); m and n are integer, mol ratio of R2 and R3, namely (R2)/(R3), is in the range of 99/1-70/30.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The resin sealed semiconductor device is used for electric and electronic devices. The semiconductor device is improvedly wet-proof. Corrosion and wire-breaking in the device can be eliminated.    In an example, polyimide resin was applied on the surface of the semiconductor element to an applied thickness of 1-10 microns, and heated at 95 deg.C for 5 min., then at 150 deg.C for 2 hrs. The photoresist was applied on the resin surface, and exposed to light. The exposed was developed, rinsed, and dried. Unnecessary portion was removed by etching with hydrazine. After etching, the device was rinsed. The resist was peeled off to form the protective layer (6) of polyimide resin. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/2)
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
In a magnetic head including upper film and lower film of permalloy defining a gap on a board at least one of the films has a rugged surface. The compsn. of the film is uniform and the film has soft magnetic properties.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved playback output and low coercive force. @(5pp Dwg..No.1/3)@
Lithium aluminate having a high specific surface area is produced by treating raw lithium aluminate powders with (pref. high concn of) acetic acid and then removing acetic acid and water.    ADVANTAGE -   Lithium aluminate having a higher specific surface area can be prepd. in a simple manner as opposed to conventional mechanical pulverisation, which are used as an electrolyte supporting material in molten carbonate fuel cells.    In an example, raw lithium aluminate powders having less than 1 micron average dia. and a specific surface area of 20m2/g were immersed in 98.5 wt. % acetic acid for 20 hrs. filtered off and dried. The resultant lithium aluminate powders had 82.0m2/g specific surface area. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Flow cell consists of positive and negative compartments containing flowing electrolytes, and separated by an ionically conducting separator which provides ionic communication. The state of charge of the redox flow cell is determined by: measuring a characteristic(s) of the positive or negative electrolytes related to state of charge of the cell; determining the state of charge from the characteristic(s) Pref. the redox flow cell is an all V redox flow cell, the positive electrolyte contains V4+/V5+ and the negative electrolyte contains V2+/V3+. The measured characteristic may be the open circuit voltage, conductivity or the UV visible absorption of the electrolyte(s).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A redox flow cell in which the state of cah)charge can be determined and from which a selected discharge voltage/current can be provided. @(75pp Dwg.No.1/18)@
Minimising effects of CO poisoning in a fuel cell with a catalytic electrode structure comprises injecting an amt. of O2 into the CO-contg. H2 fuel stream upstream of the fuel cell. The O2 oxidises the CO adjacent to the electrode structure at 160 deg.C or less and raises the cell performance towards that using pure H2. Also claimed is a method in which the amt. of O2 added is adjusted to restore the cell performance to a selected level relative to that with pure H2 (Fig.).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A method of minimising the effect of CO poisoning on the performance of fuel cells, esp. PEM cells, is provided. Also the CO tolerance of phosphoric acid fuel cells is improved. The invention is esp. useful where methanol reforming provides the fuel, since CO tends to be present. Low temp. cell operation is now possible. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
A fuel reformer of a fuel cell to reform hydrocarbon and steam to a H2-rich gas comprises a laminated layer of composite reformer plates having grooves to flow feed gas and grooves to flow reformed gas placed at both sides of a gas-non-transmittable plate, respectively, crossing at a right angle to each other, reforming catalyst being supported in the feed gas grooves on the plate to contact with the feed gas and a combusting catalyst being supported in the reformed gas grooves on the plate.    USE -   Heat generated by the combusting catalyst is used for reforming. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Semiconductor device comprises: (1) a transparent oxide electrode comprising SnO2; (2) at least one amorphous semiconductor layer with a pin- or nip-junction; (3) a back electrode.    The transparent electrode, amorphous semiconductor and back electrode are formed on a glass substrate in this order. The dopant density of the transparent electrode is not more than 0.5 wt.%.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device is used in a solar cell, in which contact resistance between the transparent electrode and the amorphous semiconductor layers is lowered, light absorption in the transparent electrode is improved, and the output power is enhanced. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
Process comprises shifting the lead frames sent in order between the conveyor belt which circulates with masks for pass holes and pattern holes, and pressing belt for fitting sealing materials, stopping both belts temporarily when the liq. pass holes and pattern holes of the conveyor belt and plating liq. ejection holes of the receiving component are matched, pressing the pressing belt to the lead frame side using device to adhere plating partially on the lead frame, shifting both belts simultaneously and sepg. lead frame from the belts to next process.    The device has the lead frame conveyor belt and pressing belt moving synchronously with the lead frame conveyer contacting together, and masks are placed at the peripheral part matching the pass holes and pattern holes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device can shorten handling time and plating time significantly and can improve prodn. efficiency by the simple conveying system and parts arrangement. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Process comprises shifting the lead frames sent in order between the conveyor belt which circulates with masks for pass holes and pattern holes, and pressing belt for fitting sealing materials, stopping both belts temporarily when the liq. pass holes and pattern holes of the conveyor belt and plating liq. ejection holes of the receiving component are matched, pressing the pressing belt to the lead frame side using device to adhere plating partially on the lead frame, shifting both belts simultaneously and sepg. lead frame from the belts to next process.    The device has the lead frame conveyor belt and pressing belt moving synchronously with the lead frame conveyer contacting together, and masks are placed at the peripheral part matching the pass holes and pattern holes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device can shorten handling time and plating time significantly and can improve prodn. efficiency by the simple conveying system and parts arrangement. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Device has insulation film on a cpd. semiconductor wafer. The device is equipped with a mechanism which humidifies, heats and blows inert gas on the wafer in a deaerated processing chamber. The mechanism comprises a humidifier and a heater and diffuser.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device can oxidise the wafer at low temp. by blowing inert gas contg. moisture, and the oxidn. at the low temp. occurs only at the surface to several atomic layers, and almost no defect of crystal occurs by raising the temp. to 300 deg.C in vacuum and plasma irradiation. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Device comprises a water tank having two partitions for dividing two sides of one direction of monomolecular film of amphipatic property organic molecular to be spread, movable barrier for chaning spread ares of monomolecular film on the surface of water between the partitions and dividing two sides of monomolecular film intersecting the partitions, surface pressure gauge, and accumulation mechanism driving the wafer to accumulate the monomolecular film. The partitions have a function that its contact portion with water can move verticaly to the water level Continuously. The partitions consist of e.g., two columns (12 a,b), fig. 1, which are suspended by supporting plate (13) rotatably. Movable barriers (14a,b) are arranged movable to axial direction to the columns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for making organic thin film by Langmuir Blogett's technique. The device can make condense monomolecular film on water surface quickly and uniformly, and can quickly compensate surface pressure drop. @(11pp Dwg.No.1/14)@
Device comprises a water tank having two partitions for dividing two sides of one direction of monomolecular film of amphipatic property organic molecular to be spread, movable barrier for chaning spread ares of monomolecular film on the surface of water between the partitions and dividing two sides of monomolecular film intersecting the partitions, surface pressure gauge, and accumulation mechanism driving the wafer to accumulate the monomolecular film. The partitions have a function that its contact portion with water can move verticaly to the water level Continuously. The partitions consist of e.g., two columns (12 a,b), fig. 1, which are suspended by supporting plate (13) rotatably. Movable barriers (14a,b) are arranged movable to axial direction to the columns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for making organic thin film by Langmuir Blogett's technique. The device can make condense monomolecular film on water surface quickly and uniformly, and can quickly compensate surface pressure drop. @(11pp Dwg.No.1/14)@
Nb3Sn superconducting wire material is made by charging other matrix powder into at least one of tube body of Sn-alloy matrix, Cu-matrix, and Nb-matrix contg. 0.1-15 at% one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf, or charging other matrix powder into the Sn-alloy matrix and/or Nb-alloy matrix tube; working to wire, tape, or tube, followed by diffusion heat treating at 400-950 deg C to form Nb3Sn cpd. phase contg. Ti, Zr, or Hf on the periphery of Nb-matrix.    USE -   For Nb3Sn superconducting wire, having improved formability and intense magnetic field characteristics. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Nb3Sn superconducting wire material is made by charging other matrix powder into at least one of tube body of Sn-alloy matrix, Cu-matrix, and Nb-matrix contg. 0.1-15 at% one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf, or charging other matrix powder into the Sn-alloy matrix and/or Nb-alloy matrix tube; working to wire, tape, or tube, followed by diffusion heat treating at 400-950 deg C to form Nb3Sn cpd. phase contg. Ti, Zr, or Hf on the periphery of Nb-matrix.    USE -   For Nb3Sn superconducting wire, having improved formability and intense magnetic field characteristics. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
A silicon base plate is preheated in an oxidative or nitriding atmos. to form an oxide film or a nitride film. It is then placed horizontally and heated from above to melt to half its thickness or more from the upper surface, leaving a solid portion at its bottom. The molten portion is then solidified starting from the solid melt interface upwards. It is than turned upside down. Finally the surface of the turned base plate is dissolved.    ADVANTAGE -   Used for solar batteries, cheap material can be converted to a quality with a conversion efficiency comparable to that of high purity base plates, by increased grain sizes and reduced impurities. When high purity material is treated in the same way, increased grain sizes contribute to an increase of the conversion efficiency. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Fuel reformer comprises container, double reactor tube arranged vertically in container, plug tube arranged concentrically inside inner tube of reactor tube and having opened upper end and closed lower end, baffle extending radially inside from upper end of inner tube and bent on midway and hanged down into opened upper end of plug tube while lower end is opened.    ADVANTAGE -   Foreign matter can be prevented from entering descending raw material. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
(JP2068864-A)      Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%.
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
An overhanging dielectric method of processing a semiconductor substrate comprises forming a dielectric layer on its surface, damging it to expose an area of substrate, and removing enough substrate to undermine the dielectric, giving a depression in the substrate which is overhung by part of the dielectric (2). Also claimed are a solar cell produced as above and a method of producing it as above.    Pref. the substrate is further metallised to fill the depression and form an electric contact (3), the overhanging dielectric reducing excess spreading of material applied on the dielectric surface. Pref. the metal is applied by electroless plating. Pref. the metal is deposited by a directional method, the overhanging dielectric shading part of the depression so that metal only deposits on the unshaded area. Pref. the dielectric is mechanically damaged and the substrate directly below is also damaged to form a groove. Pref. the substrate is removed by chemical etching.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A method of forming a buried contact solar cell which minimises top contact shading losses is provided. The overhanging dielectric also facilitates alignment of deposited material and can function as an anti-reflective coating. @(22pp Dwg.No.4f)@
The electrolyte for driving an aluminium electrolytic capacitor (condenser), includes silicic acid spiro bicyclic ammonium salt of formula (I) dissolved in an organic solvent. In (I), X, Y = any integral no.; m = 3-6; l = 4-8. The organic solvent pref. consists of an aprotic solvent and a polyhydric alcohol solvent.    The aprotic solvent comprises: N-methyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N-ethyl formamide, N,N-diethyl formamide, N-methyl acetoamide, N,N-dimethyl acetoamide, N-ethyl acetoamide, N,N-diethyl acetoamide, gamma-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulphoxide, or acetontrile. The polyhydric alcohol comprises: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, phenyl glycol, glyceline, erythritol, hexytol, methylcellusolve, or ethylcellusolve.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte is used for driving an aluminium capacitor (condenser). The electrolytic capacitor has stable characteristics over wide range of operating temps. A decrease in electric capacity at low temps. is small, controlling an increase in power consumption. Electric capacity at high temps. has less variation, maintaining constant power consumption and leakage current. No gas generation is observed, causing no poor appearance after continuous use at high temps. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The optical magnetic recording medium has base, dielectric film, magnetic film and reflective film composed of titanium nitride.    Transparent dielectric film of 65nm thickness composed of silicon nitride, is formed on polycarbonate transparent base, then magnetic film of 35nm thickness composed of rare earth-transition metal alloy of TbFeCo is formed, and further reflective film of 100nm thickness composed of titanium nitride is formed by spattering. Glass, polymethyl methacrylate, epoxy and photopolymer can be also used as base, and aluminium nitride, Si-Al-O-N and silicon nitride can be also used as dielectric film. TbFe, GdTbFe, GdTbFeCo, DyTbFe, DyTbFeCo, TbCo, GdTbCo, NdDyFeCo, NdTbFeCo and GdDyFeCo can be also used as rare earth-transition metal alloy thin film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Optical magnetic recording medium of high reflectivity, high C/N rate, and high recording sensitivity can be mfd. with low cost. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Reaction tube appts. comprises a reaction tube partitioned with heat-conductive wall(s) into an exothermic reaction chamber and an endothermic raction chamber; the wall carrying an exothermic catalyst and endothermic catalyst on the sides.    USE -   For reformers for fuel cells. @(4pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
Prepn. of the thermally contractible resin material for electromagnetic shielding consisting of the conductive shielding resin layer of thermoplastic resin mixed with conductive fibres, and the insulating sheath resin layer of only thermoplastic resin comprises forming the conductive fibre bundle by packing long size conductive fibres into bundles with the bundling agent made of thermoplastic resin, or which softening point is up to 10-70 deg.C lower than that of base resin for base of the conductive shield resin layer, with additive of organic titanate coupling agent; forming conductive resin pellets by cutting the conductive fibre bundle coated with resin in designated length, after the resin coating is applied on the conductive fibre bundle with the thermoplastic resin of which softening point is not only higher than that of the bundling agent but also lower than that of the base resin; forming the resin material through mixing, heating and kneading the conductive resin pellets and the base resin with a extruding machine to make molten conductive resin, and then throughextrusion of the conductive resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is used for prepn. of thermally contractible resin for electromagnetic shielding of the wire. Good shielding can be prepd. with less amt. of the fibres. S.G. of the conductive resin can be made smaller. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A coating layer having a smooth surface is formed on the back of a semiconductor wafer, and an adhesive tape is applied to the wafer through the coating layer.    USE -   Adhesion strength between the wafer and the tape is increased. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
Cell comprises gas diffusion electrode with active substance of oxygen, the cell casing having air in-take for outside air, and composite film, consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) thin film and at least one layer of micro-porous film supporting thin film, which is placed between the air in-take side of the gas diffusion electrode and the inner surface of the casing.    Pref. the thin film side consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) of the composite film is attached to the inner surface of the cell casing, and the gas diffusion electrode is directly attached to the micro-porous film side of the composite film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is used for long time purpose. Practical capability of the cell is good in wide range of use from heavy load to light load. Electrolyte leakage resistance and long time storage property are improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
Cell comprises gas diffusion electrode with active substance of oxygen, the cell casing having air in-take for outside air, and composite film, consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) thin film and at least one layer of micro-porous film supporting thin film, which is placed between the air in-take side of the gas diffusion electrode and the inner surface of the casing.    Pref. the thin film side consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) of the composite film is attached to the inner surface of the cell casing, and the gas diffusion electrode is directly attached to the micro-porous film side of the composite film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is used for long time purpose. Practical capability of the cell is good in wide range of use from heavy load to light load. Electrolyte leakage resistance and long time storage property are improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
In a first structure on a semiconductor substrate (1, 4) a super lattice (3) is deposited to allow depsn. of a second semiconductor (5, 6) with a different compsn. and lattice constant. The structure features areas (7) in which the substrate material has been removed and areas (4') in which the super lattice and layers above have been removed. The active devices (9,10) are pref. constructed in the areas where only 1 of the materials remains. Where the 2 materials overlap the super lattice remains present to ensure adaptation. The substrate (1, 4) is pref. Si, the second semiconductor material is pref. GaAs (5, 6). Also claimed is a structure using a Si substrate in which an insulating layer with a suitable latticee constant, e.g. CaF2, is formed between the bulk (1) and the epitaxial layer (4). The first material is pref. a solar cell and the second material pref. forms a laser diode. Also claimed is the first structure with the addition of a layer of heat conductive material (11) coating the inside of the opening (7) etched in the substrate. Also claimed is a structure as above with, instead of the heat dissipating layer, further layers of the second semiconductor are grown epitaxially and a device is formed in them. A pref. process flow for mfr. is also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method allows the use of semiconductor materials with different lattice constants in a combined device without incurring high mismatch related defects in the surfaces, i.e. showing 10-10 power 4 defects/cm2 instead of the 10 power 6/cm2 level currently achieved. This allows similar characteristics to be achieved in the devices as in single material devices. The structures are used for the mfr. of opto-electronic and electronic devices. @(10pp Dwg.No.1d,e,f/5)@
A fuel cell system comprises: several fuel cells connected electrically through a load, where each cell comprises a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte; an autothermal reformer for partial oxidn. and steam reforming reactions; means for introducing fuel through autothermal reformer; means for delivering gases from the autothermal reformer to the anode chamber; means for delivering gases from heat recovery means to a burner; means for introducing pre-heated air to burner for burning excess fuel; means for delivering resulting gases to cathode chamber; means for delivering effluent gases from cathode chamber to autothermal reformer; means for exhausting excess gases, the water produced in the anode chamber and excess O2 in cathode chamber are utilised in autothermal reformer for partial oxidn. and steam reformation reactions.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improved molten carbonate fuel cell system which utilises the cathode exhaust of the reformer, and does not recycle the anode gas.
Appts. comprises ejectors having each different capacities, pipes having closing valves and introducing driving fluid to each ejector, suction pipes having stopper valves and introducing fluid to each ejector, header distributing flow to the driving fluid pipe, fluid flow rate control valve arranged upstream of the head, suction fluid header distributing the fluid to suction fluid pipes, and collecting pipe gathering outlet fluid from the ejectors.    USE -   The appts. is applied for supplying raw material to reformer of hydrogen mfg. appts. used for fuel cell system.
Process comprises: (1) impregnating a cellulose fibre layer comprising pores 0.3-10 micron in ave. dia. with a pitch, opt. by charging fibre layer into an airtight container followed by degassing at 300 deg.C, filling with a pitch and applying pressure for impregnation; (2) opt. removing the pitch in excess; and (3) subjecting the pitch-impregnated cellulose fibre layer to carbonisation and thereafter graphitisation.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides a high strength carbon board having excellent electric conductivity as well as thermal conductivity, and suitable for machining, partic. those 1mm-1cm in thickness, useful for cooling boards of fuel cells.
A high-strength, flat-plate type solid electrolyte fuel cell comprises air supply paths (7) to the air electrodes, through grooves of flat-plate separators (3), air exhaust paths (8) for excess air, fuel supply paths (14) to fuel electrodes and discharge paths (15) for excess fuel. A cell member (1) includes a metal flat-plate separator, air electrode (4), solid electrolyte and fuel electrode (6), at least two cell members being stacked in layers. The separator has many grooves and a layer of air electrode is formed upon it, followed by a film of solid electrolyte and a layer of fuel electrode. Spacers (10) are arranged along the peripheries of the stacked separators.    Also claimed is a fuel cell as above, but specifying that fuel rather than air supply paths pass through grooves of the separators.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A flat-plate type solid electrolyte fuel cell (claimed) which is strong enough to tolerate multiple stacking, may be of large area, and is resistant to long-time deterioration, is provided. Layer spen. is also avoided and uniform heat distribution increases cell performance.
In an electrolyte container (10) for a H2/O2 fuel cell a container (11) with a variable surface is provided. The inner container (11) has an outlet (15) through which electrolyte is pumped away. A length of tubing (16) with openings (17) is fixed to the outlet and to the wall of the inner container (11) which pref. is shaped like a pleated bellows. The size of the holes in the tubing pref. increases with distance from the outlet and the area of the holes summed is pref. greater than the area of the outlet. (15).    Both the inner container (11) and the tube (16) pref. consist of a plastic, pref. polytetra fluoroethylene (PTFE). Pref. the inlet opening into the inner container (11) provides a flow rate of about 400 1/hour and so causes strong turbulence. Therefore only 5-10 holes are required in the tubing to ensure that no large accumulations of gas occur. The variation in the area of the holes ensures that even at the holes furthest away from the outlet (15) significant suction still exists.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The arrangement avoids gas-concentrations occurring in the electrolyte container, which might interrupt the cell operation either in gravity free conditions or when accelerating or decelerating. The fuel-cell is pref. used for space-flight systems.
A photovoltaic cell comprises an open-cellular foam material (10) with a photelectirc material layer (12) on its internal surface area.    Also claimed is an electric current generating cell comprising the foam above in a container (14), the internal coating being a semiconductor or other photoelectric junction material, a pole electrode (20) interconnected to the coating and extending out of the container a fluid or gaseous activating material interacting in the open cells of the foam to produce a current, and a second pole electrode (22) in contact with the activating material and extending out of the chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A foamed photovoltaic energy cell (claimed) is provided, which has increased efficiency due to increased surface area. The cells may be driven by radioactive material or by sunlight. The cell may utilise waste or spent fuel from fission reactors or be used with solar concentrators. The impedence is less than with prior art flat cells.
A heat resistance member including a metal or alloy of Cr, Co, Ni, Fe or Mn having its surface coated with lanthanum oxide, lanthanum + alkali earth metal, lanthanum + alkali earth metal oxide, lanthanum oxide + alkali earth metal, or lanthanum oxide + alkali earth metal oxide, to form a good electric conductivity film resistant to oxidising as well as reducing atmos. at high temp.
A solar battery is prepd. by forming a substrate sheet or film of colourless and transparent polyimide on a heat-resistant supporter, providing a photoelectric converter element for converting optical energy to electrical energy and releasing the supporter from the substrate sheet mounted with the photoelectric element.    The polyimide is prepd. by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of formula (I): where R1 = (a)-(d) and an aromatic diamine of formula H2N-R2-NH2 (II): where R2 is a monocyclic to tetracyclic component when R2 is coupled with the N at the m-position or a bicyclic to tetracyclic component contg. perfluoro gp. when R2 is coupled with the N at the m- or p-position. The tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is e.g. 3,',4,4'- or 2,3,3',4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulphone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane dianhydride dianhydride. The aromatic monocyclic diamine is e.g. m-phenylene diamine, m-tolylene diamine, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The battery is of light wt. and compacted and has a controlled light deterioration to improve the conversion efficiency and the reliability. It is used as electrical sources for portable electronic devices.
(JP2775760-B2)      The method involves adding a fluororesin material to first fine carbon powder material (a) carrying noble metal catalyst containing platinum and ruthenium. The first carbon powder material does not possess water repellent property. A second fine carbon powder material (b) possessing water repellent property is added to the first carbon powder material. The carbon powder mixture is subjected to pressure application casting process to form an electrode substrate. The electrode substrate is heat treated at 200-400degC in oxidising atmosphere.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies manufacture. Improves reliability.
Process comprises: (1) preparing a prepreg by impregnating a base material, e.g. a cellulose paper or a cellulose film, with a varnish comprising a thermosetting resin as the matrix and a highly electroconductive carbon black as the filler; (2) laminating the prepreg; and (3) firing the laminated prepreg.    (claimed) The carbon black above is obtd. by graphitising at 2,000 deg.C or higher, and thus obtd. carbon black is added 2-50 wt.% w.r.t. the amt. of the thermosetting resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides a laminate partic. useful as separators or phosphoric acid type fuel cells, reduced in thickness but still having excellent electric and mechanical properties.
Appts. comprises a liner heat-shield layer adhered to the inner surface of a riser pipe to guide the combustion gas from a burner detect in a lower part of a fuel store vessel. The layer is for moderating the thermal shock applied to the pipe.    USE -   For fuel cell generator systems.
(JP2517750-B2)      Fused salt fuel battery prepn. comprises laminating unit batteries that are prepd. by impregnating porous electrode matrices with alkali metal carbonate electrolyte, then heating to fuse and providing receptor allowing gas flow of oxidising agent and fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   Internal resistance of battery decreases due to uniform impregnation of electrolyte. The battery maintains a high performance for a long period of time. The mfr. is simple.
Electrochemical cell assembly includes pairs of adjacent gas porous plates (18,20) joined to form integral structure that is electrically and thermally conductive and includes a region blocking the flow of gas and electrolyte. Both plates have electrically and thermally conductive particles which are joined together so as to leave a void structure between them, the particles defining boundaries for both plates spaced from each other by a region which is filled with binder (58). The binder extends through the boundaries of both plates into the void structures to form layers of particles in binder in both of them and electrically and thermally conductive particles are disposed in the region between the plates to form a thrid layer of particles in binder. This layer has one surface adjacent the surface on one porous plate and a second surface adjacent the surface of the second porous plate, the boundaries of both surfaces merging with the boundaries of respective plates.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Electrochemical cell is esp. a phosphoric acid fuel cell producing power by electrochemically consuming a fuel and an oxidant The layer of binder prevents the fuel and oxidnat from mixing. The construction of plates and binder reduces the cost and complexity of the cell in mfr. and provides a structure which cannot separate.
The improved hydrodesulfurisation catalyst is partic suitable for the treatment of hydrocarbon fluids having a low sulphur content ie less than or equal to about 50 ppm. It comprises a catalytically active noble metal dispersed in a thin layer on the surface of an inert support having a high specific surface area. the catalyst compsn may include a hydrogen sulphide absorbent which enhances activity and pref comprises alternating layers of the dispersed noble metal and the absorbent. The catalyst is held as a particulate bed in a container eg a stainless steel tubular shell having an inlet and outlet to permit the flow of the hydrocarbon fluid.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst accelerates the hydrogenolysis of sulphur contg cpds without requiring presulfiding. It is not deactivated by exposure to low sulphur content hydrocarbon fluids and does not become a hazardous cpd. More compact appts can be used together with a simplified process for the desulphurisation of feedstocks which may then be fed eg to steam reformer and shift converter processes for the prodn of hydrogen for fuel cell power plants.
On a flat, p-type, Si-surface, which is to form an inversion layer solar cell, a doped dielectric layer is deposited. This glassy layer is formed by annealing or sintering of a gel-like film, deposited on the substrate from a soln. of an organic Si-cpds., pref. a Si-alkoxide.    The compsn. after heat treatment, pref. at 100-700 deg.C., is SiOx in which x is 1-2. The ambient during heat treatment may be an inert gas, oxygen or a mixture of these. Several of these layers may be deposited in succession and at least one contains immobile positive charges, pref. Cs+.    The Cs metal or cpd. to be incorporated as immobile charges may be dissolved ot suspended in the Si-alkoxide soln. and be applied with this by spraying, spinning on, immersion or printing.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The use of built-in charges increases the inversion layer conductivity and reduces the voltage drop during operation. The process allows the charge to be built in either at the interface between Si and insulator, or at a distance from this or as a homogeneous space-charge. This allows the charge to be maximised without causing tunnelling into the oxide, resulting in electron trapping and charge compensation. The charge centres used are immobile in oxide and result in stable devices.
An electrochemical generator apparatus contains an electrochemical cell assembly, which comprises a series of cells and insulation materials in the form of porous partition boards between cell bundles, porous generator insulation, porous cell support boards, porous fuel entry distribution boards and porous fuel conditioner boards. A gaseous fuel contg. hydrocarbons the insulation materials of which at least one is impregnated with a material where the metal is selected from: (a) Mg, Ca-Al, Sr-Al and their mixtures, and (b) the above metals plus NINi.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The invention is used in fuel cells employing hydrocarbon fuel gas at high temps. The metals impregnated form oxides, which prevent deterioration of the cell assembly due to carbon deposition from the fuel; any elemental Ni formed is effective as a fuel-reforming medium.
Yttria-stabilised zirconia thin film is made by hydrothermally treating a soln. of a mixt. of aq. soln. of Zr salt and an aq. soln. of Y salt under satd. steam pressure to produce a mixed oxide sol. of Zr and Y, adding organic thickening agent to the sol; applying the sol to a substrate, drying and firing.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For fuel cells and electronic material having yttria-stabilised zirconia thin film of excellent adherence to a substrate.
An electrochemical generator appts. contains an electrochemical cell assembly comprising at least one electrochemical cell (10) contg. a fuel electrode (18). A fuel (46) contg. hydrocarbons contacts the fuel electrode.    The fuel electrode is impregnated with chemicals which form metal oxides on heating, where the metal of the oxide is selected from Mg, Ca plus Al, Sr plus Al, Zr, Y, Ce and their mixts.    The electrochemical cell (10) comprises a porous fuel electrode (18) contg. Ni, an air electrode (14) and a solid electrolyte (16) between them. The metal of the oxide is Mg, Ca plus Al, or Sr plus Al. Most pref. the oxide is MgO formed by heating Mg nitrate, Mg acetate, or their mixts. The metal oxide attracts any water present in the fuel, and the adsorbed water provides oxygen to combine with carbon from the decomposing hydrocarbon fuel.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The invention is intended for fuel cells operating at 800-1200 deg.C with a hydrocarbon fuel feed, and prevents carbon formation on the anode electrode, exposed electrolyte and metal fibre current collector felts.
Production of a carbon material by heating and carbonising a hard fibre material (which is produced by moulding and hardening wood fibre mixed with a thermosetting resin) in a non-oxidising atmosphere.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For producing a carbon plate using commercially available hard fibre board. A carbon board with high strength and good gas permeability can be obtained at very low cost. It is esp. useful for a cooling plate and an electrode substrate for phosphoric acid type fuel battery, or other uses for which conventionally carbon plate has not been used because of the cost. Synthetic fibre or carbon powder can be used together with the wood fibre, to obtain a carbon material of desired characteristics.
High temp. water contg. heavy metals is flowed through an adsorbing tower packed with electrolytic MnO2 to purify the water and an alkali is added to the water to neutralise it.    ADVANTAGE -   As H2SO4 dissolved from electrolytic MnO2 is neutralised with the alkali, corrosion of various pipes and a tank is prevented and heavy metals in the high temp. cooling water are adsorbed.    In an example electrolytic MnO2 is the most suitable for adsorbing heavy metals in the high temp. cooling water but contains under 1.5% sulphate, which is dissolved in the high temp. water (150-225 deg.C) to form H2SO4. To prevent corrosion of pipes, the alkali is added in such an amt. that the treated water becomes a little alkaline. The cooling water containing heavy metals is passed through a cooling pipe 2, a gas/liquid separator and a lot of pipes. It is fed to a high temp. adsorbing tower by a pump, where electrolytic MnO2 are packed, which is effectively adsorbed heavy metals in high temp. water, e.g. cooling water of fuel cell. As Cl and SO4 are not adsorbed on MnO2, a part of the cooling water is taken out from a valve and after passing through a cooler to drop the temp. of water to 40-60 deg.C, the cooling water is treated by a low temp. purifying device packed with ion exchange resin. The treated water is pressed by a pump, heated by a heater and returned to the gas/liquid separator.
Mineral acid is used as a regenerant and the chemical reaction between the filter medium to be regenerated and aq. soln. of mineral acid is effected above room temp. and below the temp. at which the filter medium loses its water of crystallisation.    Appts. comprises a vessel which holds a cartridge contg. used MnO2, a tank filled with an aq. soln. of a mineral acid, a heater, a circulating pump and hand valves.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used MnO2 is regenerated and reused.
The filter is composed of granular MnO2 contg. 3-7% of crystallisation water with 200-400 deg C of crystallisation water elimination temp. and with specific surface area of over 10 m2/g and with X ray diffraction pattern of r. The MnO2 generated by the electrolysis of manganese salt soln. is grinded, moulded and washed by hot water to remove water soluble impurities.    Mno2 block is obtd. by the electrolysis of MnSo4 water soln. Then it is grinded and sieved at the dia. of 1-4 mm. Then it is washed by hot water.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The filter is applicable to the adsorption of heavy metal dissolved in the coolant water of fuel cell. The filter is stable in a hot water.
High temp. adsorption column loading adsorbing filter material is in flow pass of high temp. treating water, and heavy metal corrosion prods. of Cu or Fe in water are removed. Appts. uses filter material of electrolyte manganese dioxide of which sulphate is eluted by flowing high temp. pure water.    USE -   Corrosion prods. eluted from pipe or heat exchanger and used in high temp. cooling water or fuel cell are removed.
The appts. cleans treating water contg. heavy metal corrosion prods. under a high temp. state. The appts. has a backwashing water supplier for a high temp. adsorption column contg. an adsorption filter material of manganese dioxide, and has backwashing water exhausting appts.    USE -   The appts. removes corrosion prods. dissolved in cooling water of fuel cells at the high temp. state.
In a line for circulating cooling water of fuel cell are arranged in series a device filled with adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metal in hot condition and a device for injecting Fe ion to the water.    ADVANTAGE -   Adhesion of Fe ion or of activated Fe cpd. can provide anticorrosive property to surface of metal to suppress elution of Cu, etc. from cooling pipe to increase life of the cooling pipe.
Metal oxide film is formed on a substrate by: depositing a continuous metal layer, pref. selected from In, In-Sn, Sn, Cd, Cd-Sn, or mixtures of these and doped with Sb or F, onto a substrate; forming a metal oxide layer on exposed surface of metal pref. by heating in 02 abient; contacting oxide layer with a fluxing agent; providing a protective polymer layer on oxide layer; forming discrete metal microspheres by melting metal layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Method for forming metal oxide composites on a substrate, which are optically transparent and electrically conducting. Suitable for example in solar thermal energy conversion, static control films and a surface layers in electroluminescent applications.
A fuel cell comprises (A) at least two cell members (10), each of which has a flat-plate solid electrolyte (7) having a fuel electrode layer (8) on one surface and an air electrode layer (9) on the other surface, (B) separators (1) each of which is arranged between the cell members and comprises frame materials (2) to which are coupled metallic sheets having concave portions (5) and convex portions (4), (C) a fuel supply path (14) and discharge path (16), (D) an air supply path (15) and a discharge path (17), (E) collector members (11) of electrical conductors mounted on the outer sides of the separators of the highest and lowest stages.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good cushioning and gas sealing characteristics are compatible with structural soundness and scaling up, while the cost of providing felt material or foaming body distributors is avoided.
High temp. adsorption appts. comprises (a) a cooling water circular system, connecting with a fuel cell body, and pressure feedback from an exhaust cooling water from a cooling water piping in the fuel cell body to the cooling water system again, (b) an adsorption treatment mechanism for a corroded prod. of heavy metal (CPHM) of which adsorbing the CPHM at high temp. by manganese dioxide for adsorbing CPHM in the cooling water piping, and (c) a treatment mechanism for sulphate ion (SAI) which adsorbs the SAI eluted from manganese dioxide into the cooling water at secondary side of (b).    ADVANTAGE -   The adsorption appts. improves efficiency of the fuel cell.
A high temp. adsorption filter material for the water cooling system of a fuel cell is used for adsorbing heavy metal ion and carrying out colloid elution in high temp. cooling water for cooling the shell of a fuel cell with a cooling tube and cleaning it. The material comprises natural manganese dioxide ore (pulverised to particles) which is heat treated, and acid treated to form manganese dioxide as a filter material contg. crystal structure (not beta beta).    ADVANTAGE -   The material has low cost and improved mechanical strength. It also has similar heavy metal adsorption functions to electrolytic magnaese dioxide.    In an example, natural maganese dioxide having a beta type crystal structure is converted to gamma type by pulverising to the required size, heat treating at 450-550 deg.C in a furnace, dipping in 3-10 N sulphonic acid to improve the surface structure and reforming water of crystallization and then washing to form the filter material.
Methanol reformer comprises an annular main reactor in a heat shield box. Box has a burner combustion gas flow passage. An auxiliary annular reactor outside the box is supported with flow pipes and is downstream from the main reactor.    USE -   For fuel cells.
Evaporator comprises an annular chamber defined by outer and inner walls, and metal tube coaxially set in the annular chamber into an outer and inner annular space; the metal tube composed of a tubular wire net and inner and outer tubular plates.    USE -   For reforming methanol mixed with water.
High temp. adsorbing filtering material for fuel battery water cooling system which adsorbs heavy metal ions and heavy metal colloids of high temp. to purity a high temp. cooling water (for cooling the electrode plates of fuel battery); has hydrated manganese dioxide produced by grinding and granulating electrolytic hydrated manganese dioxide ppte., as the filtering material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Since the hydrated manganese dioxide's firm ppte. obtd. by electrolytic treatment is used after being ground, the strong acid type cation exchange capacity, chemical stability, mechanical strength and hardness of the hydrated manganese dioxide can be fully utilised for efficient purifcn. of the cooling water of fuel battery cooling system, under high temp. condition (150-190 deg.C).
Reactor for water vapour reformer comprises outer and inner tubes coaxially formed providing outer and inner reaction chambers. Catalyst for a pretreating unit is charged in one of the chambers and catalyst for a CO conversion reactor is charged in the other chamber.    USE -   For oil cells power sources.
(JP2658207-B2)      The battery comprises a nickel electrode and a nickel oxide electrode and an electrolyte matrix containing 50-2000 ppm magnesium ions.    USE -   Used as a fusion carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Battery characteristics are stabilised for a long time.
(JP2656073-B2)      Manufacture of fused salt type battery comprises installing flex electrolyte holder having flexible green-matrix dispersed with electrically conductive powder and organic powder.    USE -   Especially in the manufacture of alkali metal carbonate electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Contact resistance between matrix and electrolyte is reduced suppressing crack formation. No requirement for lamination or therefore sintering of electrolyte.
Beta-alumina ceramic raw material and an intermediate prod. are preserved by housing them in a vessel; and sealing the vessel or sealing following evacuation of the vessel. Beta-alumina ceramic, and raw material and the intermediate prod. are preserved by housing them in a vessel; evacuating the vessel; encapsulating inert gas into the vessel, and sealing the vessel.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For preserving the ceramic, the raw material, and the intermediate prod., used as solid electrolyte tubes of Na-S battery or fused salt electrolysis appts. Method prevents wt. increase caused by wet absorption, and deterioration of electrical properties of the sintered compact, and restriction of deformation of the raw material, intermediate prods. and green compact matrix.
Beta''-alumina sintered powder is produced by mixing Na salt powder and Li salt powder, heating the mixt. to fuse it and to form a prod. comprising a cpd. and a solid soln. of Na salt and Li salt, cooling it, mixing the prod. powder and Al2O3 powder and sintering the mixt. at over 1100 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for prodn. of a solid electrolyte tube for a Na-S battery, Al2O3 powder and small amts. of Na salt powder and Li salt powder are uniformly mixed. Firing and grinding steps are reduced. Sintered powder with low aggregating property and high activity is produced.    In an example, Na2CO3 powder and Li2CO3 powder were mixed in a mole ratio of 6.7:1.2. 900g of the mixt. and 5kg of Al2O3 balls were mixed in a ball mill for 2-5 hrs. to form a mixt. A. The mixt. A was heated in an alumina crucible at 500 deg.C for 3 hrs. to produce a mass-prod. B. The prod. B was ground and passed through a nylon sieve with openings of 1000 micro-m to obtain a prod. C. 237.3g of the prod. C, 1262.7g of Al2O3 powder and 10kg of Al2O3 balls were mixed for 5-20 hrs. to form a prod. D. The prod. D was heated at 1200-1350 deg.C for 1-5 hrs. to form beta''-alumina sintered powder.
Solar cell device, in which a series of solar cell elements is connected by interconnects, comprises a metal film between the electrodes of the elements and the interconnectors. The welding area between the metal film and the electrode is larger than the welding area between the metal film and the interconnector. Pref. the metal film is Ag or Au; It is at least 5 microns thick and (10-50 microns thick). The electrodes of the solar cell elements are made of Ti/Pd/Ag. The ratio of the welding area between the metal film and the electrode to the welding area between the metal film and the interconnector is about 3:1.    ADVANTAGE -   Strong and stable welding intensity is obtd. between the solar cell element and the interconnector, which gives a highly reliable solar cell.
N',N'-dimethylammonium-N,N-di methylcarbamate (I) is used as non-aqueous organic electrolyte for electrochemical reactions. The (I) may be used alone or organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, acetonitrile or formamide may be mixed with the (I) within the miscibility range, without the necessity of adding conductive salts.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The (I) is electrically conductive without the addn. of conductive salts or aq. electrolytes and is useful as a non-aqueous organic electrolyte in electrochemical technology and power generation with fuel cells and batteries, and esp. in electrosynthesis reactions involving electroreduction or electrooxidation. The (I) is easily recovered from dissolved substrates and reaction prod. by a simple distn. process. (I) is easily available by reaction of CO2 and dimethylamine.
Semiconductor solar cell substrate is processed by: scribing the surface to form a pattern of holes or grooves; chemically etching to sculpt the surface to a desired patterned shape; and diffusing dopant into the surface to form a semiconductor junction (3).    Pref. the etching conditions provide depletion at the bases of the holes or grooves, forming V-shaped grooves (2) or upstanding pyramid structures (1) whose sides (4) are at an angle of 60 deg. or more to the surface.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface shapes are selected to maximise anti-reflection properties and enhance carrier.
Cells (10) at the focus of a solar energy concentrator are annealed in space by increasing the flux density and decreasing the effective area of the focus (23) to cause increased localised heating in the effective area which rejuvenates cell electrical characteristics. The effective area is moved across the cells to treat successive areas.    Density and area are pref. changed by varying the radius of curvature of the concentrator or by the changing the distance between cells and concentrator. The area is pref. moved by changing the optical alignment of the concentrator w.r.t. the sun. The appts. is claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Partic. for use in low earth orbit, extends efficient service life.
In the mfr. of an electronic device having a flexible substrate, semiconductor layer and an encapsulant layer, the thickness of the substrate and/or encapsulant layer is selected as a function of the elastic moduli of the two layers, so that a neutral plane of the device is located near the semiconductor layer, to prevent damaging stress on the semiconductor layer when the device is flexed. Pref. the neutral plane is located within 20%, pref. within 10%, esp. within 2% of an overall thickness of the device, from the semiconductor layer.    USE -   Esp. in mfr. of flexible, thin film solar cells.(claimed).
AIn a fuel cell stack, the fuel gas and 02 gas flow radially through the cell in opposite, or countercurrent, directions. A pref. stack is a cylindrical stack of bipolar members in which air flows radially inward and an H2-contg. fuel gas flows radially outward.    ADVANTAGE -   Method ensures that the reacting gases become uniformly distributed across the catalytic surfaces.
A fuel cell of the molten carbonate type comprising: an electrolytic layer composed of an electrolysis and a substance which is inert w.r.t. the electroyte; a fuel electrode and an air electrode, both adjacent to and in contact with the electrolytic layer and situated so that the electrolytic layer lies between them; a gas space adjacent to the fuel electrode, which is provided with a current collector plate, a gas permeable plate and a separator; and another gas space adjacent to the air electrode, which is also provided with a current collector plate, a gas permeable plate and a separator. A Li-contg. composite oxide is present in at least one of the electrolytic layer on the side against the air electrode, the air electrode itself and the structural components of the gas space at the side of the air electrode, the oxide causing a chemical reaction when the ratio of Li to K in the electrolyte falls, to form Li2CO3 as a result of the alteration in the ratio between Li and other elements, during a period which the Li/K ratio in an electrolyte consisting mainly of Li2CO3 and K2CO3 is held at 40/60 to 70/30 at a temp. of 600-700 deg.C in the gas atmos. at the side of the air electrode.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The presence of the composite oxide, esp. LiFeO2, causes replacement: of Li2CO3 consumed from the electrolyte by reaction with structural components of the cell during operation of the cell, so that the cell provides stabilised battery characteristics over extended periods of use.
A composite carbon board is prepd. by impregnating a carbonisable thermosetting resin into shaped sheets of expanded graphite, hardening the resin by heating the impregnated graphite sheets and laminating the graphite sheets added with graphite powder or laminating a thermoplastic film shaped sheets of expanded graphite and hot pressing the laminated sheets to fill the internal voids in the graphite sheets with the thermoplastic resin.    The expanded graphite board is prepd. pref. by graphite particles with a strong oxidising agent (e.g. conc. H2SO4 or KNO3) to form a interlaminar cpd. and heating the particles rapidly to expand the particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite board has very high rigidity and high bending strength and impermeability and smooth surface. It is scarcely deformed or boken to have high handling workability. It is used as a sepg board for a fuel cell or insulating board for oven, etc.
Sealing material consists of first inorganic particles having resistance to phosphoric acid, second inorganic particles showing cubical expansion by reaction with phosphoric acid, and binder.    Pref., the second inorganic particles, e.g. consist of Ti oxide, Zr oxide or Nb oxide, etc., and the particles transform into phosphate cpds. by the reaction with phosphoric acid and fill vacancies in the sealing material by the cubical expansion. The first inorganic particles e.g. consist of SiC, carbon, boron carbide or W carbide, etc. The binder, e.g. consists of fluorine resin such as PTFE powder or PTFE dispersion, and the amt. of the binder is 2-15 wt.% of the total amt. of the inorganic particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has good sealing property in the presence of phosphoric acid, and it is suitable for sealing packing of phosphoric acid type fuel cell.
Fuel cell system comprises: a body having fuel and oxidiser electrode (11, 12) and an electrolyte matrix (13); fuel gas reformer; fuel gas supply (20); air blower (6) for the oxidiser electrode; an exhaust (24) for fuel electrode off-gas; an exhaust closure (23) for use when the cell operation is terminated; circulation system (25) for the fuel electrode gas when
A solar cell comprises 1) a compound semiconductor substrate with opposed front and rear surfaces including at least one sepn. region for receiving an interconnecting electrode; the sepn. region extends through the substrate form the front to the rear surface and is of a conductivity type different from that of the substrate, 2) a first compound semiconductor layer of the same conductivity type as the substrate, on the front surface of the substrate, 3) a second compound semiconductor of the second conductivity type, on the first layer opposite the substrate, forming a rectifying junction with the first layer, and in communication with the sepn. region, 4) a first electrode on the rear surface of the substrate, spaced from the sepn. region, and 5) and interconnecting electrode in electrical communication with the second layer at the front surface, extending to the rear surface over the sepn. region.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is particularly suitable for space applications. It has both electrodes accessible on a single surface, and can be fabricated with multiple cells on a single substrate. It has high light-to-electricity conversion efficiency, and good resistance to damage from the extra-terrestrial environment. (First major country equivalent to J02000384-A)
A flexible support substrate for a photovoltaic solar generator is made by placing a Kapton film (RTM polyimide film) on a heatable laminating table; coating the film with an adhesive; applying an adhesion-promoting layer; applying a layer of glass fabric and impregnating the glass fabric with a silicone adhesive; before the silicone adhesive has hardened, applying a tear-off fabric layer; hardening the composite of Kapton film, glass fabric and tear-off fabric under vacuum; and before bonding the solar cells onto the flexible support, removing the tear-off fabric layer so as to provide an opened up structured silicone surface for bonding the solar cells onto.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process provides a simple means for a support substrate bearing a cured silicone surface onto which an array of interconnected solar cells can be bonded to provide a solar generator which can be rolled up prior to use. Pref. the solar cells are bonded to the support with a silicone adhesive to provide a flexible solar generator with high strength and resistance to atomic oxygen. The solar generators are resistant to conditions encountered in space travel (eg -180 to +100 deg C, 10-12 Torr) and are esp. useful for orbiting spacecraft where atomic oxygen may be present.
Polyimide polymer comprises the imidized condensn. prod. of: a) a diamine, opt. 2,2-bis(3-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane or 2,2-bis(4- aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane; and a mixt. of dianhdyrides comprising: b) pyramellitic dianhydride; and c) at least one additional dianhydride having a diaryl nucleus, the dianhydride mixt. contg. 35-75 mol    of component (b) and 25-65 mol% of component (c).    A film prepd. by coating a soln. of the polyimide in an organic solvent and evaporating the organic solvent, a fibre prepd. from the copolyimide and a composite comprising the polyimide mixed with reinforcing fibres are also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Polyimides are sol. in common organic solvents, have good film forming properties and improved mechanical and electrical properties compared to the corresp. homopolyimides. Polyimides have good heat stability, insulating properties, high tensile strength, dielectric consts. of less than 2.5 at 10 mega H3 and are used in prepn. of protective coatings for solar cells.
An electrochemical device comprises a containment vessel and an optional ceramic material within the vessel. The device includes at least one electrochemical cell, which comprises a porous, exposed electrode in contact with a solid electrolyte. At least one of the exposed electrode, the containment vessel, and the optional material therein contains a deposit selected from a metal oxide and a metal salt which can form a metal oxide on heating. The metal is selected from Ce, Sm, Mg, Be, Ca, Sr, Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, La, Pr, Nb, Pm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U and their mixtures.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is used as a fuel cell or a gas sensor for vehicle exhaust. The invention prevents SiO2 and Al2O3 formation on the electrodes; such as deposits.
(JP2510676-B2)      The fuel battery has a separator comprising an electrolyte between the gas diffusion electrodes. One electrode is the fuel pole which polarises gas and the other is an air pole which oxidises the gas. A manifold collectively supplies and exhausts oxidising gas and fuel gas to and from the poles along the gas flow path. Flow path resistance has the relationship of pressure loss (delta P) and head pressure (D.delta x H) such that delta.P &gt; D.delta x H, where H is manifold height. The resistance is determined by projections varying the gauge of the flow path.    USE -   Used in a fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Gas flow imbalance in the laminate layer can be prevented without redn. in efficiency.
Glassy carbon having up to 10% of micropores less than 0.01 micron dia. is produced. Raw phenol resin is cured at 140-180 deg. C under a pressure higher than 20 kg. It is further heated to 300-400 deg. C at a rate less than 3 deg. C/hr in a non-oxidative atmos.    ADVANTAGE -   Glassy carbon having a dense structure can be produced, which is suitably used as a separator for phosphoric acid type fuel cells.    In an example, "BXL-274" (RTN, phenol resin, Showa Kobunshi Corp.) was preliminary cured at 100 deg. C for 2 hrs. and pulverised. The powders were put in a die and heated at 160 deg. C under a pressure of 10 kg/cm2 in a non-oxidative atmos. to form a 120 x 120 x 1.2mm moulding, which was sandwiched between graphite plates and heated to 400 deg. C at a rate of 3 deg.C.min., then to 1000 deg. C at 10 deg. C/min. The amt. of the micropores higher than 0.01 micron dia. was measured to be 0.1%.
Drying oil contg. cellulose fibres (a) and phenol resin (b) are mixed; the moulding of the mixt. is carbonised in a non-oxidative atmos. at a temp. above 800 deg. C.    The drying oil is e.g., tung, linseed or perilla oil. Suitable amt. of the drying oil is 10-30 wt. %. The amt. of (b) is 60-160 pts. wt. w.r.t. 100 pts. wt. of (a). (a) and (b) are mixed by kneader and press-moulded at 150-180 deg. C; the moulding is sandwiched between graphite plates, then carbonised.    ADVANTAGE -   Thick as well as thin glassy carbon plates can be produced, which have no foams and cracks. They are used for fuel cells and electronic components.
The fuel reforming unit has a reaction tube filled with reforming catalyst and the tube is heated by heating media flowing along the side wall of the tube, and the reforming raw material gas --flowing back from the reaction tube is reformed to hydrogen rich gas. The charging density of the reforming catalyst in the reaction tube is higher the nearer it is to right angle direction to side wall.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The heat transfer performance is best far from the side wall, which makes the temp. difference of temp. distribution to radial direction become small, so there is need to heat the side wall excessively to obtain mean temp. of reforming reaction for obtg. the predetermined hydrogen quantity in the reforming gas, but rather lower than conventional temp. which extends the service life of the reaction tube.
The process comprises : (1) forming an anodic oxidn film on the surface of an Al-substrate; and (2) heating the resulting substrate at 250-450 deg C to deprive adsorbed or occluded gas of the substrate.    An alumite substrate for magnetic disc is mfd by a process above, using an Al-substrate comprising 4-5 wt% of Mg opt with 0.05-0.4 wt% of Cu. The anodic oxidn treatment is effected in an oxalic acid electrolyte. The anodic oxidn treatment is performed in two steps, comprising : obtaining an oxidised film of the desired thickness; and suddenly dropping the voltage after reaching the predetermined thickness and continuing electrolysis at a constant voltage; and this process is apply repeatedly.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides alumite substrates partic low in emission of gas such as H20 and C02, suitable for use in magnetic discs, solar cells, vacuum apparatuses, and printed circuit boards.
A photoelectrochemical cell (10), which serves as both a solar and a sec. cell, comprises a positive electrode (12) of conductive semiconductor which can generate electron-hole pairs on exposure to light (22) and a Chevrel cpd. having a three-dimensional structure which allows metal atoms to be de-intercalated as ions by reaction with the holes, with a current collector (18) contacting the electrode.    A metal ion conductive solid electrolyte (14) contacts one side of the positive electrode, and a negative electrode (16) contacts teh other side of the electrolyte and also has a current collector (20).    The semiconductor absorbs irradiating light of energy exceeding the band gap and the cell is photoelectrochemically charged, and discharged when the electrodes are connected.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A solid-state photoelectrochemical cell functioning both as a solar and a sec. cell, and useful in electronic watches, computer power sources, memory backup, and photoelectric power generation or storage, is provided.    The cell is simple, small, cheap, and has good reversibility.    It has long life and is capable of rapid photocharging and discharge. (First major country equivalent to J01315967-A)
The corrosion resistant material comprises high purity metal Cr of at least 99.9%, having at least 95% relative density.    USE -   For containers (electric cell) of fuel cells, in which the anode and cathode active material is housed.
Natural gas feed stock (20), fuel (22) plus air (21) is conventionally processed at the front end (24) by reforming, CO shift, CO2 removal, methanation etc. to obtain feed for the NH3 synthesis loop (26) for NH3 prod. (27) formation. A purge (28) is fed to the anode (29A) as fuel for a cell (29). Anode exhaust (36) is mixed with fuel (22) for supply to the process front end (24). The stream (35) from the front end (24) CO2 removal unit is mixed with air (34) and passed to cathode gas recycle loop as oxidant, cathode (39c) exhaust gas is partially recycled (31) and the rest vented (30). Heat generated in the cell (29) is esp. utilised in a waste heat boiler (33) for steam prodn. for compressors etc. Cells (29) are in stack form.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Purge gas contg. H2 and CO2 off gases are efficiently utilised leading to a better overall energy balance. Since CO2 waste is now utilised, greenhouse effect in atmos. is alleviated. Capital costs are reduced. Heat produced in cell is used in NH3 prodn.
Closed cycle electrical power system comprises: an H2/hal fuel cell wheel produces electrical energy and a haloacid; an accumulator for the haloacid prod; a generator which reacts the haloacid on demand with a metal to generate H2 for recycle to the fuel cell; and means for feeding the metal to the generator without introducing contaminants. The hal is pref. Cl.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as an energy source for e.g. underground missile bases etc. System provides H2 on demand avoiding need for H2 storage.
A conductive substrate (11) for the deposition of material upon it such that an insulating layer is deposited on the substrate. The insulating layer contains apertures which themselves contain conductive material formed from the substrate. In this way metallic nucleating centres are created for the adherence of a layer of material covering the substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. for liq. crystals displays and solar photovolatic cells. The electrical contact between the deposited material and the conductive glass is designed to be strongly adherent and rigidly achievable.
The apparatus (1) includes an inner pipe whose wall portion comprises hydrogen separation element containing metal hydride or hydrogen storing metal alloy. The inner pipe is enclosed in an outer pipe, the space between which is led towards the fuel pole (3) of a battery. CO2(4) and hydrogen (2) are separated from the exhaust gas (7) of the fuel pole by the hydrogen separation element and supplied to air pole (5) and fuel pole, respectively.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables effective usage of fuel pole exhaust gas.
An antireflection (AR) film esp. for use on plastics comprises a re-liquified sol-gel hydrolysation, condensation polymeric reaction prod. of a silicon alkoxide and/or a metal alkoxide.    In partic. the polymeric reaction prod. is formed from a system contg. the alkoxide(s) mixed with water and a catalyst in an alcohol soln.    pref. the metal alkoxides are r . of formula M(OR)x with M = Si, Ti, B, Al, Zr or other ceramic-type metals; R = 1-4C alkyl; and x = valency of M.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The AR film is suitably applied to acrylics or polycarbonates which are to be used in solar thermal or solar photovoltaic applications.
A method of enhancing the electrochemical conversion of fuel and O2 to electricity and water in fuel cells comprises contacting the reactants with a catalyst, consisting of at least 50 at.% Pt,Ga, and at least one of Cr,Co,Ni and mixtures, at a cathode. Pref. the catalyst contains 5-20 at.% Ga; pref. it contains Cr, or Co and Cr. Pref. the catalyst is supported in a carbonaceous material and displays at least 30 m2 surface area per gram of catalyst.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A stable, long-life, noble metal ternary alloy catalyst for fuel cell electrodes and other catalytic structures is provided. The catalyst resists sintering and chemical dissolution during operation and thus improves the long term use of the fuel cells.
(US4956244-A)      Battery system comprises a redox flow battery and an electrolyte regenerating cell comprising: catholyte chamber supplied with anolyte from the battery; cathode; anolyte chamber sepd. by membrane and contg. formic acid; anode; a voltage source for the regenerating cell; and piping for returning the regenerated anolyte back to the anolyte tank.    The regeneration cell converts metal ions of a high valence state in the anolyte back to a low valence state.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In redox flow battery power storage systems. The electrolyte is regenerated cheaply and easily and without generation of noxious gases. (First major country equivalent to J01307173-A) (Previously notified in Week 9039
The corrosion resistant material has a relative density of at least 95% and comprises Cr metal of at least 99.9% purity.    USE -   For anodes, and containers (electrolysis cells) for housing cathode active material in fused carbonate fuel cells.
A fuel reformer to reform feed gas to H2-rich gas comprises reactors (10) filled with catalyst and heated by combustion gas flowed along walls of reactors. The reactors are provided with fins (20) gradually densely arranged from the upstream of the combustion gas to its downstream so that combustion gas can gradually densely be contacted with the reactors from its upstream to the downstream.    USE -   To uniformly transmit heat from the upstream of combustion gas to its downstream to uniformly heat reactors.
(JP2752987-B2)      The plant uses a fuel battery. Fuel gas and oxidising agent gas are guided to an anode (2) and a cathode (3) of the battery respectively. An electric output is obtained when electrochemical reaction takes place between the fuel gas and the oxidising agent gas. The voltage from the battery main body (1) is measured by a voltmeter (31). Inert gas is supplied beforehand to the cathode through an oxidising agent gas supply valve, when it is in waiting condition. Fuel gas is supplied beforehand to the anode through a hydrogen fuel gas supply valve, when it is in waiting condition. A controller controls cell voltage to a predetermined limit by controlling the oxidising agent gas supply valve and the hydrogen gas supply valve.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents internal combustion in cathode.
Compsn. comprises Na3+3x-yY1-xSi3-yPyO9, where 2x-y = -0.1-1, and y = over 0 to 0.8.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Alkali metal ion conductive compsn. used for barrier walls of a Na-S cell, and for solid electrolyte.
A liquid crystal device comprises a cell unit having a pair of optically transparent substrates (1, 1') each having an optically transparent electrode layer (2, 2). The novelty is the presence of an alignment layer (3, 3') for liquid crystal: (7) formed in this order on one side of the substrate. The substrates are in spaced relationship with the respective alignment layers facing each other. The alignment layers are of a polymer having both a ring structure and a substd. gp at the side chains and are subjected to a rubbing treatment.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The use of the alignment layers ensures a great and uniform pretilt angle for liq. crystal molecules. The layers may be used for super twisted nematic liq. crystal display devices and also for ferrodielectric devices (claimed). Conmmventionally great and uniform pretilt angles could only be attained by the oblique vacuum deposition technique which entails a higher cost than the novel method.
In silicon prodn. by reacting aluminium with gaseous silicon cpds. of formula SiHnX4-n (X = halogen; n = 0-3), the novelty is that the gaseous silicon cpd. is intimately contact with a finely divided molten surface consisting of pure Al or Al-Si alloy. The molten aluminium may be finely divided in a chamber contg. the gaseous silicon cpd. or the latter may be finely dispersed in the molten aluminium.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is used for solar cell silicon mfr. Almost quantitative conversion to silicon is obtained in an efficient manner.
A method of etching a thin layer of indium tin oxide deposited on a substrate comprises subjecting the layer of indium tin oxide to ion reactive etching in a plasma consisting of dissociated argon.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The films are used, in the form of finely patterned transparent, conductive layers, in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, e.g. displays, heterojunction solar cells, colour image pick up tubes and electrochromic display devices. The invention overcomes the problems of contamination and difficulty of producing fine lined patterns associated with prior art techniques.
Metallic tellurides are produced by dissolving metal alkoxy monotelluro-carbamates of formulae (1)-(4) in an organic solvent; and thermally decomposing the organic solvent soln. in an inert gas atmos. In the formulae M is a metal element; R is 1-10 C organic gps.; n is an integer.    ADVANTAGE -   Large area metal telluride thin films like ZnTe, CdTe or CuInTe having a desired pattern can be prepd. These thin films are used for solar cells.    In an example, 2g of Zn(II)N,N-dibutylditelurocarbamate were dissolved in 100 g of dibutylamine; the soln. was refluxed for 30 min. and was spin coated on a pyrex substrate at 3000 rpm; the coating was dried for 10 min. and fired at 500 deg.C for 30 min. in Ar gas stream; A faint-yellow uniform ZnTe thin film 3000 angstrom thick was obtd.
Metallic selenides are produced by dissolving the metal alkoxy monoseleno-carbamate of formulae (1)-(4) in an organic solvent; thermally decomposing the organic solvent soln. in an inert gas atmos. In the formulae M is a metal element; R is 1-10 C organic gps.; n is an integer.    Pref. the organic solvent soln. is thermally decomposed in an oxidative atmos.    ADVANTAGE -   Large area metal selenide thin films are used for solar cells.
Prodn. of a composite chalcogenide of a single metal (or of composite metals), comprises heat-decomposition of a compsn. made of more than two cpds. having different chalcogen elements chosen from an organic metal cpd. chosen from metal N,N-dialkyl chalcogenocarbamates (I), metal alkoxy chalcogenocarbonates (II), metal N,N-dialkyl mono chalcogenocarbamates (III) and metal alkoxy monochalcogenocarbonates (IV), and an organic solvent under an inactive atmos. (M:metal element, R:1-10C organic group, X:S, Se, Te, n:1-5).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Metal chalcogenides are useful as pigments, or used for solar cells, light accepting devices, image recording devices, or EL devices. Here, a metal chalcogenide thin membrane can be easily produced on a substrate having large area and complex shape.
Prodn. of a sulphide of a single metal (or of composite metals,) comprises dissolving an organic metal cpd. chosen from metal N,N-dialkyl dithiocarbamates of formula (I), metal alkoxy dithiocarbonates of formula (II), metal N,N-dialkyl mono thiocarbamates of formula (III) and metal alkoxy monothiocarbonates (IV), in an organic solvent, and heat-decomposing it under an inactive gas atmos. In formulae, M : metal element; R : 1-10C organic gp.; and n : 1-5.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Produced metal sulphides are useful as pigments, or used for solar cells, light accepting devices, image recording devices, or EL devices, CRTs and lighting instruments. A metal sulphide thin membrane can be easily produced on a substrate having large area and complex shape.
The proposed element contains a fibrous base. One side of this base is provided with a reflective layer for solar radiation and the other side with a reflective layer for thermal radiation, which is also coated with a decorative material.    The solar radiation reflector comprises zinc oxide, titanium oxide or calcium carbonate distributed in a palstic based matrix. The thermal radiation reflector is made of a metallic pigment in a plastic matrix. The decorative coating contains granules of pigment or granules soluble in a polymer. The matrix is preferably of a foam type and contains air bubbles.
A film comprising a polymorph of a phthalocyanine is prepd. in a low-gravity environment of at most 0.1 G; the film has a surface roughness factor less than 1.000010. The film is prepd. by closed chamber physical vapour transport (PVT). This comprises: a) providing an evacuable chamber contg. organic source molecules near one end, and a substrate near the second end; the substrate is optionally at least partially coated with a layer of crystallographically uniaxially oriented molecules; b) outgassing the chamber to 10 power (-6) - 10 power (-10) Torr, optionally introducing a buffer gas at 0.001-10,000 Torr, and sealing the chamber; c) subjecting the chamber to a low gravity environment of at most 0.1 G, and d) heating the chamber in such a way that the source molecules are -sublimed, whilst cooling the substrate end to a temp. which is 0.25-0.99 x the first end temp. in deg.K, for a time sufficient to deposit source molecules as a film of the desired thickness on to the substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Suggested uses include areas of technology where optical, electronic and chemical properties of organic thin layers depend on film surface smoothness and uniformity, e. photoconductive imaging, photovoltaic and energy conversion devices, etc. Compared with layers prepd. under unit gravity conditions, the articles have layers which are smoother, contain 50-90 wt.% of novel crystalline forms of phthalocyanine cpds., contain lesser amounts of other polymorphs, and have more homogeneous optical properties.
A high temp. fuel cell reforming catalyst comprises a Pt gp. metal and/or a noble metal, on a support. In use, the catalyst reforms fuel contg. hydrocarbons.    The metal is Rh, Ru (pref.), Pt or Au, and the support is a rare earth oxide, ZrO2, CeO2 or MgO. The catalyst may comprise Ni and a Pt gp., and/or noble metal. A fuel contg. a hydrocarbon is reformed within a high temp. fuel cell by contacting a gas stream contg. the fuel with the catalyst. A high temp. fuel cell comprising the reforming catalyst is claimed.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst has better corrosion resistance and resistance to deactivation of the electrolyte of a high temp. fuel cell.
On a substrate the required n-type or p-type conducting layers are formed by deposition of several layers (A,B,C) of single elements or cpds. followed by reaction between these layers. The reaction is pref. brought about by a temp. increase, e.g. an anneal. The cpds. formed must be stable under the reaction conditions and the elements and cpds. deposited must be capable of being converted under the reaction conditions.    The process can use several deposition methods, e.g. evaporation, sputtering, CVD, plating. Stoichiometry is achieved by thickness control. The homogeneity of the reaction prod. is influenced by the order of deposition and the anneal process conditions. Anneal can take place in various ambients or in closed systems. heating can be homogeneous or inhomogeneous.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process avoids the use of toxic gaseous cpds. in the mfr. of the layers. This reduces the environmental hazards as well- as the cost of the process. The process is used for the mfr. of solar cells.
A glass with a transparent electrically conductive layer, for forming both the support and an electrode of an amorphous silicon photocell, is claimed, the layer comprising indium oxide obtd. by pyrolysis of an organo-indium salt powder in suspension in a gas directed onto the hot glass.    Prodn. of a light diffusing, transparent, electrically conductive layer comprises directing onto glass a gas contg. a suspended powder based on an organo-indium salt with addn. of at least 3 (pref. 5.5 or 10) wt.% anhydrous, hydrophobic, finely divided silica based prod.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The coated glass is used as electrode in thin film photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells for driving motors. A transparent conductive layer, which has good conductivity and easily controlled thickness and which can be made diffusive, is obtd. under economical industrial conditions.
An appts. for the continuous casting of Si has an induction coil and an electrically conductive bottomless crucible divided axially into several circumferential parts within the coil. Below the boundary surface level of molten Si is a radiation heater for solidified and molten Si within the crucible. The temp. of the heater is controlled so the temp. gradient from the boundary surface is between 25 and 100 deg. C/cm inwards until the temp. reaches 500 deg. C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polycrystalline substrate continuously cast can be used in solar cells. High quality and inexpensive cast lump is produced without thermal strain. Solid Si can be easily pulled down without high power requirements and the process is economical on an industrial scale.
Semiconductor device is formed by providing an Si substrate having an Si3N4 layer on one surface; coating the Si3N4 with a paste contg.: one of Ni, Ag, Pd, Pt and Rh; a Pb (boro) silicate glass frit; and an organic vehicle; and firing so as to cause the paste to penetrate the Si3N4 and form an ohmic contact on the first surface.    Metal is Ag or Ni and frit is a Pb silicate contg. 5-80 wt.% Pb; the frit may also contain up to 30 wt.% B2O3. The paste is applied by screening and firing is performed in air at 650-850 deg.C for 15-60 sec. A second contact, pref. of Al or Ag, is provided on the second surface. The paste includes up to 10 wt.% terpineol or up to 2.0 wt.% ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. with photovoltaic semiconductor junction devices (claimed), esp. in forming the grid electrode of solar cells. Low cost metallisation is provided, leaving the surrounding Si3N4 to serve as an anti-reflection and protective layer.
Two sheets of an electrically conductive metal are welded together from one side only by positioning the two sheets face to face and pressing against the opposite surface of one of the sheets two electrodes straddled apart across the region to be welded, contracting the other sheet with a third electrode and then measuring the resistance between the two electrodes and the third electrode. Comparing the resistance value with a predetermined figure and clearing the surface areas of the workpiece if the value is higher than the reference value or applying welding current to the two first electrodes if the value is below the reference value.    A solar panel having individual solar cells each having thin metal contacts to be welded, is formed by placing the contacts together, comparing the electrical resistance between the sheets near the weld region with a standard resistance and only welding when the resistance measured is below the value of the standard resistance, the welding carried out from one side only.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is useful for joining together two conductive sheets by welding processes, by measuring the resistance between the sheets, and comparing with values for clean component contact, the state of cleanliness of the sheet surface can be detected, and either cleaned or welded as applicable. The use of double electrodes allows the sheets to be welded together from one side only.
The effects of excessive lattice mismatch in soln. grown heterostructures are reduced by incorporating a lattice graded interface layer between the substrate and the heteroepitaxial layer. Lattice and thermal expansion mismatch are also reduced by reducing the contact area between the substrate and grown layer with a selective growth mast which contacts where growth initiates on the substrate.    The effect of unfavourable solubility biases leading to dissolution of the substrate is reduced by double saturation of the solvent and selective supersaturation of the solvent with the growth material. The substrate surface is prepd. for heteroepitaxial growth by providing a cap layer, such as Ge, which cleans, and may also realign, the substrate surface.    USE -   For fabricating large area electronic quality GaAs layers on Si substrates for various electronic and optoelectronic applications e.g. solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
Fuel cell includes a wick (26) at the bottom of the cathode chamber for removal of static water prod. The wick contacts an exhaust manifold (20) contg. a conduit structure (22,24) which is permeable to liq. but impermeable to gas at gas pressure below the bubble pressure (P) of the conduit, where P = 2X (surface tension/pore radius), where the pore radius relates to the pore size of the conduit structure.    The conduit structure is pref. circular in cross-section and fabricated from sintered glass or a valve metal.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. used with H2/O2 fuel cells. Wick operates to remove water in any position or orientation, and in presence or absence of gravity.
Metallised film is claimed comprising: (I) substrate layer of synthetic polymeric material; (II) adherent layer on surface(s) of (I) comprising copolyester resin derived from (a) aromatic polycarboxylic acid (or polyester-forming equiv.), (b) sulphonic acid deriv. of aromatic polycarboxylic acid (or polyester-forming equiv.), and (c) stoichiometric amt. polyhydric alcohol(s), and having alkali metal content below 0.005 g. atom%; and (III) metallic layer on surface of (II). Also claimed is its prodn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Film provides strong, flexible material having oxygen-/moisture-/light-barrier props. and resistance to impact-induced rupture by adhesive bond failure. Uses include: packaging for crisps, bag-in-box drinks etc.; decorative drapes; solar panels and magnetic recording media.
The process requires the formation of a dielectric layer on the substrate surface. This layer is locally removed to expose the substrate material. The exposed substrate is etched without attacking the dielectric layer. The substrate material etching is carried out until sufficient undercutting of the pattern formed in the dielectric layer has been achieved. The hole/moat formed is then filled with metal, and forms an electric contact. The overlap of the dielectric material ensures excessive widening of the contact pattern on top of the dielectric layer is avoided. The metal is pref. deposited by electroless depsn. Also claimed is the structure formed by depsn. of metal over the entire surface of the silicon. In this case the dielectric layer overlap ensures metal is only deposited in the lower part of the moat. The dielectric layer may also be removed in localised areas by mechanical methods and the substrate exposed is pref. chemically etched.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process reduces the shadowing action of the substrate contacts on the solar cells on which they are used, compared with current contacts. The mfg. steps are simple and series-resistance is significantly reduced. The dielectric layer can also be used as an anti-reflection layer.
The cleaning device of the image forming device, comprises an elastic cleaning roller kept in contact with the scanning photoreceptor for sliding the surface of the photoreceptor, and the absolute value of the surface potential of the cleaning roller at the contact position of the photoreceptor and the cleaning roller is kept higher than that of the photoreceptor. The cleaning device comprises a means for charging the surface of the photoreceptor at the contact position, in the polarity same as that of the cleaning roller.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cleaning property is improved, and the image of high quality is formed for a long period. @(4pp DWg.No.1,2/2)@
The speed regulating system is based upon adjustment of a fuel supply valve (7) when a specific speed is reached. The valve has a plunger actuator (9) that is moved by a lever (15) is pivot mounted on to a frame.    The input to the lever is provided by a sleeve (10) that is mounted on a rotating spindle coupled to the turbine output shaft. A pair of centrifugal masses (5, 6) respond to speed changes to vary the lever position. A second lever (18) provides a set control action.    ADVANTAGE -   Precise control of speed. @(20pp Dwg.No.1/8)@
The hydroelectric generator, comprises an inflow structure provided with lateral walls and a step which is located between the lateral walls. A runner is provided with a shaft with blades extending out from the shaft and circular elements at the lateral ends of the runner. The circular elements are in sealing relation to the lateral walls of the inflow structure. The step has an inflow opening formed there for admitting water past a blade which is at the step.    Each of the blades has an outer edge which moves past the step, a forward surface and a rear surface. Each forward surface is inclined when the blade is at its highest position to prevent reverse rotation produced by water getting above the shaft, the water being admitted to spaces between the blades so that rotation of the runner is produced by weight of the water. The inflow structure has overflow openings in its lateral walls to discharge excess water when there are high flow conditions.    USE -   To exploit natural water flow down a relatively slight slope. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Device for treating wafer by plasma has wafer supported by lower electrode opposed to upper electrode, and peripheral portion of wafer is held by clampers and insulator with low dielectric constant is at portion between lower electrode and clamper.    ADVANTAGE -   Clamper is insulated from electrode so focussing of plasma is improved to improve etching- and deposition-rates of wafer. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)
The hydro-electric installation has a stator (3) with a convergent-divergent inlet. A rotor (4) with a conical head fits in the divergent part of the stator. The rotor head has spiral blades (5) with stepped outer edges which match the stepped divergent conical bore of the stator.    The water flows both axially and radially over the rotor head and then axially over the rear (6) end of the rotor which drives a generator (12) enclosed in an inner housing. The turbine may be installed with its axis, horizontal, vertical or at an angle.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Electric power generation. Each unit can be prefabricated from water-resistant concrete which can be fixed to a prepd. foundation in bed of stream for immediate operation. The construction can be sealed in the normal manner. @(7pp Dwg.No.11/11)@
Photovoltaic assembly for converting high intensity solar radiation comprises: a base formed of a heat-conducting backing plate and a composite heat-conducting dielectric layer comprising a thin film of porous Al203 and an electrophoretically-deposited styrene-acrylate resin in the pores of the Al203; and photovoltaic cells in thermal contact with the composite dielectric layer, heat generated in the cells being transmitted to the backing plate.    ADVANTAGE -   Composite layer combines high electrical insulation with high heat conductivity for efficient thermal transfer to the backing plate. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
Amorphous silicon photoreceptor has a surface layer composed of amorphous carbon-hydrogen fluorine doped with at least one IIIa element, on a photosensitive layer obtd. by stacking a charge generating layer composed of at least amorphous silicon hydride, and a charge transporting layer composed of at least an amorphous silicon carbide hydride. The content of H and F of the surface layer is 5 - 40 at OM %, and the content of fluorine is 1 - 30 at om %.    USE ADVANTAGE -   the photoreceptor has high durability to the repeated use, and improved resistance to scratching. Image flow is prevented. The mixture gas of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon is used for forming the surface layer of C:H:F onto the photosensitive layer including a-Si:H or a-Si:H:F, by plasma CVD method by glow discharge of high electronic temp. and comparatively low gas temp. and photoreceptor base temp. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The system includes two reservoirs (1,2) situated at different heights above the turbine and generator which are driven by the water flow. The lower reservoir supplies a constant supply of water via pipes to the turbine, whilst the second reservoir is used to supplement the water level in the first.    The water pressure and depth in the reservoirs are monitored, so that water may be transferred, under remote control, from the upper to the intermediate reservoir in order to maintain the required flow rate into the turbine.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates construction of hydroelectric power generator in difficult, mountainous terrain. @(19pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
An electronic part is sealed with a resin by controlling the solidifying rate of sealed resin, distribution of resin pressure and flowing-in path by providing a step or core in the cavity of mould.    The sealing resin has high mechanical strength and high mouldability at lower temp. (pref. liq. crystal polyester contg. aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid gp. and/or aromatic polyesteramide gp., polyphenylene sulphide, polyamide, polyether sulphone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether ketone, etc. opt. blended with other thermoplastic rsein, a fibrous filler (e.g. glass-, asbestos-, SiO2-, SiO2/Al2O3-, SiN-, SiB3-, B-, K titanate, high melting organic fibre, etc.), a granular filler (e.g. carbon black, SiO2, quartz powder, glass beads, etc.) and a flaky filler (e.g. mica or glass flake).    ADVANTAGE -   The process provides sealed prods. having minimised deficiencies such as out of position and deformation of electronic parts and falling-down of bonding wires. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
The photovoltaic semiconductor solar cells of the system are deposited on thin, flexible mats, or mesh in a thin-layer technique. The photovoltaic cells (1,2) are directly combined with electric resistance layer (4), applied to the rear sides of the photovoltaic elements as thin layers.    The semiconductor solar cells may be engaged at one side by photons (3). By absorption of electromagnetic radiation, such as day or artificial light, UV and IR radiation, separate charge carriers and a voltage are generated in the cells with n and p layers. The voltage is such that it can be used for electric current generation. The current direct connection to the resistance layers can be converted into heat.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Also as thermo-cladding. Sufficient heat efficiently even at low irradiation intensity. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The plant has a driving mechanism (24) including a flywheel (36) affixed to an extending portion (38a) of a shaft from a turbine (14). A clutch is coupled at (42) onto the extending portion (38a) of the shaft from the turbine (14). A transmission assembly (44) is coupled between the clutch at (46) and a generator (22) at (48). The second driving mechanism (32) includes a second flywheel (50) affixed to a second extending portion (38b) of the shaft from the turbine (14). A second clutch (52) is coupled at (54) onto the second extending portion (38b) of the shaft from the turbine (14). A second transmission assembly (56) is coupled between the second clutch (52) at (58) and the pump (26) at (60).    A timer (62) is electrically connected to the second clutch (52) for periodic operation of the second clutch (52). A power source (64) such as a battery or house current, is for supplying electrical current to the timer (62) and the motor (34). A switch (66) is electrically disposed between the power source (64), the timer (62) and the motor (34). A manually operated valve (68) is disposed in fluid communication between the reservoir (12) and the turbine (14) in pipe (16). The valve (68) is mechanically connected to the switch (66) so that when the valve (68) is opened the switch (66) will close causing the power source (64) to supply electrical current to the timer (62) and the motor (34).    ADVANTAGE -   Simple and easy to use. Economical mfr. @(4pp Dwg.No. 1/2)@
The earphone has the ear attaching portion at least the surface of which includes antimicrobial agent. The antimicrobial agent is zeolite fine particles holding the metal having the antimicrobial action in fine holes. The zeolite is the synthetic zeolite.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By using the antimicrobial agent on at least the surface portion of the ear attaching portion, infection at the ear attaching portion can be prevented. Specifically the synthetic zeolite has the three-dimensionally developed structure, and is represented from zM2/nO.Al2O3.ySiO2.zH2O on basis of Al2O3. (M is ion exchangeable metallic ion, n is atomic value of M. A part of silicon is substd. by regular tetrahedral aluminium of 4 coordination number, so that the positive charge becomes short. Metallic ions having the antimicrobial agent, such as Ag ions, Cu ions, etc. can be suitably held in crystal. @(3pp Dwg.No.2,3/4)
Voltage non-linear resistor comprises compsn. contg. Zn-oxide, as a main component, and at least one of 0.05-3.00 mol.% Bi, as converted to Bi2O3, 0.05-3.00 mol.% Co, as Co2O3, 0.05-3.00 mol.% Mn, as MnO2, and 0.1-2.0 mol.% Ti, as TiO2, as sec. components, and 0.05-2.00 mol.% Ta, as converted to Ta2O5.    USE -   For low voltage varistors used for stabilising circuit voltage and surge, and noise absorption in electronic equipment. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The thin membrane is made of Si: 28.5-42.8 at.%, O: 0-67.5 at.%, N: 0.1-57.1 at.%, and H: 0.1-16.7 at.%, and the ratio of the amt. of H in the form of N-H bond in the thin membrane to the amt. of H in the form of O-H bond is more than 1, the refractive index n of the thin membrane to the light having the wavelength of 632.78nm is n = 1.46-2.2, the optical band gap Eg is between 1.8 and 6.5 eV, and the thin membrane has the absorption peak of the infrared ray absorption spectrum (attributing to N-H bond) in the neighbourhood of the wavelength of 3400 cm(-1), the absorption wavelength, (N-H) is between 3330 cm(-1) and 3400 cm(-1).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The optical member can change the refractive index with good reproducibility and shows little light attenuation. The distortion generated during the thin membrane formation is sufficiently small, the yields of the prodn. is good and the characteristic can be stabilised for long time. The prepn. can be done at low temp. i.e. when it is integrated with a semiconductor element, the integration can be done after the semiconductor element is produced. @(8pp Dwg.No.3/4)@
The solid electrolyte comprises electrolyte of S-hydrocarbyl acetophenone-isosemicarbazone-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (I) complex salt.    Pref. (I) is S-(1-18C) alkyl acetophenone isosemicarbazone.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic semiconductor having good heat-stability and less specific resistance value as opposed to those of conventional quinoline TCNQ can be obtd. Life of the solid electrolytic capacitor is improved.    S-methyl-acetophenone isosemicarbazone TCNQ complex salt was dissolved in acetonitrile to make satd. soln. Al foil was etched to increase its surface area ten times as much as that of the material. Then oxidized coating was formed on the surface of the foil to prepare the capacitor element. The element was soaked in the satd. soln., then dried in vacuum at 50-60 deg.C to remove acetonitrile solvent. This process was repeated three times. Then colloidal carbon was applied, then silver paste was applied on the element, and lead wire was soldered on it. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Semiconductor films of CdxHg1-xTe rich in Hg are deposited on substrates of titanium aid conductive glass, from a single electrolysis cell contg CdS04, HgS04 and Te0s. The value of x diminishes with increase in the number of films prepd. @(pp dwg.No.1/2)@
The small turbine with fixed pitch has the input duct fitted with a ring duct to add air in controlled flowrates. This effectively reduces the water flow-rate through the turbine.    The flow control can be manual or automatic, via level sensors in the supply pond. A magnetice valve (9) prevents dangerous excess speed, e.g. resulting from mains failure.    ADVANTAGE -   Simple flow-rate control; no complex pitch control required.
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
(JP2232935-A)      Chip-type LC composite ceramics component comprises laminated internal conductor layer and dielectric layer, having at least one capacitor function and at least one inductor function, in which composite ceramics material having at least 20 permittivity, and at least 1 permeability is used. The composite ceramics material is pref., mixed sintered compact contg. at least one dielectric cpd. of ferrite shown as MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Ni, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, and Fe), BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrTiO3.    USE -   For miniaturising entire IC boards by incorporating capacitor function and inductor function in one chip. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The generator has a frame for mounting in tidal waters: A float is arranged to rise and fall in response to movements of the tidal waters and is pivotally mounted at a first end of a lever mounted on the frame. A gear is rotatably mounted on the frame for movement about a horizontal axis and is operatively connected to a second end of the lever so that rotation occurs in response to movement of said float.    A wheel coaxially mounted with the gear includes a number of water tight tanks circumferentially spaced around it.    A liquid flow path exists between the tanks. A rotor is axially mounted at the common axial centre and is rotated by water flowing through the liquid flow path from the upper tank to the lower tank. A trip operates in association with each tank by opening a liquid flow path when required.    ADVANTAGE -   Combines force of gravity with wave power to drive generator. @(12pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
The fluid flow driven engine comprises two counter-directionally rotating rotors rotatably mounted on a base which can be used to secure the fluid flow driven engine in the path of a flowing fluid. The rotors comprise cylindrical drums with circumferentially spaced impellers projecting radially outward from each drum, the rotors being placed in closely spaced relation so as to define a fluid flow passageway between the drums.    A housing has a venturi-shaped or tapered inlet and outlet to surround the rotors so that the inlet and outlet direct a flowing fluid through the passageway and the venturi-shape increases the velocity of a fluid entering the passageway. Extension plates are slidably mounted in the inlet and outlet portions of the housing to vary the cross-sectional areas of the inlet and outlet, varying the velocity of a flowing fluid entering the passageway. The rotors are capable of rotating in either direction so that the direction of fluid flow through the engine may be reversed.    USE -   Water-driven machine, e.g. for operating electrical generator. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/7)@
The die, for moulding a box-shaped resin moulded body equipped with a lead frame, includes a hollow part forming a protrusion on its parting face. The part of the protrusion, which contacts with an island of the lead frame, is parallel to the parting face, while the parts contacting with an inner lead are tapered.    USE -   Prodn. of resin flush burrs can be prevented easily.
Sheet (1) of polyimide is shaped by placing it on the shaped surface of a die (2), sealing its edges to the die, and applying a vacuum between it and the die surface to draw it into contact with the surface. The die and sheet are placed in a gas contg. autoclave whilst maintaining the vacuum. The autoclave is sealed and heated to 150-250 deg.C, depending on sheet thickness, and the pressure inside it is raised to 5-15 bar depending on sheet thickness and selected temp.. The selected temp. and pressure are maintained for 3-15 minutes following which the temp. is reduced to 25-125 deg.C whilst maintaining the selected pressure before removing the pressure to ambient and removing the shaped sheet (5) from the autoclave and die.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Polyimide sheet is shaped .for applications in the design and construction of space equipment, esp. protective interleafing for constructing solar cell arrays, the shaped polyimide sheet having projections or pimples separating and supporting the cells in a folded or rolled up stowage position. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The detector consists of an infrared-radiation absorbing layer on one side of thin-film substrate. On the other side of the substrate is a light reflecting layer, with a transducing material on the reflecting layer having a temp.-dependent index of refraction. Infrared radiation falling on the absorbing layer causes a temp. rise in this layer, a consequent rise in temp. of the reflecting layer and the transducing material and a resulting change in refractive index of the material and a corresp. change in reflectance of the transducing material-reflecting layer combination.    A read laser beam directed onto the material is thus reflected in accordance with the infrared radiation on the detector. Alternately, the reflecting layer may be on the same side of the substrate as the absorbing layer. An additional reflector may be used between the reflecting layer and the transducing material.    USE -   Thermal-optical for infrared detecting system with a unique detector. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The method includes placing a material to be scribed in a gaseous atmosphere and contacting the surface of the material with a non-cutting heated tip. The heated tip is rounded to prevent cutting and is moved relative to the material, either by moving the tip or the material in accordance with the pattern that is to be scribed.    The tip is heated during the scribing operation, either continuously at a prescribed level, or discontinuously in order to maintain the average temperature at a prescribed level. Discontinuous heating allows the desired average temperature to be realised quickly. It may take the form of successive pulsing. The tip has a longitudinal axis that forms an angle of less than 90 degrees relative to the surface being inscribed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Scribing outer panels of photovoltaic panels. Avoids incomplete cuts or overcuts. @(6pp dwg.No.1/3)@
An optical semiconductor device is prepd. by sealing optical semiconductor elements using an epoxy resin compsn. comprising mainly epoxy resin of formula (I): In (I) R1 = a residue of an organic cpd. having m active H atoms, N1, n2, ..., nm are O or an integer = 1 - 100 and n1 + N2+.... + nm = 1 - 100 and A is a substd cyclohexane skeleton of formula (II) (where X = - CH = CH -or - CH(OH) - CH2 - OR2 and R2 = H, an alkyl, carboalkyl or carboaryl gp., provided that at least one gp (i) is contained in the resin (B) is a hardener of carboxylic acid anhydride type and (C) an hardening accelerator in an amt. = 0.65 - 0.85 equiv. per equiv. of epoxy gp. in the epoxy gp.    ADVANTAGE -   The sealed compsn. has high transparency, high % transmission between 400 - 1000 nm. high reliability against heat, heat shock and moisture. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Wire comprises high-purity Au, to which 3-10 wt.ppm Y, 1-50 wt. ppm Ca, and 1-10 wt.ppm Be are added in a total amt. of 10-110 wt. ppm.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for bonding electrodes on semiconductor devices and outer leads, having good heat resistance. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The device comprises a cover for the top of a tablet block, a drive for the cover, and a gas supplying means for forcedly charging tablets charged in tablet holes in the block to holes in a lower die of a mould press by gas pressure.    USE -   Operation is easy. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Organic thin film El element comprises (a) an organic fluorescent think film layer in a pair of electrode of which at least an electrode is transparent and (b) a hole conductive organic thin film layer of at least an electron acceptable organic molecular added an organic cpd. having porphyrin ring or phthalocyanine ring structure or, an electron conductive organic thin film layer of at least an electron donor organic - molecular is added to the organic cpd., is laminated at least at a side of the organic fluorescent thin film layer.    ADVANTAGE -   The EL element has fairly improved luminous characteristics and reliability. @(8pp Dwg.No.2,3/5)@
A turbine casing is supported by a foundation recess to receive a single pedestal support and adapted to provide a protective air chamber and mounting a spaced set of aligned bearings to in turn laterally support a turbine drive shift extending outwardly either side of the casing. A spaced set of runners are axially mounted upon the drive shaft either side of the casing and outward of the bearings, profiled in a back-to-back configurations to discharge turbine water in opposing directions and provide a balanced hydraulic thrust condition upon turbine water flow operation.    Outwardly projecting and connectably communicating with the casing are a radial array of regularly spaced stay-vanes for each of the runners, each in turn enclosing and being cooperative in directing and controlling turbine water flow with a corresponding radially arrayed set of adjustable wicket blades rotatably adjustable on their own axles. A cooperative wicket gate adjustment means and a drive are housed inside the turbine protective air chamber. A coupling connectably joins the turbine drive shaft to a generator drive shaft to operationally drive an electrical generator within the hydroelectric power plant.    USE -   Duplex turbine replacement unit adapted for horizontally submersible installation within a headwater chamber of a hydroelectric power plant. @(10pp Dwg.No.3/5)@
Semiconductor device has a heteroepitaxial layer having lattice constant (c) which is different from that of the substrate. An intermediate layer between the substrate and the epitaxial layer includes at least one strain super lattice construction formed by 1st layer having lattice constant (a1), 2nd layer having lattice constant (a2), 3rd layer having lattice constant (a1) and 4th layer having lattice constant (a3). Either the lattice constant (a2) or lattice constant (a3) is larger than the lattice constant (a1), the other is smaller than the lattice constant (a1) and average lattice constant of the strain super lattice construction is nearly equal to the lattice constant (c).    ADVANTAGE -   Since average lattice constant is nearly equal to lattice constant of epitaxial layer, restriction for total thickness of strain super lattice construction can be eased. Strain super lattice having clear hetero boundary can be formed easily to provide semiconductor device having hetero epitaxial layer of low defect lattice. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/7)@
Laminate comprises a moulded organic high polymer, and a transparent conductive layer of crystalline I oxide formed on the moulded polymer. The crystal grain size of the crystalline I oxide is below 0.3 micron.    The crystalline In oxide layer is pref. prepd. by forming a layer contg. In oxide, with an absorption coefft. at a wavelength of 550 nm of 1 x 10 power -3 -2 x 10 power -3 (A power -1), and a resistivity below 2 x 10 power -2 ohms cm and heat-treating the layer in the O2 atmos., so that the layer is converted to a layer contg. crystalline In oxide. The heat treatment temp. is 100-250 deg.C. The organic polymer is polyimide, polyethersulphone, polyparabanic acid, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for transparent touch panels, electroluminescence, electrophotography, antistatic materials, face heaters, solid displays, optical memories, photoelectric conversion devices, optical communication, solar energy materials, etc. The laminate has good durability and reliability. The prodn. by sputtering is efficient. @(6pp)
The compact disc (CD) player e.g. for automobile, includes a locking arrangement to pervent insertion of a second (CD) into the insertion slot while a (CD) is already in position. Double-insertion of (CDs) through the centring mechanism (12) is prevented, since the (CD) (106), when inserted into the insertion slot (102), is brought to centre by the centring mechanism (12) and then moved on to the turntable (29).    The centring arms (13) and (14) of the centring mechanism are then brought back into their output positions by means of tensioning springs (27,28) after the (CD) has passed through the centring mechanism (12).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Digital audio CD players e.g. for car. Allows small dia (8cm) and large dia. CD to be reliably centred into player.@(9pp Dwg.No.9/9)@
Inthe water turbine the scoops, vanes or blades (6) and their wheel are fixed to one end of the turbine shaft (4) mounted in plain bearings (21), with a thrust bearing resting against a shoulder of the shaft, some distance from the blades. There is a cooling tube (7), connected to a container and surrounding the turbine shaft but leaving an intermediate space and stretching from the blades to the thrust bearing.    The thrust bearing is in contact with the outer surface of this first container and the shaft, bearing and the inner surface of the container form the walls of this first chamber, carefully sealed, and take cold from it. There is aslo an external container.    USE -   /ADVNATAGE - High efficiency bearing cooling system for water turbine.
An upper solar cell (20), pref. a III-V cpd. with Ga and As, absorbs short wavelength ligth and a lower cell (10), pref. formed in a Si substrate, absorbs long wavelength litht. A buffer layer (50) provides lattice adaptation and forms an electrical tunnelling region. The feature is that this buffer material, pref. ZnSe, ahs a larger band gap than the semiconducting material used for the upper cell. The upper cell pref. consists of an upper n-type GaAs layer (21), a p-type GaAs layer (22) and an anti-reflection layer (40) and an optional window layer (60), pref. of AlxGa1-xAs with x = 0.8-0.9. The upper cell can also consist of several consecutive cells, with or without buffer layers separating them.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cells allow more efficient conversion of incident radiation by providing absorption over a larger range of wavelengths. The buffer layer has reduced absorption because of the larger band gap and low resistance because of the use of a tunnelling junction between the 2 layers.
A sleeve assembly is mountable to a cliff face behind the waterfall, for collecting and directing a column of water descending the waterfall to blades of a water wheel mounted to platform securable to the cliff face behind the waterfall. A generator is secured to the platform, for converting rotary motion of the water wheel to the electrical power. The sleeve assembly includes a first sleeve telescopically received in a second sleeve for adjusting height and the sleeves are fixed to a pair of sleeve assembly mounting brackets that are securable to the cliff face behind the waterfall by fasteners.    A nozzle is integrally attached to a bottom end of the second sleeve at right angles and the nozzle directs water flow from within, against the blades of the water wheel above the platform. The platform is securable to the cliff face behind the waterfall by fasteners received in platform brackets and the cliff face.    USE -   External penstock for providing electrical power from energy of a waterfall. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The information recording medium comprises (in order) a disk substrate and a recording layer made of an oriented colouring matter (capable of writing in and/or reading out of information by a laser beam) and a reflecting layer made of a metal. Cyanine colouring matter is used as the colouring matter and at least one kind of metal selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Cr, Ti, Al and stainless steels is used as the metal.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For information recording medium capable of being used by commercial CD player. The reflection factor and the S/N ratio of the recorded signal can be increased. @(12pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Semiconductor device is sealed by resin compsn. comprising (A) an epoxy resin compsn., (B) a hardener and (C)9 an inorganic filler contg. at least 20 wt. % finer powder in an amt. = 50 -90 wt. % of (A).    Pref. (A) is of novolak type or bisphenol type having a softening pt. = 60 - 85 deg. C. (B) is phenol resin for epoxy resin of novolak type, acid anhydride (e.g. phthalic, tetrahydrophthalic or hexahydrophthalic anhydride), amine (e.g. diaminodiphenylethane or p- or m-phenylenediamine). The phenol resin used as (B) is pref. modified by polydimethyl-siloxane contg. at least 2 functional gps. (e.g. epoxy, OH, COOh, NH2 or SH) for improving further the cracking resistance. (C) is e.g. SiO2, Ca silicate, CaCO3, A12O3, clay or talc each having a size distribution so that the powder comprises 20 -35 % particles having a size = upto 5 microns, 10 - 20 % particles having a size = 6 - 10 microns, 30 - 55 % particles having a size = 11 - 50 microns and upto 15 % particles having a size = at least 50 microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing compsn. has high fluidity and high resistance against abrasion of mould and shows no degradation in the performance due to unfilled portions. It provides low stress and high resistance against heat shock. It is used for sealing semiconductor elements (e.g. transistors, integraded circuit, large slace integration, very large scale integration, etc.) in one shot. @(14pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Semiconductor device is sealed by resin compsn. comprising (A) an epoxy resin compsn., (B) a hardener and (C)9 an inorganic filler contg. at least 20 wt. % finer powder in an amt. = 50 -90 wt. % of (A).    Pref. (A) is of novolak type or bisphenol type having a softening pt. = 60 - 85 deg. C. (B) is phenol resin for epoxy resin of novolak type, acid anhydride (e.g. phthalic, tetrahydrophthalic or hexahydrophthalic anhydride), amine (e.g. diaminodiphenylethane or p- or m-phenylenediamine). The phenol resin used as (B) is pref. modified by polydimethyl-siloxane contg. at least 2 functional gps. (e.g. epoxy, OH, COOh, NH2 or SH) for improving further the cracking resistance. (C) is e.g. SiO2, Ca silicate, CaCO3, A12O3, clay or talc each having a size distribution so that the powder comprises 20 -35 % particles having a size = upto 5 microns, 10 - 20 % particles having a size = 6 - 10 microns, 30 - 55 % particles having a size = 11 - 50 microns and upto 15 % particles having a size = at least 50 microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing compsn. has high fluidity and high resistance against abrasion of mould and shows no degradation in the performance due to unfilled portions. It provides low stress and high resistance against heat shock. It is used for sealing semiconductor elements (e.g. transistors, integraded circuit, large slace integration, very large scale integration, etc.) in one shot. @(14pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Semiconductor device is sealed by resin compsn. comprising (A) an epoxy resin compsn., (B) a hardener and (C)9 an inorganic filler contg. at least 20 wt. % finer powder in an amt. = 50 -90 wt. % of (A).    Pref. (A) is of novolak type or bisphenol type having a softening pt. = 60 - 85 deg. C. (B) is phenol resin for epoxy resin of novolak type, acid anhydride (e.g. phthalic, tetrahydrophthalic or hexahydrophthalic anhydride), amine (e.g. diaminodiphenylethane or p- or m-phenylenediamine). The phenol resin used as (B) is pref. modified by polydimethyl-siloxane contg. at least 2 functional gps. (e.g. epoxy, OH, COOh, NH2 or SH) for improving further the cracking resistance. (C) is e.g. SiO2, Ca silicate, CaCO3, A12O3, clay or talc each having a size distribution so that the powder comprises 20 -35 % particles having a size = upto 5 microns, 10 - 20 % particles having a size = 6 - 10 microns, 30 - 55 % particles having a size = 11 - 50 microns and upto 15 % particles having a size = at least 50 microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing compsn. has high fluidity and high resistance against abrasion of mould and shows no degradation in the performance due to unfilled portions. It provides low stress and high resistance against heat shock. It is used for sealing semiconductor elements (e.g. transistors, integraded circuit, large slace integration, very large scale integration, etc.) in one shot. @(14pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Semiconductor device is sealed by resin compsn. comprising (A) an epoxy resin compsn., (B) a hardener and (C)9 an inorganic filler contg. at least 20 wt. % finer powder in an amt. = 50 -90 wt. % of (A).    Pref. (A) is of novolak type or bisphenol type having a softening pt. = 60 - 85 deg. C. (B) is phenol resin for epoxy resin of novolak type, acid anhydride (e.g. phthalic, tetrahydrophthalic or hexahydrophthalic anhydride), amine (e.g. diaminodiphenylethane or p- or m-phenylenediamine). The phenol resin used as (B) is pref. modified by polydimethyl-siloxane contg. at least 2 functional gps. (e.g. epoxy, OH, COOh, NH2 or SH) for improving further the cracking resistance. (C) is e.g. SiO2, Ca silicate, CaCO3, A12O3, clay or talc each having a size distribution so that the powder comprises 20 -35 % particles having a size = upto 5 microns, 10 - 20 % particles having a size = 6 - 10 microns, 30 - 55 % particles having a size = 11 - 50 microns and upto 15 % particles having a size = at least 50 microns.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing compsn. has high fluidity and high resistance against abrasion of mould and shows no degradation in the performance due to unfilled portions. It provides low stress and high resistance against heat shock. It is used for sealing semiconductor elements (e.g. transistors, integraded circuit, large slace integration, very large scale integration, etc.) in one shot. @(14pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Basket is inserted into storage container main body storing radioactive material. Basket is divided into storage compartments in lattice form by stainless steel plates contg. neutron absorbent and heat conduction plates comprising higher heat conductivity material than that of stainless steel plate are at partial or entire exterior of stainless steel plates.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for e.g transport of spent fuel in nuclear power plant, et. Basket can conduct heat of stored material to container main body by heat conduction plates, total plate thickness can be made smaller than that of single material e.g. aluminium, stainless steel etc. and can increase storage capacity. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/4)
System which is equipped with an evacuating controller, a controller for transfer of wafers, a controller for reaction gas/ power source consumed in the process and a computer for controlling the controllers and for monitoring the power source and flow of the gas, time before starting of forming film is neglected when forming the film based on specified process data and time in which the film is formed is measured to enable forming of the film in established time.    ADVANTAGE -   Since time for holding film forming is equal to actual forming time reliable forming of film is provided. @(5pp)@
System which is equipped with an evacuating controller, a controller for transfer of wafers, a controller for reaction gas/ power source consumed in the process and a computer for controlling the controllers and for monitoring the power source and flow of the gas, time before starting of forming film is neglected when forming the film based on specified process data and time in which the film is formed is measured to enable forming of the film in established time.    ADVANTAGE -   Since time for holding film forming is equal to actual forming time reliable forming of film is provided. @(5pp)@
System which is equipped with an evacuating controller, a controller for transfer of wafers, a controller for reaction gas/ power source consumed in the process and a computer for controlling the controllers and for monitoring the power source and flow of the gas, time before starting of forming film is neglected when forming the film based on specified process data and time in which the film is formed is measured to enable forming of the film in established time.    ADVANTAGE -   Since time for holding film forming is equal to actual forming time reliable forming of film is provided. @(5pp)@
In a device for removing the photoresist film formed on the surface of a substrate by ashing using a plasma of a reaction gas in a vacuum chamber which includes a heater, a tube for introducing the gas, a mechanism for gnerating the plasma, and an exhaust pipe the chamber is divided into two sections by a shower plate made of a porous material and is located along the substrate. The exhaust pipe is connected to one of the sections in which the substrate is located, and the tube for introducing reaction gas is connected to the other section.    ADVANTAGE -   As the reaction gas comes into contact with the substrate surface uniformly, ashing can be uniformly performed. @(8pp Dwg.No.9/12)@
In a device for removing the photoresist film formed on the surface of a substrate by ashing using a plasma of a reaction gas in a vacuum chamber which includes a heater, a tube for introducing the gas, a mechanism for gnerating the plasma, and an exhaust pipe the chamber is divided into two sections by a shower plate made of a porous material and is located along the substrate. The exhaust pipe is connected to one of the sections in which the substrate is located, and the tube for introducing reaction gas is connected to the other section.    ADVANTAGE -   As the reaction gas comes into contact with the substrate surface uniformly, ashing can be uniformly performed. @(8pp Dwg.No.9/12)@
In a device for removing the photoresist film formed on the surface of a substrate by ashing using a plasma of a reaction gas in a vacuum chamber which includes a heater, a tube for introducing the gas, a mechanism for gnerating the plasma, and an exhaust pipe the chamber is divided into two sections by a shower plate made of a porous material and is located along the substrate. The exhaust pipe is connected to one of the sections in which the substrate is located, and the tube for introducing reaction gas is connected to the other section.    ADVANTAGE -   As the reaction gas comes into contact with the substrate surface uniformly, ashing can be uniformly performed. @(8pp Dwg.No.9/12)@
In a device for removing the photoresist film formed on the surface of a substrate by ashing using a plasma of a reaction gas in a vacuum chamber which includes a heater, a tube for introducing the gas, a mechanism for gnerating the plasma, and an exhaust pipe the chamber is divided into two sections by a shower plate made of a porous material and is located along the substrate. The exhaust pipe is connected to one of the sections in which the substrate is located, and the tube for introducing reaction gas is connected to the other section.    ADVANTAGE -   As the reaction gas comes into contact with the substrate surface uniformly, ashing can be uniformly performed.
In a device for removing the photoresist film formed on the surface of a substrate by ashing using a plasma of a reaction gas in a vacuum chamber which includes a heater, a tube for introducing the gas, a mechanism for gnerating the plasma, and an exhaust pipe the chamber is divided into two sections by a shower plate made of a porous material and is located along the substrate. The exhaust pipe is connected to one of the sections in which the substrate is located, and the tube for introducing reaction gas is connected to the other section.    ADVANTAGE -   As the reaction gas comes into contact with the substrate surface uniformly, ashing can be uniformly performed. @(8pp Dwg.No.9/12)@
In a device for removing the photoresist film formed on the surface of a substrate by ashing using a plasma of a reaction gas in a vacuum chamber which includes a heater, a tube for introducing the gas, a mechanism for gnerating the plasma, and an exhaust pipe the chamber is divided into two sections by a shower plate made of a porous material and is located along the substrate. The exhaust pipe is connected to one of the sections in which the substrate is located, and the tube for introducing reaction gas is connected to the other section.    ADVANTAGE -   As the reaction gas comes into contact with the substrate surface uniformly, ashing can be uniformly performed. @(8pp Dwg.No.9/12)@
A Pelton turbine (1) with blades (2) whose surface has to be analysed is placed on an axle (6) lying on two vertical supports (4,5). The axle is actuated by a motor. An optical system for surface mapping consists of an articulated arm (15) that slides along a carriage (16) parallel to the axle.    The carriage can be moved closer or further from the turbine on a second carriage (17). The arm comprises a support (18) with a camera (23) that receives light reflected by the surface. The incident light is generated by a He-Ne laser (30) also situated on the arm. The arm movements are controlled by a microprocessor and monitored by sensors.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For mapping surface of complicated mechanical components. Allows early detection of surface wear and can be used on site, without need of dismounting turbine. Allows accurate calibration. @(16pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
The solar energy collector comprises a base (1) in the shape of a pitched roof with a front panel (2) and back panel (3). One of the panels carries a set of photoelectric cells, and may be pivoted in order to change the elevation and azimuth.    The panel includes two different orientation systems, one of which provides rotation about a vertical axis (VV'), while the other provides rotation about a horizontal axis (HH'). These are controlled to keep the panel surface perpendicular to the incident solar energy.    USE -   Adjustable solar energy collector with wind-resistant structure.
The stand has an hydro-turbine (1), vacuum tank (2), suction pipeline (3), feeding pump (4), pressure water pipe (5), pressure tank (6) with drainage tap (7) and gas tight container (8). The container (8) upper part is connected to the vacuum tank upper part through pipeline (9) with drainage tap (10) and its lower part is connected to pipeline (11) with throttle (12).    USE -   The stand is used for hydro-turbines cavitation testing. Bul.4/30.1.90. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Film solar cell comprises a colourless and transparent substrate of polyimide film, a photoelectric converter element attached to one surface of substrate film and a light transmitting F-contg. resin layer having a thickness = 5-300 microns and attached to another surface of substrate film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is projected light from the substrate side to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and to reduce the optical degradation in the alpha-Si layer. The F-contg. resin layer protects the polyimide layer to enhance the reliability of cell against humidity. It is used as a built-in cell for an electronic computer or water, an external cell for radio or television or battery charger for preventing the discharge of battery. @(8pp Dwg.No.1,3/3)@
Film solar cell comprises a colourless and transparent substrate of polyimide film, a photoelectric converter element attached to one surface of substrate film and a light transmitting F-contg. resin layer having a thickness = 5-300 microns and attached to another surface of substrate film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is projected light from the substrate side to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and to reduce the optical degradation in the alpha-Si layer. The F-contg. resin layer protects the polyimide layer to enhance the reliability of cell against humidity. It is used as a built-in cell for an electronic computer or water, an external cell for radio or television or battery charger for preventing the discharge of battery. @(8pp Dwg.No.1,3/3)@
Piezoelectric ceramic material comprises PbO, TiO2, Nd2O3, and MnO2, with part of the Nd2O3 being replaced by oxide of at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba. The material pref. has a raw material compsn. comprising 42.3-49 mol % PbO, 46-53 mol % TiO2, 2-10 mol % Nd2O3 and oxide of at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba, and 0.05-2.0 mol % MnO2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Partic. for piezoelectric transducers having excellent characteristics. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Claimed is a lead frame comprising on the whole surface thereof, or on the surface except for the outer lead parts, a Ni-(alloy) plating layer, provided that at least the die bonding part of the Ni(alloy) plating layer comprises thereon a Ni-Sn alloy layer and further thereon a Sn-(alloy) plating layer.    The mfg. process comprises forming the Sn-(alloy) plating layer on the Ni-(alloy) layer and heating to obtain the Ni-Sn alloy layer between the plated layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improves solder bondability of semiconductor chips with Ni or the lead frame. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The hydroelectric system can run intermittently using commonly available hydroplants. In this system, a low flow stream that has been dammed is used to create a small pond. A float system is placed into the pond for sensing the water level. A turbine having a water inlet and water outlet is placed near the pond. When the pond reaches an upper predetermined level, the float system sends a signal to a valve in the turbine inlet. The valve fully opens and the turbine runs until the pond is drained to a lower predetermined level at which time the float system causes the above mentioned inlet valve to close.    A downwardly facing entrance is provided with an interior baffle to accomplish a smooth water flow without affecting the pond bottom and causing turbulence. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The surface is coated with an acrylic resin compsn. contg. an acrylic acid-adduct of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin of epoxy equiv. 350-1400, an acryl oligomer with dipentaerythritol hexacrylate, and a hardener. The dipentaerythritol hexacrylate is contained in an amt. of 10-50 wt% on the basis of the wt. of the acrylic resin compsn. exlcuding the hardener.    The pref. proportion of the bisphenol-A type epoxy resin to the acrylic acid is A/B = 1/0.9-1/1, where A is the epoxy gp. of the epoxy resin and B is the acid gp. of the acrylic acid. the acryl oligomer contg. dipentaerythritol hexacrylate includes phenoxyacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl(metha) acrylate, etc., and the hardener used includes benzyldimethylketal, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propane-1-on, etc. The pref. amt. of the UV-type hardener is 2-15 pts. wt. to 100 pts. wt. of the acrylic resin compsn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as light-receiving elements for photodiodes, photo transistors, etc. Excellent solvent resistance and appearance. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
A support electrolyte compsn. for mfg. electrolytic capacitors comprises a quat. ammonium salt of a boron complex of an aromatic oxy cpd. of formula (I) used when solid electrolyte layer is formed on a valve metal oxide coat layer by electrolysis polymerisation. In (I) each R and R' = identical or different H, alkyl, hydroxy, amino or carboxy and R" = H or 1-5C alkyl or R"s can bond with each other to form a cyclic ammonium.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides support electrolyte compsns. with solubility in organic solvents for mfg. solid electrolytic capacitors with good heat stability and electrical properties. The compsns. can be polymerised in a non-aq. solvent and thus can avoid the effect of water liable to cause chemical reactions. The anionic side includes borodicatechol, borodiprotocatechol, borodi-N-a.minosalicylic acid, borodi-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzoic acid, borodi-N-alkylcatechol, borodisalicylic acid, borodioxynaphthoic acid and borodi-2-N-dioxybenzoic acid and the cationic side alkylammonium, N,N-dimethyliperidium, N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium and N-methyllutidium. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The turbine has a rotor (6) which is mounted on an horizontal shaft and produces mechanical power when rotated by a source of pressurised water. The rotor is fitted with regularly spaced horizontal cups (5) around its periphery and is secured on the shaft within a prefabricated housing.    Water is supplied directly on to the cups via a square sectioned inlet duct (3) fitting precisely over the upper section of the rotor. A bank of blades (8) are fitted to the inlet duct on the trailing side of the rotor to create a partial vacuum within the cups prior to their re-entry into the inlet duct.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not require high degree of precision engineering. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/4)@
The solar cell structure comprises a substrate of silicone and a number of cells T formed in one surface of the substrate, each cell having alternate rows of p-type and n-type regions formed in the surface. A first metal contact structure contacts all p-type regions and a second metal contact structure contacts all n-type regions. The two metal contact structures serially connect a cell with adjacent cells.    A bypass diode is formed in each cell each bypass diode comprising an n-type region contacting the first metal contact and a p-type region contacts the second metal contact. The bypass diodes are located in areas of cells not irradiated during normal operation of the cell. The two metal contact structures each contact opposite conductivity-type regions adjacent cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not require additional processing steps. @(4pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
A solar cell structure, with improved isolation between serially connected cells, comprises many cells formed in one surface of a semiconductor substrate (40), each cell having alternate rows of p- and n-regions with metal contacts (44,42) contacting all the p and all the n regions respectively and serially connecting a cell with adjacent cells. An array of shorted p-n junctions (48) between adjacent cells is in contact with and shorted by the metal contacts (42) and these junctions act as minority carrier traps between adjacent cells.    Also claimed is a solar cell structure as above with two contacts respectively contacting oppositely doped regions, the means for increasing the electrical isolation between adjacent cells comprising two multiple sets of doped regions of opposite type cooperatively formed p-n junctions between adjacent cells and means of shorting these junctions so that they act as minority carrier traps.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A monolithic series connected solar cell which uses shorted p-n junctions for electrical isolation is provided. BOth interdigitated contact cells and those using a dual metal back surface connection are provided. Electrical isolation between cells is provided both by the high resistance Si substrate and by the shorted p-n junctions. @(4pp Dwg.No.3/3)@
Appts. comprises a substrate fixing jig to support a substrate, plug attached to one end of the jig set in an ampoule, so that the plug contacts at high friction with an end face of the jig.    USE -   For avoiding slipping the jig from the plug during rotation of the ampoule. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The image sensor comprises organic photoconductor layer and front and rear metallic electrodes, which are laminated on and under the layer respectively. The photoconductor layer comprises charge generator and charge carrier.    The charge carrier pref. comprises polysilane cpd. of formula (I) where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are (substd.) alkyl, (substd.) aryl and alkoxy, m, n and p express the proportions of monomer units in the cpd.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The image sensor is used for facsimile, image scanner and digital copy machines. Long size one dimensional or large area two dimensional closely attached image sensors can be more economically prepd. Colour sensor can be easily developed.    In an example, the rear metallic electrode was formed on a glass substrate. Polyvinyl butyral resin and benzidine disazo pigment were dispersed in mixed solvent of dioxane and acetone, and applied on the electrode to form the charge generating layer. Polymethylphenyl silane, toluene and tetrahydrofuran were mixed and applied on the charge generating layer to form the charge carrier layer. The front electrode was formed on the photoconductor layer. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
A photoelectric conversion material comprises using a cpd. of formula (I); where X = H or nitro; A ring = a benzene or naphthalene ring; each of R3-5 = H, alkyl, alkoxy, dialkylamino or halogen; each of R1-2 = H, opt. substd. alkyl, allyl or aryl and each of R1-5 = can bond each other to form a ring.    Prepn. comprises diazotisation of a 2-aminothiazole of formula (II) by conventional methods and coupling of the diazotised cpd. with an aniline of formula (III).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The invention provides photoelectric conversion materials using lower mol. wt. monoazo dyes capable of vapour deposition and spin coating film formation at low temps. The material converts radiation directly into electricity. A soln. of the cpd. in an organic solvent converts light of wavelength 100-200 nm longer than that of the absorption wavelength of the cpd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
The boiling water shrinkage percentages of the constituent filaments are up to 30%, and difference between the highest and the lowest boiling shrinkage percentages is 5 - 25% both inclusive. Filament with the lowest shrinkage percentage is conjugated fibre composed of two components differeing in solubility in a solvent, the component with greater solubility occupying at least two sections in peripery of the fibre cross-section.    At least filament with the highest shrinkage percentage is composed mainly of co-polyester contg. (a) isophthalic acid and (b) 2,2-bis(4-(2-hydroxy ethoxy)phenyl propane of which quantities satisfy the equation (I), (II) and (III). P(a) is molar percentage of isophthalic acid in acid components of the copolyester; copolyester; and P(b) is molar percentage of 2,2-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy (phenyl)propane in glycol components of the copolyester.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The yarn offers silky touch combined with improved softness, lustre and drape property. When dyed, it gives prods. with improved light fastness. @(10pp Dwg.No.0/3)@
The unit has a fixing jig sealed in a ample with which the wafer holder holding wafers for epitaxial growth are held between, and the wafers are touched with the melt for epitaxial growth at the lower part of the wafers by rotating the ample to grow epitaxial crystal on the wafers while lowering the melt temp. A dividing device for the convection in the melt is provided. The device consists of a sawtooth form irregularity provided at the fixed jig. The convection occurring in the melt is divided into small parts and the solute in the melt moves along the divided melt convection and solute is carried evenly on the entire wafer body.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can reduce abnormal growth at both ends of the epitaxial layer and can make a high quality layer having a smooth surface.
Several photocells connected in series are manufactured on a transparent glass substrate (11) with rectangular shape. A number of electrodes (13a-c) are firstly obtained on the substrate on a longitudinal direction, on surfaces (12a, c) that will define the photocells. The electrodes consist of transparent conductive oxide layers and are provided with L-shaped extensions for electrical connections.    Subsequently the electrodes are covered with a semiconductor photoactive layer (14) by CVD so that a pn junction is formed. A second series of metallic electrodes (15a -c) is electrodeposited on the layer while connecting extensions (15ae-ce) cover the corresponding extensions of the first electrodes. The photocells are then interconnected by irradiation with a Nd:YAG laser or electron beam that sweeps the area where the extensions cover each other.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents contamination of semiconductor layer and electrode connections.
Potentials and currents are measured using conventional transformers and/or electronic sensors where calibration of the signal from the electronic device is carried out within the master controller. The master controller provides information to conventional pointer meters arranged, for standardisation, with identical or similar movements and replaceable scales.    The controller adjusts the frequency of generators and can control synchronisation between generators and electrical systems and can continuously control generator loadings and load absorbers of electrical, mechanical or fluid type. The controller can be supplied with information from clocks, current sensors, water level sensors or water pressure sensors.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides automatic control of electrical power system components e.g. hydro-electric generators. @(12pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
In an annular forced cooling type superconductor coil, in a superconductor toroidal magnetic field coil for a fusionm reactor, metal plates (1) are laminated provided with spiral grooves (4) having coils (5) groove is formed in each gap between adjoining plates, and coils are serially connected with inside junction (6) and outside junction (17) interchangeably.    ADVANTAGE -   As max. potential difference between a coil and a metal plate of both sides of the coil is decreased, insulating layer thickness of the coil is highly reduced therefore, increasing sectional area of the coil.
In an annular forced cooling type superconductor coil, in a superconductor toroidal magnetic field coil for a fusionm reactor, metal plates (1) are laminated provided with spiral grooves (4) having coils (5) groove is formed in each gap between adjoining plates, and coils are serially connected with inside junction (6) and outside junction (17) interchangeably.    ADVANTAGE -   As max. potential difference between a coil and a metal plate of both sides of the coil is decreased, insulating layer thickness of the coil is highly reduced therefore, increasing sectional area of the coil. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
The appts for modifying the behaviour of fish, projects sequences of sound into the water, resulting insound wave patterns which direct the fish along a desired path. The appts. includes a fish detector, which detects and monitors the activites of fish, an array of sound projectors and a controller.    When fish are detected the controller generates sequences of signals which are applied to the projector array. The projectors project corresponding sounds into the water, producing the cound wave patterns. The detector monitors the activities of the fish and the controller, if necessary, adjusts the sound sequences until the fish are directed along the path. When the detector no longer detects any fish, the controller stops applying signals to the projector array, preventing approaching fish from habituating to the projected sounds.    USE -   Causing fish to swim around turbine intake of hydro-electric power plants.
The vane blade are adjusted by mechanical equipment activated by a pressure medium via a hydraulic cylinder fed by a gearwheel pump, _ and enclosed in the nave of the machine. The nave nose cone (3) contains a three phase gap tube motor with its stator (6) arranged in the external, static part of the nose cone, and its rotor (7) connected via a shaft (9) with an oil pump (10) located in the nave. A thin-walled gap tube (8) is fitted between the stator and the rotor. Control impules for varying the adjustment of the vane blades are transmitted electrically between non-rotating and rotating parts.    During normal operation, there is no relative movement between the nave (1) and the shaft, whilst by regulating the angles of the vane blades, a relative movement is produced which causes the oil pump (10) to work. This pump pressurizes the hydraulic cylinder (12) dependent. upon control signals fed to the stator via an external conduit,    (provisional basic advised week 90/19)@ @(9 Dwg.No.2/2)
The power generator comprises an open ended housing receiving a helical screw, the housing having one end defining an entry and a second end defining an exit and a wheel for attachment via a continuous belt to a pump, generator or the like. The wheel is rotatable by rotation of the helical screw, arranged such that when the power generator means is placed in flowing fluid the fluid enters the housing at the entry causing the helical screw to rotate.    The generator is fixed in position by ties or ropes, or feet or a pad or pads which can be constructed of concrete or metal or similar material having sufficient weight to immobilise the generator. Openings may be used to reduce drag. A net positioned across the entry prevents debris entering the generator. @(14pp Dwg.No.2/4)@
Prepn. of titanium thin film capacitor of an organic titanium cpd. having formula (I) is coated on surface of a metal by water surface development method, and heated to form TiO2 dielectric coating film. In formula R = alkyl gp.    Pref. a titanium thin film capacitor is prepd. from monomolecular film of 2-octyl propane titanium potassium dioxide is laminated on 50mm x 50 mm x 0.5 mm size titanium plate with LB method, and heat oxidised at 850-1000 deg. C. Pref. R is 8-18C. The capacitor has permittivity of 150.0 kHz, electrostatic capacity of 0.750 micro F/sq.cm at 0.2 micron, 0.150 micro F/sq. cm at 1.0 micron and dielectric breakdown voltage of 75 V/micorn.    ADVANTAGE -   The capacitor has higher electrostatic capacity and insulation voltage. @(2pp DWg.No 0/0)@
The electric power production device comprises a simple mechanical assembly formed of arms (11) and or spacers (23) for holding machine-formed of anelectric generator and a propeller (9) in position in the axis of and inside a duct, on the path of the water. The machine is equipped with casings (19,20) defining its characteristics, avoiding burbling of the water currents by their form and by their presence limiting the pressure drop introduced into thee-duct.    The casing receives a ring (31) for manually controlling--the position of the orientable blaes. Rotation of the ring (31), mounted on balls, is controlled automatically by the water current so as to maintain the speed of rotation constant, despite variations of the speed of the current.    ADVANTAGE -   Easily installed, economical and less prone to damage.
The process comprises setting a wafer in a reaction chamber, feeding a gas contg. constituent element of the semiconductor crystal into the reaction chamber to deposit the crystal on the wafer. The gas contg. the constituent element of the crystal is composed of a cpd. gas contg. aryl radical of the element, e.g. triaryl gallium (CH2=CHCH2)3 and a cpd. gas contg. another constituent element, e.g. arsine gas (AsH3) composing the crystal. 2 kinds of compound gases are fed into the reaction chamber alternatively.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Compound semiconductor crystal is adequately deposited at the low temp. e.g. 250 deg.C efficiently without deformation. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The power generating system has a fluid driven turbine running an alternating current generator. It has a rotor to be driven by a fluid and a transmission assembly for coupling the rotor to an electrical generator. The transmission assembly includes a hydraulic pump (16) which is a positive displacement hydraulic pump which has a linear relationship between fluid pressure and output torque. The pump is connected in a hydraulic circuit which includes a valve (22) which in one state prevents flow of operating fluid from the pump through the hydraulic circuit and in a second state permits this flow.    With the valve in the first state, torque is transmitted from the rotor input to the generator with zero slip and with the valve in the second state, the transmission assembly slips so as to permit the rotation speed of the rotor to increase relative to the rotational speed of the generator so as to maintain a constant torque at the generator.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces torque fluctuations. @(21pp Dwg.No.1/8)@
Appts. has a target holder and a wafer holder facing to the target holder in a vacuum container. The target is arranged at the target holder electrode. Wafers for depositing film are arranged at the wafer holder. Plasma is generated from the target to deposit film on the wafers. The target is made at bar like target piece and a plasma chamber and a film deposition chamber are made in the vacuum container. Plasma control coil is used for focusing the plasma to the plasma route peripheral part for the plasma chamber and film deposition chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Uses target of increasing sputter effective area. Gas plasma is conveyed near the wafer while controlling by Helmholtz magnetic field effect. Source gas is sepd. simultaneously to achieve high performance film. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The cooling substrate having channels for cooling media is made by applying photoresist on the surface of the substrate, drying, exposing, and developing to form the photoresist layer having a specified pattern, Au and/or Ag plating on the portions of non-photoresist layer, peeling the photoresist, followed by etching the substrate. The substrate material, is pref., Cu or Ni alloy.    USE -   For cooling substrate for electronic components, capable of making it easily, and preventing leakage of cooling media. @(5pp Dwg.No 0/4)@
In gas assist etching for ion beam irradiating work and supplying reaction gas from nozzle to the irradiated position, X-direction detecting resistance and Y-direction detecting resistance are measured on a stage on which the work is mounted. The crossing of the X and Y directions is moved to the optical axis of the ion beam by moving the stage. By monitoring change of resistances and by changing position of the nozzle, alignment of the nozzle with the optical axis of the ion beam is possible.    ADVANTAGE -   Reaction gas is introduced effectively to the optical axis of the beam to improve efficiency of etching. @(4pp Dwg.No 1/2)@
In a device for CVD to form film on a wafer by plasma in which the wafer is directed downwards back surface of the wafer is covered by material which provides good conduction and radiation of heat, and the material is electrically connected to electrode to which the wafer is mounted.    ADVANTAGE -   Even if insulation film is adhered to peripheral portion of the wafer deposition can be made stably. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
In the turbine unit, the outline of the easily deformed interlining at the top in the zone near the stator is of zigzag form with hollows and projections. The hollows are positioned opposite the joints of the bands (2) to the columns (3) at the side of their inlet edges and the projections away from these zones.    ADVANTAGE -   Construction of the turbine unit evens out tensions in the steel shell. Bul. 28/30.7.89 @(2pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
Si-oxide film is made by forming glow discharge zone in a vacuum vessel, introducing organic silane and O2 gas or nonmetal oxide gas into the vessel. The component ratio of O atoms to to Si atoms in the gas mixture of organic silane and O2 gas or nonmetal oxide gas is at least 100.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For gate insulating film or passivation film of thin film transistors made by CVD, having high dielectric strength, low hysteresis characteristics of depolarisation, and less accumulation of charges.
A track is connected relative to the surface and a motor actuated robot member is displaceable on the track by a motorised element coupled thereto. The robot member is provided with a working arm which is displaceably coupled and has one or more working tools connectible therewith. A control circuit is associated with the robot member for displacing the robot member and operating the working arm and tool.    A sensor is connected to the working arm and has a probe to sense a distance which is measured along a normal of the surface or any surface calculated by the control circuit and assumed to be representative of theh surface in a delineated working environment of the robot member and working arm. The sensor feeds information data to the control circuit to determine damaged areas requiring working tools. The tool trajectory is then automatically generated by the robotic system to achieve required tool positioning with respect to the surface.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Power generating station. Small, portable and self-programming. @(27pp Dwg.No.11/13)@
The water driven system comprises a flow control valve for controlling the flow of the water in the closed loop water system and a turbine operatively connected to the flow control valve for receiving under controlled conditions the water from the closed loop water system. A check valve is located immediately downstream of the turbine to prevent water from flowing back into the turbine thereby protecting the turbine from damage. A first shut-off valve connects the water driven system to the closed loop water system and is located at a point upstream of the flow control valve and the turbine. The shut-off valve permits water to flow from the closed loop water system into the water driven system when the shut-off valve is open.    A second shut-off valve connects the water driven system to the closed loop water system and is located at a point downstream of the flow control valve and the turbine. The second shut-off valve permits water to flow from the water driven system into the closed loop water system when the second shut-off valve is open. A generator is operatively connected to the turbine for generating electricity in response to operation of the turbine.    ADVANTAGE -   Uses waste water surge and flow. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Film is formed by sputtering with a wafer surface facing a target. The wafer surface is inclined and moved three-dimensionally about a point on an axis of a centre line perpendicular to the target surface.    USE -   High reliability electrodes, wiring films, etc., are formed. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
LAKSF has m.w. of 68,000 +/- 5,000, i.p. 6.8. Human derived normal monocyte cell or normal alveolar macrophage effected with stimulator in cell culturing system, are cultured to produce and collect LAKSF. Stimulator is substance which activate differentiation of monocyte or function of macrophage. Immunosuppressant contains LAKSF.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   New LAKSF can be obtd. in cell culturing system in good efficiency. LAKSF has LAK induce- and immuno-suppressing effect and it can be used for drug. LAKSF is dissolved in saline, sterlised isotonic soln. for injection, and administered to patients i.v., p.c., or i.m. As stabiliser mannitol etc. can be added. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Vibration damping buffer material or sheet of an uneven form, which is made by needle-punching polyester fibres, etc., whose surface, back, or both sides are coated with natural rubber or synthetic resin is bonded to the back side of a wooden plate such as plywood, particle board, etc.    An intermediate wood plate of a thickness of 2.5 - 4.0 mm may be provided between the wooden plate and the vibration-daming buffer or sheet. The pref. thickness of the vibration-damping buffer material or sheet is 1 - 2 mm.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The material to be used on concrete slab, etc, directly has good sound proofness or damping effect. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/3)
In a semiconductor device, a semiconductor element such as transistor, IC, etc., is sealed using an epoxy resin compsn. contg. an epoxy resin (A) other than novolak having at least three epoxy groups per molecule, a phenol resin (B) other than novolak having at least three phenyl gps. per molecule, a brominated epoxy resin (C) having an epoxy equivalent of 420 or more, and a hydrotalcite cpd. (D) of the formula MgxAly(OH)2x+2y-2z(CO3)z. m2O (where x,y, and z are in the relationship y/x = 0-1 z/y = 0-0.15 and m is an integer).    Pref. any one of the components (A) and (B) is reacted with an organopolysiloxane of the formula (I) where R is a monovalent organic group differently or coincidently but at least two of Rs are selected from amino group-substituted organic groups, epoxy gp.-substd. gps., hydroxyl gp.-substd. groups, vinyl gp.-substd. grps., mercapto gp.-substd. groups, and carboxyl gp.-substd. gps. and m is 0-500). The prefd. amt. of the component D is 0.1-5% on the basis of the wts. of the components (A), (B), and (C). The epoxy resin compsn. may contain other additives such as a hardening accelerator, a releasing agent, a colourant, a silane coupling agent, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The semiconductor device is used in the fields of automobile, etc., has excellent heat resistance or good high-temp. storage reliability in particular. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Process makes an ingot consisting of silicon monocrystal and cuts the ingot in the direction intersecting the axis to make wafers and carries out predetermined treatment on the main surface of the wafer to make the semiconductor device. On making the ingot or after making the wafer, oxygen concn. between lattices of the ingot peripheral surface surface layer or wafer peripheral surface surface layer is made so oxygen pptn. hardly occurs in the heat treatment process. The concn. is approximately 8 x 10 power 17 atoms/cm2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   No oxygen pptn. occurs on heat treatment. Yield ratio is improved. @(11pp Dwg.No.1-4/10)
Mono-crystal Si ingot is mfd. by : melting Si contg. above 10,000 ppm impurity; forming the ingot by removing heat from a central portion of the crucible at the bottom so that impurity particles are excluded from the growing ingot and adhere loosely to its surface; and periodically rotating the melt and then stopping it abruptly to dislodge the impurity particles. The impurity particles are esp. SiC.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In mfr. of photovoltaic grade mono-Si (claimed). High purity mono-Si is grown from metallurgical grade Si in a single growth step. @(31pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
The tidal power generating plant has bridge piers, which all the backbone of the facility and are erected of specified equal distance. Several seawater barrier panels, having plate shape, are inserted down between each bridge pier that function to block the ml-ovement of seawater.    The seawater barrier panels are inserted when seawater velocity is lessened, and the most upper portion of the seawater barrier panels are so located that the upper level accords with the floor level of the power generating room, and the height of the bridge piers is slightly lower than the lower level of ebbing tides. The seawater that is lower than lowest level of ebbing tide is insulated by the seawater barrier panels, and when it is with high tide seawater is induced and moved through holes provided at the side wall of the power generating room, thus causing the generation of electricity.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Generating electricity from tidal energy. Economic, reduced construction time. @(11pp dwg.No.1/4)@
the guide appts. consists of a rectangular nozzle (1) with a regulator (2). The regulator is made in the form of vertical shutters (3) which are pivoted to the side walls (4) of the nozzle (1) and spring-loaded relative to them.    When the water pressure at the nozzle inlet drops, the shutters are turned on their pivots (6) by the springs, maintaining a constant jet height from the nozzle.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves efficiency. Bul. 36/30.9.89 @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The turbine consists of a rotor in the form of a hollow cylinder (2) with tangential nozzles (3) and feed channels (4), mounted on a feed pipe (5) with the aid of bearings (6). One of the bearings is a thrust bearing and is in the shape of a ring insert (8).    The turbine is equipped with an outlet pipe (7) which is located coaxially inside the feed pipe (5). The working substance is fed in through the gap between the feed and outlet pipes and then through apertures (11), an annular groove (9), apertures (10) and channels (4) into the nozzles. It then passes into the chamber of the cylinder and then back to the outlet pipe.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces losses of working fluid into outside atmosphere. Bul. 36/30.9.89 @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Process comprises shifting the lead frames sent in order between the conveyor belt which circulates with masks for pass holes and pattern holes, and pressing belt for fitting sealing materials, stopping both belts temporarily when the liq. pass holes and pattern holes of the conveyor belt and plating liq. ejection holes of the receiving component are matched, pressing the pressing belt to the lead frame side using device to adhere plating partially on the lead frame, shifting both belts simultaneously and sepg. lead frame from the belts to next process.    The device has the lead frame conveyor belt and pressing belt moving synchronously with the lead frame conveyer contacting together, and masks are placed at the peripheral part matching the pass holes and pattern holes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device can shorten handling time and plating time significantly and can improve prodn. efficiency by the simple conveying system and parts arrangement. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Process comprises shifting the lead frames sent in order between the conveyor belt which circulates with masks for pass holes and pattern holes, and pressing belt for fitting sealing materials, stopping both belts temporarily when the liq. pass holes and pattern holes of the conveyor belt and plating liq. ejection holes of the receiving component are matched, pressing the pressing belt to the lead frame side using device to adhere plating partially on the lead frame, shifting both belts simultaneously and sepg. lead frame from the belts to next process.    The device has the lead frame conveyor belt and pressing belt moving synchronously with the lead frame conveyer contacting together, and masks are placed at the peripheral part matching the pass holes and pattern holes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device can shorten handling time and plating time significantly and can improve prodn. efficiency by the simple conveying system and parts arrangement. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Process comprises growing dissimilar crystal films having different lattice constants from that of the base plate on the plate. Amorphous film is grown by heating the base plate at low temp. on a crucible evaporating material gas. The seconq process comprises growing amorphous film by heating the base plate at high temp. on crucible, and the thrid process comprising grow crystal film by heating the base plate at high temp. on the crucible, and the thrid process comprises growing crystal film on the ous crystal film by lamination, by heating the plate at the predeteermined growing temp. on the crucible evaporating the material gas.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process controls the temp. of the crucible so that the film growing speed and reevaporation speed are balanced in the second process and heats the base plate at high temp. to convert the amorphous film to the crystal film, which prevents disappearing of the film due to re-evaporation or changes in compsn. and good quality crystal film can be obtd.
The electricity generating system wind-driven generators arranged at an area adjacent to but elevated with respect to a permanent body of water. Several rotary wind harnessing devices are arranged near to and at a higher level than the generators and adapte dto operate the latter. Pump devices are adapted to raise water from the body of water to a second, more highly elevated body of water.    The standby water power operated device operates the generators. The construction and arrangement is such that the generators are operable by wind alone when weather conditions permit, but by water power at other times. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The tidal power station has a pipe (14) with switching gates (15) joining in series pools (5,6) with turbine water ducts (13). Pipe (14) has outlets (16) into each pool. Switching gates (15) are positioned in the outlets (16) of pipe (14) into pools (5,6) with the possibility of closing each outlet (16) and the channelling section of pipe (14) in turn.    ADVANTAGE -   Construction of the tidal power station widens the range of regulating the production of electric energy. Bul.24/30.6.89. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Concealed below the level of the water in an artificial basin is a duct (3) with a filter (4) over its entry end, below a stream (2) of falling water. This produces a current flow through the duct, to rotate a turbine (5) inside the duct.    A generator (6) encloses teh duct at a position in line with the turbine. The delivery end of teh duct discharges beyond a vertical barrier below the water level.    ADVANTAGE -   Equipment can be installed without spoiling appearance of surroundings. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Monomolecular membrane is formed with using linear hydrocarbon (I) contg. (i) acetylene gps. at any desired site in a molecule chain and (ii) COOH gps. at ends of the chain. The monomolecular membrane, is irradiated with heat, light or electric ions and the cpd. (I) is polymerised.    Pref. molecule (I) includes cpd. of formula (A). On a substrate, monomolecular membrane is formed by a LB method. Accumulated monomolecular membrane may be formed. X rays or electric rays are irradiated on the membrane to give polyacethylene. Cpds. contg. diacetylene, pyrole, or phenylene may be used.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Organic materials with good electric conductivity are obtd. efficiently. The material is used for photo-electric devices.
A floating generator is placed in a stream or river and by the action of the flow of water upon paddles (15), drives electric generators (19) to produce electric power at 50 Hz for direct transmission, is releasably tethered by pivoted arms (23,24), to two anchor pillars (27,28) which are sunk into the bed of the river or stream. The pillars are linked together by a perforated deflecting screen (31) to divert flotsam away from the rotating paddles. A protective cowl (34) may be provided. The generators may be driven via torque converters and gears (20).    The floating electric generator (10) consists of two ballast chambers (11, 12) which have two filler caps (13) and two drain cocks (14) which enable the ballast chambers to be filled or emptied as required. Filling of the chambers with liq. enables the paddles to be lowered deeper into the water to receive a greater volume of water against the surface area of each vane (16) in the paddle.    ADVANTAGE -   Paddles can be submerged to any predetermined depth for necessary revs for generator.
A hydro-electric power generation and supply arrangement comprises a region contg. differing climatic zones. The region is divisible into a number of sub-regions chosen such that the aggregate of the annula distribution of the average precipitation and runoff of relevant catchments in each sub-region bears a closer relationship with the annular distribution of demand for electricity within the region than the average precipitation and run-off in any one of those sub-regions. Each of the sub-regions has at least one hydroelectric power station utilising its respective output and means for interconnecting the power stations into a distribution grid.
The formation method comprises the steps of fabricating a number of spaced-apart front electrodes on a substrate and fabricating a thin film of semiconductor material on the front electrodes. A thin film of metal is fabricated on the semiconductor film. The metal film is scribed along a pattern of first lines with a laser operated at a first power density sufficient to melt the metal through the underlying semiconductor film and form electrical connections between the metal film and the front electrodes along the first lines.    The semiconductor film is scribed along a pattern of second lines with a laser operated at a second power density sufficient to ablate the semiconductor material along the second lines. The second lines is parallel to and adjacent the first lines. The ablation of the semiconductor material producing gases that structurally weaken and burst through the metal film overlying the semiconductor material along the second lines to form gaps separating the metal film into a number of back electrodes.    .
Ferromagnetic org. substances having a triaryl methane structure of formula (I) or (II) are claimed, the substances being characterised by a free radical concn. of methine C positions of at least 10 power 17 (pref. at least 10 power 18) radicals/g. R1 = either an opt. substd. condensed polynuclear arylene gp. with the rings opt. contg. a hetero-atom including N, S or O as a ring member, or an electron donor gp.-substd. phenylene gp.; R2 = opt. substd. aryl gp.; R3 = opt. substd. aromatic nucleus; and n = at least 3, pref. at least 10.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Expected uses are in e.g. magnetic recording or photoelectronic optical materials. Ferromagnetism is shown with good reproducibility and the novel substances are readily prepd. A material prepd. from benzaldehyde and pyrene showed satn. magnetisation 5G with co-ercive force 200 Oe after specified treatment. The B-stage, thermosetting precondensate used to prepare substances contg. structure (I) is esp. useful in that it can be melt shaped to films, fibres or other mouldings.
A glow dischargee method of fabricating doped microcrystalline semiconductor alloy, which includes a band gap-widening element, comprises providing a substrate in an evacuated deposition chamber, adding a precursor mixt. of semiconductor-, dopant-, and band gap-widening element-contg. gases, plus diluent gas, and subjecting it to an a.c. glow discharge in the absence of a magnetic field strong enough to induce e.c.r.    The above is thus deposited as a random network of low conductivity surrounding highly ordered crystalline inclusions of sufficient vol. fraction to give a low resistance current path, so that the alloy has a dark electrical conduction of at least 0.5 ohm-1cm-1, and a band gap of at least 1.9V.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A simple process for depositing n- or p- microcrystalline semiconductor alloys contg. band gap-widening elements is provided, as is the first n-type wide band gap material. The method is suitable for p-i-n photovoltaic devices (fig.) with synergistic improvement in operational performance.
Solar cell device, in which a series of solar cell elements is connected by interconnects, comprises a metal film between the electrodes of the elements and the interconnectors. The welding area between the metal film and the electrode is larger than the welding area between the metal film and the interconnector. Pref. the metal film is Ag or Au; It is at least 5 microns thick and (10-50 microns thick). The electrodes of the solar cell elements are made of Ti/Pd/Ag. The ratio of the welding area between the metal film and the electrode to the welding area between the metal film and the interconnector is about 3:1.    ADVANTAGE -   Strong and stable welding intensity is obtd. between the solar cell element and the interconnector, which gives a highly reliable solar cell.
A U-tube has an entry to the column of water below the water surface providing a siphoning effect. An annular column of flowing water can be utilized without the siphoning effect should one so desire. The U-tube and operates under a siphoning action for the entire fluid flow through the column.    Initial start-up effects pumping of water into the column in order to get it to flow or in place of pumping there is a suitable valve oped to allow water flow into the column and closed so that further flow of the water is by way of siphoning. Air release or bleed valves relieve or allow the escape of any air accumulated in the annular column of water flow.    ADVANTAGE -   Uses annular column of water.
The amorphous solar cell is provided having a junction structure of a p layer, an i layer and n layer where an electromotive force is generated when the cell is irradiated by light.    The amorphous solar cell includes an upper cell and a lower cell which each have an i layer.    The upper and lower cells are stacked so that the upper cell is located on the light incident side. An output end of the upper cell and an output end of the lower cell are connected in parallel.    The thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 300 angstroms or less.    Because the thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 3000 angstroms or less, the amorphous solar cell has a high initial photoelectric conversion efficiency and properties which are unlikely to be degraded by light.    ADVANTAGE -   High photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduced light degradation.    (First major country equivalent to J02000378)
Water is removed from a turbine chamber and a repair assembly is mounted adjacent to the end of a turbine blade. Turbine blades (6) and a turbine shaft (7) are rotated through a turning mechanism (18) positioned on a blade so that turning forces are exerted directly between the turning mechanism and the surface of the liner wall (8).    The turning mechanism comprises a mounting assembly (19) which mounts a turning wheel (22) driven by a motor drive assembly (24) through a gear reduction mechanism (26). A biasing assembly (27) is provided to selectively urge the wheel into frictional contact with the surface of the liner wall.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In repairing and resurfacing of turbine liner walls pitted as a result of cavitation. Does not require bulky motor.
The structure includes an anchored stator SRC surrounded by a rotatable ring of buoyant wings (SSW,SHW,WW,DSW,DBW,BFW, BW). Water flow acting upon the wings causes the ring to rotate thereby generating power. The structure is stated to function as a city and is serviced by floating roads NFR, SFR.    Each road is provided with breakwaters and wave power generators. The roads and structure can be used to span a stretch of water.    ADVANTAGE -   Nearly all available kinetic energy of water-flow is converted into water without causing environmental degradations.
The drive shaft (11) coupled directly to the pelton wheel (10) rotates a push rod (13) on which the weighted members (12) are pivoted. The members swing outwards about their respective pivot (12a) when the rod turns. Each member is L-shaped with a roller element (14), disposed at the extremity of one leg, for outward movement to engage on abutment (25). In this way the member (12) provides a first degree lever with fulcrum (12a) and the roller element as a reaction point.    The push rod is caused to slide axially on the drive shaft in response to centrifugal force derived from the weighted members. This engages a third degree lever (16) operating on hydraulic nozzle (15) for the wheel through a connecting rod (17) and first degree lever (18). A compression spring (19) in a bore (110) of the drive shaft provides a bias against the centrifugal forces acting on the weighted members. (Provisional basic advised week 89/48)
Forming a monolithic cascade solar cell, including sub-cells of different radiation converting band-gaps, comprises 1) forming a fisrt radiation converting solar sub-cell having a first band-gap on a substrate; 2) forming an interconnecting thin layer of gold over the first sub-cell, this layer being substantially transparent to radiation of frequency which matches the band-gap of the first sub-cell, and 3) forming one more radiation converting solar sub-cell having a second band-gap over the interconnecting layer of gold.    ADVANTAGE -   The method, is simpler, faster, and gives a higher yield than previously. The devices produced are more reliable, cheaper and more rugged than previously.
When there is no petroleum products film on the water surface the signals from radiation receivers (8,9) pass to level triggers (10). At the output, there is a constant signal and therefore logic zero is contained in all stages of counter (13). When extraneous objects fall in channel (17) level trigger (10) gives pulse signals.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Suitable for thermal and hydroelectric power stations. Has high functional reliability achieved by the use of pulse generator, light separating element, frequency divider and pulse counter. Bul.15/23.4.89.
The unit has a vessel made as a catamaran (1) with a working channel (3) between its hulls (2). Channel (3) contains conveyor (4) with shafts (5) placed on hulls (2) and endless belt (6) with blades (7). The blades are placed in two rows along the belt and are staggered. The length of each blade is equal to half the belt width. The belt edges can be perforated and the shafts are provided with radial pins (9) which enter the perforation openings (10). In order to increase the power the unit can be provided with hydraulic turbines (11) with vertical rotation axes, placed in channel (3) outlet diffuser (13).    The channel is orientated in the river flow direction.    USE -   The unit is used for hydraulic power conversion to electric power. Bul.15/23.4.89.
The optoelectronic component housing has 3 successive sections (10,14,18), with a heat exchanger pipe (11) for a cooling device enclosed between the base section (10) and the middle section (14). These are made of a material with a reduced thermal conductivity.    The heat exchanger pipe (11) lies in a spiral in a given plane and is attached to the inside wall of the middle section (14) via locating ribs (15) fitting between the adjacent turns of the spiral, with metallic ribs attached to the outside of the heat exchanger pipe The latter ribs are pref. made of a metal with a high thermal conductivity and a low thermal capacity.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows rapid cooling of optoelectronic component to required working temp. with good mechanical stability.
Semiconductor device is formed by providing an Si substrate having an Si3N4 layer on one surface; coating the Si3N4 with a paste contg.: one of Ni, Ag, Pd, Pt and Rh; a Pb (boro) silicate glass frit; and an organic vehicle; and firing so as to cause the paste to penetrate the Si3N4 and form an ohmic contact on the first surface.    Metal is Ag or Ni and frit is a Pb silicate contg. 5-80 wt.% Pb; the frit may also contain up to 30 wt.% B2O3. The paste is applied by screening and firing is performed in air at 650-850 deg.C for 15-60 sec. A second contact, pref. of Al or Ag, is provided on the second surface. The paste includes up to 10 wt.% terpineol or up to 2.0 wt.% ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. with photovoltaic semiconductor junction devices (claimed), esp. in forming the grid electrode of solar cells. Low cost metallisation is provided, leaving the surrounding Si3N4 to serve as an anti-reflection and protective layer.
The power station has inlet and outlet pipelines each one provided with number of elastic pipes (6) and a slide (7) placed between the latter and the hydraulic device (2). One row pipes (6) are provided with direct valves and the other row pipes are provided with non-return valves and are connected to floats (5). In case of wavy conditions during the tide coming in the slide (7) covers one of the pipelines and the water from the wave crests flows through pipes (6) to direct valves and the hydraulic device (2) and during the tide going out the slide (7) covers the other pipeline and the water can pour into the wave dip.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased electric power output. Bul.11/23.3.89
The process requires the formation of a dielectric layer on the substrate surface. This layer is locally removed to expose the substrate material. The exposed substrate is etched without attacking the dielectric layer. The substrate material etching is carried out until sufficient undercutting of the pattern formed in the dielectric layer has been achieved. The hole/moat formed is then filled with metal, and forms an electric contact. The overlap of the dielectric material ensures excessive widening of the contact pattern on top of the dielectric layer is avoided. The metal is pref. deposited by electroless depsn. Also claimed is the structure formed by depsn. of metal over the entire surface of the silicon. In this case the dielectric layer overlap ensures metal is only deposited in the lower part of the moat. The dielectric layer may also be removed in localised areas by mechanical methods and the substrate exposed is pref. chemically etched.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process reduces the shadowing action of the substrate contacts on the solar cells on which they are used, compared with current contacts. The mfg. steps are simple and series-resistance is significantly reduced. The dielectric layer can also be used as an anti-reflection layer.
The cleaning device of the image forming device, comprises an elastic cleaning roller kept in contact with the scanning photoreceptor for sliding the surface of the photoreceptor, and the absolute value of the surface potential of the cleaning roller at the contact position of the photoreceptor and the cleaning roller is kept higher than that of the photoreceptor. The cleaning device comprises a means for charging the surface of the photoreceptor at the contact position, in the polarity same as that of the cleaning roller.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cleaning property is improved, and the image of high quality is formed for a long period. @(4pp DWg.No.1,2/2)@
A property of a first working substance is cyclically changed in a first subsystem forming a property modulator. The property modulator is provided with a work transfer input and a work transfer output a heat input, a heat transfer input and a heat transfer output. the sum of the work transfer input and the output is equal to zero over a cycle. The property modulator is connected to a second subsystem forming an energy converter where the change in the property of the first working substance of the property modulator includes a corresponding change in a property of tha second working substance of the energy converted.    The energy converter is provided with a heat transfer input receiving a heat input which is equal in magnitude but opposite in sense to the heat output of the heat transfer output of the property modulator. A heat transfer output delivers a heat output which is equal in magnitude but opposite in sense to the heat input of the heat transfer input to the property modulator the change in property of the second working substance of the nergy converter is convented to work delivered to the work output. @(13pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Electrical energy is induced by initially magnetising ferromagnetic material, and applying heat to raise the material above its magnetic transition temperature, so as to cause a loss of magnetisation and induce a current in a superconducting circuit.    The material is alternately heated and cooled. A circuit enclosing the material is connected in series to a superconducting storage coil during the heating part of the cycle and is short circuited during the cooling part of the cycle. During cooling the magnetic field of the coil is increased to 10 times larger than the magnetic field produced by the circuit which surrounds the ferromagnetic material.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables heat-to-electricity conversion even at temp. just above ambient. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Rotating electric machinery have current collectors comprising a reaction sintered compact of conductive nitride produced from metal particles of at least one of Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Ce, Co, Mn, Hf, W, Mo, Fe, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, Lu, Th and Ni.    USE -   For rotating electric machinery having reaction sintered compact collectors having small dimensional changes during sintering, and uniform compsn. @(15pp Dwg.No.1-3/14)@
Device for treating wafer by plasma has wafer supported by lower electrode opposed to upper electrode, and peripheral portion of wafer is held by clampers and insulator with low dielectric constant is at portion between lower electrode and clamper.    ADVANTAGE -   Clamper is insulated from electrode so focussing of plasma is improved to improve etching- and deposition-rates of wafer. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)
Photovoltaic assembly for converting high intensity solar radiation comprises: a base formed of a heat-conducting backing plate and a composite heat-conducting dielectric layer comprising a thin film of porous Al203 and an electrophoretically-deposited styrene-acrylate resin in the pores of the Al203; and photovoltaic cells in thermal contact with the composite dielectric layer, heat generated in the cells being transmitted to the backing plate.    ADVANTAGE -   Composite layer combines high electrical insulation with high heat conductivity for efficient thermal transfer to the backing plate. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
The thermoelectric generator is made from a flat flexible woven braid (4) supporting serially connected thermocouples (7 and 8) projecting from each side. Keeping electrical and thermal isolation between hot (7) and cold (8) thermocouples, the braid can be formed into numerous shapes, e.g. cylindrical to capture the heat from spirit lamps or linear for capturing solar energy reflected from static reflectors. The thermocouples used are typically nickel-chromium constantan or iron copper.    USE -   Powering radio, small refrigerator and recharging accumulator in third world or isolated areas. @(14pp Dwg.No.2/5)@
The external solar panel has an outer disc (10) with rear optical lens elements (14) and an inner disc (11) lying in the focal plane of the lens elements (14), supporting photosensitive elements with intermediate zones (15) for providing the energy used for lighting or heating the building.    Each photosensitive element (15) has a smaller surface area than the corresponding lens element (14) and is supported to allow it to be displaced relative to the outer disc (10) without altering the distance between the 2 discs (10, 11), to select the solar energy mode or the building heating and lighting mode.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplified regulation of required mode. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/11)@
An electronic part is sealed with a resin by controlling the solidifying rate of sealed resin, distribution of resin pressure and flowing-in path by providing a step or core in the cavity of mould.    The sealing resin has high mechanical strength and high mouldability at lower temp. (pref. liq. crystal polyester contg. aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid gp. and/or aromatic polyesteramide gp., polyphenylene sulphide, polyamide, polyether sulphone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether ketone, etc. opt. blended with other thermoplastic rsein, a fibrous filler (e.g. glass-, asbestos-, SiO2-, SiO2/Al2O3-, SiN-, SiB3-, B-, K titanate, high melting organic fibre, etc.), a granular filler (e.g. carbon black, SiO2, quartz powder, glass beads, etc.) and a flaky filler (e.g. mica or glass flake).    ADVANTAGE -   The process provides sealed prods. having minimised deficiencies such as out of position and deformation of electronic parts and falling-down of bonding wires. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
An electronic part is sealed with a resin by controlling the solidifying rate of sealed resin, distribution of resin pressure and flowing-in path by providing a step or core in the cavity of mould.    The sealing resin has high mechanical strength and high mouldability at lower temp. (pref. liq. crystal polyester contg. aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid gp. and/or aromatic polyesteramide gp., polyphenylene sulphide, polyamide, polyether sulphone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether ketone, etc. opt. blended with other thermoplastic rsein, a fibrous filler (e.g. glass-, asbestos-, SiO2-, SiO2/Al2O3-, SiN-, SiB3-, B-, K titanate, high melting organic fibre, etc.), a granular filler (e.g. carbon black, SiO2, quartz powder, glass beads, etc.) and a flaky filler (e.g. mica or glass flake).    ADVANTAGE -   The process provides sealed prods. having minimised deficiencies such as out of position and deformation of electronic parts and falling-down of bonding wires. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
The photovoltaic semiconductor solar cells of the system are deposited on thin, flexible mats, or mesh in a thin-layer technique. The photovoltaic cells (1,2) are directly combined with electric resistance layer (4), applied to the rear sides of the photovoltaic elements as thin layers.    The semiconductor solar cells may be engaged at one side by photons (3). By absorption of electromagnetic radiation, such as day or artificial light, UV and IR radiation, separate charge carriers and a voltage are generated in the cells with n and p layers. The voltage is such that it can be used for electric current generation. The current direct connection to the resistance layers can be converted into heat.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Also as thermo-cladding. Sufficient heat efficiently even at low irradiation intensity. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The rigid airship has an annular or toroidal airfoil fuselage in front elevation for housing several elongated gas cells containing a buoyant gas such as helium. The fuselage includes at least two longitudinal and a number of transverse structural for supporting the cells. A covering is provided about the fuselage comprising a multiplicity of fitted panels joined by retainer straps and locking nodes.    The fuselage defines a central venturi having an annular intake and a contracted exit through which an elongated tapered tail cone extends in coaxial relationship with the fuselage. Boundary layer control is effected via manifolds associated with the fuselage panels and a variable geometry venturi passageway is effected by longitudinal movement of a control compartment and adjoining tapered tail cone. Propulsion is carried after the venturi contraction and an electrical power regeneration and storage system is integrated with electrodes carried on the panels for electrokinetic propulsion.    USE -   Airship deriving aerodynamic. lift and speed via airflow through variable geometry central venturi.@(8pp Dwg.No.3/8)@
A geothermal power plant includes a turbine which is fed with steam from a well. The effluent form the turbine is partially condensed on a surface condenser to separate the non-condensablee gas fraction. This gas fraction is then treated in a primary abatement system which pref. removes hydrogen sulphide before the gas is released. The condensate from the turbine condenser is subdivided and a portion of the liq. is reinjected into the geothermal well. The remaining fraction of the condensate is directed to a secondary contaminant abatement system for removal of dissolved contaminants.    The diagram shows a schematic of the process where the geothermal steam (11) applies the power generating turbine (10). Effluent ---the main condenser (20) where the liquidse are condensed and released down conduit includes a diverter valve (32) which reinjects some of the liquid into the well via a conduit (39). The remainder of the condensate is treated in the secondary abatement system (33, 34). Finally it is pref. cooled in a tower (35) and reinjected or recycled to cool the main condenser.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process removes contaminants esp. hydrogen sulphide from the effluent of a geothermal power plant. Reinjection of a portion of the condensate from the turbine reduces the chemical demands of the plant.
In the appts. struss structured tracking modules span pairs of bearings in two parallel rows of co-aligned axial polar bearings attached to the mechanism base structure. Each side of the truss a row of declination bearings parallels the polar axis. Declination-tracking concen. units turn on each pair of co-aligned declination bearings.    Concen. units incorporate a focussing Fresnel lens and a small solar energy receiver. Each tracking module has a space frame structure. The solar collector mechanism also includes radius wheel segments centred on the polar and declination axes with corresp. tracking actuators.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Concentrates sunlight into optical fibres for transmissionm to core building illumination zone, or for photovoltagee or photothermal solar energy conversion. Comparatively small, lightweight tracking structure. Excellent tracking resolution. Can be housed, e.g. under glass, to eliminate wind loading.
A supported photovoltaic array comprises 2 rows of spaced apart support elements set in the earth; first members, each spanning support elements; second members spanning the first members; a set of photovoltaic modules mounted on each pair of second members, with each module sepd. from an adjacent module, with each adjacent pair of modules being secured to an underlying second member by at least one cushioned, load-spreading attachment positioned in the spaces between adjacent pairs of modules.    Pref. (i) each load-spreading attachment is a rivet with an enlarged head having an area greater than 3 times the cross-sectional area of the rivet stem; (ii) the 2 rows of support elements are wooden piles and the modules have glass substrates; (iii) the first members span support elements in rows or columns and the modules are retained by clips; (iv) each second member is a rail formed form sheet metal with at least 2 bends.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Low cost and mechanically simple construction of support systems for photovoltaic arrays. Particularly suitable for construction by non-specialist contractors. @(11pp Dwg.No.4b/7)@
Article useful in thermoelectric generators comprises a solid electrolyte carrying a thin-film Mo-Pt-O electrode, having long life and high power output, formed by physical deposition of Mo and Pt in an atmos. contg. at least 10 vol. % O2. The electrode is 0.5-10 microns thick and contains 5-20 mol. % Pt. Also claimed is a method of making the above comprising physically depositing the Mo and Pt as above. Further claimed is the article claimed above with the solid electrolyte comprising beta-alumina. Also claimed is an alkali metal thermoelectric generator comprising above article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Mo-Pt-O film electrode for thermoelectric generators (claimed) which has high power output for extended periods (Fig.) and a method of mfr. are provided. The electrode adheres well to the ceramic electrolyte and is readily deposited by physical means. Also unusual shapes may be made. @(10pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The method is for connecting solar-cells in series. A connecting strip is provided over the full width of the front of the first solar cell and this has a previously defined quantity of electrically conductive joining material i.e. glue. This first solar cell is positioned in a first position in a first position with the front pointing upwards. The glued connection strip lays against the support part extending above the surface of the container and so that the strip is to the right. A connecting strip is provided with a connecting strip and is positioned in the container at a second position so that its back part rests on the connecting strip of the first and cells can be joined in this way forming a roof-tile pile. A heater is conveyed through the container to harden the glue. @(10pp DWg.No.30/3)@
The auxiliary current supply for a space rocket use a turbine wheel (1) driving an electrical generator (5) which is rotated by the rocket exhaust gases. The turbine wheel (1) is supported to allow it to pivot into the path of the rocket jet, at the rear of the rocket. Pref. the turbine jet is coupled to the generator (5) via an intermediate transmission, the entire system made of a fire-resistant material.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides auxiliary electrical energy independent of solar power.
The function monitor uses a series circuit for each current regulator valve comprising a measuring diode and a resistance. The anode/cathode potential across the measuring diode is fed to an evaluation stage pref. using blind current diodes.    USE -   Wave generator plant on board ship. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Ordinary roofing materials (2) are disposed at the edge of the eaves and at the gable portion of at least one of the roof surfaces and a lighting frame (B) as a solar energy collection roofing material is disposed at the central portion encompassed by the roofing materials (2). Waterproof walls (255,256) formed at the side edge of the roofing materials (2) are housed in a roofing plate housing space (280,281) of a connecting material (273) and the upper and lower ends of the longitudinal sash bar (160) of the lighting frame (B) are housed in an upper regulation space (92') of connecting member cover (D,D') and in a fitting groove (88) of a connecting member (A,A'), respectively so as to absorb any dimensional error of the roof width and thermal expansion and along therewith, a face fitting member (309) and a face regulating plate (310) of a ridge face device (308), that are mutually fitted, slide relative to each other.    Further, light transmitting plates (14) of the lighting frames (B) adjacent to each other in the ridge direction are superposed to increase the light collection area. A separate light transmitting plate support sash bar (420) is fitted diagonally to the inner surface of the longitudinal sash bar (160) of the lighting frame (B) in such a manner as to correspond to the difference in gradient between the roof and the light transmitting plate(14). @(170pp Dwg.No.1/152)@
Mirror comprises: a thin flexible metal foil substrate with a glassy coating; an Si3N4 diffusion barrier; and a reflective layer of metal. A second Si3N4 diffusion barrier layer is pref. added on the reflective metal layer.    The metal is pref. Ag and the glassy coating is pref. SiO2 pref. derived from a sol-gel.    Pref., the entire Ag layer is sandwiched and sealed in Si3N4. In an embodiment, the glassy layer on the foil substrate is omitted. The foil may be thin-rolled stainless steel and the reflective layer Ag, or both may be Al. In further alternatives, the flexible substrate is a polymer sheet coated with a glassy ceramic layer, or it may be Cu foil.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   With e.g. mirrored solar collectors. Use of the diffusion barrier(s) enhances the mirror's outdoor life to e.g. over 20 yrs. @(13pp Dwg.No.4/13)@
The vanes (3) are provided with extending blades (1) with tails, controlled by solenoids (5) or centrifugal weights. The blade protruding part has a 3-shaped profile thus allowing intensive braking of the wind wheel with vertical shaft rotation. Moving centrifugal weights can be used instead of the solenoids. The weights can be fitted on crosspieces and can be connected to blades by a cable.    USE -   The unit is used for a wind wheel rotation frequency regulation. Bul.12/30.3.90. @(3pp Dwg.No.3/4)@
The solid electrolyte comprises electrolyte of S-hydrocarbyl acetophenone-isosemicarbazone-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (I) complex salt.    Pref. (I) is S-(1-18C) alkyl acetophenone isosemicarbazone.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic semiconductor having good heat-stability and less specific resistance value as opposed to those of conventional quinoline TCNQ can be obtd. Life of the solid electrolytic capacitor is improved.    S-methyl-acetophenone isosemicarbazone TCNQ complex salt was dissolved in acetonitrile to make satd. soln. Al foil was etched to increase its surface area ten times as much as that of the material. Then oxidized coating was formed on the surface of the foil to prepare the capacitor element. The element was soaked in the satd. soln., then dried in vacuum at 50-60 deg.C to remove acetonitrile solvent. This process was repeated three times. Then colloidal carbon was applied, then silver paste was applied on the element, and lead wire was soldered on it. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte comprises electrolyte of S-hydrocarbyl acetophenone-isosemicarbazone-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (I) complex salt.    Pref. (I) is S-(1-18C) alkyl acetophenone isosemicarbazone.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic semiconductor having good heat-stability and less specific resistance value as opposed to those of conventional quinoline TCNQ can be obtd. Life of the solid electrolytic capacitor is improved.    S-methyl-acetophenone isosemicarbazone TCNQ complex salt was dissolved in acetonitrile to make satd. soln. Al foil was etched to increase its surface area ten times as much as that of the material. Then oxidized coating was formed on the surface of the foil to prepare the capacitor element. The element was soaked in the satd. soln., then dried in vacuum at 50-60 deg.C to remove acetonitrile solvent. This process was repeated three times. Then colloidal carbon was applied, then silver paste was applied on the element, and lead wire was soldered on it. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The generator has a frame for mounting in tidal waters: A float is arranged to rise and fall in response to movements of the tidal waters and is pivotally mounted at a first end of a lever mounted on the frame. A gear is rotatably mounted on the frame for movement about a horizontal axis and is operatively connected to a second end of the lever so that rotation occurs in response to movement of said float.    A wheel coaxially mounted with the gear includes a number of water tight tanks circumferentially spaced around it.    A liquid flow path exists between the tanks. A rotor is axially mounted at the common axial centre and is rotated by water flowing through the liquid flow path from the upper tank to the lower tank. A trip operates in association with each tank by opening a liquid flow path when required.    ADVANTAGE -   Combines force of gravity with wave power to drive generator. @(12pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Dispersed type EL element having luminescense layer of a fluorescense material is dispersed in high permittivity binder resin, and defoaming agent is contained in the luminescense layer.    ADVANTAGE -   The EL element has high luminance, improved life and duration term.    In an example, coating compsn. was prepd. by process in which 10 pts.wt. cyanoethylated pullulan was dissolved in 15 pts.wt. DMF, 25 pts.wt. fluorescent material (ZnS:Cu,Cl) was dispersed in it, and silicone deforming agent of ''KS66'' (RTM Shinetu kagaku K.K.) was added. The compsn. was coated on 1000 Angstrom thick ITO film formed on 1.1mm thick transparent glass, dried for 4 hours at 130 deg.C to form 30 microns thick luminescense layer, 75 microns thick Al foil was clad on it by hot press at 150 deg.C with 5 kg/sq.cm. pressure as back electrode, and sealed with epoxy resin and glass to form dispersed EL element. Test of the element showed that initial luminance was 70 cd/sq.m. and life was 780 hours but conventional one is 60 and 600 each. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/119@
Dispersed type EL element having luminescense layer of a fluorescense material is dispersed in high permittivity binder resin, and defoaming agent is contained in the luminescense layer.    ADVANTAGE -   The EL element has high luminance, improved life and duration term.    In an example, coating compsn. was prepd. by process in which 10 pts.wt. cyanoethylated pullulan was dissolved in 15 pts.wt. DMF, 25 pts.wt. fluorescent material (ZnS:Cu,Cl) was dispersed in it, and silicone deforming agent of ''KS66'' (RTM Shinetu kagaku K.K.) was added. The compsn. was coated on 1000 Angstrom thick ITO film formed on 1.1mm thick transparent glass, dried for 4 hours at 130 deg.C to form 30 microns thick luminescense layer, 75 microns thick Al foil was clad on it by hot press at 150 deg.C with 5 kg/sq.cm. pressure as back electrode, and sealed with epoxy resin and glass to form dispersed EL element. Test of the element showed that initial luminance was 70 cd/sq.m. and life was 780 hours but conventional one is 60 and 600 each. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/119@
The die, for moulding a box-shaped resin moulded body equipped with a lead frame, includes a hollow part forming a protrusion on its parting face. The part of the protrusion, which contacts with an island of the lead frame, is parallel to the parting face, while the parts contacting with an inner lead are tapered.    USE -   Prodn. of resin flush burrs can be prevented easily.
A system for supplying power to an electrical device comprises a container, a hydraulic motor and a generator connected to the output of the motor and arranged to supply electrical power to the device.    The hydraulic motor, the generator and the electrical device are all housed within the container and the container is provided with an inlet and an outlet to enable hydraulic fluid to be supplied to the motor.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For e.g. oil rigs or coal mines. Motor may also be cooled by fluid that drives it. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The wave powered generator system incorporates a number of paddle and hydraulic cylinder units (44-56). Each paddle and hydraulic cylinder unit has a paddle in the path of waves and is pivotally supported to reciprocate and operate a hydraulic pump (128, 130). Each hydraulic pump discharges into an accumulator (140) that in turn delivers fluid to drive an electric generator (196).    The accumulator (140) automatically accommodates variations in flow rate from the hydraulic cylinder (130). There are devices for accommodating variations in the height and velocity of waves, of changes in the period of the waves, and of changes in the level of the sea.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be adjusted to operate efficiently under variations in wave characteristics. @(15pp Dwg.No.8/8)@
The driving method comprises the steps of causing refrigerant fluid contained under a high pressure in a tank to flow into pipes provided with check valves, hence passing the refrigerant fluid into the prime mover. The refrigerant fluid discharged is introduced at a low pressure from the prime mover into refrigeranta regulators, where the refrigerant fluid, while at a fixed volume, is heated to attain an elevated pressure which is higher than said high pressure. The refrigerant fluid is returned to the tank while at the elevated pressure, thus continuously driving the prime mover.    Between the steps of passing the refrigerant gas into a prime over and of introducing the refrigerant fluid into refrigerant regulators, the refrigerant fluid discharged under a low pressure from the prime mover is introduced into an evaporator. The refrigerant fluid is expanded to a lesser pressure and a large amount of the refrigerant fluid is temporarily stored.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates harmful exhaust gases and umpleasant noises.
The battery has a number of series connected solar vells (1) to produce the desired output voltage. Each of the cells is connected in parallel to a capacitor (2). A dudiode (3) is connected between each cell and capacitor to allow forward current generated by the cell to flow.    When a cell becomes shaded the stored energy in the capacitor becomes available to maintain the total output voltage.    ADVANTAGE -   Output voltage does not vary when parts of array-are shaded.
A compact solar powered energy source employs a multi modular array of photovoltaic cells (7) connected by fibre optic cables (4) to a series of light responsive sensors (2). Initial concentration of light energy falling on each sensor (2) is effected by an optical condenser lens (1) set within the confines of a parabolic reflector (not shown) which tracks the sun's orbit.    The solar cell assemblies (7) are vacuum encapsulated to afford protection from environmental pollutants or other adverse conditions of loading.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Power generation from replaceable energy source. Major reduction in required energy collecting area for a given output of electrical power. A reduction factor of 500 is claimed in comparison with previous pilot schemes. Vacuum encapsulation gives reliable operation, fibre optics reduce energy transmission losses, size and weight reduction ideal for future space station and satellite applications.
The method includes placing a material to be scribed in a gaseous atmosphere and contacting the surface of the material with a non-cutting heated tip. The heated tip is rounded to prevent cutting and is moved relative to the material, either by moving the tip or the material in accordance with the pattern that is to be scribed.    The tip is heated during the scribing operation, either continuously at a prescribed level, or discontinuously in order to maintain the average temperature at a prescribed level. Discontinuous heating allows the desired average temperature to be realised quickly. It may take the form of successive pulsing. The tip has a longitudinal axis that forms an angle of less than 90 degrees relative to the surface being inscribed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Scribing outer panels of photovoltaic panels. Avoids incomplete cuts or overcuts. @(6pp dwg.No.1/3)@
The unit has platform (1) placed above the water level and carries piston pumps cylinders (2) whose shafts (3) are hinged to the pontoons, working body accumulator and turbo-generator. The efficiency is increased since the unit is provided with vertical stands (4) each one connected to the platform lower surface and hinged to centre of one of the pontoons. Each pontoon is made as a support (5) with additional piston pumps (6), hinged on floats (7) by additional vertical stands (8). Each additional stand is connected to the centre of one of the floats and the additional pumps shafts are hinged on the periphery.    The waves effect floats (7) and displace additional pumps (6) piston shafts (9). The bearings (6) oscillate w.r.t. the platform displacing the pumps (2) piston shafts. The pumps (2,6) supply the working body to the accumulator and turbo-generator. The floats can be hollow with their cavities used as the workinq body accumulators.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For wave energy conversion. Efficiency is improved. Bul.48/30.12.89. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Wire comprises high-purity Au, to which 3-10 wt.ppm Y, 1-50 wt. ppm Ca, and 1-10 wt.ppm Be are added in a total amt. of 10-110 wt. ppm.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for bonding electrodes on semiconductor devices and outer leads, having good heat resistance. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The device comprises a cover for the top of a tablet block, a drive for the cover, and a gas supplying means for forcedly charging tablets charged in tablet holes in the block to holes in a lower die of a mould press by gas pressure.    USE -   Operation is easy. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A stator (2) is held in position by an anchor and chain (1). A float (4) supports a piston (3) and a magnetised cylinder (6) within a stator winding (7). The float reciprocates on a sea-swell and the moving cylinder (6) induces a voltage in the winding (7).    In heavier sea conditions the tube array (9) admits water which alternately enters and leaves the space between the float (4) and the piston (3), causing the latter to reciprocate and produce a voltage as above.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Energy is produced in both light and heavy sea conditions. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Hydrazine or similar working fluid from a cooler (17) is vapourised in a boiler (37) by electric heating (14), to drive the piston (3) in a narrow gas cylinder (41). Thin oil or water-oil mixt. is driven from a larger cylinder (1) through a pressure-equalising tank to a working chamber (27) contg. the paddle wheel (28) which drives the dynamo (25). The oil or mixt. returns through a regulator valve (31) to the larger cylinder (1) for recirculation.    ADVANTAGE -   Self-generated fluid pressure is utilised in simple machine maintainable by mechanic without special needing skills.
The system includes direct power generation equipment for producing electric power directly by using geothermal fluid and indirect power generation equipment for electric power through heat exchange with the geothermal fluid using carbon dioxide as a heat transfer medium. Refrigeration equipment serves for cooling water by an absorption refrigeration method and hot water utilization equipment serves for hot spring and other purposes.    Comparatively high-temperature geothermal fluid is supplied to direct power generation equipment to be used for generation of electric power. Intermediate-temperature geothermal fluid is supplied to indirect power generation equipment to be used for generation of electric power. Hot water recovered at a comparatively low temperature following its use in cooling and air conditioning performed by refrigeration equipment is utilized at the hot water utilization equipment.    ADVANTAGE -   Effective utilisation of thermal energy of fluid without wasteful radiation of energy. @(38pp Dwg.No.1/9)@
The generating system has a pipe (D) laid to extend in the north-south direction with machine (C) for introducing sea water into the higher-latitude end of the pipe. Flow of water is promoted through the pipe towards the lower-latitude end, where an electric generator turbine (T) is driven by the flow of water.    It is more likely that a number of these generator are situated at intervals along the length of pipe. A suction dredging system discharges the water from the pipe and also any material drawn in into the pipe at its higher latitude end.    ADVANTAGE -   More efficient than hydroelectric plants and has no adverse effects on the environment.
An array of apertures is formed in an Al foil used in the fabrication of solar cells by: providing a flexible Ali foil having a thin surface oxide; embossing foil at predetermined spaced unconnected locations to provide regions of reduced thickness; etching the Al foil to remove regions of reduced thickness to provide apertures.    PROCESS - Al foil, 2 mil thick, with native oxide on its surface, is embossed with circular geometric shapes in a periodic arrangement, e.g. 16 mil centres, with the reduced thickness embossment being of slightly smaller diam. than the spheres to be disposed in them. Foil cleaned to remove organics followed by etching with hot NaOH or KOH to remove embossed regions. The embossed regions are removed prior to the remainder of the foil because of the reduced thickness, and because of the cold working of the embossment process.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Forming an array of small apertures in Al foil for receiving semiconductor spheres in the production of solar arrays. The method is economical and the array is flexible with the Al acting as a reflector.
The power station is provided with rollers (4) located one above the other between housing (2), which in lower part have through openings (5) and inner body, which can oscillate and alternately interact with the housing (2) stops. Piezo-elements (3) which can contact with rollers (4) are fitted on the body inner side and on the stops outer surface. The inner body is made as a float (6) with wedge-shaped indentations (7,8) on the upper and lower surfaces and the stop are made as wedge shaped protrusions (9,10). The latter can vertically displace w.r.t. body (2) using mechanism (11).    USE -   For wave energy conversion. Bul.9/7.3.90. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The unit has a float (1), a vertical bearing (2), two electric generators (3,4) and horizontal axle (5) which can reciprocate on the bearing and is connected to the first electric generator stator and second electric generator rotor. The bearing is kinematically connected in the lower part to the platform (6) submerged in the water and in the upper part, to the first electric generator rotor. The float can turn about the horizontal axis. The efficiency and operation reliability are increased since the unit is provided with a third electric generator (7) whose stator is fitted on the float and a second horizontal axle (8) which is perpendicular to the first axle. The second electric generator stator and the third electric generator rotor are connected to the second horizontal axle. The float can additionally turn about the second axle. The wave front turns the float (1) about axles (5,8) and generator (4) stator and generator (7) rotor begin to rotate producing electric current. Float (1) reciprocates w.r.t. bearing (2) which causes first generator (3) rotation.    USE -   For wave energy utilisation. Bul.9/7.3.90. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Organic thin film El element comprises (a) an organic fluorescent think film layer in a pair of electrode of which at least an electrode is transparent and (b) a hole conductive organic thin film layer of at least an electron acceptable organic molecular added an organic cpd. having porphyrin ring or phthalocyanine ring structure or, an electron conductive organic thin film layer of at least an electron donor organic - molecular is added to the organic cpd., is laminated at least at a side of the organic fluorescent thin film layer.    ADVANTAGE -   The EL element has fairly improved luminous characteristics and reliability. @(8pp Dwg.No.2,3/5)@
Two cones are disposed with bases coinciding and vertices oppositely oriented, one of which inserted in a cylinder exhibiting base dimensions identical to those of the cones and enclosed at the end occupied by the vertex of the inserted cone. The two cones are embodied in a monolithic transparent material, where the cylinder is embodied in magnetic material and provided with a reflecting internal surface.    The vertices of the cones provide the points from which to tap the energy generated by the apparatus. The cone located externally of the cylinder is covered with a reflecting material over the area not directly exposed to solar radiation. The cylinder is lined internally with a wafer-thin layer of aluminium or stainless steel.    ADVANTAGE -   Energy is clean and natural. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The converter comprises a frame arranged to be fixedly mounted on a carrier such as a marine vessel. A pair of horizontal rotating axles are perpendicular to each other, one of the axles are rotatably mounted on the frame to constitute a first rotating axle and the other of the axles is rotatably mounted on the first rotating axle to constitute a second rotating axle. Swinging pendulums are fixedly mounted on each of the rotating axles for rotatably driving the rotating axles under the influence of the extrinsic oscillatory motions to which the swinging pendulums are subjected.    Unidirectional rotators are mounted on each of the rotating axles and an auxiliary axle converts bidirectional rotational motions of each of the rotating axles into unidirectional rotations of the unidirectional rotating devices.    USE -   Marine, land vehicles, electricity generation. @(13pp Dwg. No.2/7)@
In the electrophotographic copying device and the optical printer having the charging, exposing, developing, transferring and cleaning processes and utilizing the amorphous silicon hydride photoreceptor drum, the paper not used in the printing, is retained or inserted between the transferring device and the photoreceptor drum, for shutting-off the transferring device and the photoreceptor drum, and then the power source is stopped.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The paper between the transferring device and the photoreceptor drum prevents the remaining material on the casing from being attached to the photoreceptor surface. The sharpness of the image is not affected by absorption of the discharged prod., and an image of high quality and sharpness can be continuously formed for long period. @(3pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
An integrated multi-source power station on the coast is based on a combination of solar and tidal power. The tidal energy (F) of the sea is used to drive a water turbine (WR) with an alternator (G) and to operate the desalination plant (MEA). Two solar cell areas (S1,S2) are utilised to produce H2, this is stored in the tank (WT). Desalinated water from the tank (S) is heated by solar laser (SL) for a high-pressure boiler (HK) to drive a turbine (T) coupled to another alternator (G).    ADVANTAGE -   This creates a self-contained plant which needs no extraneous energy. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The transportable apparatus comprises a wheel-shaped float positionable on the surface of the body of water operable by wave action. A wheel-shaped anchor positions on the bottom of the body of water for anchoring the float. A spacer is disposed between the float and the anchor for securing the float to the anchor when the apparatus is transported to a deployment site. The spacer has a release device for separating the float from the anchor upon positioning of the apparatus at the deployment site. The float is secured to the anchor when the float is separated from the anchor. A device associated with the float converts wave action energy to useful work.    ADVANTAGE -   Extracts energy from wave action which can a survive rigors of ocean service for long periods of time. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/8)@
Semiconductor device has a heteroepitaxial layer having lattice constant (c) which is different from that of the substrate. An intermediate layer between the substrate and the epitaxial layer includes at least one strain super lattice construction formed by 1st layer having lattice constant (a1), 2nd layer having lattice constant (a2), 3rd layer having lattice constant (a1) and 4th layer having lattice constant (a3). Either the lattice constant (a2) or lattice constant (a3) is larger than the lattice constant (a1), the other is smaller than the lattice constant (a1) and average lattice constant of the strain super lattice construction is nearly equal to the lattice constant (c).    ADVANTAGE -   Since average lattice constant is nearly equal to lattice constant of epitaxial layer, restriction for total thickness of strain super lattice construction can be eased. Strain super lattice having clear hetero boundary can be formed easily to provide semiconductor device having hetero epitaxial layer of low defect lattice. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/7)@
Al-nitride circuit board comprises Al-nitride ceramics as an insulating substrate, on which conductor circuitry is formed. At least the internal conductor of the conductor circuitry is formed with Au, Cu, and/or Ag, as a wiring material.    The wiring board is made by preparing a green sheet of Al-nitride, as the raw material, forming wiring patterns of at least one of Au, Cu, and Ag, as the wiring material, on the green sheet, laminating the green sheet covering the wiring patterns on the patterns, and firing.    USE -   For Al-nitride circuit boards, having low power loss, and high signal propagation speed. @(10pp Dwg.No.1,-3/3)@
Laminate comprises a moulded organic high polymer, and a transparent conductive layer of crystalline I oxide formed on the moulded polymer. The crystal grain size of the crystalline I oxide is below 0.3 micron.    The crystalline In oxide layer is pref. prepd. by forming a layer contg. In oxide, with an absorption coefft. at a wavelength of 550 nm of 1 x 10 power -3 -2 x 10 power -3 (A power -1), and a resistivity below 2 x 10 power -2 ohms cm and heat-treating the layer in the O2 atmos., so that the layer is converted to a layer contg. crystalline In oxide. The heat treatment temp. is 100-250 deg.C. The organic polymer is polyimide, polyethersulphone, polyparabanic acid, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for transparent touch panels, electroluminescence, electrophotography, antistatic materials, face heaters, solid displays, optical memories, photoelectric conversion devices, optical communication, solar energy materials, etc. The laminate has good durability and reliability. The prodn. by sputtering is efficient. @(6pp)
The lock (100) has a notched bar (30), moving between two stops, and a pivoting ratchet (10). The ratchet is symmetrical about its pivot (35), and has first (15) and second (25) pawls engaging with one of the symmetrical notches (50a,50b) in the mobile bar.    A pre-tensioned spring (20) holds the ratchet in one of two positions, until the ratchet (10) is unlocked by a force in the opposite direction.    USE -   Self-locking and self-releasing bidirectional locking mechanism for telescopes and solar generator panels, anchoring devices, screwdrivers, automatic tool dispensers, position or inverted movement detectors. @(39pp Dwg.No.3/17)@
Snow thawing alloy ring comprises Fe-Ni alloy, having 2-15 Oe coercive force (Hc), and at least 50 KG.Oe hysteresis loss (Eh10), and snow is thawed by exothermic effect caused by iron loss. The alloy ring is made by soln. treating Fe-Ni alloy at 850-1150 deg.C and ageing.    USE -   For fitting outer periphery of aerial power transmission lines for preventing deposition of snow on the lines. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
An upper solar cell (20), pref. a III-V cpd. with Ga and As, absorbs short wavelength ligth and a lower cell (10), pref. formed in a Si substrate, absorbs long wavelength litht. A buffer layer (50) provides lattice adaptation and forms an electrical tunnelling region. The feature is that this buffer material, pref. ZnSe, ahs a larger band gap than the semiconducting material used for the upper cell. The upper cell pref. consists of an upper n-type GaAs layer (21), a p-type GaAs layer (22) and an anti-reflection layer (40) and an optional window layer (60), pref. of AlxGa1-xAs with x = 0.8-0.9. The upper cell can also consist of several consecutive cells, with or without buffer layers separating them.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cells allow more efficient conversion of incident radiation by providing absorption over a larger range of wavelengths. The buffer layer has reduced absorption because of the larger band gap and low resistance because of the use of a tunnelling junction between the 2 layers.
An alkali metal vapour-permeable radiation shield (24) which may be placed between reaction zone (18) and condenser (12) in a thermoelectric generator (10) comprises a woven wire mesh screen, with the spacing between the wires being such that thermal radiation is reflected but alkali metal vapour is transmitted. Also claimed is a radiation shield as above comprising a foil with many orifices.    Further claimed is a thermoelectric generator comprising a first reaction zone contg. alkali metal (16), a second reaction zone (18) including an electrode in fluid contact with the first zone, a cationically conductive reaction zone separator, means (26) of electron flow between the zones, means to keep the first zone at a min. of 100 deg.C above the coolest part of the second, a condenser (12) for alkali vapour leaving the second, and a means (20) to return this to the first zone. Additionally a radiation shield (24) as above between the second zone and condenser includes many orifices so that much of the impinging metal vapour passes through the shield.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A microscreen radiation shield for reducing radiative heat losses in thermoelectric generators such as Na heat engines, and a generator contg. the shield are provided. The efficiency of device operation is increased and the shield does not interfere with the process. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The furnace comprises a rotor which is rotated. A cylindrical, porous, ceramic bed carried by the rotor, the bed having an axis of rotation, the bed surrounding and defining an interior combustion zone. Thermal insulation closes the opposite ends of the rotor, the ends being axially spaced apart. A housing is provided into which the rotor and bed are received, having an inlet for air to pass sidewardly through the rotating bed via one side to be preheated and then to pass into the interior zone.    A fuel inlet supplies fuel to the combustion zone to mix with air for combustion in the zone. The housing has an outlet to discharge hot combustion products which have passed sidewardly through the porous bed via another side thereof to pre-heat it for subsequent rotation into the path of air to pass through. The bed thickness is predetermined to provide regeneration at over 1,000 deg.    USE -   Regenerative - type high efficiency and high temp. gas-burning furnace. E.g. for thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity. @(23pp Dwg.No.1/17)@
The solar concentrator - radiator assembly comprises a solar reflector of the Cassegrain type having primary and secondary reflector surfaces (14) for concentrating incident solar ratio upon a thermal powered generator unit (16). The primary reflector surface is formed on one side of an array of interleaved panels (30) adapted for movement between a compact stowed profile to fit within the cargo bay of a transport vehicle and an extended deployed configuration.    The reverse sides of these panels define a space radiator of extended surface area connected to the generator unit (16) by heat transfer members such as heat pipes (34). This dissipates excess heat to the surrounding space environment.    USE -   Combined solar concentrator and radiator assembly provided in a relatively lightweight and compact geometry, particularly for use in electrical power generation systems in space. @(8pp Dwg. No.1/7)@
A stream of air bubbles is introduced into the water, which is subject to hydraulic compression as the water falls. A separation chamber located at the lower end of the vertical tube separates the compressed air from the water. An exhaust tube extends upward from the lower portion of the separation chamber with an upper opening located below the surface of the body of water. A number of orifices introduce streams of air bubbles into the exhaust tube to induce a flow of water from the separation chamber through the exhaust tube.    An air compressor initially powered by an external energy source supplies ambient air to these orifices during offpeak periods to maintain a flow of water through the apparatus to build a reservoir of compressed air in the separation chamber. A tube (12) extends from the upper portion of the separation chamber to these orifices to supply air to the orifices during periods of peak demand for electricity. A generator produces power from the resulting flow of water through the exhaust tube during these peak periods.    USE -   Energy generator able to satisfy peak periods of demand electricity. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/1)@ (Printed in week 9040
Electric power generating equipment comprises a generator (1) which is driven by an air turbine (2) through a drive shaft (3) passing through a wall (4) of a building also having a wall (5). The walls define an air duct (6) having an upper aperture (7). Surrounding this aperture is a circular cathode ray tube (8) which is - powered through a transformer.    By ionising the air, the cathode ray tube produces a a vacuum which induces a flow through the turbine. In an alternative arrangement, a housing is provided to contain the cathode ray tube with a residue tray at its base (6), and air is conducted through the turbine to the CRT via ducting. It is stated that the generator produces five times the power needed to run the appts. and that the excess power can be utilised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Domestic or industrial electricity generator. Pollution free. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The solar energy collector comprises a base (1) in the shape of a pitched roof with a front panel (2) and back panel (3). One of the panels carries a set of photoelectric cells, and may be pivoted in order to change the elevation and azimuth.    The panel includes two different orientation systems, one of which provides rotation about a vertical axis (VV'), while the other provides rotation about a horizontal axis (HH'). These are controlled to keep the panel surface perpendicular to the incident solar energy.    USE -   Adjustable solar energy collector with wind-resistant structure.
Each of the two sets of annularly arranged vanes (a,b,c,d,e,f) is provided with a counterweight carried by an arm fixed to the vane at right angles to its plane (9), with the arms of the outer and inner rings pointing in opposite directions. Several turbines stringed on the same shaft (2) are then placed at an angle (say 45 deg.) with the direction of the waves, so that each turbine receives the wave at a different time.    Each turbine is fitted with one-way free-wheel drive means (4) and rotates only when it receives a wave. The machine is installed on legs (5) standing on a float (6) submerged below the level of the waves.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhanced efficiency. @(15pp Dwg.No.3/4)@
The image (S') of a luminous object is formed on a charge transfer matrix comprising Ne rows and Nc columns of a photosensitive detector without memory (e.g. Thomson CSF TM7863) and with an output register (121) of Nc elements. The image centre is found from a weighted average of a window pcxpe pc x pe enclosing the image.    In the initial search mode the Ne rows are read in groups of n rows (m less than pc) while e columns (e less than pe) are cleared from the reader to define the brightest region m x l. In the measuring mode groups of n lines are read, then readings are line by line in the zone k (R greater than pe).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solar direction finder, or ground radar setting-up system. Improved image contrast. Faster read time. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
A transparent fabric consists of transparent fibres and a coating, which is also transparent and possesses an identical refractive index for visible light as the fibre material. The fabric is ideal for solar cells and collectors, tent roofs and solar balloons.    ADVANTAGE -   The fibres of the material are no longer perceived as such and the optical impression is one of the homogeneous film. The material is easy to process. @(2pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The unit efficiency is increased and the material volume is reduced by making the stabilising element as a piston. The unit has a floating cylinder (1) which contains a piston made as a closed chamber (11) with a positive buoyancy and a hollow shaft (6) which is attached to the water reservoir bottom bv means of a flexible connection (10). The shaft (6) below the piston and the cylinder (1) shaft part (2) are provided with supply channels with non-return valves (9,8).    USE -   The unit is used for wave energy conversion. Bul.4/ 30.1.90. @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The energy recovery unit has a spherical shell (1) with a liquid-filled flexible enclosure (5) inside. Liquid fills the space between. The inner enclosure houses a tube (3) carrying heated liquid. Passages 8,9 in the walls of both spheres allow liquid to pass to the exterior.    As liquid in the inner sphere is heated it expands, forcing liquid from the space between enclosures. Moving liquid is passed through a turbine to provide mechanical power for direct use, or for generating electricity.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Recovers energy from the expansion and contraction of a liquid, improving efficiency in heat pump installation. @(10pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Thea system recovers potential energy from cars moving slowly in traffic. It uses a rigid plate hinged on a bearing and sinking under the car weight to displace air from a flexible vessel. The air passes to a pressure equalising vessel, to which a turbine or hydraulic motor are connected.    The air flows between the flexible (13, 15) and equalising vessels (11), forcing the water also contained in the latter through the turbine etc (19, 22). The turbine is followed by water storage vessels (8, 9) supported from the hinged plate (3) on both sides of the bearing (7). Thus, when filled, they aid downwards movement of the plate and air displacement. Filling of the storage vessels is controlled by signal operated valves (17, 20).    ADVANTAGE -   Easy buffer storage of pressurised medium. @(28pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Film solar cell comprises a colourless and transparent substrate of polyimide film, a photoelectric converter element attached to one surface of substrate film and a light transmitting F-contg. resin layer having a thickness = 5-300 microns and attached to another surface of substrate film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is projected light from the substrate side to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and to reduce the optical degradation in the alpha-Si layer. The F-contg. resin layer protects the polyimide layer to enhance the reliability of cell against humidity. It is used as a built-in cell for an electronic computer or water, an external cell for radio or television or battery charger for preventing the discharge of battery. @(8pp Dwg.No.1,3/3)@
Film solar cell comprises a colourless and transparent substrate of polyimide film, a photoelectric converter element attached to one surface of substrate film and a light transmitting F-contg. resin layer having a thickness = 5-300 microns and attached to another surface of substrate film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is projected light from the substrate side to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency and to reduce the optical degradation in the alpha-Si layer. The F-contg. resin layer protects the polyimide layer to enhance the reliability of cell against humidity. It is used as a built-in cell for an electronic computer or water, an external cell for radio or television or battery charger for preventing the discharge of battery. @(8pp Dwg.No.1,3/3)@
Claimed is a lead frame comprising on the whole surface thereof, or on the surface except for the outer lead parts, a Ni-(alloy) plating layer, provided that at least the die bonding part of the Ni(alloy) plating layer comprises thereon a Ni-Sn alloy layer and further thereon a Sn-(alloy) plating layer.    The mfg. process comprises forming the Sn-(alloy) plating layer on the Ni-(alloy) layer and heating to obtain the Ni-Sn alloy layer between the plated layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improves solder bondability of semiconductor chips with Ni or the lead frame. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A dish-shaped concentrator or collector and a photovoltaic receiver are used. The concentrator includes a longitudinal axis which is oriented towards the sun for providing a cone shaped flux concentration with a circular, cross-sectional image. A photovoltaic receiver with a square surface is positioned partly within the flux concentration. The reflector assembly includes pairs of reflector elements which are positioned within marginal portions of the flux concentration that would otherwise miss the square receiver surface.    The reflector elements redirect the concentrated photons or light rays to corner portions of the receiver surface that lie outside the flux concentration image. The areas of the flux concentration image and the reflector surface may be established w.r.t. each other so that uniform flux density is achieved over the entire reflector surface.    USE -   Reflector assembly is provided for a solar energy system. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
A series of optic fibres extend from an exterior surface of the optic fibre pores to a central location within the interior cavity. An assemblage of optic fibre segments within the interior cavity is provided at the central location. An exit aperture is provided at the assemblage of optic fibre segments for the collection and concn. of the fibres.    An optic fibre clamp provides collection, gathering and holding of fixed optic fibres. An energy transmission is attached to the housing assembly. A coupling provides for the connection to the energy transmission, providing for the distribution of incident electromagnetic radiation to predetermined application.    USE -   Direct solar energy concn. and collection. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Method of tracking errors in photoconverters requires the test object (2) to be initially broken down into 'n' sections by functional sign. A multi-beam radiation source (1) then forms a system of 'm' beams illuminating the surface of the test object sections, with the output radiation of the source (1) modulated in amplitude and phase by a control unit, followed by measurement and sync. by registering photo-responses for comparison with a setting to detect any defective section.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Non-destructive testing, i.e. in mfr., and repair of solar batteries while in use. Bul.4/30.1.90. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
A premoulded package is prepd. by moulding a thermoplastic resin compsn. into a mould attached with a lead frame into a base board of premoulded package so as to expose lead wires of the lead wire frame at least portionwise on the surface to be bonded, and by bonding concurrently the cap of package and seals exposed lead wires.    The theromplastic resin has high soldering and solvent resistance e.g. aromatic polyester or aromatic polyesteramide, polyarylene sulphide, polyamide, polyether sulphone, polysulphone, polyether-imide or polyetherether ketone, opt blended. with an organic or inorganic fibrous, powdery or flaky filler.    ADVANTAGE -   The process seals the lead wires and the boundary sur-face of moulded resin to provide high adhesion of the lead frame and package.@(7pp Dwg.No.2/8)@
The surface is coated with an acrylic resin compsn. contg. an acrylic acid-adduct of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin of epoxy equiv. 350-1400, an acryl oligomer with dipentaerythritol hexacrylate, and a hardener. The dipentaerythritol hexacrylate is contained in an amt. of 10-50 wt% on the basis of the wt. of the acrylic resin compsn. exlcuding the hardener.    The pref. proportion of the bisphenol-A type epoxy resin to the acrylic acid is A/B = 1/0.9-1/1, where A is the epoxy gp. of the epoxy resin and B is the acid gp. of the acrylic acid. the acryl oligomer contg. dipentaerythritol hexacrylate includes phenoxyacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl(metha) acrylate, etc., and the hardener used includes benzyldimethylketal, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propane-1-on, etc. The pref. amt. of the UV-type hardener is 2-15 pts. wt. to 100 pts. wt. of the acrylic resin compsn.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as light-receiving elements for photodiodes, photo transistors, etc. Excellent solvent resistance and appearance. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Moulding material for sealing semiconductor is prepd. by blending an inorganic base material (1) having alkoxylated silanol radical (2) on the surface thereof with resin (3).    Pref. 1) is crystalline silica and/or silicon nitride. In the case of silicon nitride, the surface is coated with SiO2 by reacting with O2 or H2O in the air and then reacted with H2O to form silanol radical on the surface. This mechanism occurs also on the surface of crystalline silica. Alkoxylation of silanol radical is carried out by a reaction with lower alcohol at room temp. 200 deg.C for 2-200 hours. Thermal conductivity not below 150x10 power (-4) cal/cm.sec.deg.C, low content of magnetic substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Low occurance of leakage failure by decreasing magnetic component, good processability due to the low viscosity of the moulding material. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The stabiliser has an active rotor (10) coupled to an active device (1) and mounted by frictionless bearings (12,13) on the support (6) to be stabilised. A counter rotor (21) is fitted inside the active rotor, concentric with it, using frictionless magnetic or gas bearings (22,23).    A single servo motor (3) between active and counter rotors drives the rotors in opposite senses, so torque perturbations are cancelled. The speed ratio of the rotors is adjusted so the total kinetic moment is held at zero.    ADVANTAGE -   Dynamic stabiliser for satellite equipment such as rotator for antenna or solar panels, which is simplified by having one electric motor rather than two. @(9pp Dgw.No.2/3)@
The fluid flowing from the flexible containers displaced and fed in the pressure balancing containers (11;61) is air, which drives the water also found in the pressure balancing container through the turbine (19,22;43,44;74) or the hydraulic motor. The turbine or hydraulic motor are provided with reservoirs (8,9) for the water, arranged at a distance from the plate (3) and supported on this.    The hinged plate is lowered with the reservoir filled to assist the displacement of air, such that the filling of the individual reservoirs is controlled by the signal transmitters (23,24) activated by the vehicle (1) which open and close the valves (17,20) so that respectively the corresp. reservoir is filled exactly at that time in which the lowering of the plate by the vehicle is actually assisted.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Moving traffic used to obtain useful energy from potential energy. Energy can be stored and the gravitational force of water from turbine can be used. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The solar cell structure comprises a substrate of silicone and a number of cells T formed in one surface of the substrate, each cell having alternate rows of p-type and n-type regions formed in the surface. A first metal contact structure contacts all p-type regions and a second metal contact structure contacts all n-type regions. The two metal contact structures serially connect a cell with adjacent cells.    A bypass diode is formed in each cell each bypass diode comprising an n-type region contacting the first metal contact and a p-type region contacts the second metal contact. The bypass diodes are located in areas of cells not irradiated during normal operation of the cell. The two metal contact structures each contact opposite conductivity-type regions adjacent cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not require additional processing steps. @(4pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
A solar cell structure, with improved isolation between serially connected cells, comprises many cells formed in one surface of a semiconductor substrate (40), each cell having alternate rows of p- and n-regions with metal contacts (44,42) contacting all the p and all the n regions respectively and serially connecting a cell with adjacent cells. An array of shorted p-n junctions (48) between adjacent cells is in contact with and shorted by the metal contacts (42) and these junctions act as minority carrier traps between adjacent cells.    Also claimed is a solar cell structure as above with two contacts respectively contacting oppositely doped regions, the means for increasing the electrical isolation between adjacent cells comprising two multiple sets of doped regions of opposite type cooperatively formed p-n junctions between adjacent cells and means of shorting these junctions so that they act as minority carrier traps.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A monolithic series connected solar cell which uses shorted p-n junctions for electrical isolation is provided. BOth interdigitated contact cells and those using a dual metal back surface connection are provided. Electrical isolation between cells is provided both by the high resistance Si substrate and by the shorted p-n junctions. @(4pp Dwg.No.3/3)@
Appts. comprises a substrate fixing jig to support a substrate, plug attached to one end of the jig set in an ampoule, so that the plug contacts at high friction with an end face of the jig.    USE -   For avoiding slipping the jig from the plug during rotation of the ampoule. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Unit comprises a dehumidifying part comprising desiccating agent or dehumidification membrane and humidifying part comprising dehumidifying membrane. The unit has a heat exchanger directly below the desiccating agent and a fan for dehumidification above the agent and a dehumidification membrane and, dry air blow out hole. A water feed port (7) is positioned above the water side, and the fan for humidification and humidifying air blow out hole are positioned on the steam side. The air induced by the fan for dehumidifying is dehumidified instantaneously by the desiccating agent and the temp. is increased by receiving adsorption heat. Then, the temp. is lowered to room temp. by the heat exchanger and blown out as dry air into the room. For humidification, water fed from the feed water port passes through the dehumidifying membrane and forms steam. The component dissolved in the water remains at the water side. The steam produced by the membrane does not contain impurities and is released by the fan together with the air induced by the fan for humidifying into the room.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Unit produces pure steam without power, and low moisture air is obtd. @(2pp Dwg.No.0/1)
The unit has a fixing jig sealed in a ample with which the wafer holder holding wafers for epitaxial growth are held between, and the wafers are touched with the melt for epitaxial growth at the lower part of the wafers by rotating the ample to grow epitaxial crystal on the wafers while lowering the melt temp. A dividing device for the convection in the melt is provided. The device consists of a sawtooth form irregularity provided at the fixed jig. The convection occurring in the melt is divided into small parts and the solute in the melt moves along the divided melt convection and solute is carried evenly on the entire wafer body.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can reduce abnormal growth at both ends of the epitaxial layer and can make a high quality layer having a smooth surface.
Several photocells connected in series are manufactured on a transparent glass substrate (11) with rectangular shape. A number of electrodes (13a-c) are firstly obtained on the substrate on a longitudinal direction, on surfaces (12a, c) that will define the photocells. The electrodes consist of transparent conductive oxide layers and are provided with L-shaped extensions for electrical connections.    Subsequently the electrodes are covered with a semiconductor photoactive layer (14) by CVD so that a pn junction is formed. A second series of metallic electrodes (15a -c) is electrodeposited on the layer while connecting extensions (15ae-ce) cover the corresponding extensions of the first electrodes. The photocells are then interconnected by irradiation with a Nd:YAG laser or electron beam that sweeps the area where the extensions cover each other.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents contamination of semiconductor layer and electrode connections.
At the moment of lifting of a float member (1) on a wave, a counterweight (3) falls freely until its axle (4) contacts a fixed stop (5). The counterweight 3 accumulates energy during falling depending on its initial linear speed. During rotation of the counterweight through 180 degs. during lifting, the counterweight takes up a horizontal position on the other side of the axle and the sum of the energy accumulated by the counterweight during falling and the energy of the wave is transmitted through the member.    During rotation of the counterweight through 180 degs. during the next lifting of the axle with the counterweight, the energy is extracted with the counterweight in a horizontal position. The counterweight on the axle is lifted to an assigned height limited by a limter (7) on a movable support (6). Rotation of the counterweight is carried out during the period of lifting of the member on a wave, to accumulate additional energy from the wave. @(41pp Dwg.No.2/11)@
Semiconductor device has lower and upper circuits sandwiching a lower insulating layer, intermediate baked insulation layer for flattening the surface and having a higher etching rate than the lower insulating layer and upper insulating layer and connected through through-holes having upwards diverging tapers and extended to the upper surface of lower circuit.    Pref. the lower Al circuit is coated subsequently with plasma chemical vapour deposition (CVD) oxide film having a thickness of about 2000 Angstrom, baked insulating film having a thickness of about 1000 Angstrom and an etching rate of at least 10 times of that of the upper plasma CVD oxide film and then the upper plasma CVD oxide film having a thickness of about 5000 Angstrom. The intermediate baked insulating film is prepd. by coating the lower CVD oxide film with an alcoholic soln. of a cpd. of formula, SiRn(OR')4-n where R = an alkyl, aryl, etc., R' = H an alkyl, etc. and n = an integer (e.g. SiCH3(OH)3) and baking the coated film to provide a layer of formula (I).    ADVANTAGE -   The through-holes are upwards diverged and prevent the disconnection of upper circuit and have high step coverage. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Method, and system, for noncondensable gas removal and heat recovery from geothermal electric power generating plant of the type in which a primary flow stream of hot geothermal brine from prodn. wells is partially flashed to steam for turbine motive power, the method of removing the noncondensable gases from the flow stream comprising (a) diverting from the primary flow stream a secondary flow stream consisting of a combination of noncondensable gases and some steam; (b) providing a source of supply of substantially pure water; and (c) passing the pure water in heat exchange relationship to the secondary flow stream such that heat from the steam of the secondary flow stream is transferred to the pure water to boil for use as turbine motive steam, and the resulting heat loss from the steam of the secondary flow stream causes the steam of the secondary flow stream to condense and thereby become sepd. from the noncondensable gases.    ADVANTAGE -   Removal of almost all of the noncondensable gases at the high temp. end of the geothermal power generating plant means that more net energy is producable because of a drastic redn. of energy requirements for the turbine vacuum system, and because a better vacuum is drawn in the condenser system resulting in additional energy being generated in the turbine.
The compressor pumps air past the cold sides of the thermo elements, then aspirates air, which it then pumps to the other sides of the thermo elements, for discharge through a valve. The first thermo element cools air with its cold side, and the second element warms it again with its cold side which is then cooled. Thus, air is passed to the compressor which increases its pressure, so that it warms the warm sides of the thermo elements, the first thermo element warming the second element warm side when it is at a lower voltage in relation to the temp. difference than the second element.    The heat collection does not primarily cool the close environment, but takes in radiated heat which would otherwise be lost into space. Cold air from the generator is conducted upwards to a dark ceiling where it is heated as the ceiling cools, absorbing more heat radiation than it emits to the higher air layers. Solar energy is collected by a black roof close to the ceiling. @(Provisional basic advised week 90/19)@ @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0
Growth of epitaxial layer on a surface of substrate is effected by contact of melt to the substrate, which is held by a holder and a jig in an ampoule. By rotating the ampoule while lowering temp. of the melt, the ampoule is oscillated to agitate the melt before contact with the substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   Since uniform compsn. is provided by agitation, time required for keeping the melt at high temp. can be significantly reduced to suppress diffusion of Hg in the melt, so that concn. of Hg can be steeply changed in border surface between the layer and the substrate. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/9)@
Equipment comprises an upper stage and lower stage to press fit both sides of a thin plate, e.g. wafer covered with an area of the 1st surface by a protection tape, a partial-removed device peeling a part of the protective tape fixed between the stage for a predetermined distance from the peripheral sides and a peeling device peeling the protective tape completely. The pre-removal device comprises an edge (15a), cross roller table (17) having a horizontal moving cylinder (18) and bearings sliding sideways to peel off a part of the tape.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Equipment partially removes part of protective tape before removing completely after processing e.g. grinding, coating etc. @(13pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Low refractive index film is formed on a light accepting face. The low reflactive index material is formed from polymer having fluorine-contg. aliphatic ring structure. Glass or transparent plastic is used as a supporting substrate. The supporting substrate has a photoelectric transfer section. The photoselectric transfer section is exposed.    Pref. the polymer having fluorine-contg. aliphatic ring structure comprises e.g. polymer ring structure (I). Where l = 0-5; m = 0-4; n = 0-1; l+m+n = 1-6; R = F or CF3.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Applying the low refractive index material on the transparent substrate, transparent electrodes, and photoelectric transfer section reduces the reflection loss and increases conversion efficiency. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Thee solar-cell arrangement has a substrate and/or superstrate. The solar-cell arrangements without frames are installed suing brackets and include substrates and/or superstrates, whilst the brackets conduct the electricity generated by the solar-cells. The brackets can serve as an electrical contact or to receive at least one bypass-diode. The brackets can be fitted with clamping devices for wiring to conduct the current generated by the solar cells. The brackets serve to release the tensile stresses of electrical wiring. Clamping devices can be used as brackets, whilst the brackets can be connected to the solar cells using an adhesive.    The solar-cell arrangement includes solar cells (1) brackets (2, 3) which serve as electrical conductors and brackets (4) which are electrically insulated. The solar-cell and brackets (2, 3) are interconnected in such a manner that the solar-cells are arranged in parallel, whilst one bracket (2) defines the negative pole and the other brackets (3) the positive pole of the entire solar-cell arrangement. The solar-cells can be interconnected by additional wiring or directly connected using electrical conducting areas on substrates and/or superstrates.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar-cell arrangement facilitates a simple installation.
The solar generator has solar cell arrangement (1) and cables (2) for securing the latter. The cables form a network, and the solar cells are slanted at an angle of elevation (alpha) of less than 90 deg. w.r.t. the horizontal. The angle of elevation is greater than 10 deg. and less than 80 deg. or greater than 20 deg. and less than 70 deg. Cables (2) have an angle of elevation of less than 90 deg. w.r.t. the horizontal or an angle of elevation equal to that (alpha) of the solar cell arrangements (1) w.r.t. the horizontal (3). The solar cell arrangements are pressure mounted in the cable network. The solar generator can comprise solar-cell arrangements arranged in series or in parallel.    The solar generator can incorporate cables arranged in different planes, fixed at a distance from one another. The solar-cell arrangements can be suspended between these planes in such a manner, that only those solar-cell arrangements (1) an angle of elevation (alpha) with respect to the horizontal (3). Support frames (4) having the same height can be utilised in that plane. The planes in which cables (2) are arranged run parallel to the horizontal (3). The longitudinal stabilisation is attained by cables (2) between support frames (4).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The solar generator arrangements can be employed to produce electricity. @(21pp Dwg.No.6)@
A solar cell system has a frame arrangement. The frame is designed to conduct an electric current which is generated in the solar-cell system and the frame consists of an electrical conducting synthetic material or a metal. The frame is of a multi-pole design. The solar cells are directly and electrically connected to the frame by small strips, or by a substrate onto which an electrical conducting material has been applied. The solar cells can be fitted onto a substrate, the top or bottom of which being provided with an electrically conducting connection.    The frame sections (2, 3) are electrically conducting, whilst other frame sections (4) are electrically insulated from these. The other frame sections (4) can also serve as an electoral insulation. The solar-cells (1) and frame sections (2, 3) are interconnected in such a manner, that all solar-cells are arranged in parallel and that frame section (2) represents the negative pole of the entire solar-cell system and that frame section (3) forms the positive pole of the entire solar cell system. The solar-cell (1) can be interconnected by additional wiring or using electrically conducting sections on substrates and/or superstrates. The solar cells (1) can be arranged edge to edge. Small strips and electrically conducting components (5) connect the solar cells (1) electrically in series.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The solar-cell system employed to generate electricity facilitates a simple design for conducting the electric current generated by the cells.
A support plate (38) with a level face carries solar cell subgroups (40,44), each comprising one cell, covered by a transparent glass cover. Each cell has electric connection-contact regions from which electric energy can be extracted. The subgroups are in matrix form, each physically separated from adjoining subgroups by two inter-spaces (100,102). Electrically conductive connectors (42) are coupled to the contact regions to couple to the load.    A transparent electrically conductive layer covers the glass cover remote from the solar cells. A bead of electrically conductive elastomer is arranged physically in at least one of the two interspaces so as to couple together the transparent conductive layers of the adjoining solar cell sub groups. The layer may be of indium-zinc-oxide. @(13pp Dwg.No.2/7)@
NOVELTY - The present invention belongs in the field of dynamic engineering. The main characteristic of said invention is that the invented system converts the thermal energy absorbed from water, air, etc. into mechanical and electrical energy. It can be used as the power unit in various military and civil transport facilities and the motive machine in electric power system, and has the advantages of convenience in taking energy, inexhaustibility for use and no increase in atmospheric pollution.
An integrated process for electricity generation, H2 gas prodn. and MeOH prodn. from a CO2-contg. gas mixt. emerging from a geopressurised source comprises: (a) passing the gas mixt. through a turbine to generate electricity; (b) electrolysing water with the generated electricity to from H2 gas and O2 gas; and (c) reacting the H2 gas with the CO2 in the gas mixt. emerging from the turbine to form MeOH.    Also claimed are embodiments in which H2S is removed from the gas mixt. prior to step (c).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   High level utilisation of chemical and energy resources is obtd. and a hydrocarbon fuel producing process (from the MeOH) is obtd. which is self-contained in terms of raw materials and energy sources. Also, it is adaptable to geothermal wells of different compsns. and conditions. @(7pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
G1
Prepn. of titanium thin film capacitor of an organic titanium cpd. having formula (I) is coated on surface of a metal by water surface development method, and heated to form TiO2 dielectric coating film. In formula R = alkyl gp.    Pref. a titanium thin film capacitor is prepd. from monomolecular film of 2-octyl propane titanium potassium dioxide is laminated on 50mm x 50 mm x 0.5 mm size titanium plate with LB method, and heat oxidised at 850-1000 deg. C. Pref. R is 8-18C. The capacitor has permittivity of 150.0 kHz, electrostatic capacity of 0.750 micro F/sq.cm at 0.2 micron, 0.150 micro F/sq. cm at 1.0 micron and dielectric breakdown voltage of 75 V/micorn.    ADVANTAGE -   The capacitor has higher electrostatic capacity and insulation voltage. @(2pp DWg.No 0/0)@
The device comprises a framework mounted on piles and supporting a number of floats connected to arms (13) for transmitting motion due to wave action to an output shaft using ratchet devices. A wind driven rotor (35) having pivotable vanes (37) is also provided and contributes to the power output of the device. A water level sensor unit, comprising a float, is also provided and an associated mechanism enables the framework to be raised or lowered in response to changes in water level.    Gearing, couplines, bearings and shafting are used for transmitting drive through the device, for controlling the vanes of the wind driven rotor, and for adjusting the height of the framework. The device is constructed in sections.    ADVANTAGE -   Low cost, pollution free energy.
The system for generating electricity from wave power includes a container, or series of containers (1) in which the changing level of the water causes compression of the trapped air. The air is applied to a pneumatic chamber (2a) which has a weight applied to the top in order to maintain a constant pressure.    Air at the controlled pressure is then applied to a pneumatic turbine (5) which drives an electrical generator (6). The target pressure maintained in the pneumatic reservoir is determined according to the amplitude of the waves.    USE -   Electricity generation from wave energy on islands. @(41pp Dwg.No.2/10)@
The power plant includes one or more integrated unit modules (55a-c) each having a steam turbine (60a-c) responsive to the steam and producing power and heat depleted steam. A steam condenser (62a-c) associated with the steam turbine operated at a pressure not less than atmospheric pressure for condensing the heat depleted steam and vapourizing organic fluid, preferably pentane, applied to the condenser. A closed organic rankine cycle turbine (70a-c) operates on the organic working fluid for producing power. A device supplies the steam to the steam turbine in parallel to the steam turbines (60a-c) in the modules (55a-c).    A control valve (57a-c) is associated with each module (55a-c) and positioned before the steam turbine (60a-c) contained in the module for controlling gthe amount of steam supplied to the steam turbine via the steam supply device. A device (59) compresses non-condensable gases collected in the steam condenser(s) (62a-c) and vents the compressed non-condensable gases into a reinjection well.    ADVANTAGE -   Since source steam is distributed to various modules at pressure of steam source, diameter of distribution piping and size of control valves are small, thus, reducing cost.
The tether (14) is constructed of four parts. An outer cylinder (20) which is a good conductor and is electrically connected at (22) to the outer surface of the tethered object (12) and electrically connected at (24) to the surface of the space station (10) where the power is to be used. A conductive cylinder of soft magnetic material (26) which is just inside the outer cylinder is made of a high permeability metal (soft irons, etc.). The earth's magnetic field after passing through the conductor, flows through the soft magnetic material and around the third cylinder (28 and 30) rather than thruogh them. The third cylinder (28) is made of an electrical insulating material such as used in high voltage coaxial cables. This insulation is used to electrically separate the outer two cylinders from conductor (30). The inner conductor is also made of a good conducting material such as copper.    One end of centre conductor projects through the centre of tethered object and is electrically connected to the outer conducting surface of the object at (32). The other end of the conductor is connected to one side of a switch (34) within space station (16). The switch is connected to a load (36) for receiving an applied voltage and current from the tether when the switch is closed. Typically the load may be any one or more of power conditioning networks, motors, instruments, weapons and other on board devices that require power. The return path from the load is connected to the outer conducting body of the space station at multiple points.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficient source of electric power is feasible and practical using current technology. @(5pp Dgw.No.1-3/3)@
The process comprises setting a wafer in a reaction chamber, feeding a gas contg. constituent element of the semiconductor crystal into the reaction chamber to deposit the crystal on the wafer. The gas contg. the constituent element of the crystal is composed of a cpd. gas contg. aryl radical of the element, e.g. triaryl gallium (CH2=CHCH2)3 and a cpd. gas contg. another constituent element, e.g. arsine gas (AsH3) composing the crystal. 2 kinds of compound gases are fed into the reaction chamber alternatively.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Compound semiconductor crystal is adequately deposited at the low temp. e.g. 250 deg.C efficiently without deformation. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
G2
The solar energy collecting equipment includes a solar panel (12) supported on a pivoting joint attached to a support post (3). The post has an electric motor (8) attached to it to change the direction of the panel faces. The motor is coupled to the upper part of the support by belts (14/2).    The panel is held on a jointed arm, which includes a further motor (9) which operates via a belt (14/1) to tilt the panel. The panel includes heat energy collecting components (11), and photoelectric cells (12) which charge a battery (13) which is used to power the motors. A bidirectional photocell (10) is used to determine the direction of optimum solar energy.    USE -   Control of solar panel orientation. @(14pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The cooling substrate having channels for cooling media is made by applying photoresist on the surface of the substrate, drying, exposing, and developing to form the photoresist layer having a specified pattern, Au and/or Ag plating on the portions of non-photoresist layer, peeling the photoresist, followed by etching the substrate. The substrate material, is pref., Cu or Ni alloy.    USE -   For cooling substrate for electronic components, capable of making it easily, and preventing leakage of cooling media. @(5pp Dwg.No 0/4)@
In gas assist etching for ion beam irradiating work and supplying reaction gas from nozzle to the irradiated position, X-direction detecting resistance and Y-direction detecting resistance are measured on a stage on which the work is mounted. The crossing of the X and Y directions is moved to the optical axis of the ion beam by moving the stage. By monitoring change of resistances and by changing position of the nozzle, alignment of the nozzle with the optical axis of the ion beam is possible.    ADVANTAGE -   Reaction gas is introduced effectively to the optical axis of the beam to improve efficiency of etching. @(4pp Dwg.No 1/2)@
A method for converting wave power into usable energy such as electrical energy. The method uses a number of floats (12) mounted between hulls (16) with a line of air cylinders in each of the hulls. As an air cylinder traverses a wave, the float is arranged to extend the air cylinder as it rises over the wave and the weight of the structure connected to the cylinder contracts the cylinder and compresses the air in the cylinder as the wave passes. The compressed air is used to drive an air turbine or a fan which acts as a means of propulsion. The appts. uses a line of floats each connected to an air cylinder arranged between two hulls. The whole vessel is of sufficient length to extend over several waves to be stable in an average sea.    The floats are linked to the movable parts of the air cylinders by beams which pass through vertical guide slots in the inner wall of each hull. Each beam is attached to a piston rod of a cylinder and is free to swivel out of the horizontal plane when waves assume an angled or uneven aspect as they pass between the twin hulls. Stabilising plates are attached at intervals between the twin hulls. Stabilising cargo space is provided along the entire length between the hulls, with sloping parts at the bow and stern. @(21pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A system diagnosis of a laser device comprises a cartridge used for diagnosis accommodating the laser tube, power source for pulse drive mechanisms and pulse circuit, a table for detachably holding the cartridge, a measuring head arranged on the table and to which data required for diagnosis is introduced from the cartridge, a section for diagnosis of various functions of the cartridge based on the data, and a section for continuously providing diagnosis results.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in a plant where laser devices are used, partic. for conforming device function after maintenance. Diagnosis is performed rapidly and accurately. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/5)@
Member comprises Fe-Ni alloy substrate material comprising 35-55 wt% of Ni, Fe and up to 100 microns thick Fe-Ni alloy foil comprising 35-55 wt% of Ni, and bal. Fe, which are cemented through insulating layer with at least 150 deg C heat resistance, in which Beilby layer producing area at free surface of metal foil is up to 20% of total area of free surface side.    USE -   For IC lead frames with high precision, capable of making in to multi-pins, and high density packaging. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Si-oxide film is made by forming glow discharge zone in a vacuum vessel, introducing organic silane and O2 gas or nonmetal oxide gas into the vessel. The component ratio of O atoms to to Si atoms in the gas mixture of organic silane and O2 gas or nonmetal oxide gas is at least 100.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For gate insulating film or passivation film of thin film transistors made by CVD, having high dielectric strength, low hysteresis characteristics of depolarisation, and less accumulation of charges.
Si-oxide film is made by forming glow discharge zone in a vacuum vessel, introducing organic silane and O2 gas or nonmetal oxide gas into the vessel. The component ratio of O atoms to to Si atoms in the gas mixture of organic silane and O2 gas or nonmetal oxide gas is at least 100.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For gate insulating film or passivation film of thin film transistors made by CVD, having high dielectric strength, low hysteresis characteristics of depolarisation, and less accumulation of charges. @(6pp Dwg.No.3/3)@
The collector assembly includes opposing manifolds and an array of collector tubes coupled to the manifolds. Each tube comprises a central copper tube (10) disposed in an evacuated housing (12) with an elongate copper plate (14) welded to the tube. A bellows arrangement is provided to compensate for any temperature differential.    A mobile and watertight seal (16) is provided between joint pieces (10A,10B) and manifolds to allow the plates to be rotatably set in an optimum position following installation or be used in conjunction with a drive unit for solar tracking. A spring clip (24) is provided in order to prevent rotation.    ADVANTAGE -   Array can be mounted in variety of locations and orientations without reducing effective area of radiation absorbing surface. @(15pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Thermovoltaic cell comprises a first and a second metal, with a non-metal sandwiched in between, such that the first and second metals ahve a different redox reaction with the non-metal. The molecules comprise nitrous oxide.    A battery comprises a container, with a series of electrically connected cells in it, and leads connected to the cells, each cell including: 1) a first set of thin laminations of a first metal; 2) a second set of thin laminations of a second metal; 3) a non-metal portion between the first and second sets, which is sufficiently porous to allow negative valence molecules to pass through. The container is porous and contained in a thermal enclosure.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For use as a high performance battery in electric vehciles, etc. Battery is cheap, easy to mfr., and non-hazardous. @(9pp)@
An optical for directing radiant energy comprises a pyramidal prism with energy reflective side surfaces. These side surfaces diverge from an imaginary apex on a central axis equidistant from the side surfaces. Within the prism is a pyramidal reflector whose apex is also on the central axis.    The reflector has reflective side surfaces faced toward the prism side surfaces, the reflector's side surfaces diverging from the central axis at a different angle than do the prism side surfaces. One embodiment of the optical device creates several relatively concentrated, polarised energy beams from a relatively unconcentrated, unpolarised energy beam.    USE -   Military target detection, ray focussing, sample melting, X-ray concentraiton, holography, interferometry, beam splitting and polarisation, solar ray collection and optical-electrical conversion.
The generator includes a weighted load member having a circular base, a structural support having an enclosure for receiving the load member and a lever disposed at the base of the enclosure and attached to a rotatable power shaft. A device tilts the weighted load member on the edge of its circular base and rolls the load member over the lever for rotating the power shaft. The weighted load member has a frusto-conical shape with a flat upper surface. The device for tilting the load member comprises a movable weight driven about the outer perimeter of the upper surface.    A device connects the movable weight to the centre of the upper surface of the load member. The structural support has a cylindrical outer surface. The enclosure has walls which slope outward from the base of the enclosure and bearings are disposed about the enclosure walls for supporting the upper end of the load member. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The turbine device has a hollow vertical tube having an open top and a closed bottom. The vertical tube is located in a body of water with its bottom located beneath the surface of the body of water and its top lcoated above the surface of the water. A hollow turbine tube having an open top and an open bottom is sized and shaped with respect to the vertical tube is that a variable portion of the turbine tube including its open bottom is located in and is movable within the vertical tube. A float dfor raising and lowering the turbine tube with respect to the vertical tube in response to wave motion is attached near the top of the turbine tube. Raising and lowering of the float in response to wave motion raises and lowers the turbine tube in the vertical tube. A liquid is contained in and is displaceable between the vertical tube and the lower portion of the turbine tube.    A turbine which can be rotated in response to relative movement with respect to a fluid is located in and connected to the turbine tube in a position below the level of the liquid in the turbine tube. The turbine is moved through the liquid to rotate the turbine in response to movement of the turbine tube with respect to the vertical tube. @(12pp Dwg.No. 1/7)@
Film is formed by sputtering with a wafer surface facing a target. The wafer surface is inclined and moved three-dimensionally about a point on an axis of a centre line perpendicular to the target surface.    USE -   High reliability electrodes, wiring films, etc., are formed. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a semiconductor device, a semiconductor element such as transistor, IC, etc., is sealed using an epoxy resin compsn. contg. an epoxy resin (A) other than novolak having at least three epoxy groups per molecule, a phenol resin (B) other than novolak having at least three phenyl gps. per molecule, a brominated epoxy resin (C) having an epoxy equivalent of 420 or more, and a hydrotalcite cpd. (D) of the formula MgxAly(OH)2x+2y-2z(CO3)z. m2O (where x,y, and z are in the relationship y/x = 0-1 z/y = 0-0.15 and m is an integer).    Pref. any one of the components (A) and (B) is reacted with an organopolysiloxane of the formula (I) where R is a monovalent organic group differently or coincidently but at least two of Rs are selected from amino group-substituted organic groups, epoxy gp.-substd. gps., hydroxyl gp.-substd. groups, vinyl gp.-substd. grps., mercapto gp.-substd. groups, and carboxyl gp.-substd. gps. and m is 0-500). The prefd. amt. of the component D is 0.1-5% on the basis of the wts. of the components (A), (B), and (C). The epoxy resin compsn. may contain other additives such as a hardening accelerator, a releasing agent, a colourant, a silane coupling agent, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The semiconductor device is used in the fields of automobile, etc., has excellent heat resistance or good high-temp. storage reliability in particular. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The electricity generating system fills one of a pair of linked containers (18a, b: 18c, d) with water from a catchment area (20) at a location on an upland site. The full container is moved under the force of gravity from that location to a second lower, location whilst pulling the second, empty container (18b) from the second location up the the first location.    The containers are pulled by cables (22a, b) which engage pulley wheels (14a, b) rotation of which may be used to operate a dynamo arrangement (26).    ADVANTAGE -   Operates from minimal constant water supply. @(24pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
A number of thermoelectric modules (16) is positioned to a specific pattern and soldered. Wires (5,7) in parallel are set with alternate positions defined by pins (2,3) used for spreading. The modules are distributed on a net base. @(Dwg.No.1)@
A solar energy system for converting solar energy to another form of energy usually electricity. The system uses a long body with a fresnel lens the outer surface of which is smooth, the inner surface having a number of facets. The sides of the body are reflective and the edges of the body and lens are angled together. The free edges of the body are spaced apart to form an open side opposite the lens. The open side is closed with a heat sink with the energy conversion means mounted on the heat sink. A reflective secondary concentrator lens in the open side focuses the solar energy onto the energy convertor, which is usually a pair of photovoltaic cells mounted in a V information.    One of the pair of cells responds to part of the wavelength of the light and reflects the remaining wavelength onto the other cell. The walls of the unit have a number of light concentrators and light pipe means whilst the bottom inner edge margin is transparent, and the bottom outer edge margin is angled with respect to the inner edge with a reflective surface to direct light onto the photovoltaic cell. The unit can be rotated to follow the sun. A number of units would be interspaced with V shaped photovoltage cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Cheap high efficiency system.
The unit has a solar pond (8) with light permeable guard (9), drinking water preparation system (14). The liq. low b.pt. body is supplied by pump (1) to evaporator (2) where it boils due to the heat from the solar pond (8). The vapour then expands in the turbine (3) and then is condensed and supplied to evaporator and the heat is removed by the sea water. A vapour space is formed between the solar pond surface and the guard where pipelines (1) with condensate collectors (11,12) are situated.    USE -   The power unit is used for electricity production using solar and sea power. Bul.27/23.7.89. @(3pp Dwg.no.1/1)@
Process makes an ingot consisting of silicon monocrystal and cuts the ingot in the direction intersecting the axis to make wafers and carries out predetermined treatment on the main surface of the wafer to make the semiconductor device. On making the ingot or after making the wafer, oxygen concn. between lattices of the ingot peripheral surface surface layer or wafer peripheral surface surface layer is made so oxygen pptn. hardly occurs in the heat treatment process. The concn. is approximately 8 x 10 power 17 atoms/cm2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   No oxygen pptn. occurs on heat treatment. Yield ratio is improved. @(11pp Dwg.No.1-4/10)
The satellite control method comprises the steps of determining the magnitude and direction of undesired torque applied to the satellite. A compensating torque is applied to the satellite to compensate for the effects of the undesired torque on the satellite by simultaneously rotating the 2 solar collection panels in a direction about the common axis from the normal sun tracking position to two compensating positions angularly offset from the normal sun tracking position.    The panels are rotated at the same rate and the roll and pitch of the satellite produced by the undesired torque is detected.
Filtering waste liq. for grinder comprises filtering the liq. into a sludge, using a main filter and liq., mixing the sludge with a part of the liq. by back washing the main filter, and feeding the mixed sludge to a dewatering filter.    USE -   For metal machining facilties. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/3)
The panel includes a support having a generally planar surface and a number of solar cell subassemblies mounted on the surface, each of the subassemblies having a solar cell covered by a transparent coverglass. Each of the solar cells includes electrical interconnection contact regions by which electrical energy may be extracted. The subassemblies are arrayed on the support surface. Such that these are physically spaced from each other to define the mutually transverse gaps. An electrically conductive interconnection device is coupled to the contact regions of the solar cells for interconnection of the cells with a load to be powered.    A transparent conductive coating covers those surfaces of the cover glasses which are remote from the solar cells. A bead of conductive elastomer is physically located in at least one of the two gaps for interconnecting the coatings of the adjacent subassemblies.    ADVANTAGE -   Permits instruments sensitive to fields to be used.
A body member has an axial passageway for coaxially receiving a first rotatable optical fibre member and a second; abutting and coaxial, optical fibre. The passageway defines a cylindrical first enlargement near a first end of the body member and a conical second enlargement axially adjacent the first enlargement.    A lubricated rotatable bearing member disposed within the enlargements has a central bore for receiving the first optical fibre . An axial recess in the second end of the body member receives an axially resilient spring for holding the second optical fibre in axial alignment with the first optical fibre.    USE -   In solar voltaic array power systems, satellite. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/4)@
Method and apparatus for accelerating the aging of polymers in order to determine their suitability for long term use, operates by heating a polymer at elevated temp. in the outdoors until a change of property is induced. The device comprises a thermal platen assembly (15) such as an aluminium sheet (26), faced with a S.S sheet (28), and backed with silicon heaters (38). The assembly is mounted in a caulked wooden frame which is hinged to a base so that it can be angled to face the sun. Test strips of polymer are clamped to the face. A controller controls the temp., and a timer or light-activated switch switches the heaters on only during daylight hours.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For solar cell array polymer encapsulant. The method is based on the discovery that heat is the accelerator but not the initiator of photothermal degradation. Aging is therefore accomplished by the addition of heat to natural sunlight which is much more spectrally consistent than artificial sources. The only accelerating stress is temp. The other environmental conditions are present in their natural occurrence. @(10pp Dwg.No.4/6)@
The hot geothermal brine is flashed to steam in flash crystalliser vessels. Each receives the hot geothermal brine flow stream in its lower portion and has a baffle tray system in its upper portion through which the flashed steam passes.    The baffle tray system provides a sinuous path for the flashed steam which produces a series of centripetal accelerations of the steam s to centrifugally separate the entrained materials from the steam onto surface portions of the baffle tray system and wall portions of the upper portion of the flash crystalliser vessel. These separated entrained materials are flowed back down into the brine flow stream in the lower portion of the flash crystalliser vessel.    USE -   Geothermal electric power generating plant of the type where a flow steram of hot geothermal brine is partially flashed to steam for turbine motive power. Entrained brine droplets and particulates are removed from the flashed steam to protect turbine components from being fouled and damaged and also to protect flash vessel demisters from being clogged and corroded. @(28pp Dwg.No.1/23)@
The wave pump consists of a float (1) with a central aperture, containing a vertical tube (2) with a non-return valve (3), and a chamber (4) at the top of the tube. The tube is equipped with plates (5) and the float with stops (6,7). The plates are pivoted to the tube's outer surface, beneath the float, while the chamber is open at the base and able to move vertically, and is connected to the plates by pivoted rods (8).    Under the effect of waves the float and tube perform vertical oscillations. When the tube moves down, the water enters the chamber (4) through the non-return valve (3), and the chamber increases in volume by rising on the plates and rods. When the tube moves up again, the chamber moves down, and the water flows out of it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For lifting depth waters to the surface in hydro-power engineering. Increases productivity. Bul. 36./30.9.89 @(2pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Process comprises shifting the lead frames sent in order between the conveyor belt which circulates with masks for pass holes and pattern holes, and pressing belt for fitting sealing materials, stopping both belts temporarily when the liq. pass holes and pattern holes of the conveyor belt and plating liq. ejection holes of the receiving component are matched, pressing the pressing belt to the lead frame side using device to adhere plating partially on the lead frame, shifting both belts simultaneously and sepg. lead frame from the belts to next process.    The device has the lead frame conveyor belt and pressing belt moving synchronously with the lead frame conveyer contacting together, and masks are placed at the peripheral part matching the pass holes and pattern holes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device can shorten handling time and plating time significantly and can improve prodn. efficiency by the simple conveying system and parts arrangement. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Process comprises shifting the lead frames sent in order between the conveyor belt which circulates with masks for pass holes and pattern holes, and pressing belt for fitting sealing materials, stopping both belts temporarily when the liq. pass holes and pattern holes of the conveyor belt and plating liq. ejection holes of the receiving component are matched, pressing the pressing belt to the lead frame side using device to adhere plating partially on the lead frame, shifting both belts simultaneously and sepg. lead frame from the belts to next process.    The device has the lead frame conveyor belt and pressing belt moving synchronously with the lead frame conveyer contacting together, and masks are placed at the peripheral part matching the pass holes and pattern holes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The device can shorten handling time and plating time significantly and can improve prodn. efficiency by the simple conveying system and parts arrangement. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Process comprises growing dissimilar crystal films having different lattice constants from that of the base plate on the plate. Amorphous film is grown by heating the base plate at low temp. on a crucible evaporating material gas. The seconq process comprises growing amorphous film by heating the base plate at high temp. on crucible, and the thrid process comprising grow crystal film by heating the base plate at high temp. on the crucible, and the thrid process comprises growing crystal film on the ous crystal film by lamination, by heating the plate at the predeteermined growing temp. on the crucible evaporating the material gas.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process controls the temp. of the crucible so that the film growing speed and reevaporation speed are balanced in the second process and heats the base plate at high temp. to convert the amorphous film to the crystal film, which prevents disappearing of the film due to re-evaporation or changes in compsn. and good quality crystal film can be obtd.
The solar cell current supply system uses a number of solar cells which are attached to the inside face of a lamp shade enclosing an electric light, or the inside face of the combustion chamber in a gas or oil-fired burner.    The current obtained from the solar cells can be used to operate on i.c. engine or electrical appts., e.g. a radio or computer. Alternatively, the current can be used to charge a storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Utilises existing light output to generate free current. @(3pp Dwg.No. 2/2)@
Two buoyant members are rigidly connected together at the ends by buoyant beams which are provided with a pivot member. The latter carries reaction arms at 90 degrees to the beams, but are free to oscillate about the axle of the member.    The arms are disposed so that the longer length of the arm is submerged in the fluid, and the shorter arm is above the beams. Interposed between the shorter length of the arm and the beam is a piston pump to convert the relative movement between the members into useful energy. The longer part of the arm submerged in the fluid is anchored.    ADVANTAGE -   Utilises lifting forces exerted by wave on buoyant member as well as impact forces.
A generating unit consists of a housing (1) containing an energy converter and electrical generator and elastic chambers (3) which are located round the perimeter of the housing's side wall and connected to an energy converter. The housing side wall is conical in shape and tapers downwards and the elastic chambers are fluid-filled. The energy converter is in the form of hydraulic cylinders with spring-loaded pistons and toothed rods and with their piston chambers connected to the elastic chambers by tubes. The toothed rods interact with ratchet wheels, which have torsion springs and are connected to the shaft of the generator.    In addition, each of the tubes is equipped with a variable volume chamber.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased power capacity. Bul.22/15.6.89.
A solar battery is prepd. by forming a substrate sheet or film of colourless and transparent polyimide on a heat-resistant supporter, providing a photoelectric converter element for converting optical energy to electrical energy and releasing the supporter from the substrate sheet mounted with the photoelectric element.    The polyimide is prepd. by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of formula (I): where R1 = (a)-(d) and an aromatic diamine of formula H2N-R2-NH2 (II): where R2 is a monocyclic to tetracyclic component when R2 is coupled with the N at the m-position or a bicyclic to tetracyclic component contg. perfluoro gp. when R2 is coupled with the N at the m- or p-position. The tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is e.g. 3,',4,4'- or 2,3,3',4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulphone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane dianhydride dianhydride. The aromatic monocyclic diamine is e.g. m-phenylene diamine, m-tolylene diamine, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The battery is of light wt. and compacted and has a controlled light deterioration to improve the conversion efficiency and the reliability. It is used as electrical sources for portable electronic devices.
A method of converting cosmic radiation into electricity and of suppressing gravity for space craft and rocket propulsion employs metallic pyramidal external structures with flat tops. The tops receive gamma rays while the sides receive the rest of the radiation, the two fluxes meeting at one-third of the pyramid height on the tip of a square semiconductor bar which converts the radiation into electricity and emf..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method can be used to operate all flying, road, rail and sea-going craft and power stations. It allows electricity and emf. prodn. directly from a free and unlimited supply of energy. and, in the case of space craft and rockets, eliminates gravity for easy attainment of escape velocity.
The improved hydrodesulfurisation catalyst is partic suitable for the treatment of hydrocarbon fluids having a low sulphur content ie less than or equal to about 50 ppm. It comprises a catalytically active noble metal dispersed in a thin layer on the surface of an inert support having a high specific surface area. the catalyst compsn may include a hydrogen sulphide absorbent which enhances activity and pref comprises alternating layers of the dispersed noble metal and the absorbent. The catalyst is held as a particulate bed in a container eg a stainless steel tubular shell having an inlet and outlet to permit the flow of the hydrocarbon fluid.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst accelerates the hydrogenolysis of sulphur contg cpds without requiring presulfiding. It is not deactivated by exposure to low sulphur content hydrocarbon fluids and does not become a hazardous cpd. More compact appts can be used together with a simplified process for the desulphurisation of feedstocks which may then be fed eg to steam reformer and shift converter processes for the prodn of hydrogen for fuel cell power plants.
The opto-electrical-magnetic lens effect may be varied externally.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Increases efficiency of solar cells. For domestic solar electric systems, pocket calculators as well as for the power supply of space stations.
The solar power system includes a solar concentrator and a power conversion unit for converting direct solar energy from the concentrator to electrical energy to power appropriate loads. The power conversion unit operates through the medium of a working fluid, such as a turbo-generator. An integrated combustor/heat exchanger is coupled to the power conversion unit for heating the working fluid periods of solar eclipse and giving off a water combustion product in the form of water vapour.    An electrolyser receives the water combustion product and regenerates the product to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen. The electrolyser is coupled to the power conversion unit as to be powered it during the periods of excess electrical energy. The regenerated hydrogen and oxygen is used in the integrated combustor/heat exchanger during periods of solar eclipse.    USE -   Solar power system which continues to provide power during periods of solar eclipse, e.g. for a satellite or space station.
Fluorescent solar energy collector comprises transparent plastic board of polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, and fluorescent layer which is formed on the surface of transparent plastic board by thermal transfer or pressure transfer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   This solar energy collector is suitable for collecting device of (in)direct rays of the sun, esp. solar cell. It is possible to form fluorescent layer easily, has high efficiency in collecting the sun rays by transfer method.
A mirror tracking system is controlled by an electronic analyser using a time pulse sensor, a coordinate convertor and light density sensors.
A lens extending across the mouth of a bowl-like reflector and around its central axis causes rays entering the lens at an angle to the axis on the side of the lens closest to the energy source to refract and pass directly from the lens to the absorber and causes other similarly angled rays entering and departing the lens on the other side of the axis to refract in an upward direction as they pass to the reflector and then to the absorber, i.e., upward as compared to the extended traces of the incident rays.    The reflector and an absorber within it, both shaped and spatially related to cooperate with the lens, capture major proportions of refracted radiation as the angle of incidence changes, thus minimising energy losses that could otherwise occur through re-reflection of rays from the reflector and out through the lens. Absorber-reflector-lens combinations, including polygonal, segmented reflector walls, sectored lenses and lenses with bi-directionally divergent prismatic elements emit rays from the lenses to the reflectors and absorbers with both vertical and horizontal refraction vectors which can assist in reducing re-reflection energy losses and in spreading incident rays across the available surface areas of the absorbers.    ADVANTAGE -   Cheap, maintain efficiency as incidence of radiation varies.
The solar energy collector comprises a light funnel trough including a pair of light reflecting surfaces extending from an apex line at an oblique angle. A two dimensional Fresnel lens covers the opening of the trough at the diverging end, a photovolaric panel being disposed adjacent to the apex line.    Dual sided light reflecting sheets or panels are disposed radially between the two light reflecting surfaces, a transparent partition disposed parallel to the apex line being between the Fresnel lens and the photovoltaic panel. Solar energy entering the collector is collected in the form of electricity by the photovoltaic panel and in the form of thermal energy by the fluid circulated through the space between the transparent partition and the photovoltaic panel.
The formation method comprises the steps of fabricating a number of spaced-apart front electrodes on a substrate and fabricating a thin film of semiconductor material on the front electrodes. A thin film of metal is fabricated on the semiconductor film. The metal film is scribed along a pattern of first lines with a laser operated at a first power density sufficient to melt the metal through the underlying semiconductor film and form electrical connections between the metal film and the front electrodes along the first lines.    The semiconductor film is scribed along a pattern of second lines with a laser operated at a second power density sufficient to ablate the semiconductor material along the second lines. The second lines is parallel to and adjacent the first lines. The ablation of the semiconductor material producing gases that structurally weaken and burst through the metal film overlying the semiconductor material along the second lines to form gaps separating the metal film into a number of back electrodes.    .
The geothermal water from a well is directed in a gas separator (2). The separated gases are fed to a combustion chamber (13), while the water is directed to expanders (7,8) via a sludge remover (6). The vapour of secondary boiling passes from expanders into a turbine (14) for rotating electrical generator (15). The secondary boiling vapour of a low pressure passes via a device (18) for flushing the vapour in an alkaline solution to remove the carbon dioxide gas. Then the vapour is overheated in a vapour generator (19) by the heat of combustion product of combustion chamber (13) and is fed to a turbine (14). The water from expanders and condensate of worn vapour are fed into hole (11) by pumps (12,17).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In geothermal electric power plant. Improved reliability. Bul.31/23.8.89.
A glow dischargee method of fabricating doped microcrystalline semiconductor alloy, which includes a band gap-widening element, comprises providing a substrate in an evacuated deposition chamber, adding a precursor mixt. of semiconductor-, dopant-, and band gap-widening element-contg. gases, plus diluent gas, and subjecting it to an a.c. glow discharge in the absence of a magnetic field strong enough to induce e.c.r.    The above is thus deposited as a random network of low conductivity surrounding highly ordered crystalline inclusions of sufficient vol. fraction to give a low resistance current path, so that the alloy has a dark electrical conduction of at least 0.5 ohm-1cm-1, and a band gap of at least 1.9V.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A simple process for depositing n- or p- microcrystalline semiconductor alloys contg. band gap-widening elements is provided, as is the first n-type wide band gap material. The method is suitable for p-i-n photovoltaic devices (fig.) with synergistic improvement in operational performance.
The motor causes a rotatable shaft supported on a base and situated parallel to the earth's axis of rotation to be rotated. A U-member is connected to the rotatable shaft and to a frame upon which there is mounted a solar panel or collector. A bracket is connected to each of the two U-member legs and to the frame. Two reinforcing walls are connected to the U-member legs and the U-member middle portion so as to reinforce and retain the U-member shape.    By selectively rotating the rotatable shaft, the solar panel or collector is pivoted in a perpendicular position to the sun throughout the day. In another mounting assembly, the frame is connected to a first plate having a pivot hole and a number of equidistant angle displacement holes. A second plate is connected to the base and has a pivot hole and an angle displacement hole. A pivot shaft is received through the pivot holes thereby allowing the frame to pivot.    USE -   Solar tracking control system which selectively energises and deenergises a motor.
Solar cell device, in which a series of solar cell elements is connected by interconnects, comprises a metal film between the electrodes of the elements and the interconnectors. The welding area between the metal film and the electrode is larger than the welding area between the metal film and the interconnector. Pref. the metal film is Ag or Au; It is at least 5 microns thick and (10-50 microns thick). The electrodes of the solar cell elements are made of Ti/Pd/Ag. The ratio of the welding area between the metal film and the electrode to the welding area between the metal film and the interconnector is about 3:1.    ADVANTAGE -   Strong and stable welding intensity is obtd. between the solar cell element and the interconnector, which gives a highly reliable solar cell.
Cells (10) at the focus of a solar energy concentrator are annealed in space by increasing the flux density and decreasing the effective area of the focus (23) to cause increased localised heating in the effective area which rejuvenates cell electrical characteristics. The effective area is moved across the cells to treat successive areas.    Density and area are pref. changed by varying the radius of curvature of the concentrator or by the changing the distance between cells and concentrator. The area is pref. moved by changing the optical alignment of the concentrator w.r.t. the sun. The appts. is claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Partic. for use in low earth orbit, extends efficient service life.
One end of the base is fixed to the ground, and the other end is attached to the azimuth and elevation drive mechanism. The moving structure is rotatably attached to the azimuth and elevation gears for free gimboling movement. The moving structure is a rectangular frame supporting energy collecting elements.    Attached to the leading edge of the moving structure frame is the first spoiler or pair of spoilers if the frame is of the split unit design. The leading spoiler is attached across each leading edge of the moving structure frame such that the centre plane of the frame intercepts the midpoint of the widthwise dimension of the first spoiler. Attached to the trailing edge of the frame or to each unit of the moving structure frame if split units are used, is the second spoiler.
Substrate for use in a photovoltaic cell comprising a polymeric web having first and second major surfaces sealed with a barrier layer such that sorption of atmospheric contaminats by the web is prevented and the web is substantially gas free.    Polymeric web is a polyimide web and it is processed to drive out moisture prior to the web being sealed.    Amorphous silicon device inc the substrate and an electrically conductive layer deposited on the barrier layer and an amorphous silicon layer deposited on the electrically conductive layer.    Light transmissive, electrically conductive layer is deposited over the amorphous silicon layer to form a photovoltaic cell.    USE -   As solar cell. (First major country equivalent to J02007575-A)
The network of flexible pipes comprises an interconnecting set of high pressure ducts (10) and an interconnecting set of low pressure ducts (11), is moored at sea. The high and low pressure ducts lead respectively into and out of an air turbine (12). Hollow boxes (16) constructed of rigid material on the sides and top and a flexible membrane (18) at the bottom are mounted on the pipe network and each is connected into the high and low pressure ducts of the network.    When a wave passes over a box, the air inside the box is compressed and fed through the high pressure ducts to the air turbine for the generation of useable power. When the trough of the wave occurs, the box emerges into the atmosphere and refills with air from the low pressure side of the air turbine.    ADVANTAGE -   Rugged.
The propulsion and guidance unit uses a propellor (1) fitted to the tapered front end (2) of the missile and driven by the wind force to operate as AC generator (3). The latter provides electrical energy for a pump supplying the liquid fuel to the rocket motor (24).    The fuel tank (12) and the rocket motor (24) are strapped beneath the missile (A), together with associated electrohydraulic control valves and a pivot mechanism for the rocket motor (24) allowing the missile (A) to be steered.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased range and target accuracy.
The receiving chamber, which interacts with the tidal waves, is connected through pressure valve (1) to the hydroaccumulator (2) and has suction and pressure valves (12,13) and is placed between bodies (4,5) submerged under the water level and is made as bellows (14). The bodies (4,5) have suction and pressure valves (6,7) and (8,9) and double position taps (10,11). The bodies are connected to the water reservoir through valves (6,7) and to hydro-accumulator (2) through valves (8,9) and to each other through taps (10,11). Valves (12,13) are also connected to taps (10,11). Catches (15) are placed between bodies (4,5) walls and bellows (14).    USE -   For wave energy conversion. Bul.16/30.4.89.
Vertical baffles (2) are placed in partially liq. filled floating body (1) forming sections and are connected to each other in the body central part. The baffles on the body base side at their connection point to each other have slots (4) and their upper edges above the liq. level have openings (3).    Energy transformer is placed in the slots (4) zone and is made as a rotor (5). In wavy conditions the liq. flows from section to section through slots (4) thus causing single direction rotor movement.    USE -   For wave energy conversion. Bul.16/30.4.89.
The detector has a base (1) with light sensors (3) fitted on side sloping surfaces (2). An opaque semi-cylindrical body (4) with end lids is fitted on the base and has diaphragm slot. The slot is perpendicular to the body generating line orientated along the faces. The detector vision angle can exceed plus or minus 90 deg. and is protected from dust and interference by body (4).    USE -   For solar power plant orientation. Bul.15/23.4.89.
The amorphous solar cell is provided having a junction structure of a p layer, an i layer and n layer where an electromotive force is generated when the cell is irradiated by light.    The amorphous solar cell includes an upper cell and a lower cell which each have an i layer.    The upper and lower cells are stacked so that the upper cell is located on the light incident side. An output end of the upper cell and an output end of the lower cell are connected in parallel.    The thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 300 angstroms or less.    Because the thickness of the i layer of the lower cell is 3000 angstroms or less, the amorphous solar cell has a high initial photoelectric conversion efficiency and properties which are unlikely to be degraded by light.    ADVANTAGE -   High photoelectric conversion efficiency and reduced light degradation.    (First major country equivalent to J02000378)
A flexible support substrate for a photovoltaic solar generator is made by placing a Kapton film (RTM polyimide film) on a heatable laminating table; coating the film with an adhesive; applying an adhesion-promoting layer; applying a layer of glass fabric and impregnating the glass fabric with a silicone adhesive; before the silicone adhesive has hardened, applying a tear-off fabric layer; hardening the composite of Kapton film, glass fabric and tear-off fabric under vacuum; and before bonding the solar cells onto the flexible support, removing the tear-off fabric layer so as to provide an opened up structured silicone surface for bonding the solar cells onto.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process provides a simple means for a support substrate bearing a cured silicone surface onto which an array of interconnected solar cells can be bonded to provide a solar generator which can be rolled up prior to use. Pref. the solar cells are bonded to the support with a silicone adhesive to provide a flexible solar generator with high strength and resistance to atomic oxygen. The solar generators are resistant to conditions encountered in space travel (eg -180 to +100 deg C, 10-12 Torr) and are esp. useful for orbiting spacecraft where atomic oxygen may be present.
The pumping apparatus includes one float and a primary pump, such as a piston pump, connectable to the float for pumping fluid as the float rises with rising wave action. A secondary pump, such as a piston pump is connectable to the float and is connectable to a fluid container extending above the pumping apparatus. One anchor is connectable to either the primary pump or the secondary pump for anchoring the primary pump and the secondary pump relative to the float.    The primary pump is moved from a reloaded position to a discharged position as the float rises the rising wave action in order to pump fluid. The secondary pump pumps fluid into the fluid container as the float rises with rising wave action. The fluid pumped into the fluid container exerts a reloading pressure on the secondary pump in opposition to the buoyancy of the float which moves the secondary pump from an extended position to a retracted position as the float falls with falling wave action.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates inefficiencies and destructive forces present when weighted float or pumping apparatus is not in proper alignment.
The structure includes an anchored stator SRC surrounded by a rotatable ring of buoyant wings (SSW,SHW,WW,DSW,DBW,BFW, BW). Water flow acting upon the wings causes the ring to rotate thereby generating power. The structure is stated to function as a city and is serviced by floating roads NFR, SFR.    Each road is provided with breakwaters and wave power generators. The roads and structure can be used to span a stretch of water.    ADVANTAGE -   Nearly all available kinetic energy of water-flow is converted into water without causing environmental degradations.
The driven wheel rotates rollers (2), one of which is coupled to an electrical generator (3) or to a machine. The driven wheel makes friction contact with the two rollers and sits between and on the rollers. The generator can be disengaged from the rollers.    A rubber buffer absorbs imbalance in the transmission link. The rollers have textured surfaces for grip and are mounted in a secure frame that a ramp(s) up which the vehicle reverses. The arrangement serves only one drive wheel. The other driven wheel may sit on plain rollers with no generator attached.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Can be set up anywhere to provide electrical or mechanical power. Parts can be separately transported, e.g., boot of car.
Radiation gathering reflector (10) is made using a mandrel (20) which has a pair of equatorially engaging, opposing surfaces of revolution (32, 34), each having a shape corresponding to a predetermined inner reflector surface shape. Impregnated fibrous material (54) is polar wound onto the mandrel and allowed to harden to form a composite of matrix impregnated fibres including two integrally connected reflector support members corresponding to the pair of opposing surfaces of revolution respectively, the thickness of each member being smallest at the equator and uniformly increasing in a direction away from it. An equatorial cut is made in the composite after hardening to separate the support members from each other and from the mandrel and a reflective surface is formed on the inner surface of at least one of them for gathering radiation.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Parabolic dish for solar power concentrator and microwave antenna. Method enables a radiation gathering reflector to be mfd. which is dimensionally stable but lightweight at low cost and with minimum waste. The reflector is rugged and reliable and easily repairable but a minimum amount of material is used to provide the necessary strength. The method of mfr. is not labour intensive and lends itself to automated techniques.
A Stirling engine includes a heater device for collecting solar radiation energy, a heater tube disposed in the heater device and connecting the expansion space and the compression space of cylinder containing a piston, and a transparent partition located in the heater device for defining a closed space. A heat storage material is positioned in the closed space and a temperature detecting apparatus is provided for detecting the temperature of the heat storage material.    A pressure regulating arrangement regulates the pressure of a working gas in a working space located between the expansion space and the compression space of the cylinder. A control device controls the pressure regulating arrangement in response to a signal from the temperature detecting apparatus.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For electricity generation. Stablee or constant output can be obtained.
Solar cells (8) are provided as an alternative or as supplementary to the chargeable voltage source (7) which supplies power across a control and regulating unit (6) direct to the control unit (4) and/or for the charging of the voltage source (7), delivered to this or only the control and regulating unit. The output of the control unit (4) is connected to an indicating unit (5) e.g. a LCD for indicating the measured wt.    The solar cells are integrated at the wt. reception body (2) and/or at the base (1).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Energy supply for wt. scales, esp. electronic scales, e.g. bathroom, postal, kitchen, household, shop. Works independent of mains, with working life of component increased. Can be operated in unfavourable level of light.
The bladed water wheel (1) is placed outside cone (2).    The reversing hydroturbine (3) blades (5), which has a vertical shaft, are placed in the cone (2) inter wall space at its apex. A multiplicator (6) and electro-generator (7), connected to shaft (4), are placed inside cone (2). The hydro-turbine (3) centrifugal regulator (8) is fitted on shaft (4) and is kinematically connected to the water wheel (1) blades. The wind wheel (9), hydro-turbine (3) and wheel (1) have a common rotation axle. The blades take up the energy from the oscillating column of water in the cone.    USE -   The wind power unit is used for utilisation of wind, wave and flowing medium energy. Bul.15/23.4.89.
The inertia element with ratchet wheel (2) can rotate and reciprocate. Shaft (4) is passed through the wheel (2) central opening (3) and is kinematically connected to electricity generator (5) placed in body (1). The inertia element is made as a float (7) with outer profiled protrusions (8) and shaft (4) in the float displacement zone has a plate spiral section (9) which contacts the wheel (2) rollers. The unit also has a linear electricity generator placed in body (1) and its armature winding is placed in the shaft (4) section (9) and its induction element is placed inside the float (7). Body (1) is placed under the float and is gas tight.    USE -   The unit is used for wave energy conversion. Bul.15/ 23.4.89.
A horizontal shaft (1) is driven by an electric motor (5) via a 'variator' (15) and a 'free-running' friction clutch (4). Mounted on the shaft (1) are two flywheels (2,3). Each flywheel carries two diametrically opposed weights of 350 Kg (2A, 2B, 3A, 3B). Also mounted on the shaft (1) is a pulley (6), linked by a V belt (7) to a second pulley (8). The second pulley (8) drives a shaft (11) which, in turn, drives an electric generator (14) via a reduction gearbox (12) and gearbox output shaft (13).    Mains electric power is applied to the motor which starts to turn the flywheels. The combination of centrifugal force and gravity should cause an acceleration in the rotation speed such that, after a period, the power supplied by the generator (14) will be sufficient to replace the mains input power to the motor (5) and supply excess power for other purposes.
The electrical energy generation system uses an elongate container (5) which is partially filled with a liq. and which is bent upwards at either end, to provide a pair of air chambers. The bent ends are each coupled via an intermediate section to a turbine wheel housing contg. a rotary paddle wheel used to drive an electrical generator.    The container (5) is mounted on a platform (2) which is supported by a float anchored in place in a stretch of water with high waves. The container (5) communicates with each turbine wheel housing via a pair of float valves (12,13;21,22) with further inlet and outlet valves (18,19;27,28) for each housing together with a drain valve (20,29) for discharging collected water.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficient use of wave energy with relatively low cost.
A cylindrical body is anchored in the seabed at one end and has a ring of pressure chambers mounted around the top of the cylinder. Each cylinder contains a piston with a vertical rod protruding downwards. A circular float (VLOT) with chamfered edges pushes the rods upwards as the tide rises, causing pressure (DRUK) on the transmission medium.    Other versions each have a fixed piston and a cylindrical pressure chamber on the float. In the third version the body is held on the bed by its own weight and the piston rods are attached to the float. In the fourth version the rise and fall are converted to rotary movement, without a pressure medium, by means of rack and pinion gearing. In the fifth version the float is an air-filled reservoir.
Semiconductor device is formed by providing an Si substrate having an Si3N4 layer on one surface; coating the Si3N4 with a paste contg.: one of Ni, Ag, Pd, Pt and Rh; a Pb (boro) silicate glass frit; and an organic vehicle; and firing so as to cause the paste to penetrate the Si3N4 and form an ohmic contact on the first surface.    Metal is Ag or Ni and frit is a Pb silicate contg. 5-80 wt.% Pb; the frit may also contain up to 30 wt.% B2O3. The paste is applied by screening and firing is performed in air at 650-850 deg.C for 15-60 sec. A second contact, pref. of Al or Ag, is provided on the second surface. The paste includes up to 10 wt.% terpineol or up to 2.0 wt.% ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. with photovoltaic semiconductor junction devices (claimed), esp. in forming the grid electrode of solar cells. Low cost metallisation is provided, leaving the surrounding Si3N4 to serve as an anti-reflection and protective layer.
The process requires the formation of a dielectric layer on the substrate surface. This layer is locally removed to expose the substrate material. The exposed substrate is etched without attacking the dielectric layer. The substrate material etching is carried out until sufficient undercutting of the pattern formed in the dielectric layer has been achieved. The hole/moat formed is then filled with metal, and forms an electric contact. The overlap of the dielectric material ensures excessive widening of the contact pattern on top of the dielectric layer is avoided. The metal is pref. deposited by electroless depsn. Also claimed is the structure formed by depsn. of metal over the entire surface of the silicon. In this case the dielectric layer overlap ensures metal is only deposited in the lower part of the moat. The dielectric layer may also be removed in localised areas by mechanical methods and the substrate exposed is pref. chemically etched.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process reduces the shadowing action of the substrate contacts on the solar cells on which they are used, compared with current contacts. The mfg. steps are simple and series-resistance is significantly reduced. The dielectric layer can also be used as an anti-reflection layer.
An indication lamp and a resistor are received in the slot of a fixed clamping element, connected between a pull back spring and conductive spring plate. A clamping element is movably connected with the fixed clamping element, comprising a pair of projecting rods constantly pressing on the resilient projections of the clip holder. A return spring is set between the movable clamping element and electric wire connector, comprising a hook end to retain the electric wire of the electric wire connector.    The movable clamping element is pressed down to lift the two projecting rods from the resilient projections, permitting protrusion of the expansion clip from the sliding way of the fixed clamping element for use. The rear end of said expansion clip becomes firmly retained by the resilient projections of the clip holder, through the effect of the projection rods of the movable clamping element, upon release of the movable clamping element.    USE -   Compact jumper lead assembly allowing starting of vehicle with flat battery. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/8)@
The reactant (8) contains comprehensive pores and/or hollow spaces (9) for the fluid reactant (11), such pores and/or spaces communicating with a storage container (12) for fluid reactant via a micro-porous, hydrophilic connection (13). This connection, under ruling operating conditions, is permeable to fluid reactant but no for hydrogen gas. The reaction container (10) is also provided with a micro-porous hydrophobic connection (14) for conducting away the formed hydrogen gas to a gas chamber (15) which in turn is connected via a redn. valve (7) to the hydrogen gas chamber (4) of a hydrogen/air cell.    The solid reactant used comprises the metals iron, zinc, magnesium and aluminium individually or in different mixtures. It may also comprise hydride or lithium hydride. The fluid reactant is water.    USE -   To produce hydrogen gas for small chemo-electric hydrogen/air cells. @(Provisional basic advised week 9046)@ @(12pp Dwg.No.1/1)
Manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material sealed in zinc casing through separator. The separator is composed of paper material on which paste material contg. ester-type polyethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, in which addition mol. number of ethylene oxide is at least 8, is applied.    The manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material consisting of mixt. of active substance principally composed of manganese dioxide and electrolyte, which is sealed in zinc casing through separator. The surfactant was added in the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   In storage, corrosion of zinc is sufficiently suppressed for practical use, without amalgamation treatment with mercury.    In an example, 30 wt. parts of natural manganese dioxide, 50 wt. parts of electrolytic manganese dioxide, and 20 wt. parts of acetylene black were mixed. Electrolyte consisting of 100 wt. parts of water, 35 wt. parts of ZnCl2, and 5 wt. parts of NH4Cl was added to the mixed powder to prepare the anodic mixed material. For the paste material, 20 wt. parts of corn starch, 5 wt. parts of 50% ZnCl2 aq. soln., 5 wt. parts of 25% NH4Cl, and 70 wt. parts of water were mixed. Then 0.25 wt.% of the surfactant of formula (I) was added to the mixt. where m is addition mol number of ethylene oxide. The paste was applied on the paper separator. Dry cell was made of the anodic mixed material, the separator and zinc casing. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(JP2276166-A)      Manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material sealed in zinc casing through separator. The separator is composed of paper material on which paste material contg. ester-type polyethylene glycol non-ionic surfactant, in which addition mol. number of ethylene oxide is at least 8, is applied.    The manganese dry cell comprises anodic mixed material consisting of mixt. of active substance principally composed of manganese dioxide and electrolyte, which is sealed in zinc casing through separator. The surfactant was added in the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   In storage, corrosion of zinc is sufficiently suppressed for practical use, without amalgamation treatment with mercury.    In an example, 30 wt. parts of natural manganese dioxide, 50 wt. parts of electrolytic manganese dioxide, and 20 wt. parts of acetylene black were mixed. Electrolyte consisting of 100 wt. parts of water, 35 wt. parts of ZnCl2, and 5 wt. parts of NH4Cl was added to the mixed powder to prepare the anodic mixed material. For the paste material, 20 wt. parts of corn starch, 5 wt. parts of 50% ZnCl2 aq. soln., 5 wt. parts of 25% NH4Cl, and 70 wt. parts of water were mixed. Then 0.25 wt.% of the surfactant of formula (I) was added to the mixt. where m is addition mol number of ethylene oxide. The paste was applied on the paper separator. Dry cell was made of the anodic mixed material, the separator and zinc casing.
Active matrix liq. crystal display panel has: (a) picture element electrodes: (b) signal electrodes are at intervals to picture element electrodes and send signal to picture element electrodes; (c) first substrate has varistors connecting picture element to signal-electrodes; (d) second substrate has scanning electrode facing picture element electrodes; (e) polymer dispersing liq. crystal layer; (f) electrode output sections are at end of each substrate. Each electrode output section has lead wire connected to each electrode on each substrate; and (g) protective layers are around electrode output sections and substrates. Protective layers protect end face of liq. crystal layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for various displays, light shutters or control units. Connecting liq. crystal display panels provides large-screen liq. crystal display unit, at least several m2, or at least several ten m2. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
In a device for injecting charged particles including a section for generating charged particles, two pole electromagnet having magnetic pole pieces on both ends, a section for selecting the particles and a holder of sample, at least one of the pole pieces can be exchanged, and the magnetic pole pieces have horizontal end sections which are formed by quadric curve or by cubic curve.    ADVANTAGE -   Since magnetic pole pieces having curved end surfaces are used, divergence of focus point can be avoided. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
In a device for injecting charged particles including a section for generating charged particles, two pole electromagnet having magnetic pole pieces on both ends, a section for selecting the particles and a holder of sample, at least one of the pole pieces can be exchanged, and the magnetic pole pieces have horizontal end sections which are formed by quadric curve or by cubic curve.    ADVANTAGE -   Since magnetic pole pieces having curved end surfaces are used, divergence of focus point can be avoided. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
In a device for injecting charged particles including a section for generating charged particles, two pole electromagnet having magnetic pole pieces on both ends, a section for selecting the particles and a holder of sample, at least one of the pole pieces can be exchanged, and the magnetic pole pieces have horizontal end sections which are formed by quadric curve or by cubic curve.    ADVANTAGE -   Since magnetic pole pieces having curved end surfaces are used, divergence of focus point can be avoided. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
The harness consists of a belt or strap (4) which encircles the battery housing (11) (11') and is gripped by a further flexible carrying strap (5). The housing strap (4) made of polypropylene fits the circumference of the batteryy housing just below its projecting top surface (2) which provides a firm anchor. The carrying strap (5) which is also made from polypropylene has moulded fittings (10) at either end which fit the housing strap. The fittings are positive in engagement but sufficiently flexible to be easily detachable.    ADVANTAGE -   Carrier is strong and light and does not impede placement of battery into its operating position. @(13pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
The electrical battery of the type used on road vehicles has terminal posts (4) that are coupled to metal connector plates (5) by a lead bush (4) and weld (3). The end of the plates has a hole to recess a bolt (7) that engages with a captive nut (8) in a groove.    The cable shoe (9) is inserted into the gap between the nut and connector plates and is secured by tightening the bolt. The end of the plate is set into a slot in the surface of the cover to prevent rotation when the bolt is tightened.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents rotation of connector plate. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A fuel cell assembly comprises: (1) a cell consisting of an electrolytic layer; (2) an oxygen electrode attached to one side of the electrolytic layer and opposite an oxygen-contg. gas flow passage; and (3) a fuel electrode attached to the other side of the electrolytic layer and opposite a fuel flow passage.    The electrolytic layer comprises ZrO2 with Y in solid' soln. The oxygen electrode is made of LaMnO3. The fuel electrode is a cermet formed from Ni and ZrO2. The electrolytic layer is formed as a plate, whilst the oxygen and fuel electrodes are formed as films or plates.    ADVANTAGE -   Construction of the cell is simple and cheap to mfr. and is free from breakages due to thermal strain. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/8)@
A device, for converting the chemical energy content of a gaseous fuel into electrical energy, includes a stack of series-connected, flat, zirconia solid electrolyte-based, high temp. fuel cells (1,2,3) with current transfer components inserted between adjacent cells.    The novelty is that each inserted component consists of a central, electrically conductive, gastight, flat separator plate (4) sandwiched between electrically conductive, elastic current collectors (6,7) having contact points for the separator plate (4) and the adjacent cell electrode (2,3), the contact points being permanently subjected to pressure perpendicular to the plate plane. The periphery of the separator plates and fuel cells is provided with flat insulating spacer frames (9), elastic seals (10) and corresponding gaseous medium feed and discharge systems. The entire stack is held together under pressure perpendicular to the plate plane by elastic ti-rods or stirrups located at the periphery of or outside the fuel cells and separator plates.    ADVANTAGE -   The device has an extremely high of many fuel cells and good current transfer between cells with minimal losses. and has a design allowing mass prodn.
The back-up power supply has a shaped body portion, adapted to be supplied within a cigarette lighter outlet plug. The outlet plug has positive and negative contacts normally connected to the primary battery in the automobile. A back-up battery has positive and negative terminals. The negative terminal of the back-up battery is connected to the negative contact of the outlet plug. The positive terminal of the back-up battery is connected to the positive outlet plug via a diode or other electrical blocking device. The diode or other electrical blocking device is connected such that current flow is prevented from the prim. battery to the back-up battery.    Upon disconnection of the prim. battery, the back-up battery supplies current to electrical and/or electronic equipment within the automobile. The prim. battery is a twelve volt battery and the back-up battery is a nine volt battery. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The fuel cell has a current conductor (6) with holes (7) for allowing air ingress to a hydrophobic air cathode (2). An aqueous alkaline electrolyte layer adjoins it in a microporous separator (3) and a fuel anode (4), having a conductor (9) is connected to a pole plate (10). A container (5) is included for an aqueous phase containing the fuels. The whole is surrounded by an insulating sleeve (11) with the ends bare for connections.    The fuel anode (4) is in contact with the container (5) liq. which is, typically, menthanol is aqueous solution containing calcium oxide for converting carbon-dioxide by-products to calcium carbonate.    ADVANTAGE -   Alkaline electrolyte unimpaired in use, has high energy density and is safe.
A fuel cell power generation system uses fuel gas which contains hydrogen as a main component and is obtd. by desulphurising starting fuels such as naphtha, LPG, town gas, etc., and subjecting the resulting gas to steam reformation and a method of producing the fuel gas. The starting fuels are desulphurised by use of a copper-zinc desulphurising agent.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The starting fuels are highly desulphurised to prevent degradation of the steam reforming catalyst. As a result, the fuel cell can be operated stably for a long period of time, and since S/C (the molar number of steam per mol of carbon of hydrocarbons in the starting fuel) can be reduced during the steam reformation, the hydrogen content in the fuel gas and hence power generation efficiency can be imoroved. @(41pp Dwg.No.2/4)@
Cell has a solid polymer membrane (102) for proton transport between the gases. A first flow field transports gas(es) adjacent the membrane for current-generating reaction, and a second flow field receives gas(es) sequential to the first field and has a water transport membrane (108,109) for regulating humidity of the gas in the first field. A gas flow channel pref. repeatedly traverses the two fields, with second field channel length sufficient to remove excess water from the oxygen or to humidify the hydrogen for moisturising the first membrane to maintain ionic conductivity. A fluid flow is pref. maintained adjacent the membrane opposite the cell gas to evaporate water from the membrane and cool the gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved control of proton transport membrane moisture content and fuel gas cooling.
Process useful where aq. coolant is used in fuel cell power plants, using an Fe source for forming ferric hydrous oxide to retard the deposition of iron-based cpds. comprises contacting the Fe source with water at 180-350 deg. F, with an O level promoting Fe2+, an acidic pH and a conductivity of not greater than 1 micromho per cm, raising the pH to ppt. the Fe2+, and loweringrthe oxygen level in the water to limit the size of growth of the ppt. Also claimed is a process as above in which the Fe source and water meet in a chamber (136), the water being acidic due to dissolved CO2 and having an O level of at least 1 ppm, steam is mixed with the water and the mixt. sprayed (148) towards the surface of the mass of the water (152). The CO2 is vented, raising the pH, and an O level of 40-60 ppb obtd. in the water so Fe ppts. as FeOOH.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solves the problem of particle deposition from aq. coolant in fuel cell power plants, which may cause conduit blocking. The process for any system where aq. solns. may deposit Fe cpds. The deposits of Fe-based cpds. on conduit interiors is thus retarded by the presence of type II ferric hydrous oxide.
The plant has a main fuel conduit (14) from a supply to a system (16) with conditioning appts. and fuel cells and passing exhaust (18) to a turbo-compressor (20) from which air is passed via a main conduit (32) to the cell system and via a secondary conduit (42) to an auxiliary burner unit (40) with a primary burner (48) and a pilot (52). A secondary fuel conduit (44) connects the compressed fuel supply to the auxiliary burner unit, the exhaust from which is passed to the turbine via a secondary exhaust line.    There is a check valve (62) between fuel supply and pilot, and a gas accumulator (64) in the secondary fuel conduit between check valve and pilot. The accumulator is divided by a diaphragm (66) with fuel on one side and a controllable feed (72) of compressed inert gas to the other (74).    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids flameout and consequent longer term plant outage.
High purity alumina fibre made of polycrystal is mixed with a compound contg. Li, and the alumina fibre is heated at 500- 1000 deg.C in a cpd. contg. Li, so that lithium aluminate fibre having micro pores internally and on the surface is produced.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The porous fibre is esp. useful as reinforcing material for an electrolyte plate of a melted carbonate fuel battery. Since the lithium aluminate fibre itself has electrolyte retaining function, and improved wettability etc., the melted carbonate can enter the reinforcing material and when the fuel battery is cooled, the melted carbonate is fixed there, i.e. no gap (void) is produced around the reinforcing material. @(5pp Dwg.No.1-2/6)@
The gun comprises a cooling pipe, through which a coolant flows; the pipe attached to the side wall of a grid, by which the interior space of a vacuum vessel is partitioned and the grid having many slits or small holes.    USE -   For sterilising paper packs for drinks. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/4)@
The voltage dividing resistor element for mounting inside electron tube comprises ceramic insulating substrate principally consisting of aluminium oxide, resistor layer consisting of metal oxide contg. ruthenium oxide, lead borosilicate glass, which is formed on the substrate, and insulating coating layer formed on the resistor layer. In this element, metal oxide layer formed by hydrolysis of organic metallic cpd. is placed in-between the insulating substrate and the resistor layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The voltage dividing resistor element is used as the element to be mounted inside electron tubes, e.g. Braun tube for the colour TV. Resistance value change and life characteristicss of the element are improved. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The voltage dividing resistor element for mounting inside electron tube comprises ceramic insulating substrate principally consisting of aluminium oxide, resistor layer consisting of metal oxide contg. ruthenium oxide, lead borosilicate glass, which is formed on the substrate, and insulating coating layer formed on the resistor layer. In this element, metal oxide layer formed by hydrolysis of organic metallic cpd. is placed in-between the insulating substrate and the resistor layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The voltage dividing resistor element is used as the element to be mounted inside electron tubes, e.g. Braun tube for the colour TV. Resistance value change and life characteristicss of the element are improved. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The voltage dividing resistor element for mounting inside electron tube comprises ceramic insulating substrate principally consisting of aluminium oxide, resistor layer consisting of metal oxide contg. ruthenium oxide, lead borosilicate glass, which is formed on the substrate, and insulating coating layer formed on the resistor layer. In this element, metal oxide layer formed by hydrolysis of organic metallic cpd. is placed in-between the insulating substrate and the resistor layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The voltage dividing resistor element is used as the element to be mounted inside electron tubes, e.g. Braun tube for the colour TV. Resistance value change and life characteristicss of the element are improved. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The voltage dividing resistor element for mounting inside electron tube comprises ceramic insulating substrate principally consisting of aluminium oxide, resistor layer consisting of metal oxide contg. ruthenium oxide, lead borosilicate glass, which is formed on the substrate, and insulating coating layer formed on the resistor layer. In this element, metal oxide layer formed by hydrolysis of organic metallic cpd. is placed in-between the insulating substrate and the resistor layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The voltage dividing resistor element is used as the element to be mounted inside electron tubes, e.g. Braun tube for the colour TV. Resistance value change and life characteristicss of the element are improved. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Solid electrolyte fuel cell includes a number of cells each including, in order: a porous support, an air electrode, an electrolyte and a fuel electrode, or a porous air electrode which acts as a support, in either case O2-rich air being supplied to the air electrode, steam-reformed hydrocarbon fuel being supplied to the fuel electrode, and the fuel being recycled.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has increased output density and min. fuel loss and has a uniform temp. in the generating chamber. @(10pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
(A) Hydrogen bubbles and/or dissolved hydrogen are removed from a liq., esp. water, by contacting the liq. with a coated metal (alloy) structure which either absorbs hydrogen or acts as a semi-permeable membrane for hydrogen sepn. (B) Appts., structures and materials for carrying out the process are also claimed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is useful for hydrogen sepn. from the process water produced by fuel cells in space vehicles and allows the treated water to be used as drinking water. @(8pp Dwg.No 1/5)@
A solid electrolyte high temperature fuel cell is formed from a number of plate-shaped cell elements (4, 5) that are constructed with thin solid electrolytic plates (8, 10) with cathodes (12, 14) on one side and an anode (16, 18) on the other side. Located between the plates are bipolar elements (20, 22).    The bipolar elements have slots (24, 26) cut into the surfaces. One set of slots (24) are used for the passage of oxygen, while the others handle the exhaust gases.    ADVANTAGE -   Cost effective design that is mechanically stable.
A first manual switch is arranged to connect the batteries in correct polarity when the jumper cables are connected in the first correct polarity. A second manual switch is arranged to connect the batteries incorrectly polarity where the jumper cables are connected in the second incorrect polarity.    Each of the first and second switches are latched in an open position in which battery interconnection is prevented. A circuit senses the polarity in which the jumper cables are connected, including an unlatching device for each switch, the circuit being arranged to actuate the unlatching device which will enable one of the switching device to be manually actuated to a closed position to interconnect the batteries in correct polarity.    USE -   Switching system for interconnecting two batteries through jumper cables which can be connected to the system in a first correct polarity and a second incorrect polarity. @(11pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
The cable assembly includes a container unit that stores the booster cables. A device serves for controlling the deployment of the cables according to a predetermined sequence and then controls the re-winding of such cables according to the reverse of such predetermined sequence. The control device includes solenoids that are actuated by the opening and closing of the clamps used to connect the cables to the battery terminals as well as the presence of current in the booster circuit. The solenoids are electromagnetic types which includes a rod moved from one position to another by the presence of current in the electromagnet. Various switches and current sensor elements are also included.    The cables are each mounted on a reel, and the reels are mounted on an axle that can be fixed to a housing. The reels are fixably and releasably mounted on the axle. By releasing the reels from the axle, the cables can be pulled out to connect to the various elements, and then by fixing the reels to the axle, the cables can be rewound. The fixing and releasing of the reels is carried out by the solenoids and by switches, and the axle is releasable or fixable.    ADVANTAGE -   Neat and clean storage of cablese avoiding tangling. @(8pp Dwg.No. 1/7)@
Prepn. of superconducting material comprises (a) coating at least 1 microns thick C layer on a domain having at least Nb or a Nb basis alloy at surface to form composite material, (b) a NbNC basis superconducting cpd. is formed on the domain along with surface of the substrate by irradiating laser beam on surface of the C layer while relatively moving along with surface of the C layer in N2 contained atmos..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is applied to make wire having high critical current with smaller capacity YAG laser, allowing use of lower cost silica glass. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Anode comprises anode active substance of LxCa2-xMn3O8 or LxEyCa2-x-y Mn3O8, where L = Y or La, E = Ba or Sr.    ADVANTAGE -   Conductivity of the anode for lithium sec. cell is improved compared with that of the anode composed of conventional Ca2Mn3O8.    In an example, La(NO3)3, Ca(NO3)2, and Mn(NO3)3 were mixed to give mixing ratio of the metallic ions 0.2:1.8:3. The mixt. was added to water, then the mixt. with water was added to aq. soln. of ammonium carbonate to obtain coprecipitates of their carbonates. After washing and drying, the coprecipitates were thermally decomposed in oxygen flow to prepare the active substance of La0.2Ca1.8Mn3O8. In the same manner, La0.4Ca1.6Mn3O8, Y0.2Ca1.8Mn3O8. La0.2Ba0.2Ca1.6Mn3O8, Y0.4Ca1.6Mn3O8, La0.1Ca1.9Mn3O8 were prepd. Resistivity (ohm.cm) of samples were 3.3x10, 1.7x10 power 2, 6.9x10 power 5, 1.5x10 power 2, 1.7x10 power 5, 9.7x10 respectively. Anode plates were respectively prepd. with the prepd. active substances and acetylene black. Sec. cells were assembled with the respective anodes, Li plate, and electrolyte of 1M-LiClO4 soln. of propylene carbonate. Charge-discharge curves of the respective cells were stable and even. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Anode comprises anode active substance of LxCa2-xMn3O8 or LxEyCa2-x-y Mn3O8, where L = Y or La, E = Ba or Sr.    ADVANTAGE -   Conductivity of the anode for lithium sec. cell is improved compared with that of the anode composed of conventional Ca2Mn3O8.    In an example, La(NO3)3, Ca(NO3)2, and Mn(NO3)3 were mixed to give mixing ratio of the metallic ions 0.2:1.8:3. The mixt. was added to water, then the mixt. with water was added to aq. soln. of ammonium carbonate to obtain coprecipitates of their carbonates. After washing and drying, the coprecipitates were thermally decomposed in oxygen flow to prepare the active substance of La0.2Ca1.8Mn3O8. In the same manner, La0.4Ca1.6Mn3O8, Y0.2Ca1.8Mn3O8. La0.2Ba0.2Ca1.6Mn3O8, Y0.4Ca1.6Mn3O8, La0.1Ca1.9Mn3O8 were prepd. Resistivity (ohm.cm) of samples were 3.3x10, 1.7x10 power 2, 6.9x10 power 5, 1.5x10 power 2, 1.7x10 power 5, 9.7x10 respectively. Anode plates were respectively prepd. with the prepd. active substances and acetylene black. Sec. cells were assembled with the respective anodes, Li plate, and electrolyte of 1M-LiClO4 soln. of propylene carbonate. Charge-discharge curves of the respective cells were stable and even. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
In alkaline accumulator battery comprising numerous individual cells arranged one behind the other, the cell walls (a) are of flat, deep drawable sheet steel, opt. Ni plated (b) have thickness of razor blade (c) serve as support of the active materials (I) (d) are provided with numerous depressions and/or highly porous sintered Ni layers to receive (I) (e) are bonded tightly and securely with each other by frame of plastics material surrounding them.    (I) are Ni, Cd, or Fe. Depressions are filled on both faces with (I) of differing polarity to form bipolar plates. Plates, after incorporation of (I), are covered with highly porous plastics film and bonded together. An open pored, highly elastic layer of a plastics material is arranged between the plates to press (I). (I) are in tablet form and are fixed in the depressions with adhesive having good electrical conductivity. Flexible tubes are arranged in surrounding frame for evacuating cells then filling them with electrolyte. Cell walls project beyond surrounding plastics frame to form cooling ribs. Cells are held together with 2 end plates by pull rods.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Starter and traction batteries with specific battery output 75 Wh/kg can be prepd. @(3pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
The apparatus has connecting devices that have a polarity-sensitive and current-limiting circuit within each connecting device with one or more coloured LEDs, a current-limiting resistor and a piezoelectric alarm. The circuits also indicate when one of the batteries may have an open or short cell. The second connecting device has an electrically insulative, translating block means to reduce the chance of accidental contact with the interior of the connecting device and to reduce the chance of arcing outside of the electrically insulated housing and block means.    The apparatus may have an extension cable apparatus to assist jumping the batteries when access to the batteries may be difficult. The housings of the connecting devices have bosses and slots to aid in the alignment of the housings and to align the positive cables when the housings are interconnected. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/8)@
Battery comprises an orgnaic electrolyte liq. contg. an electrolyte with LiPF6 in a non-aq. solvent. The electrolyte liq. contains 0.1-20 vol% N-dialkylamide cpd. of formula R1-N(R2)-C(O)-R3, where R1 and R2 are each a satd. hydrocarbon gp. opt. with O or N atom in its C chain, and R3 is H or the same hydrocarbon gp. as R1 and R2. Two of R1-R3 may be connected with each other in a ring.    The N-dialkylamide cpd. pref. includes 1-methyl-2-piperidone, 1-methyl-2-pyrolidinone, 1-ethyl-2-pyrodinone, N,N-dimethylacetoamide, N,N-diethylacetoamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylpropion-amide, etc. The non-aq. solvent used includes propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, DMSO, ethylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.. The electrolyte is LiPF6 opt. other electrolytes e.g. LiClO4, LiCF2SO3, LiBF4, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The organic electrolyte battery is safe and harmless and has good storage stability. It is used in a cylindrical, button type or coin type form, etc.. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Electron emission element comprises a pair of electrodes and an insulation thin film held between the pair of electrodes and the insulation film made of an organic polymer thin film having heat and solvent resistance.    ADVANTAGE -   The element has heat resistance and allows use of alkali earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali earth metals and their borides. @(9pp Dwg.No 4./6)@
Electron emission element comprises a pair of electrodes and an insulation thin film held between the pair of electrodes and the insulation film made of an organic polymer thin film having heat and solvent resistance.    ADVANTAGE -   The element has heat resistance and allows use of alkali earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali earth metals and their borides. @(9pp Dwg.No 4./6)@
A solid, multi-component membrane is claimed as are electrochemical reactor cells which contain the membrane and which are used for reacting an O2-consuming gas with an O2-contg. gas. The membrane is impervious to the O2-consuming gas and comprises (i) an intimate multi-phase mixt. of a specified electronically-conductive (EC) phase and a specified O2 ion-conductive (OIC) phase; and/or (ii) a specified single phase of mixed metal oxides having a perovskite structure and having EC and OIC properties.    USE -   The semipermeable membranes facilitate transpart from an O2-contg. to an O2-consuming gas. Claimed processes using the cells are (1) oxidising a gas (esp. CH4, natural gas, C2H6 and/or other light hydrocarbon gas) to produce synthesis gas or unsatd. hydrocarbons; (2) extracting O2 from N2O, NO, NO2, SO2 and/or SO3 (e.g. for flue or exhaust gas clean-up); and (3) ammoxidising CH4 to HCN. Other uses are in the combustion of H2 to produce water or in the splitting of steam to give H2 (used to provide fuel for a fuel cell or to hydrogenate unsatd. hydrocarbons) and O2 (used to react with e.g. CH4). @(25pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
The fuel cell comprises a number of cell elements stacked via separator plates (4), each cell element comprising an electrolyte plate (1), a cathode (2) and an anode (3) which sandwich the electrolyte plate (1). A power generation part of the fuel cell is defined by the electrolyte plate (1), cathode (2) and anode (3). Oxidising gas (OG) and fuel gas (FG) are supplied to each cell element in the same direction but the direction is opposite to the gas flow of an adjacent cell element.$ Preheating devices (11) are provided next to the power generation part (1) as a part of the fuel cell in the direction gases flow in a manner such that both incoming gases pass through the preheating device (11). The preheating device (11) includes a number of heat exchange promoting elements (12) in the form of projections provided on both faces of the separator plate (4).$    ADVANTAGE -   Does not require external preheating device.
Surface hardened steel plates are at present fitted to car accumulators to prevent the drilling of a hole in the battery casing by a thief so that all electrical anti-theft protection devices become inoperative. Instead of the steel plate, a fibre reinforced plastic matt(2) is fitted between battery (1) and bodywork (4). The fibres become wrapped around any twist drill and break it off. A suitable plastic would be a woven pad of aramid, nylon, polyester or SPETRA (RTM), 5-20 mm thick in two layers (6,7) with tear-resistant plastic fibres (5) as reinforcement.    ADVANTAGE -   This acts both as a theft preventative and as an insulation for the battery. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Method for organic electrosynthesis uses a cell divided into anode and cathode compartments by a membrane of either the cation exchange or the anion exchange type as necessary. The membrane is spaced apart from the two electrodes, and both anolyte and catholyte can comprise an aq. or non-aq. solvent together with an oxidisable or reducible organic cpd. and a soluble current-conducting salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method can be used to prepare organic cpds., to purify liqs. such as organic solvents and PCB-contaminated dielectric fluids, and to destroy toxic chemicals. It can also be applied to produce electrochemical energy in the form of high energy-density fuel cells, including rechargeable types. Its use of multi-phase solvents as electrolytes, together with an ion-exchange membrane, improves the efficiency of synthesis reactions by restricting neutral molecule transfer between cell compartments. If fuel cell applications of the light energy-density type are contemplated, the method restricts the transfer of water mols. into the anolyte compartment, thus reducing the possibility of possibility of cell failure or explosion, i.e. due to reaction with metals such as Li. The use of a spaced-apart membrane provides greater operating efficiency than prior cells of the energy-consuming type, i.e. by improving electrical conductivity.
Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(JP2256167-A)      Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd.
Resin fine particles are supplied to magnetic particles for coating the magnetic particles with resin fine particles by repeatedly applying impact force. Resin fine particles are intermittently supplied at least two times.    Resin fine particles is, i.e., styrene resin, acryl resin, styrene-acryl resin, vinyl resin, ethylene resin, polyamide reisn, polyester resin, fluorine resin and silicone resin. 100 wt. pts. of ferrite particles of 100 micron m average dia. and 1.5 wt.pts. of styrene-acryl resin fine particles of 0.1 micron m dia. are added to the rotary blade-type coating device, to perform prim. coating for 15 min. at 10 m/sec of peripheral speed. Then 15 wt.% of styrene-acryl resin fine particles are added to perform the sec. coating for 15 min. Then the temp. of the chamber is increased to 60 deg.C and the carrier is stirred for 10 min. to obtain the carrier coated with resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Magnetic particles can be effectively coated with the resin fine particles, and a carrier superior in the charging property and durability, can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Electron is taken out of the electrode by redox reaction among organic substance, enzyme, and electron carrier. The organic substance comprises glucose, the enzyme comprises glucose oxidase, and the electron carrier comprises meldolablue.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The glucose biological cell is used as the cell in which organic substance is fuel to generate electric energy. Conversion efficiency and stability of the cell are good. Open circuit voltage of the cell is improved. @(9pp)
Methal cap binder for tubed bulb comrpises an inorganic filler and a foaming agent are blended with silicon resin binder basis.    ADVANTAGE -   The bulb is very seldom damaged by strain, using the binder compsn.    In an example, a metal cap binder was prepd. by mixing 18 wt.% "Toshiba silicone rubber TSE-322" (RTM) as binder basis, 75 wt.% calcium carbonate as inorganic filler, 5 wt.% xylene and 2 wt.% di-nitroso-penta-methylene-tetramine as foaming agent. The binder was coated inside a metal cap, combined with light bulb and the binder was baked. The binder expanded to fill gaps by expansion. A test of the bulb using the binder shows less defects than one without the foaming agent. @(3pp Dwg.No 0/0)
Methal cap binder for tubed bulb comrpises an inorganic filler and a foaming agent are blended with silicon resin binder basis.    ADVANTAGE -   The bulb is very seldom damaged by strain, using the binder compsn.    In an example, a metal cap binder was prepd. by mixing 18 wt.% "Toshiba silicone rubber TSE-322" (RTM) as binder basis, 75 wt.% calcium carbonate as inorganic filler, 5 wt.% xylene and 2 wt.% di-nitroso-penta-methylene-tetramine as foaming agent. The binder was coated inside a metal cap, combined with light bulb and the binder was baked. The binder expanded to fill gaps by expansion. A test of the bulb using the binder shows less defects than one without the foaming agent. @(3pp Dwg.No 0/0)
Methal cap binder for tubed bulb comrpises an inorganic filler and a foaming agent are blended with silicon resin binder basis.    ADVANTAGE -   The bulb is very seldom damaged by strain, using the binder compsn.    In an example, a metal cap binder was prepd. by mixing 18 wt.% "Toshiba silicone rubber TSE-322" (RTM) as binder basis, 75 wt.% calcium carbonate as inorganic filler, 5 wt.% xylene and 2 wt.% di-nitroso-penta-methylene-tetramine as foaming agent. The binder was coated inside a metal cap, combined with light bulb and the binder was baked. The binder expanded to fill gaps by expansion. A test of the bulb using the binder shows less defects than one without the foaming agent. @(3pp Dwg.No 0/0)
The device comprises a means to start a guide to operation procedures automatically and by selection, a display for necessary information, an inputting means, an auxiliary memorising means, and a processing means.    USE -   Operation procedures can be searched easily in the event of an accident at a plant. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a device including air chamber partioned from reforming furnace which accomodates reaction tube by 1st wall, fuel gas chamber partitioned by 2nd wall from the air chamber and a burner, the end of which is supported by the 1st wall and the other end of which is supported by the 2nd wall, a mechanism is arranged in the 1st wall for absorbing thermal expansion of the burner generated when burning.    ADVANTAGE -   Since thermal expansion of the burner is absorbed, generation of thermal stress can be avoided to secure safety of the device. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Producing hard carbon wire for use as lead wire is claimed by: (1) mixing C powder with binder contg. (a) monomer/precondensate of furan resin and (b) Cl-contg. vinyl resin and carbonised after calcining; (2) applying high shearing force to knead mixt.; (3) extrusion moulding mixt.; (4) insolubilising and infusibilising moulding; and (5) calcining moulding in inert gas atmos.    Binder comprises: (a) comprising monomer/precondensate of synthetic resin(s) having furan ring in mol. structure, including furfuryl alcohol resin, furfuryl alcohol/furfural cocondensate resin, furfural/phenol cocondensate resin, furfural/ketone cocondensate resin and furfuryl alcohol/phenol cocondensate resin; and (b) selected from chlorinated vinyl chloride resin particles, vinyl chloride resin, chlorinated vinyl chloride and chlorinated vinylidene resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Simple, inexpensive method produces corrosion-/wear-resistant, light-wt., mechanically strong lead wires with low electrical resistance for producing power to be supplied to a fuel battery.
The fuel cell, which operates at a high temp., contains several converter-cells (5), based on ZrO2 as a solid electrolyte, arranged in a stack. Each cell is in contact on one side with the oxygen-source gas and on the other side with the gaseous fuel. For each stock of cells, a gas-jet pump (7) is provided to transport the oxygen-source gas. A central gas-jet pump (8) is provided to pump the fuel-gas and mix it with exhaust fuel-gas from the cells contg. unreacted fuel-gas and the reaction prod. through the central distribution pipe (9). Endothermal reactions take place in the central pipe and the coaxially arranged reaction region (10), through which the fuel-gas travels to the converter cells, which contains a catalyst to accelerate the reactions.    Four stocks of cells are pref. arranged inside a thermally insulated container (1). Also claimed is the arrangement in which one set of supply (17) and removal (18) pipes is provided for each pair of stacks of converter cells (6) which is fitted at a right angle to the level of the electrolyte plates.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The fuelcell arrangement provides a high conversion efficiency of 90% of the fuel and an energy efficiency of 52%. The cell is able to use a variety of gaseous fuels by using a solid oxygen-ion conducting medium. It provides a large capacity by the use of stacks of converter cells. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The solid electrolyte is shown as Li1+xMxZr2-x(PO4)3, where M=Al or rar earth metals, x=0.1-0.9, or Li1-yLyZr2-y(PO4)3, where L=V, Nb or Ta, y=0.1-0.9.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and stability at room temp., so it is applicable to micro battery. In an example, 1.8 pts. mole of ZrO2, 0.6 pts. mole. of LiCO3, 3 pts. mole of (NH4)2 HPO4 and 0.1 pts. mole of Al2o3 are mixed, reacted at 900 deg.C for 2 hrs, graudally cooled down, grinded for 6hrs. dried at 100 deg.C reacted at 90C for 2 hrs. gradually colled down and ground for 12 hrs. The grinded powder is dried added by 3wt.% PVA soln. (0.1 ml vs. 1g powder), molded and sintered at 1200 deg.C for 2 hrs. to form Li1.2A10.2Zr1. (PO4)3. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The non-aq. system prim. cell comprises an anode, cathode of light metal or light metal alloy, and organic electrolyte. The organic electrolyte comprises a Lewis acid double salt of formula LiXFn, where X = B, P, As or Sb, n = 4 in case that X = B, or n = 6 in case that X = P, As, or Sb. The organic electrolyte can comprise a mixed solvent of at least a cyclic carboxylic acid ester and a cyclic ester.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell is safe if short-circuited. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
A high temp. fuel cell is produced as a flat plate of ceramic material with a solid electrolyte (1), a porous oxygen electrode (2) and a porous fuel cell electrode (3). Gas-tight, electrically conducting separating plates (4) are located on both sides.    The bipolar plate is produced with raised sections (5) and is of a heat, corrosion and oxidation resistant high temp. material such as a nickel based alloy. The edges of the plate are upset to form a location.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficient and compact cell. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The method includes the steps of reducing the amount of heat supplied to the heater while continuing to supply unreformed fuel to the catalyst bed for cooling the catalyst bed through an endothermic reaction until the temperature of the catalyst bed falls below its working temperature by a predetermined amount and thereafter discontinuing the supply of unreformed fuel to the catalyst bed. A blower serves for circulating air across the catalyst bed. The method also includes the step of continuing the operation of the blower until after the supply of unreformed fuel to the catalyst bed is discontinued.    The blower supplies air to the heater for burning of fuel and extracts air from the reformer. A control valve selectively communicates the exhaust from the reformer to the air port of the fuel cell for heating the fuel cell during start up.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids deterioration or damage to catalyst material and bed. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
USE/ADVANTAGE -   The conductive paste is used for assembly of the semiconductor devices. The bonding property of the paste is good. Reliability of the assembled device is good.    In an example, 7.6 parts of epoxy-cpd (EP 4400 made by Asahi Denka KK), 5.6 parts of parahydroxystyrene (Maruka Rinka M made by MAZP), 0.2 parts of epoxide resin having benzophenone e radical, 10.4 parts of gamma-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn., 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN made by SHIJ), and 70 parts of silver powder to prepare the conductive paste. (2) 20.0 parts of epoxy-cpd. (Epicoat 828 made by Shell Chemical Co.), 0.1 part epoxide resin having benzophenone imide, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn.. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn. 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN), and 70 parts of silver powder were mixed to prepare the conductive paste. @(4pp DWg.No.0/0)
USE/ADVANTAGE -   The conductive paste is used for assembly of the semiconductor devices. The bonding property of the paste is good. Reliability of the assembled device is good.    In an example, 7.6 parts of epoxy-cpd (EP 4400 made by Asahi Denka KK), 5.6 parts of parahydroxystyrene (Maruka Rinka M made by MAZP), 0.2 parts of epoxide resin having benzophenone e radical, 10.4 parts of gamma-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn., 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN made by SHIJ), and 70 parts of silver powder to prepare the conductive paste. (2) 20.0 parts of epoxy-cpd. (Epicoat 828 made by Shell Chemical Co.), 0.1 part epoxide resin having benzophenone imide, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn.. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn. 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN), and 70 parts of silver powder were mixed to prepare the conductive paste. @(4pp DWg.No.0/0)
USE/ADVANTAGE -   The conductive paste is used for assembly of the semiconductor devices. The bonding property of the paste is good. Reliability of the assembled device is good.    In an example, 7.6 parts of epoxy-cpd (EP 4400 made by Asahi Denka KK), 5.6 parts of parahydroxystyrene (Maruka Rinka M made by MAZP), 0.2 parts of epoxide resin having benzophenone e radical, 10.4 parts of gamma-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn., 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN made by SHIJ), and 70 parts of silver powder to prepare the conductive paste. (2) 20.0 parts of epoxy-cpd. (Epicoat 828 made by Shell Chemical Co.), 0.1 part epoxide resin having benzophenone imide, and 4.0 parts of diethylene glycol diethylether were made to react at 100 deg.C for 1 hr. to obtain highly viscous brown resin compsn.. 27.8 parts of the resin compsn. 0.006 parts of catalyst (2PHZ-CN), and 70 parts of silver powder were mixed to prepare the conductive paste. @(4pp DWg.No.0/0)
Dielectric ceramic compsn. comprises 100 pts.wt. main component of xBaO-yTiO2-zRe2O3 (x+y+z = 1.00, and Re2O3 = at least one of La2O3, Pr2O11/3, Nd2O3, and Sm2O3), and x, y, and z (in mol ratio) are within the range encircled by following pts. a, b, c, d, e and f (in triangular compsn. diagram), and 0.3-8.0 pts.wt. Nb-oxide, as converted to Nb2O5, as a sec. compsn.    USE -   For multilayer ceramic capacitors, having high permittivity, insulation resistance, dielectric breakdown voltage, and improved Q, and low temp. coefft. of electrostatic capacity. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Dielectric ceramic compsn. comprises 100 pts.wt. main component of xBaO-yTiO2-zRe2O3 (x+y+z = 1.00, and Re2O3 = at least one of La2O3, Pr2O11/3, Nd2O3, and Sm2O3), and x, y, and z (in mol ratio) are within the range encircled by following pts. a, b, c, d, e and f (in triangular compsn. diagram), and 0.3-8.0 pts.wt. Nb-oxide, as converted to Nb2O5, as a sec. compsn.    USE -   For multilayer ceramic capacitors, having high permittivity, insulation resistance, dielectric breakdown voltage, and improved Q, and low temp. coefft. of electrostatic capacity. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Dielectric ceramic compsn. comprises 100 pts.wt. main component of xBaO-yTiO2-zRe2O3 (x+y+z = 1.00, and Re2O3 = at least one of La2O3, Pr2O11/3, Nd2O3, and Sm2O3), and x, y, and z (in mol ratio) are within the range encircled by following pts. a, b, c, d, e and f (in triangular compsn. diagram), and 0.3-8.0 pts.wt. Nb-oxide, as converted to Nb2O5, as a sec. compsn.    USE -   For multilayer ceramic capacitors, having high permittivity, insulation resistance, dielectric breakdown voltage, and improved Q, and low temp. coefft. of electrostatic capacity. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/2)
In the operation of high temp. fuel cells with ion-conductive electrolytes, in which hydrogen and oxygen-contg. ions are reacted to form water with electrical energy prodn. and in which oxygen is supplied to the cathodes in the form of an oxygen-contg. gas, the novelty is that the cathodes are supplied with oxygen-enriched gas from an air fractionator.    ADVANTAGE -   The low nitrogen content of the oxygen-enriched gas avoids polarisation and blocking of the cathodes and reduces CO2 losses since little or no nitrogen is required to be evacuated. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Two or more fuel cells (IZ) are secured together so that they cannot be released. The fuel cell block (1) is formed by the alternating stacking of foils (2, 3, 4 and 5) one on the other, which serve as cathodes (2), the fixed e (3), anodes (4) and electrically conducting layers (5) for connecting the individual fuel cells.    Each fuel cell block (1) is constructed of at least one layer (2, 3, 4) and two layers (5). The two outer layers (5) are designed electrically conducting, the middle layer (3) serves as the solid electrolyte and between the first outer layer (5) and the middle layer (3) is arranged a layer (2) acting as the cathode. A layer (4) acting as an anode is arranged between the second outer layer (5) and the middle layer (3).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Fuel cell block and dmethod for its prodn. Satisfies engineering application requirements and can be produced in simple manner. @(Dwg.No.4/4)@
(A) In the operation of high temp. fuel cells, in which O2 supplied to the cathodes is reacted with H2 at the anodes to form H2O with energy recovery, the novelty is that the anode off-gas contg. H2 and CO2 is treated in one or more stages and divided into sub-streams, at least one sub-stream being (partially) recycled to the anodes and opt. a further sub-stream being returned to the cathodes.    (B) Also claimed is use of the process for operating fuel cells supplied with H2 in combined form.    ADVANTAGE -   The valuable H2 content of the anode off-gas is returned to the cells to improve energy yields. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Molten carbonate fuel cell stack includes separator plates (40) and electrolyte (20) in the stack, each having an aligned perforation in each corner area forming a gas manifold (24,25) extending through the stack. Each perforation in the separator plate is surrounded by a flattened manifold wet seal structure (43) extending to contract the electrolytes on each side of the separator plate to form a separator plate/electrolyte wet seal under operating conditions.    ADVANTAGE -   Design permits full internal manifolding of fuel and oxidant gases to individual cells of the stack using conventional wet seals, with good operational life and stability. @(8pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
An electroconductive interconnecting member consists of a ceramic material which essentially comprises a mixture of 100 pts. wt. of LaCrO3 with not more than 2 pts. wt. of an oxide or oxide of Si, Te, Fe, Al, Cu, B, Ni, Or (sic) or Mn. A fuel cell is claimed, which has the above interconnecting ceramic member as the interconnector.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The envisaged use is as an interconnecting member in a solid electrolyte fuel cell. The material has high mechanical strength, density and electrical conductivity, and has a thermal expansion coefft. compatible with the solid electrolyte. The material also has good sinterability at low temps. @(12pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Method of mfg. a conductive porous ceramic tube comprises: (1) mixing powders of La (cpd.), Mn (cpd.) and Sr (cpd.); (2) firing the mixt. at not more than 1400 deg.C to synthesise La1-xSrxMnO3 (where x = 0-0.5); (3) grinding the La1-xSrMnO3 to a powder of 2-10 microns particle dia.; (4) kneading 100 pts. wt. of the powder with an organic binder, water and 1-8 pts. wt. of pore-forming agent; (5) forming the kneaded material into a moulded tube; and (6) drying the tube, and firing it at 1300-1600 deg.C. A porous support for an electrode and/or electrolyte in a solid oxide fuel cell is also claimed, where the support is a tube formed as above.    ADVANTAGE -   Porous tube is stronger than materials previously used as solid electrolyte fuel cell electrode supports. It can be used as the electrode itself, thus simplifying mfr. and reducing mfg. costs. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)
In this coal combined-cycle power station, the coal gas necessary for the fuel cell is produced by allothermic coal-gasification. The several variants claimed include the use of a high-temp. oxide ceramic fuel cell (an SOFC - solid oxide fuel cell), and part of the fuel-cell flue-gas being returned under pressure to the allothermic gas-producer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Economical method of electricity generation by integrated allothermic gas-production, in which the gas turbine is replaced by a high-temp. fuel cell. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(I) Electrode (I) comprises porous, electrically conductive polymeric support with electrochemically active heavy metal (II) deposited therein, obtainable by anodically coating electrochemically a support of C fibre fabric or C fibre woven material with conductive polymer using electrolyte contg. the dissolved conductive polymer, wherein, (a) electrolyte contains (II) as complex ions or (II) is subsequently introduced introduced into deposited polymer from the electrolyte (b) to form zero-valent metal within structure of conductive polymer, the complex ions are reduced chemically or, by pole-reversal of current direction, electro-chemically such that (II) occurs in the conductive polymer in unclustered form. (2) Fuel cell contains one or more (I) having as anode polymer structure contg. as (II) Pt(o), Pd(o), Ru(o), Ir(o) or Sn(o) and as cathode the polymer structure contg. Ag(o), Pd(o), or Co(o), deposited simultaneously or consecutively.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Partic. for installation in fuel cells to be operated with MeOH. Use of liq. rather than gaseous fuel facilitates sealing and feeding of fuel, max. catalytic effect and electrical conductivity are obtd. with min. internal transition resistances. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Sn-oxide film is patterned by forming a film contg. Sn-sulphide on a substrate, applying a photoresist on the film, etching the film by a photolithographic method using alkaline aq. soln., and heating the film to oxidising it.    USE -   Used for transparent conductive film patterning, used for solar cells, liq. crystal display unit and plasma display unit. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Porous lithium aluminate particles are produced by combining a smaller number of silica particles and a larger number of alumina particles to form larger particles; heating the larger particles in Li-contg. carbonate at 500-1000 deg. C to dissolve the silica particles in the carbonate to form lithium aluminate larger particles with pores; and cooling the larger particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Larger porous lithium aluminate particles having a desired pore size can be obtd. simply. Used to produce an electrolyte plate for molten carbonate fuel cells. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
The holder at least the inside surface of which is composed of a ceramics contg. Si3N4 or sialon as a main component.    USE -   For holder for cpd. moulded prod. of Mn-dry cells, having high wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The holder at least the inside surface of which is composed of a ceramics contg. Si3N4 or sialon as a main component.    USE -   For holder for cpd. moulded prod. of Mn-dry cells, having high wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The holder at least the inside surface of which is composed of a ceramics contg. Si3N4 or sialon as a main component.    USE -   For holder for cpd. moulded prod. of Mn-dry cells, having high wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The appts. has two terminal adaptors (10,12) for the positive and negative battery terminals (6,8). The terminal adaptors each have a connector portion (14) for connecting to the battery terminal. A terminal portion (16) connects to a vehicle lead terminal (18) on an electrical lead (20). The connector portion is a complementary fit for the battery terminal and the terminal portion is a complementary fit for the vehicle lead terminal. The connector is shaped differently to the terminal such that these portions connect in different ways. For a flat battery terminal the connector portion is flat and apertured to receive a nut and bolt (24). The terminal is frustoconical to receive a lead clamp. For a frustoconical battery terminal, the connector portion is a clamp and the terminal portion is an apertured flat plate. The adaptors (10,12) are constituted by screwed together, friction fit or screw held terminal/ connector portions.    ADVANTAGE -   Has different attachments to allow adaptors to fit all types of battery. @(15pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Linear type electron gun appts. comprises a heat source utilising an energy produced by making thermal electrons collide against a given evapn. sample put in a crucible, and magnetic unit to sweep the electron beam to evaporate the sample.    USE -   For effectively heating the surface of a metal work. @(4pp Dwg.No 1/6)@
Linear type electron gun appts. comprises a heat source utilising an energy produced by making thermal electrons collide against a given evapn. sample put in a crucible, and magnetic unit to sweep the electron beam to evaporate the sample.    USE -   For effectively heating the surface of a metal work. @(4pp Dwg.No 1/6)@
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
The contact pt. is of Cu-Cr alloy comprising 1st phase composed of Cr-particles of 10-150 microns, and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and 2nd phase composed of 0.1-5 mm fine Cr particles and Cu-phase surrounding the particles, and in the fine Cr particles in the 2ns phase, Cr-particles having approx. 1/2-1/100 dia. of the fine Cr particles are dispersed in high density.    USE -   For vacuum valves, maintaining generation of re-arcing, having improved reliability. @(5pp Dwg.No.3,4/6)@
The battery comprises collector, anode consisting of conductive high polymer film which is formed closely attaching on the collector, supporting electrolyte, and cathode. The anode comprises polymer film obtd. by chemical oxidn. and polymerization of the 3,4-position asymmetric pyrrole cpd. of formula (I) where R1 = H or methyl, R2 = H, 1-12C alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, and R3 = alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficiency and life of the battery are improved. Tensile strength of the polymer film of the pyrrole cpd. is at least 10 g/mm2. The anode has structure for stirring. @(8pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The connector consists of a plastic moulded casing (1) filled with protective grease. The casing presents two openings (2,3) situated on its bottom surface and its lateral side. The connector engages the terminal of a battery with a ring (4) provided with a threaded metallic tail (6).    The tail is engaged by a sliding U shaped caliper (8) that covers the lateral opening when the connection is made. The caliper is secured in its place by a plastic knob (11) moulded on a steel nut (12).    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents oxidation of terminals. Can be rapidly and easily mounted/dismounted, without any too. Provides improved electrical connectin. @(5pp Dwg. No.1-5/8)@
(A) Prodn. of a flat-sided solid electrolyte housing, for use as an electrode holder in an electrochemical cell, invovles; (a) prepg. a mouldable mixt. contg. solid electrolyte (precursor) particles, a binder with thermoplastic properties and a binder with setting properties; (b) moulding the mixt. to form sheet material; (c) forming the sheet materiala into a flat-sided housing with a pair of major faces connected together along a peripheral edge of the housing; (d) inserting spacers and reinforcements between the major faces before bonding the peripheral edge, the spacers and reinforcements being designed and located to hold the major faces apart and to strengthen the siouting against damage caused by forces which act on the major faces and which tend to press the major faces together; (e) hardening the hardenable binder(s); (f) heating the housing for binder removal; and (g) sintering to form a sintered refractory housing.    (B) a flat-sided solid electrolyte housing, made by the process, is also claimed.    USE -   The housing is useful as an electrode holder in a rechargeable high temp. electrochemical cell, e.g. Na-S cell.
In the process nuclearing fluorine resin, agent for foaming and Freon as foaming agent are mulled in an extruder, and extruded to cover the wire. Pref screw surface or cylinder surface of the extruder is plated with Ni gp plating material, esp Ni-P of 20 micron thickness.    ADVANTAGE -   Appts allows stable long term prodn of the insulated wire because corrosion of screw or cylinder is prevented. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The method comprises contacting H with one electrode of an ionic conductor having catalytic electrodes, and an aromatic cpd. and O2 with the other electrode to obtain a partial oxide of the aromatic cpd. by fuel cell system.    Pref., the method includes making Cu, Fe and/or Sn exist with the aromatic cpd.. The method including that the catalytic electrodes comprise Pd, Pt and/or Au, or its cpd. or a mixt. of them. Pref., the cathode comprises Pd or Au and reaction temp. is (-)5-150 deg.C..    ADVANTAGE -   The method produces a partial oxide of an aromatic cpd., e.g. phenols, quinones, etc., under mild conditions by a direct single step without other auxiliary materials, a lot of by-prods. and danger of explosion. The electric power can be obtd. by the method as required. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Preparing an electrically conductive polymer compsn., having an average particle size of 5 nanometre-1mm (pref. 10 nanometre-1mm), , (a) an electro-conductive polymer as a core with one or more aromatic cpds. and (d) a polymer as a coating (25, pref. 5-15 wt.% of (a+d)), having ammonium, phosphonium or sulphonium gps. in the chain(s).    Followed by oxidative polymerisation of (a) in an aq. or organic reaction diluent in the presence of (b), a polymer having ammonium, phosphonium or sulphonium gps. in the polymer chain(s) and contg. a polydentate anionic complex of the type Cr2O72-, MnO-4 or Fe(CN)63- or pref. S2O82-, which has cross-linked (b) and has a redox potential sufficient for polymerisation of (a).    Polymer (b), 0.01-40 wt.% of reaction diluent, has an average particle size of 5 nanometre-1mm, and is dispersed in the reaction diluent.    USE ADVANTAGE -   The polymer compsn. is used for preparing films or coatings or as a filler for polymers. The coatings or free-standby films can be used as an electrical conductor or semi-conductor, as an electrode etc. @(24pp Dwg.No.0/0)
This invention relates to a method of producing a thin film comprising transporting ions in the direction of the thickness of a thin film in the course of the formation thereof and reacting the ions transported up to one surface of the thin film with a gas present in a reactor, where the rate of film formation is enhanced by removing electric charges built up on the surface of the film through a plasma formed in front of the film while applying an internal electric field in the direction of the thickness of the film. This thin film is applicable as an ion-conductive thin film of a solid electrolyte fuel cell. @(Dwg.No.1/1)@
Composite tape or multilayer ceramic, wherein layers sinter at different rates, sinters at 1300 deg.C to form layer of stabilized zirconia of 95% density and layer(s) of (i) lanthanum manganite (LN) with up to 70% density or (ii) strontium lanthanum manganite (SLM) with 50-60% density; there is no significant Mn migration into Zr02 layer. Mfr. is from (1) LM or SLM powder which is agglomerated by presintering and then crushed to pass 53 micron and (2) small particle size, stabilized zirconia powder. Components are formed into individual slurries and cast to form composite by one of (1) forming SLM or LM tape on moulding surface and then forming ZrO2 tape on 1st tape, (2) forming composite as in (1) and folding to form central ZrO2 layer, (3) following procedure of (1) and forming 2nd layer of LSM either by direct casting on to ZrO2 layer or by forming separate layer and laminating thereon or (4) forming each layer separately on moulding surface and laminating. Each tape is dried and cured at each stage and laminates are pressed as necessary. @(14pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Method and appts, for using solar energy to produce hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water, in which the method comprises (a) providing a reactor vessel having first and second chambers; (b) placing an electrolytic soln. in the first and second chambers (c) placing an anode in the first chamber and a cathode in the second chamber; (d) connecting the anode and the cathode electrically; (e) producing a solar-induced laser beam by directing sunlight onto a solar-pumped laser; (f) multiplying the frequency of the laser beam to the UV freq.; and (g) direction the frequency-multiplied uv light onto the anode and the cathode where oxygen is produced at the anode and hydrogen is produced at the cathode.    ADVANTAGE -   The efficiency of the photo-electrolysis process is greatly increased, thereby making the production of hydrogen and oxygen a much more economically feasible process than has been possible previously, the hydrogen and oxygen produced being quite pure, and their prodn. is accomplished without generation of heat in measurable quantities and without harmful by-products.
(JP2215054-A)      Sealing material compsn. for cable, is mixt. of 100 wt. parts hydrophobic sealing basis material, 0.1-50 wt. parts water absorbing resin (A) and at least 0.1 wt. part cpd. (B) having general formula R2X-(-R1-X-)-n-R3 (1) where X=0 or N-R4, R1=alkylene group of 2-4C, R2,R3,R4=independently H or monovalent organic gp., and n=an 1-10,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is applied to optical cable, with high water swelling rate as it immediately stops aq. fluid penetrating the cable.
Sealing material compsn. for cable, is mixt. of 100 wt. parts hydrophobic sealing basis material, 0.1-50 wt. parts water absorbing resin (A) and at least 0.1 wt. part cpd. (B) having general formula R2X-(-R1-X-)-n-R3 (1) where X=0 or N-R4, R1=alkylene group of 2-4C, R2,R3,R4=independently H or monovalent organic gp., and n=an 1-10,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is applied to optical cable, with high water swelling rate as it immediately stops aq. fluid penetrating the cable. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Sealing material compsn. for cable, is mixt. of 100 wt. parts hydrophobic sealing basis material, 0.1-50 wt. parts water absorbing resin (A) and at least 0.1 wt. part cpd. (B) having general formula R2X-(-R1-X-)-n-R3 (1) where X=0 or N-R4, R1=alkylene group of 2-4C, R2,R3,R4=independently H or monovalent organic gp., and n=an 1-10,000.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The compsn. is applied to optical cable, with high water swelling rate as it immediately stops aq. fluid penetrating the cable. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Image is displayed on a sheet using a screen tone. The image can be erased, changed or moved dynamically or fixed by using a control unit.    USE -   For video tapes, floppy discs and video films. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
A device for treatment by ion beam comprises a vaccum container contg discharge gas and treated matter, hot cathodefor discharing electron into the container by heating, an electrode for accerelating ion in plasma by supplying power, auxilliary electrode for changing speed of the ion corresponding to voltage level of supplied power, power source for outputting power for decerelating, and a switching mechanism for supplying power to either accerelating power or decerelating power to the auxilliary electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Since inner wall of vacuum container can be washed without arranging partic ion source for washing cost of the device can be reduced.@(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A device for treatment by ion beam comprises a vaccum container contg discharge gas and treated matter, hot cathodefor discharing electron into the container by heating, an electrode for accerelating ion in plasma by supplying power, auxilliary electrode for changing speed of the ion corresponding to voltage level of supplied power, power source for outputting power for decerelating, and a switching mechanism for supplying power to either accerelating power or decerelating power to the auxilliary electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Since inner wall of vacuum container can be washed without arranging partic ion source for washing cost of the device can be reduced.@(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A device for treatment by ion beam comprises a vaccum container contg discharge gas and treated matter, hot cathodefor discharing electron into the container by heating, an electrode for accerelating ion in plasma by supplying power, auxilliary electrode for changing speed of the ion corresponding to voltage level of supplied power, power source for outputting power for decerelating, and a switching mechanism for supplying power to either accerelating power or decerelating power to the auxilliary electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Since inner wall of vacuum container can be washed without arranging partic ion source for washing cost of the device can be reduced.@(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The wire has coating of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% ethylene and 35-65 mol% tetrafluoroethylene. M100 value of the coating at 320 deg. C is 1.5-27 kg/cm2, and tensile elongation of it is at least 50%.    Crosslinking agent of at least one of triallylisocyanurate and triallylcyanurate is added to the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% of ethylene and 35-65 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene before forming process or during forming process of the copolymer. Then the copolymer is crosslinked by irradiation.    ADVANTAGE -   Properties of the electric wire are improved. @(5pp)
The wire has coating of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% ethylene and 35-65 mol% tetrafluoroethylene. M100 value of the coating at 320 deg. C is 1.5-27 kg/cm2, and tensile elongation of it is at least 50%.    Crosslinking agent of at least one of triallylisocyanurate and triallylcyanurate is added to the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylenee copolymer consisting of 35-65 mol% of ethylene and 35-65 mol% of tetrafluoroethylene before forming process or during forming process of the copolymer. Then the copolymer is crosslinked by irradiation.    ADVANTAGE -   Properties of the electric wire are improved. @(5pp)
A battery (8) has a cell series (9) sharing a common earth (10
System for automatic adjusting central axis of electron beam including an electron gun, a device for adjusting central axis of the beam by applying Lorentz force to the beam and a device for detecting amount of coincidence of central axis of the beam with central axis of electro-optical system further includes device for judging whether alignment is obtd. and for outputting signal when alignment is not obtd. and a device for controlling the alignment in response to the signal.    ADVANTAGE -   Central axis of electron beam can be adjusted automatically in transition period. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/5)@
System for automatic adjusting central axis of electron beam including an electron gun, a device for adjusting central axis of the beam by applying Lorentz force to the beam and a device for detecting amount of coincidence of central axis of the beam with central axis of electro-optical system further includes device for judging whether alignment is obtd. and for outputting signal when alignment is not obtd. and a device for controlling the alignment in response to the signal.    ADVANTAGE -   Central axis of electron beam can be adjusted automatically in transition period. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/5)@
System for automatic adjusting central axis of electron beam including an electron gun, a device for adjusting central axis of the beam by applying Lorentz force to the beam and a device for detecting amount of coincidence of central axis of the beam with central axis of electro-optical system further includes device for judging whether alignment is obtd. and for outputting signal when alignment is not obtd. and a device for controlling the alignment in response to the signal.    ADVANTAGE -   Central axis of electron beam can be adjusted automatically in transition period. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/5)@
System for automatic adjusting central axis of electron beam including an electron gun, a device for adjusting central axis of the beam by applying Lorentz force to the beam and a device for detecting amount of coincidence of central axis of the beam with central axis of electro-optical system further includes device for judging whether alignment is obtd. and for outputting signal when alignment is not obtd. and a device for controlling the alignment in response to the signal.    ADVANTAGE -   Central axis of electron beam can be adjusted automatically in transition period. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/5)@
The improved mfg. process makes a continuous tapered grid strip (6) with a lug strip along the wider edge in conventional equipment (2). Coiling (8, 10, 12), aging, uncoiling (20) and pasting according to intended polarity follow. The strip (6) goes between profiling rollers which overpaste and groove.    The strip (6) is coiled, cured in improved appts. and uncoiled. Grids of different widths may be punched from the strip and lugs left attached by removingm unwanted portions of the lug strip.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Lighter and more efficient batteries for automobile. Uses less labour-intensive methods.
Alkali cell having a zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a catnodic material comprises 0.001-1.0 wt.% of cpd. expressed equation (I) is added to 100 wt.% of the zinc alloy powders. (where R = remains atomic gp. of H is subtracted from aliphatic hydrocarbon.) Opt. catnode activator of 0.001-1.0 wt.% cpd. of formula (I) is coated on 100 wt.% of the Zinc alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell has improved property, since H2 generation is restrained at up to 0.2 wt.% Hg to zinc alloy powders. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
The cathode material comprises an electrolyte and a zinc alloy powder with an additive of formula (I) where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, (I) is added in amt. 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for Cu alkaline cell. Generation of hydrogen gas is suppressed at low Hg content of up to 0.2 wt%. Cell capability is improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
The cathode material comprises an electrolyte and a zinc alloy powder with an additive of formula (I) where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, (I) is added in amt. 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for Cu alkaline cell. Generation of hydrogen gas is suppressed at low Hg content of up to 0.2 wt%. Cell capability is improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
The battery monitoring appts. includes an inductive coil (70), located close to a battery negative plate (74) driven by a variable frequency oscillator (72) which generates eddy currents within the plate (74) dependent on the proportion of metallic conductive constituents present i.e. the battery's state of charge.    The coils (70) frequency varies dependent on the eddy current's induced by the coil (70) to give resonance and a frequency to voltage convertor (76) gives a charge state sensing output (78) which controls the battery charging.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Oxygen recombination batteries. E.g. for vehicle, standby systems, etc. Allows one charging system design for all operating conditions. @(10pp Dwg.No.7/8)@
The fuel cell unit has one fuel cell (10) connected in series or parallel and uses a carrier plate (2) of a porous material incorporating a number of internal hollow spaced (3), supporting the fuel cells (10) on 2 opposite sides. The electrical connections between the fuel cells (10) are provided by conductor layers (14) applied to the surface of the carrier plate (2).    Pref. the carrier plate (2) comprises a corrosion-resistant ceramics material with a thermal expansion coefficient of 10x10 power(-6) per degree or 11x10 power(-6) per degree at a temp. of 1000 degrees C.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows number of fuel cells to be easily adjusted. @(14pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
The level indicator for an automobile fuel tank has a float (3) displaced along a vertical guide sleeve (2) providing an electrical resistance path, contacted via a sliding contact (8) attached to the float (3). The guide sleeve (2) comprises a wound pipe (4) fitted with a contact carrier (5) for a linear contact path (6) at one side, adjacent the sliding contact (8) attached to the float (3). Pref. the contact path (6) fits into an open groove (10) along the side face of the contact carrier (5).    ADVANTAGE -   Robust indicator unaffected by vibration. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/2)
Storage battery has an inverted U-shaped cover with open ends and which is sufficiently flexible to allow flattening without adversely affecting its structural integrity. Pref. the cover is sufficiently resilient to return to its original shape even when flattened for a long time. The cover material can be low density polyethylene.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Car batteries. Provides a protective shield which prevents travel of acid spray if the battery explodes, but which is flattenable by a car bonnet to minimise space taken up by the cover. @(6pp Dwg.No.2/4)@
Hydrocarbon or alcohol is supplied to denaturing reactor, where the fuel is denatured with steam to denatured gas contg. high concn. of hydrogen that is then sent to fuel cell. When the system is out of motion, inter purge gas is supplied to denaturing reactor in reverse direction to running time, and purges the residual combustible gas in the system. The system is equipped with reverse flow piping system of purge gas, temp. sensor that detects the temp. change of the catalyst in the denaturing reactor that is caused by the completion of the redn. of catalyst, controller that switches the valves on and off.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used in the fuel cell electric generating system and is applicable to the redn./ of denaturing catalyst that is oxidised by the small amt. of oxygen in the purge gas in the urin rOCS. ThOXiiS CtYSl iS rnCr fficinlly in short time. The appts. is minimised. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) consisting of polyethyleneoxide(PEO) and/or its ether and alkali metal salt of perfluoro hydrocarbon sulphonate. The PEO consists of PEO with larger mol. wt. and PEO with smaller mol. wt..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as an ion conductor for electrochemical devices like solid state batteries, electrochromic displays, fuel cells, or ion or gas sensors. The SPE has a higher ionic conductivity, a higher mechanical strength, and a good workability.    In an example, a soln. was prepd. by mixing 1 wt.% polyethylene glycol with 13000 mol. wt., 1.0 wt.% tetraethylene glycol, 0.4 wt.% lithium trifluoromethane sulphonate, and 97.6 wt.% water; the soln. was cast on a glass plate and dried to form a lithium ion conductive SPE with 20000 ohm.cm resistivity. @(3pp DWg.No.0/0)
Solid polymer electrolyte composite consists of perfluorosulphonate polymer and/or its salt and polyethylene glycol and/or its ether.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used as an ion conductor for electrochemical devices like batteries, electrochromic displays, fuel cells, or ion or gas sensors. The composite has a lower resistance for ionic conduction. The resistance is less dependent on humidity.    In an example, 'Nafion'(RTN, perfluorosulphonate polymer, Du Pont Corp.) was ion-exchanged with Li ions; the polymer was dissolved in 5 wt.% in a 1:1 mixed soln. of iso- and n-propanol; 10 pts. wt. of tetraethylene-glycoldimethylether and 4 pts. wt. of lithium perfluoromethanesulphonate (w.r.t. 100 pts. wt. of the polymer) were mixed with the soln.; the mixt. was cast on a plate with Au electrodes and dried. @(4pp DWg.No.1/1)@
The cover comprises a flexible surface, a rigid back plate, and a cushion layer of foaming material provided between the surface and the back plate. The surface has a step along its periphery.    USE -   Leak of foaming material can be prevented. Applicable to the cover of the globe box, console box, etc. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/3)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The conductive tin oxide is mfd. by contacting tin oxide with 10-40 vol.% F2 gas in inert atmos. at 300-600 deg. C in order to dope tin oxide with F.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Conductive SnO2 free from toxic Sb is obtd.    In an example, 8.5g of SnO2 is packed in a cylindrical reactor, purged with N2 gas, contacted with 140 cc/min of F2/M2 gas (F2:N2=10:90) for 40 min and purged with N2 gas. It is then moulded. Specific resistance is 5x10 power 4 ohm 2.cm. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes). @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
(JP2195653-A)      Electrolyte gelatinizer for Mn dry cell comprises sulphonic- and/or ionic-water absorbing resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful for all types of Mn dry cell.    In an example, an electrolyte gelatiniser is prepd. by mixing 100 pt. of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide and 300 pts. of water, mixt. charged in closed vessel under nitrogen at 10 deg.C, 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium persulphate and 2 pts. of 0.5% sodium hydrogen sulphite are added in it and polymerised to gelation, dried at 170 deg.C, pulverised to under 100 mesh of sulphonic water absorbing resin. Gelated material is prepd. by mixing 100 pts. of resin, 3 pts. of PVA as binder, 25 pts. of zinc chloride gp. electrolyte and 100 pts. of water. Seperator is prepd. by coating gelated material onto face of kraft paper at rate of 30 g/sq.m., and dried. Paper lined type Mn dry cell is fabricated using separater. Test of cell held for 6 months at 50 deg.C shows no leakage of electrolyte is found. Discharge test of cell after held for 6 months at 45 deg.C with 2 ohm load shows continuous discharge time is 430 minutes (as fabricated 440 minutes).
A phosphoric acid fuel cell, rendered corrosion resistant by a coating of Cr-fluorocarbon composite, comprises an H2-oxidn. anode and O2-reduction cathode which are externally electrically connected and contact an H3PO4 electrolyte impregnated in a matrix, and corrosion-prone ducts for supplying an H2-rich gas, O2, and removing prod. water from the cathode. The ducts are coated with a Cr-fluorocarbon composite, comprising a layer of pore (16)-contg. Cr (10) plated onto duct surfaces (14) and a perfluoroalkoxy polymer (18) filling the pores (16), which protects the ducts from the H3PO4 and adheres well to the surface. Also claimed is a method of generating electricity in a corrosion-resistant fuel cell as above, with the H2 being oxidised at the anode to give H+, which flows to the cathode, and electrons into the external circuit, and the O2 being reduced at the cathode. The fuel cell is subject to thermally induced duct expansion and contraction cycles when reactant supply is periodically terminated, and the coating protects the ducts from corrosion during such cycles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A corrosion-resistant phosphoric acid fuel cell and method of generating electricity with this cell (claimed) are provided. Duct corrosion caused by the acid is prevented, even during thermal expansion and contraction cycles, and fuel cell reliability is increased. Also cheaper materials may be used for the ducts and manifolds. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
(JP2192665-A)      High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K.
High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/9)@
High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/9)@
High temp. superconductor thin film contg. alkaline earth metal as constituent is formed on a substrate by coating the thin film on the substrate, immersing it in water and heat treating it.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The constituent of the superconductor thin film is precisely controlled by immersing it in water, for alkaline earth metal to be dissolved.    In an example, BiSrCaCuOx thin film is formed on the substrate by RF magnetron sputtering method, immersed in water at 20 deg.C for 1 hr. and treated at 840 deg.C for 1 hr.. The obtd. thin film shows 83K of Tc, while that without the immersing treatment shows 76K. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/9)@
Process consists of the first stage annealing of the wafer consisting of cpd. semiconductor mono-crystal by holding in the vacuum quartz amble at temp. exceeding 1100 deg.C below melting point for over 30 minutes, cooling to room temp. at a lowering temp. 1-30 deg.C/min. etching, second stage annealing holding at over 750 deg.C below 1100 deg.C over 20 min. and cooling to the room temp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process can mfr. wafers of even cathode luminescence and having very few fine defects due to etching. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/2)@
Oxide superconducting thick film is made by forming layer contg. Ag-oxide powder on substrate, applying coating for oxide superconducting thick film on the Ag-oxide contg. layer and sintering.    USE -   For forming oxide superconducting thick film having improved critical current density and film strength. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Oxygen ion conductor comprises a sintered compact contg. rare earth elements, Ba, Cu, and (O), having fired in non-oxidising atmos..    USE -   For sensors, and storage batteries, as electrochemical devices. @(6pp)
A conducting member is slidably engaged with a handle, having a first end operatively securable to an electrical cable, and a second end extending from the handle. A contact surface is disposed at the second end of the conducting member, the contact surface facing the handle and being operative to engage a first portion of a battery terminal.    A spring is arranged for operatively engaging the handle and the conducting member, for resisting the longitudinally outward movement of the conducting member relative to the handle. A bearing surface engages a second portion of the battery terminal the bearing surface opposing the contact surface and being moveable with the handle. The spring comprises a coiled compression spring.    USE -   Electrical clamp for releasably securing an automatotive electrical cable to a battery terminal. @(5pp Dwg.No. 2/4)@
The C0 conversion reactor comprises a casing having a water vapour reforming gas inlet at one end plate and reformed gas outlet at the other end plate, and cooling pipe set in the casing charged with a conversion catalyst.    USE -   For feeding H-rich gases into fuel cells. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
Water cooled CO conversion reactor for fuel cells -comprises a water spray nozzle disposed near an inlet of the reactor charged with a conversion catalyst, and temp. sensor disposed near an outlet of the reactor, so that the water spray rate is controlled according to the temp. of the catalyst.    USE -   For feeding H-rich gas into fuel cells. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
An oxide superconducting form has an oxide superconducting layer, at least on one side of which a precious metal layer and/or inorganic substance layer are formed, on a matrix in which the precious metal layer of the inorganic substance layer is in contact with the matrix.    USE -   For wire material, cables, wiring circuit boards, or electric or electronic components, preventing ingress of deleterious elements from the matrix having controlled crystal orientation of the superconductor, and good superconducting characteristics. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/4)@@.
An oxide superconducting form has an oxide superconducting layer, at least on one side of which a precious metal layer and/or inorganic substance layer are formed, on a matrix in which the precious metal layer of the inorganic substance layer is in contact with the matrix.    USE -   For wire material, cables, wiring circuit boards, or electric or electronic components, preventing ingress of deleterious elements from the matrix having controlled crystal orientation of the superconductor, and good superconducting characteristics. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/4)@@.
An oxide superconducting form has an oxide superconducting layer, at least on one side of which a precious metal layer and/or inorganic substance layer are formed, on a matrix in which the precious metal layer of the inorganic substance layer is in contact with the matrix.    USE -   For wire material, cables, wiring circuit boards, or electric or electronic components, preventing ingress of deleterious elements from the matrix having controlled crystal orientation of the superconductor, and good superconducting characteristics.
A solid state polymer electrolyte comprises at least a salt of an electrolyte (1) and a polymer matrix contg. a main chain of a poly-amino acid (2), having a helical structure and a side chain of a copolymer (3) of ethyleneoxide and propyleneoxide.    (1) is pref. Li, Na, K or (butyl)4N(+) or (ethyl)4N(+) salts of SCN(-), Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), BR4(-), PF6(-), AsF6(-) and ClO4(-). (2) is polyglutamic acid. (3) is a block copolymer of ethyleneoxide (a) and propyleneoxide (b), where (a) accelerates dissociation and (b) lowers crystallinity of (a), where (a):(b) = 30/1-8/5.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solid state polymer electrolyte for electrical cell, condenser, EC element and sensor, and a composite electrode compounding a conductive polymer on the surface or inner part of the electrode. It exhibits high ion conductivity, good film making properties and high strength. @(10pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
A solid state polymer electrolyte comprises at least a salt of an electrolyte (1) and a polymer matrix contg. a main chain of a poly-amino acid (2), having a helical structure and a side chain of a copolymer (3) of ethyleneoxide and propyleneoxide.    (1) is pref. Li, Na, K or (butyl)4N(+) or (ethyl)4N(+) salts of SCN(-), Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), BR4(-), PF6(-), AsF6(-) and ClO4(-). (2) is polyglutamic acid. (3) is a block copolymer of ethyleneoxide (a) and propyleneoxide (b), where (a) accelerates dissociation and (b) lowers crystallinity of (a), where (a):(b) = 30/1-8/5.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Solid state polymer electrolyte for electrical cell, condenser, EC element and sensor, and a composite electrode compounding a conductive polymer on the surface or inner part of the electrode. It exhibits high ion conductivity, good film making properties and high strength. @(10pp Dwg.No.0/1)@
(A) a fuel cell assembly comprises at least one planar fuel cell, consisting of a solid oxide electrolyte sandwiched by an anode and a cathode, and at least two gas separators with gas passages for supplying anode gas and cathode gas to the anode and cathode, the cell(s) and the separators being arranged on top of one another to form the assembly.    Each separator, except the uppermost separator, is integrated at its periphery with an upstanding side wall spaced from the adjacent overlying separator to form a space which surrounds the superposed fuel cell and which is filled with a non-conductive highly viscous melt. (B) Also claimed are similar fuel cell assemblies in which (i) each separator has, at one or both surfaces, grooves and a gas chamber with inner anode or cathode gas collector lines integrated in the separator, each groove being formed between the gas chamber and the inner cathode or anode gas feed or discharge collector line, the gas being different from that flowing through the gas chamber, so that the groove communicates with the space and is filled with the melt.    ADVANTAGE -   The assemblies have improved gas-tightness and the fuel cells have long term stable electrical characteristics.
Porous metal material is obtd. by sintering curly short fibres of metal. Fibres for use are those most pref., 1 mm or less in length, which are semicircular in shape. Curly fibres are obtd. by grinding the surface of a soft metal in a non-oxidising atmos., e.g. Fe, Cu, A1, Pb, Zn, Sn, Ni, Cr, Pt, Ag, Au, Mg, and their alloys inclusive of stainless steel. The grinder is operated at the rotary speed of 500 -2000 m/min, and the rate of advance is pref. controlled to 3 - 30 m/min. Sintering pref. is effected at a temp. lower than the prior art, i.e., at 1000 - 1100 deg.C.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides a porous metal sintering having high porosity, useful as cushion material, heat and noise absorbers, filtering material, gas-permeable material, etc. @(7pp Dwg.No.5/6)@
Piezoelectric ceramic material comprises PbO, TiO2, Nd2O3, and MnO2, with part of the Nd2O3 being replaced by oxide of at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba. The material pref. has a raw material compsn. comprising 42.3-49 mol % PbO, 46-53 mol % TiO2, 2-10 mol % Nd2O3 and oxide of at least one of Ca, Sr, and Ba, and 0.05-2.0 mol % MnO2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Partic. for piezoelectric transducers having excellent characteristics. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/0)
HIghly radioactive absorber rods in bundles (clusters) are prepd. for final storge.    Appts. includes a cluster of rods moved from fuel enclosure to a transfer container. The transfer container is located coaxially in a fixed position and the cluster is cut up in the transfer container and the pieces are collected in a special container without the escape of radioactivity
The fuel cell has channel walls that support divider plates formed with ribs and U-section channels. The channel walls serve as guides for the oxygen carrier, e.g. air, which is directed vertically and then across the surface of the plates. A further channel is provided for the gaseous fuel, e.g. CH4.    The fuel cell element has a solid electrolyte (15) of Zr.O2, an oxygen electrode (16) and a fuel electrode of Ni/Zr.O2 Cermet (17). The fuel cell elements are located on the surface of the divider plates (8) with channels for the gas flows (11,13).    ADVANTAGE -   Compact construction, offering efficient energy conversion. @(13pp Dwg.No.4/8)@
The sec. cell battery has improved high current, cold operating performance by using an expander. This is provided by using a lignin - contg. base substance mixed with the active mass of the positive electrode.    During the cyclic operation of the battery the lignin derivative is released. The base material of the substance is produced of an organic material, such as straw, corn or wood, in small quantities and with a defined particle size.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved cold start characteristic.
The fuel cell power plant comprises a fuel cell, including an anode and a cathode for electrochemically reacting a fuel stream and a first oxidant stream to reduce electricity, an anode exhaust stream and a cathode exhaust stream. An air stream is diluted with cathode exhaust to provide a second oxidant stream. A burner combusts a mixture of the anode exhaust stream and the second oxidant stream to produce heat and a burner exhaust stream.    The burner exhaust stream has an oxygen content. The oxygen content of the burner exhaust stream can be sensed. Responsive to the senor, the mass flow rate of the air stream is controlled to maintain the oxygen content of the burner exhaust within a preselected range.    USE -   For direct conversion of fuel chemical energy into electricity.
Fuel cell comprises: a stack of cell elements (1); separator elements (5) of conductive material having a first segments channel (31) bored through the peripheral region; and seals (40) formed of two conductive rings (42,43) sandwiching an insulating ring (44) with a second segment channel (41) bored through each seal.    Each conductive ring is joined to the adjacent separator so that the first and second segment channels connect to define a manifold for the intake and exhaust of gas from the cells.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As eg a molten carbonate fuel cell stack. Arrangement prevents gas in the manifold from leaking out and provides insulation between adjacent separator elements. @(20pp dwg.No.1/25)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) is is thermally treated in Pb or PbO vapour atmosphere to crystalize the film restricting the evaporation of Pb in the film. Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O oxide superconductor thin film mfd by sputtering or vaporation is thermally treated at the coexistence of powder or sintered material of that with Pb added to it (Pb:Bi=5-30:100) to be crystallised.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of Pb is protected by this method. @(9pp Dwg.No.0/4)@
Battery generating water and the steam remaining after being used for reforming hydrocarbons are recovered and treated in a system comprising a water tank, a filter, a de-carbonising tower and a mixed bed made of anionic and cationic resins, so that it can be re-used. The recovered water and the steam are firstly treated with cation after removing equipment, then treated with the water tank, the filter, the de-carbonising tower and the mixed bed.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Metal ions contained in the recovered water and steam are removed before metal clad is generated, so that the metal clad sent into the battery cooling water system is decreased. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Flexible metal foil clad laminate of a heat resistant polymer layer is held between double layers of metal foil. The heat resistant resistant polymer layer consists of at least three layers, two layers of contact with metal foil layer allows welding with metal foil by hot press.,and the heat resistant polymer layer is symmetrical to thickness direction at centre plane. Opt. prepn. of the laminate by lamination process etc.    EMBODIMENT: Polyamide soln.-A (18% dimethylacetoamide soln., rotational viscocity = 10,000 cps.) is coated on 35 microns thick Cu foil as the first polyimide layer, polyimide soln.-B (19% dimethylacetoamide soln., rotational viscocity = 10,000 cps.) is coated on it as the second polyimide layer, polymide soln.-A is coated on it as the third polyimide layer to form 67 microns thick thick laminate, cut to 250cm x 50cm, combined with the Cu foil and hot pressed at 250 deg C with 50kg/sq.cm press. to form 100 microns thick both face flexible metal clad lamimate (FMCL)    USE/ADVANTAGE -   : The laminate is suitable for flexible print circuit substrate without wrinkle, twist and undulation.@(11pp Dwg.No. 0/2)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
(219056,242517,248093,252519/20, 282134 283095-US-3.9.87, 29.9.87,2.10.87,8.10.87(2) 10.11.87,11.11.87). New sheet electrode comprises a high mol material active substrance and a current collector. The high mol material active substance is aniline polymer. The current collector is roughened sheet aluminium. The aniline polymer is covered with conductive high mol material or solid electrode.    The sheet electrode is mfd by electrolytically polymerising anilin -e cpd in the presence of acid whose PKa is -2.5 - 2.5. In a new cell the new sheet electrodes are used as positive pole.    USE -   A sheet electrode is mfd and a sec cell is mfd using it.@(19 @(19pp Dwg.No.1-3/19)@
Process is described for mfg. a superconductive thin film structure comprising an Al2O3 substrate supporting a Bi-contg. superconductor oxide thin film incorporating therebetween a thin film buffer layer of at least one Y-type metal or oxide.    The process comprises (1) forming on an Al2O3 substrate, the buffer thin film; (2) annealing the thin film; and (3) forming a thin film of a Bi-base oxide and annealing.    Also claimed is a process as above, only that the buffer layer comprises a La-type metal or oxide.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Provides a superconductor having high Tc on a low cost Al2O3 substrate. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/1)
Cpds. contg. one or more F atoms, sulpho radicals and phosphono radicals, each radical being bonded to same or different C, with the proviso that at least one sulpho and at least one phosphono are bonded to the C through the S or P atom respectively, are new. Cpds. of formula ((R2O)2P(O))y R(SOrR1)x (I) where R = organo having at least one covalent C-F bond; R1 = alkali metal, Cd, Zn, H; R2 = lower alkyl or H; r = 2 or 3; x and y = 1-3, with the proviso that the P and S are covalently bonded to a C and when x = 1, then Cd and Zn are 1/2.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cpds. are useful as replacements for perfluoro sulphonic acids, as electrolytes or additives to phosphoric acid electrolytes, in hydrocarbon/air fuel cells. They are non-polymeric and have mol.wts. of about 5000 or less. @(27pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The power generation system comprises a cell stack including alternately piled up fuel cell elements and separator plates, each fuel cell element having an anode electrode, an electrolyte and a cathode electrode. A reforming plate partially reforms fuel gas to anode gas interposed between arbitrary adjacent separator plates instead of the cell element. A second reformer assembly reforms and remainder of the fuel gas to the anode gas, the second reformer assembly including several plate type second reformers. An intermediate holder is interposed between the cell stack and the second reformer assembly as they are piled up.    An upper and a lower holder sandwich the cell stack. The intermediate holder and the second reformer assembly hold them as one unit, gas passages are formed withinthe cell stack, the second reformer assembly, and the intermediate, the upper and the lower holders.@(14pp Dwg.No.1/8)@
The towing piezoelectric cable has a piezoelectric layer (2). An external electrode (3) is provided on the piezoelectric layer. An internal layer (1) serving as a core wire is provided in the piezoelectric layer. The piezoelectric layer comprises organic material or a piezoelectric organic ceramic complex. The core wire comprises a shape memory alloy. The cable is heated, using electromagnetic heating to provide the shape memory alloy with memory reversion.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The towing piezoelectric cable is used for receiving an acoustic wave generated in sea water and is suitable for marine earthquake survey or fish finding. The cable has no curling tendency when the cable is wound on a winch, decreases flow noise, and has a significantly improved signal to noise ratio. @(5pp Dwg.No 1,2/10)@
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
(JP2162654-A)      Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses.
Linear temp. fuse is made by fitting a spacer comprising shape memory alloy, of which original shape is expanded dia. form, onto a pair of straight line lead wires. At the interface of each lead wire a low m.pt. metal wire segment was cemented, in a shrinkage dia. form of the spacer. The low m.pt. metal wire segment was housed into an insulating cylinder by having the cylinder run on the lead wire. The dia. of the spacer was expanded by heating, to have the lead wire supported in the cylinder.    USE -   For disposing fuse element at the centre of an insulating cylinder assurely, obtaining constant quality linear temp. fuses. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Reforming of fuels for fuel cells in which the raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst and steam-reformed to H-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells. Heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube such that by adding O or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer so as to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and using as reforming catalysts those in which Rh is supported on porous catalyst supports made of heat-resisting inorganic substances contg. as a principal component a single substance such as zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and aluminium oxide or their mixtures.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The raw material gases contg. hydrocarbons as principal componetns can be steam-reformed to H-enriched gases for fuel cells efficiently by heating the reforming catalyst layer internally by partial oxidn. of hydrocarbons and using highly active Rh/ZrO2 catalysts at low temps.
The raw material gases which are to be reformed and contain hydrocarbons as principal components are supplied to the reaction tube of a fuel reformer filled with a reforming catalyst, and reformed to hydrogen-enriched reformed gases for fuel cells by heating externally the reforming catalyst layer of the reaction tube. Method comprises adding oxygen or air to the raw material gases at the entrance to the reforming catalyst layer to heat internally the reforming catalyst layer by partial oxidn. of the raw material hydrocarbons and at the same time heating externally the reforming catalyst layer through catalytic combustion of low calorie gases which contain the off-gas from the fuel cells as principal components.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The low calorie offgas from the fuel cells can be combusted stably through catalytic combustion. Heat is supplemented internally by the partial oxidn. which takes place in the catalyst layer of the reaction tube. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)
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The current tap consists of an approximately U-shaped clamp with a curved base and two opposing orifices, one located near the free end of each arm, to allow the passage of a bolt with a locknut. The current tap is characterised by the clamp mouth being partly blocked by a cross-piece projecting from the inner surface of one of the arms, and by the presence of a slight internal thickening on the opposing arm opposite the cross-piece. The internal surfaces of the cross-piece and the thickening are oriented toward the base of the U, have the same curvature as the base, and define a slightly tapering, truncated cone with axial openings.    Externally the cross-piece is bounded by a flat surface perpendicular to the arm from which it projects, and with which it forms a 90 deg. dihedral angle enclosed on one side by a wall perpendicular to the line of intersection of the angle.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be coupled to traditional terminals and allows correction of washer shaped current tap cable connectors. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The corrosion resistant material comprises 50-90 wt.% Cr and Ni.    USE -   Used for containers (electrolytic cell) for housing anode and cathode active materials of fused carbonate type fuel cells. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The alkali battery contains zinc alloy powder and the electrolyte. A cpd. of formula (I) and/or (II), 0.001 - 1.0 wt. part, is added to or coated on the zinc alloy powder, 100 wt. part, to form a negative material. CnF2n+1-(CH2)x-O-(CH2CH2O)y-C(O)-R (I) Cn'F2n'+1-(CH2)x'-O-(CH2 C(CH3)HO)y'-C(O)R' (II) where n, n', x, x', y and y' = at least 1; R, and R' = same or different at atomic gp. removed one H from aliphatic hydrocarbon.    The zinc alloy powder pref. includes at least one of lead, aluminium, indium, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, tin, gallium, nickel, or silver.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The negative active material is used for an alkali battery. Adding the cpd. of formula (I) and/or (II) to the zinc alloy powder dramatically reduces the generation of hydrogen gas even if silver content to the zinc alloy powder is reduced to up to 0.2 wt.% and improves battery performance. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Slurry comprises water, inorganic fine powder, and high polymer cpd. of at least 20000 average molecular wt., obtd. by reaction of dihydroxy cpd. having at least 1000 average molecular wt. which is made from organic cpd. having two active hydrogen gps. and alkylene oxide contg. ethylene oxide by addn. and polymerisation, with polyvalent carboxylic acid, its anhydride, or its lower alkyl ester.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Slurry for formation of coating film in tube lamp is used for fluorescent lamp. Thermal decomposition property of the slurry and strength of the applied film and improved.    In an example, ethylene oxide was reacted by addn. with polyethylene glycol to make its molecular wt. 25000. Then dimethyl terephthalic acid was added to obtain high molecular wt. cpd. of 220000 average molecular wt. 10 pts. of 3% aq. soln. of the cpd. was mixed with 10 pts. of calcium halosulphate to prepare the slurry. The slurry was applied inside the glass tube, and dired at 80 deg.C, then heated at 350 deg.C to remove the high molecular wt. cpd. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
An arrangement of fuel cells, based on a high temp. solid electrolyte of stabilised zirconia, for maximising the power/space ratio, comprises a stack of series-connected flat fuel cell elements (1-3), the oxygen electrode (2) of each element being connected to the fuel electrode (3) of the subsequent element by an electrically conductive component (4), pref. a bipolar plate of metallic, ceramic or cermet material.    ADVANTAGE -   The design allows mass prodn. of fuel cell arrangements with max. power/space ratio, faultless series-connection of the cells and good current transfer between adjacent cells with minimal losses, and allows block-wise assembly to form large power units. @(13pp Dwg.No.10,12/12)@
Grid for Pb-acid batteries is mfd. by: superposing a sheet or foil of an alloy of (in wt. %): 0.01-0.5% Ag, 1-8% Sn and balance Pb, on a Pb-Ca alloy sheet bar; pressure bonding by cold rolling and expanding or punching to form_grid.    Sheet bar alloy pref consists of (in wt.%): 0.06-0.08% Ca, 0.2-0.3% Sn and balance Pb, the sheet or foil alloy consists of: 0.2-0.4% Ag, 4-6% Sn and balance Pb.    The grid prod. mfd as above is claimed; it has meshes for pasting and a current lug of Pb-Ca-Sn alloy. A pref. grid has a thickness of 0.6-1.5mm and has an outer layer of Pb-Ag-Sn alloy of thickness 0.5-1.0% of the total thickness.    ADVANTAGE -   Grid has excellent charge-discharge cycle life at high temps. e.g. 70deg.C or more. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/6)@
Two insulated cables each have two ends with a battery attachment at each end of the cables. A first polarity indicator is provided at the second ends of one of the cables for indicating the polarity of the source battery when the first ends of the cables are arbitrarily connected. A first and second probe is provided at the second ends of the cables and electrically insulated. A second polarity indicator at the second end of one of the cables indicates the polarity of the destination battery when the first and second probes are arbitrarily connected prior to polarised connection of the second ends of the cables to the destination battery. The jumper cable further comprises a lamp integral with the battery attachment at the second ends of the cables adapted for illumination when the first ends are connected to the source battery.    USE -   Battery jumper cable for polarised connection of a source battery to a destination battery, esp. for illuminating the area of connection. @(5pp Dwg.No.2/5)@
Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(JP2148659-A)      Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
(JP2148658-A)      Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
(JP2148657-A)      Formation method of the oxide superconductor single crystal film on a substrate comprises forming amorphous thin film of the oxide superconductor on the substrate, heat-treating the amorphous thin film to diffuse the component elements of the amorphous thin film into the substrate, and forming thin film of the oxide superconductor on the diffused layer.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good quality oxide superconductor single crystal film can be obtd. with good reproducibility.    In an example, amorphous thin film (2) of Y-Ba-Cu-O oxide superconductor was formed on the MgO single crystal substrate (1) in O2 and Ar in a vacuum chamber for sputtering. O2 was introduced in the chamber holding the pressure in the chamber at 1x10power-1 Pa. The substrate with the film was heat-treated to make the temp. of the film (2) at approx. 830 deg.C. The film (2) was diffused into the substrate (1) to form the diffused layer (3) and single crystal film (4) of oxide superconductor. YBa2Cu3O7-8 oxide superconductor thin film (5) was formed in O2 and Ar by sputtering. The film (5) was annealed in O2 at 400-500 deg.C.
V5-D6B
V5-D6B
Integrated process, in which coal, oxygen, and water are input into the system; liquid hydrogen is produced as a propellant in space vehicles; electric power is produced from a compressed gas stream obtained in part with selective removal of carbon dioxide from another gas stream with a pressure swing adsorber; and gaseous nitrogen is produced for purging critical environments of the space shutter. The process comprises (a) separating air into oxygen and nitrogen; (b) gasifying the input coal and cleaning up the output gas to produce a clean medium BTU gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (c) a combined cycle power generation system at the location for receiving the gasification gas stream, its thermal energy being recovered by a waste heat recovery system, and the gas is used both as a feedstock for making liquid hydrogen and as a gas turbine fuel; and (d) hydrogen production and liquefaction in which the hydrogen produced by the water shift reaction is purified by a commercial process and the pure hydrogen is fed to a hydrogen liquefaction plant for use as shuttle vehicle propellant.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Single-site, single unit, space shuttle launch vehiclem complex for earth-based space centre operations produces liquid hydrogen as a main product for use as a propellant for the shuttle vehicle and secondary energy products and commodities which support shuttle operations. @(9pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
A stud has threads at each end, so that a first threaded end can be removably threaded horizontally into the threaded aperture in the side mount of the automobile battery. A connector lug has a hole at one end and an elongated tubular portion at other end. The hole in the connector lug fits into the stud so that the elongated tubular portion of the connector lug is disposed in a vertical position w.r.t. the stud. A battery cable has a terminal to fit into the stud.    A sleeve fits into the terminal and onto the sutds. A washer fits onto second threaded end of the stud and against the sleeve. A nut threads onto the second threaded end of the stud so that when the nut is tightened the assembly will be secured to the side mount of the automobile battery, thus allowing the booster cable clamp on a booster cable to grip the elongated tubular portion of the connector lug, causing the automobile battery to be charged when needed.    USE -   Electrical connector assembly for an automobile battery having a side mount with a threaded aperture. @(5pp Dwg.No.3/3)@
Vehicle battery clamp comprises a rectangular non-metal tray with external groove (26) and a non-metal strap having a first buckle at one end and a sliding buckle on the other. The strap is pref. made of polypropylene.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For holding down batteries in boats, cars or trucks. The clamp is non-metallic impervious to the acid electrolyte, durable and non-corrodable. The clamp is easy to install and maintain and quick to remove.
Battery has (a) alkali metal cathode, (b) porous mould anode (mainly consisting of carbon), (c) an electrodes separator, and (d) an electrolytic soln. using sulphur oxy halide (which is the anode active substance) as the electrolyte solvent, where a condensation aromatic cpd. is supported on the separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   'Electric voltage delay' (the drop of the electric voltage at the beginning of the discharge) seen after battery is kept at a high temp. or for long time, can be prevented. @(8pp Dwg.no.1/2)@
Battery has (a) alkali metal cathode, (b) porous mould anode (mainly consisting of carbon), (c) an electrodes separator, and (d) an electrolytic soln. using sulphur oxy halide (which is the anode active substance) as the electrolyte solvent, where a condensation aromatic cpd. is supported on the separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   'Electric voltage delay' (the drop of the electric voltage at the beginning of the discharge) seen after battery is kept at a high temp. or for long time, can be prevented. @(8pp Dwg.no.1/2)@
Sheet matrix for use in fuel cells comprising a first layer being a mixt. of carbon powder having a low-structure as defined by having a dibutyl phthalate adsorption capability of no more than 50ml. per 100g/ of powder and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin, and a second layer comprising a mixt. of a non-carbon inert inorganic cpd. and a polytetrafluoroethylene resin. The layers are combinedf to form a sheet matrix.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sheet matrix is self-supporting and exhibits low electrolyte adsorption and high mechanical strength. It is also resistant to bowing and cracking and hence a high-bubble pressure can be maintained. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The automatic temp. and power regulation uses an 02 containing gas (1) supplied to one side of the fuel cell (14) and a gas (4) or vapour (5) supplied to its opposite side. The residual 02 and ballant gas (8) are obtained from the first side of the fuel cell (14) fed to pre-combustion and after-burner stages (10,11) positioned before and after the fuel cell (14). The latter is heated by the pre-combustion until the obtained gas (8) no longer contains 02.    The ratio between the quantity of gas (8) fed to the pre-combustion stage (11)- and that fed to the after-burner (11) remains constant, or is adjusted in dependence on monitored operating parameters.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplified direct regulation.
The electrode plate structure consists of layers of active material either in sheet form or pasted mass form and having pores and/or perforations throughout the active material and having corrugations, ridges, grooves, furrows, creases or other embossments between at least two facing surfaces which are compressed together.    The corrugations, ridges, grooves, furrows, creases provide pathways along which electrolyte may flow in tandem with diffusion through perforations and/or pores of the structure,thereby allowing electrolyte penetration to deep within the structure at a flow rate that allows correct electrochemical reactions by reason of layers or laminations being electrically connected as one body. Sheet material is able to be formed by rolling, pressing, casting, cutting or moulding in tandem or simultaneously. Solid or absorbed electrolyte is compressed between layers.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Battery systems. Increased electrical capacity, increased electrochemical reaction. @(13pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A linkage includes first and second lever sections pivotally connected to one of the handle sections of the terminal clamp. A first lever is operated as the clamp is grasped in the user's hand. This lever causes the over-centre linkage to shift to a first over-centre position, opening the switch and breaking electrical contact between the clamp and jumper cable before the jaws are forcibly opened. The over-centre linkage serves to hold the switch in an open, nonconductive state even though the clamp handles are released to secure the jaws against the terminal.    A second lever must be consciously pressed before the switch is allowed to move to a closed condition and electrically connect the clamp and jumper cable. The second lever is pressed to shift the over-centre mechanism back over-centre, bringing first and second contact surfaces of the switch together in flush conductive engagement. Subsequent grasping of the clamp will cause the switch to be opened before the clamp is removed from the terminal.    USE -   Automotive battery jumper cable which avoids the formation of sparks. @(12pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Negative electrode material is produced by adding 0.002-1.0 pts. wt. tetra ethyl ammonium bromide to 100 pts. wt. Zr alloy powder contg. at least Pb and Al (pref. contg. 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Pb 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Al and opt. contg. 0.001-0.5 wt.% of indium). Instead of mixing, the tetra ethyl ammonium bromide can be coated on the surface of the Zn alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The amt. of the H2 gas generated in the battery can be greatly decreased and the discharge capacity can be maintained at high level. The effect is greater when a negative electrode active substance made of the zinc alloy powder coated with the specific amount of tetra ethyl ammonium bromide using solvent, is used. @(6pp Dwg.No.9/1)@
Negative electrode material is produced by adding 0.002-1.0 pts. wt. tetra ethyl ammonium bromide to 100 pts. wt. Zr alloy powder contg. at least Pb and Al (pref. contg. 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Pb 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Al and opt. contg. 0.001-0.5 wt.% of indium). Instead of mixing, the tetra ethyl ammonium bromide can be coated on the surface of the Zn alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The amt. of the H2 gas generated in the battery can be greatly decreased and the discharge capacity can be maintained at high level. The effect is greater when a negative electrode active substance made of the zinc alloy powder coated with the specific amount of tetra ethyl ammonium bromide using solvent, is used. @(6pp Dwg.No.9/1)@
Negative electrode material is produced by adding 0.002-1.0 pts. wt. tetra ethyl ammonium bromide to 100 pts. wt. Zr alloy powder contg. at least Pb and Al (pref. contg. 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Pb 0.005-0.5 wt.% of Al and opt. contg. 0.001-0.5 wt.% of indium). Instead of mixing, the tetra ethyl ammonium bromide can be coated on the surface of the Zn alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The amt. of the H2 gas generated in the battery can be greatly decreased and the discharge capacity can be maintained at high level. The effect is greater when a negative electrode active substance made of the zinc alloy powder coated with the specific amount of tetra ethyl ammonium bromide using solvent, is used. @(6pp Dwg.No.9/1)@
The device comprises a reformer tube in a reactor chamber, and a burner at the upper centre of the chamber. The burner is composed of an exhaust fuel gas supply passage, a primary air supply passage, a sec. air supply passage, and a cooling air supply passage.    USE -   Temp. distribution is controlled by adjusting quantity of prim. and sec. air. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/4)@
The device comprises a heating burner at the centre of a reformer, a reactor tube surrounding the burner, and a preheater tube disposed apart from the reactor tube concentrically with it. The reactor tube and the preheater tube are each supported at the reformer at one end only.    USE -   Heat recovery is securely performed. Heat quantity can be changed to achieve an ideal temperature distribution. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/5)@
The ceramic double tube has an integral structure comprising a one-end closed outer cylinder (3) and an inner cylinder (2) concentric with the outer cylinder. One support portion (4-1, 4-2) extend laterally to bridge the outer and inner cylinders and longitudinally from near the closed end at least up to the open end to the outer cylinder. The ratio of a total thickness of the support portions in contact with the inner circumference of the outer cylinder to the inner circumference of the outer cylinder at cross section is at most 25 per cent.    The outside diameter ratio of the outer cylinder to the inner cylinder is at most 3.3. An air passage formed on the inner cylinder rear the cl near the closed end side of the tube communicates between the inner passageway inside the inner cylinder and the outer passageway defined by the inner and outer cylinders.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Double tube has high reliability and sufficient mechanical strength and can be suitably used as filters, heat )exchangers concentrators and as supporting tubes for fuel cells. @(22pp Dwg.No.3/12)@
In the operation of a molten carbonate fuel cell, CO2 is sepd. from the anode exhaust gas, the remaining gas is recirculated to the anode and the CO2 is supplied to the cathode as cathode gas. Pref. the anode supply gas is CO/H2 from a reformer and unreacted CO in the anode exhaust is reacted with steam to form CO2 and H2.    Pref. the CO2 is mixed with air, supplied to a combustion device along with a portion of the anode recycle gas and the exhaust from the combustion device is then supplied to the cathode.    ADVANTAGE -   Sepn. of CO2 from the anode exhaust prior to recycle increases cell efficiency. @(17pp Dwg.No.1/10)@
A rebalance cell for a Cr/Fe redox ion accumulator, for redn. of Fe(3+) ions with hydrogen, has a Fe(3+) ion redn. catalyst in the form of hydrophobised active carbon loaded with a Pt gp. metal, Au or Ag or of hydrophobised tungsten carbide, the catalyst separating a hydrogen gas space from a Fe(3+) -electrolyte liq. space.    ADVANTAGE -   The redn. process is accelerated, making the rebalance cell of practional use. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Cooler comprises cooling path provided near catalyst in reformer, pipes for connecting opposite ends of cooling paths to raw material tank, and circulating pump provided in pipe lines.    ADVANTAGE -   Deterioration of catalyst is prevented speedily cooling catalyst with use of raw material. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
When oxide superconductive material slurry is cast or the cast prod. is solidified, a current and/or a magnetic field is applied to the cast substance. Heat generated in the compact by the current or the magnetic field promotes solidification of cast substance.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method produces an oxide series superconductor used for wire rods. Superconductive compact having improved critical temp. and critical current density is provided. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell contains zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and a negative electrode material of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. of polyoxyethylene mono- or di- fatty acid ester added to 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy. Pref. a negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 wt.pt. polyoxyethylene mono-or di- fatty acid ester is coated on the surface of zinc powders of 100 wt.pts.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen generation of the cell is restrained using the lower Hg content of zinc alloy powders (up to 0.2 wt.%).    In an example, high purity zinc alloy was amalgamated to give a compsn. (contains 0.05 wt.% Pb, 0.05 wt.% Al, 0.05 wt.% In and 0.1 wt.% Hg). The powders were mixed with toluene contg. dissolved polyoxyethylene mono-stearate. Toluene was vapourised off to form the stearate coated amalgamated zinc alloy powders as negative electrode activator. The electrolyte was prepd. by mixing zinc oxide satd. 40% KOH aq. soln. and 1% carboxyl methyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell was fabricated with a negative electrode material (mixed gel of 3.0 g of the negative electrode activator and 1.8 g of the electrolyte) and a positive electrode (mixt. of manganese dioxide and conductor). A discharge time test of the cell at 20 deg.C with 2 ohm load to termination voltage gave a result of 126 hrs. and hydrogen gas generation for 20 days at 60 deg.C was 0.17 compared with 1.00 (conventional). @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The ceramic superconductor prod. is made by adding metal or alloy having m.pt. up to max. temp. capable of maintaining crystal structure of the ceramics superconductor, to a ceramics superconductor.    USE -   For ceramic superconductor prods. capable of omitting heat treatment for enrichment of oxygen after moulding. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
The ceramic superconductor prod. is made by adding metal or alloy having m.pt. up to max. temp. capable of maintaining crystal structure of the ceramics superconductor, to a ceramics superconductor.    USE -   For ceramic superconductor prods. capable of omitting heat treatment for enrichment of oxygen after moulding. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A dye-donor element (I) for thermal dye transfer has a support carrying a layer contg. a yellow 2-amino-thiazol-5-ylmethylene- 3,5-pyrazolidino-dione dye dispersed in a binder. Also claimed is process and appts. including (I). The dye is pref. a thiazolyl methylene 3,5-pyrazolidine dione of formula (I). R1-2 = H, opt. substd. 1-10C alkyl, 5-7C cycloalkyl, opt. substd. 2-10C (het)aryl, or R1+R2 complete a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; R3-4 = as for R1-2, except only one of R3 and R4 may be H; R5-6 = H, halogen, CN, thiocyano; an opt. substd. alkyl, etc. an opt. substd. (het)aryl, (het)aryloxy, (het)arylthio or (het)arylsulphonyl gp. of 2-10C; 5-7C cycloalkyl; alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, acyl, etc.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The element is used in prepn. of multicolour images from electronic colour video signals. The yellow dye has improved hue and good light stability. @(10pp)@
A fuel cell plant includes a fuel cell stack (8) in a container (20) the anode (6) fed by a hydrogen rich gas stream from a reformer (2) and the cathode (12) by air from a compressor (10). After reacting in the stack (8) they are taken separately to a burner (4) the cathode stream via a preheater (14) where they are burnt, fed through the preheater (14) and divided, one part driving the turbine compressor (16,10) and the rest, forming an inert purge gas, passing to the container (20) via a blower (18).    The purge gas pressure is held just above the reactant pressure by an orifice (22) between teh gas outlet and the cathode stream return which it is combined with. A pressure sensor (24) with actuator (26) and relief valve (28) assist if excessive pressure differentials occur.    ADVANTAGE -   Simpler, more reliable, cheaper, less complex gas system. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The battery terminal post clamp has a quick coupling device actuated by a U-shaped lever (13,15) having its arms pivoted adjacent their free ends to a shaft (19). A separate cover and handle (32) of insulating material is also freely mounted on the shaft. The coupling device actuating lever is provided with inwardly bent ears close to its bridging portion.    These ears cooperate with internally protruding abutments formed in the cover handle to provide a lost motion mechanism. The cover handle may be raised to some extent without disengaging the terminal post clamp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   E.g. for vehicle. Permits connection of a second cable to the battery terminal without disengagement of the battery post clamp. @(8pp Dwg.No.4/9)@
The sampler has a blow tube (2) open at both ends and a displaceable element (5) which draws a gas specimen from the tube into a measurement chamber (7) contg. a detector (8) for the gas constituent. The detector is in the form of a fuel cell. The displaceable element has a rest and a suction position.    The displaceable element is actuated by pulse signals from a controller which receives input signals from a vol. measurement device which determines threshold levels of the vol. flow of the gas component flowing through the device as control parameters. The controller detects the presence of both threshold values and causes the element to move to its suction position. After the analysis the element is returned to its rest position.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Detecting alcohol in exhaled breath. Accurate results and prevention of interference.
Battery comprises: a container contg. soln; positive grid plates having tabs which are interconnected; and negative grid plates also having tabs which are interconnected.    Pb-acid battery for a vehicle comprises: a battery case contg. acid; and interleaved positive and negative grids each with pasted slots and each having a tab extending upward and joined together for respective connection to a positive post and a negative post. The respective positive and negative grid tabs may be connected by eg. bending them together. A 12V battery has six compartments, with an overall cover.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as a Pb-acid battery for vehicles. Use of integral tabs (70) eliminates need to apply additional material to form plate terminals and interconnects. @(38pp Dwg.No.1/12)@
Conductor cables are securely cast within the battery into battery terminals to provide a direct and permanent electrical connection between the terminals and the cables. Cable insulation covers the conductor cables at all points above the terminal-cable connection. All connections are secured by using the methods of casting, welding, potting or crimping.    Seals made from a nonconducting material extend the exterior of the battery over all electrical connections and further enhance the mechanical integrity of the electrical connections, as well as providing for chemical and electrical isolation of the electrical connections. The electrical connection system avoids leakage of electrolyte onto the surface of the battery, eliminates frequent repair and maintenance, provides for full voltage delivery and improves safety.    USE -   For vehicle battery. @(7pp Dwg.No.2/3)@
The automobile battery clip comprises a pair of identical legs and a pivot member joining the pair of legs. A spring is positioned about the pivot member, extending away from the pivot member toward the end of each of the pair of legs, which form a handle, to force the two opposite ends of the pair of legs into tight contact. A pair of coacting jaws are fastened on the inner surface of the contacting ends of the legs, with one jaw being connected to each of the legs so that the pair of jaws is normally biased in a tightly closedsoed condition.    A cable clamp is provided on one jaw of the pair of jaws. A heavy electrical conductor has one end held by the cable clamp, extending away from the clamp along the inside of one of the legs to an aperture formed in the leg approximately midway between the ends of the leg where the heavy electrical conductor is bent at approximately a 90 deg. angle to pass through the aperture in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the leg.    USE -   Cable clip esp. for jump leads used with automotive batteries.
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Superconductor is made by wrapping up to 1 mm dia. fine wire or up to 1 mm thick tape of stainless steel, Ni, W, Nb, Ta, Cr or these alloy or surface treated (by chromating or Cr-plating) these metals or alloys on the outer periphery of a superconducting stock wire comprising Nb2Sn, or Nb3Ge, or Nb3Al stabilised with Cu or Al. Suitable lengths are formed into cable. put into a pipe such as stainless steel, and before heat treating for producing intermetallic superconductor.    ADVANTAGE -   Large current capacity and high magnetic field. @(3pp Dwg.No 1,2,3/5)@
Photoreceptor has photosensitive layer prepd. on electric conductive substrate, where the photosensitive layer contains at least charge generating material consisting of axo-type pigment of formula (I) and charge transporting material consisting of butadiene cpd. of general formula (II). In the formulae: Ar1 and Ar2 are (un)substd. aryl gp.; R1 and R2 are each H, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy gp.; R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each (un)substd. alkyl, aralkyl or aryl gp.; Ar3 and Ar4 are each (un)substd. alkyl, arlakyl or aryl gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The photoreceptor is used in laser beam printer, LED printer and liq. crystal printer. The photoreceptor has good sensitivity in long wave length region because of tetrakisazo structure of the azo-type pigment used. @(15pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Multiple pipe type reformer comprises upright reactor pipes, and heat pipes connecting top portions of'reactor pipes, outer side of reactor pipes are heated with. combustion gas to reform raw fuel gas in reactor pipes.    ADVANTAGE -   As high as possible operation temp. can be used within allowable range by making highest top portions of reactor pipes uniform.
The insulated wire is coating with a material prepd. by blending 100 pts. wt. of the mixt. of ethylene-fluoroolefin copolymer with 30-90wt.% of a polymer made by grafting a tetrafluoroethylene -propylene copolymer with 5-60wt.% of at least one of styrene and acrylic ester, and mixing it with at least 0.5 pts. wt. of crosslinking agent to prepare the compsn. The compsn. was extruded on wire to coat it, then the compsn. is cured for crosslinking.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The insulated wire is used for the devices for which flexible and strong wire is required. Flexibility and mechanical strength of the wire are improved. No flow of the coating occurs over m.pt. of the coating.    In an example, 40 pts. wt. of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and 60 pts. wt. of the polymer made of 70wt.% of tetrafluoroethylene -propylene, 22wt.% of styrene, and 8wt.% of 2-ethyl-hexylacrylate were blended. The blended material was mixed with 5 pts. wt. of triallyl-isocyanurate, 10 pts. wt. of silica. The mixed material was kneaded, then extruded onto Sn plated copper wire, then crosslinked with electron beam. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
(JP2121261-A)   NOVELTY - The anode plate consists of grating consisting of lead-antimony alloy with 0.005-0.250 weight% of antimony with respect to active material consisting of lead-calcium alloy in the battery.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A maintenance free battery with improved charging recoverability is provided. The mechanical strength of grating is improved due to the lead-antimony alloy composition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the life test result of the battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
An integrated process for electricity generation, H2 gas prodn. and MeOH prodn. from a CO2-contg. gas mixt. emerging from a geopressurised source comprises: (a) passing the gas mixt. through a turbine to generate electricity; (b) electrolysing water with the generated electricity to from H2 gas and O2 gas; and (c) reacting the H2 gas with the CO2 in the gas mixt. emerging from the turbine to form MeOH.    Also claimed are embodiments in which H2S is removed from the gas mixt. prior to step (c).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   High level utilisation of chemical and energy resources is obtd. and a hydrocarbon fuel producing process (from the MeOH) is obtd. which is self-contained in terms of raw materials and energy sources. Also, it is adaptable to geothermal wells of different compsns. and conditions. @(7pp Dwg.No.2/2)@
The battery hold-down structure has an elongated bolt having a J-shaped lower end for securing the bolt to a battery tray and to facilitate shortening of the bolt. A chrome plated non-corrosive elongated wing nut has a threaded opening in the lower end for receiving the upper end of the bolt and including a dual external diameter forming an annular abutment adjacent the other end for clamping a battery strap over the top of a battery positioned in the battery tray in conjunction with a resilient washer.    A polished stainless steel washer sleeved over the non-corrosive wing nut and positioned between the strap end and washer and between the resilient washer and annular abutment. The wing nut includes radially extending wings which facilitate installation of the battery hold-down structure without tools and extends for approximately one quarter of the way down the side of a battery to remove the joint between the nut and bolt from the most corrosive battery environment.    USE -   Adjustable battery strap which is resistant to the effects of corrosion. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/6)@
A reformer for fuel cells comprises heating layers (5a,5b), a catalyst layer (4) placed between the heating layers and thermal conductors, as heating means, extending from the heating layers and dispersedly inserted in the catalyst layer.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal efficiency is increased. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A reformer for fuel cells comprises multicylindrical catalyst layers (4a,4b) and heating layers (5a,5b,5c) placed between neighbouring catalyst layers to arrange the catalyst layers and the heating layers alternately.    USE -   Used to produce miniaturised reformers for fuel cells having a high thermal efficiency. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/9)@
A reformer for fuel cells comprises a heater (2), a pipe-shaped evaporator having an evaporating part (1a) and a superheating part (1b) which is used to supply raw material to reactors after evaporating raw materials, and reactors (3a,3b) having catalyst layers (4a,4b). The evaporating part is spirally wound in a flat form and placed between the heater and the catalyst layers. The superheating part is spirally wound in a cylinder form and placed in a heating layer (5a) between the catalyst layers.    USE -   To remove a sepg. wall between the catalyst layers and heaters. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Reformer comprises temp. sensors to detect temp. of reforming catalyst in a reforming reactor, an integrating meter to integrate raw materials supplied to the reformer and an arithmetical unit to predict the life of reforming catalyst from results from the temp. sensors and the integrating meter.    USE -   To predict life of reforming catalyst used to produce H2-rich gas used in a fuel cell power generation plant. @(5pp Dwg.No.3/3)
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The polymer cell comprises a electrode substrate on which a uniform film consisting of polypyrrole and supporting salt ions of which wt. is at least 200 and ion radius is large. The support salt ions are removed by an undoping treatment. Ions having a radius smaller than that of the supporting salt ions are then doped in the film.    (1) The film contains cation exchange resin. The electrode substrate is for anode use. (2) The supporting salt comprises polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid salt.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The polymer sec. cell is used for the light wt. electric or electronic devices. Light wt. sec. cell with good charge-discharge characteristic can be obtd. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
(JP2075162-A)      A retrievable guide post for a permanent subsea base or template has a tubular body with external engagement formations near the upper end, and a sleeve around and movable axially on the body lower part with its lower end having a reduced wedging rim and its upper end external engagement means. A split latching ring is supported on the body to coact with the sleeve wedging rim, and a support ring below the latching ring is releasably secured to the body to permit limited axial movement so that lifting forces on the body can be transmitted to the latching ring. The sleeve can pref. be releasably secured to the body in its set and latching positions.    ADVANTAGE -   The post can be retrieved irrespective of any damage to it, solely by upward load on the post without damage to its receptacle or template. @(14pp)@
A thin carbon plate is claimed which is obtd. by forming a polycarbodiimide resin (opt. in admixt. with polycarbodiimide fibres) into a thin plate and carbonising it.    The polycarbodiimide for both the resin and the fibres (if used) pref. has repeat units of formula (I) where R = an org. polyicosyanate residue.    USES/ADVANTAGES -   The plate can be used directly as a separator for (pref. phosphoric acid-type) fuel cells and has high mechanical. Strength (esp. when the fibres are present in the starting material) and high gas impermeability.
Biomass from a silo or in pellet form is treated to form biogas and fertiliser. Biogas, possibly mixed with mains natural gas, is burned to produce thermal energy and/or electrical power. The electricitys, possibly combined with mains electricty, electrolyses water into H2 and O2. The two prod. gases may power a fuel cell, or the O2 may be utilised in a biological sewage purifier. H2 may be stored, e.g. by a Ti-Fe hydride body and used to fuel a H2 motor, e.g. for a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Waste material is utilised in environmentally friendly fashion, with min. contamination of ground waters.
The indicator is mounted on a vehicle battery provided with a positive and a negative terminal, the indicator comprising a non-conductive elongated strip adapted to be aligned end to end between the positive and negative terminals. A positive and a negative electrically conductive pole are spaced on the strip, the positive and negative poles adapted to be located adjacent the positive and negative terminals.    A directional light emitter is connected between the poles, the light emitter being adapted to emit light upon the passage of an electric direct current between the poles coming from the d.c. power supply. A resistor element is electrically mounted between one of the poles and the light emitter, the strip poles, light emitter and resistor element being mounted on a support member adapted to be fixed on the top surface of the vehicle battery between the positive and negative terminals. The light emitted by the light emitter identifies the matching of the polarity of the d.c. power supply with the polarity of the terminals of battery adjacent the poles of the indicator.    USE -   Polarity indicator for checking the matching of polarities of a vehicle battery with a d.c. power supply. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Reversible H2 storage medium is an amorphous alloy of compsn. AaMbMc' where A = Ag, Hg, and/or Pt; M = Pb, Cu, Cr, Mo, W, Ni, Al, Co, Fe, Zn, Ru, Cd and/or Mn; M' = Ca, Mg, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, V and/or Ta; a = 0.005-0.80; b = 0.05-0.70; and c = 0.08-0.95. Pref. A = Pt.    M = Mn, Ru, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Co and/or W, pref. Ni, Co and/or Mo; M' = Zr, Ti, Ca and/or Mg; a = 0.05-0.75 pref. 0.05-0.1; b = 0.1-0.7 pref. 0.5-0.7; and c = 0.2-0.85 pref. 0.3-0.8. A specific alloy is Pt-Ni-Zr esp. Pt5Ni42Zr37.    Reversible H2 storage electrode comprises the above alloy, pref. formed on a substrate of Ti or Ta as a thin film or in powder form. For use in an alkaline electrolyte, pref. KOH or NaOH, A = Pt; M = Mo, Co, Fe, Ni and/or Mn; and M' = Zr, Cd and/or Mg. For use in an acid electrolyte, pref. H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4 and/or acetic acid, A = Pt; M = Ru, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mo and/or W; and M' = Zr, Nb and/or Ti.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As H2 storage media and also as H2 storage battery electrodes . Alloys can be repeatedly cycled without becoming embrittled or phase sepd. and without suffering oxidn. or corrosion. @(11pp Dwg.No.1/3)@
The system includes a motor-driven compressor for raising the reaction air pressure to be supplied to the fuel cell, a gas turbine which is driven by a high temperature and high pressure gas consisting of combustion exhaust gas of the reformer, and a power generator for secondary electrical power. The generation system additionally comprises a steam turbine which is driven by extra steam generated by collecting exhaust heat of the fuel cell and a power generator for generating secondary electrical power. The generation system also comprises an air pressure control circuit having a pressure sensing device on the outlet side of the compressor and a flow rate control valve on the inlet side of the compressor.    A variable nozzle in the inlet side of the gas turbine adjusts an inlet angle of gas flowing into the gas turbine to offset changes in inflow gas quantity caused by changes in operational load.    ADVANTAGE -   Control circuit serves to improve partial load efficiency by allowing adjustment of reaction air flow to maintain constant reaction air pressure in fuel cell. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
The jumper cable clamp includes one pair of clamping elements and a guide block set in one of the clamping elements. The guide block has a slide way in which a conductive charging slip is set, the conductive charging clip being connected with an expansion spring at the bottom. The expansion spring has its other end connected to the guide block to let the conductive charging clip be pulled out for operation or retreated back to be received inside said clamping element.    The conductive charging slip has a curved opening made at the middle part to serve as an electrical' connector clamp for use to clip on the positive or negative side-mounted terminal of a car barrery for electricity transmssion. The guide block is insulated, having a jaw-typed front end, which is arranged to engage with the metal clamping jaw of the opposite clamping element to separate the conductive charging clip from the metal clamping jaw when the connector clamp is not in use.    USE -   Car battery jumper cables which provides indication of wrong connection.
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkali cell contains Zn alloy powders,an electrolyte and a negative electrode material contg. 0.001-1.0 wt. pt. alkylphenyl-polyethylene -glycol-ether-sulphate (CPD) added to 100 wt. pts. of the Zn alloy powders.    Opt. negative activator for alkali cell of 0.001-1.0 CPD is coated on 100 wt. pts. Zn alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of H2 is prevented at up to 0.2 wt. % of Hg content in the alkali cell.    In an example, an alkali cell is prepd. from Zn alloy powders (contg. in wt.%) 0.05 Pb, 0.05 Al, 0.05 In, and 0.1 Hg (50-150 mesh). The Hg is contained by amalgamation of the powders in 10% KOH aq. soln. mixed with Hg. The Zn alloy powders are mixed with toluene soln. of the CPD, then the toluene is evaporated off from the soln. to form CPD coated Zn alloy powders as negative electrode activator. An electrolyte is prepd. by mixing ZnO satd. 40% concn. KOH aq. soln. and 1.0% CMC and Na polyacrylate. An alkali manganese cell is prepd. from 3.0g of the negative electrode activator, 1.8g of the electrolyte, a positive electrode of mixt. of MnO2 and conductor. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The superconductor consists of alternately laminated metallic coating film and oxide superconductor having Cu-O plane superlattice structure connected with A atom, in which up to 20 layers of the planes per unit lattice exist, where A is at least one of Y, lanthanum series atoms (atomic number = 57-71), Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.    The metallic coating film pref. comprises Pt, Au, Ag, Ni, Ti, and Pd.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The superconductor can be used in various practical ways. Superconductor with high transition temp. can be obtd.    In an example, the (100) face of MgO single crystal was used as the substrate. Using BaCu alloy, CuY alloy, and Pt as the targets, Pt-YBaCuO superlattice superconductive complex film was prepd. A CuBaOx layer (22) and CuO-Y-CuO-CuO-Y-CuO layer (21) were laminated in order to make the superlattice by controlling the stopping time of the shutter window on the targets of the BaCu alloy and the CuY alloy respectively. By changing the conditions, the number of layers was increased up to 20 layers. Then shutter window was moved onto the Pt target, and Pt film was made on the superlattice superconductor thin film. Then the superconductor thin film was repeatedly made on the Pt layer. -_ The same process as the above was repeated to prepare the complex film. Transition temp. of the film was 90 K. @(3pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
The electrochemical cell includes an electrolytic vessel (2) in which there are parallel electrodes. In a simple construction there are two positive oxygen reducing electrodes (3), and one negative electrode (4) made of an active consumable material. The active material comprises particles of aluminium, and is kept in a reservoir in order to replenish the electrode.    The negative electrode itself has a cellular foam structure, so that the active particles pass through the pores. The reservoir holding the active material includes a plug (29) which is removed in order to refill it.    USE -   Mechanically rechargeable electrochemical cell. @(11pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Method and system of operation of a molten carbonate fuel cell in which steam and CO in the reaction prod. generated at the anode in the fuel cell by the electricity-producing electrochemical reaction are utilised in a coal or coal char gasifier for endothermically reacting coal or char in the presence of a catalyst for providing the fuel gas, in which the method comprises (a) generating a stream of gaseous prods. contg. H2 and CO2 at a temp. of 1050-1150 deg.F by endothermically reacting coal or char in the presence of a catalyst and steam in a reducing atmosphere; (b) removing particulate material and S bearing material from the stream of gaseous prods.; (c) sepg. the H2 from the CO2; (d) conveying a stream of the sepd. CO2 to a cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell and a stream of the sepd. H2 to an anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell for effecting an electrochemical reaction in the molten carbonate fuel cell for producing electricity while generating reaction prods. consisting of steam at the anode at a temp. greater than the temp. of the stream of gaseous prods.; and (e) conveying a stream of the reaction prods. into the coal gasifier for providing the steam and heat required for effecting the endothermic reaction in the coal gasifier.    ADVANTAGE -   The process provides a novel combination of a gasifier with a molten carbonate fuel cell in which the overall efficiency of the fuel cell is greatly enhanced since the source of reactant gases provided to the fuel cell are produced in a gasifier which, in turn, is provided with the reaction gases from the anode of the fuel cell to provide the steam, the reducing atmos. and the heat needed in the gasifier to support and effect a reactant gas-producing endothermic reaction with coal or char in the presence of a catalyst. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
G1
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Lanthanum chromite doped with calcium has compositional formula La(1-x)Ca(x)Cr(1-y)Ca(y)O3, where x is above O to 0.4, y is above O to 0.05, y is less than or equal to x. A solid electrolyte fuel cell having the lanthanum chromite separators is also claimed, where unit cells consisting of a solid electrolyte plate, an anode and a cathode which are placed on both sides of the solid electrolyte plate are stacked through the lanthanum chromite separators.    ADVANTAGE -   The lanthanum chromite is easy to sinter, having a good electrical conductivity, preventing effectively the cross-leaking of fuel gas and oxidising gas. The fuel cell has a reduced polarisation and a higher output voltage.    In an example, La2O3, CaCO3 and cr2O3 were mixed and fired at 1273 deg.K for 4 hrs. in the air; this firing was repeated twice; the resultant powders were moulded into a pellet 20 mm dia., 1-2 mm thick and sintered at 1673 deg.K for 45 hrs. The sinter had over 94 % of theoretical density. @(6pp)@
In the fuel reformer, hydrocarbon and alcohol such as natural gas and methanol are reacted with steam, and hydrogen-rich reformed gas is formed. The gas is supplied to a fuel cell. In the fuel reformer, reforming tubes are set parallel to each other in an outer box. Through the tubes, reforming raw material gas is passed and combustion gas passed through the outer box. The reforming tube carries reforming catalyst in its inner face, and carries combustion catalyst in its outer face. The combustion catalyst burns the fuel, so that heat for the reforming reaction is supplied.    In the case of natural gas, a nickel system reforming catalyst is carried on the inner side of the alumina tube and a combustion catalyst such as platinum or paradium is carried on the outer side of the tube.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   There is no need of a burner and its combustion furnace, so the reformer can be made compact. Since a gas passage is formed with the reforming catalyst layer, the amt. of catalyst can be reduced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/5)@
Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma. @(7pp DWg.No 1/8)@
Unit has a main plasma chamber generating ion beam by d.c. discharge, and sub-plasma chamber, as electron discharge source, generating sub-plasma by high frequency discharge and supplying electron required for d.c. discharge to the main plasma chamber.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The unit can operate continuously over several hundreds of hours, because there is no need to heat consumables such as thermoelectron discharge materials, and maintain high temp. as the conventional process and the source service life becomes very long. For generation of sub-plasma in the sub-plasma chamber gas other than rare gas, e.g. oxygen, same ionisation gas in the main chamber, can be used, which produces good quality plasma. @(7pp DWg.No 1/8)@
Oxide superconductor thin film is formed by controlling vapour streams contg. metal elements generating from multi-source crucibles forcedly for a certain period in sequence by shutters equipped just above the crucibles. The vapour streams reach the substrate intermittently, for growing every atomic layers with the correspondence to a modulation structure of long period cpds..    USE -   For high-output magnets, Josephson devices, and SQUID's, as Cu-oxide system superconductors. @(4pp Dwg.No./1)
In gas assist etching for ion beam irradiating work and supplying reaction gas from nozzle to the irradiated position, X-direction detecting resistance and Y-direction detecting resistance are measured on a stage on which the work is mounted. The crossing of the X and Y directions is moved to the optical axis of the ion beam by moving the stage. By monitoring change of resistances and by changing position of the nozzle, alignment of the nozzle with the optical axis of the ion beam is possible.    ADVANTAGE -   Reaction gas is introduced effectively to the optical axis of the beam to improve efficiency of etching. @(4pp Dwg.No 1/2)@
In gas assist etching for ion beam irradiating work and supplying reaction gas from nozzle to the irradiated position, X-direction detecting resistance and Y-direction detecting resistance are measured on a stage on which the work is mounted. The crossing of the X and Y directions is moved to the optical axis of the ion beam by moving the stage. By monitoring change of resistances and by changing position of the nozzle, alignment of the nozzle with the optical axis of the ion beam is possible.    ADVANTAGE -   Reaction gas is introduced effectively to the optical axis of the beam to improve efficiency of etching. @(4pp Dwg.No 1/2)@
The cover includes a base plate and a cap arrangement, that together with flexible seals, may be placed over a battery terminal and an attached connector to seal and protect the terminal and connector against corrosion. The base plate includes two base sections that are connected by an integral hinge. Each section includes a semi-circular recess that closes about the terminal below the connector when the two sections are moved together to a closed condition. A first flexible seal is positioned over the terminal post prior to placement of the base. The base may then be placed over the terminal and pressed onto the seal. The seal will deform and fill any voids between the terminal and the cover base.    The cap may then be placed over the base, enclosing the terminal and conenctor. Interfitting walls of the cap and base form an enclosure seal about the terminal and connector. Matching cable receiving recesses are provided in the walls of the base and cap. A second seal may be placed in the recesses to complete the airtight seal of the terminal and connector, thereby protecting them against corrosion.    ADVANTAGE -   Quickly and easily mountable without requiring disassembly of connectors. @(6pp Dwg.No.6/6)@
H2S in electrochemically converted by: passing it into contact with an electrocatalytic anode comprising an A1+x B2-x S4 thiospinel where A and B are metals and x = 0-2 (not zero, not 2), the cell operating at 650-1050 deg.C; passing an O2 -contg. gas into contact with a cathode of Sr -doped La manganite; passing the resulting ionic O2 from the cathode through a solid electrolyte to the other side; and oxidising the N2S to S and H2O at the anode. A current is withdrawn from the cell.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. in H2S tail-gas gas cleanup processes. Cell provides high efficiency conversion at convenient tail-gas temps., with concurrent prodn. of electricity. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Prodn. of a superconductive wire material comprises: (a) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 700-900 deg.C, so that a superconductive thin membrane is formed on the gold substrate; (b) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 100-900 deg.C so that a precursor thin membrane is formed on it, and (c) heat-treating the membrane at 700-900 deg.C together with the substrate to be converted into a superconductive thin membrane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A superconductive wire material with good superconductive characteristics such as superconductive transition temp. etc. can be produced easily. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of a superconductive wire material comprises: (a) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 700-900 deg.C, so that a superconductive thin membrane is formed on the gold substrate; (b) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 100-900 deg.C so that a precursor thin membrane is formed on it, and (c) heat-treating the membrane at 700-900 deg.C together with the substrate to be converted into a superconductive thin membrane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A superconductive wire material with good superconductive characteristics such as superconductive transition temp. etc. can be produced easily. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of a superconductive wire material comprises: (a) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 700-900 deg.C, so that a superconductive thin membrane is formed on the gold substrate; (b) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 100-900 deg.C so that a precursor thin membrane is formed on it, and (c) heat-treating the membrane at 700-900 deg.C together with the substrate to be converted into a superconductive thin membrane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A superconductive wire material with good superconductive characteristics such as superconductive transition temp. etc. can be produced easily. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of a superconductive wire material comprises: (a) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 700-900 deg.C, so that a superconductive thin membrane is formed on the gold substrate; (b) contacting mists of a soln. contg. nitrates of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu with a long gold substrate or gold coated substrate heated at 100-900 deg.C so that a precursor thin membrane is formed on it, and (c) heat-treating the membrane at 700-900 deg.C together with the substrate to be converted into a superconductive thin membrane.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A superconductive wire material with good superconductive characteristics such as superconductive transition temp. etc. can be produced easily. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)
A non-skid device for tyre comprises a main element, which includes a tread member, arm members, a supporting member and elastic members, and an engaging element, which includes a fixing member and a rotating member.    The engaging element is previously mounted on a car wheel, and then the main element has the tread member arranged so as to encircle a tyre tread face from the outside face of the car wheel to engage the hook of the linear elastic member locked to the supporting member with the engaging member provided on the rotating member. Under such a condition, the car starts to rotate the wheel, drawing the tread member into the position where the tyre tread face is covered in full periphery.    ADVANTAGE -   This device permits adaption for any conventional type of wheels without being reformed and dissolves the defect in the past of being impossible to keep a stable function of itself, providing a reliable nonskid performance. @(5pp Dwg.No.0/5)
Device for reforming material gas to gas rich in H2 includes a cylindrical oven, a burner arranged in the centre of the upper portion in the oven for forming combustion gas, a cylindrical partition wall surrounding the burner and suspended in the oven, and a spiral-form superheater arranged below the burner and reforming tube to which material fuel gas is introduced from the superheater and formed between the cylindrical wall and wall of the oven and filled with catalyser for reforming. The fins width of the superheater is increased toward the flowing direction of the gas and they are attached to the outer cylinder, to both surfaces of the inner cylinder which is contacted with combustion gas and to the inner surface where reforming is effected.    ADVANTAGE -   Surface area of the fins is increased inversely proportional to the temp. of combustion gas so that the amt. of heat transfer is maintained constant in the flowing direction of the gas to improve efficiency of reforming reaction. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
In the soln. in which 0.01-1 mol/l of pyrrole and 0.01-1 mol/l of supporting salt are dissolved, the electrode substrate is soaked for electrolytic polymerisation to form polypyrrole film contg. ion of the supporting salt on the substrate. The polymerisation is done with constant voltage with superposed pulse voltage.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For prepn. of the electrode for the light wt. polymer sec. cell. Charge-discharge characteristic of the cell is improved. Light wt. cell can be prepd. @(5pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
Fuel cell comprises: cell units each having an electrolyte plate (12), anode plate (14) and cathode plate (16); separator plates (18) with passages (A,C) on the front and back for supplying fuel gas to the anode and oxidiser to the cathode, the cell units and separators forming a stack; anode side gas supply (30,32); cathode side gas supply (34,36) arranged so that oxidiser gas supplied to one separator plate flows in an opposite direction to oxidiser gas to the adjacent separator plates; and heat transfer means (22,24), e.g. fins, formed on the front and back faces of each separator plate so as to assist in heat transfer in the direction of the stack.    ADVANTAGE -   Stack has a more uniform temp. distribution with min. temp. gradients and a symmetrical temp. profile. @(18pp Dwg.No.2/9)@
The system has a high temp. fuel cell which has a catalyst for hydrocarbon fuel reformation. The fuel and oxidant process gas undergo electro chemical conversion to produce electrical energy.    electrochemical conversion to maintain the temp. at preselected temp.    The net utilisation of full process gas exceeds about fifty percent. A hydrogen transfer arrangement operates on the anode passage exhaust to produce a stream exclusively contg. hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents dilution of reactants and does not require recirculated cooling. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
A thin film composite membrane is claimed which comprises a microporous polymeric support and an ultrathin membrane which is the interfacial polymerisation (IP) prod. made from at least one of thee prepolymers of type MfXm, M'FYn and NfYn such that the prod. has the same selective photochemical redox reactivity as MF and M'F, MF and M'F = monomeric or oligomeric moieties than can initiate photochemical redox reactions, pref. porphyrins, phthalocyanins or their derivs. NF = linkable or crosslinkable monomeric or oligomeric moiety than cannot initiate photochemical redox reactins; X and Y = gps. that render the prepolymers reactive in IP reactions; and m and n = integers of Z or more.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The ultrathin IP prods. can be e.g. polyamides, polyesters, polythioesters, polyureas, polyurethanes or polysulphanamides, depending on the nature of gps. X and Y. The membranes have a novel combination of properties making them useful in "artificial photosynthesis" i.e. photoelectrochemical prodn. of fuels such as the redox splitting of water to form H2 and O2 on opposite sides of the membrane.
Electro-catalytic electrode is mfd. by electroplating a codncutive substrate in a soln. contg. metal ions and particles of electro-catalytic metal (I) such that the metal ions are plated and form a binder for retaining particles of (I). The cell is periodically turned or inverted to cause continued migration of the particles of (I) towards the substrate under gravity, where they are captured in the binder.    (I) is Fe, Ni, Co or Cu, or an alloy of at least one of these with at least one of Al, Zn, Cd, Sn and Mo.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Electrode is used in electrolytic prodn. of O2, H2 and other gases. Method allows a higher amt. of (I) to be incorporated in the electrode than in prior art composite coating processes. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
Thermal insulation blanket (2) consists of metalised film layers (4) interleaved with ceramic glass fibre layer (6) and a pliant material layer (10) of at least 4 times the thickness of the rest on one side of the interleaved layers. A fibre glass cloth outer envelope (12) surrounds the layers (4, 6, 10). The metalised layers can be gold on polyimide film. The pliant layer can be a ceramic fibre felt or polyimide foam. The layers (6) can be borosilicate ceramic fibre glass coth. The outer envelope can be PTFE coated fibre glass cloth.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The heat insulating blanket can be used in ambient air and in space vacuum environments to retard heat loss from e.g. fuel cell power plants in manned orbiters or unmanned satellites. The blanket is lightweight, very pliable and resists degradation by corrosive environments.
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prodn. of platinum ruthenium catalyst for fuel battery comprising producing Pt dispersion liq. by mixing chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite-aq. solns. in presence of aggregation preventing agent e.g. hydrogen peroxide etc.), ruthenium chloride is added to it to form binary colloidal dispersion liq. of platinum and ruthenium, then conductive carbon in suspension condition is added to the dispersion liq. so platinum ruthenium binary catalyst particle is formed on conductive carbon substrate.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   By adding ruthenium chloride to Pt dispersion liq. of chloroplatinic acid and sodium dithionite, platinum-ruthenium binary dispersion liq. with high dispersion condition is obtd. (catalyst particle size of 5-30 Angstrom), and by forming it on conductive carbon substrate, electrode catalyst for fuel battery (using methanol, formaldehyde or formic acid as fuel) with improved polarisation characteristics is produced. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
The alkaline cell comprises gelatinous zinc cathode contg. nonionic surfactant contg. organic silicon hydrophobic gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for the electr(on)ic devices. Corrosion resistance and life of the gelatinous zinc cathode are improved.    In an example, 600 ppm of Al, 500 ppm of Pb, and 200 ppm of In were added to Zn to prepare Zn alloy powder. 60 wt.% of the Zn alloy powder, 2 wt.% of gelatiniser, and 38 wt.% of 40% KOH aq. soln. were mixed to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode material. The material was amalgamated with mercury, and the surfactant (I) added to the amalgamated material to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode. EO=ethylene oxide, n and m are integers. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The alkaline cell comprises gelatinous zinc cathode contg. nonionic surfactant contg. organic silicon hydrophobic gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for the electr(on)ic devices. Corrosion resistance and life of the gelatinous zinc cathode are improved.    In an example, 600 ppm of Al, 500 ppm of Pb, and 200 ppm of In were added to Zn to prepare Zn alloy powder. 60 wt.% of the Zn alloy powder, 2 wt.% of gelatiniser, and 38 wt.% of 40% KOH aq. soln. were mixed to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode material. The material was amalgamated with mercury, and the surfactant (I) added to the amalgamated material to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode. EO=ethylene oxide, n and m are integers. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
The alkaline cell comprises gelatinous zinc cathode contg. nonionic surfactant contg. organic silicon hydrophobic gp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for the electr(on)ic devices. Corrosion resistance and life of the gelatinous zinc cathode are improved.    In an example, 600 ppm of Al, 500 ppm of Pb, and 200 ppm of In were added to Zn to prepare Zn alloy powder. 60 wt.% of the Zn alloy powder, 2 wt.% of gelatiniser, and 38 wt.% of 40% KOH aq. soln. were mixed to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode material. The material was amalgamated with mercury, and the surfactant (I) added to the amalgamated material to prepare the gelatinous zinc cathode. EO=ethylene oxide, n and m are integers. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/0)@
Crosslinking method for crosslinked polyolefin insulating cable or its connection part is new. In application of compsn. comprising polyolefin and peroxide for crosslinking on cable conductor or its connecting part, and heating compsn. in closed region for crosslinkage; deoxidant is placed in closed region, and closed region is heated holding region in non-oxygen condition. Pref. the insulating cable or its connection part is placed in closed region, and deoxidant is placed in region to hold inside of region in non-oxygen condition.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for crosslinking of crosslinked polyolefin insulating cable or its connection part. Insulating characteristic of cable is improved, and good dielectric breakdown strength is held for long time. @(4pp)
Separator for alkaline cell comprises double layer film of perfluoro ion exchange membrane of 1.0-2.5 m equiv./g resin in ion exchange capacity, contg. -COOM and/or -SO3M, M is alkaline metal ion, e.g. Na, K, and Li, and oxidisable diaphragm. Thickness of the membrane is 0.1-50 microns. Pref. the film has perfluoro ion exchange membrane at anode side, and oxidisable diaphragm at cathode side. Oxidisable diaphragm comprises cellophane film. Double layer film comprises membrane obtd. by flowing soln. of perfluoro ion exchange resin on oxidisable diaphragm. Alkaline cell uses separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cell. Heat- and chemical-resistance, and electrochemical characteristics of the separator are improved. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Separator for alkaline cell comprises double layer film of perfluoro ion exchange membrane of 1.0-2.5 m equiv./g resin in ion exchange capacity, contg. -COOM and/or -SO3M, M is alkaline metal ion, e.g. Na, K, and Li, and oxidisable diaphragm. Thickness of the membrane is 0.1-50 microns. Pref. the film has perfluoro ion exchange membrane at anode side, and oxidisable diaphragm at cathode side. Oxidisable diaphragm comprises cellophane film. Double layer film comprises membrane obtd. by flowing soln. of perfluoro ion exchange resin on oxidisable diaphragm. Alkaline cell uses separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cell. Heat- and chemical-resistance, and electrochemical characteristics of the separator are improved. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Separator for alkaline cell comprises double layer film of perfluoro ion exchange membrane of 1.0-2.5 m equiv./g resin in ion exchange capacity, contg. -COOM and/or -SO3M, M is alkaline metal ion, e.g. Na, K, and Li, and oxidisable diaphragm. Thickness of the membrane is 0.1-50 microns. Pref. the film has perfluoro ion exchange membrane at anode side, and oxidisable diaphragm at cathode side. Oxidisable diaphragm comprises cellophane film. Double layer film comprises membrane obtd. by flowing soln. of perfluoro ion exchange resin on oxidisable diaphragm. Alkaline cell uses separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cell. Heat- and chemical-resistance, and electrochemical characteristics of the separator are improved. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Separator for alkaline cell comprises double layer film of perfluoro ion exchange membrane of 1.0-2.5 m equiv./g resin in ion exchange capacity, contg. -COOM and/or -SO3M, M is alkaline metal ion, e.g. Na, K, and Li, and oxidisable diaphragm. Thickness of the membrane is 0.1-50 microns. Pref. the film has perfluoro ion exchange membrane at anode side, and oxidisable diaphragm at cathode side. Oxidisable diaphragm comprises cellophane film. Double layer film comprises membrane obtd. by flowing soln. of perfluoro ion exchange resin on oxidisable diaphragm. Alkaline cell uses separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cell. Heat- and chemical-resistance, and electrochemical characteristics of the separator are improved. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Separator for alkaline cell comprises double layer film of perfluoro ion exchange membrane of 1.0-2.5 m equiv./g resin in ion exchange capacity, contg. -COOM and/or -SO3M, M is alkaline metal ion, e.g. Na, K, and Li, and oxidisable diaphragm. Thickness of the membrane is 0.1-50 microns. Pref. the film has perfluoro ion exchange membrane at anode side, and oxidisable diaphragm at cathode side. Oxidisable diaphragm comprises cellophane film. Double layer film comprises membrane obtd. by flowing soln. of perfluoro ion exchange resin on oxidisable diaphragm. Alkaline cell uses separator.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cell. Heat- and chemical-resistance, and electrochemical characteristics of the separator are improved. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
In fuel cell operation by supplying fuel into the anodic chamber and oxidant into the cathodic chamber, the anodic chamber is fed with iron pentacarbonyl as fuel and an aq. electrolyte of pH above 9.    The aq. electrolyte is pref. an aq. soln. of an alkali metal hydroxide, pref. of at least 5wt.% concn. (e.g. 30% NaOH soln.) The anodic chamber may be operated at 0-200 bars excess pressure. Pref. additional CO is fed to the anodic chamber.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel can be electrochemically oxidised using precious metal-free anode materials with sufficiently high current densityy at low overvoltage. The fuel can be prepd. in any desired amts. from inexpensive starting materials. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/2)@
A method of making a solid oxide ceramic fuel cell, which has many fuel and oxidant passageways and no inactive support material, comprises separately mixing powders of cathode, electrolyte, interconnect and anode ceramics with binder and plasticiser, and shaping each batch into tape layers by rolling (62), milling, or calendering, with the cathode and anode tape layers incorporating (38) many oriented organic fibres. The four tape layers (26,28,30,32) are formed into a multilayer tape (68), a part of this is cut to shape and processed to remove the organic fibres, leaving many passageways in the cathode and anode. The tape is then sintered to form a fuel cell. Also claimed is a method of making a fuel cell as above comprising assembling many of the green multilayer tapes above into a stack, heating in a furnace where the temp. is increased at a pressurised rate uo to 500 deg.C to remove binder, plasticiser, and the oriented fibres, cell.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Methods, a multilayer tape, and a monolithic green state assembly in the mfr. of solid oxide ceramic fuel cells (claimed) are provided. e cell has many small passageways for oxidant and fuel and contains no nonactive support material. Power densities are increased, with 170 stacked cells 20 cm x 15 cm giving 9 kW.
The alkaline cell comprises the cathode material consisting of a zinc alloy powder and an electrolyte and phenothiazine or its deriv. which is added at the amt. of 0.001-5.0 pts. wt. per 100 pts. wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder having its surface coated with 0.001-5.0 pts. wt. of phenothiazine or its deriv. per 100 pts. wt. of the zinc alloy powder. The phenothiazine typically comprises a cpd. of the formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cells of reduced mercury content. The content of mercury in the cell can be reduced as generation of H2 can be suppressed. The capability of the cell is also improved. In an example, Zn metal was melted and Pb, Al and In were mixed with the molten Zn. The molten Zn alloy powdered using high pressure Ar. Mercury was added to the Zn alloy powder in 10% KOH alkaline soln. Phenothiazine or 2-methoxyphenothiazine was dissolved in toluene, and the amalgamated zinc alloy powder was put in the soln. Toluene was vapourised to obtain the powder with a coating of the phenothiazine or 2-methoxyphenothiazine. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises the cathode material consisting of a zinc alloy powder and an electrolyte and phenothiazine or its deriv. which is added at the amt. of 0.001-5.0 pts. wt. per 100 pts. wt. of the zinc alloy powder.    Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder having its surface coated with 0.001-5.0 pts. wt. of phenothiazine or its deriv. per 100 pts. wt. of the zinc alloy powder. The phenothiazine typically comprises a cpd. of the formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used for alkaline cells of reduced mercury content. The content of mercury in the cell can be reduced as generation of H2 can be suppressed. The capability of the cell is also improved. In an example, Zn metal was melted and Pb, Al and In were mixed with the molten Zn. The molten Zn alloy powdered using high pressure Ar. Mercury was added to the Zn alloy powder in 10% KOH alkaline soln. Phenothiazine or 2-methoxyphenothiazine was dissolved in toluene, and the amalgamated zinc alloy powder was put in the soln. Toluene was vapourised to obtain the powder with a coating of the phenothiazine or 2-methoxyphenothiazine.
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Alkaline cell comprises cathode material comprising zinc alloy powder and electrolyte and aliphatic acid ester of polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan which is added at amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Pref. the cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. of the ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan per 100 wt. pts. of the powder. Aliphatic acid ester of polyoxyethylene sorbitan comprises cpd. of formula (I).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Cathode active material is used for alkaline cell with reduced mercury content. Content of mercury in cell can be reduced as generation of hydrogen can be suppressed. Capability of cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The connector includes an elastic metallic ring (7) provided with two lateral arms (8, 8'). The ring engages a battery terminal (9). One of the arms (8) is pierced by a hole (10) that allows centering an eye-terminal (12) fixed at the extremity of a cable. The arm extremity is bent at a right angle towards the opposite arm in order to create a clearance that prevents crushing of the battery terminal when tightening the connector.    The second arm (8') is also provided with a hole and a bent tongue (16) between two stoppers that support a rotating lever (12). An open elastic ring (20) transmits the traction produced by the lever rotation to the eye-terminal that is thus pressed against the first arm surface.    ADVANTAGE -   Connects car battery to electrical circuit without need of any tool.
The testing device performs small-signal measurements of the battery's dynamic conductance and provides either a proportional numerical readout, displayed in appropriate battery measuring units, or a corresponding qualitative assessment of the battery's relative conduction based upon its electrical rating. In addition, the testing device measures the battery's open-circuit (unloaded) voltage and provides an adjustable device for correcting the dynamic conductance test result in inverse correspondence with the battery's open-circuit voltage relative to its fully-charged value.    By virtue of this correction, the quantitative or qualitative information displayed to the user in the dynamic conductance test is adjusted to comport with that of a fully-charged battery even though the battery may, in actual fact, be only partially charged when tested.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Motor vehicle batteries prevents need to recharge batteries before testing which is costly and time-consuming. @(12pp Dwg.No.3/5)@
The system has an array of solar cells at a first geographical site, an electrically-operated electrolysis unit operable to convert liquid water into gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen and an electrical connection between the solar cells and the electrolysis unit whereby current generated by the solar cells is used to power the electrolysis unit. Electrically operated cryogenic cooling units convert the gaseous hydrogen and oxygen to the liquid state. Current generated by the solar cells is used to power each cryogenic cooling unit.    Transport vehicles have tanks for transporting the liquids from the first geographical site to a second geographical site. Appts. at the second geographical site is connectable to each transport vehiclee for vaporising the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and mixing appts. at the second geographical site mixes the vaporised hydrogen and oxygen in stoichiometric amounts suitable for combustion. Also includes are a boiler, and appts. for introducing the combustion mixture to the boiler whereby the mixture is burned to produce steam.    USE -   /ADVANTAEG - Large electrical utility companies, power plants, vehicle service stations. Low cost.
The alkali cell has a negative electrode material of zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powders. Opt. negative electrode activator comprises 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine coated on 100 pts.wt. the zinc alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen is scarcely generated in the cell at a lower mercury content. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell has a negative electrode material of zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powders. Opt. negative electrode activator comprises 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine coated on 100 pts.wt. the zinc alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen is scarcely generated in the cell at a lower mercury content. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkali cell has a negative electrode material of zinc alloy powders, an electrolyte and 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine to 100 pts.wt. of the zinc alloy powders. Opt. negative electrode activator comprises 0.001-1.0 pts.wt. polyoxyethylene-alkylamine coated on 100 pts.wt. the zinc alloy powders.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen is scarcely generated in the cell at a lower mercury content. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The alkaline cell comprises electrolyte and the cathode material consisting of zinc alloy powder and Na alkyl benzene sulphonate which is added to the alloy powder is the amt. rate of 0.001-1.0 wt. pts. per 100 wt. pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    The cathode active material comprises zinc alloy powder which . surface is coated with 0.001-1.0 wt.pts. of Na alkyl benzene sulphonate per 100 wt.pts. of the zinc alloy powder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cathode active material is used for the alkaline cell with less mercury content. Content of mercury in the cell can be lowered with good suppression of hydrogen generation. Capability of the cell is also improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Lithium aluminate having a high specific surface area is produced by treating raw lithium aluminate powders with (pref. high concn of) acetic acid and then removing acetic acid and water.    ADVANTAGE -   Lithium aluminate having a higher specific surface area can be prepd. in a simple manner as opposed to conventional mechanical pulverisation, which are used as an electrolyte supporting material in molten carbonate fuel cells.    In an example, raw lithium aluminate powders having less than 1 micron average dia. and a specific surface area of 20m2/g were immersed in 98.5 wt. % acetic acid for 20 hrs. filtered off and dried. The resultant lithium aluminate powders had 82.0m2/g specific surface area. @(3pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Flow cell consists of positive and negative compartments containing flowing electrolytes, and separated by an ionically conducting separator which provides ionic communication. The state of charge of the redox flow cell is determined by: measuring a characteristic(s) of the positive or negative electrolytes related to state of charge of the cell; determining the state of charge from the characteristic(s) Pref. the redox flow cell is an all V redox flow cell, the positive electrolyte contains V4+/V5+ and the negative electrolyte contains V2+/V3+. The measured characteristic may be the open circuit voltage, conductivity or the UV visible absorption of the electrolyte(s).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A redox flow cell in which the state of cah)charge can be determined and from which a selected discharge voltage/current can be provided. @(75pp Dwg.No.1/18)@
The solid electrolyte fuel cell, has reactant gases directed by the reactant gas distributor to flow radially between its central and peripheral portions. This avoids the need to provide an overall gas seal between the individual components of the fuel cell. A gas seal, may be provided in selected areas. The individual members of the fuel cell slide freely with respect to one another during thermal expansion or contraction. The radial flow of reactant gas streams reduces the travel path, and hence the concentration gradient, of the reactant gases.    The discharged reactant gases are burnt in a combustion chamber and the resulting heat of combustion is used in the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Solid electrolyte fuel cell has improved reliability and characteristics. @(16pp Dwg.No.1A/12)@
Minimising effects of CO poisoning in a fuel cell with a catalytic electrode structure comprises injecting an amt. of O2 into the CO-contg. H2 fuel stream upstream of the fuel cell. The O2 oxidises the CO adjacent to the electrode structure at 160 deg.C or less and raises the cell performance towards that using pure H2. Also claimed is a method in which the amt. of O2 added is adjusted to restore the cell performance to a selected level relative to that with pure H2 (Fig.).    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A method of minimising the effect of CO poisoning on the performance of fuel cells, esp. PEM cells, is provided. Also the CO tolerance of phosphoric acid fuel cells is improved. The invention is esp. useful where methanol reforming provides the fuel, since CO tends to be present. Low temp. cell operation is now possible. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Process is described for mfg. a perovskite-type cpd. represented by    La1=xM1xM203 delta    in which M1 = Sr, Mg, Ca, or Ba; M2 = Co, Fe, or Mn; delta = 0 -0.5. aq nitric acid soln. is prepared by dissolving oxides or carbonates of the metals. The soln. is pyrolised at 400-600 deg. C in air to obtain a fine-grained powder before mould -processing the powder and heat-treating at 1100-1400 deg.C in air to obtain sintering.
A fuel reformer of a fuel cell to reform hydrocarbon and steam to a H2-rich gas comprises a laminated layer of composite reformer plates having grooves to flow feed gas and grooves to flow reformed gas placed at both sides of a gas-non-transmittable plate, respectively, crossing at a right angle to each other, reforming catalyst being supported in the feed gas grooves on the plate to contact with the feed gas and a combusting catalyst being supported in the reformed gas grooves on the plate.    USE -   Heat generated by the combusting catalyst is used for reforming. @(5pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Copper-ammonia rayon prepn. method comprises dispersing raw material of oxide superconductive substance i.e. cpd. contg. Y, Ba, Ca, Sr or Tl and mixing in copper-ammonia soln. in which cellulose is dissolved. When fibre is spun from cpd. dispersed soln., only surface of fibre is formed with cellulose, then fibre is calcined to form ceramic fibre.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Method is used for prepn. of superconductive ceramic fibre. Continuous and flexible single fibre of superconductive ceramics can be easkly obtd.    In an example, copper-ammonia soln. was prepd. by ordinary method. Linters were dissolved in soln. BaSO4 and Y2O3 were suspended in soln. to make atomic wt. ratio of Y:Ba:Cu to 1:2:3 to make stock soln. Stock soln. was spun into fibre with flow-down tension spinning machine. Flow-down distance was shorter than that by ordinary method, and spun fibre was contacted with warm water for limited time. Only surface of spun fibre was solidified. Fibre was soaked in diluted H2SO4 bath (1-2 %) for certain time. Fibre was dried and calcined at 950 deg C for 2 hrs. in oxygen atmos. Dia. of fibre: 100 microns, Tc : 90 K. @(2pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Copper-ammonia rayon prepn. method comprises dispersing raw material of oxide superconductive substance i.e. cpd. contg. Y, Ba, Ca, Sr or Tl and mixing in copper-ammonia soln. in which cellulose is dissolved. When fibre is spun from cpd. dispersed soln., only surface of fibre is formed with cellulose, then fibre is calcined to form ceramic fibre.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Method is used for prepn. of superconductive ceramic fibre. Continuous and flexible single fibre of superconductive ceramics can be easkly obtd.    In an example, copper-ammonia soln. was prepd. by ordinary method. Linters were dissolved in soln. BaSO4 and Y2O3 were suspended in soln. to make atomic wt. ratio of Y:Ba:Cu to 1:2:3 to make stock soln. Stock soln. was spun into fibre with flow-down tension spinning machine. Flow-down distance was shorter than that by ordinary method, and spun fibre was contacted with warm water for limited time. Only surface of spun fibre was solidified. Fibre was soaked in diluted H2SO4 bath (1-2 %) for certain time. Fibre was dried and calcined at 950 deg C for 2 hrs. in oxygen atmos. Dia. of fibre: 100 microns, Tc : 90 K. @(2pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Copper-ammonia rayon prepn. method comprises dispersing raw material of oxide superconductive substance i.e. cpd. contg. Y, Ba, Ca, Sr or Tl and mixing in copper-ammonia soln. in which cellulose is dissolved. When fibre is spun from cpd. dispersed soln., only surface of fibre is formed with cellulose, then fibre is calcined to form ceramic fibre.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Method is used for prepn. of superconductive ceramic fibre. Continuous and flexible single fibre of superconductive ceramics can be easkly obtd.    In an example, copper-ammonia soln. was prepd. by ordinary method. Linters were dissolved in soln. BaSO4 and Y2O3 were suspended in soln. to make atomic wt. ratio of Y:Ba:Cu to 1:2:3 to make stock soln. Stock soln. was spun into fibre with flow-down tension spinning machine. Flow-down distance was shorter than that by ordinary method, and spun fibre was contacted with warm water for limited time. Only surface of spun fibre was solidified. Fibre was soaked in diluted H2SO4 bath (1-2 %) for certain time. Fibre was dried and calcined at 950 deg C for 2 hrs. in oxygen atmos. Dia. of fibre: 100 microns, Tc : 90 K. @(2pp Dwg.No.0/0)
In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
In a composite anode of the Li sec. cell consisting of inorganic anodic active substance and organic anodic active substance, the inorganic anodic active substance is bonded to the organic anodic active substance with covalent bond.    Prepn. comprises treating both or one of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance powder/film with silane coupling agent soln., and pressing mixt. of the inorganic anodic active substance powder and the organic anodic active substance, or making the inorganic active substance impregnated into porous film of the organic anodic active substance by pressing to make formed article.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The composite anode is used for the lithium sec. cell. Capacity and life of the anode of the lithium sec. cell are improved. @(8pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Ceramic conductor has an insulating ceramic material coating on electrically conductive ceramic material.    The ceramic conductor is made by hot reducing a stock od oxide ceramics material at high-temps. and in high vacuum; hot oxidising it in high-temp. oxidising atmos. to form the electrical conductive ceramic layer inside, and insulating ceramic layer in the outer coating portion.    USE -   For current passing electrodes for using in high-temp. or highly corrosive environment. @(6pp Dwg.No.4/6)@
A spring is provided for at least one of the adjacent cable-ends of each of the pair of cables, the spring being operative to assure forceful and electrically conductive contact between the adjacent cable-ends contact when the first body member and second body member are relatively rotated. The cable end contacts are in registration, this being the first relative position of the first body member and the second body member.    The relative rotatable movement of the first and second body members are such that in the second relative position of the body members the contacts of the adjacent ends of the cables are out of registration and thus non-conductive electrically. This provides safety by providing that the electrical conductivity of the cables is blocked except when the user, in a position of safety removed from the location of connection of the cables to either battery, moves the switch components to electrically-conducting condition by manual manipulation at such position of safety away from the location of either battery.    USE -   To avoid the danger of battery explosion when 'jumping' between disabled and running vehicles. @(7pp Dwg.No.1/7)@
Nb3Sn superconducting wire material is made by charging other matrix powder into at least one of tube body of Sn-alloy matrix, Cu-matrix, and Nb-matrix contg. 0.1-15 at% one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf, or charging other matrix powder into the Sn-alloy matrix and/or Nb-alloy matrix tube; working to wire, tape, or tube, followed by diffusion heat treating at 400-950 deg C to form Nb3Sn cpd. phase contg. Ti, Zr, or Hf on the periphery of Nb-matrix.    USE -   For Nb3Sn superconducting wire, having improved formability and intense magnetic field characteristics. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Nb3Sn superconducting wire material is made by charging other matrix powder into at least one of tube body of Sn-alloy matrix, Cu-matrix, and Nb-matrix contg. 0.1-15 at% one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf, or charging other matrix powder into the Sn-alloy matrix and/or Nb-alloy matrix tube; working to wire, tape, or tube, followed by diffusion heat treating at 400-950 deg C to form Nb3Sn cpd. phase contg. Ti, Zr, or Hf on the periphery of Nb-matrix.    USE -   For Nb3Sn superconducting wire, having improved formability and intense magnetic field characteristics. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Nb3Sn superconducting wire material is made by charging other matrix powder into at least one of tube body of Sn-alloy matrix, Cu-matrix, and Nb-matrix contg. 0.1-15 at% one or more of Ti, Zr, and Hf, or charging other matrix powder into the Sn-alloy matrix and/or Nb-alloy matrix tube; working to wire, tape, or tube, followed by diffusion heat treating at 400-950 deg C to form Nb3Sn cpd. phase contg. Ti, Zr, or Hf on the periphery of Nb-matrix.    USE -   For Nb3Sn superconducting wire, having improved formability and intense magnetic field characteristics. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
Fuel reformer comprises container, double reactor tube arranged vertically in container, plug tube arranged concentrically inside inner tube of reactor tube and having opened upper end and closed lower end, baffle extending radially inside from upper end of inner tube and bent on midway and hanged down into opened upper end of plug tube while lower end is opened.    ADVANTAGE -   Foreign matter can be prevented from entering descending raw material. @(9pp Dwg.No.1/4)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
(JP2068864-A)      Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%.
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
Li cell comprises a negative electrode activator of Li (alloy) and a positive electrode of Li reacted with urea resin and electrolytically oxidised.    ADVANTAGE -   Cell has improved discharge capacity density and reduced self-discharge, as the discharge energy density is increased.    In an example, a positive electrode cpd. is prepd. by mixing 80 wt.pts. 50% urea resin aq. soln., 20 wt.pts. conductive C and 20 wt.pts. water for 6 hrs., air dried, pulverised, press moulded at 130 deg.C washed for 1 hour, vacuum dried for 2 hours at 40 deg.C, dipped in propylene carbonate contg. 1 mol/l Li perchlorate, electrolysed for 20 hrs. with a Li positive electrode at 5 mA, held for 28 hrs., and then electrolysed for 20 hrs. with Li negative electrode to form a positive electrode. A cell is mfd. using the electrode, which has a discharge capacity at 14 mAH and is kept for 100 cycles and self-discharge is increased to 4%. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/5)@
New intercalation cpds. (I) consist of mainly 2-dimensional crosslinked layers of mol. with high aromaticity. They consist mainly of C atoms, in which each layer consists of a single mol. The layers are stacked above one another and bound together by charge exchange bonds. They are stacked regularly, so that they have an anisotropic solid structure on macroscopic viewing in the polarisation microscope. The charge exchange bonds are produced by different contents of non-C atoms mainly N, S, Se and metal atoms, in the layer planes. (I) are produced from anisotropic intercalation precursors (II), which are also new, composed of monomeric mols.    Pref. (II) consist of stacks of mols., each stack comprising a no. of monomeric mols., and can be melted or dissolved. The mols. taking part in charge exchange are mesogenic polycyclic, predominantly aromatic mols., comprising metallised and/or unmetallised porphin, azaporphin, tetracyanoquinodimethane, tetrachalkogenafulvalene, tetrachalkogenapolyacene, phenochalkogenaazine and/or phenazine derivs.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   (I) are claimed for use as electroconductive materials, esp. electrode materials in batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells and electrosynthesis; as superconductors; as catalysts for chemical and electrochemical reactions; and as electroconductive fillers. (I) satisfy the requirements for corrosion resistance, thermal stability, catalytic activity, mechanical strength and electrical conductivity.
Prepn. of quat. ammonium borohydrides (I) and quat. phosphonium borohydrides (II) in an electrolysis cell with an anode contg. anolyte compartment and a cathode contg. catholyte compartment sepd. by a divider comprises: a) charging teh anolyte compartment with an anolyte comprising an aq. soln. of a quat. ammonium or quat. phosphonium salt b) charging the charging the catholyte compartment with a catholyte comprising an aq. soln. prepd. from a quat. ammonium- or quat. phosphonium boron oxide c) passing a current through the cell to produce (I) or (II) in the catholyte compartment d) removing at least a portion of the catholyte from the catholyte compartment.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The prod. catholyte soln. may be used for reductive bleaching of paper pulp or the redn. of various organic cpds. Prods. obtd. from D2O and/or T2O enriched aq. solns. are useful for transferring deuterium or tritium to an organic cpd., e.g. a pharmaceutical, useful for tracing metabolic pathways in biological systems. The process may be batchwise or continuous and catalysts may be added to increase current efficiency.
A structure is provided for connection to the battery of the automobile in which the booster cables are mounted. A spring wound reel maintains the battery booster cables in compact, stored condition, with the cables being easily extended for use in boosting either the battery in the automobile in which the booster cables are mounted or a battery in an adjacent automobile.    The retractable battery booster cables include a housing for the spring wound reel and a unique structure for electrically connecting the cables connected to the battery to the extendable and retractable booster cable. The booster cables are provided with an alternate arrangement for connection to an adjacent vehicle with the alternate arrangement including a battery clamp arrangement or a plug-in type of connector.    USE -   Retractable battery booster cables adapted to be mounted on an automobile. @(6pp Dwg.No.1/6)@@
The optical magnetic recording medium has base, dielectric film, magnetic film and reflective film composed of titanium nitride.    Transparent dielectric film of 65nm thickness composed of silicon nitride, is formed on polycarbonate transparent base, then magnetic film of 35nm thickness composed of rare earth-transition metal alloy of TbFeCo is formed, and further reflective film of 100nm thickness composed of titanium nitride is formed by spattering. Glass, polymethyl methacrylate, epoxy and photopolymer can be also used as base, and aluminium nitride, Si-Al-O-N and silicon nitride can be also used as dielectric film. TbFe, GdTbFe, GdTbFeCo, DyTbFe, DyTbFeCo, TbCo, GdTbCo, NdDyFeCo, NdTbFeCo and GdDyFeCo can be also used as rare earth-transition metal alloy thin film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Optical magnetic recording medium of high reflectivity, high C/N rate, and high recording sensitivity can be mfd. with low cost. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/2)
Reaction tube appts. comprises a reaction tube partitioned with heat-conductive wall(s) into an exothermic reaction chamber and an endothermic raction chamber; the wall carrying an exothermic catalyst and endothermic catalyst on the sides.    USE -   For reformers for fuel cells. @(4pp Dwg.No.1,2/2)@
Prepn. of the thermally contractible resin material for electromagnetic shielding consisting of the conductive shielding resin layer of thermoplastic resin mixed with conductive fibres, and the insulating sheath resin layer of only thermoplastic resin comprises forming the conductive fibre bundle by packing long size conductive fibres into bundles with the bundling agent made of thermoplastic resin, or which softening point is up to 10-70 deg.C lower than that of base resin for base of the conductive shield resin layer, with additive of organic titanate coupling agent; forming conductive resin pellets by cutting the conductive fibre bundle coated with resin in designated length, after the resin coating is applied on the conductive fibre bundle with the thermoplastic resin of which softening point is not only higher than that of the bundling agent but also lower than that of the base resin; forming the resin material through mixing, heating and kneading the conductive resin pellets and the base resin with a extruding machine to make molten conductive resin, and then throughextrusion of the conductive resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is used for prepn. of thermally contractible resin for electromagnetic shielding of the wire. Good shielding can be prepd. with less amt. of the fibres. S.G. of the conductive resin can be made smaller. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prepn. of the thermally contractible resin material for electromagnetic shielding consisting of the conductive shielding resin layer of thermoplastic resin mixed with conductive fibres, and the insulating sheath resin layer of only thermoplastic resin comprises forming the conductive fibre bundle by packing long size conductive fibres into bundles with the bundling agent made of thermoplastic resin, or which softening point is up to 10-70 deg.C lower than that of base resin for base of the conductive shield resin layer, with additive of organic titanate coupling agent; forming conductive resin pellets by cutting the conductive fibre bundle coated with resin in designated length, after the resin coating is applied on the conductive fibre bundle with the thermoplastic resin of which softening point is not only higher than that of the bundling agent but also lower than that of the base resin; forming the resin material through mixing, heating and kneading the conductive resin pellets and the base resin with a extruding machine to make molten conductive resin, and then throughextrusion of the conductive resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is used for prepn. of thermally contractible resin for electromagnetic shielding of the wire. Good shielding can be prepd. with less amt. of the fibres. S.G. of the conductive resin can be made smaller. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Prepn. of the thermally contractible resin material for electromagnetic shielding consisting of the conductive shielding resin layer of thermoplastic resin mixed with conductive fibres, and the insulating sheath resin layer of only thermoplastic resin comprises forming the conductive fibre bundle by packing long size conductive fibres into bundles with the bundling agent made of thermoplastic resin, or which softening point is up to 10-70 deg.C lower than that of base resin for base of the conductive shield resin layer, with additive of organic titanate coupling agent; forming conductive resin pellets by cutting the conductive fibre bundle coated with resin in designated length, after the resin coating is applied on the conductive fibre bundle with the thermoplastic resin of which softening point is not only higher than that of the bundling agent but also lower than that of the base resin; forming the resin material through mixing, heating and kneading the conductive resin pellets and the base resin with a extruding machine to make molten conductive resin, and then throughextrusion of the conductive resin.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The method is used for prepn. of thermally contractible resin for electromagnetic shielding of the wire. Good shielding can be prepd. with less amt. of the fibres. S.G. of the conductive resin can be made smaller. @(7pp Dwg.No.0/0)
Structure consists of a ceramic honeycomb having many cells inside, a buffer material wound around the ceramic honeycomb, and a metal container housing the buffer material and having an exhaust gas inlet port facing the front and back sides of the ceramic honeycomb, the face to be touched by the ceramic honeycomb of the buffer material has many holes and/or many grooves.    The buffer material is composed mainly of an inorganic fibre, vermiculite, and an organic binder.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The exhaust gas-purifying structure to be used in catalyst converter or filter in internal combustion engine, etc., has high mechanical strength against thermal expansion, etc., and can be safely used even when used repeatedly at high-temp. @(4pp Dwg.No.0/2)
For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
For a cell cooling water system including a polisher consisting of ion exchange resin, a filtering device, an active coal filter, etc., a condensation rate defined by supply water quantity / (water quantity through the polisher blowdown quantity to a water processing device) is set at less than 2.0 and a recovery rate defined by the water quantity through the polisher / blowdown quantity is set at 1.0 - 4.0.    USE -   Impurities in cooling water can be removed effectively. Choking in a cooling tube can be prevented. @(6pp Dwg.No.0/6)
Cell comprises gas diffusion electrode with active substance of oxygen, the cell casing having air in-take for outside air, and composite film, consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) thin film and at least one layer of micro-porous film supporting thin film, which is placed between the air in-take side of the gas diffusion electrode and the inner surface of the casing.    Pref. the thin film side consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) of the composite film is attached to the inner surface of the cell casing, and the gas diffusion electrode is directly attached to the micro-porous film side of the composite film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is used for long time purpose. Practical capability of the cell is good in wide range of use from heavy load to light load. Electrolyte leakage resistance and long time storage property are improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
Cell comprises gas diffusion electrode with active substance of oxygen, the cell casing having air in-take for outside air, and composite film, consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) thin film and at least one layer of micro-porous film supporting thin film, which is placed between the air in-take side of the gas diffusion electrode and the inner surface of the casing.    Pref. the thin film side consisting of poly(2,2'-dimethyl phenylene oxide) of the composite film is attached to the inner surface of the cell casing, and the gas diffusion electrode is directly attached to the micro-porous film side of the composite film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is used for long time purpose. Practical capability of the cell is good in wide range of use from heavy load to light load. Electrolyte leakage resistance and long time storage property are improved. @(6pp Dwg.No.1,2/3)@
A pressurised gas generator consists of a liq. container communicating with two gas collection containers, each of which has an electrode and a float valve and at least one of which has an operating/excess pressure valve, a separator being located between the electrodes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The generator is used to produce H2 for storage and further energy recovery, as well as O2 e.g. for water aeration, by electrolysis of KOH, NaOH, dil. H2SO4 or even seawater. Its operation is automatically controlled without electrical regulating appts. It is safe and reliable and can be operated by solar cells. @(6pp Dwg.No. 1/4)@
Control of an electrolytic H2 prod. system, consisting of an electrolyser a rectifier for direct current /voltage supply and separators for electrolyte sepn. from the H2 and O2 product gases, is effected by regulating the current strength of the direct current/voltage supply in accordance with the H2 and/or O2 flow rate after electrolyte sepn.    The current strength is pref. continuously regulated, pref. in accordance with the withdrawn amount of H2 and/or O2. Pref. the system is a pressurised electrolysis system.    ADVANTAGE -   The process allows flexible response to operational disturbances and fluctuations in gas demand. @(4pp Dwg.No.1/1)@
The safety device comprises a voltmeter and a circuit breaker wired in series with selected accessories of a motor vehicle. The accessories, in turn, are wired in parallel with each other and with the starter motor. In one embodiment, the starter motor, however, is wired directly to the battery without a circuit breaker or safety device. The device may be located directly adjacent the battery or, alternatively, may be located remotely therefrom.    Since the starter is wired directly to the battery without intervention from the safety device of the present invention, it can freely draw available current from the battery. In contrast, the selected accessories can draw current from the battery only after it has passed through the circuit breaker of the present invention. The device monitors the battery voltage and if it drops below a predetermined level the circuitry interrupts current to the selected accessories.- In this way, no current can be drawn by the accessories and maximum power is available for the starter motor.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Car. Critical acessories, such as hazard flashers, may be wired to bypass the safety device by means of manual override switch, or by parallel wiring analogous to starter motor.
A fuel cell system comprises: several fuel cells connected electrically through a load, where each cell comprises a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte; an autothermal reformer for partial oxidn. and steam reforming reactions; means for introducing fuel through autothermal reformer; means for delivering gases from the autothermal reformer to the anode chamber; means for delivering gases from heat recovery means to a burner; means for introducing pre-heated air to burner for burning excess fuel; means for delivering resulting gases to cathode chamber; means for delivering effluent gases from cathode chamber to autothermal reformer; means for exhausting excess gases, the water produced in the anode chamber and excess O2 in cathode chamber are utilised in autothermal reformer for partial oxidn. and steam reformation reactions.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improved molten carbonate fuel cell system which utilises the cathode exhaust of the reformer, and does not recycle the anode gas.
For generating electricity, a fuel is catalytically converted into gas containing CO and another containing H2 and they are passed to a shift reactor where a part of the CO is converted to H2 by forming a gas containing H2, which is passed to the anode space of a fuel cell unit. The temperatures of the fuel cell unit and the reactor do not differ more than 50 deg.C. The fuel cell temperature is at least 125 deg.C.    The fuel cell unit is kept at a temperature at which process steam can be used for heating for supplying the fuel cell. The two gases are cooled to the working temperaturee of the reactor for forming process steam. A single steam circuit is used, and excess heat is used for another process. The H2 containing gas is cooled to condense out the main part of impurities. The fuel can be naphtha, natural gas and gases obtained from refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Good control and stability with high heat recovery.
A high-strength, flat-plate type solid electrolyte fuel cell comprises air supply paths (7) to the air electrodes, through grooves of flat-plate separators (3), air exhaust paths (8) for excess air, fuel supply paths (14) to fuel electrodes and discharge paths (15) for excess fuel. A cell member (1) includes a metal flat-plate separator, air electrode (4), solid electrolyte and fuel electrode (6), at least two cell members being stacked in layers. The separator has many grooves and a layer of air electrode is formed upon it, followed by a film of solid electrolyte and a layer of fuel electrode. Spacers (10) are arranged along the peripheries of the stacked separators.    Also claimed is a fuel cell as above, but specifying that fuel rather than air supply paths pass through grooves of the separators.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A flat-plate type solid electrolyte fuel cell (claimed) which is strong enough to tolerate multiple stacking, may be of large area, and is resistant to long-time deterioration, is provided. Layer spen. is also avoided and uniform heat distribution increases cell performance.
In an electrolyte container (10) for a H2/O2 fuel cell a container (11) with a variable surface is provided. The inner container (11) has an outlet (15) through which electrolyte is pumped away. A length of tubing (16) with openings (17) is fixed to the outlet and to the wall of the inner container (11) which pref. is shaped like a pleated bellows. The size of the holes in the tubing pref. increases with distance from the outlet and the area of the holes summed is pref. greater than the area of the outlet. (15).    Both the inner container (11) and the tube (16) pref. consist of a plastic, pref. polytetra fluoroethylene (PTFE). Pref. the inlet opening into the inner container (11) provides a flow rate of about 400 1/hour and so causes strong turbulence. Therefore only 5-10 holes are required in the tubing to ensure that no large accumulations of gas occur. The variation in the area of the holes ensures that even at the holes furthest away from the outlet (15) significant suction still exists.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The arrangement avoids gas-concentrations occurring in the electrolyte container, which might interrupt the cell operation either in gravity free conditions or when accelerating or decelerating. The fuel-cell is pref. used for space-flight systems.
A divided electrochemical cell with a solid electrolyte is operated with non-softened, non-desalinated feed water by (a) supplying the feed water (6) directly to the anode chamber (3) of the cell; (b) supplying an acid (7) to the cathode chamber (5) in amount sufficient to dissolve the entire amount of hardness former which migrates into the cathode chamber; (c) withdrawing the resulting soln., together with excess acid, part of the excess water and the cathode side gaseous reaction products, from the cathode chamber (5); and (d) neutralising the excess acid and precipitating the dissolved hardness former outside the cell.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The process is used to operate electrochemical cells, e.g. ozone cells, equiped with solid electrolytes of polymers based on perfluorinated sulpho-acids. It avoids the need for expensive separate feed water prepn.
A plate for a bipolar battery comprises: (a) a planar substrate of plastic conductive material; (b) a mesh of metallic wire disposed within the surface of the substrate on both sides so that a portion of the surfaces of the metallic wire is exposed above the substrate surface thereby dividing it into discrete surface areas; (c) positive active material adhered to one of the sides of the substrate in contact with the discrete surface areas and the exposed surfaces of metallic wire; and (d) negative active material adhered to the other of the sides of the substrate in contact with the discrete surface areas and the exposed surfaces of the metallic wire.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For use in atuomobiles, has reduced weight with improved conductivity and adhesion of active material. (Previously notified in week 9013)
Appts. comprises a liner heat-shield layer adhered to the inner surface of a riser pipe to guide the combustion gas from a burner detect in a lower part of a fuel store vessel. The layer is for moderating the thermal shock applied to the pipe.    USE -   For fuel cell generator systems.
(JP2517750-B2)      Fused salt fuel battery prepn. comprises laminating unit batteries that are prepd. by impregnating porous electrode matrices with alkali metal carbonate electrolyte, then heating to fuse and providing receptor allowing gas flow of oxidising agent and fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   Internal resistance of battery decreases due to uniform impregnation of electrolyte. The battery maintains a high performance for a long period of time. The mfr. is simple.
Electrochemical cell assembly includes pairs of adjacent gas porous plates (18,20) joined to form integral structure that is electrically and thermally conductive and includes a region blocking the flow of gas and electrolyte. Both plates have electrically and thermally conductive particles which are joined together so as to leave a void structure between them, the particles defining boundaries for both plates spaced from each other by a region which is filled with binder (58). The binder extends through the boundaries of both plates into the void structures to form layers of particles in binder in both of them and electrically and thermally conductive particles are disposed in the region between the plates to form a thrid layer of particles in binder. This layer has one surface adjacent the surface on one porous plate and a second surface adjacent the surface of the second porous plate, the boundaries of both surfaces merging with the boundaries of respective plates.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Electrochemical cell is esp. a phosphoric acid fuel cell producing power by electrochemically consuming a fuel and an oxidant The layer of binder prevents the fuel and oxidnat from mixing. The construction of plates and binder reduces the cost and complexity of the cell in mfr. and provides a structure which cannot separate.
the starter battery is temporarily loaded with an electrical resistance and the voltage drop across the resistor is measured. The measured voltage is compared with the anticipated value to determine the cold starting capability of the battery.    The time variation of the voltage drop across the starter can be observed and evaluated. The difference between the battery's unloaded voltage and the voltage minimum occurring during the starting process can be measured and compared with a defined threshold.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Pref. for vehicle lead-acid accumulator. Enables factors affecting battery capability to be taken account of and requires no additional operating costs for its use.
An electrochemical generator apparatus contains an electrochemical cell assembly, which comprises a series of cells and insulation materials in the form of porous partition boards between cell bundles, porous generator insulation, porous cell support boards, porous fuel entry distribution boards and porous fuel conditioner boards. A gaseous fuel contg. hydrocarbons the insulation materials of which at least one is impregnated with a material where the metal is selected from: (a) Mg, Ca-Al, Sr-Al and their mixtures, and (b) the above metals plus NINi.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The invention is used in fuel cells employing hydrocarbon fuel gas at high temps. The metals impregnated form oxides, which prevent deterioration of the cell assembly due to carbon deposition from the fuel; any elemental Ni formed is effective as a fuel-reforming medium.
An installer's warning circuit comprises an insulated test probe mounted on each negative terminal clamp. An insulated test conductor electrically interconnects each test probe with a positive insulated electrical cable. A diode and a resistor are mounted on each negative terminal clamp and connected in series with each other and with the test probe mounted on the same one of negative terminal clamp by means of the same test conductors.    Each terminal clamp comprises two jaws, with one test probe mounted on one jaw and a warning device mounted on the other jaw. The warning device is exposed to view when the test probe is hidden from view. Each insulated test conductor is connected with the positive insulated electrical cable close to the clamp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In a battery jumper cable. Has improved safety.
When a high power fuel cell is disconnected from its normal electrical load, it is necessary to provide a dummy load to discharge it. The output (VFC) of the fuel cell (1) is fed to its normal load (3) via a level converter (2). When its normal operation is interrupted, a signal is fed, via a control circuit (4) to a relay coil (9).    The contacts (9b) of the relay close and connect the cell output across a resistive voltage divider (10,11). A dividend voltage (VST) is fed via a zener diode (12) and limiting resistor (14) to a transistor (13), which switches a dummy resistive load (7) across the cell output.    USE -   Fuel cells having output power of several kilowatts.
The connectors include mateable pin and socket terminals that are of split tube design to achieve inward deflection of the pin terminal and outward deflection of the socket terminal with correspondingly high contact forces and large contact surface areas. The terminals are securely mounted in housings that are mateable with one another.    One housing pref. includes helically formed cam slots that are dimensioned to receive cam followers unitarily moulded with the opposed housing. The helical cam slot provides a desirable mechanical advantage during mating and unmating and contributes to the multiple directional wiping of the terminals insert moulded there.    USE -   Pair of electrical connectors to enable quick connection or disconnection of a lead from an automotive battery.
The protection apparatus includes a switching device connected to a battery cell, the switch connecting and disconnecting the battery cell with a load.    A voltage detecter is connected across the battery cell by the switching device.    The voltage detecter measures the terminal voltage of the battery cell and provides a detection signal.    A comparator coupled to the voltage detecter receives the detection signal.    The comparator generates a comparator output signal when the terminal voltage measured by the detecter exceeds a predetermined voltage value. The trip circuit is coupled to the comparator and the switching device, the trip circuit opens switching means to disconnect the battery cell from the load in response to the comparator output signal.    USE -   Solar battery or fuel cell.    (First major country equivalent to J02033863)
Fuel reformer comprises reforming furnace having recess at inner wall, burner provided in recess for ejecting flame inside reforming furnace, and reforming reaction tube filled with catalyst. Gas is reformed in reaction tube heated by burner when it passes through tube.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal degradation of burner can be prevented even when burner is not made of special material.
A separator for lead/acid batteries for the starting of motor vehicles is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, or their mixts. and the sheets are 0.15-0.35 mm (0.25mm) thick. The marginal areas (4) have equidistant ribs (2) to produce pockets by heat or ultrasonics. The front of the separator has equidistant ribs (2) with two counter ribs (3, 3') on the other side. The ribs (2) are e.g. 0.75 mm high and the ribs (3, 3') 0.3 mm. The distance between the ribs (3, 3') is much smaller than between the ribs (2).    ADVANTAGE -   Such a separator has adequate compressibility and restoring capability to compensate thickness fluctuations of the electrode plates and separators.
A rechargeable sodium and sulphuryl chloride sec. electrical battery cell comprises: (1) an enclosed vessel; (2) an anode reactant material, which includes sodium, in a first compartment of the vessel; (3) a sulphuryl chloride reactant catholyte reactant material in a second, lower compartment of the vessel; (4) a solid electrolyte which transports sodium ions, placed between the first and second compartments, and therefore between the first and second reactant materials; (5) a means of reactant recombination, including an empty chamber at the top of the vessel; this stores and recombines the gaseous prods. of cell discharge and returns them to the second compartment of the vessel; (6) means of controlling the temp. of the first and second compartments at the cell reaction temp., and (7) means for controlling the temp. of the recombination chamber at a (lower) recombination temp.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is intended for use in automobiles, aircraft and spacecraft. The cell can provide energy densities in the region of 100 watt-hours per pound, compared with, e.g., 50 watt-hours per pound for the sodium-sulphur cell. The cell design overcomes the previously encountered difficulties of recharging such cells.
An electrochemical generator appts. contains an electrochemical cell assembly comprising at least one electrochemical cell (10) contg. a fuel electrode (18). A fuel (46) contg. hydrocarbons contacts the fuel electrode.    The fuel electrode is impregnated with chemicals which form metal oxides on heating, where the metal of the oxide is selected from Mg, Ca plus Al, Sr plus Al, Zr, Y, Ce and their mixts.    The electrochemical cell (10) comprises a porous fuel electrode (18) contg. Ni, an air electrode (14) and a solid electrolyte (16) between them. The metal of the oxide is Mg, Ca plus Al, or Sr plus Al. Most pref. the oxide is MgO formed by heating Mg nitrate, Mg acetate, or their mixts. The metal oxide attracts any water present in the fuel, and the adsorbed water provides oxygen to combine with carbon from the decomposing hydrocarbon fuel.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The invention is intended for fuel cells operating at 800-1200 deg.C with a hydrocarbon fuel feed, and prevents carbon formation on the anode electrode, exposed electrolyte and metal fibre current collector felts.
High temp. water contg. heavy metals is flowed through an adsorbing tower packed with electrolytic MnO2 to purify the water and an alkali is added to the water to neutralise it.    ADVANTAGE -   As H2SO4 dissolved from electrolytic MnO2 is neutralised with the alkali, corrosion of various pipes and a tank is prevented and heavy metals in the high temp. cooling water are adsorbed.    In an example electrolytic MnO2 is the most suitable for adsorbing heavy metals in the high temp. cooling water but contains under 1.5% sulphate, which is dissolved in the high temp. water (150-225 deg.C) to form H2SO4. To prevent corrosion of pipes, the alkali is added in such an amt. that the treated water becomes a little alkaline. The cooling water containing heavy metals is passed through a cooling pipe 2, a gas/liquid separator and a lot of pipes. It is fed to a high temp. adsorbing tower by a pump, where electrolytic MnO2 are packed, which is effectively adsorbed heavy metals in high temp. water, e.g. cooling water of fuel cell. As Cl and SO4 are not adsorbed on MnO2, a part of the cooling water is taken out from a valve and after passing through a cooler to drop the temp. of water to 40-60 deg.C, the cooling water is treated by a low temp. purifying device packed with ion exchange resin. The treated water is pressed by a pump, heated by a heater and returned to the gas/liquid separator.
Mineral acid is used as a regenerant and the chemical reaction between the filter medium to be regenerated and aq. soln. of mineral acid is effected above room temp. and below the temp. at which the filter medium loses its water of crystallisation.    Appts. comprises a vessel which holds a cartridge contg. used MnO2, a tank filled with an aq. soln. of a mineral acid, a heater, a circulating pump and hand valves.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Used MnO2 is regenerated and reused.
High temp. adsorption column loading adsorbing filter material is in flow pass of high temp. treating water, and heavy metal corrosion prods. of Cu or Fe in water are removed. Appts. uses filter material of electrolyte manganese dioxide of which sulphate is eluted by flowing high temp. pure water.    USE -   Corrosion prods. eluted from pipe or heat exchanger and used in high temp. cooling water or fuel cell are removed.
The appts. cleans treating water contg. heavy metal corrosion prods. under a high temp. state. The appts. has a backwashing water supplier for a high temp. adsorption column contg. an adsorption filter material of manganese dioxide, and has backwashing water exhausting appts.    USE -   The appts. removes corrosion prods. dissolved in cooling water of fuel cells at the high temp. state.
In a line for circulating cooling water of fuel cell are arranged in series a device filled with adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metal in hot condition and a device for injecting Fe ion to the water.    ADVANTAGE -   Adhesion of Fe ion or of activated Fe cpd. can provide anticorrosive property to surface of metal to suppress elution of Cu, etc. from cooling pipe to increase life of the cooling pipe.
An electrolytic cell producing a mixt. of hydrogen and oxygen from water has an elongated tank, two electrodes mounted at opposite ends of the tank and connected to the poles of a source of direct current, spaced transversal conductive plates between the electrodes insulated from one another and delimiting non-communicating volumes between them, and a cover closing the tank with a gas outlet.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   For a torch. The electrodes are easily cooled, the level of electrolyte can be controlled simply, and a large transformer is not needed.
A platinum black air cathode consists of an electrically conductive, gas porous, hydrophobic support layer and an electrolye porous active layer; the support layer comprises an intimate mixt. of carbon particles and hydrophobic polymer, and the active layer comprises finely divided platinum catalyst particles intimately and uniformly blended with a halogenated polymer binder.    Pref. the active layer contains between 0.1 and 10 wt.% binder and the binder is a fluorinated polymer, most pref. polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer copolymer, and pref. the catalyst in the active layer is particulate platinum black and/or platinum on finely divided carbon. A thin support mesh, pref. with the support layer, may be used to enhance structural integrity. A porous bonding layer may be used between the active layer and the support layer, such bonding layer being generally applicable to layered gas diffusion electrodes.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The electrodes finds us in metal air-batteries, acid and alkaline fuel cells, and ozone generators. The electorde provides economical use of expensive active ingredients without sacrificing structural ingegrity. The electrode life is enhanced by intermittent operation, anodic polarization, by being subjected to infrequent voltage suppression, by any combination of these methods.
A fuel cell comprises (A) at least two cell members (10), each of which has a flat-plate solid electrolyte (7) having a fuel electrode layer (8) on one surface and an air electrode layer (9) on the other surface, (B) separators (1) each of which is arranged between the cell members and comprises frame materials (2) to which are coupled metallic sheets having concave portions (5) and convex portions (4), (C) a fuel supply path (14) and discharge path (16), (D) an air supply path (15) and a discharge path (17), (E) collector members (11) of electrical conductors mounted on the outer sides of the separators of the highest and lowest stages.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Good cushioning and gas sealing characteristics are compatible with structural soundness and scaling up, while the cost of providing felt material or foaming body distributors is avoided.
A lead-aluminium alloy contains 4-5 wt.% of aluminium which is precise as uniformly dispersed regions each no larger than 30 microns and pref. no larger than 2 microns. It may be obtd. by prepn. in a finely divided state followed by pressing into a compacted mass. Pressing takes place at a temp. below the m.pt. of lead, pref. below 150 deg.C. and esp. below 30 deg.C.. The alloy may be pressed into an electrode grid for an electrochemical cell.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Batteries for motor vehicles. Improved electrical conductivity of the electrode; reduced ratio of battery or storage capacity.
The battery comprises one or more manifolding apertures in one or more partition walls, which apertures are of a size which allows passage of gases and in wet batteries minimises passage of electrolyte and which define one or more sets of manifolded cells. A single trapping chamber is associated with each set of manifolded cells. One or more vent apertures is provided for wet battery applications or a pressure release valve for absorbed electrolyte battery applications is disposed between each set of manifolded cells and its trapping chamber.    The vent apertures are of a size which allows passage of gases and in wet batteries minimises passage of electrolyte. Additionally, for wet batteries there is provided one or more drain/vent apertures between each set of manifolded cells and its respective trapping chamber. The drain apertures are of a size which allow drainage of electrolyte from the trapping chamber to the manifolded cells and minimise passage of electrolyte from the cells to the trapping chamber and a single exhaust port associated with each of the trapping chambers, which exhaust ports allow passage of gas from the trapping chambers to the ambient.    USE -   Multi-cell, lead-acid electric storage battery of the wet or absorbed electrolyte type.
High temp. adsorption appts. comprises (a) a cooling water circular system, connecting with a fuel cell body, and pressure feedback from an exhaust cooling water from a cooling water piping in the fuel cell body to the cooling water system again, (b) an adsorption treatment mechanism for a corroded prod. of heavy metal (CPHM) of which adsorbing the CPHM at high temp. by manganese dioxide for adsorbing CPHM in the cooling water piping, and (c) a treatment mechanism for sulphate ion (SAI) which adsorbs the SAI eluted from manganese dioxide into the cooling water at secondary side of (b).    ADVANTAGE -   The adsorption appts. improves efficiency of the fuel cell.
Methanol reformer comprises an annular main reactor in a heat shield box. Box has a burner combustion gas flow passage. An auxiliary annular reactor outside the box is supported with flow pipes and is downstream from the main reactor.    USE -   For fuel cells.
Evaporator comprises an annular chamber defined by outer and inner walls, and metal tube coaxially set in the annular chamber into an outer and inner annular space; the metal tube composed of a tubular wire net and inner and outer tubular plates.    USE -   For reforming methanol mixed with water.
High temp. adsorbing filtering material for fuel battery water cooling system which adsorbs heavy metal ions and heavy metal colloids of high temp. to purity a high temp. cooling water (for cooling the electrode plates of fuel battery); has hydrated manganese dioxide produced by grinding and granulating electrolytic hydrated manganese dioxide ppte., as the filtering material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Since the hydrated manganese dioxide's firm ppte. obtd. by electrolytic treatment is used after being ground, the strong acid type cation exchange capacity, chemical stability, mechanical strength and hardness of the hydrated manganese dioxide can be fully utilised for efficient purifcn. of the cooling water of fuel battery cooling system, under high temp. condition (150-190 deg.C).
Reactor for water vapour reformer comprises outer and inner tubes coaxially formed providing outer and inner reaction chambers. Catalyst for a pretreating unit is charged in one of the chambers and catalyst for a CO conversion reactor is charged in the other chamber.    USE -   For oil cells power sources.
(JP2658207-B2)      The battery comprises a nickel electrode and a nickel oxide electrode and an electrolyte matrix containing 50-2000 ppm magnesium ions.    USE -   Used as a fusion carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Battery characteristics are stabilised for a long time.
(JP2656073-B2)      Manufacture of fused salt type battery comprises installing flex electrolyte holder having flexible green-matrix dispersed with electrically conductive powder and organic powder.    USE -   Especially in the manufacture of alkali metal carbonate electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Contact resistance between matrix and electrolyte is reduced suppressing crack formation. No requirement for lamination or therefore sintering of electrolyte.
The solid electrolyte fuel cell is made of a number of superposed planar single cells each with an anode and a cathode. The anode (2) and cathode (3) are formed on the principal surfaces of a solid electrolyte substrate with a porous substrate membrane (11B) which is made with guide vanes (8N) to direct the reactant gases into spaces between the central portion (5,6) and the peripheral portion (14) of each cell.    The fuel cell includes a fuel gas supply manifold (5) and oxidant gas supply manifold which pass through the centre of the cells to provide paths for the flow of reactant gasses to be supplied to or discharged from the anodes and cathodes. A reactant gas discharge slit (14) is provided in the peripheral portion. The oxidant gas supply manifold includes a gas sealing glass O-ring (12). A separator membrane is provided between adjacent porous membranes which allows the two members to move freely on each other by thermal expansion or contraction. The porous and separator membranes are electrically conducting. A flame barrier is provided around each single cell with a heat insulator surrounding the whole fuel cell. Discharged reactant gases pass into a combustion chamber which has a flame retardant wall separating it from the single cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved reliability, allows movement of adjacent component, preventing thermal failure.
AIn a fuel cell stack, the fuel gas and 02 gas flow radially through the cell in opposite, or countercurrent, directions. A pref. stack is a cylindrical stack of bipolar members in which air flows radially inward and an H2-contg. fuel gas flows radially outward.    ADVANTAGE -   Method ensures that the reacting gases become uniformly distributed across the catalytic surfaces.
A fuel cell of the molten carbonate type comprising: an electrolytic layer composed of an electrolysis and a substance which is inert w.r.t. the electroyte; a fuel electrode and an air electrode, both adjacent to and in contact with the electrolytic layer and situated so that the electrolytic layer lies between them; a gas space adjacent to the fuel electrode, which is provided with a current collector plate, a gas permeable plate and a separator; and another gas space adjacent to the air electrode, which is also provided with a current collector plate, a gas permeable plate and a separator. A Li-contg. composite oxide is present in at least one of the electrolytic layer on the side against the air electrode, the air electrode itself and the structural components of the gas space at the side of the air electrode, the oxide causing a chemical reaction when the ratio of Li to K in the electrolyte falls, to form Li2CO3 as a result of the alteration in the ratio between Li and other elements, during a period which the Li/K ratio in an electrolyte consisting mainly of Li2CO3 and K2CO3 is held at 40/60 to 70/30 at a temp. of 600-700 deg.C in the gas atmos. at the side of the air electrode.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The presence of the composite oxide, esp. LiFeO2, causes replacement: of Li2CO3 consumed from the electrolyte by reaction with structural components of the cell during operation of the cell, so that the cell provides stabilised battery characteristics over extended periods of use.
Sealing material consists of first inorganic particles having resistance to phosphoric acid, second inorganic particles showing cubical expansion by reaction with phosphoric acid, and binder.    Pref., the second inorganic particles, e.g. consist of Ti oxide, Zr oxide or Nb oxide, etc., and the particles transform into phosphate cpds. by the reaction with phosphoric acid and fill vacancies in the sealing material by the cubical expansion. The first inorganic particles e.g. consist of SiC, carbon, boron carbide or W carbide, etc. The binder, e.g. consists of fluorine resin such as PTFE powder or PTFE dispersion, and the amt. of the binder is 2-15 wt.% of the total amt. of the inorganic particles.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has good sealing property in the presence of phosphoric acid, and it is suitable for sealing packing of phosphoric acid type fuel cell.
Fuel cell system comprises: a body having fuel and oxidiser electrode (11, 12) and an electrolyte matrix (13); fuel gas reformer; fuel gas supply (20); air blower (6) for the oxidiser electrode; an exhaust (24) for fuel electrode off-gas; an exhaust closure (23) for use when the cell operation is terminated; circulation system (25) for the fuel electrode gas when
Organic a consists of layers of Langmuir-Blodgett membranes contg. phtacyanine cpd., and is characterised in that the visual absorption spectrum of the Langmuir-Blodgett's membrane contg. phthalocyanine cpd. is shifted to longer wave length side than that of its vapour deposited membrane.    Prepn. of the organic laminate comprises preparing a spreading soln. obtd. by dissolving phthalocyanine cpd. and matrix material consisting of one kind of satd. straight chain fatty acid, satd. straight chain fatty acid ester or unsatd. straight chain fatty acid in a solvent composed of donative organic solvent dissolvable phthalocyanine cpd. and organic solvent with high volatility; spreading the soln. on the surface of water; forming monolayer film on a solid substrate by transferring the monolayer formed on water through compressing it under certain press.; and repeating same process so as to pile up the monolayer film in order to make integrated laminate film.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The laminate is useful for making photosensitive materials, photoreactive sensitisers, optical recording materials, solar batteries, fuel cells, desulphuration catalyst etc..
The inclination sensor acts as a contact switch for removing water produced by internal reactions from a fuel cell (thereby preventing the water from hindering performance). Two thin wires (11) close together are located at each of the four corners of a square container (10). The wires leave upwards through feedthroughs and extend downwards almost to the bottom (12) of the container.    The upper ends of the wires projecting out of the container can be connected to a voltage supply and to a control unit. A liquid contact material (14) is present in the container (e.g. memory). (The sensor controls magnetic valves in water outlet holes in the fuel cell).    ADVANTAGE -   Water can be removed whatever angle of battery.
The device removes water from a fuel cell battery (to prevent loss of performance in cells in the solid polymer electrolytes). Those spaces (11) from which the water is to be removed are each connected together twice at their lower region. An outlet hole is provided at each of the battery's (10) four lower corners.    The outlet holes are connected via lines (23) and magnetic valves (MV) to a discharge system (18-22). Each hole has a line and each line has a valve. The valves are controlled by an inclination sensor (27) via a control circuit (25). The sensor measures the angle of the battery so that the circuit can decide which valve to open.    ADVANTAGE -   Water can be removed whatever battery's angle.
The vehicle battery system includes a battery for providing electric current to a starter of the vehicle through a first electrical cable and for providing and receiving electric current to and from a remote battery through a second electrical cable for recharging a certain one of the batteries. A casing of the battery has a pair of spaced electrodes incorporated there, which establish electrical contact with an electrolyte solution contained in the casing. A pair of universal plugs is embedded in the casing and is electrically connected to the electrodes by electrical conductors also embedded in the casing.    Each universal plug includes a prong and a receptacle so that the plugs are engageable with other similar universal plugs in a single orientation for maintaining proper electrical polarity between. A universal plug is attached to one end of both the electrical cables for engaging the plugs of the system battery. The opposite end of the first electrical cable is electrically connected to the starter and a ground of the vehicle. The opposite end of the second electrical cable has a universal plug attached, which is mounted on the grille of the vehicle for engaging a universal plug of a booster cable adapted to be electrically connected to a remote battery.    USE -   To provide 'jump' connection of battery for emergency starting or recharging of disabled vehicle.
An electrochemical device comprises a containment vessel and an optional ceramic material within the vessel. The device includes at least one electrochemical cell, which comprises a porous, exposed electrode in contact with a solid electrolyte. At least one of the exposed electrode, the containment vessel, and the optional material therein contains a deposit selected from a metal oxide and a metal salt which can form a metal oxide on heating. The metal is selected from Ce, Sm, Mg, Be, Ca, Sr, Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, La, Pr, Nb, Pm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U and their mixtures.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The cell is used as a fuel cell or a gas sensor for vehicle exhaust. The invention prevents SiO2 and Al2O3 formation on the electrodes; such as deposits.
Enveloping a battery plate with a commercially acceptable separator material comprises (a) displacing air and water from the plate by dipping in a first liq. of an anhydrous solvent (I), then (b) dipping the plate in a second liq. which is a polymer dissolved in an anhydrous solvent/nonsolvent mixt. (II) and a filler in suspension, then (c) removing the plate and allowing (II) to evaporate and form an envelope of microporous separator material about the plate. Opt. in step (c) the plate is only partially dried and then (d) the plate is dipped in a third liq. comprising a polymer dissolved in (II) and a filler in suspension having a second viscosity higher than the first viscosity, and then (e) as for (c) above.    Pref. (I) and (II) are anhydrous methylene chloride and anhydrous methanol and the polymer is polycarbonate dissolved in methylene chloride. The opt. polymer added is Kraton G.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The envelope acts as a battery separator in lead-acid batteries used e.g. in automobiles. The process provides an improved high speed dip process. Separators. with extremely small pores and high porosity are formed, electrodes with complex geometries can be easily enveloped, lighter separators can be formed, with lower electrical resistances, the separators formed allow a free flow of electrolyte.
The battery comprises a container having a number of cells, the cells including at least two positive terminal cells and at least one negative terminal cell. Each cell contains alernating positive and negative electrode plates separated from each other and constituting a cell element stack. Each of the plates includes active material, the positive electrode plates of teh cell element stack in each positive terminal cell being electrically connected to a positive terminal.    The negative electrode plates of the cell element stack in the or each negative terminal cell is electrically connected to a single negative terminal, each electrode plate of each cell element other than a terminal cell being electrically connected in series to the electrode plate of opposite polarity in an adjoining cell. The cells of each series of connections are electrically connected to one common negative terminal but have separate positive terminals. An electrolyte is in contact with the positive and negative electrode plates in each cell.    USE -   Vehicle battery providing high current supply for starting and lower current supply available over long period for other electrical functions.
A method of forming a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with high bonding and reduced thermal stress comprises forming anode, cathode, electrolyte, and interconnect slips by dispersing four ceramic powders in liqs., milling a binder and plasticiser into each, casting the slips into thin layers or tapes, and forming many of the tapes into a stacked array with an intermediate bonding layer between adjacent tapes composed of portions of each of the adjacent layers. Many corrugations are formed in the array, which is self-supporting, and the array is heated to increase the density of the electrolyte and interconnect tapes, and rigidify and increase the strength of the stack.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   A high temp., monolithic SOFC (claimed) which overcomes problems of thermal stress and poor handling is provided. The corrugated structure is rigid and self-supporting in the green state. Only one firing is needed and the cells may be operated at 1000 deg. C without cracking or distortion.
(JP2510676-B2)      The fuel battery has a separator comprising an electrolyte between the gas diffusion electrodes. One electrode is the fuel pole which polarises gas and the other is an air pole which oxidises the gas. A manifold collectively supplies and exhausts oxidising gas and fuel gas to and from the poles along the gas flow path. Flow path resistance has the relationship of pressure loss (delta P) and head pressure (D.delta x H) such that delta.P &gt; D.delta x H, where H is manifold height. The resistance is determined by projections varying the gauge of the flow path.    USE -   Used in a fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Gas flow imbalance in the laminate layer can be prevented without redn. in efficiency.
The fuel reforming unit has a reaction tube filled with reforming catalyst and the tube is heated by heating media flowing along the side wall of the tube, and the reforming raw material gas --flowing back from the reaction tube is reformed to hydrogen rich gas. The charging density of the reforming catalyst in the reaction tube is higher the nearer it is to right angle direction to side wall.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The heat transfer performance is best far from the side wall, which makes the temp. difference of temp. distribution to radial direction become small, so there is need to heat the side wall excessively to obtain mean temp. of reforming reaction for obtg. the predetermined hydrogen quantity in the reforming gas, but rather lower than conventional temp. which extends the service life of the reaction tube.
The corrosion resistant material comprises high purity metal Cr of at least 99.9%, having at least 95% relative density.    USE -   For containers (electric cell) of fuel cells, in which the anode and cathode active material is housed.
The device has an auxiliary battery (17) which by use of an element to control charging current (32) is maintained fully charged in a state of readiness. Under normal conditions the circuit is supplied by a battery (2). In emergency situations an inverter (5) is operated by a control (11) to switch over to the fully charged auxiliary battery.    ---A-diode is installed in parallel with the contacts of the inverter to assure the supply of power during operation of a relay. Control of charging current to the battery is pref. dependent on the temp. of the battery. approved lighting of vehicles in critical circumstances.
Natural gas feed stock (20), fuel (22) plus air (21) is conventionally processed at the front end (24) by reforming, CO shift, CO2 removal, methanation etc. to obtain feed for the NH3 synthesis loop (26) for NH3 prod. (27) formation. A purge (28) is fed to the anode (29A) as fuel for a cell (29). Anode exhaust (36) is mixed with fuel (22) for supply to the process front end (24). The stream (35) from the front end (24) CO2 removal unit is mixed with air (34) and passed to cathode gas recycle loop as oxidant, cathode (39c) exhaust gas is partially recycled (31) and the rest vented (30). Heat generated in the cell (29) is esp. utilised in a waste heat boiler (33) for steam prodn. for compressors etc. Cells (29) are in stack form.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Purge gas contg. H2 and CO2 off gases are efficiently utilised leading to a better overall energy balance. Since CO2 waste is now utilised, greenhouse effect in atmos. is alleviated. Capital costs are reduced. Heat produced in cell is used in NH3 prodn.
Closed cycle electrical power system comprises: an H2/hal fuel cell wheel produces electrical energy and a haloacid; an accumulator for the haloacid prod; a generator which reacts the haloacid on demand with a metal to generate H2 for recycle to the fuel cell; and means for feeding the metal to the generator without introducing contaminants. The hal is pref. Cl.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Esp. as an energy source for e.g. underground missile bases etc. System provides H2 on demand avoiding need for H2 storage.
Precursorr is formed in cell wherein acid or base materials are formed at anode or cathode respectively and react with starting materials in cell to electrodeposit cerami compsn; cell opt. contains separate anode and cathode cells. In method of depositing precursor in cathode compartment of biased cell, base material is generated at cathode with oxide or hydroxide; deposit is dispersed, dried, compressed into green body and sintered to ceramic metal oxide compsn. Cathode cell pref. contains soln. of metal or semi-metallic ion in water which is hydrolysed to form hydroxyl ions. Dispersed and dried powder is pref. 50-500 A crystallite size or is 0.1-1 micron particle size; calcined particles are pref. 600-10,000 A dia..    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Sub-micron particles suitable for tape casting are obtd. without difficulties of filtration of gel based methods. Advanced ceramic prods. are useful in opto electronics, ceramic tools, fuel cells, phosphors, power turbines, ceramic engine components etc.
The apparatus (1) includes an inner pipe whose wall portion comprises hydrogen separation element containing metal hydride or hydrogen storing metal alloy. The inner pipe is enclosed in an outer pipe, the space between which is led towards the fuel pole (3) of a battery. CO2(4) and hydrogen (2) are separated from the exhaust gas (7) of the fuel pole by the hydrogen separation element and supplied to air pole (5) and fuel pole, respectively.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables effective usage of fuel pole exhaust gas.
C electrode support is formed by: (a) subjecting a preselected C black material to high temp. treatment in an inert atmos. to provide a C black of surface area at least 20 sq.m./g and a corrosion rate not above 0.03 wt.% wt.loss per hr. at 550mV vs. Hg/HgO in 30% KOH at 45 deg.C; and (b) forming the prod. into an electrode support.    The starting material is a C black capable of forming a low-corrosion C electrode support. Heat treatment is pref. at 2500-3000 deg.C for 1-5 hrs. esp. 2750-2850 deg.C for at least 2 hrs.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   With an air electrode for a rechargeable battery or fuel cell. Support provides high conductivity, high surface area and low density, as well as very high chemical and corrosion resistance; and the C black is not subjected to corrosive high temp. Cl2 treatment.
A self-contained electronic device for testing disparate storage batteries having any one of a fixed number of possible nominal voltages is disclosed. The testing device performs small-signal measurements of a battery's dynamic conductance and provides either a proportional numerical read-out, displayed in appropriate battery measuring units, or a corresp. qualitative assessment of the battery's relative condition.    Special voltage-sensing circuitry within the testing device identifies the particular one of the possible nominal voltages possessed by the battery and scales the dynamic conductance measurements accordingly. As a result, the quantitative or qualitative information provided to the user is automatically adjusted to comport with the nominal voltage of the battery undergoing test without the user having actually to enter the nominal voltage to the testing device.
(5pp Dwg.No.1/3)
(US4956244-A)      Battery system comprises a redox flow battery and an electrolyte regenerating cell comprising: catholyte chamber supplied with anolyte from the battery; cathode; anolyte chamber sepd. by membrane and contg. formic acid; anode; a voltage source for the regenerating cell; and piping for returning the regenerated anolyte back to the anolyte tank.    The regeneration cell converts metal ions of a high valence state in the anolyte back to a low valence state.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   In redox flow battery power storage systems. The electrolyte is regenerated cheaply and easily and without generation of noxious gases. (First major country equivalent to J01307173-A) (Previously notified in Week 9039
The corrosion resistant material has a relative density of at least 95% and comprises Cr metal of at least 99.9% purity.    USE -   For anodes, and containers (electrolysis cells) for housing cathode active material in fused carbonate fuel cells.
A fuel reformer to reform feed gas to H2-rich gas comprises reactors (10) filled with catalyst and heated by combustion gas flowed along walls of reactors. The reactors are provided with fins (20) gradually densely arranged from the upstream of the combustion gas to its downstream so that combustion gas can gradually densely be contacted with the reactors from its upstream to the downstream.    USE -   To uniformly transmit heat from the upstream of combustion gas to its downstream to uniformly heat reactors.
(JP2752987-B2)      The plant uses a fuel battery. Fuel gas and oxidising agent gas are guided to an anode (2) and a cathode (3) of the battery respectively. An electric output is obtained when electrochemical reaction takes place between the fuel gas and the oxidising agent gas. The voltage from the battery main body (1) is measured by a voltmeter (31). Inert gas is supplied beforehand to the cathode through an oxidising agent gas supply valve, when it is in waiting condition. Fuel gas is supplied beforehand to the anode through a hydrogen fuel gas supply valve, when it is in waiting condition. A controller controls cell voltage to a predetermined limit by controlling the oxidising agent gas supply valve and the hydrogen gas supply valve.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents internal combustion in cathode.
Gas reformer comprises reforming container, main burner, reforming catalyst-filled reforming pipes spaced from flame nozzle of main burner at specific intervals, and auxiliary burners around the main burner.    ADVANTAGE -   Temp. of heat transmitting surface of each reforming pipe can be made uniform.
Ion-conductive Na2O-Y2O3-SiO2-P2O5 type glass compsn. in which Na2O = 30 to 50; Y2O3 = 0 to 10; P2O5 = 0 to 12 and SiO2 = 40 to 60 by molar fraction.    ADVANTAGE -   Exhibiting excellent Na(+) ion conductivity and fusible at low temp.
A high temp. fuel cell reforming catalyst comprises a Pt gp. metal and/or a noble metal, on a support. In use, the catalyst reforms fuel contg. hydrocarbons.    The metal is Rh, Ru (pref.), Pt or Au, and the support is a rare earth oxide, ZrO2, CeO2 or MgO. The catalyst may comprise Ni and a Pt gp., and/or noble metal. A fuel contg. a hydrocarbon is reformed within a high temp. fuel cell by contacting a gas stream contg. the fuel with the catalyst. A high temp. fuel cell comprising the reforming catalyst is claimed.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst has better corrosion resistance and resistance to deactivation of the electrolyte of a high temp. fuel cell.