(US5162167-A)      Monolithic solid oxide fuel cell is constructed by A) forming a material batch of an anode, (A), cathode, (C) electrolyte, (E) and interconnect (IC) form a mixt. of ceramic powders each contg. a suitable binder system, (B) forming thin tapes (T) of each material batch and attaching the AT to the ET and the CT on the opposite side ofthe ET to form a trilayer, (TL) ET (C) shaping the TL ET to form fuel flow pathways extending along the A and oxidant flow pathways extending along the C of the TL, EL, D) butting the TL ET to form numerous TL E elements having a desired gross shape and cutting the ICT to form numerous IC elements having a desired gross shape, E) heating the TL E elements and IC elements to a temp sufficient to remove the binder system and cause an at least partial sintering of the respective ceramic materials, F) stacking numerous partially sintered TL E elements alternately with numerous partially sintered IC elements and G) processing the stacked array obtd. in F) to bond contacting surfaces within the stack.    The AT, ET and CT are pref. roll milled within a 2-roll mill to bond the respective surfaces together. Acermet of Co or Ni with stabilising Zr02 is used for the A, Sr doped La mangenite for the C, YO2, stabilised Zr02 for the E and doped La chromite for the IC, A compatible mixt. of binder and plasticiser is used as binder system for each batch.    ADVANTAGE -   Microcracks, ceramic migration and slumping are eliminated.    (US5290642-A)      Monolithic solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated by a method in which ceramic powders are mixed (80) to form tapes (82) of anode, cathode, electrolyte, and interconnect materials (30-33) and formed into a multilayer tape (36), which is heat-treated for sintering densification and assembled into a stacked assembly (48), which is heat-treated to suitor, and densify it.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids microcracking, material migration, and slumping during firing.    (JP6502957-W)      Cell is mfd. by: assembling a trilayer electrode tape of thin individual tapes of anode, electrolyte and cathode ceramic and binder materials; shaping the tape to form fuel flow pathways along the cathode; cutting to form elements of desired gross net shape; assembling the elements with interconnect tapes; partially sintering to completely remove binders; forming a stacked array; and bonding the contacting surfaces. The partial sintering pref. provides at least 25% of the shrinkage on full sintering.    Stacking step includes wetting the anode and interconnect surfaces with an anode bonding agent, and the cathode and interconnect surfaces with a cathode bonding agent.    ADVANTAGE -   Partial sintering prior to forming a stack and finally processing (including sintering) eliminates problems of microcracks, ceramic migration and slumping during final sintering.