(US5260143-A)      An electrochemical fuel cell (10), incorporating a solid polymer ion exchange electrolyte membrane (12) between anode (20) and cathode (22), will tend to accumulate unwanted water at the cathode. By maintaining a negative vapour pressure gradient in the hydrogen-contg. gas supply on the anode (20) side of the cell, the accumulated water is drawn across the membrane (12) and absorbed as water vapour in the hydrogen-contg. gas between inlet and outlet.    Water may also be absorbed as vapour into the oxygen-contg. gas supply on the cathode (22) side of the cell by maintaining partial vapour pressure below saturation pressure of the water vapour. The pressure is maintained by imparting a pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improved removal of reaction product water in electrochemical fuel cells, to avoid flooding electrode catalyst sites and reducing cell output power, also avoiding membrane deterioration.    (JP6504403-W)      An electrochemical fuel cell (10), incorporating a solid polymer ion exchange electrolyte membrane (12) between anode (20) and cathode (22), will tend to accumulate unwanted water at the cathode. By maintaining a negative vapour pressure gradient in the hydrogen-contg. gas supply on the anode (20) side of the cell, the accumulated water is drawn across the membrane (12) and absorbed as water vapour in the hydrogen-contg. gas between inlet and outlet.    Water may also be absorbed as vapour into the oxygen-contg. gas supply on the cathode (22) side of the cell by maintaining partial vapour pressure below saturation pressure of the water vapour. The pressure is maintained by imparting a pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improved removal of reaction product water in electrochemical fuel cells, to avoid flooding electrode catalyst sites and reducing cell output power, also avoiding membrane deterioration.    (US5441819-A)      The method involves removing liquid water accumulated at the cathode by controlling the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas supply between the inlet and the outlet such that the temperature remains above the condensation temperature of water vapor contained in it. Water accumulated at the cathode is drawn by a concentration gradient toward the anode across the membrane and is absorbed as water vapor into the hydrogen-containing gas supply.    The membrane further requires the presence of water between the major surfaces of it to facilitate the migration of the cations. Sufficient water is maintained between the major surfaces of the membrane to hydrate the membrane.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents flooding of cathode catalyst layer from water transported across membrane in conjunction with transport of hydrogen ions in addition to product water formed at cathode.    (JP2703824-B2)      An electrochemical fuel cell (10), incorporating a solid polymer ion exchange electrolyte membrane (12) between anode (20) and cathode (22), will tend to accumulate unwanted water at the cathode. By maintaining a negative vapour pressure gradient in the hydrogen-contg. gas supply on the anode (20) side of the cell, the accumulated water is drawn across the membrane (12) and absorbed as water vapour in the hydrogen-contg. gas between inlet and outlet.    Water may also be absorbed as vapour into the oxygen-contg. gas supply on the cathode (22) side of the cell by maintaining partial vapour pressure below saturation pressure of the water vapour. The pressure is maintained by imparting a pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improved removal of reaction product water in electrochemical fuel cells, to avoid flooding electrode catalyst sites and reducing cell output power, also avoiding membrane deterioration.    (EP567499-B2)      An electrochemical fuel cell (10), incorporating a solid polymer ion exchange electrolyte membrane (12) between anode (20) and cathode (22), will tend to accumulate unwanted water at the cathode. By maintaining a negative vapour pressure gradient in the hydrogen-contg. gas supply on the anode (20) side of the cell, the accumulated water is drawn across the membrane (12) and absorbed as water vapour in the hydrogen-contg. gas between inlet and outlet.    Water may also be absorbed as vapour into the oxygen-contg. gas supply on the cathode (22) side of the cell by maintaining partial vapour pressure below saturation pressure of the water vapour. The pressure is maintained by imparting a pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Improved removal of reaction product water in electrochemical fuel cells, to avoid flooding electrode catalyst sites and reducing cell output power, also avoiding membrane deterioration.