US5348569-A  "Research and Development of NS-1 and Related Polysulfone Hollow Fibers for Reverse Osmosis Desalination of Seawater" PB 248 666 prepared for the Office of Water Research and Technology, Contract No. 14-30-3165, U.S. Department of the Interior, July 1975;  Chemical Abstract No. 236575Y, volume 112, "Hollow Poly(phenylene oxide) Fibers and Process for Manufacturing Them" by M. Pechocova et al, Czech. CS 263,672;  I&EC Research, 28, 742 (1989), "Analysis and Construction of Multilayer Composite Membranes for Separation of Gas Mixtures" by K. A. Lundy and I. Cabasso;  J. Smid et al. in the Journal of Membrane Science, Vol 64, p. 121-129, 1991, "The Formation of Asymmetric Hollow Fiber Membranes for Gas Separation, Using PPE of Different Intrinsic Viscosities";  Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 23, 1509-1523, 1979, "Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes" by I. Cabasso, et al.;  Research and Development Progress Report No. 697, Contract No. 14-30-2627 to the U.S. Dept. of Interior, entitled "Development of Poly(phenylene oxide) Membranes" by Chludzinski et al., 1971;  "Development of a Composite Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Single Pass Sea Water Desalination," Final Report to the office of Water Research Technology, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Contract No. 14-3-4-001-7541, 1979;  "Research and Development of NS-1 and Related Polysulfone Hollow Fibers for Reverse Osmosis Desalination of Sea Water," PB 248, 666; the Office Water Research and Technology Contract No. 14-30-3165, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1975;  "Research on Advanced Membranes for Reverse Osmosis," an annual report to the Office of Saline Water, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Contract No. 14-30-2999, 1973;  "Research on In Situ-Formed Condensation Polymer for Reverse Osmosis Membranes," Final Report to the Office of Water Research and Technology, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Contract No. 14-34-001-6521, 1978;  Chemical Abstract No. 236575Y, vol. 112, No. 14 "Hollow Poly (Phenylene Oxide) Fibers and Process for Manufacturing Them," by Pechocova et al, p. 7, 1990;  George Odian, "Principles of Polymerization," 2nd Edition, A. Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 22-23;  Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 28, No. 6, 1989 "Analysis and Construction of Multilayer Composite Membranes to the Separation of Gas Mixture," by Kevin A. Lundy et al. (Reprinted from ISEC Research 1989. 28. 742);  Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 20 (1976) "Sulfonated Polysulfone" by A. Noshay et al, pp. 1885-1903;  Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 23, pp. 1509-1503, 1979;  Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 29, p. 4029, 1984;  Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 64, "Formation of Asymmetric Hollow Fiber Membranes for Gas Separation," by Smid et al, pp. 121-127, 1991;  Psaiination vol. 36, (1981), "Asymetric Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration Membranes Prepared from Sulfonated Poly Sulfone," by Friedrich et al, pp. 39-62;  Research and Development Progress Report No. 697, Contract No. 14-30-2627 to the U.S. Dept. of Interior, "Development of Polyphenylene Oxide Membranes," by Chludzinski et al, Jun. 1971EP631807-A1  PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 446 (C-546) (3293) 24/11/1988 & JP-A-63 171 602 (TORAY IND INC) 15/07/1988;  PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 446 (C-546) (3293) 24 November 1988 & JP-A-63 171 602 (TORAY IND INC) 15 July 1988;  PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 446 (C-546) (3293) 24 November 1988&JP-A-63 171 602 (TORAY IND INC) 15 July 1988