(US5338430-A)      Cell comprises (a) a working electrode comprising an encapsulant contg. embedded nano-structured elements, such that a surface is conductive; (b) a counter electrode comprising a 2nd. encapsulant contg. embedded nano-structured elements, such that one surface is conductive; and (c) an electrolyte(s) contacting the conductive surface of both sets of elements.    Pref. nano-structured elements are sub-microscopic 2-component structures comprising whiskers coated with electrically conductive material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   As an electrode membrane in an electrochemical cell or sensor. Fewer delamination problems. Suitable for high temps..    (JP8505227-W)      An electrochemical cell comprises (a) a working electrode comprising a first encapsulant layer having a set of nanostructured elements embedded by one end, therein, the other end being coincident with the first conductive surface of the encapsulant layer; (b) a counter electrode comprising a second encapsulant layer and nanostructured elements as above; and (c) an electrolyte(s) which is in intimate contact with the conductive surface of both sets of nanostructured elements.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The nanostructured composite film is used as an electrode membrane in an electrochemical cell or an analyte sensor and in fuel cells and batteries. The solid polymer electrolyte is free from leakage and packaging corrosion and is adaptable for size reduction e.g, for microsensors. Using the solid electrolyte, the prepn. of the membrane is economical and environmentally friendly due to elimination of the solvent casting step. The film is conductive to large area coated web prodn. and embedding helps to protect the nanostructured elements from abrasive forces. Less electrically conductive material is required for the same or larger sensitivity. The membrane has enhanced catalytic activity.    (EP676050-B1)      An electrochemical cell comprises (a) a working electrode comprising a first encapsulant layer having a set of nanostructured elements embedded by one end, therein, the other end being coincident with the first conductive surface of the encapsulant layer; (b) a counter electrode comprising a second encapsulant layer and nanostructured elements as above; and (c) an electrolyte(s) which is in intimate contact with the conductive surface of both sets of nanostructured elements.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   The nanostructured composite film is used as an electrode membrane in an electrochemical cell or an analyte sensor and in fuel cells and batteries. The solid polymer electrolyte is free from leakage and packaging corrosion and is adaptable for size reduction e.g, for microsensors. Using the solid electrolyte, the prepn. of the membrane is economical and environmentally friendly due to elimination of the solvent casting step. The film is conductive to large area coated web prodn. and embedding helps to protect the nanostructured elements from abrasive forces. Less electrically conductive material is required for the same or larger sensitivity. The membrane has enhanced catalytic activity.