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R. et al., "Metal Speciation Research", Center Hill technical brochure, U.S. EPA Center Hill Facility and Research Facility for Solid and Hazardous Waste Treatment. (No Date Given);  Alshawabkeh, A. N. et al., "Removal of Contaminants from Soils by Electrokinetics: A Theoretical Treatise", J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A. A27(7), pp. 1835-1861 (1992) (No Month);  Bruell, C. J., "Electroosmotic Removal of Gasoline Hydrocarbons and TCE from Clay", J. Environmental Eng., vol. 118, No. 1, pp. 68-83 (Jan./Feb. 1992);  Cabrera-Guzman, D. et al., "The Use of Electrokinetics for Hazardous Waste Site Remediation", J. Air Waste Manage, Assoc., 40: 1670-76 (1990). (No Month);  Corapcioglu, M. Y., "Formation of Electro-Chemico-Osmotic Processes in Soils", Transport in Porous Media, 6, pp. 435-444 (1991) (No Month);  Davis-Hoover, W. J. et al., "Hydraulic Fracturing to Improve Nutrient and Oxygen Delivery for In Situ Bioreclamation", In Situ Bioreclamation-Applications and Investigations for Hydrocarbon and Contaminated Site Remediation, Edited by R. E. Hinchee and R. F. Olfenbuttel, Butterworth-Heinmann (1991), pp. 67-82 (No Month);  Davis-Hoover, W., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "Hydraulic Fracturing Enhances In Situ Remediation":, Groundwater Currents, pp. 1,4 (Sep. 1992);  Envirometal technologies inc., "the envirometal process-metal-enhanced abiotic degradation of chlorinated organic compounds", technical brochure (No Dates);  Gadd, G. M., "Accumulation of Metals by Microorganisms and Algae", Biotechnology-Special Microbial Processes, vol. 6, Chapter 13, pp. 401-423, eds. Rehm, H. J. and Reed, G. (1988). (No Month);  Haggin, J., "Microbially Based Treatment Process Removes Toxic Metals, Redionuclides", C&EN, vol. 70, No. 30, pp. 35-36 (27/07/1992);  Hamed, J. et al., "Pb(II) Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, vol. 117, No. 2, pp. 241-271 (Feb. 1991);  Handbook on "In Situ Treatment of Hazardous Waste-Contaminated Soils", EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Jan. 1990, pp. 96-97;  Horng et al., "Evaluating Electro-Kinetics as a Remedial Action Technique," Aug. 1987, pp. 65-77;  Horng, J. J. et al., "Evaluating Electrokinetics as a Remedial Action Technique", U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., EPA Report No. EPA/600/9-87/018F, Proc.: 2nd Int. Conf. New Front. Hazard Waste Manage., pp. 65-77 (27/09/1987-30/09/1987);  Lageman, R. et al., "Electro Treatment: State of the Art and Future Developments":, Altlastensanierung 90, Int. KfK/TNO Kongr., 3rd. Meeting Date 1990, pp. 1197-1204 (1991) (No Month);  Lageman, R. et al., "Electro-Reclamation: State-of-the-Art", pp. 1-12 (No Date Provided);  Lageman, R., "Electroreclamation: Applications in the Netherlands", Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 27, No. 13, pp. 2648-2650 (1993). (No Month);  Lageman, et al, "Electro-Reclamation: Theory and Practice", Chemistry and Industry, No. 18, 18/09/1989, London GB, pp. 585-590;  Li, H. and Gale, R. J., "Hydraulic and Electroosmotic Flow through Silica Capillaries", Langmuir, 9, 1150-565 (1993). (No Month);  McCullough, M. L. and Dagdigian, J. V., "Evaluation of Remedial Options for Treatment of Heavy Metal and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil", Remediation, pp. 265-286 (Summer 1993). (No Month Given);  McLaren Hart/Accutech Remedial Systems, "Pheumatic Fracturing, Extraction and Hot Gas Injection", technical brochure (No Dates);  McMurty, D. C. and Elton, R. O., "New Approach to In-Situ Treatment Treatment of Contaminated Groundwaters", Environmental Progress, pp. 168-170 (Aug., 1985);  Murdoch et al., "Hydraulic Fracturing to Increase Fluid Flow." (No Month) 1990 pp. 1087-1093;  Murdoch, L. C. et al., "Feasibility of Hydraulic Fracturing of Soil to Remedial Actions", EPA Project Summary, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Aug. 1991;  Murdoch, L. C. et al., "Hydraulic Fracturing for Increasing Fluid Flow in the Ground", Altlastensanierung 90, Int. KfK/TNO Kongr., 3rd, Meeting Date 1990, pp. 1217-1226 (1991) (No Month);  Murdoch, L. C. et al., "Hydraulic Fracturing to Increase Fluid Flow", F. Arendt, M. Hinsenveld and W. J. van den Brink (eds.), Contaminated Soil '90, pp. 1087-1094, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1990) No Month;  Murdoch, L. C., "A Field Test of Hydraulic Fracturing in Glacial Till", Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Research Symposium, Cincinnati, Ohio 10/04/1989-12/04/1989, pp. 164-174;  Murdoch, L. C., "Hydraulic and Impulse Fracturing Techniques to Enhance the Remediation of Low Permeability Soils", Center for GeoEnvironmental Research, Center Hill Research Facility, University of Cincinnati-this document is a draft version that was presented to Monsanto Co. during a meeting with the EPA in Mar. 1993;  Murdoch, L. et al., "Directional Drilling", Center Hill technical brochure, U.S. EPA Center Hill Facility and Research Facility for Solid and Hazardous Waste Treatment. (No Dates);  Murdoch, L. et al., "Innovative Delivery and Recovery; Hydraulic and Impulse Fracturing to Facilitate Remediation", Center Hill technical brochure, U.S. EPA Center Hill Facility and Research Facility for Solid and Hazardous Waste Treatment. (No Dates);  Murdoch, L. et al., "Technologies of Delivery or Recovery for the Remediation of Hazardous Waste Sites", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Office of Research and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory-Cincinnati, Ohio, pp. 1-90 (Jan. 1990);  Murdoch, L., "Some Recent Developments in Delivery and Recovery Hydraulic Fracturing and Directional Drilling", Proceedings of ETEX '92-The 2nd Annual Environmental Technology Exposition and Conference, Washington, D.C., 07/04/1992-09/04/1992, pp. 1-13;  O'Hannesin, S. F. and Gillham, R. W., "A Permeable Reaction Wall for In Situ Degradation of Halogenated Organic Compounds", paper presented at the 45th Canadian Geotechnical Society Conference, Toronto, Ontario, 25/10/1992-28/10/1992;  Olsen, R. L. et al., "Can Groundwater Restoration Be Achieved?", Water Environment & Technology, Mar. 1993, pp. 42-47;  Probstein et al., "Removal of Contaminants form Soil by Electric Fields." Apr. 1993, pp. 498-503;  Probstein, R. F. et al., "Removal of Contaminants from Soils by Electric Fields", Science, vol. 260, pp. 498-503, 23/04/1993;  Puls, R. W. et al., "Innovative Remediation of Chromium", Groundwater Currents, p. 2 (1993). (No Month);  Renaud, P.C. and Probstein, R. F., "Electroosmotic Control of Hazardous Wastes", PCH PhysicoChemical Hydrodynamics, 9 (1-2), 345-60 (1987). (No Month);  Runnells, D. D. and Larson, J. L., "A Laboratory Study of Electromigration as a Possible Field Technique for the Removal of Contaminants from Ground Water", Ground Water Monit. Rev., vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 85-91 (Summer 1986). (No Month);  Runnells, D. D. and Wahli, C., "In Situ Electromigration as a Method for Removing Sulfate, Metals, and Other Contaminants from Ground Water", Ground Water Monit. Rev., pp. 121-129 (Winter 1993). (No Month);  Sanning, D. E. et al., "NATO/CCMS Pilot Study Demonstration of Cleanup Technologies for Contaminated Soils and Groundwater. The Newest Results", Altlastensanierung 90, Int. KfK/TNO Kongr., 3rd, Meeting Date 1990, pp. 963-972 (1991) (No Month);  Segall, B. A. et al "Electroosmotic Contaminant-Removal Processes", J. Environmental Eng., vol. 118, No., pp. 84-100 (Jan./Feb. 1992);  Shapiro, A. P. and Probstein, R. F., "Removal of Contaminants From Saturated Clay Electroosmosis", Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 27, pp. 283-291 (1993) (No Month);  Slack, Bill et al., "Mobility of Metals in Soils", Center Hill technical brochure, U.S. EPA Center Hill Facility and Research Facility for Solid and Hazardous Waste Treatment. (No Date Given);  Steimle, R., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "In Situ Groundwater Treatment Research and Demos Inventoried":, Groundwater Currents, pp. 2,4 (Sep. 1992);  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Office of Research and Development, "Hydraulic Fracturing to Enhance Elimination in the Subsurface Soil by Vapor Extraction or Bioremediation", Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory-Cincinnati, Ohio, pp. 28-29 (Sep. 1992);  Vesper, S. et al., "The Use of Hydraulic Fracturing to Enhance In Situ Bioremediation", Eighteenth Annual Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory Research Symposium, Apr. 1992, pp. 59-61;  Vesper, S. et al., "Understanding and Performing In Situ Bioremediation", Center Hill technical brochure, U.S. EPA Center Hill Facility and Research Facility for Solid and Hazardous Waste Treatment. (No Dates);  Waterloo Groundwater control Technologies, "Waterloo Barrier", technical brochure (No Dates);  Workshop on Electro-kinetic Treatment and its Application in Environmental-Geotechnical Engineering for Hazardous Waste Site Remediation, Unpublished Proceedings, University of Washington, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Seattle, Wash., 04/08/1986-05/08/1986EP706427-A1  See references of WOA 9501232AU696030-B  CHEMISTRY 2ND ED.,RAYMOND CHANY,RANDOM HOUSE INC.,1984 ISBNOEP706427-B1  JOURNAL OF THE AIR AND WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, vol.40, no.12, December 1990, PITTSBURGH US pages 1670 - 1676 D. CABRERA-GUZMAN ET AL. 'The use of electrokinetics for hazardous waste site remediation'