(WO9831062-A1)      A fuel cell apparatus including a central membrane having an oxygen side and a fuel side, electrodes positioned on the fuel side and on the oxygen side of the membrane, each electrode further including a first fuel catalyst film layer deposited on the central membrane, metal film layers deposited over the catalyst film layer, and hydrophobic film layers positioned on the metal film layers, an electrolyte disposed in voids between the catalyst film layer and the central membrane, a hydrogen permeable pore-free metal membrane interposed between the electrodes, the central membrane having a first water circulating, a fuel circulating and regulating membrane positioned above the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel channel flow manifold positioned above the first water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel inlet connected to the fuel manifold for delivering fuel to a region between the fuel manifold and the first water circulating and regulating membrane, a second water circulating and regulating membrane positioned below the electrode on the oxygen side, an oxidiser gas manifold positioned below the second water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the oxygen side, and an oxidiser gas inlet connected to the oxidiser gas manifold for delivering oxidiser gas to a region between the oxidiser gas manifold and the second water circulating and regulating membrane, a first electrical contact connected to the hydrogen electrode and a second electrical contact connected to the oxygen electrode, and a sealing rim extending around and connected to outer edges of the cell.    USE -   For driving portable electronic goods.    ADVANTAGE -   New electrode makes direct alcohol electrocatalysis fuel cells efficient at room temperatures and pressures by avoiding poisoning of alcohol diffusion through electrolyte, and avoids thermal or complex scale factors limiting size or power of cells. Reduced catalyst cost and simplified cell assembly.    (CN1243607-A)      A fuel cell apparatus including a central membrane having an oxygen side and a fuel side, electrodes positioned on the fuel side and on the oxygen side of the membrane, each electrode further including a first fuel catalyst film layer deposited on the central membrane, metal film layers deposited over the catalyst film layer, and hydrophobic film layers positioned on the metal film layers, an electrolyte disposed in voids between the catalyst film layer and the central membrane, a hydrogen permeable pore-free metal membrane interposed between the electrodes, the central membrane having a first water circulating, a fuel circulating and regulating membrane positioned above the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel channel flow manifold positioned above the first water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel inlet connected to the fuel manifold for delivering fuel to a region between the fuel manifold and the first water circulating and regulating membrane, a second water circulating and regulating membrane positioned below the electrode on the oxygen side, an oxidiser gas manifold positioned below the second water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the oxygen side, and an oxidiser gas inlet connected to the oxidiser gas manifold for delivering oxidiser gas to a region between the oxidiser gas manifold and the second water circulating and regulating membrane, a first electrical contact connected to the hydrogen electrode and a second electrical contact connected to the oxygen electrode, and a sealing rim extending around and connected to outer edges of the cell.    USE -   For driving portable electronic goods.    ADVANTAGE -   New electrode makes direct alcohol electrocatalysis fuel cells efficient at room temperatures and pressures by avoiding poisoning of alcohol diffusion through electrolyte, and avoids thermal or complex scale factors limiting size or power of cells. Reduced catalyst cost and simplified cell assembly.    (EP1025601-A1)      A fuel cell apparatus including a central membrane having an oxygen side and a fuel side, electrodes positioned on the fuel side and on the oxygen side of the membrane, each electrode further including a first fuel catalyst film layer deposited on the central membrane, metal film layers deposited over the catalyst film layer, and hydrophobic film layers positioned on the metal film layers, an electrolyte disposed in voids between the catalyst film layer and the central membrane, a hydrogen permeable pore-free metal membrane interposed between the electrodes, the central membrane having a first water circulating, a fuel circulating and regulating membrane positioned above the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel channel flow manifold positioned above the first water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel inlet connected to the fuel manifold for delivering fuel to a region between the fuel manifold and the first water circulating and regulating membrane, a second water circulating and regulating membrane positioned below the electrode on the oxygen side, an oxidiser gas manifold positioned below the second water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the oxygen side, and an oxidiser gas inlet connected to the oxidiser gas manifold for delivering oxidiser gas to a region between the oxidiser gas manifold and the second water circulating and regulating membrane, a first electrical contact connected to the hydrogen electrode and a second electrical contact connected to the oxygen electrode, and a sealing rim extending around and connected to outer edges of the cell.    USE -   For driving portable electronic goods.    ADVANTAGE -   New electrode makes direct alcohol electrocatalysis fuel cells efficient at room temperatures and pressures by avoiding poisoning of alcohol diffusion through electrolyte, and avoids thermal or complex scale factors limiting size or power of cells. Reduced catalyst cost and simplified cell assembly.    (JP2001508919-W)      A fuel cell apparatus including a central membrane having an oxygen side and a fuel side, electrodes positioned on the fuel side and on the oxygen side of the membrane, each electrode further including a first fuel catalyst film layer deposited on the central membrane, metal film layers deposited over the catalyst film layer, and hydrophobic film layers positioned on the metal film layers, an electrolyte disposed in voids between the catalyst film layer and the central membrane, a hydrogen permeable pore-free metal membrane interposed between the electrodes, the central membrane having a first water circulating, a fuel circulating and regulating membrane positioned above the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel channel flow manifold positioned above the first water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the fuel side, a fuel inlet connected to the fuel manifold for delivering fuel to a region between the fuel manifold and the first water circulating and regulating membrane, a second water circulating and regulating membrane positioned below the electrode on the oxygen side, an oxidiser gas manifold positioned below the second water circulating and regulating membrane and sealed to the electrode on the oxygen side, and an oxidiser gas inlet connected to the oxidiser gas manifold for delivering oxidiser gas to a region between the oxidiser gas manifold and the second water circulating and regulating membrane, a first electrical contact connected to the hydrogen electrode and a second electrical contact connected to the oxygen electrode, and a sealing rim extending around and connected to outer edges of the cell.    USE -   For driving portable electronic goods.    ADVANTAGE -   New electrode makes direct alcohol electrocatalysis fuel cells efficient at room temperatures and pressures by avoiding poisoning of alcohol diffusion through electrolyte, and avoids thermal or complex scale factors limiting size or power of cells. Reduced catalyst cost and simplified cell assembly.