(JP10066270-A)      A method for balancing charging-rates for constituent batteries (20A......20n inclusive) of a vehicle battery-pack determines actual/estimated self-discharge rates for each battery, and individually shunts across each assembly to compensate, at least partially for rate differences. A further aspect measures battery temperatures and shunts appropriately.    In addition, terminal voltages may be measured on-load/off-load. All three aspects may be incorporated in the algorithm developed, to contribute to balancing charging of the overall battery-pack.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Continuous charge-rate balancing for component batteries in pack assembly for electrically-powered vehicle. Imbalance magnitudes are minimised, allowing completion of charging in minimum time, ceasing effective charging of each battery at full-charge, using low-power rated components in control modules (26A......26n inclusive) and not requiring uniform discharging of all batteries in pack before re-charging.    (US5764027-A)      A method for balancing charging-rates for constituent batteries (20A......20n inclusive) of a vehicle battery-pack determines actual/estimated self-discharge rates for each battery, and individually shunts across each assembly to compensate, at least partially for rate differences. A further aspect measures battery temperatures and shunts appropriately.    In addition, terminal voltages may be measured on-load/off-load. All three aspects may be incorporated in the algorithm developed, to contribute to balancing charging of the overall battery-pack.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Continuous charge-rate balancing for component batteries in pack assembly for electrically-powered vehicle. Imbalance magnitudes are minimised, allowing completion of charging in minimum time, ceasing effective charging of each battery at full-charge, using low-power rated components in control modules (26A......26n inclusive) and not requiring uniform discharging of all batteries in pack before re-charging.