US5733683-A  Armand, "Polymer Electrolytes", Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1986, vol. 16, pp. 245-261. No Month.;  Bittihn et al., "Polypyrrole As An Electrode Material For Secondary Lithium Cells", pp. 51-59 (undated).;  Brandt, "Historical development of secondary lithium batteries", Solid States Ionics vol. 69, (1994), pp. 173-183. No Month.;  Braun et al., "Visible light emission from semiconducting polymer diodes", Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 58, No. 18, 6 May 1991, pp. 982-984.;  Charton, "The Quantitative Treatment of the Ortho Effect", Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Science, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York, pp. 234-305. No Date.;  Chiang et al., "Electrical Conductivity in Doped Polyacetylene", Physical Review Letters, vol. 39, No. 17, Oct. 24, 1977, pp. 098-100, 1101 (undated).;  Chidsey et al., "Electroactive Polymers and Macromolecular Electronics", Articles, Science, vol. 231, pp. 25-31 (1986). No Month.;  Curtis et al., "Fabrication of Conducting Polymer Interconnects", Science, vol. 262, 24 Dec. 1993, pp. 2014-2016.;  Dimagno, et al., "Facile Elaboration of Porphyrins via Metal-Mediated Cross-Coupling"; J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, pp. 5983-5993. No Month.;  Evans, "The Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers", Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 1-74 (undated).;  Fujita et al., "The Analysis of the Ortho Effect", Department of Agricultural Chemistry, pp. 49-89 (undated).;  Garcia et al., "Effect of End Substitution on Electrochemical and Optical Properties of Oligothiophenes", J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, pp. 513-516. No Month.;  Garnier et al., "All-Polymer Field-Effect Transistor Realized by Printing Techniques", Science, vol. 265, 16 Sep. 1994, pp. 1684-1686.;  Granstrom et al., "Micrometer-and Nanometer-Sized Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes", Science vol. 267, 10 Mar. 1995, pp. 146-148.;  Gritzner et al., "International Union Of Pure And Applied Chemistry", Pure & Appl. Chem., vol. 54, No. 8, 1982, pp. 1527-1532. No Month.;  Halls et al., "Efficient photodiodes from interpenetrating polymer networks", Nature, vol. 376, 10 Aug. 1995, pp. 498-500.;  Hayashi et al., "Dichloro[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene]palladium-(II): An Effective . . . Halides", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, pp. 158-163. No Month.;  Kaeriyama et al., "Structure And Properties of Polythiophene Derivatives", Synthetic Metals, 28 (1989) C611-C620. No Month.;  Kaneto, et al., "Characteristics of Polythiophene Battery", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 22, No. 9, Sep., 1983, pp. L567-L568.;  Kaneto, et al., "Optical and Electrical Properties of Electrochemically Doped n-and p-Type Polythiophenes", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 23, No. 3, Mar., 1984, pp. L189-L191.;  Lacroix, et al., "Substituted Aniline Electropolymerization: Experimental Results And Frontier Orbital Interpretation", New Journal Of Chemistry, vol. 14, No. 2-1990, pp. 87-96. No Month.;  Lemaire, et al., "Design And Synthesis Of Polythiophene Containing Phenyl Substituents", New J. Chem., 1990, 14, pp. 359-364. No Month.;  Maxfield et al., "Composite Electrods Containing Conducting Polymers and Li Alloys", Electrochemical Science and Technology, vol. 135, No. 2, Feb. 1988, pp. 299-305.;  Osaka et al., "Dependence of Film Thickness on Electrochemical Kinetics of Polypyrrole and on Properties of LithiumPolypyrrole Battery", J. Electrochem. Soc.: Eletrochemical Science and Technology, vol. 134, No. 9, Sep. 1987, pp. 2096-2102.;  Oyama et al., "Dimercaptan-polyaniline composite electrodes for lithium batteries with high energy density", Nature, vol. 373, 16 Feb. 1995, pp. 598-600.;  Reynolds, et al., "Electrochromic Polymers and Devices Via Electropolymerized Low Potential Monomers", Department of Chemistry, p. 135 (undated).;  Roncali et al., "New Electrogenerated Conducting Poly(thiophenes) containing Substituted Phenyl Groups", J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 1990, pp. 414-416. No Month.;  Roncali, "Conjugated Poly(thiophenes): Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications", Chem. Rev. 1992, vol. 92, pp. 711-738. No Month.;  Rudge et al., "A Study Of The Electrochemical Properties Of Conducting Polymers For Application in Electrochemical Capacitors", Electrochimica Acta, vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 273-287, 1994. No Month.;  Rudge et al., "Conducting Polymers As Active Materials In Electrochemical Capacitors", Submitted To Journal Of Power Sources, pp. 1-24 (undated).;  Sato et al., "Electrochemical Preparation of Highly Anode-active Poly(3-phenylthiophene)", J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, pp. 1725-1726. No Month.;  Scrosati, "Electrode and Electrolyte Materials for Polymer-Based Lithium Batteries", J. Electrochem Soc., vol. 136, No. 10, Oct. 1989, pp. 2774-2782.;  Waltman, et al., "Substituent Effects In The Electropolymerization Of Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds", J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, pp. 4343-4346. No Month.;  Wrighton, "Surface Functionalization of Electrodes with Molecular Reagents", Science, vol. 231, pp. 32-27 (1986). No Month.;  Wu et al., "Preparation of 3-Thienylzinc and magnesium Halide via Oxidative Addition of . . . 3-lodothiophene", J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, pp. 6658-6659. No Month.;  Youssoufi et al., "Effects Of Electrosynthesis And Cycling Conditions On The Cation-Doping Of Poly(3-4-Fluoro-Benzyloxyethyl)-Thiophene)", Synthetic Metals, 41-43 (1991) p. 2916. No Month.;  Yu et al., "Enhanced electroluminescence from semiconducting polymer blends", Synthetic Metals 72 (1995), pp. 249-252. No Month.WO9819355-A1  See also references of EP 0947014A1EP947014-A1  A. DU PASQUIER AND AL: "Poly(fluorophenylthiophene)/polythiophene ) based supercapacitors" ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS, vol. 96, no. 25, 6 October 1996 (1996-10-06), pages 127-137, XP008055082;  IRVIN D J ET AL: "Electropolymerisation behavior of 1,4-Bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thieny l)-2,5-difluorobenzene and 1,4-Bis(2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorobenzene" POLYMER PREPRINTS, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, US, vol. 37, no. 1, March 1996 (1996-03), page 532, XP002093066 ISSN: 0032-3934;  RUDGE A ET AL: "CONDUCTING POLYMERS AS ACTIVE MATERIALS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS" JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 47, no. 1/2, January 1994 (1994-01), pages 89-107, XP000533192 ISSN: 0378-7753;  F. GAO AND AL: "Polythiophene electrodes for lithium ion batteries" PROCEEDINGS OF LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES, 6 October 1996 (1996-10-06), pages 213-222, XP008055083;  See also references of WO 9819355A1