(US5710504-A)      The switched capacitor system (10) can be used with series coupled batteries (B) as well as primary and backup batteries which are alternately coupled to a load. The system includes multiple capacitors (14) and switching elements (16), each capacitor being switched back and forth between a predetermined pair of batteries for the purpose of transferring charge between them and equalising their output voltages. The control unit (12) is simply a clock signal to command the switches to take their upper and lower positions sequentially. The up and down clock phases are connected to the switches through control lines (18) but their durations need not match and no particular durations are required. A brief dead time is provided between phases to prevent any possible overlap or momentary short circuits.    ADVANTAGE -   Achieves precise equalisation, simple and inexpensive, modular construction for arbitrary number of batteries.    (EP900465-A1)      The switched capacitor system (10) can be used with series coupled batteries (B) as well as primary and backup batteries which are alternately coupled to a load. The system includes multiple capacitors (14) and switching elements (16), each capacitor being switched back and forth between a predetermined pair of batteries for the purpose of transferring charge between them and equalising their output voltages. The control unit (12) is simply a clock signal to command the switches to take their upper and lower positions sequentially. The up and down clock phases are connected to the switches through control lines (18) but their durations need not match and no particular durations are required. A brief dead time is provided between phases to prevent any possible overlap or momentary short circuits.    ADVANTAGE -   Achieves precise equalisation, simple and inexpensive, modular construction for arbitrary number of batteries.    (JP2000511398-W)      The switched capacitor system (10) can be used with series coupled batteries (B) as well as primary and backup batteries which are alternately coupled to a load. The system includes multiple capacitors (14) and switching elements (16), each capacitor being switched back and forth between a predetermined pair of batteries for the purpose of transferring charge between them and equalising their output voltages. The control unit (12) is simply a clock signal to command the switches to take their upper and lower positions sequentially. The up and down clock phases are connected to the switches through control lines (18) but their durations need not match and no particular durations are required. A brief dead time is provided between phases to prevent any possible overlap or momentary short circuits.    ADVANTAGE -   Achieves precise equalisation, simple and inexpensive, modular construction for arbitrary number of batteries.