NOVELTY - The crushing process of the electrolyte is carried out at very low freezing temperatures so that ignition of the electrolyte in the battery an subsequent generation of harmful gases is prevented. The crushed electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent and separated from the other solid particles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte-organic solvent solution is heated to a temperature below the flush point. The vapors obtained are condensed and distilled to separate the electrolyte and organic solvent.    USE -   For recycling secondary battery used as supply for motor vehicle, computer, word processor, portable house hold electric appliances etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the electrolyte is crushed at very low freezing temperatures, the generation of harmful gases and ignition of electrolyte during the crushing process is prevented.
NOVELTY - A transparent bonding resin material (2) containing silicone resin is applied over transparent insulated substrate (1). The resin film (3) is then bonded on transparent bonding resin material.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since transparent bonding resin material and resin film are sequentially applied over substrate, it can withstand high temperature during manufacturing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional view of steps in manufacturing solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Transparent bonding resin material; (3) Resin film.
A non-aqueous electrolytic soln. contains a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium cpd. serving as an electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolytic soln. also contains 10-900 ppm-of silicone oil of formula (R)3 Si-[O-Si(R)2 ]n -O-Si(R)3(I) to depress the decomposition of the electrolytic soln.    In (I), R = an alkyl gp.; and n = 0-1000.    USE -   The soln. is used in a sec. batteries made of lithium and having a negative electrode consisting of a material doping and dedoping a lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium.    ADVANTAGE -   Adding the silicone oil to the soln. depresses the development of a decomposed gas to prevent the sec. battery from blistering without decreasing the discharge characteristics of the battery.
NOVELTY - On the surface of anode board (12) and cathode plate (13), a binding agent (14) consisting of mixture of binder and insulating power is adhered to join them.    USE -   Used for bonding anode and cathode during manufacture of lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   As separator is not used, gap between anode board and cathode plate is reduced so good lead storage battery is realizable.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of lead storage battery. (12) Anode board; (13) Cathode plate; (14) Binding agent.
A solid macromolecular electrolyte-type fuel cell consists of: (a) a solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane having ion exchange capability; and (b) a positive electrode and a negative electrode placed by coming into contact with both the sides of the solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane, respectively. The surface of the solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane has water repellency owing to a crosslinking structure afforded by styrene and divinyl benzene.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane has high moisture content and water repellency on its surface. The result yields the solid macromolecular electrolyte-type fuel cell having sufficient power generation though the fuel cell has low internal resistance without causing adverse effects on an electrode reaction.
A methanol electrode is connected to one surface of an ion exchange membrane which is a solid macromolecular electrolyte. An air electrode is connected to the other surface of the ion exchange membrane. The ion exchange membrane consists of a polymer formed by introducing an anionic exchange gp. into a polymer having a repeating unit of -X-Ar-Y-, where: X and Y = -O- or -S-; Ar = a gp. with formula (1), formula (2) or formula (3).    W = a single bond, -O-, -S-, or -CR6R7 (R6 and R7 = hydrogen atoms, or 1-6C alkyl gps.); R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 = 1-8C alkyl gps.; a = 0-3; b+c = 0-7; d+e = 0-5.    ADVANTAGE -   Methanol in the ion exchange membrane has reduced crossleak amt. The result provides the methanol fuel cell with enhanced output voltage. The ion exchange membrane has superior mechanical strength and heat resistance.
A slurry contains an active material consisting of a carbonaceous material and/or a composite metal oxide, a polymer having a gel content of 50% or more, and a liquid material containing N-methyl pyrrolidone and an oxygen-containing cpd. having a b.pt. of 50-350C.    Also claimed is that a binder composition contains a polymer having a gel content of 50% or more, and a liq. material contg. N-methyl pyrrolidone and an oxygen-containing cpd. having a b.pt. of 50-350C.    Also claimed is that an electrode is produced, using the slurry, or the binder composition.    Also claimed is that a battery has the electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   The use of the liq. material provides the electrode and the battery with highly enhanced performance. The slurry has uniform dispersibility, superior long-term shelf life stability, uniform application on a current collector. The active material layer has uniformity. Superior adhesion between the current collector and the active material and superior bonding of the active material are observed. The resulting sec. lithium ion sec. battery has good charging and discharging cycling characteristics.
NOVELTY - Sintered nickel substrate is impregnated with active material consisting of cadmium hydroxide as chief constituent which is hydrated by applying polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) of low degree of polymerization. Then charging and discharging process is performed.    USE -   Used for nickel cadmium-storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   After charging and discharging, crystallinity of PVP decreases and part of PVP film breaks to allow electrolyte to react with active material so delaying hydrogen gas formation. PVP excels in inhibiting capacity deterioration.
NOVELTY - One side of positive electrode tab terminal (3) or negative electrode tab terminal is coated with an insulator (5). The insulator coating is formed of epoxy resin having acid resistance.    USE -   For air-tight type battery e.g. air-tight type lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers uninterrupted power supply as short circuit does not occur. Polarity of the terminals can be known by corresponding color of insulator which eases identification. Since a single sealing agent filling machine is used, cost is reduced and productivity is raised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the positive electrode tab terminal of air-tight type battery. (3) Positive electrode tab terminal; (5) Insulator.
NOVELTY - Polymer blends and membranes are prepared by reaction of a polymeric sulfonic acid salt with a primary, secondary or tertiary nitrogen containing polymer.    USE - The acid-base polymer blends are useful in the form of a thin film as a proton conductive electrolyte in membrane fuel cells (H2-polymer electrolyte or direct methanol fuel cells), in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, in aqueous or non-aqueous electrodialysis or diffusion dialysis or as membranes or hollow fibers for pervaporation, per-extraction, gas separation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer blends have high mechanical, chemical and thermal stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymers blends and polymer blend membranes for the production of ion-exchange membranes are prepared by the reaction of a solution of a polymeric sulfonic acid salt of formula (1) with a primary, secondary, or tertiary nitrogen containing polymer in a dipolar aprotic solvent and the resulting sulfonic acid salt-base-blend post treated by storage at 20-100 degreesC in hot, dilute mineral acid.    Polymer-SO3X (1)    X = monovalent metal cation, NH4+, NH3R+, NH2R2+, NHR3+, NR4+, pyridine H+;    R = alkyl and/or aryl    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the performance of a H2-polymer electrolyte fuel cell in oxygen (2 bar) at 80 degreesC using a poly(etheretherketone)SO3H/aminated polysulfone membrane.
NOVELTY - Acid-base polymer blends or acid-base polymer blend membranes are produced by reaction of a solution of a polymeric sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid salt and an imidazole group or benzimidazole group containing polymer, optionally under addition of LiCl in a dipolar-aprotic solvent and evaporation of the solvent.    USE - The acid-base polymer blends are useful in the form of a thin film as a proton conductive electrolyte in membrane fuel cells (H2-polymer electrolyte or direct methanol fuel cells), in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, in aqueous or non-aqueous electrodialysis or diffusion dialysis or as membranes or hollow fibers for pervaporation, per-extraction, gas separation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer blend membranes have excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for production of anionic exchange blend polymer or membrane by dissolving an anion exchange polymer or its tertiary basic nitrogen containing precursor in a dipolar aprotic solvent, addition of an imidazole or benzimidazole group containing polymer or solution thereof, followed by addition of a low molecular weight monohalogen and/or dihalogen compound to the solution and evaporation of the solvent, at increased temperature and optionally low pressure.
NOVELTY - An anodic corrosion inhibiting agent is added to standard battery electrolyte solution which enhanced the solution and reduce corrosion and production of hydrogen gas. The new electrolyte solution comprises of anodic corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, sulfuric acid, and water.    USE - Lead-acid storage batteries having an enhanced electrolyte solution is used as a source of power to start internal combustion engines, electricity or generators.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced lead-acid storage batteries have a greater stability, thus, allowing the battery to remain idle for long periods of time without losing charge which improves the battery life. Production of hydrogen gas is reduced which will reduce the acid attack on the battery poles thus, reducing the chances of explosion under severe thermal conditions and corrosion at the battery poles is reduced. It is economical to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lead-acid storage battery with enhanced electrolyte consist of sulfuric acid, water, and a corrosion inhibiting solution. The inhibiting solution comprises of at least one of:    (A) triazine, thiourea, diethyl-thiourea, di-butyl thiourea, propargyl alcohol, 1-hexyn 3-ol, hexamethylene tetramine, keto amine, triphenyl sulfonium chloride, alkyl pyridine, hydrolyzed protein, organic iodine complexes, water soluble iodides, quart. ammonium salts, alkali or alkaline metal salts, hydrolyzable metal salts, or their mixtures;    (B) diphenyl sulfonate derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone or fatty acid ethoxylates.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of preparing a corrosion inhibited battery with reduced gassing effects.
NOVELTY - Heat retention container includes a case (1) integrally formed by blow molding. The case has a heat exchanger (2) with water supply end (3) and drain end (4) at the exterior. A bulged pipe attachment portion (6) is integrally formed on the blow pin passing portion of the case.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of thermal storage container. The heat exchanger is inserted between the open metallic molds such that the water supply end and the drain end are at exterior of the metallic molds. A parison which covers the upper portion of the container is extruded to reach the lower portion of the metallic mold. After closing the metallic molds, air is blown simultaneously into the parison through the blow pin. A notch having concave surface is adhered to the exterior of the blow pin along the mating face of metallic molds (7a,7b).    USE -   For solar water heater.    ADVANTAGE -   As the pipe attachment portion bulges integrally along the blow pin passing portion, water leakage at the time of connection of the supply and exhaust channel to the container is prevented. As the main case of the storage container is formed by blow molding with the heat exchanger incorporated, simultaneous rationalization in manufacture is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows perspective view of thermal storage container. (1) Case; ; (2) Heat exchanger; ; (3) Water supply end; ; (4) Drain end; ; (6) Pipe attachment portion; ; (7a,7b) Metallic molds.
NOVELTY - Dendritic materials for enhancing the performance of an energy storage device comprise a unimolecular micelle electrolyte including branched building blocks capable of triggering electrochemical discharge.    USE - Used for energy storage devices such as lithium and lithium rocking chair batteries, and for magnetoresistive and giant magnetoresistive disk drive heads (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The performance of energy storage devices is enhanced and magneto resistance is increased and detection improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) an energy storage device comprising a lithium source, an electrolyte, an insertion electrode and a current collector;    (b) controlling dynamic movement of a dendrimer by insertion of a guest into it; and    (c) improving magnetoresistive and giant magnetoresistive disk drive heads by incorporation of metallodendrimers and cyclic metal arrays to increase resistance and enhance signal detection to improve byte reading and detection based on electron flow pathway dispersion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An exploded view of a battery of the invention is shown.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte system for a rechargeable electrochemical cell comprises a polymeric support structure for supporting an electrolyte active species dispersed in it, the electrolyte active species comprises an electrolyte salt dispersed in a solvent, where the solvent comprises poly(vinylidene fluoride) having a number average molecular wt of not greater than 50,000 atomic mass units.    USE - The electrolyte is used in a rechargeable cell for use in for cellular communication, satellite, portable computers and electric vehicle applications.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte system combines the properties of high ionic conductivity and excellent low temperature performance, all while using a nonvolatile solvent or plasticizer. The electrolyte should not compromise performance at higher temp, should be relatively cost effective and should be easy to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical cell comprising:    (a) an anode;    (b) a cathode; and    (c) an electrolyte as described above.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte additive for lead acid batteries having antimony comprises natural oil, naphthenic oil, an ethylene-propylene copolymer; a zinc-free rust and oxidation inhibitor and an antifoaming ingredient.    USE - The additive is used in lead acid batteries with automobile, recreation vehicles and aircraft applications.    ADVANTAGE - Gassing, misting and water consumption is reduced which provides battery longevity through the use of a natural oil. The additive improves battery performance, reliability and performance in hot and cold weather. It reduces the needed maintenance of replacement water. The amount of corrosive substance in the battery is reduced, should spillage occur. Harmful vapors are not produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method of preparing an electrolyte for lead acid batteries having antimony, comprising the steps of:    (i) inserting a sulfuric acid based electrolyte into a battery housing in a sufficient amount to cover the top of cell plates;    (ii) preparing an electrolyte by admixing the components as described above;    (iii) inserting an amount between 3 and 39 ounces of the electrolyte additive into the housing over the electrolyte, the amount dependent upon the type of battery; and    (b) inserting a topping amount of the electrolyte over the electrolyte additive to a level 1/8 inch beneath the bottom of the vent tube well of the housing.
NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel gas mixture containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen are fed to opposite sides of the electrodes.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing the fuel cell, by laminating unit cells via separators and mechanically fixing them together, forming a gas-tight seal and joining with gas manifolds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross section of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    Separators (4)    Gas flow path (5)
NOVELTY - The battery tray assembly (100), to hold a vehicle battery in the motor compartment, has a drain hose (14) fitted to the tray (10) to lead off any liquid which may splash on to the tray. The drain hose (14) is structured (18) to give it a particular alignment and orient the outlet opening (16). The hose structuring is an accordion pleating (18) in the hose wall or an embedded metal wire. The battery tray (10) is of metal or plastics, and the drain hose (14) is of plastics.    USE - The assembly is to hold and support a vehicle battery.    ADVANTAGE - The structure ensures that any battery acid which overflows, such as on topping-up and the like, is drained from the tray and directed away from any electrical leads or contacts to prevent an acid attack or corrosion at the motor assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of the battery tray assembly.    battery tray (10)    drain hose (14)    outlet opening (16)    hose alignment structure (18)    battery tray assembly (100)
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte is obtained from a precursor comprising a polymer capable of forming viscous gel at specified temperature conditions.    USE - Used in lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Polymer electrolytes has significantly lower polymer content than traditional polymer electrolytes, display performance similar to liquid electrolytes, with improved safety, and are obtained using simplified technology. Produced electrochemical cells have high performance and safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymer electrolyte is obtained from a precursor comprising a polymer capable of forming viscous gel at specified temperature conditions. A method uses electrolyte precursor, comprising solvent, salt and polymer which dissolves in solvent at temperature Td and is capable of forming gel on cooling after heating to temperature Tg (Td less than Tg). The method comprises:    (a) heating electrolyte precursor to Td;    (b) optional cooling;    (c) incorporating electrolyte precursor into electrochemical cell;    (d) heating electrochemical cell to temperature Tg, and    (e) cooling polymer electrochemical cell to ambient temperature to cause gelling of polymer electrolyte.    Electrolyte is preferably confined in separator having porous polymeric woven or nonwoven structure with pore size 10 x 10 nm to 1 x 1 mm, and thickness 10-100 (10-25) micrometers.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical cell obtained, with negative electrode structure comprising graphite, coke and/or mesocarbon microbeads, positive electrode structure comprises lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide and/or lithium nickel oxide, preferably lithium manganese oxide, and a gelled polymer electrolyte, containing 1-12 wt.% (4-8 wt.%) polymer.
NOVELTY - An image sensing device comprises a package including an imaging sensor and a light selective element coupled to opposite sides of the package overlying the top of the sensor.    USE - As the light detecting component in a digital imaging system such as a camera.    ADVANTAGE - The light selective element or filter is integrated into the image sensing package.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The light selective (e.g. absorptive or reflective) element is preferably an IR selective element formed of an ionically colored or surface treated glass or a plastic substrate, or a glass with an optical coating, preferably of titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide or tantalum pentoxide or a polymer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an imaging system comprising the above imaging sensor package and light selective element, plus control and signal processing circuitry.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a top perspective view of an image sensing device of the invention    Package (15)    Imaging sensor comprising e.g. an array of light absorbing pixels (20)    IR light selective element or filter fixed directly to the top opposing sides of the package (25)
NOVELTY - An ion-conductive multiphase polymer gel electrolyte for lithium batteries has a continuous microscopic network of solid polymer and an interpenetrating conductive liquid phase comprising a solvent carrying dissolved lithium salt.    USE - As a polymer gel electrolyte for lithium rechargeable batteries and as these batteries    ADVANTAGE - Over 20 full charge/discharge cycles can be performed at a 0.2C rate without short-circuiting (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A multi-phase polymeric gel electrolyte having an ion-conductivity of more than 1 mS/cm comprises (a) a continuous solid phase polymer of functionalized 2-100C alkane or alkylene oxide monomers of formula (I)    ((CH2)p-O)m (I)    m = 2, 3 or 4;    p = 3, 4, 5 or 6    ;and (b) an interpenetrating continuous ion-conductive liquid phase containing a solvent and a lithium salt. The microscopic network structure of the solid is such that when a rechargeable battery is formed by placing the electrolyte between a Li metal anode an Li cobaltate cathode the capacity is at least 3 mAh/cm2 and at least 20 full charge/discharge cycles at a 0.2C rate are possible without short-circuiting.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a method of making the electrolyte above comprising forming a one-phase polymerizable composition as above and polymerizing with phase separation to give the multi-phase electrolyte; and (b) a rechargeable lithium battery as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the lithium battery is shown.    Anode (10)    Electrolyte (11)    Cathode (12)
NOVELTY - A polymer dispersion composition is produced by mixing an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer with an organic liquid containing water-insoluble particles dispersed in, followed by dehydrating the mixture.    USE - The dispersion composition can be used as a binder composition particularly with electroactive materials in a slurry for battery electrodes to made electrodes and then lithium-ion secondary batteries (all claimed) for mobile phones, portable PCs etc.    ADVANTAGE - Batteries produced with the composition have large capacity and excellent charge-discharge characteristics, without peeling off of active materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer dispersion composition is produced by mixing an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer with an organic liquid containing water-insoluble particles dispersed in, followed by dehydrating the mixture.
NOVELTY - The electrochemical material has higher density and smaller nickel hydroxide crystals. The material is manufactured by oxidation of a powder of a nickel based hydroxide with large crystals, then reduction of the oxidised powder to obtain a reduced powder with small crystals.    USE -   Alkaline batteries with nickel electrodes    ADVANTAGE -   Improved volumetric and mass characteristics for nickel electrodes in batteries.
NOVELTY - A through-hole (8) is formed on photo electromotive force apparatus. An amorphous silicon layer (6) covering Ti film (3), Ag film (4) and ZnO film (5), is formed along inner wall of the through-hole. A transparent electrode (7) covering the layer (6) within the through-hole, is connected to a conductive substrate (1) with insulating resin film (2) via the through-hole.    USE -   In photovoltaic apparatus e.g. amorphous silicon type thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the substrate is used as track, electrode lamination process to substrate backside is eliminated. Reduces material cost by using conductive substrate. Reduces resistance loss extremely since the substrate has certain amount of thickness, thereby raises collector efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic sectional view of principal part of solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Insulating resin film; (3) Ti film; (4) Ag film; (5) ZnO film; (6) Amorphous Si layer; (7) Transparent electrode; (8) Through-hole.
NOVELTY - The protection sheet consists of polyethylene group resin with a density ranging from 0.94-0.97 g/cm3 for providing weather resistance and damp-proofing property.    USE -   For solar batteries in a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   As the polyethylene resin excels in environmental-resistant capability and as sheet can be molded by a general procedure, a solar battery module that is environmentally-resistant can be obtained.
NOVELTY - Secondary battery consists of a constructor having thermosetting resin containing hardener and heat cured promotion catalyst of a thermosetting resin.    USE -   Used for cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Safety of a secondary battery is increased by restraining cell reaction quickly during unusual rise in battery temperature due to overcharge.
NOVELTY - A sheet-like separator (3) interposing a sheet like positive electrode (1) and a sheet-like negative electrode (2) are piled up, wound, then set as the wound electrode object accommodated in a battery case (5). All the electrolytes (4) were polymerized into the 3D gel-like electrolyte to form the polymer electrolyte battery.    USE -   Polymer electrolyte battery is used for load levelling in portable equipment and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   High energy density and leakage resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the polymer electrolyte battery. (1) Positive electrode; (2) Negative electrode; (3) Separator; (4) Electrolyte; (5) Battery case.
A new polymer electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries comprise a polymer which contains a specific monomer of formulae (I), (II), (III), or (IV). R1 = proton or methyl gp; R2, R3, R4 = 1-4C (fluoro)alkyl gp. or phenyl gp; A1, A2, A3 = 1-4C alkylene gp. or phenylene gp; n, m, p, q = integer equal to or larger than 0.    USE -   For rechargeable (= secondary) lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new polymer electrolyte has a higher ionic conductivity of the order of 104 ohm-cm at room temperature.
NOVELTY - The support body of a polymer electrolyte layer (3) includes a polyolefin sheet of thickness 25-40 m, having microporosity of 60-80%. The mean pore size of sheet is more than 0.5 m.    USE -   In polymer electrolyte battery used for portable equipment, electric vehicle, load leveling, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents generation of short circuit and provides excellent load characteristics. Has high energy density. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the polymer electrolyte battery. (3) Polymer electrolyte layer.
NOVELTY - The supporting component of polymer electrolyte is made up of glass fiber non-woven fabric of fiber diameter 1 m or less having porosity of 80-95 %. The thickness of glass fiber non-woven fabric is 40-100 m.    USE -   For supporting polymer electrolyte in polymer electrolyte battery in portable equipments, electric vehicles for load leveling of electric power.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces thickness of polymer electrolyte layer without causing any short circuits, thereby excels in load characteristics.
NOVELTY - A battery casing with an improved electrolyte flow path includes a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the battery casing, formed of a rectangular wall surrounding a cylindrical wall having a small gap.    USE - Especially with a lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - An improved electrolyte flow path is provided when the battery is tilted onto any of its sides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The flow path comprises a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the casing, comprising: a rectangular wall around the opening and a cylindrical wall concentric with the cell opening formed within the rectangular wall. The cylindrical wall is interrupted by a small circumferential gap and a wall extends between the cylindrical and rectangular wall tangential to the cylindrical wall and adjacent to the gap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the battery cover of the invention with a vent manifold cover removed    Battery cover (14)    Vent manifold cover (20)    Cell openings (22)    Rectangular walls (28, 30, 32)    Cylindrical walls (24)    Circumferential gap (26)
NOVELTY - A substrate (16) is bonded to the entire surface of a mirrored glass (12) having small radius of curvature, highly reflective and non-wavy specular surface. The substrate is bonded to the mirrored glass using glass adhesive (18) made of silicone resin. The substrate is bonded to a support structure (20) which maintains the radius of curvature of mirrored glass, using adhesive (22).    USE - In solar photovoltaic concentrator system.    ADVANTAGE - Has low mass per unit area and higher optical qualities. Achieves protection of reflective surfaces from space environment. The reflective surface is resistive to impact by foreign bodies such as meteorite or other structural impact. The reflector facet can be used in the form of facet tiles so that if one tile is broken, effect on optical performance of entire facet is minimized. Low distortion over range of temperature is achieved due to matching composite materials and their fiber orientation with glass to minimize thermal stress.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate has a smooth surface for bonding to the mirrored glass so that no pattern print is formed on the surface of the mirrored glass. The substrate has a thermal expansion coefficient similar to mirrored glass so that changes in temperature does not cause the substrate to alter the curvature of mirrored glass. The thickness of mirrored glass is in the range of 0.002-0.010 inches and that substrate is 0.031- 0.015 inches. The substrate is formed from fiber glass material having silicone based resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic cross-section of reflector facet.    Mirrored glass (12)    Substrate (16)    Glass adhesive (18)    Support structure (20)    Adhesive (22)
NOVELTY - An opaque film (1) containing a polymer, silica particle of tetrafluoro ethylene-hexafluoro propylene-vinylidene fluoride, (THV) has a clearance in which an aggregate of silica (3) is configured. The aggregate which is dispersed in the front and back projected areas of the film, permeates between them and makes the opaque film a support body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the porous film. A liquid mixture which dispersed aggregated silica particle in the state of floc, is obtained from a solution containing polymer of THV. The liquid mixture is applied on a base material, dried and removed from the base material to form the porous film.    USE -   For secondary batteries and enzyme refining process.    ADVANTAGE -   A porous film which has an aggregate permeating along the cross section, is obtained and has a film thickness of 10-300 m. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the porous film. (1) Opaque film; (3) Aggregate of silica.
NOVELTY - The tube holder has a vertical groove in the longitudinal direction of the surface, pusher with press surface presses one end edge of the tube piece supplied on the tube holder. A portion of the press surface of a pusher is extended in the vertical groove.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Two or more vertical grooves are provided over the whole circumference surface enclosure of the main portion of the tube holder. The main portion of the tube holder has similar shape of the object to be covered.    USE -   For covering battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Buckling is not produced in the press edge of the tube piece since the pusher has its portion extended in the vertical groove. Various tube pieces can be installed at high efficiency by using tube piece installation tool.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows side view of the tube piece installation tool.
NOVELTY - A laminate (102) to be further laminated with a transparent film (101), is positioned between lower and upper chambers (103,104). A tubular presser is provided inside the upper chamber to press the continuously supplied transparent film on the laminate during which, the pressure of the upper chamber is set smaller than that of the lower chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The laminate to be further laminated is heat crimped initially before positioning between the chambers. Surface coating is carried out after the lamination of the transparent film. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the lamination method which involves setting up of the lower chamber pressure to the atmospheric pressure. Using a heater, the laminate is heated up such that adhesive resin is melted. The transparent film is intermittently and continuously conveyed. The film constitutes the light receiving surface of the solar battery module. The laminated product becomes larger than the chambers.    USE -   For mass production of solar battery module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   As the transparent film is continuously supplied and pressed with a presser, mass production becomes simple. As the pressure of the chambers are maintained, lamination is effective thereby increasing the production. The apparatus is compact and cheap, and hence manufacturing cost is subsequently less. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows typical top view and side view of lamination apparatus. (101) Transparent film; (102) Laminate; (103,104) Lower and upper chambers.
NOVELTY - The active material composition includes a plasticizer having an epoxidized soybean oil.    USE - For small, lightweight battery cells used in cameras, cellular phones, audio systems, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike conventional cells, which use the environmental pollutant dibutylphthalate as the plasticizer, cells prepared using the active material composition (i) do not cause environmental pollution because epoxidized soybean oil is used instead. The ionic conductivity of cells produced using the composition (i) is also enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An active material composition (i) for a lithium based secondary cell comprises:    (1) an active material;    (2) a conductive agent;    (3) a binder; and    (4) a plasticizer including an epoxidized soybean oil (ii).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of an electrode for a lithium based secondary cell comprising:    (1) casting (i) into a film; and    (2) laminating the active material film with a current collector.
NOVELTY - The pole (102) has a threaded top (38) with insulated electrical contacts (34 and 36) and wires (140) that extend the length of the pole to contacts (132 and 134) within a female threaded section. A battery module (24) screws into the female thread making electrical contact with the wires. A pointed tip (14) may be screwed into the base of the battery pack    USE - In surveying especially with global positioning systems.    ADVANTAGE - Lightweight pole with integral and detachable battery pack can be used in conjunction with equipment such as global positioning systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (a) A range pole without a battery pack    (b) A battery pack module for a range pole    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Diagrammatic section of the pole and battery pack.    Pole tip (14)    Battery module (24)    Electrical contacts (34 and 36)    Electrical contacts (132 and 134)    Wires (140)
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte comprising polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and a plasticizing lithium salt in a liquid organic solvent contains a reinforcing filler consisting of porous polyamide particles.    USE - The electrolyte is especially useful in batteries (claimed) of the type in which the negative active material is a carbon material capable of incorporating lithium into its structure.    ADVANTAGE - The polyamide particles provide sufficient mechanical strength to produce batteries with a long service life, especially at temperatures above 45degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the electrolyte by impregnating the polyamide particles with the solvent, mixing the PAN with the lithium salt, adding the particles to the mixture, and shaping the product.
NOVELTY - A secondary battery has an ion-conductive member (503) between positive and negative electrodes (504,505) which contain oriented ion channels (502) giving a higher ionic conductivity in the direction joining the electrodes.    USE - As a high energy density secondary battery (claimed) such as a lithium battery for portable apparatus, electric vehicles or load leveling.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is immune to deterioration or decomposition during charge/discharge cycles, dendrite growth in lithium or zinc is suppressed, ionic conductivity is increased and the energy density enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of forming the battery above comprising orienting the ion channels to give a higher ionic conductivity in a direction joining the electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the battery is shown.    Ion channels (502)    Matrix (503)    Electrodes (504,505)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic or photoconducting device is formed by the controlled lamination of two components, each comprising an electrode and a semiconductor layer, such that a mixed layer containing lesser amounts of both semiconductors is formed and leaves thinner original semiconductor layers.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Devices have a high efficiency to cost ratio, and the risk of pin hole formation is reduced, especially in large area devices. Device production is more flexible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) production of photovoltaic or photoconductive device comprising laminating electron donor and acceptor semiconductors; and    (b) the photoconductive device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of a device is shown.    Electrodes (4,12)    Semiconductor layers (6,14)    Mixed layer (28)
NOVELTY - An acid-doped polyaniline base polymer is dissolved in a solvent containing one or more bicyclic terpene having low drying temperature.    USE - For manufacturing conductive articles such as fibers, films, coated articles, batteries, electrolytic sensors, capacitive element (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The bicyclic terpene solvent has low drying temperature (140 degreesC or less). The solvent wets most of the surface and porous objects and is less toxic than xylene based solvents conventionally used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of capacitive elements. A dielectric layer consisting of sintered valve metal powder formed on the surface of an anode body is anodized. The dielectric surface layer of the anode is than coated with an electrically conductive, acid-doped polyaniline polymer in a solvent containing one or more bicyclic terpene.
NOVELTY - Cooling water circulated between inner and outer chambers to cool selective oxidation catalyst layer (52) based on the temperature conditions. A flow rate adjustment valve controls the flow rate of cooling water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The temperature of catalyst is measured with measurement units (132a-132c). Based on the measured temperature, a predetermined water level is set. Based on set water level, the valve is controlled so that the water level measured with sensor (133) coincides with set water level. By adjusting the water level, temperature is maintained at an appropriate level. A coolant ejection unit is provided for coolant ejection.    USE -   For solid polymer fuel battery system used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the cooling water circulated to control catalyst temperature, appropriate temperature distribution is maintained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory view of the carbon monoxide catalytic converter. (52) Oxidation catalyst layer; ; (132a-132c) Measurement units; ; (133) Sensor.
A reflection-preventing film (RPF) contains multi-reflection-preventing layers on a transparent base material. At least one of the reflection-preventing layers is prepared by exposing the coated film of composition to UV-rays. The composition contains (A) metal alkoxide or its hydrolysate, (B) a UV-ray-reactive metal alkoxide compound of formula M(R1)m(R2)n(OR3)p (I), (C) other UV ray-reactive compound than (B) and (D) organic solvent. M = metal; O = oxygen atom; R1 = UV ray-reactive gp., i.e., vinyl, isopropenyl, allyl, acryloyl or methacryloyl; R2 = 1-4C aliphatic hydrocarbon; R3 = 1-4C aliphatic hydrocarbon or H; m+n+p = q; q = atomic value of the metal; m, p = (q-1) or less and 1 or more; n = (q-1) or less and 1 or more; m, n, p = positive integer.    USE -   The RPF is useful for a solar battery, a solar water-warming equipment, a liquid crystal image-display equipment, CRT, PDP and window of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The RPF has high strength, high hardness, good adhesiveness to a base material, high uniformity, good transparency and good durability. The film can be formed at low temps. in a short time without affecting a human body or objects with heat or electron beam. The refractive index can be freely controlled.
NOVELTY - Sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) is treated with aldehydes and (water soluble) organic solvent in acidic condition, dehydrated, dried, treated with inorganic acid to form acid type carboxymethyl cellulose (H-CMC).    USE - USE H-CMC is used as disintegrating agent for the raw material of water soluble paper, tablets and may also be converted into various metal salts for use in battery compositions or as ceramic binders.    ADVANTAGE - The organic solvent used in the manufacturing process can be recovered. The process is simple and high yield of H-CMC is obtained. Problems such as gelling or formation of sludge during acid processing is eliminated.
NOVELTY - The amount of sagging in the centre section of the polyamide film during applying a load of 0.5 kg/mm2to a piece of length 2 m and width of 610 mm is 60 mm or less. The rate of heat-shrinking is 2% or less by heat shrinking in cross-direction at 210 C.     Preferably, the rate of heat shrinkage of the film in cross direction is 1 % or less, and the amount of sagging on a load of 0.5 kg/mm2is preferably 30 mm or less. Thickness of the film is preferably 2-100 m.    USE -   As flat film with amorphous silicon thin film on surface, for use in solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Flat film with minimal sagging and surface faults is obtained. The film can be efficiently used by laminating with amorphous silicon thin film in solar battery.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte consists of a polymer having a sulfate group represented by a general formula (R1 -X)n where `R1' includes 1-20 hetero atoms such as N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, I, etc, and `X' is an organic residue containing N, O, S, and `n' is an integer more than or equal to 2. The polymer belongs to methylene, ethylene or propylene group.    USE -   For secondary battery or fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Exhibits high ionic conductivity, high proton conductivity and maintains stable conductivity over large temperature range and prolonged usage due to composition of electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module comprises of one or more layers of composite foils with at least one polycarbonate layer and at least one fluorine-containing polymer layer.    USE - The module is useful for either stationary or mobile current generators (claimed), for solar vehicles, airships, boats, caravans, toys, TV mountings, luminous panels, timetable illumination, trecking and leisure areas, roof modules, and noise protection partition modules.    ADVANTAGE - The module has increased load carrying capacity combined with decreased weight compared with glass coated photovoltaic modules, which is especially advantageous when a mobile current generator has to be used, and has improved weather and moisture resistance and high strength.
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module comprises one or more layers of composite foils with at least one polycarbonate layer and at least one fluorine-containing polymer layer.    USE - The module is useful for either stationary or mobile current generators (claimed), for solar vehicles, airships, boats, caravans, toys, TV mountings, luminous panels, timetable illumination, tracking and leisure areas, roof modules, and noise protection partition modules.    ADVANTAGE - The module has increased load carrying capacity combined with decreased weight, which is especially advantageous when a mobile current generator has to be used, has improved weather and moisture resistance and high strength, and can be used as a constituent of so-called hybrid modules.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an apparatus for testing the load carrying capacity of foils.
NOVELTY - A plastic label (6) carries a metal layer (5) preferably applied by vapor deposition. A primer layer (4) applied over the metal film bonds with the plastic through voids in the metal film. Other layers may be applied for example an adhesive coat onto the plastic side and decorative coatings to the primer    USE - Outer cover for a dry cell battery    ADVANTAGE - Bond through the metal layer increases strength of adhesion. Primer prevents oxidation of the metallic layer. Label can be applied without wrinkling    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Exaggerated view of the layers of the battery label    Primer layer (4)    Metal layer (5)    Plastic layer (6)
NOVELTY - The module is fabricated in a process that encapsulates and electrically contacts all the cells in the module in a single step by using a back plane that has both the electrical circuit and planar support in a single piece. The solar cells connected to the circuit are secured and mechanically stabilized by an encapsulant which also stabilizes other components.    USE - Photovoltaic modules.    ADVANTAGE - The modules can be made at lower cost with fewer process steps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Laminated photovoltaic module comprising; (i) Planar structural mesh support. (ii) Array of a number of individual electrical conductors fixed to one side of the support. (iii) Number of back-contact crystalline silicon solar cells bearing electrical terminals over and in electrical contact with the array of electrical conductors such that an electrical circuit capable of generating power is formed. (iv) Sheet of glass over the back-contact silicon solar cells. (v) Layer of protective material covering the support on the other side to the electrical conductors and encapsulation material between the protective material and the glass and in contact with the solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section of a module including; (5) back sheet support, (7) conductive circuit elements, (10) solar cells, (13) terminals, (15) transparent protective material, (17) conductive adhesive, (22) gaps, (25) encapsulant material.
NOVELTY - The solid electrolyte other than lithium salt consists of a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene.    USE -   Used for lithium ion battery of portable PC and video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   Solid electrolyte has high mechanical strength and is thermally stable.
NOVELTY - The surface of an electrode terminal which contacts a thermoplastic resin layer is made rough. The thermoplastic surface of the resin layer undergoes electrical discharge treatment, flame treatment and ozone treatment. Then the thermoplastic surface is processed by ionisation actinic rays and plasma treatment is carried out.    USE -   For lithium cells used as batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Stability and dependability are improved, since the battery does not have impairment effects.
NOVELTY - A prismatic battery has a 'jelly roll' type winding (2) positioned around a rigid spool (20) comprising tightly fitting horizontal plates (21, 22) connected by spaced-apart vertical struts (23, 24, 25).    USE - For portable equipment such as mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides reduced manufacturing costs, high energy density and increased reliability and service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A prismatic battery has a 'jelly roll' type winding (2) positioned around a rigid spool (20) which comprises a horizontal upper plate (21) having the dimensions of the housing opening and a horizontal lower plate (22) having the internal dimensions of the housing base (15), the plates being joined by vertical central and side struts (23, 24, 25) which define two openings (26a, 26c) in the median plane of the spool (20) and a free space (27) at the periphery for fitting of the winding (2).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded perspective view of a prismatic battery according to the invention.    Winding (2)    Housing base (15)    Spool (20)    Upper plate (21)    Lower plate (22)    Side struts (23, 25)    Central strut (24)    Openings (26a, c)    Free space (27)
NOVELTY - Lithium bisoxalatoborate is produced by reacting lithium boron hydride with oxalic acid in an aprotic solvent.    USE - As conducting salt in lithium ion batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The lithium bisoxalatoborate has good electrochemical stability and good solubility in the aprotic solvent.
NOVELTY - A method of enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell has the steps of incorporating porous electrocatalyst particles in the cell at an interface between an electrode and an electrolyte where the less than 1 micron sized micro pores in the particles are impregnated with anion conducting impregnant    USE - Enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell by improving the mass transport properties within the micropores providing enhanced access to interior electrocatalyst surfaces for a reactant or a product of an electrochemical reaction induced by the electrocatalyst    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Included are INDEPENDENT CLAIMS for impregnating the particles by contacting them with the impregnant at a pressure above or below atmospheric pressure and an electrochemical fuel cell comprising an anode and cathode, an electrolyte consisting of an ion exchange membrane, and electrocatalyst particles on the interface between the elecrolyte and the anode and cathode
NOVELTY - An alkali metal electrode is made by forming a protective glassy layer (18) on a current collector (14) in an electrochemical cell which is impervious except to be single-ion conductive to alkali metal ions. The metal is plated through the protective layer to give an alkali metal layer (16) between it and the current collector.    USE - In forming primary and secondary lithium batteries    ADVANTAGE - The lithium surface is smooth and protected so that metal lithium batteries can be used safely and with long cycle lives.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) an alkali metal electrode precursor as above additionally comprising a wetting layer between the glassy layer and current collector; and (b) a battery comprising an alkali metal electrode formed as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A scheme of the process is shown.    Current collector (14)    Lithium layer (16)    Protective layer (18)
NOVELTY - The wire (7) is coated with an insulated cross linking fluororesin (9). The wire connects main component of the solar cell (1) with contact material (3) and outer coverings (5,6).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell manufacturing method.    USE -   For solar cell manufacturing.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves heat and pressure resistance of wire, as wire is coated with fluororesin, thus preventing degradation of flexible wire.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of manufacturing method of solar cell. (1) Solar cell; (3)Contact material; (5,6) Outer coverings; (7) Wire; (9) Fluororesin.
NOVELTY - A multilayered body consisting of an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) lamination portion (2), solar battery cell arrangement portion (3), back film feed zone (4), module lamination portion (5), sealing resin paint cloth portion (6) and resin curved portion (7), is subjected to aging. Then, the multilayered body is sealed after full cross-linking and hardening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module manufacturing apparatus.    USE - USE For manufacturing solar battery module used in residences and various consumer applications.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE The sequence of steps involved in solar battery module manufacture, ensures reliable mass production. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows production process diagram of solar battery module. (2) Lamination portion; (3) Module arrangement portion; (4) Feed zone; (5) Lamination portion; (7) Curved portion.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte has base material of porous sheet and it provides impregnation to base material. A solid polymer electrolyte layer of sheet like electrolyte is configured around the base material in the shape of a gel which surrounds the electrolyte.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery used for portable personal computer and video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   Mechanical strength of the electrolyte is improved by reinforcing with polymer gel, without affecting electric conductivity of battery.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte contains alkoxy denaturation dialkyl polysiloxane and polyalkylene oxide.    USE -   For lithium secondary batteries used in portable electronic equipment and electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Ion conductivity of the electrolyte is improved and the mechanical property of battery is made favorable. Cost of battery is reduced and the characteristic of the battery is improved by holding electrolyte between positive and negative electrode.
NOVELTY - On the support containing a polymer film an electrically conductive film containing metallic element chosen from aluminum, titanium or stainless steel is laminated to form collector. On the collector, anode material layer is laminated to form anode.    USE -   For non-aqueous secondary battery such as lithium secondary battery, for portable telephone, note book personal computer.    ADVANTAGE -   Weight of the anode is reduced, since electrically conductive film is thin thereby, the weight of the battery reduces.
NOVELTY - A separator (5) is provided between a cathode (1) and a anode (3). At least one side of the cathode or the anode is in contact with solvent of ester or ether group containing a binder of cross-linked type resin of non-swelling property.    USE -   In non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for electronic component, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Charging and discharging cycle characteristic is improved by including binder having cross-linked resin of non- swelling property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. (1) Cathode; (3) Anode; (5) Separator.
NOVELTY - A sealing board (9) with insulated gasket is fixed to the upper end opening of the can with caulk or welding and has a vent hole near its centre. An elastic valve (13) configured in the compressed state covers the vent hole (8) between caps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dish-like terminal cap (12) with vent hole (11) is configured on the sealing board. The elastic valve is EDPM (ternary polymer of ethylene, propylene and non- conjugated diene compound) rubber which mixed 1-20 weight% of polyolefins. The polyolefin has melting point of 100-150 C. Air-tight battery (1) consists of positive electrode (3), negative electrode (5), separator and electrolyte.    USE -   For portable electronic equipments e.g. telephone.    ADVANTAGE -   At high temperature the elastic valve operates smoothly and leakage at the time of storage is prevented. An air- tight battery with high safety and dependability is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the principal part section of air-tight battery. (1) Air-tight battery; ; (3) Positive electrode; ; (5) Negative electrode; ; (8,11) Vent holes; ; (9) Sealing board; ; (12) Dish-like terminal cap; ; (13) Elastic valve.
NOVELTY - A battery comprises positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte solution-containing electrolyte, bonded to each other with an adhesive resin layer at least one of which contains filler.    USE - The battery can be used in mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Such battery is miniaturizable, with lightweight and thinness, improved battery performance e.g. high current density, large discharge capacitance and cycle characteristics, and adhesive strength. There is need for using solid can to provide support,    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A diagram showing the volume ratio of adhesive resin layers in the battery.    Volume of pore formed by filler (a)    volume of pore (b)    volume of adhesive resin (c)    volume of filler (d)    volume of adhesive layer (e)
NOVELTY - Thin acrylic sheet (100) is formed using a radiant heating element (20) mounted on a frame (2) parallel to but spaced 8 inches away from a platform (8) providing a flat support surface for a finished surface of the sheet. The element is heated to raise the air temperature in the open to atmosphere, area between it and the sheet to about 220degreesF. The sheet is heated until moldable following which it is removed, positioned on a mold, and molded. The sheet is left on the mold until it has cooled.    USE - For molding preformed acrylic sheet into selected shapes prior to mounting them on wooden counters as a laminate layer to form counter tops having the appearance and some of the durability of solid surface counter tops.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the sheet to be heated to a forming temperature without discoloring and without embrittlement preventing it from being cut to size without splintering its edges.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The heating element is a tube having an inlet and an outlet through which burning gas from a burner (40) is blown. The hot combusted gases are directed from the tube outlet to a reheating tube which directs them through chambers on the support platform. The amount of gas passing through the reheating tube can be changed by adjusting an exhaust valve at the heating tube outlet. The distance between the heating element and the platform can be adjusted.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the heater.    frame (2)    support platform (8)    radiant heating element (20)    heating area (35)    burner (40)    acrylic sheet. (100)
NOVELTY - An opening (6) corresponding to the site for a sealing is formed on bare chips (2a-2c) placed on a circuit board (1). A permeable masking material (5) along with a top transparent film coating (4) covers the chips leaving the opening. Optical cured resin (3) is filled in the sealing site. Light of specific wavelength hardens the cured resin which seals the component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transparent masking material (5) is detached from the sealed component. By using a squeegee (10), specific amount of the optical cured resin is supplied to the opening from the surface of the transparent film coating. The mask is provided with windows (9) to guide optical diffusion at the bottom surface of the component. An optical diffused reflective film is formed between the top boundary surface of an reflective film (8) and the mask. The opening is tapered (7) along the mask thickness direction.    USE - USE For sealing optical semiconductor chip.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE By this method, the stability of the resin sealing shape and mass production of the resin sealing product is highly improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the resin sealing method. (1) Circuit board; ; (2a-2c) Optical semiconductor bare chips; ; (3) Optical cured resin; ; (4) Transparent film coating; ; (5) Masking material; ; (6) Opening; ; (7) Taper; ; (8) Reflective film; ; (9) Window; ; (10) Squeegee.
A non aqueous secondary battery consists of: (a) an anode active material-contg. sheet; (b) a cathode active material-containing sheet using an oxide and/or a chalcogen cpd. contg. at least one atom selected from Sn, Al, B, P, Si, and Ge inserting and discharging lithium as its principal constituent; and (c) a lithium salt-containing non-aqueous electrolyte. The principal constituent component of the non-aqueous electrolyte consists of a macromolecular solid electrolyte containing; a polymer network formed by polymerizing a first monomer contg. a vinyl gp. and an oligo(oxyalkylene) gp. with a secondary monomer containing a polar gp. selected from a vinyl gp., a carbonate gp., and a cyano gp., and a third monomer contg. vinyl groups; at least one aprotic organic solvent; and a lithium salt.    ADVANTAGE -   The non-aqueous sec. battery has high capacity, an average discharge voltage of 3 V or more, and no liq. leakage.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon heating gas from a fuel gas cylinder (8) is supplied to a fuel battery (3) for electricity generation. Cooling water from cooling units (7,9) is made to circulate in the fuel battery and heat from the battery of the fuel gas cylinder is absorbed by heat exchangers (11,14).    USE -   Used in solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Temperature reduction of hydrocarbon heating gas in cylinder is suppressed and reduction of discharge pressure is prevented, hence predetermined discharge capacity is maintained. Electricity generation is stabilized as waste heat is effectively used. As exceptional heat retention units are avoided, size of system is reduced and cost is lowered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the internal block diagram of solid polymeric type fuel battery. (3) Fuel battery; (7,9) Cooling units; (8) Fuel gas cylinder; (11,14) Heat exchangers.
NOVELTY - An oxidizing agent gas passageway (31) and a fuel gas passageway are formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the separator board (30). The divided gas passageways (31a- 31c,32a-32c) are serially connected by the common flow paths (46- 49) which are provided in insulated boards (44,45) such that gas flows in divided passageways in forward direction.    USE -   For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the water droplet produced in the gas passageway is ejected out by strength and gas flow rate of gravity, electricity generation efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of separator board. (30) Separator board; (31) Gas passageway; (31a-31c,32a-32c) Divided gas passageways; (44,45) Insulated boards; (46-49) Flow paths.
NOVELTY - The organic electrolyte in the electrolysis cell is applied with direct current (DC) voltage of 1-2V, at less than 25 C.    USE -   For electrolyte used in non-aqueous batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The moisture content in the organic electrolyte is reduced to 20 ppm or less. Since a dehydrating agent is not used, the contamination can be avoided. The organic electrolyte is efficiently and economically dehydrated.
NOVELTY - The sealing gasket (40) to be interposed between armour can and sealing lid which is made of nylon and has rough surface. The unevenness (42) in the surface is coated with a sealing compound (43).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for airtight alkaline battery assembly method.    USE -   For sealing between metal armour can containing battery components such as positive and negative electrodes, electrolyte etc., and can lid whose edges are crimped, in batteries like nickel cadmium storage battery, nickel hydrogen storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables in applying sealing compound to surface of sealing gasket uniformly, air resistance of a sealing part is increased, excels in air resistance, generating of coating irregularity of sealing compound is prevented, processing of sealing gasket is simple and easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure depicts the sectional view and principal part of the sealing gasket. (40) Sealing gasket; (42) Unevenness; (43) Sealing compound.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte has a polyorganosiloxane type polymer which is impregnated with an organic electrolyte comprising lithium salt electrolyte. Polyorganosiloxane is obtained by polymerizing predetermined amount of monomers of specific composition, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and another copolymerizable monomer in presence of specific amount of organosiloxane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid polymer electrolyte comprises a lithium salt electrolyte containing organic electrolyte which is impregnated into a polyorganosiloxane type polymer. The polyorganosiloxane is obtained by polymerizing 99-10 weight parts (wt. pts) of monomer components in presence of 1-90 wt. pts of organosiloxane. The monomer components consist of: (a1) 10- 75 weight percent (wt.%) of alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers where the alkyl has 1-3C; (a2) 25-90 wt.% of alkyl (meth)acrylate where the alkyl has 1-4C; (b) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid; and (c) another copolymerizable monomer. The sum (a1)+(a 2)+(b)+(c)=100 wt.% and the sum organosiloxane+monomer components=100 wt. pts.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a lithium secondary battery which contains the polyorganosiloxane group polymer as a binder for the battery electrodes.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery (claimed) used in portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength in a large temperature range. The lithium secondary battery containing the solid polymer electrolyte is leak proof and has excellent cycle characteristic.
NOVELTY - The lithium secondary battery has polymer electrolyte as active material for occlusion and release of lithium ions. The polymer which is in solution state at high temperatures is filled in the gap between a positive and a negative electrode. The polymers solution cools to form a gel-like electrolyte.    USE - USE For camcorders, portable computers, portable telephones, audio players, electric vehicles, etc..    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Has excellent charging and discharging cycle characteristics with high energy density. Since a polymer gel electrolyte is used, the problem of liquid spill in the battery is avoided. Battery production is increased as the formation of positive and negative electrodes is carried out in one step and formation of polymer electrolyte is executed in another step.
NOVELTY - A solar collector has a one-piece, transparent, injection molded plastic housing with internal ribs.    USE - Especially for water heating and auxiliary heating.    ADVANTAGE - The design allows reduced cost mass production of solar collectors having increased efficiency, the price/power ratio being increased by a factor of two.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar collector has a one-piece, transparent, self-supporting, multifunctional, injection molded plastic housing with internal ribs which are used for reinforcement and heat loss reduction and on which are fastened an absorber, a back cover plate and optionally interposed heat insulation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a solar collector housing according to the invention.    Housing (a)    Ribs (f)    Heat insulation (i)    Back cover plate (j)    Absorber (k)
NOVELTY - The solar panel (12) has a gas tight body (16) enclosing a series of channels (20). A lens (14) at the top of the body focuses light onto the air within. The base (22) and sidewalls (24) refract the incident light. A pump draws air through the panel. An outer pane of glass protects the panel and foam strip provides insulation between the panel and its support frame.    USE - For collecting solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar collection efficiency is high because the lens focuses the light independent of the position of the sun relative to the panel and the refractive base and sidewalls increase the path length of the light through the air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a side view of the solar panel.    Solar panel (12)    Lens (14)    Gas tight body (16)    Channels (20)    Base (22)    Side walls (24)
NOVELTY - The lamination apparatus which heat-crimps the lamination component (105) with a diaphragm (106) is set as a composition moved by a conveyor (102) in a lamination process. Carrying-in and taking-out units (103,104) are provided to convey the lamination component into and from the lamination apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lamination component contains solar battery. A base material is provided in the lamination apparatus such that lamination component is supported to reduced pressure space existed between the base material and diaphragm. Heaters are provided to heat the lamination apparatus and the lamination component simultaneously. A cooling unit is provided to cool the lamination component. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the lamination method.    USE -   For mass production of lamination components such as solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   High production line of through-put is provided as the apparatus allows to produce laminated components in large quantities, efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of lamination apparatus. (102) Conveyor; ; (103,104) Carrying- in and taking-out units; ; (105) Lamination components; ; (106) Diaphragm.
NOVELTY - A cased electrochemical device in which the electrolytic solution is a quaternary salt of a compound having an alkyl-substituted amidine group and an organic solvent containing gamma-butyrolactone or propylene carbonate of which the case seal is a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene vulcanized by a peroxide    USE - The electrochemical device is used with electronic devices    ADVANTAGE - Excess hydroxide ions generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic solution are consumed in a reaction with the alkyl substituted amidine group of the quaternary salt which reduces deterioration of the seal by alkali attack. The rubber sealed vulcanized by alkyl phenol formalin resin has superior heat stability and alkali resistance and is hard enough to compress sufficiently the lead wires. Taken together the two aspects serve to reduce leakage of electrolyte from the device, particularly under conditions of high temperature and humidity    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrochemical device comprises a main body formed by rolling up an anode foil, a cathode foil both with attached lead wires and a separator and impregnated with an electrolytic solution; a tubular case for the main body and a seal with a through hole for a lead wire. The electrolytic solution comprises 5-100 pts. wt. of the quaternary salt to 100 pts. wt. of the organic solvent. At least a portion of the seal has a hardness of 75 International Rubber Hardness Degrees.
NOVELTY - A cased electrochemical device in which the electrolytic solution is a quaternary salt of a compound having an alkyl-substituted amidine group and an organic solvent containing gamma-butyrolactone or propylene carbonate of which the case seal is a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene vulcanized by an alkylphenol formalin resin.    USE - The electrochemical device is used with electronic devices    ADVANTAGE - Excess hydroxide ions generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic solution are consumed in a reaction with the alkyl substituted amidine group of the quaternary salt which reduces deterioration of the seal by alkali attack. The rubber sealed vulcanised by alkyl phenol formalin resin has superior heat stability and alkali resistance and is hard enough to compress sufficiently the lead wires. Taken together the two aspects serve to reduce leakage of electrolyte from the device, particularly under conditions of high temperature and humidity    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrochemical device comprises a main body formed by rolling up an anode foil, a cathode foil both with attached lead wires and a separator and impregnated with an electrolytic solution; a tubular case for the main body and a seal with a through hole for a lead wire. The electrolytic solution comprises 5-100 pts.wt. of the quaternary salt to 100 pts. wt. of the organic solvent. At least a portion of the seal has a hardness of 75 International Rubber Hardness Degrees.
NOVELTY - A vehicle sun-roof solar panel has an adhesive joint between a plastic-framed transparent cover pane (1) and an interior panel edge sheet (3).    USE - As a vehicle sun-roof solar panel.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive bonded joint avoids contact between the interior edge sheet and the solar cell assembly and facilitates manufacture of the panel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar panel of an openable vehicle roof has a plastic-framed transparent cover pane (1), an interior panel edge sheet (3) and a solar cell assembly (9) extending on the pane interior side to near the pane edges, the novelty being that the interior edge sheet is fixed by adhesive to the combination of the cover pane (1) and the plastic frame (2). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing the above solar panel. Preferred Features: The plastic frame (2) may have cavities for holding electronic components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the edge region of a solar roof panel according to the invention.    Cover pane (1)    Plastic frame (2)    Interior edge sheet (3)    Solar cell assembly (9)
NOVELTY - The hybrid collector (1) is a compact laminated body (2) comprising transparent covering (8), moisture barrier (9) and solar cells (3). Adhesive plastic layers (10, 16) are included in the construction, sandwiched (a) by coverings (8, 9) and cells; also (b) by an electrically-insulating plastic layer (14) and the fluid system (4).    USE - To recover solar energy as both heat and electricity, e.g. for domestic application.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly promotes good thermal coupling between cells and fluid system, whilst providing electrical insulation between them. The plastics or glass used, are highly transparent to incident solar radiation, whilst maintaining moisture proof encapsulation of the cells. Suitable proprietary materials are suggested.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The solar collector is presented in perspective, sectioned to reveal the layers of the construction.    hybrid collector (1)    compact laminated body (2)    solar cells (3)    fluid system (4)    transparent covering (8)    moisture barrier (9)    adhesive plastic layers (10, 16)    electrically-insulating plastic layer (14)
NOVELTY - Battery contains a filler in the electrodes, separators and/or adhesive resin layers.    USE - The batteries are used as the secondary batteries for mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is thin and lightweight, with improved battery performance and adhesive strength. There is no need for using an armor can.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Battery comprises positive and negative electrodes and separators bonded to each other by an adhesive resin layer at least one of which contains a filler.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A diagram showing the volume ratio of adhesive resin layers in the battery.    Volume of pore formed by filler (a)    Volume of pore (b)    Volume of adhesive resin (c)    Volume of filler (d)    Volume of adhesive layer (e)
NOVELTY - Plasma etching using a first fluorocarbon etchant gas composition is used to partially etch a silicon-containing dielectric layer through a hard mask layer, followed by plasma etching using a second fluorocarbon etchant gas to etch the partially etched dielectric layer. The first etchant gas forms a fluorocarbon polymer layer on at least the hard mask layer.    USE - Used in the fabrication of integrated circuit, solar cell, ceramic substrate and flat panel display microelectronics fabrication (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The patterned silicon-containing dielectric layer is formed with an improved etch rate and improved sidewall profile compared to a patterned layer formed without the first plasma etch (claimed). Since it is the order of the etching methods that is new, this fabrication process can be readily incorporated into present production cycles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show two stages in the fabrication process.    partially etched dielectric layer (12')    patterned dielectric layers (12a,b)    hard mask layers (14a,b)    fluorocarbon polymer layer (17)    plasma (16,18)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises an electrode assembly (110) to which is mounted a cell assembly forming an anode and at least one cathode channel, with a flow facilitator filament (102) located within the cathode channel.    USE - As fuel cells (claimed) for, e.g., portable power systems    ADVANTAGE - Cell operation is improved by reducing channel blockage, removing excess condensed liquid, increasing oxidant residence time and maintaining humidity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a fuel cell stack comprising many bipolar plates and electrode assemblies including an anode layer on one side of each assembly and at least one cathode channel on the other side containing the facilitator and    (b) a method of making the stack above comprising weaving the facilitator filament between and within each cathode channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A view of a bipolar plate in the cell stack is shown.    Flow facilitating filament (102)    Assembly (110)    Cathode channel (116
NOVELTY - The gel-like particle consists of polyamide group elastomer and solvent with a particle size of 0.05-100 m.    USE -   Used as binder for batteries, adhesive, coating agent and raw material for film.    ADVANTAGE -   The gel-like particle excels in workability, transparency, flexibility and decoration property. The transparency and decoration property of the film is obtained by changing drying conditions.
NOVELTY - A molded heat pipe (10) which is bonded by lamination sheets of fuel battery to form alternate cooling medium flow path. The molded heat pipe is larger than the lamination surface area of the fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel battery (30) has a solid polymer electrolyte film sheet (1) and two or more lamination sheet having a separator (6) for oxidizing agent gas and a heating gas separator (5). The oxidizing agent gas separator has an oxidizing agent gas passageway (7). On one side of the oxidizing agent gas passage way a fuel electrode film (2) and an oxidizing agent electrode film (3) are formed.    USE -   In laminated fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintenance controller for cooling is not needed and therefore size and cost reduction of fuel battery is attained. Efficiency of electric generation is increased by shortening the startup time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structural composition of a fuel battery. (1) Solid polymer electrolyte film sheet; (2) Fuel electrode film; (3) Oxidizing agent electrode film; (5) Separator; (6) Separator; (7) Oxidizing agent gas passageway; (10) Molded heat pipe; (30) Fuel battery.
NOVELTY - An electric cell in a sealed housing with a pressure relief valve (98) contains a gas-permeable but flame arresting catalyst container (40) which contains a catalyst (30) for converting hydrogen and oxygen generated in the cell to water.    USE - For standby valve-regulated lead-acid batteries (claimed) and other battery types.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of oxygen reaching the negative electrode, the loss of water and the float current needed for each cell are reduced and service life is prolonged.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electric cell comprises positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte in a sealed housing with a gas space and pressure relief valve (98) which allows gas to escape and prevents external oxygen from contacting the negative. A gas-permeable catalyst container (40) has flame-arresting material pores, is encased in a gas-permeable hydrophobic coating and contains a catalyst (30) for converting oxygen and hydrogen generated in the housing into water.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a device for recombining gases in a storage battery as above; and    (b) a vent assembly for sealing a VRLA battery cell comprising: a vent body, a pressure relief valve and a catalyst container as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the assembly is shown.    Relief valve (98)    Catalyst (30)    Catalyst container (40)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte composition comprises a major amount of lithium phthalocyanine and a minor amount of a polymer binder.    USE - Electrolyte for electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has improved operating characteristics e.g. better dimensional and thermal stability and lower susceptibility to degradation through corrosion/passivation reactions with lithium metal electrodes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrolyte composition comprising aligned and spaced lithium phthalocyanine rings, the alignment and spacing being achieved through the use of ladder-type, comb-like or crystalline polymers.
NOVELTY - A sealing resin (15) is injected into the gap formed at the periphery of a solid state image pick-up (3) and circuit board (1). A specific portion of the sealing resin which tends to flow to the light receiving surface of the element is hardened by ultraviolet rays (12), and is then followed by actual hardening of the sealing resin by heat or ultraviolet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid state image pick-up (3) which has a bump electrode (4) is provided on one surface of a circuit board (1) which has an opening (1a) and a connection conductor (2) on the other surface. The light receiving surface (3a) which is aligned at the opening, is irradiated by ultraviolet rays (12).    USE -   In solid state image pick-up manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Since sealing resin is hardened at a particular point, contamination of light receiving surface of solid state image pick-up is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of solid state image pick-up manufacture. (1) Circuit board; (1a) Opening; (2) Connection conductor; (3) Solid state image pick-up; (3a) Light receiving surface; (4) Bump electrode; (12) Ultraviolet ray; (15) Sealing resin.
NOVELTY - The secondary battery includes electrode object (20) which is a laminated structure consisting of negative electrode (1), positive electrode (2) and separator (3). The electrode object is placed in the battery case (11). An elastic material (13) in shape of flat bowl is placed between the electrode object and the inner wall of the battery case.    USE -   Used in electronic machines such as lap-top computer, cellular horn, video and audio apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   An initial capacitance and cyclic characteristic of electrolyte secondary battery is improved by the elastic material placed between electrode object and inner wall of battery case.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of organic electrolyte secondary battery. (1) Negative electrode; (2) Positive electrode; (3) Separator; (11) Battery case; (13) Elastic material; (20) Electrode object.
NOVELTY - The polymer battery consists of sheet-like positive electrode (1) and negative electrode (2) with gel-like electrolyte sheet (3). The electrolyte sheet is made of gaseous phase surface treated porous polyolefin sheet as core material.    USE -   In e.g. polymer secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Productivity are high and has excellent cyclic properties. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of polymer secondary battery. (1) Sheet-like positive electrode; (2) Negative electrode; (3) Gel-like electrolyte sheet.
NOVELTY - The porous sheet of the gel type electrolyte (3) is filled with a fibrous inorganic substance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer battery consists of a sheet like anode (1) and cathode (2) and a gel type electrolyte (3).    USE -   For polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By including an inorganic substance, the gel type electrolyte is strengthened. The polymer battery has high volume density and capacitive density. The productivity at the time of battery manufacture is increased and handling is also simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of polymer battery. (1) Anode; (2) Cathode; (3) Gel type electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte containing component which is polymerised by heat to form gel-like electrolyte is impregnated in gap between rear collector objects of anode and cathode are post heated.    USE -   For forming electricity generation element in lithium secondary battery used in camcorder, audio apparatus, portable computer, portable telephone, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates to obtain battery that excels in life cycle characteristics using simple technique. Suppresses spilling of electrolyte, since gel-like electrolyte is used. Improves productivity since gel-like electrolyte formation and anode, cathode post heating are carried out in two steps.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte of battery comprises a polymer containing 0.1-50 wt% of polyalkylene oxide. The polyalkylene oxide has a number average molecular weight of 50000 to 9000000.    USE -   In portable electronic machines like camera, audio apparatus, computer, telephone, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The usage of polymer electrolyte offers lithium secondary battery of excellent capacitance, charging- discharging cycle characteristics and current density dependence.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte is formed by heat hardening a pre-gel solution containing a polymerisable compound, an electrolyte and a specific initiator accommodated in an outer cladding object (3).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte is formed by heat hardening a pre-gel solution containing a polymerisable compound, an electrolyte and an initiator, selected from 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butylperoxy neodecanoate, t-butylperoxy neodecanoate, t- hexylperoxy pivalate, t-hexylperoxy 2-ethyl hexanoate, t-hexylperoxy isopropyl monocarbonate, t-hexylperoxy benzoate or t-hexylperoxy neodecanoate, accommodated in an outer cladding object (3).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a gel-like solid polymer electrolyte. A porous membrane is interposed between the electrodes placed in the outer cladding object. Subsequently, the pre-gel solution is injected inside the outer cladding object and gelled.    USE -   For batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The gel-like solid polymer electrolyte is highly efficient and has good discharge capacitance. Deterioration of cyclic characteristic is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a front elevation of the battery comprising a flat aluminium laminated material containing the gel-like solid polymer electrolyte. (1) Anode collector; (2) Cathode collector; (3) Outer cladding object.
NOVELTY - The gel-like electrolytes (15,16) contain polymer, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt. The polymer is selected from one among acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having a monomer component. The non-aqueous solvent contains propylene carbonate, in which some hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms.    USE -   For lithium cells used in portable electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE -   Excellent fire retardancy is obtained without reduction in decomposition. Excels in safety as chances of leak and ignition are reduced even during fire accident. A high charging and discharging efficiency is obtained even when graphite is used as negative electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional diagram of the battery. (15,16) Gel-like electrolytes.
NOVELTY - The negative and positive electrode active materials (2,6) are respectively placed on negative and positive electrode collectors (1,7). The circumference portion of the positive and the negative electrodes are joined with a binding material (4). A separator (3) is placed between the positive and negative electrodes.    USE -   Used with paper, film and cloth for various purpose.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has excellent safety and handling property, since battery with strong bending and twisting property is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of flexible thin battery. (1,7) Electrode collectors; (2,6) Negative and positive electrode active materials; (3) Separator; (4) Binding material.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte contains cross-linked acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer ethylene carbonate, chain like carbonate and alkali metal salt.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the non-aqueous battery which constitutes solid polymer electrolyte.    USE -   For electronic machines such as portable telephone, video camera, personal computers.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has good mechanical strength, ion electric conductivity and good charging, discharge cycle characteristics.
NOVELTY - Between the surface (1a) of battery (1) and lead material (2), an organic insulation skin layer (6) such as silicon oil skin layer is provided and are welded by parallel type resistance welding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of welded construction object.    USE -   For batteries used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Has high welding strength that provides large industrial application. Since organic insulation layer is present, rupture is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partially notched sectional drawing of welded construction object. (1) Battery; (1a) Surface of battery; (2) Lead material; (6) Organic insulation skin layer.
An ion type lithium polymer sec. battery comprises:    (a) a positive electrode contg. a lithium-contg. oxide as an active material;    (b) a negative electrode contg. a carbon material capable of electro-chemically absorbing and releasing lithium; and    (c) a separator for holding a gel macromolecular electrolyte. The gel macromolecular electrolyte is formed by gelatinizing a polyvinylidene fluoride resin in an organic soln. formed by dissolving at least one lithium salt in a mixed organic solvent contg. 4-trifluoromethyl ethylene carbonate, 25-65 wt.%, of formula (1) and dimethyl carbonate as its principal constituents.    ADVANTAGE -   The ion type lithium polymer sec. battery has less inflammability, and enables immediate extinction even if the ion type lithium polymer sec. battery has inflammation. The ion type lithium polymer sec. battery has discharge capacity equal to that of a liq. ion type lithium sec. battery under comparatively high discharge conditions, about 0.2 CA capacity.
NOVELTY - Positive and negative electrodes include a polymer for fixing the positive and negative electrode active materials performing the occlusion release of the lithium ion. The electrolyte contains a gel polymer for fixing the electrolyte layer.    USE -   For camcorder, audio apparatus, portable computer and portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in cycle characteristic and in high energy density. Achieves cost reduction by improving productivity. Suppresses problems such as liquid spill by using gel electrolyte. Improves battery characteristic and prevents deterioration of positive and negative electrodes by raising mechanical strength of positive and negative electrodes.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte consists of copolymer that includes poly vinylidene fluoride or vinylidene fluoride and resin. The X-ray diffraction pattern using CuK alpha line is used to detect the characteristics of electrolyte. The diffraction strength of resin and solid polymer electrolyte is maximum when the diffraction angle is 17-19 and 19.5-21, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte manufacturing method.    USE -   For polymer battery, lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in workability. Solid polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and sufficient dynamic strength. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows X-ray diffraction pattern of electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Discharge is performed in electrolyte containing any one of the derivatives of polysaccharides or chelating agent or sulfuric acid hydrazine. The discharge is carried out after charging. Open circuit is carried out in the dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte.    USE -   For manufacturing lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The life of battery is enhanced enormously, since discharge is carried out during manufacturing. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model sectional drawing of lead storage battery.
A fluorine-based macromolecule is reinforced by a fibre to which surface treatment using a silane coupling agent is applied. A hydrocarbon-based macromolecule is graft-polymerised with the fluorine-based macromolecule. A sulphonic acid group is introduced into the resulting graft copolymer to obtain a macromolecular electrolytic film for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The needle fibre used for reinforcement is anchored and stuck to the film. The needle fibre has no elimination, evolving no decrease in mechanical strength. The fluorine-based macromolecule has thermoplasticity. The result produces the film having any film thickness.
NOVELTY - The precursor of perfluoro carbon sulfonic acid polymer having functional group SO2F is melted following which annealing is performed for fixed time of 0.1 hour at 100-250 C. Hydrolysis is then performed to convert the perfluoro carbon sulfonic acid film into acid type.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion-exchange membrane which is the so formed perfluoro carbon sulfonic acid film is interposed between gas diffusion electrodes manufactured from catalytic layers and laminated.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    USE -   For manufacturing solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery used as power source in portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The degree of crystallinity of the polymer film is increased due to annealing hence it excels in film strength and durability.
NOVELTY - The carbon material for secondary battery has parallel layers (2) of amorphous structure (3) on its surface (1).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of carbon material which involves dissolving composite pitch resin in pitch soluble resin. The mixture is ground, heated to a temperature between thermolysis initiation and thermolysis completion followed by further heating.    USE -   For secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The carbon material for secondary batteries of small irreversible capacitance is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a model drawing showing the structure of carbon material. (1) Carbon surface; ; (2) Layer structure; ; (3) Amorphous structure.
NOVELTY - The anode and cathode (1,2) are arranged in respective cases (4,5) and are mutually separated by a separator (7). The anode releases lithium ions. Electrolyte (3) comprising an aqueous silane group emulsion containing aqueous silane group polymer resin and alkoxy silyl group causes released lithium ions to move between the anode and cathode.    USE -   For a lithium secondary battery used in a notebook computer, portable apparatus or motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has good load characteristics and output density characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the lithium secondary battery. (1) Anode; (2) Cathode; (3) Electrolyte; (4) Anode case; (5) Cathode case; (7) Separator.
NOVELTY - Facade and roof absorber elements for utilizing solar energy while simultaneously providing heat and sound insulation, comprises EPS/XPS hard foam boards with depressions for accommodating pipes, which are attached to hard foam thermal insulation on the facade or roof. Plastic pipes are placed in the depressions and then the roof or facade surfaces are covered and provided with a coating or other form of weather protection.    USE - The arrangement is used as a facade or roof absorber element for utilizing solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - The elements can easily be applied over large surfaces.
NOVELTY - A solar cell (I) comprises a donor/acceptor composite (II) disposed between a first electrode (III) that is at least partially transparent to light and a second electrode (IV). The composite (II) comprises a light absorbing polymer that absorbs light to become an electron donor and carbon particles that function as an electron acceptor having an average diameter of 5-100 nm.    USE - The solar cell (I) is useful for the generation of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell (I) is fabricated from convenient and relatively inexpensive material and has improved electrical capacity per unit area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (B1) a monofunctional material (i) a method of forming (I) by placing (II) between (III) and (IV) (ii) a method of generating electricity by exposing (I) to light.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing depicts a perspective view of a solar cell.    solar cell (100)    electron donor layer (102)    electron acceptor layer (104)    electron accepting particles (106)    binder (108)    electrode (110)    transparent electrode (112)    inert transparent layer (114)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte is prepared by impregnating a non-aqueous electrolyte with a vinylidene-based copolymer comprising 35-99 mol.% repeating units derived from vinylidene fluoride, 1-50 mol.% repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, and 0-10 mol.% a monomer copolymerizable with them, which has a melting point of not less than 80degreesC and crystallinity of 20-80degreesC.    USE - The polymer electrolyte can be used to produce lithium-based secondary cells (claimed) for application to audio tape recorders, camcorders, PCs, mobile phones and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte has superior film strength, heat resistance and retention of non-aqueous electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte is prepared by impregnating a non-aqueous electrolyte with a vinylidene-based copolymer comprising 35-99 mol.% repeating units derived from vinylidene fluoride, 1-50 mol.% repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, and 0-10 mol.% a monomer copolymerizable with them, which has a melting point of not less than 80degreesC and crystallinity of 20-80%. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a similar polymer electrolyte in which the copolymer comprises 75-95 mol.% repeating units derived from vinylidene fluoride, 5-25 mol.% repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and 0-10 mol.% a copolymerizable monomer, which has a melting point of not less than 100degreesC and crystallinity of 20-50%.
NOVELTY - The method uses a coextrusion assembly (10), deposited between two electrode sheets (15,16).    USE - Used in electrochemical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency is improved by increasing productivity and the speed of the manufacturing process, thus reducing the production costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Continuous manufacture of laminated electrolyte uses a coextrusion assembly (10) which forms a tri-layer electrolyte catalyst extrusion which is deposited between two electrode sheets (15, 16) supplied from rolls (15a, 16a). The assembly has three intakes for catalyst and electrolyte materials which may be granular to paste. The tri-layer extrusion is deposited between the electrode sheets, while the anode and cathode catalyst layers are still soft. The tri-layer extrusion with electrode sheets is then supplied to the laminator (17) which continuously laminates the extrusion forming a continuous laminated assembly sheet (18) which rolled onto the roller (19).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the manufacture of a laminated assembly.    Coextrusion assembly (10)    Electrode sheets (1516)    Sheet rolls (15a, 16a)    Laminator (17)    Laminated sheet (18)    Storage roller (19)
NOVELTY - A thermally activated battery comprises a cathode, a thermally activated electrolyte and a combined anode and heat source.    USE - In e.g. missiles, torpedoes, emergency power units etc.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is low cost, small and light weight and the heat source is capable of providing a fast-start reaction with minimal pressure rise and high heat content at predictable temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The combined anode and heat source is formed of one of lithium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, in combination with a fluorinated substituted hydrocarbon, preferably in alternating layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a thermally activated battery of the invention    Stack of thermally activated cells (12)    Electrically fired squib igniter (30)    Ignition terminals (34)    Fire hole for propagating a flame to activate heat sources in the stack (28)
NOVELTY - Organic resin substrate (5) is stacked with layers of aluminum film (10) of excellent light reflection property, barrier layer (11) of stainless steel, photo-electric conversion layer (12) and transparent electrode (13). Organic resin substrate consists of material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulphone, polyimide and aramid.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Photo-electric conversion efficiency is improved by using aluminum film as it reflects back the outgoing light to photoconversion layer for conversion into electricity which would have been wasted otherwise. Excellent light reflection property is obtained with aluminum film due to absence of uneven shape which would have otherwise absorbed some portion of light. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of solar battery using aluminum film which has texture structure. (5) Organic resin substrate; (10) Aluminum film; (11) Barrier layer; (12) Photo-electric conversion layer; (13) Transparent electrode.
NOVELTY - A catalyst layer (2) and a water repellent PTFE film (30) covers the collector (1). The length (L0 ) of catalyst layer is set so that it is not concealed by sealing boards (4,5) which cover upto length (L2 ). The length (L1 ) of water repellent film is less than or equal to (3L0 +L2)/4.    USE -   For tubular air battery e.g coin type battery used in hearing aids and pagers.    ADVANTAGE -   The thickness of opening of air pole is less than the centre section caulking.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of air pole. (1) Collector; (2) Catalyst layer; (4,5) Sealing boards; (30) PTFE film.
NOVELTY - A proton conductivity polymer having melting point greater than 40 degrees C is contained in the gel-like electrolyte layer (2).    USE - USE For polymer secondary battery used in portable computer.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Discharge capacity maintenance factor is improved, by using proton conductive polymer. Battery cycle life is improved when it is used in either normal or high temperature environment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view of the polymer secondary battery. (2) Gel-like electrolyte layer.
NOVELTY - An adhesive for cells is for adhering active substance layers to collectors and then to a separator which holds an electrolytic solution for the cell, in which the adhesive comprises a solution of a polyvinyl alcohol in an organic solvent.    USE - The adhesive is used to fabricate cells (claimed), particularly the secondary type, for application in portable PCs, mobile phones, etc.    ADVANTAGE - With this adhesive, practical cells can be produced in reduced thickness, cheaply and efficiently, with reliability and high charge and discharge characteristics. Cells thus made also exhibit these properties as well, and are miniaturize, shapeable and obtained in lightweight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for making a cell by applying the adhesive to separator surfaces for fixing a pair of electrode-active substance-containing layers with the collectors already adhered, and removing at least some solvent to laminate the electrodes and separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Main cross-sectional view of a cell.    Positive electrode (1)    positive electrode current collector (2)    positive electrode-active material (3)    negative electrode (4)    negative electrode current collector (5)    negative electrode-active material (6)    separator (7)    adhesive layer (8)    electrode laminate (9)
NOVELTY - Water supply unit (60) humidifies the solid electrolyte film by supplying water to the oxidizing agent chamber (42) on the anode side and fuel chamber (40) on the cathode side (12). Water component supply unit is controlled based on the signal emitted from the control unit (62) and the moisture content on the film is adjusted.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Battery stack contains multiple lamination of cell unit (10) containing solid electrolyte film (32) between anode (34) and cathode (36).    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel battery used as portable power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents spilling up of water component inside battery stack hence increases output voltage. Since moisture content can be maintained, stability in temperature, resistance and voltage are obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows solid polymeric type fuel battery. (10) Cell unit; (12) Cathode side; (32) Solid electrolyte film; (34) Anode; (36) Cathode; (40) Fuel chamber; (42) Oxidizing agent chamber; (60) Water supply unit; (62) Control unit.
NOVELTY - When battery (10) is switched ON, controller (92) switches ON hydrogen gas supply to battery from cylinders (42) and opens outlet valve (80) in excess fuel discharge pipe (76) attached to anode side chamber (14) of the battery. When load on battery exceeds threshold value, outlet valve (82) of discharge pipe is also opened along with the outlet valve (80) by switch (84).    USE -   In solid polymer type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Removes excess unused fuel gas, during both high and low loading of the battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of excess fuel ejecting mechanism. (10) Fuel battery; (14) Anode side chamber; (42) Hydrogen cylinders; (76) Discharge pipe; (80,82) Outlet valves; (84) Electromagnetic switch.
NOVELTY - The alkali electrolyte absorption layer has water absorbing material of 50-5000 wt% in one side of the water repellent plastic film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the liquid spill prevention method.    USE -   For alkaline cells for video camera, head phone stereo.    ADVANTAGE -   By providing the alkali electrolyte absorption layer, the transudation of the electrolyte is prevented and safety is secured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the alkaline cell.
NOVELTY - A hybrid polymer electrolyte containing organic solvent in which alkali metal salt is dissolved, is impregnated into blow holes of a copolymer matrix. The copolymer matrix consists of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of hybrid polymer electrolyte. The alkali metal salt and organic solvent are dissolved in tetrahydro furan. Then copolymer of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride are mixed in to the above solution. The solution is applied on a substrate and the tetrahydro furan solvent is evaporated to form hybrid polymer electrolyte film.    USE -   For manufacture of lithium cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and stability. The lithium cell has charging discharging voltage of nearly 4 V.
NOVELTY - Green metallic fiber consists of a metal powder of particle diameter 20 m or less and specific surface area 0.5 m2/g or more and an organic binder containing 10-40 weight% (wt. %) thermoplastic resin and 10-50 wt. % plasticizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The green metallic fiber consists of a metal powder and organic binder (containing 10-40 weight %) thermoplastic resin and 10-50 wt. % plasticizer). The resin and the organic binder are mixed and extruded to obtain the green metallic fiber. The organic binder is removed after spinning the extruded fiber which is then sintered to obtain porous metallic fiber.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of fiber containing metal powder. The melt comprising the plasticizer is extruded at a multiplying factor of 2-40 increment to obtain the fiber which is then spun.    USE -   For use in electronic circuit board, battery etc.    ADVANTAGE -   A very thin and short metal fiber of specific length is obtained.
A new polymer gel electrolyte consists of a matrix polymer and an electrolyte soln. dissolving ionic cpds. in a non-aqueous organic solvent. The matrix polymer consists of vinylidene fluoride polymer in which (1) a compound having at least two polymerising groups and (2) a compound having polymerising groups and amide groups. are dispersed and polymerised.    A new rechargeable battery is also claimed, which comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and the new polymer gel electrolyte.    USE -   For rechargeable lithium batteries, esp., lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Rechargeable lithium batteries with improved output and safety can be provided.
NOVELTY - The lithium cell includes a solid polymer or polymeric gel as electrolyte (3) which is formed by radical polymerisation using ionizing radiation. The cell consists of an electricity generating component. A thermal polymerisation initiator is contained in the electrolyte. Heat processing is performed at 40-100 degrees C. The polymerisable functional group present in the polymeric precursor of the solid polymer or polymeric gel electrolyte formed during radical polymerisation is acryloyl.    USE - USE For portable telephone, personal handy systems (PHS), and personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Thermal polymerisation of the unreacted monomers occurs as a polymerisation initiator is incorporated. Unevenness during charging and discharging is reduced. Deterioration of the battery is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the battery. (3) Electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte dissolved with organic solvent is made to contact an anion exchange resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for acid impurity removal device from electrolyte of lithium cells.    USE -   For electrolyte in lithium cells.    ADVANTAGE -   There is no need to change the design of a battery or to add new component to remove free acid efficiently. Ion exchange resin can be used for several times and need not be removed from the solvent.
A new rechargeable battery with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. A hydrazine derivative of R11R12N-NR13R14 (I) is contained in the battery; R11, R12, R13 = alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, acyl, oxycarbonyl, or sulfonyl group; R14 = acyl, oxycarbonyl, or sulfonyl group.    USE -   As a power source for video cameras, compact cameras, notebook computers or word processors, cellular phones, electric tools, or cars.    ADVANTAGE -   The new battery has improved charge-discharge cycle file and higher safety.
A non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent and a lithium cpd. serving as an electrolyte. A silicone-based antifoaming agent is added to the non-aqueous electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   The use of the silicone-based antifoaming agent depresses the development of a gas caused by decomposing the non-aqueous electrolyte in charge and discharge, enhances discharge capacity, and improves impedance characteristics. The lithium compound yields the electrolyte useful for the lithium secondary battery.
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric type fuel battery contains battery stack (12) which contains fuel gas passageway (14) and oxidizing agent passageway (16) on both sides and water from water route (18) is supplied through communication line (20) which is controlled by a switch (22). This switch also controls the fuel gas simultaneously. Water is circulated for cooling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery initializing process.    USE -   Used for raising the temperature at the time of starting.    ADVANTAGE -   Stability of battery output is attained. Carbon monoxide poisoning of platinum catalyst is not carried out. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid polymeric type fuel battery. (12) Battery stack; (14) Fuel gas passageway; (16) Oxidizing agent passageway; (18) Water route; (20) Communication line; (22) Switch.
NOVELTY - A fuel gas cylinder is installed inside a solid polymeric fuel battery. An air blower (42) which supplies oxidizing agents such as heating gas and air is installed in a case (3). An equalizing board (76) which uniformly rectifies the oxidizing agents is provided between the air blower and the battery case.    USE -   Used in solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Controls the amount of supply of oxidizing agent by the air blower. Improves electricity generation efficiency by the equalizing board. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective diagram of the case of fuel battery. (3) Battery case; (42) Air blower; (76) Equalizing board.
NOVELTY - Air blower (42) which supplies oxidizing agent to fuel battery casing (3), is arranged to agent reception side of casing. Air blower (72) supplies air to jet pipe (33) which is attached to agent output side of fuel battery casing.    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Cools exhaust gases from the battery, thereby carrying condensed moisture in the air jet from the air blower. As enough ventilation is provided, explosion in case of hydrogen leakage is avoided. Reduces hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas by mixing with air, to level lesser than explosion limits, thereby improving safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of fuel battery. (3) Fuel battery casing; (33) Jet pipe; (42,72) Air blowers.
NOVELTY - The base plate includes 10-95 wt% of carbon fibers having diameter of 0.5-3 m and another carbon fiber of 1-4 m. Organic fibers of 5-90 wt% whose carbon yield is 30 wt% is also included in the composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Carbon fiber of 20-50 wt% and 0.5-3 m diameter is contained in the base plate. A phenol resin of 15-50 wt% whose carbon yield is 40-75 wt% is used as binder. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for porous charcoal base plate manufacturing method.    USE -   For phosphoric acid, solid polymer fuel type batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Internal resistance is reduced and hence conductivity is increased by increasing the number of contacts of carbon fiber. Gas permeability is improved by controlling the diameter of the mean flow hole to a low value. Heat loss is reduced by reducing the contact resistance. Improves qualities such as electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, contact resistance by uniformly distributing carbon fibers.
NOVELTY - The complex metal oxide particle is synthesized by precipitation technique in which water soluble polymer is dissolved in aqueous solution at a temperature range of 100-500 C. The complex metal oxide particle containing amorphous structure is obtained by heating the synthesized complex metal oxide particle.    USE -   For secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Secondary battery with excellent durability is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of battery.
A macromolecular solid electrolyte contains a crosslinking copolymer, a non-aqueous solvent, and an alkaline metal salt. The crosslinking copolymer is obtd. by crosslinking a copolymer compsn. and has a crosslinking density of 1.0 x 10-5 mol/cc or more, and a tensile elastic modulus based on JIS K 7127 of 0.1 kgf/cm2or more. The copolymer compsn. is formed by a 100 pts.wt.-copolymer (X) with a 0.1-10 pts.wt.-organic peroxide (Y). The copolymer (X) consists of: (a) a 5-70 wt.%-repeating unit derived from an aliphatic conjugate diene (monomer (A)); (b) a 30-95 wt.%-repeating unit derived from a polar cpd. (monomer (B)) of formula (I); and (c) a 0-65 wt.%-repeating unit derived from a copolymeric monomer (monomer (C)) selected from a cpd. having an unsatd. bond. Where, (a)+(b)+(c) = 100 wt.%. The non-aqueous solvent uses gamma-butyrolactone as its principal constituent.     CH2 =C(R1)-CN (I)     R1= a hydrogen atom, or 1-5C alkyl gp.    Also claimed is that a non-aqueous battery uses the macromolecular solid electrolyte.    USE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte is used in a lithium sec. battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte has superior shape retention and mechanical strength. The non-aqueous battery has superior discharge capacity retention (%).
A new polymer gel electrolyte consists of a matrix polymer and an electrolyte solution dissolving ionic cpds. in a non-aqueous organic solvent. The matrix polymer consists of a vinylidene fluoride polymer in which (1) a compound having at least two polymerizing gps. and (2) a cpd. having polymerizing gps. and carbonyl gps. are dispersed and polymerised. A new rechargeable battery is also claimed, which comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and the new polymer gel electrolyte.    USE -   For rechargeable lithium batteries, esp., lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Rechargeable lithium batteries with improved output and safety can be provided.
NOVELTY - A charge generating layer containing crystals of oxytitanium phthalocyanine pigment and a charge transporting layer are laminated on a support. The pigment has Bragg angle of 2 0.2 with copper K and X-ray diffraction at 90, 14.2, 23.9 and 27.1. The photoreceptor also contains a mixture of polyester resin and melamine which is crosslinked by heating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) an electrophotographic apparatus which contains an electrification unit, image exposure unit, image developer (5) and transfer unit (6); and (ii) a cartridge in which the electrification unit is selected from at least an image developer or a cleaner supported integrally and arranged detachably on the electrophotographic apparatus.    USE -   For solar batteries, sensors, colouring applications, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrophotographic photoreceptor is durable and is not affected by repeated use and environmental fluctuations. The photoreceptor has stable potential characteristics and high sensitivity in the longer wavelength region.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the electrophotography apparatus. (1) Electrophotographic photoreceptor; (5) Image development unit; (6) Transfer unit; (9) Cleaning unit; (11) Cartridge.
NOVELTY - The short and long edges of positive and negative plates (11,12) are interconnected by strips (24,25) made of a material whose conductivity is greater than that of the plates. The strips are made of copper, or a copper alloy such as brass, or aluminum or an aluminum alloy, covered in a lead sheath which may be covered in an acid resistant material such as epoxy resin.    USE - Particularly but not exclusively lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - The current carrying capacity of battery is increased. The lead sheath prevents acid corrosion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the perspective view of the interior of a lead acid battery.    Positive plates (11)    Negative plates (12)    Lead-sheathed strips (24,25)
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte comprises a vinylidene fluoride copolymer including 80-97 wt.% vinylidene fluoride, which has an intrinsic viscosity = 1.5-10 dl/g, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.    USE - Used in non-aqueous batteries (claimed), particularly lithium ion batteries for application in mobile phones, portable PCs and camcorders.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte can stably hold the non-aqueous electrolytic solution in a large amount and has good strength, stability, with miniaturisability and shapeability. It is also light weight.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross-sectional view of a laminate structure of a polymer electrolyte for non-aqueous batteries.    Polymer electrode (1)    Positive electrode (including current collector substrate and positive electrode mix layer (2)    Negative electrode (including current collector substrate and negative electrode mix layer (3)
NOVELTY - A low haze, speckle-free, oriented and heat-set polyester film comprises: (a) 2-20 ppm of calcined silicone particles, 100% of which have a particle size below 7 mum; and (b) 20-6,000 ppm of fumed silica agglomerates, 100% of which have a size below 1 mum.    USE - In solar window applications, optionally metallized or dye-coated to reduce light transmission.    ADVANTAGE - The polyester has good slip properties and decreased haze and speckle, i.e. optical properties required for solar window applications. The additives have refractive indices close to that of an oriented PET film containing no additives, providing a very clear product with minimum haze.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell containing an electrochemically reactive conductive salt and an ionically charged additive is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor with improved conductivity and active material utilisation.    USE - The electrochemical cell (I) is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The cell (I) has improved conductivity and active material utilisation at high discharge rates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical cell (I) comprises an anode, a solid cathode and an electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises an electrochemically reactive conductive salt, an organic liquid phase comprising organic compound(s) and less than 0.25 M of an ionically charged additive that is different to the electrochemically reactive conductive salt. The additive comprises a conductive salt that is not electrochemically reactive and which has a cation containing one or more nitrogen atoms, in a sufficient quantity to improve conductivity and maintain or improve percentage material utilisation of the cathode at increased discharge rates as compared to a cell using an electrolyte that does not contain the additive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a cell.    cell (1)    anode (2)    cathode (3)    electrolyte (4)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell or battery that has an electrolyte stabilized against decomposition during cyclic operation is provided by using a dialkyl carbonate of specific formula as the solvent.    USE - In electrochemical cells and batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Improved charging and discharging characteristics; large discharge capacity that is maintained over longer life cycle than conventional products; electrolytic solvent is stable with respect to carbonaceous and metal oxide electrode material and resistant to decomposition and resultant gas formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium ion battery consists of:    (a) a first electrode of carbonaceous material;    (b) a counter-electrode forming electrochemical couple with (a); and    (c) an electrolyte made up of a solute and a solvent comprising at least one carbonate of formula (I).    R', R'' = alkyl, provided at least one of them is branched.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for methods of reducing the decomposition of an organic solvent and for reducing the formation of gaseous constituents in an electrochemical cell by including in the electrolyte solvent an asymmetric linear carbonate having a branched alkyl group or a dialkyl carbonate having an amyl group, this carbonate having a lower gas formation rate during cell cycling than a symmetric linear dialkyl carbonate.
A polymer gel electrolyte comprising a matrix polymer and an electrolyte solution included therein, wherein the electrolyte solution comprises an ionic compound dissolved in a non-aqueous type organic solvent, and the matrix polymer comprises a vinylidene fluoride polymer wherein compound (1) and compound (2) are dispersed and polymerized to form a polymer network; compound (1): a compound having two or more polymerizing functional groups in one molecule, and compound (2): a compound having a polymerizing functional group and an oxyalkylene group.    USE -   The polymer gel electrolyte is useful for a secondary battery, particularly a lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGES -   The polymer gel electrolyte shows excellent mechanical characteristics and the polymer gel electrolyte can retain the electrolyte solution well at an elevated temperature.
NOVELTY - A composition for producing a polymer solid electrolyte, comprising an acrylic monomer, an ion dissociation agent, a curing agent and a lithium compound.    USE - USE The composition is useful for producing a polymer solid electrolyte which is useful for a polymer battery etc.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGES The composition of the present invention can provide a polymer solid electrolyte having high strength and high ion conductivity.
NOVELTY - A layer of fine titanium oxide particles (21) with silicon dioxide binder (22) is applied on the surface of a fluororesin film (1).    USE -   For protecting surface of a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electricity generation efficiency over a long period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of a surface protection film for solar battery. (1) Fluororesin film; (21) Titanium oxide particles; (22) Binder.
NOVELTY - A decorative tape (105) provided with organic polymeric resin layer (107) laid on both sides of colouring resin film (106), is formed over the metallic projection of a photovoltaic cell (101).    USE -   For covering projection of photovoltaic cell in solar battery module used for protection against global warming.    ADVANTAGE -   Since deterioration of transparent organic polymeric resin layer contacting metal projection of photovoltaic cell is prevented by providing decorative tape, scratch resistant property of the module is secured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic block diagram of solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (105) Decorative tape; (106) Colouring resin film; (107) Organic polymeric resin layer.
NOVELTY - A photocuring composition contains a multifunctional monomer and/or macromer having chain atomic number of 2-20. The photocuring composition is cured to form a film. An electronic circuit is covered by the film.    USE - USE The covered electronic circuit is used in electronic circuits connected to a battery, including a nonaqueous battery, or lithium/ion sec. battery.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE The photocuring composition has superior solvent resistance and adhesion to a substrate. Covering the electronic circuit with the film creates no trouble when an electrolyte is stuck to the electronic circuit, dramatically enhancing reliability. The battery is safely used.
NOVELTY - The composition includes crystalline polymer and metal carbide powder along with organic peroxide. The ratio of subsequent resistance factor of composition to the resistance factor at room temperature is set to 105or more.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method, which involves applying a pressure of 5kg (sic) for 30 minutes at 150 degreesC. This produces a thickness variation of less than 1.20.    USE -   For overcurrent protection in electronic device, lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Has low resistance at room temperature and high resistance value after switching. Thickness uniformity is improved.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte has polymeric matrix containing electrolyte salt like LiPF6 and specific flame retardant substance.    USE -   For solid polymer secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The ionic conductivity, solid strength and fire retardancy are improved by using flame retardant electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Lithium is occluded on a metallic oxide base to form a cathode (2). Carbonate or its polymer and phosphoric acid triester is contained in the organic electrolyte (4), which conducts lithium ions.    USE -   For power storage.    ADVANTAGE -   A secondary battery with large capacity is offered with improved safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional view of organic electrolyte secondary battery. (2) Negative electrode; (4) Organic electrolyte.
NOVELTY - At least one high molecular compound is distributed on an electrode dispersion or a polymeric sol solution, heated and then cooled. Part of the polymeric sol dissolves, and the gel is formed on an electrolyte.    USE -   For lithium battery used in portable telephone, PHS, personal computer.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has improved ionic conduction and discharge characteristics. Thermally stable shape of the battery is retained due to the presence of an acryloyl group.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of battery.
NOVELTY - The 3D network structure consisting of cells, is formed by metal foam. The metal packing density is varied in thickness direction. The mean length of the fins is set as 1-25% of radius of cell. The network structure is formed by two types of metallic layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for metallic porous substance manufacturing method.    USE -   For formation of filter, electrode substrate used in battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases surface area of metal cell film by forming fins. Enables efficient collection of power generated by active material in collector. Offers excellent operating characteristic in battery even at heavy current usage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of metal foam used as raw material.
NOVELTY - The battery-jar (1) and the battery-jar lid (2) of the lead storage battery are composed of polyphenylene ether group resin. The oxygen content at the surface parts of the battery-jar and battery-jar lid which are to be adhered with an epoxy resin is enhanced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the air-tight lead storage battery.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Leakage of electrolyte and deterioration of life-span of battery are prevented. Adhesion of the epoxy group resin is enhanced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the air-tight lead storage battery. (1) Battery-jar; ; (2) Battery-jar lid; ; (5) Negative electrode terminal; ; (11) Positive electrode terminal.
NOVELTY - Insulation (20) is fastened to building load bearers (10). The outer surface of the structure is ridged (22). A system of photovoltaic cells (30) is attached to the outer surface by holders (40).    USE - To clad a building, at the same time to install a photovoltaic solar energy collection system.    ADVANTAGE - It is costly and time-consuming to add photovoltaic solar converters to a roof, after construction. The new system is more economical and uses external ridges of the roofing material as convenient points of attachment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A roof is illustrated, part internally exposed, in perspective. The disclosure contains further drawings detailing the attachment system.    Building load bearers (10)    Insulation (20)    Ridges (22)    Photovoltaic cells (30)    Holders (40)
NOVELTY - Process comprises adhering an electrode and a separator using partially dried binder resin.    USE - Used in portable electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Battery has improved adhesion strength, high ionic conductivity, performance and miniaturisability. It is light weight, thin and easily shapeable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of lithium ion secondary battery comprises adhering an electrode and a separator using binder resin. The binder comprises a fluorine based resin or polyvinyl alcohol. The binder resin solution is applied to the separator and left standing until its fluidity is lowered and then the separator and electrode are fixed together by bonding and drying.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a similar method in which the positive and negative electrodes and the electrolyte retaining separator are bonded through layers of binder resin to give a lithium ion secondary battery with a multilayered electrode laminate by applying the binder resin solution to the separator first before lowering its fluidity and adhering the positive or negative electrode to the binder layer to form bond and drying.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross-sectional structure of a lithium ion secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Positive electrode current collector (2)    Positive electrode active material (3)    Negative electrode (4)    Negative electrode current collector (5)    Negative electrode active material (6)    Separator (7)    Adhesive layer (8)    Electrode laminate (9)    Battery casing (10)    Collector wires (11)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The device is preferably a solar cell module and comprises: a substrate; a filler; a photovoltaic element; and a protective layer. The photovoltaic element is separable from the substrate. Preferred methods for the separation include heating, heating and moistening, irradiating with an electron beam, and removing a layer with an acid, alkali or solvent. The device (solar cell module) preferably includes an exfoliating layer, which may be used as a backside or side-surface filler layer, to provide separation by one of the above methods. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: Methods for forming a semiconductor device or a solar cell module such that the semiconductor device or the photovoltaic element may be separated; Semiconductor devices and solar cell modules which are separable by the above methods; Methods for dismantling semiconductor devices and solar cell modules by the above methods.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a frost-protected cooling circuit which employs one or more greater than 3 carbon paraffins as coolant.    USE - As e.g. a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The coolant has excellent antifreeze properties, low viscosity, extremely low conductivity, low corrosivity, high chemical stability, high potential for lifetime filling, fuel cell compatibility, high flame point and good recyclability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The coolant comprises a mixture of 10-20 carbon isoparaffins with different branch structures or a pure paraffinic isomer mixture with a pour point of below -40degreesC and a boiling start of above 250degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell cooling circuit.    Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)    Coolant feed/return lines (2, 4)    Heat exchanger (3)
NOVELTY - A lithium ion secondary battery is a laminate of a plurality of layers of positive and negative electrodes bound to an electrolyte retaining separator together with adhesive layers containing a mixed phase of an electrolyte phase, electrolyte-containing polymer gel phase and polymer solid phase.    USE - The batteries can be used in portable gadgets such as portable PCs and mobile phones.    ADVANTAGE - Such batteries are compact, thin and stable, and have high charge and discharge efficiency, being lightweight, miniaturizable and shapeable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for manufacturing the battery by applying adhesive solutions of several polymer materials of different average molecular weights to the opposing surface of the separator, fixing positive and negative electrodes alternately on top of the resin layers to form a battery laminate, and impregnating with an electrolyte, during which the adhesive layer forms a mixed phase of an A lithium ion secondary battery is a laminate of a plurality of layers of positive and negative electrodes bound to an electrolyte retaining separator together with adhesive layers containing a mixed phase of an electrolyte phase, electrolyte-containing polymer gel phase and polymer solid phase.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross-sectional structure of a lithium ion secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1)    negative electrode (4)    separator (7)    binder layer (8)    laminate (12)
NOVELTY - The battery controller has temperature sensors and printed circuit resistive heating elements (26) on plastic sheets. A heating controller maintains each flat prismatic cell (22) at a predetermined temperature set in response to the power supplied to or from the battery, using a power mode controller (30) setting floating, charging and power supply temperatures. A voltage sensor detects damaged cells to be disconnected and a current sensor detects overcorrect.    USE - Metal and solid electrolyte battery power controller for uninterrupted power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains the battery at the appropriate temperature, monitors individual cells and detects failure conditions. Additionally the battery performance may be telecommunicated to a remote location.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the control system for the battery unit.    Cells (22)    Heating elements (26)    Controller. (30)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly isolator (406) is placed between solid electrolyte (306) and a flow field plate (200) to isolate part of this plate from the transverse electrochemical gradient and prevent mechanical and chemical deterioration and corrosion.    USE - In PEM fuel cells used for automotive, aerospace and industrial purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The material electrochemically isolates part of the flow field plate from the transverse electrochemical gradient so that mechanical/chemical deterioration of the electrolyte and corrosion of the field plate are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An isolator of a fuel cell assembly having a longitudinal axis with a flow field plate and a separated solid electrolyte across it. It comprises isolating material (406) between a section of the electrolyte (306) and an exterior face (202) of the plate (200), including an effective boundary between first and second parts. The first part includes a reactant fluid channel forming a transverse electrochemical gradient across the boundary and the isolator electrochemically isolates part of the second part from this gradient.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) An isolator as above, additionally comprising gasketing material;    (2) A method of isolating the electrochemical gradient above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cutaway section of fuel cell and isolators is shown.    Plate (200)    Solid electrolyte (306)    Isolator (406)
A new photo-electric transducing material contains a compound having a specific molecular structure of formula (1-I).    R1, R2 = H, hydoxy, or alkyl gp; R3, R4, R5 = H, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl gp.    USE -   For solar cells or photo-sensors.    ADVANTAGE -   The new material provides a higher photo-electric conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte contains polyamide and polyether block copolymer or polyester and polyether block copolymer in organic solvent in contact portion of separator.    USE -   For electrochemical element such as electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layered capacitor, battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents generation of failure by effusion of electrolyte. Prevents deterioration in characteristics of electrochemical elements by suppressing transpiration of sealing element of electrolyte. Uses density separator thereby reduces dielectric loss. Since gel-like electrolyte maintains space between electrodes even when thin separator is used, high voltage withstand characteristic is improved and size is reduced.
NOVELTY - Organic polymer is macromolecular with number of average molecular weight of 200000-5000000. Low molecular weight organic polymer with an average molecular weight of 10000-100000 is blended with macromolecular in ratio ranging from 100:10-100:65. The polymer blend and non-aqueous electrolytes are blended in the ratio of 10:1-10:19.    USE -   For polyelectrolyte for lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Easy charging and discharging characteristics and high volume are obtained.
A gel electrolyte is formed by depositing a nonaqueous electrolyte in a polymer. The polymer consists of a polyester amide having: (a) a m.pt. of 140 deg.C or more; (b) a crystal heat of fusion of 3 mJ/mg or more; and (c) a limiting viscosity (using an Ubbelohde viscometer, an orthochlorophenyl solution, and at 30 deg.C) in the range of 0.35-3 decilitres/g. Also claimed is that a battery has the gel electrolyte between a negative electrode and a positive electrode.    USE -   The gel electrolyte is used in the battery, including a lithium prim. battery, lithium sec. battery, lithium ion sec. battery, or in an electrochemical device, including an electrolytic capacitor (condenser), electrical double layer capacitor (condenser), or electrochromic.    ADVANTAGE -   The polyester amide has superior solvent resistance to an organic electrolyte, and appropriately expands the organic electrolyte, and exerts high ion conductivity, and mechanical strengths, including tensile strength. The resulting battery has no possibility of electrolyte leakage, and exerts high energy and high cycle characteristics.
(1) Polymer electrolyte (A) made by impregnating co-polymer elastomer (B) contg. fluorine with non aqueous electrolyte (C) and making them to form gel. (B)'s limiting viscosity ((eta)=ml/g) is 0.1-350. (2) (B) in (1) is the co-polymer elastomer (D) of vinylidene system made of 35-85 mol % of repetition unit derived from vinylidene fluoride (2F), 13-45 mol % of repetition unit derived from hexa-fluoro-propene (6F), and 0-35 mol % of repetition unit derived from tetrafluoro-ethylene (4F). (3) Limiting viscosity of (D) in (2) 100-350.    USE -   Used as the electrolyte of secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte made by this method is stable.
NOVELTY - A humidifier supplies water vapor or vapor to atleast one of the fuel feeding pipe (2) and the oxidizing agent feed pipe (3).    USE -   Used for solid state polymer electrolytic fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since water component is given to the electrolytic film, even when loading conditions vary, the operation can be optimized. The battery can be offered at minimized size, reduced weight and reduced cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the solid state polymer electrolytic fuel battery. (2) Fuel feeding pipe; (3) Oxidizing agent feed pipe.
NOVELTY - The structure is made with films of amorphous transparent plastic copolymers based on cycloolefins and ethylene.    USE - For heat insulation in facade cladding and in solar energy units.    ADVANTAGE - The plastic used absorbs little water, therefore eliminating the problem of condensation formation below the dew point and the structure is economic and simple to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is made for a method of manufacturing the heat insulating structure in which films (1) are folded and/or corrugated and flat films (2) are bonded or welded onto the peaks of the corrugations. The UV stabilized plastic film is preferably not more than 1mm thick, transmits at least 90% of light and has a refractive index of 1.45-1.6. The overall thickness of the insulating structure is not less than 40mm and the structure comprises alternate wave or V-shaped films (1) with flat films (2) between them in the absorbing direction. Alternatively the wave forms face each other and the wave peaks or the tips of angles of adjacent films contact each other. One or both ends of the structure may be closed by flat film. Hollow chambers (3) formed by the folded films are filled with air or inert gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the structure.    wave-shaped film (1)    flat film (2)    hollow chamber (3)
NOVELTY - A solar battery cell is firmly fixed between reinforced pane of glass and a bag film. The bag film is laminated via a sealing material by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with thickness of 0.02-0.2 mm.    USE -   For installing solar battery in roofing tile.    ADVANTAGE -   Generating of toxic gas during combustion is low. Deposition of dust by wind and rain is prevented, as roofing tile does not have high protrusion. Surface of solar battery is clean due to smooth flow of shower.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows roofing tile with solar battery.
A new binder resin for batteries is an aromatic polyimide which contains a specific repeating unit of formula (I) and has a water absorption of up to 1.0 %. R1 and R2 = organic gp. having two bonding hands.    Prodn. of the new binder resin is also claimed, where tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamines are reacted in a polar solvent, and the resultant polyamide acid is subjected to dehydrative ring closure reaction in a soln.    USE -   Used as a binder for batteries, especially rechargeable lithium battery electrodes including carbon negative electrode or double oxide positive electrodes.    ADVANTAGE -   The new binder provides good adhesion to battery active electrode material or current collector metal.
A solar cell module manufacturing method comprising: (i) placing a solar cell module main body (2) in a metallic mould (6) composed of an releasable front mould (61) and a rear mould (62) for forming a main body portion cavity (63) with shape equivalent to that of the solar cell module main body and sealing portion cavities (64) for forming sealing members (3) between the front and the rear moulds when the metallic mould is closed; and (ii) injecting a reactive sealing material obtained by mixing polyol and isocyanate in the metallic mould so as to seal peripheral portions of the solar cell module main body by the sealing material, where the polyol is polyether polyol and the isocyanate is methane-diphenyl isocyanate.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of cracks in a glass plate used in a solar cell module main body during a moulding process is prevented because viscosity of the sealing material is low and the sealing material is cured by heat with low temperature.
NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an electrochemical device (70) comprising the ceramic element and a second ceramic element adjacent to the first, which together form a pressure tight chamber via a seal (20); and    (2) a method of generating oxygen using the electrochemical device containing the electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a top perspective view of two molded elements formed into an electrochemical module assembly.    Electrochemical module (70);    Elements (10, 10');    Flange members joined to form seal (20, 20').
NOVELTY - The heating system, to heat fuel oil, has an electrical heater (6) in conductive contact with the oil flow channel.    USE - The system is for heating the fuel oil for an oil-burning heater system.    ADVANTAGE - The oil is heated consistently, in normal and startup operations, without overheating which could lead to carbonizing with subsequent filter blockages and damage to the oil injection jet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oil flow channel is a pipe (4), with a circular cross section, containing a longitudinal heat distribution element (7) shrouded by an outer heat distributor (5), which is heated through a thick layer resistance (6) forming the heater. The inner distributor (7) extends axially in the oil channel, over the outer heat distributor (5), as a porous ceramic unit or a foamed polymer or other suitable foamed material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a longitudinal section through the oil fuel heater.    Oil flow channel (4)    Outer heat distributor (5)    Thick layer resistance (6)    Inner heat distributor element (7)
NOVELTY - The material (30) comprises a layer of solar cells (32), a flexible substrate (34), a flexible electrically nonconductive adhesive (40) which connects the substrate (34) to the airship substrate (38). The shape and size of substrate (34) matches the airship gore. Electrically conductive conduits (46), preferably two, are disposed between the substrate (38) and flexible solar cell layer.    USE - For high altitude stratospheric vehicles, airships and platforms flexible energy producing covering, for operation at the threshold of space and in space.    ADVANTAGE - The operation life is increased and resistance to solar degradation is improved. The trapping of air bubbles between layers during bonding process is eliminated. Lightweight, durable, energy producing flexible covering is suitable for airship technology.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for making a flexible energy producing material. The material is produced by aligning a layer of flexible solar cells with a flexible substrate layer and adding a layer of nonconductive adhesive between them. The layers are then heated and pressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side elevation view of the flexible energy producing material.    Material (30)    Solar cells layer (32)    Flexible substrate (34)    Airship substrate (38)    Conducting conduit (46)
NOVELTY - A flexible solar battery (20) covered with resin film and provided on a hot plate (21), is heated to a temperature until the resin film is not melted. A soldering iron (11) with specific temperature is pressed into the portion of the resin film, where it is to be removed, and thus electrode surface of flexible solar battery is exposed.    USE - USE For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Electrode surface of flexible solar battery in predetermined portion, is exposed exactly and quickly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows explanatory view of exposure method. (11) Soldering iron; (20) Solar battery; (21) Hot plate.
NOVELTY - Polyurethane foam is pressed under heat to attain thickness of 4/5 - 1/10. Metal plating is carried out on the surface of the foam, which is then removed to form metal porous substance. The thickness and blow hole rate are 0.1-2 mm and 80- 98 %, respectively.    USE -   For secondary battery e.g. Ni-Cd battery, Ni-Zn battery, Ni-H battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Strength is sufficient and specific surface area is increased. Energy density and blow hole rate are high.
A new solid polymer electrolyte consists of a monomer unit of formula -CH2 -CH-CH2 -N+ -X Li- (I). X = electron withdrawing gp. including CF3 , SO2 CF3 , F, Cl, Br, I, SO3 CF3 , SO3 C2 F5 , SO3 CH3 or SO3 C2 H5.    USE -   Used for rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new solid polymer electrolyte has a higher ionic conductivity. Charges are transported only by lithium ion so that internal resistance caused by anion transport can be reduced.
A new polymer gel electrolyte contains a plasticizer and a matrix polymer which can disperse the plasticizer. The plasticizer contains carbonate cpds. of formula (I). X1 and X2 = halogen or H; R1 and R2 = CnX32n-m+1X4n or H; X3 = halogen; X4 = halogen or H; and all of X1, X2, R1 and R2 are not halogen.    A new battery using the new polymer gel electrolyte is also claimed which comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode and the new polymer gel electrolyte.    USE -   Used for lithium ion batteries. The batteries are used as a powder source for portable electric appliances including video tape recorders, cellular phones or handheld computers.    ADVANTAGE -   The new polymer gel electrolyte has an improved electrochemical stability providing batteries with a higher initial capacity and a higher charge-discharge efficiency.
NOVELTY - About 50 wt.% or more of the mixture of aprotic polarity organic solvent is impregnated into a resin molding. The organic solvent includes a mixture of polymer or copolymer selected among polyacrylonitrile, polyoxymethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylate, etc.    USE -   Used for polymer battery, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic solvent can carry out impregnation with sufficient high wet out rate even at low room temperature. The moisture absorption and wet out rate problems can be solved by solid polymer electrolyte precursor and polymer battery can be manufactured by simpler method.
NOVELTY - Aprotic polar compositions with solvent properties have a strongly polar amide group, and they are preferably combined with a salt soluble therein which has an anion with a delocalised charge, and a polymer to form an electrolytic composition.    USE - Used as electrolyte in lithium battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Compositions have increased degree of stability and high conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An aprotic polar composition with solvent properties has the general formula R1R2NX(Z)R7 (I);    X = C or SO;    Z = O, NSO2NR3R4, or NCN;    R1,R2 = 1-18C (oxy)alkyl, or (oxy)alkylene;    R3-R6 = 1-18C (oxy)alkyl;    R7 = Rf, Rf(CH2O)-, (Rf)2CHO-, (RfCH2)2N-, or NR5R6; and    Rf = F, or 1-4C alkyl, oxyalkyl, or azoalkyl with the restrictions that 1) if Z = O then Rf is not 1-4C alkyl; and 2) if Z = O and X = SO then Rf is neither 1-4C alkyl nor 1-4C oxyalkyl.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for an electrolyte in which the claimed composition is combined with a soluble salt and at least one polymer; and a lithium battery using the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The solar roof, in a car roof which can be opened, has a transparent cover plate (1) surrounded at least partially by a plastics frame (2). A gap (S) is left between the inner edge (7) of the inner cover plate (3) and the solar cell structure (9), so that the inner edge (7) is out of contact with the solar cell structure (9). The inner edge (7) follows the contour of the solar cell structure (9) at the overlapping zone.    USE - The system is for the solar panel in a vehicle roof which can be opened.    ADVANTAGE - The solar panel structure gives a trouble-free prodn, and it has a long life, without affecting the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partial cross section through the solar cover.    transparent cover plate (1)    frame (2)    inner cover plate (3)    inner edge (7)    solar cell structure (9)    gap (S)
NOVELTY - A thin lithium secondary cells comprises organic polymer - containing electrolyte in positive and negative electrode or / and separator, with sufficient level of ion conductivity, superior charging and discharging characteristics and cycle lifetime.    USE - The secondary cells can be used in mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Such secondary cells can maintain a sufficient level of ion conductivity for operation, and superior initial capacity, high-lead charging and discharging characteristics, and cycle lifetime.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin lithium secondary cell comprises positive or negative electrode or/and in between them that contain some of an electrolyte with a prescribed structure which is formed from an electrolytic solution and organic polymer. The polymer is prepared by polymerization of an organic monomer with a polymerizable functional group at the end, which comprises first and second chemical structures, the former being of either ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide structures while the latter being at least 1 selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, benzene skeleton, ether and ester groups.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of a thin lithium cell.    positive electrode (2)    positive electrode composite (21)    positive electrode current collector (22)    negative electrode (3)    negative electrode composite (31)    negative electrode current collector (32)    separator (1)    adhesive (4)
NOVELTY - A liquid fuel cell system (40) comprises a polymeric planar plate assembly (50,58) having a surface pressing against a membrane electrode assembly (56) with many conductive elements extending from the plate giving electrical communication through the plate, oxidant and liquid fuel supplies and an electrical load.    USE - As liquid (methanol) fuel cells for automobiles, lawn mowers portable power generators and the space shuttle    ADVANTAGE - The cell plates are lightweight, inexpensive and easy to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a plate assembly as above; and (b) a method of generating power using the fuel system above by operating in a way which uses the liquid fuel, not the planar plates, to conduct heat.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An exploded sketch of a fuel cell stack is shown.    Fuel cell (40)    End plate (50)    Membrane electrode assembly (56)    Biplate (58)
NOVELTY - A terminal (2) is provided on top of a battery unit. The terminal is provided on a terminal installation surface (3) made of resin that inclines downwards in a specific inclined state.    USE -   For vehicles, industrial use.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents leakage of electricity by maintaining the resin terminal installation surface in dry condition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the terminal installation unit for storage battery. (2) Terminal; (3) Terminal installation surface.
A binder composition for a battery contains a latex. The latex contains a polymer polymerised, using an acid monomer and has pH ranging from 4 to 10.    Also claimed are: (a) a slurry for a battery electrode contains the binder composition and an active material; (b) an electrode for a lithium secondary battery using the slurry; (c) a lithium secondary battery using the electrode.    Preferably the acid monomer consists of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid-based monomer. In the latex, the Ph is adjusted to 4 to 10 by adding at least one compound selected from alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, ammonia, and organic amines to the latex.    ADVANTAGE -   The use of the binder composition for producing the electrode yields the lithium secondary battery having balanced binding and binding retention, and superior battery characteristics.
NOVELTY - The positive and negative electrodes have respective active material layers containing a mixture of conductive carbon material (7) and a polyvinylidene fluoride.    USE -   For lithium polymer battery used in portable telephone, notebook PC.    ADVANTAGE -   Electric contact between electrodes and their active material layers is improved, hence adhesion of active material layers with respective electrodes is also improved. Even when amount of polymers in active material layer is reduced, a favourable battery characteristic is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional model of collector of organic electrolyte battery. (7) Conductive carbon material.
NOVELTY - The cylindrical positive electrode jar (1) which accommodates anode and cathode (2,3), is casted from steel sheet (1a). An insulating resin layer (1c) is formed on the peripheral surface of the steel sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery manufacturing method.    USE -   For cylindrical alkaline manganese dioxide battery, lithium cell, nickel-cadmium battery, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The size of the battery is reduced as the insulating resin layer is formed on the periphery of the anode can.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of cylindrical alkaline manganese dioxide battery. (1) Electrode jar; (1a) Steel sheet; (1c) Insulating resin layer; (2) Anode; (3) Cathode.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) contains rubber- like copolymer and electrolyte salt dissolved in an organic solvent. The rubber- like copolymer is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoro-propylene (HFP) and 55 mol% or more of vinylidene fluoride (VDF).    USE -   For electrochemical devices e.g. lithium secondary battery and electrical double layer capacitor (claimed) used in electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The SPE has high strength and ionic conductivity and forms a good electrochemical boundary surface with electrode.
A new solid polymer electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt and a polymer of a heat and/or active ray polymerizing cpd. which has poly- or oligo-carbonate gps. of formula (1) - ((R1O)mCOO)n- and a polymerizing functional gp. of formula (2) CH2=C(R2)COO- R1, R3 = 1-10C gp. having two bonding hands which can contain hetero atoms; m = 1 or 2; n = integer of 2-1,000; R2 =H or 1-6C alkyl gp; x = 0 or integer of 1-10. Prodn. of the new solid polymer electrolyte is also claimed, where a polymerizing compsn. contg. a heat or active ray polymerizing cpd. having the poly- or oligo-carbonate gps. and the polymerizing gps. of formula (2), organic solvent and/or inorganic oxide is applied on a support and then the compsn. is polymerized.    A new lithium battery or an electrical double layer capacitor is also claimed, which comprises the new solid polymer electrolyte.    USE -   For batteries or electric double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE -   The new solid polymer electrolyte has a higher ionic conductive in a wider temp. range from low to high temp., a higher mechanical strength, and a good processability.
A new solid polymer electrolyte contains a polymer cpd. having poly- or oligo-carbonate gps. of formulae (1 to 3) and an electrolyte salt. -{(R1 O)m COO}n - (1) , -CH2 =C(R2 )m COO- (2), CH2 =C(R3 )CO(OR4 )x NHCOO- (3). R1 , R4 = 1-10C gp. having two bonding hands which can contain hetero atoms; m = integer of 3- 10; n = integer of 2-1,000; R2 , R3= H or 1-6C alkyl gp; x = 0 or integer of 1-10. Production of the new solid polymer electrolyte is also claimed, where a polymerizing compsn. contg. a heat or active ray polymerizing cpd. having the poly- or oligo-carbonate gps. and the polymerizing gps. of formula (2) or (3), organic solvent and/or inorganic oxide is applied on a support and then the compsn. is polymerized. A new lithium battery or an electrical double layer capacitor is also claimed, which comprises the new solid polymer electrolyte.    USE -   For batteries or electric double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE -   The new solid polymer electrolyte has a higher ionic conductive in a wider temp. range from low to high temp., a higher mechanical strength, and a good processability.
A high molecular gel electrolyte contains: (a) 1-40 wt.% polymer having a molecular wt. of 500 or more and a unit of formula -(R1 )C(X)-(R2 )C(R3 )- (I) as a principal repeating unit; (b) 20-70 wt.% polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer; (c) 1-50 wt.% ionic cpd.; and (d) 20-85 wt.% organic solvent allowing ion dissociation to the ionic cpd. R1 = H, F or alkyl; R2 and R3= H or alkyl; and X = an organic gp. having a molecular wt. of 2,000 or less and at least two carbonyl gps.    Also claimed is the prodn. comprising: (A) cooling and depositing a melted mixt. consisting of (a) polymer and (b) polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer; (B) forming a thin film; and (C) contg. a soln. formed by dissolving the (c) ionic cpd. with the (d) organic solvent in the thin film.    Also claimed is that a polymer battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a high molecular electrolyte located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The high molecular electrolyte consists of the high molecular gel electrolyte.    USE -   The process produces the high molecular gel electrolyte used in the battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The polymer has good compatibility with the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer. The result easily yields the uniform melted mixt. or the uniform mixed soln. The resulting high molecular gel electrolyte has good ion conductivity and mechanical strength. The polymer battery has improved charge-discharge characteristics.
NOVELTY - A solar battery cell (3) embedded inside a transparent resin layer (5) is fixed to a panel (2). A tempered glass (6) is fixed on the transparent resin layer. Between the panel and the tempered glass, a sealant (7) which covers a periphery (5a) of the transparent resin layer is provided.    USE -   For covering solar battery cell mounted on roof, outer wall.    ADVANTAGE -   Peeling off of the transparent resin layer is prevented, as entry of resin water and dew is avoided by the sealant. High insulation effect is ensured. Durability of sealant is increased. Exterior design quality is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the solar battery cell cover structure. (2) Panel; (3) Solar battery cell; (5) Transparent resin layer; (5a) Periphery of transparent resin layer; (6) Tempered glass; (7) Sealant.
In a thermopolymerisable compsn. contg. at least one thermopolymerisable cpd. bearing a polymerisable functional gp. and giving a polymer with a crosslinked and/or branched chain structure by polymerisation, at least one electrolyte and at least one polymerisation initiator, the cpd. contains a cpd. bearing a polymerisable functional gp. of formula CH2=C(R1)OCO-R2- (I) and/or CH2=C(R3)CO(OR4)xNHOCO-R5- (II) and the polymerisation initiator is an organic peroxide of formula X-CO-O-O-(CO)m-(O)n-Y (III). R1 and R2 = H or alkyl; R3 and R5 = divalent gp. contg. oxyalkylene. fluorocarbon, oxyfluorocarbon and/or carbonate; R4 = 1-10C divalent gp.; R2, R4 and R5 opt. contains a heteroatom and has straight, branched or cyclic structure; x = 0-10; X = opt. substd. alkyl or alkoxy; Y = opt. substd. alkyl; X and Y has straight, branched or cyclic structure; m = 0 or 1; and n = 0 or 1.    USE -   The batteries are useful for main electric sources for potable equipment, back-up electric sources, large electric sources for cars and road levelling and paper batteries for identification cards.    ADVANTAGE -   The thermopolymerisable compsns. have good curing properties and can give polymer solid electrolytes with high ion conductivity, good stability and sufficient strength. The prim. and sec. batteries have high capacity, a long life and good reliability. They are capable of operating at a high current and economical. The electric double layer capacitors have a high output voltage, good processability, a long life and high reliability. They are capable of taking out a large current and are economical.
NOVELTY - A polypropylene and polyethylene resin layer is present on one or both sides of the heat shrink film. Temperature at which maximum contraction occurs in the horizontal and vertical direction is set as AC and BC and they satisfy the relation 40 (A-B) 5.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Material to be packed is wrapped in a perforated cylindrical film and placed in a heat zone. The film shrinks gaining strength and is disconnected at the perforated portion. A polypropylene and polyethylene resin layer is present on one or both sides of the heat shrink film. Temperature at which maximum contraction occurs in the horizontal and vertical direction is set as AC and BC and they satisfy the relation 40 (A-B) 5. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for heat shrink film manufacturing method. The film is drawn vertically 2-4 increments at CC by a roll drawing method. The film is drawn horizontally by 5-7 increments at DC by a tenter drawing method. Temperature of the films during drawing satisfy the relation 30 (C-D) 10.    USE -   For automatic packaging of dry cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Automatic packing and disconnecting at perforated portions occurs reliably. Harmful gases are not generated during incineration. The package exterior has good appearance. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of the automatic packing of the film. (1) Heat shrink film.
NOVELTY - A guard plate (14) whose periphery is larger than that of the filler layer (12) is arranged over the filler layer (12), such that a step (18) is formed between the peripheral portion of filler layer (12) and the guard plate. A sealing resin (16) from dispenser seals the circumference of filler layers (12,13) so that the step is covered integrally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery (11) is sealed inbetween filler layers (12,13) that are made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin.    USE -   For polycrystalline, single crystal solar battery modules manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the sealing resin injection from dispenser is automated, mass production is achieved, and stability and reliability of quality are secured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is an expanded sectional view of end face processing state of solar battery module manufacturing process. (11) Solar battery; (12, 13) Filler layers; (14) Guard plate; (16) Sealing resin; (18) Step.
NOVELTY - A support is formed by baking a metallic oxide sol formed by liquefaction of metallic oxide gel resulted from mixing of metallic oxide powder in solvent. Several fine holes having some peak values are formed on this support resulting in a metallic oxide porous object.    USE -   In photoelectric cells, photoconductive element, display element, various sensors, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The formation of several fine holes on support of electrode offers efficient transduction of solar light and a photoelectric cell of high efficiency is realized. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model sectional diagram of photoelectric cell.
NOVELTY - A gel-like electrolyte layer (2) formed between a negative electrode (1) and a positive electrode (3) consists of thermoplastic resin. The negative electrode is impregnated with thermosetting resin. The thermoplastic resin has binding ability more than the thermosetting resin.    USE -   For polymer lithium ion secondary battery used in portable or personal computer.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves charging and discharging cycle characteristics along with temperature characteristics of battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of polymer secondary battery. (1) Negative electrode; (2) Gel-like electrolyte layer; (3) Positive electrode.
NOVELTY - A weak base type anion exchange group formed, at least on one surface of the film. The methanol made pole is joined to one surface of the anion exchange film.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolyte type methanol fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The amount of cross leak of methanol can be reduced and output voltage of fuel battery is raised.
NOVELTY - The collector (1) consists of a metal net having metallic wires (11). The mean spacing between metal wirings is about 100-500 m. The positive and negative electrode layers are laminated to either surfaces of the collector.    USE -   For electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE -   The characteristics of secondary battery are improved and unevenness in thickness of positive and negative poles are suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a partial elevation view showing the polymer electrolyte secondary battery. (1) Collector; (11) Metallic wires.
NOVELTY - Ornamental paper base (2), image layer (3) and ionising radiation setting resin layer (4) are laminated in specific order, to constitute decorative sheet (1). The ionising radiation setting resin layer contains spherical alumina and photoinitiator. An ultraviolet hardening type resin coating material is coated on the rear surface of the sheet (1).    USE -   Decorative sheet with recoating property, is used for internal equipment of building, surface decoration of fittings, car internal equipment and flooring with wood grain pattern.    ADVANTAGE -   Reliable recoating property is offered when UV resin coating material is coated on rear surface of decorative sheet with favourable adhesion property. Since photoinitiator is contained in ionising radiation setting resin layer, hardening is satisfactorily carried out to inside of the layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure represents cross-sectional view of decorative sheet. (1) Decorative sheet; (2) Ornamental paper base; (3) Image layer; and (4) Resin layer.
NOVELTY - The catalyst containing ion exchange membrane layer is sandwiched between anode and cathode side ion exchange membrane layers. The catalyst improves the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water. The anode and cathode side ion exchange membrane layers consists of perfluorocarbon polymer with phosphonic acid group.    USE -   Used for fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By formation of water, moisture content in the battery is increased by improving proton movement across the film. Proton movement is also facilitated by using solid polymer electrolyte resulting in high output of electromotive force. The battery is not effected by external humid conditions due to the presence of moisture within the cell.
NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell integrated cladding assembly which has mounted on it a number of solar cell modules, each made of a number of solar cell elements. Each solar cell module or element is connected in parallel or in series to other solar cell modules or elements by means of a conductive lead or connector. The conductive leads are covered by a jacketing material that is made from a polyvinyl chloride type resin containing at least one polyester type plasticizer, phosphoric acid ester type plasticizer, fatty acid ester type plasticizer, and epoxy type plasticizer.
NOVELTY - In a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprising an electrolytic salt dissolved in a non aqueous solvent, a polymer is added to the solution.    USE - The battery is used in small portable devices such as camcorders, portable telephones, and laptop computers.    ADVANTAGE - The obtained battery has improved charge and discharge cycling characteristics without the load or capacity characteristics being damaged. Also, a temperature rise due to an external short circuit may also be suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) a method of making the above comprising assembling a battery by placing the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution in a battery housing, and charging and discharging the battery under overcharge conditions; and (b) a method of making the above as above where the charging and discharging step is performed by applying a pulse voltage to the battery.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has gas feed lines, one or both of which contains a wetting and/or cooling liquid distributor connected to a sonic wave generator.    USE - In electric traction (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The liquid distributor provides uniform dosed moistening and/or cooling with high liquid (preferably water, optionally with additives such as wetting agents) usage efficiency, produces minimal increase in the fuel cell stack weight and size and is inexpensive to fit in the stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of wetting and/or cooling a fuel cell stack is provided, in which liquid droplets are produced by sonic waves immediately in front of the gas inlet of each cell of the stack for entrainment by the process gas stream onto active faces of the stack.    Preferred Features: The sonic generator is a piezoactuator which creates a standing wave in the liquid distributor and/or a liquid column, the half wavelength of the standing wave corresponding to the distance between two cells in the stack. The liquid distributor is a wick, wire, tube or liquid-filled hose. The fuel cell stack may also be air cooled, e.g. using elements as described in WO 9701827.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a liquid distributor in operation.    Liquid distributor (1)    Water supply direction (1a)    Piezoactuator (3)    Sonic wave (3b)
NOVELTY - Platinum nanoparticles embedded in a protective colloid containing polymeric betaine.    USE - The soluble nanoparticles are used in the production of catalysts for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of polymeric betaines as protective colloid allows the production of stable solutions with very small particle size having very high dispersity which gives economies in the consumption of expensive metals, and allows the protective colloid to be completely or partially removed by hydrolytic decomposition e.g. after immobilization on a carbon support.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Nanoparticles of platinum alone or platinum and other metals of the platinum group, embedded in a protective colloid containing polymeric betaine and which can be decomposed by hydrolysis. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included covering:    (a) a process for producing the soluble nanoparticles;    (b) catalysts made by contacting a carbon substrate with a solution of the nanoparticles;    (c) catalysts also containing a proton-conductive polymer; and    (d) use of the catalysts in fuel cells.
NOVELTY - A composition for encapsulating a photovoltaic device and which is free of an ultraviolet light absorber component, comprises: (a) a polymer; (b) a curing agent; and (c) an optional ultraviolet light stabilizer; and/or (d) an optional antioxidant.    USE - In solar energy conversion systems for protecting the semiconducting materials from environmental damage while providing structural support, optical coupling, electrical isolation and thermal conduction for the arrays of solar cells and current-collecting metallic elements within the photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulating material contains stabilizing additives selected to improve weathering stability and has enhanced photothermal and photochemical stability, and reduced discoloration which would interfere with full spectrum solar admission to the encapsulated device and energy-collection efficiency. It has a prolonged shelf life, resistance to hydrolysis, a fast cure rate without bubbling problems and with sufficient crosslinking under mild curing conditions, and produces reduced levels of curing-generated chromophores and curing peroxide residue.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a photovoltaic device comprising a photovoltaic cell with the encapsulating material on its upper surface; and    (2) a method for encapsulating a solar cell, comprising applying the encapsulating material to the solar cell and curing to form a thermoset encapsulant.
NOVELTY - Producing a polyurethane based polymeric electrolyte by polymerising a dried hydroxyl group containing and an isocyano group containing component to form a pre-polymer of polyurethane, and adding lithium diaminosulfonate as a diamino chain extender to form a polyurethane matrix material    USE - The polyurethane based polymeric electrolyte is useful in primary and secondary lithium or lithium ion cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric electrolyte has a high conductivity and is suitable for windable cells, bipolar stack and thin film cells. The polymeric electrolyte is readily packaged and has low current leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing a polyurethane based polymeric electrolyte for use in a lithium cell comprises:    (a) polymerising a dried hydroxyl group containing and an isocyano group containing component to form a pre-polymer of polyurethane, and adding lithium diaminosulfonate as a diamino chain extender to form a polyurethane matrix material;    (b) dispersing the matrix material in water to form a dispersion solution;    (c) drying the dispersion to form a thin film of polyurethane as a matrix of the polymeric electrolyte; and    (d) adding an organic electrolyte component to the matrix to form a waterborne polyurethane based polymeric electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Cross-linked polycarbonate polyol is esterified with (meth)acrylic acid to form polycarbonate (meth)acrylate. Cross-linked polycarbonate polyol is obtained by polycondensation of a diol compound, polyhydric alcohol addition product and a carbonyl compound.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Cross-linked polycarbonate polyol is esterified with (meth)acrylic acid to form polycarbonate (meth)acrylate. Cross-linked polycarbonate polyol is obtained by the polycondensation of diol compound, polyhydric alcohol addition product and carbonyl compound. The polyhydric alcohol addition product is formed by the reaction of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and polyhydric alcohol. The obtained product has hydroxy number same as polyhydric alcohol i.e. three or more than three.    USE -   As solid polymer electrolyte in lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery property of the lithium ion secondary battery is improved.
NOVELTY - The multifunctional sheet (100) consists of a base film (1) containing luminous member (2) with punched through hole (6). A photocatalyst (3) is provided on both sides of a base film.    The material for base film is acrylic type resin, alkyl melamine resin, silicone group resin, vinyl acetate group resin, fluorine group resin, epoxy group resin, urethane group resin, ultraviolet cured resin, natural rubber, isobutylene-isoprene rubber, vinyl chloride group resin, phenol resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, polystyrene resin, styrenic resin, polyamide resin or inorganic glass.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The photocatalyst disassembles the polluted substance, adhered on the surface of the sheet. When the luminous material is switched off, the photocatalyst and solar battery functions to emit the light and the area is illuminated. The solar battery generates electricity, there by energy is conserved and environment is preserved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional drawing of the multifunctional sheet. (1) Base film; (2) Luminous member; (3) Photocatalyst; (4) Liquid; (6) Through- hole; (100) Sheet.
NOVELTY - The electrochemical element contains an anode and a cathode arranged on either sides of an ion exchange membrane. The membrane is constituted of fluorocarbon polymer containing a phosphonic acid group and contains non conducting particles.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Thickness of an ion exchange membrane is reduced. Membranous drying is prevented by maintaining a high moisture content, which remains unaffected by variation in external humidity. Short circuiting of the electrode is prevented and the electrochemical element offers high output.
NOVELTY - The particle comprises a non-graphitizable carbon material disposed on at least a portion of the outer surface of a graphite core.    USE - A number of particles as above form an anode material (claimed) which is used in anodes of rechargeable, or secondary, lithium-ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The particle shows high current output, flat voltage output, excellent reversibility or chargeability, and long cycle life. This structure allows the carbon anode material to have properties that combine both the advantages of graphite and disordered carbon coke material in one composite material structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composite particle, suitable for use in a battery anode, comprises a graphite core having an outer surface and a non-graphitizable carbon material disposed on at least a portion of the outer surface. The graphite core is characterized by inter planar spacings of at least 0.346 nm.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing a composite particle as above which comprises:    (a) providing a graphite core;    (b) providing a carbon precursor resin on an outer surface of the core; and    (c) subjecting the carbon precursor resin to an elevated temperature of 800-1600degreesC to form a non-graphitizable carbon shell around at least a portion of the outer surface of the core.
NOVELTY - A solid battery comprises a solid electrolyte obtained by dissolving a tetrafunctional high molecular weight compound and an electrolyte salt and crosslinking the solution by actinic radiation, e.g. light or electrons, and/or heating. It is comparable in performance with conventional batteries with a liquid electrolyte.    USE - The battery is useful as a backup electrical supply resource for electronic instruments, watches, cameras, pacemakers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is mechanically strong, has electrical conductivity and capacity equal to that of conventional batteries with a liquid electrolyte, has high energy density, avoids liquid leakage and gas spouting, is very reliable, and is light in wt. electrolyte, has high energy density, avoids liquid leakage and gas spouting, is very reliable, and is light in wt.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The tetrafunctional high molecular weight compound is a terminal acryloyl-modified alkylene oxide polymer having a high molecular chain. The solvent is compounded with the polymer at a solvent to polymer ratio of 220 to 1.90 wt.% and the compounded mixture is crosslinked. The polymer has the formula -CH2C(R1)HO)m-(CH2C(R2)HO)n-C(O)-C(R3)=CH2 (I).    R1 and R2 = H or lower alkyl;    R3 = H or Me;    m and n = 0 or at least 1;    In a single high molecular chain m + n = at least 35, and each R1, R2, R3, m and n in the four high molecular chains can be the same or different.
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte consists of an ionic polymer complex obtained by the reaction of a solid electrolyte (having two or more cationic end groups) and a polyhalide compound.    USE -   For fuel batteries, lithium batteries etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrochemical reaction in the battery, can be quickly promoted using the electrolyte. The mobility of the cation is remarkably improved and ionic conductivity is enhanced. The cation transport number is also increased.
NOVELTY - A transmission unit (1) energized by power supply, transmits electromagnetic wave through an antenna (4) via transmission circuit (3). A decorator (2) receives the EM wave from receiving antenna (5) via receiving circuit (6) and converts it into corresponding electrical energy to light the ornamental light emission portion of timber surface (8).    USE -   For displaying advertisements in shop and domestic use.    ADVANTAGE -   Very convenient to use since there is no cord for transmitting power supply to decorator. Enables reliable visual observation by using light source of high luminous intensity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the top elevational view of ornamental decorator. (1) Transmission unit; (2) Decorator; (3) Transmission circuit; (4) Antenna; (5) Receiving antenna; (6) Receiving circuit; (8) Timber surface.
NOVELTY - A unit (3, 4) attaches the integrated station by suction cups (3) onto the glass sheet (2) of the solar collector. An autonomous current supply is included. A wireless data transmission system sends data to a remote location.    USE - A meteorological station for a solar collection system.    ADVANTAGE - The station collects relevant meteorological data in accordance with ISO 9459. It avoids: direct fastening to the roof, weather proof electrical supply and data line penetrations, cable laying and fastening, mains connection and possible resealing of penetrations when measurement ceases. The transparent frame passes a proportion of the light incident on it. The risk of falling off, is prevented by a pumping system, which maintains reduced pressure in the suction cups.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an implementation of the weather station in plan view.    solar collector (1)    suction cups (3)    casing (6)
NOVELTY - After manufacture of the solar panel (2C), a reinforcement (6F) is moulded onto its rear side portion by injection of fluid raw material. A sealing frame (12) is simultaneously moulded along with the moulding of the reinforcement thus fixing the reinforcement to the panel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A surface transparent guard plate, photoelectric conversion layer having solar battery (1E) and a backside cover material are mutually laminated. This panel is covered by a polymeric material for sealing it. A wire (23b) is embedded in the reinforcement for current conduction.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for roof attached with solar battery module. The solar battery module is attached to the roof surface.    USE -   Makes solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   As the process of moulding and fixing the reinforcement is not made separately, manufacturing becomes quick and simple. A reinforcement embedded with wires is manufactured easily, so the cost of solar battery is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross sectional drawing of the solar battery. (1E) Solar battery module; (2C) Solar panel; (6F) Reinforcement member; (12) Sealing frame; and (23b) External lead wire.
NOVELTY - Resin films (13a,13b,14a,14b) are provided between aperture edge of coverings and external lead (11), and are thermally bonded to the aperture edge and external lead.    USE -   For power supply of cordless apparatus e.g. portable personal computer.    ADVANTAGE -   The resin film improves seal property of coverings by which external lead respectively electrically connected to positive and negative pole of unit cell is extended.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram for demonstrating manufacture of polymer secondary battery. (11) External lead; (13a,13b,14a,14b) Resin films.
NOVELTY - The method involves dipping microporous polyolefin film (5) in 0.01-10 wt% of polyelectrolyte solution for 0.5-3 hrs and surface treating. The film is dipped in 0.01-10 wt% of silane coupling agent for 0.3-3 hrs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of lithium cell.    USE -   In liquid type, solid type lithium cell used for lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Lithium ion battery with long life cycle is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of lithium cell. (5) Microporous film.
A polymer is generated by polymerising a monomer of formula R1 -C(=CH2 )-C(=O)-O-R2 (I) having a fluorine-containing alkyl skeleton, and a polymeric functional gp. serving as a functional gp. in a molecular structure. The polymer is formed to a solid shape as a gel skeleton matrix. In formula (I), R1 = H, CH3 ; and R2 = CH2 CF3 , (CH2 )n (CF2 )m H, (CH2 )n (CF2 )m CF3 , CH(CF3 )2 , (CH2 )n -(CF2 )m -(CH2 )n -O-C(=O)-C(R1 )=CH2; n = 0-2; m = 1-10.    USE -   The gel electrolyte finds its application in a battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The polymer skeleton is formed to three dimensions. The result enhances heat stability. In polymerising the polymer, a mixture of an organic solvent and an organic solvent-soluble electrolyte is polymerised by radical polymerisation to grow the gel electrolyte. The result simplifies the production method.
A new epoxy resin composition used as a solid electrolyte for lithium ion batteries comprises (a) a cyano-ethylated epoxy compound of formula (I), (b) a curing chemical of cyano-ethylated (poly)amine compound, (c) a solvent of a lower molecular weight cyano-ethyl compound of (R3O)aR4(OCH2CH2CN)b (R3 = 1-3C alkyl group; R4 = a residue given by removing all of the OH groups from a compound having 1-4 OH groups; a =0-3; b = 1-4; a+b = 1-4), and (d) lithium salt. The cyano-ethylated (poly)amino compound has cyanoethyl groups which are introduced by the reaction between the active hydrogen atoms of the amino and/or imino groups and (metha)acryloyl or glycidyl groups. R = a residue given by removing all of the OH groups from polyhydroxyl compound having (m-n) bonding hands; (m+n) = equal to or larger than 2; m, n = equal to or larger than 1.    USE -   As a solid electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The composition has a lower resistivity of 10 - 8.7 x 102 ohm-cm at 20 deg.C and good adhesion.
NOVELTY - A cathode (2) and an anode (1) which occludes lithium are wound with a separator (3) between them and inserted into a battery case. Non-aqueous electrolyte (5) containing thermal polymerisation initiator and a polymerisable compound is injected to the battery case. An electrolyte layer is formed by heating the non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE -   For power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Manufacturing cost is reduced. Yield is improved. The battery has high current density. The discharge characteristics and cyclic characteristics of the battery are improved. Oozing of polymer electrolyte is prevented. Potential stability is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a cross-sectional view of a secondary battery. (1) Anode; (2) Cathode; (3) Separator; (5) Non-aqueous electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The sealing material consists of a fluoropolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride. The sealing material which has a specific melting point seals the output circuit to which solar battery cells (2) are connected. The solar battery cells are accommodated in the solar battery module (SM) which generates photoelectricity.    USE -   For solar battery module. Used as building materials for roof, walls.    ADVANTAGE -   The dependability, weather-resistance and fire- resistance of the solar battery module is enhanced. The sealing material excels in water-proofness, transparency, workability, weather resistance, resistance to contamination, acid and alkali resistance, flexibility, adhesive property, and fire resistance. A stable electricity output is maintained for longer period of time. Manufacture of solar battery module is easy and quick.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows vertical sectional drawing of solar battery module and a graph describing composition ratio of fluoropolymer used for sealing. (2) Solar battery; (SM) Solar battery module.
NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of manufacturing the tile by laminating an assembly of the front support layer, encapsulant layer, solar cells, and back skin layer using heat and pressure and embedding a connector and an electrical lead in the back of the back skin layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a solar cell roof tile.    Frame and back skin layer (107,108b)    Interconnected solar cells (110)    Stand-offs (121)
NOVELTY - Volume efficient acid based galvanic cell type oxygen sensor having long life even in the presence of carbon dioxide.    USE - Used in galvanic type sensor including capillary- and membrane-type sensors.    ADVANTAGE - have increased life and decreased size over prior art sensors, thereby incurring limited cost since the cost of the electrolyte and lead are relatively small compared to the costs of the housing and other sensor components. The sensors are low in cost, are relatively simple, and can be operated at room temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Galvanic cell oxygen sensor comprises a galvanic cell comprising:    (a) a cathode comprising a metal effective for the electrolytic reduction of oxygen;    (b) an anode made substantially of lead; and    (c) an electrolyte comprising a mixed solution of organic acid, a lead compound, and a buffer salt, where the electrolyte's pH value is 2.4-4 and satisfies relationship (I).    (d) an electronic circuit connecting the anode to the cathode, and including a resistor; and    (e) a housing containing an electrolyte, and the anode and cathode maintained in spaced relationship, electronically separated except through the electronic circuit and where the galvanic cell is constructed such that the oxygen diffusion to the cathode is mainly through an oxygen-permeable polymer film in close proximity to the cathode. pH greater than or equal to 42.3/T + 2.27 - 0.217 In ((Pb2+)P) (I);    T = absolute temperature of the system, in degrees K;    Pb2+ = molarity concentration of lead ions;    P = atmospheric pressure    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a galvanic cell-type oxygen sensor.    Housing (11)    Main body (13)    Housing cap (15)    Sensing zone (17)    Diffusion film (19)    Cathode (21)    Separator (23)    Electrolyte (25)    Pores (27)    Anode (29)    Gasket (31)    Cathode wire (37)    Circuit board (41)    Connector (47)
A polymer electrolyte, comprising a polymer compound comprising a copolymer made of an alkylene oxide derivative of formula (1) having a substituent comprising a liquid crystalline compound and an alkylene oxide derivative of formula (2) which is different from the alkylene oxide derivative of formula (1), and an ionic compound which can be dissolved in a non aqueous organic solvent;    -CH2-CHA- (1) -CH2CHR-    A = substituent comprising a compound showing liq crystallinity, or a compound analogous thereto; R: alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkoxy, aryl, alkylene oxide or H.    USE -   The polymer electrolyte is useful for an electrochemical devices such as a battery, particularly for a secondary battery.    ADVANTAGES -   Since a liq crystalline compound is introduced as a side chain to the polyalkylene oxide main chain, even without carrying out crosslinking by electron beam etc, sufficient mechanical strength is provided by the stiffness or cohesiveness of the liq crystalline compound. Besides, due to the liq crystallinity imparted to the side chain, the molecular motion of the polyalkylene oxide main chain is not hindered at a low temperature, therefore, good ion conductivity can be maintained in a wide temperature range. The secondary battery obtained from the polymer electrolyte of the present invention can be made into a thin (such as 400 micron) and small size.
NOVELTY - Surface layer (103) and backside layer (105) are formed on both sides of the photovoltaic cell, by sealing resin (102) inbetween them. The multilayer body is maintained in the degree of vacuum of 5 or less Torrs and then heat-crimping is also performed at the same degree of vacuum. Then, the multilayer body is cooled and affixed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of solar battery module.    USE -   For photovoltaic cell used in solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves manufacturing yield of module by maintaining the multilayer body at 5 or less Torrs during the processes. Suppresses the sublation from the filler of the fluororesin film using the fluororesin film which performs corona-discharge process especially of the adhesive surface as the surface member to the minimum extent can be provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the sectional view of the solar-battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (103) Surface layer; (105) Backside layer.
NOVELTY - A mixture of an active material, conductive material a binder and a plasticizer forms a slurry which is coated as a laminate on copper cathode and aluminum anode. The laminated composite anode and cathode are activated by dipping in a polymer electrolyte.    USE -   In lithium polymeric ion secondary battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   As leak proof property of electrolyte is increased, stabilization of battery operation is achieved.
NOVELTY - The polymer composite electrolyte film (1) includes a polymeric photoresist hardened by an ion conductive material. The polymer concentration in the photoresist is varied continuously and periodically in such a way that one part of the film has high polymer concentration and the other part has low polymer concentration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of composite electrolyte film which involves irradiating a mixture containing photoresist and ion conductive material by an interference light.    USE -   As electrolyte film for the manufacture of secondary battery (claimed). Used in note type personal computer and portable telephone. The electrolyte film forms the electrolyte layer between positive and negative electrode active material layers.    ADVANTAGE -   Polymer composite electrolyte film which has improved ionic conductivity and strength is obtained. A simple method for manufacturing high output secondary batteries is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the structure of polymer composite electrolyte film. (1) Polymer composite electrolyte film (bipolar membrane); (2) Polymer high concentration part; (3) Polymer low concentration part.
NOVELTY - The battery case has fuel gas cylinder (1) and battery main unit (3) which generates electricity in response to the supply of heating gas and oxidizing agent. Gas is fed to the main unit by pipeline and amount of supply of gas is controlled by automatic decompression valve (47).    USE -   For power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Electricity generation from fuel battery is a stable process even if the heating gas and oxidizing agent does not humidify.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the inner parts of solid polymer fuel battery. (1) Fuel gas cylinder; (3) Battery main unit; (47) Decompression valve.
NOVELTY - A common spillway (26) is arranged at downstream of a module (24) and waste water and gas that flows out of fuel chamber and oxidizing chamber drains through it and extends to hole (30). A drain hole (34) is formed in downstream end of module as extension of the hole (30) such that module is always in the upstream side of the drain holes even during inclined state of module.    USE -   For solid polymeric fuel battery to drain waste water and gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Since draining and wastage is complete, reduction in electricity generation accompanied by accumulation of waste fluid in common spillway is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross sectional view of drainage structure in inclined state of module. (24) Module; (26) Spillway; (30) Hole; (34) Drain hole.
NOVELTY - The lamination of several unit cells (18) constitutes unit cell assembly (26) between which a humidification chamber (28) is provided. Heating gas is humidified in humidification chamber by supplying cooling water. The humidified heating gas is supplied to the unit cell and to each fuel chamber (20) through fuel flow path (40) from humidification chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte film in the unit cell has cathode and anode on its either sides. Several laminated unit cell (24) comprising unit cell (18) is provided with fuel chamber (20) to which heating gas is circulated in anode side and oxidizing agent chamber (22) to which oxidizing agent gas circulates to cathode side. A solid polymer electrolyte film is humidified using a cooling water in order to cool cell (18).    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the humidified heating gas is supplied to each fuel chamber through fuel flow path, humidification chamber provided to each single cell is prevented, thereby size of solid polymeric fuel battery is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross sectional model figure of solid polymeric fuel battery. (18) Cells; (20) Fuel chamber; (22) Oxidizing agent chamber; (24,26) Unit cells; (28) Humidification chamber; (40) Fuel flow path.
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous polymer solution with metal collector is provided between anode and cathode active materials. The anode and cathode has a foam metallic plate or metallic fiber sintering board having a metal which does not form an alloy with the metal collector.    USE -   For electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE -   Charging and discharging characteristics of the battery is enhanced. Binding capacity of the electrode active material and polymer electrolyte is increased.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte has a high molecular compound and an ionic compound. The high molecular compound contains conjugated double bonds in the principal chain and a substituent having ionic conductivity, in the side chain.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery (claimed) and other electrochemical devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Molecular motion of the side chain in the high molecular compound is not suppressed and therefore high ionic conductivity of the polymeric electrolyte is offered. Rigidity of the conjugated double bonds in the compound provides high dynamic strength for the electrolyte. A battery of good quality high energy discharge is produced using the electrolyte. Spilling out of the liquids in the battery is prevented.
A conductive material contains at least one organic high-molecular compound consisting of an alkali aluminate unit of formulae (i), (ii), or (iii). R, R1, R2, R31, and R41 = organic gps.; M = an alkaline metal; n = a natural number.    Also claimed is that a secondary battery consists of the conductive material.    ADVANTAGE -   The conductive material has sufficient ion conductivity and very high transference number, and sufficient handling. The production has a few steps in synthesis, reducing production costs.
NOVELTY - The filter is fabricated from a material (I) comprising synthetic resin fibers and iron oxide particles with catalytic activity for accelerating fixation of chlorine and/or gaseous hydrogen chloride and/or sulfur dioxide.    USE - As a dust removal filter in air conditioners or dust collectors in buildings or factories.    ADVANTAGE - The filter is free from discharge of toxic compounds on incineration after it's use. Catalytic effect of iron oxide particles ensures total combustion even under low oxygen conditions and temperature thus alleviating formation of HCl, Cl2 and SO2 when the resin burns.
NOVELTY - The batteries are bonded together in series in a stack on a substrate with a conductive adhesive electrically connecting their peripheral edges. The construction minimizes the volume taken up by the battery stack. The batteries may also be connected in parallel.    USE - Thin profile battery stacks.    ADVANTAGE - The construction minimizes the volume taken up by the battery stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin profile battery circuit comprising at least two batteries connected in series comprises; (a) Substrate with a pair of spaced electrical contact pads on its surface. (b) Two thin profile batteries with positive and negative terminals. (c) First electrical connection between a positive terminal first of the batteries and the negative terminal of the second. (d) Second electrical connection between the negative terminal of first battery and one of the substrate contact pads. (e) Third electrical contact between the positive terminal of the second battery and the other substrate contact pad. (f) At least one of the second and third connections comprise and adhesive bond between the battery and the contact pad.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a battery circuit including; (16) substrate, (20, 22) electrical contact pads, (24, 26) thin profile batteries, (28, 30) positive and negative terminals, (32, 34) positive and negative terminal housing members, (36) first electrical connection, (38) second electrical connection, (40) third adhesive electrical connection (42) conductive strap, (44) conductor, (46) insulator.
NOVELTY - A thin profile battery comprises a seal (32) of depolymerized butyl rubber and has a thickness less than a maximum linear dimension of its anode (12).    USE - As thin button-type batteries for watches and other electronic devices requiring thin profiles    ADVANTAGE - The seal is suitable for ultra-thin button batteries, is water-resistant and has a high compression set resistance which does not cold flow.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for methods of forming the battery above as follows comprising: (a) providing a depolymerized butyl rubber seal void of polymerizing or curative agents; (b) depositing a butyl rubber precursor in a sealing region of a first conductive terminal housing member, providing a second conductive terminal housing member with a sealing region and joining the sealing regions to form an enclosed battery; and (c) depositing the rubber precursor on a pre-formed gasket within the first terminal housing, providing anode, cathode and electrolyte-porous separator between the two terminal housings, joining them and in situ curing the butyl rubber on the gasket.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the peripheral sealing is shown.    Anode (12)    Seal (32)
NOVELTY - A thermal battery comprises an anode layer (22) adjacent to an electrolyte-cathode layer (20), then a steel cell cover (24), an insulating layer (26) and a heat source (28) adjacent to the insulating layer. The insulating layer has a volume resistivity of 1E14-1E17 ohm-cm and decomposes at less than 1400degreesC.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - Pre-activation self-discharge during storage lifetime is reduced, the coulombic loss being reduced by a factor of 2.8E4 at 60degreesC compared with an unprotected battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the battery is shown.    Steel cell cover (24)    Insulating layer (26)    Heat source (28)
NOVELTY - The haze of a tin oxide coating is reduced by forming a coating of a metal oxide precursor and heating it to form the metal oxide. The solid state coating can conducting, semiconducting, or insulating to meet a particular application. The reduction is not achieved by forming the same composition coating by a vacuum deposition method.    USE - Fabrication of transparent tin oxide conductive films on glass for solar cells, electrochromic devices, display panels etc.    ADVANTAGE - The reduced haze and good optical quality allows the use of the coatings in electrochromic devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (1) Method for reducing the haze in a conductive tin oxide film on a substrate comprising: (a) Providing a substrate with a conductive tin oxide coating on it with a sheet resistance at most 20 OMEGA / square. (b) Providing a solution of a metal peroxy acid ester metallic oxide precursor in a suitable carrier solvent. (c) Coating the tin oxide surface with the solution by a wet chemical deposition process to form a coating of desired thickness. (d) Removing the solvent and converting the precursor to a solid-state metal oxide over the tin oxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIM - Also included (2) is the method as (1) in which the metallic oxide precursor is selected to form an electrochemically active metal oxide film over the tin oxide, which has (3) a sheet resistance at most 20 OMEGA / square. Also (4) the method as (1 - 3) in which the metal precursor is selected to give a film of tin oxide, doped tin oxide, indium oxide, or indium tin oxide. Also (5) the method in which the wet chemical deposition process is dip coating, spin coating, spray deposition, or casting.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the reduction in surface roughness of a tin oxide film coated with tungsten oxide.
NOVELTY - A solar battery cell sheet (11c) is laminated by a silicon rubber sheet (11e). The silicon rubber sheet constitutes a room temperature setting type rubber material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The laminated solar battery cell sheet is sandwiched between a glass pane (11a) and a resin sheet (11d).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of solar battery.    USE -   Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since adhesive agent is not used and also heat treatment is not performed, simplification of manufacturing process is attained. Also viscidity of glass pane and silicon rubber sheet are enhanced. The battery does not exhibit a yellowish appearance therefore exterior deterioration is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery unit: (11a) Glass pane; (11c) Solar battery cell sheet; (11d) Resin sheet; (11e) Silicon rubber sheet.
NOVELTY - A fuel battery (3) is divided into upper, inner and lower stages (13-15). The upper stage is divided by a partition (11) and a portable case (12) containing fuel gas cylinder (1) is provided in front of upper stage. A controller (16) is provided in rear of upper stage. Electricity is generated in middle stage. An invertor (18) is provided in rear of lower stage.    USE -   For power supply in public works construction, domestic emergency power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides cooling facility thus electricity generation is performed stably. Excels in handling property of fuel gas cylinder, thus safety is high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side explanatory view of portable battery. (1) Fuel gas cylinder; (3) Fuel battery; (11) Partition; (12) Portable case; (13-15) Upper, inner and lower stages; (16) Controller; (18) Invertor.
NOVELTY - The battery is immersed in a non-aqueous cleaner (A) consisting of silicone, rinsed using rinsing solution (B) and steam cleaned using steam clean agent (C), fluoridation liquid.    USE -   Used for cleaning organic electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Precipitate of lithium salt is removed. Development of water mark is suppressed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows process drawing of cleaning process. (A) Non-aqueous cleaner; (B) Rinsing solution; (C) Steam clean agent.
NOVELTY - The battery has a gasket made of biodegradable polymer.    USE -   Gasket material for non-aqueous electrolyte storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the gasket material gets degraded easily, the battery can be disposed off efficiently without causing environmental pollution. The characteristics of battery such as storage and leak proof property remain uneffected.
A new crosslinked copolymer for solid polymer electrolytes has a crosslinking density of at least 10-5 th mol/cc and a tensile elasticity of at least 0.1 kgf/cm2 as measured by the method defined in JIS K7127. The copolymer is given by crosslinking a copolymer composition which contains 100 pts.wt. of a copolymer (X) and 0.1-10 pts.wt. of an organic peroxide (Y). X consists of 5-70 wt.% of repeating unit (a) which is derived from aliphatic conjugated diene (monomer-A) and 30-95 wt.% of repeating unit-(b) which is derived from a polar cpd. (monomer-B) of formula CH2 =C(R1 )-CN (I). In another new crosslinked copolymer, X consists of 5-70 wt.% of repeating unit-(a), 30-95 wt.% of repeating unit-(b), and 0-65 wt.% of repeating unit-(c) which is derived from a derived from copolymerizable monomer selected from compounds having unsaturated bonds (monomer-C). R1= H or 1-5C alkyl group.    USE -   For high energy density batteries including rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new copolymer has a higher mechanical strength as well as a higher ionic conductivity.
NOVELTY - Sintering of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) resin carbide electrode is performed at 600-950 C. Then electrode is immersed in sulphuric acid or ion exchange water followed by impregnation of moisture. Electrode is then heat treated at 160-300 C.    USE -   For electrical double layer capacitor used in vehicle mounted lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Capacitance of PVDC resin carbide electrode is raised and cost reduction is also achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of characteristic measuring of electrode.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte consists of 1-10 mmol/l of a monomer chosen from 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, styrene and 0.1-5 mmol/l of bromo benzene.    USE -   E.g. lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The safety of battery is raised by shut down effect by polymerised product formed during overcharging and over discharging.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of bromobenzene and 2-methyl-1,3 butadiene added in electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Unit cell (1) is formed by arranging an oxidizing chamber (18) and a fuel chamber (16) on the cathode (14) and anode (12) side of a cell (10), respectively. Several unit cells are arranged between laminated boards (22,23). A heating unit (28) is provided between the oxidizing chamber in the outermost position and the laminated board to increase the temperature of oxidizing chamber.    USE -   For electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   The temperature of oxidizing gas is increased. The temperature distribution of each cell is made uniform. Heating time is reduced. Electricity generation efficiency is high. Durability is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates schematic view of solid polymer fuel battery module. (1) Unit cell; (10) Cell; (12) Anode; (14) Cathode; (18) Oxidizing chamber; (22,23) Laminated boards; (28) Heating unit.
NOVELTY - The electrodic plates placed opposite to cathode and anode (12, 13) forms anodic and cathodic channels. The terminal end of channel walls of anodic channel is provided with hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas (HPy, HPs).    USE -   The solid polymer type fuel battery for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Stable electricity is generated. The water storing area helps in battery cooling of solid polymer occlusion on inlet and outlet channels are avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the 3D view of the solid polymer fuel battery. (12, 13) Cathode and anode; (HPy, HPs) Hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas.
NOVELTY - Unit cell (2) is installed in a recess formed on a repeated thermobonding portion (15) of a unit cell housing (1). The height of the cell is made equal to the height of the thermobonding portion.    USE -   For polymer electrolyte secondary battery used in electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves volume energy density with reduced size.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial notch perspective view of polymer electrolyte secondary battery. (1) Unit cell housing; (2) Unit cell; (15) Thermobonding portion.
NOVELTY - A copolymer of fluoro olefin and monomer having crosslinking functional group is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the lithium cell using polymer electrolyte which contains copolymer of fluoro olefin and monomer dissolved in non- aqueous solvent containing lithium salt.    USE -   For battery, electrochromic element, electrolytic capacitor and an electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE -   The polymer electrolyte has good ionic conductivity and thermal stability. The size and weight of the battery is minimised as the electrolyte has good gel strength capacity. Maintenance factor of the battery is high even after repeated charging and discharging.
NOVELTY - A rechargeable Pb-O2 battery has a lead negative electrode which is associated with an oxygen evolution auxiliary electrode during the charge phase and with an oxygen reduction cathode during the discharge phase, the cathode and the lead electrode being in contact with a solid or gelled electrolyte and the auxiliary electrode being immersed in a liquid electrolyte.    USE - The rechargeable Pb-O2 battery is especially useful for storing electricity generated by photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a long life (close to 15 years) and has zero or low maintenance requirements.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a lead-air battery.    Cathode (A, A')    Cathode collector (B)    Lead electrode (C)    Auxiliary positive electrode (D)
NOVELTY - A method of making a fuel cell by fixing a polymer electrolyte film to a frame comprises causing the film to have a molar fraction of water of not more than four and bonding the film to the frame with an adhesive.    USE - In forming polymer electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive strength of the polymer electrolyte is enhanced thus increasing the reliability of gas sealing, even under conditions of large humidity change.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a method as above in which the adhesive has an elastic modulus of not more than 10 MPa or a durometer, a hardness of not more than 90 after cure; and (b) fuel cells comprising frame, polymer electrolyte film and adhesive as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A flow chart of the method is shown.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has gas diffusion layers (3) comprising electroconductive porous material and a fluororesin copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene so that water is retained and the cell can operate on unhumidified gas.    USE - As a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using pure hydrogen or hydrogen from fossil fuels    ADVANTAGE - Water is retained inside the assembly without hindering gas diffusion so that the PEFC can be operated using unhumidified gas    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (1) with positive and negative electrodes (4,5) on both sides, each comprising catalyst layers (2) and gas diffusion layers (3). Unhumidified air or oxygen is fed to the positive and unhumidified hydrogen or reformed gas is fed to the negative. At least one gas diffusion layer comprises electroconductive porous material and 16-55 wt% of fluororesin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A sketch of the fuel cell is shown.    polymer electrolyte membrane (1)    gas diffusion layer (2)    catalyst layer (3)    electrodes (4,5)
NOVELTY - A system of energy recovery elements comprises elements (photovoltaic cells or heat recovery units) located on supports. The supports also insulate the elements.    USE - The arrangement (e.g. solar cells) is used for energy recovery.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is simple and effective.
NOVELTY - Thermosetting molding composition comprises 10-30 wt.% of low viscosity thermosetting binder resin system and 70-90 wt.% of filler.    USE - In production of bipolar plates for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Thin-walled, electro-thermo-conductive structures formed of conductive thermosetting composite have low production cost, low ion leaching, increased processability, high crack resistance and sufficient toughness, and are resistant to the harsh fuel cell environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: a) a process of preparation of molding composition; b) an electrically and thermally conductive structure made of thermosetting molding composition; and c) a method of making structure as above from thermosetting molding composition.
NOVELTY - A compact organic polymer comprises first and secondary organic polymer chains which form a two- or three-block copolymer. Electric power is supplied to each phase of the copolymer.    USE - USE For polymer batteries such as lithium ion secondary battery, solar battery, display, light modulator, memory medium, organic transistor, sensor, and for actuator used for medical apparatus, robot and care and help apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Endurance of boundary surface of element structure is high. Increases flexibility and rate of operation quantity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional view of an electrochromic element.
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte comprises in one part a matrix formed at least partly of from crosslinked copolymer containing ethylene oxide units some of which are substituted by radical aiding crosslinking; and in the other part an ionizable alkaline salt complexed in the matrix.    USE - As electrolyte in electrochemical assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of electrolyte by chemical, mechanical or thermal methods is slowed down considerably, increasing the life of said electrochemical assembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical assembly using said electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows multilayer electrochemical assembly:    positive electrode (2)    negative electrode (3)    solid electrolyte (4)
NOVELTY - A sealed lead-acid storage battery comprises a container (1) for the electrodes comprising a denatured polyphenylene resin containing a flaky humidity-resistant inorganic substance, a resin-bonded container cover (2) with a vent valve (6) ultrasonically welded to the cover and a top lid (8) for covering the vent valve region. The cover and lid are of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin.    USE - As uninterruptible power supplies for backing up computers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The impact strength of the resin is maintained over time so that less water is lost from the battery, internal resistance remains low and trickle life is prolonged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the container and cover is shown.    Container (1)    Cover (2)    Vent valve (6)    Top lid (8)
NOVELTY - Moldless semiconductor device comprises a chip held between outer terminals, at least one terminal having regions of different hardnesses to absorb bending etc.    USE - In photovoltaic devices used in a module for a solar cell module or a construction material. In a preferred use, the device is a bypass diode used in a photovoltaic solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - A moldless device is provided having sufficient strength and flexibility to resist torsional, bending or impact forces and prevent device breakage, even when incorporated into a solar cell module. The partial covering with elastic material also provides high stress absorption, heat resistance and oxidation protection.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A moldless semiconductor device (ie with no mold packaging resin) comprises a chip held between outer terminals, at least one terminal having a region contignous to the chip, or a region contiguous to the chip and a region which is vicinal, which has a different hardness from the outer region. The chip may also be covered in part by an elastic material, preferably a high polymer resin of JIS-A hardness 50 or less.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show a moldless semiconductor device of the invention    Semiconductor chip (101)    Outer-connecting terminals (102,103)    Terminal region contiguous to the chip (102b)    Other region of the terminal having a different hardness (102a)
NOVELTY - A photo device comprises a layer of nano-particles and a conductive solid polymer.    USE - Especially in a photovoltaic cell. The layer can also be used in an LED, photo sensor, optical switch or optical network.    ADVANTAGE - The layer is easy to manufacture in a single heat treatment step and combines the stability and electron transporting properties of the nano-particles with the hole-transporting, light absorbing properties of the polymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably the particles are TiO2, ZnO, CdSe, ZrO2 or SnO2 and the conductive polymer is polypara-phenylene-vinylene or its derivative. Preferably the film is heat treated under reduced pressure or a vacuum.
NOVELTY - One or more cells (10) in a flexible container (1) have a vent with external sealing membrane relieving gas pressure otherwise causing distortion. The membrane (21) is partially adhered to the container covering central and venting apertures (21a and 2 respectively), allowing a venting path to atmosphere. The membrane is releasably sealed (22) to the container at a point of partial separation. The seal only opens under sufficient excess internal pressure. After venting, the seal is reformed.    USE - To vent a lithium ion polymer battery in a flexible foil package, subject to slight internal gassing from cell impurities.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike prior art, this is a very compact and reliable low pressure vent. Ambient air and moisture cannot enter, maintaining battery integrity. Manufacture is economic. Rupture under high temperature use is prevented. A comparable commercially available structure is used in coffee packaging, and is sensitive to only 0.04 psig (2.6 mbar), resealing reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The flat pack appears in perspective    flexible container (1)    venting aperture (2)    cell(s) (10)    membrane (21)    central aperture (21a)    releasable seal (22)
NOVELTY - A composite electrolyte in gel form contacts the alternate layers of the lithium anode assembly and the metal film. The electrolyte includes lithium and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone contained within a polyimide matrix. A sealed polyimide casing contains the alternate layers of the lithium anode assembly and the metal film supporting the cathode assembly.    USE - Used for electronics applications.    ADVANTAGE - An improved, economical, high energy-density, low-voltage, composite lithium metal/lithium-ion battery is provided. The battery is mass-producible and is reliable in operation. The battery has improved rechargeability and safety characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin film lithium battery comprises a lithium anode assembly, a cathode assembly and a metal film supporting the cathode assembly. The lithium anode and the metal film supporting the cathode assembly are disposed in alternate layers. A composite electrolyte in gel form contacts the alternate layers of the lithium anode assembly and the metal film. The electrolyte includes a quantity of lithium and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone contained within a polyimide matrix. A sealed polyimide casing contains the alternate layers of the lithium anode assembly and the metal film supporting the cathode assembly. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 is a part schematic view of a cylindrical lithium foil battery.    Assembled Lithium Battery (10)    Lithium Battery without Casing (11)    Exterior Casing (12)    Cathode A (13)    Cathode B (14)    Anode (15)
NOVELTY - An electrode/separator assembly is formed by coating a polymer matrix film onto a surface and applying an electrode mixture containing polymer and active material to this film.    USE - In forming electrochemical cells and batteries    ADVANTAGE - Adhesion of anode and cathode films to the solid electrolyte or separator is increased and the method is both cost-effective and suited to mass production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of preparing an electrode/separator assembly comprises applying a layer of a mixture of polymer, solvent and plasticizer to a substrate and removing solvent to leave a polymer matrix coat. To this is applied a mixture of electrode active material, second polymer, solvent and plasticizer and the solvent removed to give an electrode/separator (20,30,31,40) bilayer. A current collector (10,50) is then attached to the electrode film. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming an electrochemical cell as above in which anode and cathode are separately formed as above the steps being repeated in each case to give current collectors having two sides, each attached to electrode films of the electrode/separator bilayers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A schematic view of the cell assembly is shown.    Current collectors (10,50)    Electrodes (20,40)    Separators (30,31)
NOVELTY - A surface besides light incidence side of a photovoltaic cell (101) is sealed by covering material that includes transparent organic polymer resin (103). A gusset plate (107) is provided in a light receiving surface side of photovoltaic cell. A recess (109) formed in gusset plate is fitted to projection formed in output terminal on photovoltaic cell.    USE -   For power generation using solar energy.    ADVANTAGE -   The external appearance of battery module is improved by reducing roughness on battery surface. Reduces amount of resin needed for fire resistance. The reliability and operating life of solar battery module is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic section of solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (103) Transparent organic polymer resin; (107) Gusset plate; (109) Recess.
NOVELTY - The base material is a metal plate or a metallic foil. The base material surface is coated with electrical insulation film whose thickness is 2-40 microns. The coating film is made of polyether sulphone resin which is coated on the base material at temperature of 250-450 degreesC by heat treating for 20-120 seconds.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of insulated substrate.    USE -   For manufacture of amorphous silicon thin film type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   An amorphous silicon thin film type solar battery is made cheaply and it has very good electric insulation, heat resistance and flexibility.
NOVELTY - A gusset plate (105), a back side covering material (104), a photovoltaic cell (101) and a surface coating material (103) are laminated one over the other. The photovoltaic cell is sealed between a compound layer (102) and back side covering material using a laminated film.    USE -   For manufacturing solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   The back side covering material has an adhesive agent and laminated insulating film thus manufacturing time is reduced. High yield and reduction in cost are achieved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic structure of solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (102) Compound layer; (103) Surface coating material; (104) Back side covering material; (105) Gusset plate.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module material (101) is arranged on a process space of base material (102) which is then vacuumised. The module is laminated by heat treating the process space. Stainless steel mesh (103) and polyester nonwoven fabric layer (104) are arranged on top and lower sides of the module material as air stratification layers with area larger than module material.    USE -   For solar battery module manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Since no air bubbles are formed between the laminating materials, good lamination is achieved. A good quality solar-battery module is obtained due to the presence of light receiving surface in large areas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional view of the vacuum lamination apparatus. (101) Solar battery module material; (102) Base material; (103) Stainless steel mesh layers.
A macromolecular solid electrolyte consists of a crosslinking polymer matrix and an electrolytic salt. An anode and/or a cathode is compounded with the macromolecular solid electrolyte. A macromolecular solid electrolytic layer consisting of a thermoplastic macromolecule and a non-aqueous electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular solid electrolytic layer decreases the impedance of the polymer battery. The result exerts quick charge and high-load discharge.
NOVELTY - The secondary battery with a swelling property has a porous polyelectrolyte which performs an occlusion at a temperature ranging between 100-190 C.    USE -   Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The non-aqueous electrolyte battery with excellent discharge property and safety is offered.
NOVELTY - The battery consists of an anode (1), a cathode (2) and a polymer base material (3) impregnated with non-aqueous electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte base material contains 50 wt.% or more of silicone rubber.    USE -   In, e.g., button cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The charging and discharging cyclic characteristics of polymer electrolyte battery is improved, hence damage of battery during charging and discharging is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the internal structure of polymer electrolyte battery. (1) Anode; (2) Cathode; (3) Base material.
An electrochemical battery uses aluminium for a positive electrode current collector. Organic fluorine-based lithium salt is dissolved or dispersed into a non-aqueous electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, or the ion conductive medium of a polymer. The non-aqueous electrolyte, the gel electrolyte, or the ion conductive medium of the polymer contains at least one of the aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid, anhydrous hydrofluoride acid, the hydrofluoride acid salt of amine, quaternary alkyl ammonium fluoride (SIC) or its hydrofluoride acid salt.    USE -   The composition for the ion conductive medium is used in a battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The use of the composition for the ion conductive medium depresses corrosion with respect to aluminium used for the positive electrode current collector. The result produces a high-voltage lithium battery.
NOVELTY - A hollow portion of a hollow cylindrical positive pole mixture (2) is filled with gel-like zinc negative electrode (5). The outer peripheral surface of the negative electrode is layered with a thermoplastic resin powder (4) having melting point below 130C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cylindrical separator (3) is interposed between the resin powder layer and internal peripheral surface of the positive pole mixture. A metal can (1) with bottom surface serving as positive pole terminal encases the positive pole mixture.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents abnormal generation of heat during external short circuitry due to structural property. Prevents leaking and provides safety due to thermoplastic resin used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows a perspective cross-sectional view of the alkaline battery. (1) Metal can; (2) Positive pole mixture; (3) Separator; (4) Thermoplastic resin powder; (5) Gel-like zinc negative electrode.
NOVELTY - The collector has a copper alloy foil containing 99.5 wt% or more of copper and 0.01-0.30 wt% of silver.    USE -   For lithium group secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The tensile strength is improved, thereby improving the durability of the battery. Variation in electrical property due to recrystallization of collector, is prevented.
NOVELTY - An electrode containing an active material (4a) and organic covering material (4b) is equipped in a secondary battery. The covering material is thick in the contact portion (4c) of the active material and is thin in other portions.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrode structure with good permeability and current characteristics is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure explains the covering structure of the active material. (4a) Active material; (4b) Organic covering material; (4c) Contact portion.
NOVELTY - The terminal (7) consists of heat sealing portion (3) whose surface is treated by coating with maleic anhydride-denatured polypropylene.    USE -   For lithium ion polymer secondary battery. For portable telephone, notebook and personal computer.    ADVANTAGE -   Air resistance at terminal periphery is improved. Prevents short circuit with battery package.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of polymer battery. (3) Heat-sealing portion; (7) Terminal.
NOVELTY - An imidazolium salt derivative is impregnated on a polyanion resin which conveyed a negative charge towards a polymer acid, porous polymer solid or a polymer thin film.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   An homogenic polyelectrolyte which has improved ionic conductivity at room temperature, is obtained.
NOVELTY - Polyvinylidene fluoride is made to swell with a non-aqueous electrolyte, and is maintained by a cross-linked polymer. The compound is then shaped.    USE -   For lithium cells for portable computer, portable telephone etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte is thermally stable and has high ionic conduction.
NOVELTY - The electrolytic solution is impregnated to form a lithium salt containing foamed film.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery using metallic lithium cathode.    ADVANTAGE -   High mechanical strength and ion conduction are achieved by suppressing dendrite formation. Excels in reliability since liquid dripping on electrolyte is avoided.
A high-molecular solid electrolyte contains at least one high-molecular cpd., and at least one electrolytic salt and further contains at least one organic solvent. Magnesium-containing oxide particles have a Braunauer-Emmette-Teller specific surface area of 30 m2/g or more, a max. particle dia. of 10 microns or less, and a water content of 3000 ppm or less. At least one kind of the magnesium-contg. oxide particles is added to the high-molecular solid electrolyte.    USE -   The high-molecular solid electrolyte is used in non-aqueous battery, or non-aqueous electrical double layered capacitor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The high-molecular solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity, good film strength,superior formation, high current characteristics, and superior high-temp. durability. The battery and the capacitor have no liquid leakage, assuring long term-stability.
NOVELTY - The porous film is formed by crosslinking acrylonitrile group resin and has surface mean pore size of 0.05- 5 m.    USE -   Used as base material for lithium ion conductive polymer (claimed) in primary and secondary lithium ion battery, electrolytic capacitor, as selectively permeable membrane, ultra filtration membrane in water treatment plant, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The film has good water permeability, membrane strength and retains membranous structure even at high temperature. It provides lithium ion battery with good battery characteristics, high current density and prevents short circuit between electrodes.
A new polymer consists of a specific repeating unit of formula (I), where R = alkyl or alkoxy group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (a) a cpd. which is obtained by doping the new polymer with cations;    (b) a new organic display material which consists of the new polymer and changes colour by reversible doping of ions;    (c) a new charging-discharging material which consists of the new polymer and changes its electrochemical state by reversible doping of ions;    (d) a new battery which comprises a negative electrode material of the new polymer which is coated on a negative current collector; and    (e) a new electrochromic display which comprises an electrochromic layer of the new polymer.    The weight average molecular weight is 3,000-100,000. R has 1-30 (4-18) carbon atoms.    The polymer used in the electrochromic display is poly(2,5-dihexyl- 1,4-phenylene-2,5-pyridine-diyl) (poly-dhpp). (dhpp = diphenyl phosphino-propane).    Preferred compound: The cation is alkali metal ion or quaternary ammonium ion.    USE -   For batteries or electrochromic displays.    ADVANTAGE -   The new conductive polymer is soluble in organic solvent. Cation can be doped reversibly into the polymer.
NOVELTY - The layer of polymer based ionic conducting material, notably protonic or basic, is associated with at least one film of peelable material.    USE - In electrochemical devices such as batteries, combustible piles, and electro-chromic glass (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Peelable film protects layer from chemical attack and pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for a method for obtaining said layer; and application of said layer in manufacture of electrochemical devices.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows an extrusion device.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte cell comprises an electrode current collector (1a, 2a) having a layer of active material and a binder (1b, 2b) and with a solid electrolyte layer (1c, 2c) formed by impregnating a solution of the solid electrolyte onto the active layer.    USE - As portable power sources, especially lithium cells, for electronic equipment    ADVANTAGE - Electrical contact between electrodes and electrolyte, and the inter-particulate distance in active layers, are both optimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making an electrolyte cell comprising:    (i) applying a paint containing an active material and binder to a current collector, to form an active layer;    (ii) applying a paint of solid electrolyte solution onto the active layer to permeate it; then    (iii) drying the solvent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the cell is shown.    Current collectors (1a,2a);    Active layers (1a, 2a);    Solid electrolyte (1c, 2c).
NOVELTY - Silicone resin-metal composite consists of a thin metal plate (11) with an uneven surface having a silicone resin layer (2) injection molded on at least one side of it. The silicone resin layer is 0.05 - 1.0 mm thick and has a hardness of 20 - 70 JIS K6301 spring type hardness test A.    USE - Composite is claimed as a separator of a fuel cell, specifically of the solid polymer type. It may also be used as a cushioning material, a packing material, or as a spacer or O ring for electrical or electronic parts.    ADVANTAGE - It can be produced precisely and effectively in three dimensions with the two materials joined uniformly because the silicon resin layer is injection molded.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view of the composite being used as packing material.    silicone resin layer (2)    thin metal plate (11)    injection molded ribs (21)    irregularities. (A)
NOVELTY - An electronic assembly (1) is packaged by enclosing with a viscous easily removable molding material (6) and then completely encapsulating with a rigid cast material.    USE - For protecting a pressure and temperature sensor in a vehicle tire (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electronic assembly is protected against extreme conditions and, after removal of the rigid cast shell and stripping of the molding material, allows free access to components such as a battery or memory for replacement or software change.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an assembly completely covered with molding material.    Electronic assembly (1)    Support (2)    Electrical component (3)    Molding material (6)
NOVELTY - Battery comprises a supply of metal fuel tape transportable relative to a movable cathode structure, an ionic conducting medium between the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure, and a mechanism to transport the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure relative to each other at the same velocity at the locus of points at which the ionically conductive medium contacts the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure during system operation.    USE - Used for power generation, such as for electric vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Damage to the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure is reduced (claimed), due to reduced friction between them. High power can be generated from a compact system which also has longer life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) producing electrical power from a metal air fuel cell battery by moving a metal fuel tape relative to a movable cathode structure;    (2) an ionically conductive belt structure for the system;    (3) the belt manufacture by adding a polymer to an aqueous solution of an OH ion source and a hygroscopic agent, applying to a substrate and evaporating solvent, removing the obtained ionically conductive membrane from the substrate and joining the ends by adhesive, ultrasonic welding or appropriate fasteners;    (4) a cathode cylinder for use in the battery, and its manufacture by applying an ionically conductive film on its outer surface;    (5) a cathode belt structure;    (6) a cell system with a means to read a digital code along the metal fuel during discharge and recharging, and associated discharge and recharging parameter processing means;    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows metal fuel tape passing over a rotating cathode cylinder.    cathode cylinder (11)    ionically conductive medium (30)
NOVELTY - Electrochromic cells are coated with polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoazole, poly(phenylene ether), polyquinoline, polycarbonate or polysulphone.    USE - Used for intentionally darkening windows, mirrors, eye glasses, filters and electro-optical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The coating protects the device (1) from environmental and mechanical damage (claimed). The electrochromic device (1) coated with (B) has improved long term durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrochromic device (1) comprises:    (A) an electrochromic cell; and    (B) a coating on (A) comprising a polymer (2) of formula (I)-(VIII).    -(O-R2-Ar')n- (III)    -(R2-C(O)O)n- (IV)    In (III) and (VIII), R1 = R'    In (IV), R1 = R    Ar = 1,3 or 1,4-phenylene, 1,6-naphthalene, p,p-biphenylene, and/or specific aromatic group, optionally substituted by group R    Ar' = 1,3 or 1,4-phenylene, 1,6-naphthalene, p,p-biphenylene, and/or specific aromatic group, optionally substituted by group R    R = H, CF3, CnH2n+1 and/or O-CnH2n+1    R' = H, CF3, CnH2n+1, O-CnH2n+1, phenyl, fluorenyl and/or naphthalenyl    n = 1-10    x = 0 or 1    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacturing (1) by coating (A) with a polymer solution which when dried will be chemically inert, have high optical qualities and is thermally stable followed by annealing the coating (B) by heating (1) to a temperature above 65 degrees C; and    (b) packaging a solid state electrochromic device (1) by adhering a second substrate to the top portion of the electrochromic device (1) having a first substrate on the bottom portion of (1).
A shaping mould is used for producing a sealing member-carried flat plate-shaped member having the sealing member on the peripheral edge of the flat plate-like member. The shaping mould is formed of a surface mould having an inner surface shape generally agreed with the outer shape of the flat plate-like member at its surface side and a back mould having an inner surface shape generally agreed with the outer shape of the flat plate-like member at its back side. At least one of the surface mould or the back mould is provided with a composition accumulating portion for integrally moulding a projected portion with the sealing member.    Also claimed is that the prodn. comprises: (a) positioning the flat plate-like member in the shaping mould so that a cavity may be formed around the peripheral edge of the flat plate-like member only; (b) housing the flat plate-like member in the shaping mould; (c) filling a high-molecular compsn. in the cavity and solidifying the high-molecular compsn.; (d) removing the moulded product from the shaping mould; (e) removing the projected portion.    USE -   The method produces the shaping mould for the sealing member-carried flat plate-like member, including a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   The method produces the sealing member-carried flat plate-like member having no bubbles. The high-molecular compsn. is provided in a fine recessed portion to evolve an anchor effect. The result less separates the sealing member from the flat plate-like member, and evolves no bubbles on the sealing member. The resulting sealing member has enhanced strength and enhanced adhesion between the sealing member and the flat plate-like member.
NOVELTY - The used battery is crushed by a biaxial crusher (1) and the debris obtained is classified (2) into large sized like plastics and fine sized like lead and lead oxide. The large debris is further crushed by an impeller breaker (5). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The crushed debris from the secondary crusher is separated into large and fine sized debris and is crushed again in a tertiary crusher (8) for further removal.    USE - USE For recovery of lead, lead oxide and plastics from used motor vehicle battery.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE The recovery of the variables is done efficiently by serial crushing. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a process flow sheet of recovery method of variables in used battery. (1) Biaxial crusher; (2) Classifier; (5) Impeller breaker; (8) Tertiary crusher.
NOVELTY - The base film has a porous layer made of acrylonitrile resin. The amount of transparent liquid of propylene carbonate absorbed by the porous layer when a static pressure of 1 atm applied at 23C is 50Kg/hr/m2/atm.    USE -   For lithium cell, electrolytic capacitor, electrochemical element, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Current density and battery characteristics of the polymer base film are improved when used in lithium cell. Even at high temperature the battery properties are maintained.
NOVELTY - The unit to collect solar energy has a functional carrier. The carrier has a combined system with an element which can be heated, and the element to recover the energy is embedded on the first unit in an elastic intermediate layer.    USE - The system is a solar cell, to collect solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - In addition to recovery of solar energy, the solar cell unit can give a selective absorption of light in given wavelengths such as infra red, selective passage of light in given wavelengths, give shade, include warning colors, provide thermal insulation, heat the solar cells and especially the photoelectric elements, and conduct light.
NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the preparation of the above water-soluble metal colloid solution by reacting a Pt compound and optionally a compound(s) of Rh, Ru, Ir or Pd with a reducing agent and using a cation exchange polymer as stabilizer.
NOVELTY - Low cost polymers, such as ethylene vinyl acetate and ionomers, are used as back skin (14) and/or encapsulant (18) layers in solar cell modules. E-beam radiation crosslinks the polymer without eliminating thermoplasticity so that thermal creep resistance is good.    USE - Used as solar cell modules, especially in architectural applications.    ADVANTAGE - Thermal creep resistance is substantially increased and the polymers are inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell module comprises a front support layer (16) behind which is a transparent encapsulant layer (14), then an interconnected solar cell assembly (12) with a back skin layer (18) at the rear surface. At least one of the encapsulant and back skin layers are predisposed to electron beam radiation.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method of forming a monolithic solar cell module in which metal conducting patterns are additionally formed on the back skin layer and the surface of the cells;    (b) a method as above in which the assembly is laminated and e-beam-irradiated to cause crosslinking;    (c) a solar cell module formed as above; and    (d) a monolithic solar cell module additionally comprising material to bond the solar cells to the conducting pattern.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the solar cell module is shown.    Solar cell (12)    Encapsulant (14)    Front support (16)    Back skin (18)
NOVELTY - P-layer (13) is formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition process, using raw material gas such as hydrocarbon gas like silane, methane or ethylene, hydrogen and diborane. High-frequency power supply of greater than or equal to 30 MHz, is supplied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An n-layer (16) and i-layer (15) are laminated sequentially on the P-layer. A radical heater is arranged between a substrate and electrode pattern inside a reaction receptacle. A substrate heater is arranged facing the electrode pattern, inside reaction receptacle.    USE -   Used for amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The absorption loss of incident light, is reduced because the p-layer is laminated by `n' and `i' layers. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of solar battery. (13) P-layer; (15) I-layer; (16) N- layer.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte (12) which consists of an electrolytic compound and a copolymer containing 0.005-15 mol% oxirane compound with a cross linking group, 1-95 mol% ethylene oxide and 1-98 mol% glycidyl ether having 1-12 ethylene oxide units is used.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   A compact and light weight lithium polymer battery with excellent charging-discharging characteristics is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents sectional drawing of lithium polymer battery. (12) Solid polymer electrolyte film; (13) Negative electrode.
NOVELTY - A gas flow path is equipped with main water inlet through which cooling water is supplied. Water is supplied among a fuel gas flow path and oxidizing agent gas flow path.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery has a fuel gas and oxidizing gas flow paths distributed on both the sides of membrane electrode contact body. The contact body joins a catalyst layer to main surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane (1) forms a multi-layered cell by several laminating single cells. The single cells are formed by pinching at separators (2,2A) from the gas impermeable material. The oxidant gas containing oxygen or fuel gas containing hydrogen is supplied for generating electricity using an electrochemical reaction. The battery is maintained at predetermined temperature with cooling water which flows in a cooling circuit formed by partition of the single cell with the separator.    USE -   In solid polymers electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte film is maintained at a predetermined moist state by simple structure. The dimension and the weight of fuel battery multilayer body are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates sectional drawing of the basic structure of fuel supply arrangement of the fuel battery. (1) Electrolyte film; (2,2A) Separators.
A new polymer electrolyte comprises a specific polymer cpd. and ionic compounds. The specific polymer compound is a copolymer of a cyclo compound (A) of formula (1) which has epoxy groups and an alkylene oxide derivative (B) of formula (2). A new polymer gel electrolyte is also claimed, which comprises the polymer compound, ionic compounds and a plasticiser of organic solvent. A = cyclic compounds; R = alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkoxy, aryl, or alkylene oxide containing group or H. Secondary batteries are also claimed, where the new polymer (gel) electrolyte is used.    USE -   For rechargeable lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new polymer (gel) electrolyte has a higher mechanical strength without cross-linking, providing a higher ionic conductivity over a wider temp. range.
NOVELTY - A lead wire (3) for extracting the output of a solar battery element is arranged in contact with a foundation material (8). The casing for the lead wire is made of polyethylene resin, polyamide resin, vinylidene-fluoride resin, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, silicone resin or fluororesin    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM for solar battery installation method is also provided.    USE -   For installation of solar battery on wall, roof of building. For power generating device, air circulation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The length of lead wire is extended easily, thus generation of crack is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional view of outer enclosure. (3) Lead wire; (8) Foundation material.
NOVELTY - A vertical rail with ventilation hole (11) supports a solar battery module (3) installed on a roof surface. An air passage layer (10) is provided between the roof surface and the solar battery module. Radiation fins (12) are arranged on the inner surface of the solar battery module for heat dissipation.    USE -   For installing solar battery module on roof surface of building and residence.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves air permeability enabling the solar battery module to cool uniformly. Reduces voltage resistance even when solar battery module is connected, serially. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows expanded sectional view of installation structure of solar battery module. (3) Solar battery module; (10) Air passage layer; (11) Ventilation hole; (12) Radiation fin.
NOVELTY - The electrode comprises catalyst particles each comprising a catalyst carried at least on a surface thereof, the surface of each particle being coated with a first electrolyte. The catalyst particles are connected with one another via electrolyte clusters formed by aggregation of a second electrolyte.    USE - The manufacture of an electrode for a fuel cell that receives supplies of gaseous fuel and oxidizing gas and generates an electromotive force.    ADVANTAGE - A thick electrolyte layer is unnecessary for ensuring the sufficient transmission of ions, while allowing a sufficient amount of gas to be fed to the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode is manufactured by soaking catalyst particles in a first electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving a first electrolyte in a solvent. The soaked catalyst is dried so as to cause its surface to be coated with the first electrolyte. In a second electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving a second electrolyte in a solvent, the state of dissolution is modified so as to make the second electrolyte deposit and form clusters by aggregation of the second electrolyte. The catalyst particles are mixed with the electrolyte clusters to manufacture an electrode.
NOVELTY - A first electrode layer, a semiconductor photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode layer are formed in this order on a substrate, and a light diffusion layer which has a surface texture including fine unevenness suitable for causing the light diffusion and formed by using a resin including particles, is provided between the substrate and the first electrode layer.    USE - Used in solar cells, especially thin film semiconductor photoelectric converters.    ADVANTAGE - A thin film semiconductor photoelectric converter is provided easily and inexpensively which has a high efficiency of conversion due to light confinement effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric converter comprises (i) a first electrode layer, a semiconductor photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode layer formed in this order on a substrate; and (ii) a light diffusion layer for causing light diffusion, provided between the substrate and the first electrode layer. The light diffusion layer has a surface texture including fine unevenness suitable for causing the light diffusion and formed by using a resin including particles suitable for causing the surface texture. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the converter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a photoelectric converter.    Transparent Substrate (1)    Light Diffusion Layer (2)    Transparent Electrode layer (3)    Light Diffusion Effect Increasing Layer (4)    Semiconductor Photoelectric Conversion Layer (5)    Metal Atom Diffusion Prevention Layer (6)    Metal Electrode Layer (7)
Multifunctional encapsulating layer structure for photovoltaic semiconductor elements comprises a gradient layer or a succession of individual layers applied by plasma deposition, and a diffusion barrier layer zone (3) and an elastic polymer protective layer zone (4), on which is applied a scratch-resistant surface layer (5) or a polymer film (23). The production of the structure is also claimed by: (a) applying the barrier layer zone (3) to the photovoltaic structure (2) by plasma deposition, especially using a gas mixture containing an organosilicon compound and a small amount of a reactive gas; (b) applying an elastic polymer protective layer zone (4) by plasma deposition using a gas mixture containing an organosilicon compound or volatile aromatic compound and a high amount of reactive gas; and (c) plasma treating a polymer film (23) on one side and placing on the elastic polymer protective layer zone.    USE -   For encapsulating thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The photovoltaic structure can be hermetically sealed without placing any mechanical stress on the encapsulating layer structure.
NOVELTY - Grid elements are cross sectional slices of composite tube comprising binder and fibers. Outer surface juxtapose into geometric array. Interposed mixture bonds outside surfaces to complete the grid.    USE - To make grid structures. Examples cited include solar panel substrates, missile fairing and adapters.    ADVANTAGE - The versatile composite grid-form structure has strong joints, with desirable structural properties avoiding microcracking and delamination. Manufacture can be automated. The method improves on soft rubber tooling previously applied. Optional.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - In a perspective view, a series of grids separate towards the observer, from the tubular array.
NOVELTY - A solar panel (2) is inserted within a frame which has upper and lower cavities (32,33) along its circumference. The solar panel is sealed with a sealing material (3) such as urethane resin, by polymer injection integral moulding method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery module manufacturing method.    USE -   For installation at roof of buildings.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates usage of thermosetting resin and heating apparatus. Manufacture process is simple and fast. Permeation of rain water in the solar panel is prevented since it is sealed and hence the need for a cover is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents the sectional view of solar battery module structure. (2) Solar panel; (3) Sealing material; (32) Upper cavity; (33) Lower cavity.
NOVELTY - A transparent protection member (3) covers a flexible photoelectric conversion module (1). During photoelectric conversion, the module is pushed up towards photoelectric conversion area. The area is formed between protection member and the exterior chassis (W).    USE -   For crystal solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Sustains effective expansion condition. Exposes display by mounting it on building side of module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows isometric, side and sectional views of module. (1) Photoelectric conversion module; (3) Transparent protection member; (W) Exterior chassis.
NOVELTY - The battery electrode is equipped with a collector made of aluminum or copper and is subsequently impregnated with water soluble polymer containing phosphorus or a phosphorus compound. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Suppresses the corrosion of aluminum or copper component of the electrode.
NOVELTY - The gas diffusion electrode serving as fuel pole is coated with catalyst mixture. The catalyst mixture includes low water repellent catalyst mixture (5a) comprising carbon powder and low fluorine resin content and high water repellent mixture (5b) comprising carbon powder and large fluorine resin content.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Suppresses wetting velocity of catalyst mixture to electrolyte. Prevents increase of diffusion polarization and contributes to improved durability of fuel battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows theoretical diagram of fuel battery and expanded view of low and high water repellent catalyst mixture. (5a) Repellent catalyst mixture; (5b) High water repellent mixture.
NOVELTY - The secondary battery has a positive pole, a non- aqueous electrolytic layer and a carbon cathode containing a water soluble polymeric binder.    USE -   For electronic equipment, office automated apparatus etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The cycle characteristics of the battery are improved.
NOVELTY - The positive pole active material has conductive polymers such as polyaniline, LiMn2 O4 and LiCoO2or a mixture of both. The anti-oxidant used as the positive pole coating material suppresses the disintegration of the conductive polymer and crystal structure of inorganic active material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive pole of the non- aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is coated with a material containing anti-oxidant such as a phenol group compound, hydroquinone group compound.    USE -   For electronic still camera, electronic notebook, floppy disk and memory card.    ADVANTAGE -   The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has improved charging and discharging cycle characteristics with high volume and potential.
NOVELTY - A resin layer (11) for outer cladding is sealed on opposite sides, along the end face of electrode component (7').    USE -   For portable telephone, notebook computer.    ADVANTAGE -   The space for sealing is reduced and battery with large capacity and high performance is obtained. The size of the battery is reduced by the outer resin cladding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective and sectional views of polymer electrolyte battery. (7') Electrode component; (11) Resin layer.
NOVELTY - A metallic mold (5) which comprises of a die (6) to form lateral surface of battery casing, a male mould (7) with a core (7a) to form battery casing inner side and a bottom board (8) to form exterior wall of battery casing is provided. The bottom board has hot runner (11). The metallic mold is closed and the core is fixed to the bottom board using a pin (15) and resin is ejected into the cavity (12) followed by hardening. The metallic moulds are pulled apart and the protrusion formed on the low wall is melted so that it fills the hole of the low wall.    USE - USE For storage batteries e.g. lead storage battery for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Simple manufacturing process. Component cost and process cost is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional drawing of a metallic mould for battery casing manufacture. (5) Metallic mold; (6) Die; (7) Male mould; (7a) Core; (8) Bottom board; (11) Hot runner; (12) Cavity; (15) Pin.
NOVELTY - An anodic oxide film (3) with thickness 0.5-40 m having a fine roughness, is formed over an aluminium alloy layer (2). A transparent organic resin (4) is formed on the surface of the film.    USE -   For solar collectors used in heat hot water installation.    ADVANTAGE -   Calorie of heat absorbed is more because the anodic oxide film absorbs infrared rays of solar light, therefore solar light is utilised effectively. Light transmission is easy because a transparent resin layer is formed on surface of anodic oxide film. Therefore fluctuation in temperature of absorption plate is prevented and stored heat release is also prevented. Cost is reduced since use of tempered glass is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The figure shows sectional view of solar absorption plate. (2) Aluminium alloy layer; (3) Anodic oxide film; (4) Transparent organic resin.
An ionic conductive polymer electrolyte (X) comprises: (A) 1-40 wt. % of a polymer having a carbonyl group in the main chain of repeating unit; (B) 20-70 wt. % of a polymer of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) series; (C) 1-50 wt. % of an ion-dissociated metal salt of the group I or II metal; and (D) 20-85 wt. % of an organic solvent which can dissociate the metal salt.    Also claimed are: (1) a process for preparing (X), which comprises a sheeting step where (A) and (B) are melted and sheeted to give a membrane and a dipping step where the membrane is dipped in (D) dissolving (C); and (2) a polymer battery prepared from (X).    USE -   (X) is used for polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   (X) has high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.
NOVELTY - A film-type solid polyelectrolyte membrane (SPM) for fuel cells consists of a synthetic resin in which the main chain is an olefin/perfluoro-olefin copolymer, with side chains consisting of a crosslinked olefin/diolefin copolymer with sulfonic acid groups.    USE - In hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost solid polyelectrolyte membrane with a water content which is controlled so as not to cause excessive wetting of the electrode catalysts with a consequent loss of performance; i.e. the membrane shows a suitable degree of water-repellency without the need for water repellent additives.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for processes for the production of SPM by:    (A) (a1) a grafting step in which an olefin/perfluoro- olefin copolymer film is irradiated and then contacted with an olefinic aromatic hydrocarbon and a diolefinic aromatic hydrocarbon so as to form crosslinked side chains grafted on the copolymer and (a2) the introduction of sulfonic acid groups into the side chains; and    (B) (b1) irradiating an olefin/perfluoro-olefin copolymer film and then (b2) contacting with sulfonic acid group-containing olefinic and diolefinic aromatic hydrocarbons so that crosslinked side chains with sulfonic acid groups are grafted onto the copolymer.
NOVELTY - The film of thickness 1-10 m, width of 300 nm or more, length of 500 m, Young's modulus of 700-2500 kg/mm2 and moisture absorption expansion coefficient of 3-50 ppm/% RH is rolled. The film contains 0.001-10 wt% of fine particles. At least one surface of the film having fine protrusions with 0.01-0.05 m height are 102-107 pieces/mm2 and protrusions with 0.81 m or more height are 0.5 pieces/100 cm2. Mean winding hardness of film is 95-100 and variations in winding hardness are 0-5.    USE -   For solar battery, magnetic medium etc,.    ADVANTAGE -   The film with excellent heat resisting property and workability is offered. The generation of wrinkles in the film is prevented.
NOVELTY - The fog prevention film has a photocatalyst material made transparent layer responding to optical pumping, is formed on one surface of a fluororesin layer that consists of optical catalytic substance and silicon compound. The silicon compound consists of silicone, silicone precursor, silica or silica precursor. The film with wetting property shows water contact angle of 10 or less.    USE -   The fog prevention film is used for green house, and used as cover for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The fog prevention film excels in endurance and fog prevention effect. Has high dirt resistance.
NOVELTY - The sealing material consists of 30 wt% or less of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA resin).    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has high volume resistivity due to the presence of EVA resin. Electricity leakage in solar battery is efficiently prevented since insulation of solar battery module is raised. A compact and low cost solar battery is availed.
NOVELTY - A gas adsorption layer (7) consisting of activated carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene, is arranged between the base of a positive pole case (4) and an air pole (6). The air which flows through a vent (9) of the positive pole case, is adsorbed by the gas adsorption layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reduction reaction of oxygen is performed using the air pole. A zinc metal negative electrode and an alkaline electrolyte, are provided in the air zinc cell.    USE -   For small electronic equipment, pager.    ADVANTAGE -   The sufficient quantity of oxygen is stored near the air pole, because a gas adsorption layer is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows half cut sectional view of air zinc cell. (4) Positive pole case; (6) Air pole; (7) Gas adsorption layer; (9) Vent.
NOVELTY - An anode (4) and a cathode (2) with a separator (3) inbetween are retained inside a jar (6). The separator is thin film made up of polypropylene. The electrolyte containing dissolved cellulose derivative such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxy propyl cellulose is injected into the jar.    USE -   In e.g. coin type lithium ion battery for video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in high volume and low self discharge rate since capacitance after preservation in high temperature and recovery after preservation are high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. (2) Cathode; (3) Separator; (4) Anode; (6) Jar.
A binder compsn. consists of a 20-95 wt.%-thermoplastic polyester elastomer and 5-80 wt.%-rubber having a polar gp.    USE -   The binder compsn. is used as a binder for a carbon material used in a negative electrode and finds its application in a lithium sec. battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The binder compsn. is used as a macromolecular soln. and has superior adhesion to copper foil, and superior filling in the carbon material. Superior charge and discharge characteristics are observed in using the binder compsn. for the negative electrode of the lithium sec. battery. The binder compsn. allows to fill large amounts of the carbon for the negative electrode. The resulting negative electrode has appropriate binding for connecting the carbon particles and impregnation in an electrolytic soln. The result allows a smooth charge and discharge reaction. The lithium sec. battery has superior cycling characteristics.
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte containing copolymer of fluoro olefin and alkyl vinyl ether or alkyl allyl ether containing (-OC(=O)O-) carbonate coupling is dissolved in non- aqueous solvent. Hydrogen atom of vinyl group or allyl group is substituted by a fluorine or a chlorine atom. A carbonate bond and oxygen atom having ether property exists between C-C bond of an alkyl group. The alkyl group is straight chain, branched or cyclic. The polymer is dissolved in non-aqueous solvent.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery (claimed), electrochromic element, aluminium electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE -   Ionic conductivity, thermal stability and strength of the polymer electrolyte is improved, therefore the cyclic characteristic of the lithium secondary battery is improved.
A new polymer electrolyte comprises a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) cpd. whose side chains are incorporated by electron beam irradiation and an electrolyte soln. which is contained in the PVdF cpd. The electrolyte soln. contains ionic cpds. dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent. The polymer electrolyte is in a solid state. A new rechargeable battery is also claimed, which comprises a positive electrode, the new polymer electrolyte, and a negative electrode.    USE -   For rechargeable lithium (ion) batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Side chains having desired properties can be incorporated in a desired amt. A thin film polymer electrolyte with a higher ionic conductivity and a higher mechanical resistance is obtd.
NOVELTY - The efficiency of a gel electrolyte secondary cell containing a gel electrolyte is improved by using a negative electrode containing a graphitised carbonaceous material (C) obtained by firing meso-carbon microbeads    USE - As a secondary cell in e.g. portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The cell provides a large discharge capacity and a high charging/discharging efficiency without decomposition of the electrolyte solvent or risk of combustion.
NOVELTY - In air zinc cells the air cathode is associated with a solid electrolyte. Auxiliary positive electrodes are used during charging of the battery. The Zn electrode is separated from the positive electrode by a semipermeable membrane.    USE - Used as electrically rechargeable accumulator battery cells.    ADVANTAGE - The air electrode is disconnected during the recharge cycle due to the presence of the auxiliary electrodes so that carbon substances can be used for oxygen reduction without the rapid deterioration which occurred in previous cells. The ability to use carbon rather than the more expensive but less efficient oxygen reducing agents reduces the production cost of the batteries. The semipermeable membrane prevents Zn dendrites from forming short circuits within the cell. Cells has a longer working life and withstand a large number of charge and discharge cycles without deterioration in performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrically rechargeable air zinc accumulator batteries have air cathodes associated with a solid polymeric electrolyte in which ionic conduction is provided by OH- ions. Recharging is accomplished using auxiliary positive electrodes. The zinc electrode is separated from the auxiliary positive electrodes by a membrane that prevents the passage of zincate ions and the progression of zinc from the negative electrode to the positive electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Air electrodes (J)    Zinc electrodes (Q)    auxiliary positive electrodes (G)    sections of the battery casing (A, B, C)    sealing gasket membranes (G, H)    assembly bolts (E)    separators (I)    corrugated connector for air electrodes (K)    air inlets (L, L')    electrolyte replenishment/oxygen release holes (N)    input ports for electrolyte in the zinc electrode compartments (O)    aerosol breakers. (P)
NOVELTY - A battery for underwater use at a pressure at or greater than atmospheric pressure, comprises a pressure- compensation fluid layered on top of the cell electrolyte and having a density between that of the water in which the cell is used, and that of the electrolyte.    USE - In manned and unmanned submarines and bathyspheres used under sea water or ice, and in conditions subject to accidental flooding.    ADVANTAGE - The submersible battery is pressure- compensated to permit safe recharging at depth. The heavier- than-water pressure compensation fluid forms a layer on top of the electrolyte, upon which water would float if a leak occurred, and loss of the compensation fluid does not cause a submarine vehicle to lose buoyancy with risks of uncontrolled descent and crushing of the hull under extreme pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery for use underwater at a pressure at or greater than atmospheric pressure, and having an anode, a cathode and an associated electrolyte in a housing, further comprises a pressure-compensation fluid (I) selected from perfluoropolyether, trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane and chlorinated fluorocarbon polymers, with (I) floating on the electrolyte and having a density between the density of the water in which the cell is being used and the density of the electrolyte.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a multi-cell battery array containing such batteries; and    (2) a method of making such a battery, comprising adding (I) in the battery housing above the electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show batteries according to the invention.    Anode (52)    Cathode (54)    Separator (56)    Electrolyte (58)    Pressure- compensation fluid (60)    Pressure relief valve (62)
NOVELTY - Cathode and anode are provided for lithium ion occlusion release along with a polymer electrolyte. The collector surface is provided with an active material layer, containing a compound, to which occlusion release of lithium is carried out. The mean wire height (Rp) of active material layer surface ranges between 0.1-20 m. A polymer electrolyte layer is formed on the active material layer surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the battery manufacturing method.    USE -   Used for camcorder, audio, portable computer, portable telephone and electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved lithium secondary battery with good cycle characteristic is offered. Product yield is improved and deterioration of characteristic is suppressed.
NOVELTY - The contact part of electrode plates (1,2) with the bottom surface of battery jar (5) is filled with epoxy resin group adhesive (4).    USE -   For electric vehicles, vehicles used for motor sports.    ADVANTAGE -   Vibration-proof property is improved due to formation of strong anchor bond by epoxy resin adhesive. Improves design degree of freedom in relation to shape.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows airtight lead storage battery. (1,2) Electrode plates; (4) Epoxy resin group adhesive; (5) Battery jar.
NOVELTY - Reaction part (2) constituted by catalyst dispersed material, polyelectrolyte resin, and a dispersion medium of the base material is provided in contact with a polymer electrolyte film (1). The resulting polymer electrolyte film gas diffusion electrode (4) is processed by immersion and boiling in acidic solution such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.    USE -   For manufacturing polymer electrolyte film reaction part contact piece for fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves proton conductivity of polyelectrolyte by replacing cation with proton thereby offering higher cell voltage current density characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts model diagram of a cross section of the polymer electrolyte film gas diffusion electrode. (1) Polymer electrolyte film; (2) Reaction part; (4) Gas diffusion electrode.
NOVELTY - The porous electrode base (2) is bonded to catalyst layers (4) at both sides of a polymer electrolyte film (3) using covering sheets (1). Molten metal layers are provided in the covering sheets.    USE -   Used for solid polymer electrolyte type battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies assembling and exfoliating as porous electrode bases are easily bonded to catalyst layers at both sides of polymer electrolyte film. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the disassembled isometric view of the electrode contact piece. (1) Covering sheet; (2) Porous electrode base; (3) Polymer electrolyte film; (4) Catalyst layer.
NOVELTY - A lithium cell has a solid polymer porous film filled with an inorganic solid electrolyte containing lithium ion conductor. The amount of the inorganic solid electrolyte mixed with the porous film is varied between 20-65 wt%.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The lithium ion conductivity of the polymer electrolyte film is improved and the cell has large discharge capacity.
NOVELTY - The battery has anode (1) and cathode (2) separated by a separator (3). Both anode and cathode are made of conductive base material provided with coating film made of coating material containing active material and binder. The binder for the active material has 1-90 wt% of polyester amido group compound and 10-99 wt% of poly vinylidene fluoride group polymer.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery capacitance reduction during repeated charging and discharging is minimized. The battery has high energy density. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional drawing of lithium secondary battery. (1)Anode; (2) Cathode; (3) Separator.
NOVELTY - Acid-proof resin (11) is poured into the clearance formed between internal surface of a bushing (4) and peripheral surface of an electric pole (5). The terminal is formed by burner welding of the bushing and electric pole, after solidification of acid-proof resin.    USE -   For lead storage battery used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents impregnation of electrolyte between bushing and electric pole. Suppresses advance of corrosion. Eliminates gap between bushing and electric pole by pouring acid- proof resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional drawing of terminal. (4) Bushing; (5) Electric pole; (11) Acid-proof resin.
NOVELTY - A valve hole (7) is formed in an anode inner terminal (5). A valve (8) is arranged in the valve hole between the inner and the outer terminals. The valve is made of ethylene-propylene rubber crosslinked with organic peroxide. The compression rate of valve in the valve hole is set as 10% or less. An exhaust hole (9) is formed in an anode outer terminal (6).    USE -   Used for e.g. nickel cadmium battery and nickel hydrogen battery for portable equipment.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces compression strain of valve. Offers stabilized pressure to contact portion of valve and inner terminal for long time period. Reduces leakage of electrolyte from valve hole. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of safety valve built-in anode terminal in alkaline battery. (5) Anode inner terminal; (6) Anode outer terminal; (7) Valve hole; (8) Valve; (9) Exhaust hole.
NOVELTY - A battery case (4) accommodates several batteries (2). A silicon group elastic body (1) is arranged in locations where the case contacts the battery so as to provide buffer function.    USE -   For vehicles such as fork lift truck.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables absorption of vibration and impact at high temperature condition thus preventing degradation in performance. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the battery pack. (1) Silicon group elastic body; (2) Batteries; (4) Battery case.
An electroconductive material is formed by bonding a macromolecular compound and an alkali siloxyaluminate covalently.    Also claimed are compositions for electroconductive materials consisting of a macromolecular compound bearing both an epoxy group and a C=C double bond in the principal chain and a -C=C- double bond in the branch and an alkali siloxyaluminate.    USE -   The electroconductive materials are useful for non-aqueous secondary batteries in coin, button, paper and cylindrical shapes.    ADVANTAGE -   The electroconductive materials have a high cationic transport number, a high ion conductivity, a small polarity and excellent flexibility.
A block-graft copolymer has a ratio of block chain A/block chain B of 1/30-30/1 and has a polymerisation value of 310 or more. The copolymer comprises a block chain A of 10 or more polymerisation value comprising repeating units of formula (I), and the block chain B of 300 or more polymerisation value comprises repeating units of formula (III). In the formulae: R1 = H, methyl or ethyl; R2 = H or methyl; R3 = alkyl, aryl, acyl, silyl or cyanoalkyl; and n = 1-100. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the graft chain shown in formula (II) is 45-4400. In (II): R4 and R5 = H, methyl or ethyl; n = 2 or 3; l + m = 300 or more; l:m=95:5-50:50; and the sequence of l and m is optionally random.    USE -   Used as a film battery.
NOVELTY - The laminated film has an ultraviolet absorption layer laminated on the surface of a thermoplastic film. The pencil hardness of lamination surface of the thermoplastic film is H or more.    USE -   For solar battery covers.    ADVANTAGE -   The laminated film has good weather resistance, transparency, scratch-proof property and flaw resistibility.
NOVELTY - The substrate (1) of the solar battery is made of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, with roughness maintained on its surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of non-crystalline silicon thin film solar battery.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases utilization efficiency of light.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of non-crystalline silicon thin film solar battery. (1) Substrate.
NOVELTY - The substrate comprises of a stainless steel board base (1) with an insulating layer formed on its surface by sol-gel method. The insulating layer imparts minute roughness or waviness to the surface of the substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for insulated substrate manufacturing method.    USE -   In solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The insulating substrate increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar battery. Excels in moisture and heat resistance characteristics. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the insulated substrate. (1) Stainless steel board base.
NOVELTY - An insulated thermo-compression bonding layer containing insulating resin bead (5) such as acrylic resin bead, urethane resin bead of particle size 1-15 m and specific gravity 0.2-0.3 g/cm, is formed on the surface of coating layer having anisotropic electrically conductive property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrically conductive-pattern layer (2) with a predetermined pattern is formed on a flexible insulated substrate film (1). An anisotropic coating layer is formed such that it covers the pattern layer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of anisotropically conductive heat sealing connector.    USE -   For LCD panel, ECD, solar cell.    ADVANTAGE -   As thermocompression bonding layer of fine thickness is formed between minute gaps of conductive pattern, the pattern bonding is raised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of heat sealing conductor. (1) Insulated substrate film; (2) Conductive pattern layer; (5) Resin bead.
NOVELTY - A thermobonding resin layer is formed on one surface of an electricity generation component (1). A metal layer is formed on the thermobonding resin layer does not exist between and an anode lead (9) and a cathode lead (7).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electricity generation component (1) contains a conductive lithium ion electrolyte layer. The anode lead and the cathode lead are connected to the anode and cathode respectively. A laminated film (10) sealed by thermal bonding is formed such that the edges of the lead extends outwardly from the electricity generation component. An insulating resin layer is formed on a laminated film.    USE -   For electronic device.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents short circuit during thermobonding and capacitive evaluation testing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the plan view of the lithium secondary battery. (1) Electricity generation component; (7) Cathode lead; (9) Anode lead; (10) Laminate film.
NOVELTY - A fine porous film (3) with polyelectrolyte is embedded into the space between a positive pole (1) and a negative electrode (2). The amount of polyelectrolyte is nearly 20-90% of the total volume with a porosity rate of 80% or more.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Polyelectrolyte contacts well with the positive pole and negative electrode and makes the lithium ion, to move smoothly due to the increased rate of porosity. The volume variation in the porous film is also suppressed and sufficient high cycle characteristics are obtained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional drawing of structure of the polyelectrolyte battery. (1) Positive pole; (2) Negative electrode; (3) Fine porous film.
NOVELTY - Cathode (2) is wrapped in a porous bag like separator (3) made of polyolefin resin. The width (5) of anode (1) is larger than width (7) between the junction (4) of the separator.    USE -   For lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Short circuit generation between anode and cathode is prevented, since anode has large width and is positioned externally.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the outline of the width between the anode and separator. (1) Anode; (2) Cathode; (3) Bag like separator; (4) Junction; (5,7) Width.
NOVELTY - Water is formed in a combustion region (30) in a battery (10) by combustion reaction of heating gas and oxidizing agent gas and it is supplied to the solid electrolyte film to cool it.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid electrolyte film (12) is arranged between a fuel pole (14) and an oxidizing agent pole (16) in the battery. Heating gas and oxidizing agent gas are supplied to the fuel and oxidizing agent chamber respectively through a fuel feeding pipe (26) and an oxidizing agent feed pipe (28).    USE -   For solid polymer type battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Performs cooling of electrolyte with water formed by combustion reaction thus need for humidifier and its controller becomes unnecessary resulting in size reduction of battery and rise in efficiency of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of solid polymer type battery. (10) Battery; (12) Electrolyte film; (14) Fuel pole; (16) Oxidizing agent pole; (26) Fuel feeding pipe; (28) Oxidizing agent feed pipe; (30) Combustion region.
NOVELTY - Zinc is used as negative electrode reactant, atmospheric oxygen as positive pole reactant and an alkaline water solution as electrolyte. The positive pole consists of a positive pole catalyst layer (5) and a water repellent layer (4) laminated below the surface of negative electrode. A polytetrafluoroethylene film with thickness between 170-600 m of the water repellent layer is unified with the positive pole catalyst layer.    USE -   For hearing aid, pager.    ADVANTAGE -   Shortening of life span of the air zinc cell is prevented. Obtains sufficient discharge characteristic.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows sectional view of air zinc cell. (4) Water repellent layer; (5) Positive pole catalyst layer.
NOVELTY - The air zinc cell uses atmospheric oxygen as an anode reactant, zinc as cathode reactant and alkaline water solution as electrolyte. The anode assembly, separated from cathode surface through a separator (6) has an anode catalyst layer (5), a water repellent layer (4) and an air diffusion layer (3), arranged vertically. The air diffusion layer constitutes a porous film made of polyolefin.    USE -   For hearing aids, pagers.    ADVANTAGE -   As fault generation in polyolefin porous film is avoided during the time of punching process leakage is controlled and sufficient discharge characteristic is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram gives sectional view of air zinc cell. (3) Air diffusion layer; (4) Water repellent layer; (5) Anode catalyst layer; (6) Separator.
NOVELTY - A protective film (13) is arranged on heat sealing portion (12) of the bag.    USE -   For non-aqueous electrolyte battery used in electronic device.    ADVANTAGE -   Protective film arranged on seal bag offers long-term usage of the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure gives the cross sectional view of heat sealing portion of bag. (12) Heat sealing portion; (13) Protective film.
NOVELTY - The co-polymer containing fluoro olefin polymer and hydrocarbon polymer with unsaturated bond is added to the solution containing electrolyte which is dissolved by non-aqueous solvent to obtain polymer electrolyte. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium cell which consists of anode, cathode and polymer electrolyte.    USE -   For electrochemical element such as battery, electrochromic elements and capacitors such as aluminium electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE -   The ion conductivity of polymer electrolyte is improved. The secondary battery has excellent cyclic characteristic by using polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries is made of a copolymer with (a) a segmented polymer chain having the function of maintaining the membrane strength and (b) a segmented polymer chain having the function of holding a non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE - The polymer gel electrolyte is for lithium secondary batteries (claimed) which can be used in audio tape recorders, camcorders, PCs, mobile phones and other small electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is safe and reliable, and has high ionic conductivity, film strength, processability, and stability to chemicals and heat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries is made of a copolymer with (a) a segmented polymer chain having the function of maintaining the membrane strength and (b) a segmented polymer chain having the function of holding a non-aqueous electrolyte. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a binder for lithium secondary batteries produced from the above copolymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Structure of the block copolymer showing various segmented, functionalized polymer chains.
NOVELTY - Solar cells are produced in a continuous process by deposition of a copper-indium-sulfide layer onto a continuous flexible substrate strip by vacuum laser ablation of one or more targets.    USE - In continuous manufacture of thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - An efficient, continuous and reproducible process is provided in which a wide range of flexible substrates may be used and in which impurities in the starting material do not affect the composition of the deposited layer of copper-indium-sulfur material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar cells are manufactured by: continously supplying a flexible substrate strip from a roll to a vacuum deposition chamber; and depositing a layer of material on the substrate by vacuum pulsed laser ablation of targets of one or more of copper, indium, sulfur and gallium and alloys of these. The layer deposited is formed of CuInS2 in which the In may be (partially) replaced by Ga. An alloy of Cu-In-S may be used as a laser ablation target or separate targets may be used.
NOVELTY - A battery sealing structure has a stack inserted into a cylindrical gasket (8) inserted into the open end of a battery housing (2). The stack includes an outer cap (3), a positive temperature coefficient element (4) and a frangible safety valve (5) . The cap and the valve have peripheral burrs for engaging the gasket    USE - Lithium ion secondary batteries for mobile telephones, notebook computers, video cameras, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The seal is suitable for mass production using robots, etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An insulating ring (6) may fit on a stepped part of the safety valve. A stripper (7) on the ring deforms when the valve breaks and cuts the current supply.
A macromolecular component consists of 40-95 pts.wt.-polyvinylidene fluoride, and at least one 5-60 pts.wt.-macromolecule selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, and polybutyl methacrylate. The 100 pts.wt.-macromolecular component is blended with a 50-400 pts.wt.-non-aqueous solvent, and an alkaline metal salt.    USE -   The solid ion conductive compsn. is used in a prim. battery, sec. battery, capacitor (condenser), electrochromic display.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid ion conductive compsn. has good compatibility. The result provides the polyvinylidene fluoride with depressed crystallisation and yields high ion conductivity. Contg. the solvent exerts superior mechanical strength. The polyvinylidene fluoride and the polyalkyl methacrylate are general polymers. The result assures easy prodn. processes and produces the solid ion conductive compsn. at lower costs.
NOVELTY - The heat resistant synthetic resin film has a main thickness of 1-150 m. 0.005-1.0 wt% of inactive fine particles of mean particle diameter 5-150 nm is dispersed in the film with a degree of mean aggregation in the range of 1-100. The film has a roughness height (SRa) of 0.1-10 nm for a cut-off of 25 m. A positive and negative electrification part are dispersed on the film surface simultaneously so that an electrification pattern is formed.    The heat resistant resin is a polyimide resin or an aramid resin.     The film has a surface potential of 0V, a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.5 or less, a strength of 20-60 kg/mm2 , elasticity of 1000-2500 kg/mm2and a rate of heat shrinkage 2% or less at 200C.    USE -   As base film for magnetic tapes, amorphous silicon solar battery, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Thin film is formed stably without peeling or irregular surface.
NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell module (I) comprising a solar cell device (301) having one or more photovoltaic devices connected. The photovoltaic device having at least one semiconductor layer as a light converting member; a light-receiving surface side covering member having a transparent member of the topmost surface and an encapsulating material disposed between the transparent member and the solar cell device; and a non-light receiving surface side covering member having a reinforcing member (I) of the bottommost surface and an adhesive for adhering the solar cell device to (I). The adhesive is put between (I) and the solar cell device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross-section of solar cell module    solar cell device (301)    top encapsulating material (302a)    bottom encapsulating material (302b)    transparent member (303)    insulation sheet (304)    adhesive (305)    reinforcing plate (306)
NOVELTY - Water is added to the reaction gas stream in the gas stream path of the cell so that the cell can be stably operated with simple control of the stream rate.    USE - Non-given    ADVANTAGE - Water can be added to the fuel cell without impairing the characteristic fuel cell properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell consists of a stack of individual cells (20) comprising: (a) a film (3) made of a solid polymer electrolyte; (b) an anode catalyst layer (1) and a cathode catalyst (2) which are connected to each main surface of the film (3) of the electrolyte; (c) diffusion layers (4) conductible and permeable for the gas arranged on the on the surfaces of the catalyst layers (1, 2) ; and (d) separators (7a, 7b) arranged on the surfaces of the diffusion layers. The separators are provided with gas stream paths (6a, 6b). The path (6a) on the anode side for fuel gas and the path (6b) on the cathode side for oxidant are arranged so that electrical energy is formed by an electrochemical reaction, in which at least one of the fuel gas and oxidant flow as mixed fluid with the addition of water in each gas stream path. At least one of the diffusion layers consists of a water-repellent material which is permeable and conductible for gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of an individual cell of a fuel cell.    catalyst layers (1,2)    film (3)    gas stream paths (6a,6b)    separators (7a,7b)
NOVELTY - The solar collector integrates a pressure equalization system (5) and the casing (2) is thermally-insulating. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for a method of producing such a solar collector casing and use of such a solar collector casing integrated into a roof.    USE -   As part of a solar collector which is integrated into a roof (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Provides high and sustained thermal efficiency with stable construction materials and a simple assembly. Waste foam from production is recycled. The drawing shows a partial section through a collector. (2) Thermally-insulated casing, (5) Pressure equalization system.
A polymer electrolyte comprises: (a) a poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) (PVCAC) which is a copolymer containing 5-25 mol.% of a vinyl chloride monomer and 75-95 mol.% of a vinyl acetate monomer; (b) a lithium salt; and (c) an organic solvent mixture containing: (i) ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or propylene carbonate (PC); and (ii) a high-boiling point organic solvent.    The molar ratio of the PVCAC and the lithium salt is 16:12-40:3 and the amount of the solvent mixture does not exceed 81% of the total polymer electrolyte.    USE -   The electrolyte is used for lithium or lithium ion batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte exhibits high lithium ion conductivity, long term electrochemical and dimensional stability, and chemical compatibility.
NOVELTY - The solar panel has a pair of glass plates (2a,2b). A solar battery cell (4) is attached to the internal surface of the glass plate (2b), using an adhesive tape (3). The periphery of the glass plates (2a,2b) is sealed by a sealing material (7) and inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or acrylic resin is filled into the hollow portion between the two glass plates as a filler (5).    USE - Installed in outer wall of residential building, arcade.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates usage of large sized laminator, since the large sized solar panel is made using filler and hence manufacturing cost is reduced. Is attached with barrier walls of a building thereby enabling effective utilization of space. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view of a double sided glass sandwich type solar panel. (2a,2b) Glass plate; (3) Adhesive tape; (4) Solar battery; (5) Filler; (7) Sealing material.
NOVELTY - The secondary battery consists of a non-aqueous electrolyte, a cathode (1) and an anode (2) doped with lithium. The mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride and 5-90 wt% of polyimide is used as anode binder, and the mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride and 1-90 wt% of aromatic polyamide is used as cathode binder.    USE -   For various electronic equipments.    ADVANTAGE -   The cycle characteristic of secondary battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the non- aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. (1) Cathode; (2) Anode.
NOVELTY - Carbon cathode surface reformed by plasma surface treatment permits occlusion of the release of lithium ion. The anode containing lithium ion performs charging and discharging of polymer electrolyte.    USE -   For electric vehicles, camcorder, portable telephone, portable computer, audio apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers high discharge capacity and initial coulomb efficiency. Offers lithium secondary battery with improved cycle characteristics.
A macromolecular solid electrolyte contains at least one of a macromolecule, at least one of an electrolytic salt, and at least one of inorganic oxide particles. Covalent bond is observed between the macromolecule and the inorganic oxide particles.    Also claimed is that its applications include a battery, a electrical double layer capacitor (condenser), or composite electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte has good polymerisation, and good mouldability, easy handling, high ion conductivity, stability. The battery has good current characteristics, long life, safety, superior reliability, high energy density, and no liq. leakage. The electrical double layer capacitor (condenser) has good current characteristics, good cycling, safety, superior reliability, and no liq. leakage. The composite electrode has good adhesion to the macromolecular solid electrolyte.
A new polymerizing compsn. comprises a polymerizing organic cpd., an electrolyte salt, and inorganic oxide fine particles. The inorganic oxide fine particles have specific polymerizing functional gps. of formula CH2=C(R1)COO- (I) and formula CH2=C(R2)CO(OR3)xNHCOO- (II). In the formulae, R1, R2 = H or alkyl gp; R3 = gp. having two bonding hands which can contain hetero atoms; x = 0-10.    Also claimed is the prodn. of solid polymer electrolyte, where the new compsn. is cured by heating and/or light irradiation; and production of batteries or electrical double layer capacitors, where the compsn. is put in a battery structure or on a support and cured by heating and/or light irradiation.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolytes or electrodes for batteries or electrical double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE -   The new compsn. provides solid polymer electrolyte having improved mechanical strength and electrical properties in a simple manner.
NOVELTY - The hose consists of an intermediate reinforcement yarn layer (3) made of reinforcement thread containing 20 wt% or more aromatic polyester threads. The total size of the reinforcement thread is 2000-5500 deniers and the rate of equilibrium moisture content in the reinforcement thread at 35 C and 85% relative humidity is 1.2 wt% or less. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reinforcement yarn layer is formed on the periphery of an inner rubber layer (2) of low moisture permeability. A casing rubber layer (5) of low moisture permeability is further formed in the periphery of reinforcement yarn layer and the hose for coolant transportation is obtained by carrying out normal pressure curing.    USE -   As coolant piping for air-conditioner in motor vehicles, houses.    ADVANTAGE -   Mass production of hose for coolant transportation with high endurance and high pressure resistance is enabled efficiently. Deterioration of product is prevented by normal pressure curing.
An aromatic polyimide film is 10-25 m thick and is made of a polyimide which is prepd. by reacting tetracarboxylic acid and aromatic diamine; the tetracarboxylic acid contains at least 15 mol% of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid or its bi-anhydride or ester; the aromatic diamine contains at least 5 mol% of phenylenediamine. The maximum surface roughness is up to 50 nm. The linear expansion coefficient is 5-20 multiplied by 10 to the minus 6th cm/cm/C. The stretching elasticity is at least 450 kg/mm2. The elongation is at least 15 %. The specific rupture resistance is 11-22 kg/20 mm/10 m. The volatile content is up to 0.5 wt.%.    A laminate is also claimed, which consists of the new aromatic polyimide film laminated with a conductive inorganic material layer; and solar cells are also claimed, which comprises an amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon layer and electrodes on a base of the new aromatic polyimide film.    USE -   As a base film of (amorphous) silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The new polyimide film has good bonding and punching out performance. The solar cell has good durability.
NOVELTY - The porous silicon layer (1) is formed on silicon substrate (17). Minute holes (2) in the porous silicon layer are covered by a transparent titanium oxide film (22).    USE -   For light-emitting diode, laser diode in optical communication equipment and optical IC.    ADVANTAGE -   Adsorption of carbon is suppressed and fine structure of the surface is protected.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element. (1) Porous silicon layer; (2) Minute holes; (17) Silicon substrate; (22) Transparent titanium oxide film.
NOVELTY - The sheet consists of ethylene copolymer containing organic peroxide. The organic peroxide contains dialkyl peroxide (A) and mixture (B) of alkyl peroxy ester and peroxy ketal blended such that the (A)/(B) weight ratio is between 10/90 and 90/10.    USE -   For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE -   Yellowing and swelling of the protection sheet is prevented and the productivity of solar battery module is improved. Excellent external appearance is obtained. Since time-dependent light transmission reduction is suppressed, high electricity generation efficiency is maintained for a long time.
NOVELTY - A porous polymer and electrolyte are heated above 40C to obtain polyelectrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    USE -   For non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Superior safe battery with high charging- discharging characteristics and high density is offered, at low cost by improving utilization factor of active material.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery has an intermediate layer (3) containing water and proton type ion exchange resin powder e.g. amberlite 200 C and IRC-50 formed between cathode and anode side solid polymer electrolyte films (1,2). The water content in the intermediate layer is made to flow and is absorbed by solid polymer electrolyte film.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Catalytic activity of anode is maintained, therefore deterioration of battery characteristics is prevented. The methanol which is not used for the reaction or fuel battery is receivable.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the methanol fuel battery. (1) Anode side solid polymer electrolyte film; (2) Cathode side solid polymer electrolyte film; (3) Intermediate layer.
NOVELTY - A flexible polymer electrolyte film (16) contains an electrolyte in a polymer binder. The electrolyte contains lithium salt and an organic aprotic solvent. The aprotic solvent contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma butyrolactone. A flexible positive pole (18) containing lithium intercalation compound powder is dispersed in a capsule sealing matrix. The positive pole includes 50-70 weight % of manganese dioxide and 2 weight % of carbon.    USE -   For self-output portable apparatus (SSPD) such as radio frequency identification tag, PCMCIA card and smart card in mobile communication.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides electrolyte film of optimum characteristics by controlling quantity of organic solvent and prevents leakage of electrolyte thereby improves performance characteristics of battery. Eliminates danger of exposure of lithium intercalation compound used within positive pole, since capsule sealing of positive pole of battery is carried out into polymer matrix. Discharge time of battery is improved by optimizing carbon content of positive pole.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The figure shows the sectional view of flexible primary lithium cell. (16) Polymer electrolyte film; (18) Positive pole.
NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an enclosure of solar cells; and    (2) a process for installing an enclosure with solar cells by connecting to a collecting box inside a house through holes in the underlying or substrate material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows an example of an installed enclosure.    Solar cell modules (100)    Substrate (103)    Spacer (104)    Connecting member (110)
NOVELTY - In a solar cell a pattern of electrodes (10, 17) is connected to silicon elements (18), and a transparent protective layer (16) are provided on a carrier strip (1).    USE - As solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell unit has high flexibility and is easy to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell unit (19) has a carrier strip (1) and connecting solar cells based on amorphous silicon electrically coupled to each other. A pattern of electrodes (10, 17) is connected to silicon elements (18), and a transparent protective layer (16) are provided on a carrier strip (1).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is the production of the solar cell unit comprising:    (1) applying a pattern of first electrodes (10) on the carrier strip at distances from each other;    (2) applying coverings (11, 12) with free spaces for the first electrodes (10);    (3) depositing amorphous silicon layers on the surfaces of the first electrodes (10) forming silicon elements;    (4) applying a pattern of second electrodes (17) on a transparent protection foil (16); and    (5) applying the foil to the silicon elements (18) forming contacts between silicon elements (18) and second electrodes (17).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the solar cell unit.    Carrier strip (1)    First electrodes (10)    Coverings (11, 12)    Transparent protective foil (16)    Second electrodes (17)    Silicon elements (18)
A polyamide resin compsn. comprises a copolymer contg. dimer acid and has an inherent viscosity of 0.1 dl/g or more.    Also claimed is a nonaqueous electrolyte sec. battery of which positive electrode and/or negative electrode uses the polyamide resin compsn. as a binder.    Also claimed is a circuit board using the polyamide resin as an adhesive.    ADVANTAGE -   The polyamide resin has improved flexibility, coloring property and solvent solubility without imparing original thermal resistance and chemical resistance.
NOVELTY - A catalyst dispersed polyelectrolyte resin is heated to a temperature lower than the decomposition temperature of the polyelectrolyte resin. The viscosity of catalyst dispersed material is adjusted and it is molded to form the reaction film, attached to polymer electrolyte film (1) to form an unification which is then attached to a gas diffusion material (3).    USE -   For solid poly-electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers excellent supply of reacting gas. Has high amount of catalyst per unit volume and high catalytic activity. Offers high proton conductivity. Super electricity generating capability is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of gas diffusion electrode. (1) Polymer electrolyte film; (3) Gas diffusion material.
NOVELTY - The battery includes an anode (14) and a flexible polymer cathode (18) containing manganese dioxide, carbon and an electrolyte contained in a polyacrylonitrile polymer binder. The electrolyte used, is lithium salt dissolved in an organic aprotic solvent which contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone.    USE -   For radio frequency identification tag, PCMCIA card, smart card.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has improved design. Enhances safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of primary battery. (14) Anode; (18) Cathode.
Binder for electrochemical system with non-aqueous electrolyte contains acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose with average molecular weight &gt;200000.    Also claimed is an electrochemical system containing the above binder.    Binder contains 50-70, preferably 60-70, wt.% rubber and 30-50, preferably 30-40, wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose.    Claimed system is rechargeable lithium accumulator comprising negative electrode containing the binder.    The negative electrode contains active material selected from metal oxides, sulphides, nitrides, and carbides, and it contains &lt; 6, preferably about 3, wt.% binder.    System also includes positive electrode containing active material based on transition metal lithium oxides.    Electrolyte is a solution of conducting salt dissolved in solvent selected from organic carbonates, alkyl esters, cyclic compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen, and ethers.    USE -   In electrochemical systems, e.g. rechargeable accumulator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Binder provides improved adhesion with active electrode materials, and it is more stable than binders used in earlier work.
A method of making an electrochemical cell component comprising a polymer comprises mixing a primarily vinylidene fluoride (VdF) polymer with at least one other ingredient of the component, and extruding the mixture at a temperature above the melting point of the polymer to melt-cast a non-porous film or sheet of the cell component.    USE -   In an electrical cell as a composite electrode or electrolyte layer (all claimed), preferably in a lithium swing cell (i.e. without lithium metal) with a composite extruded anode and cathode, each comprising a polymer and appropriate insertion materials, and separated by an extruded electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   The process avoids the need to evaporate large quantities of a low-boiling solvent, as required in a solution casting process.
An ultraviolet light stabilization additive for use in an encapsulant comprises two hindered amine light stabilizers providing thermal oxidative and photo-oxidative stabilization respectively.    Also claimed are: (i) a solar cell module comprising at least one solar cell having a transparent encapsulant on at least one surface comprising a polyethylene copolymer and the stabilization package above, a transparent front support and a back skin layer at a rear surface of the encapsulant. (ii) a transparent laminated member comprising front and rear supports and the stabilized transparent encapsulant layer above. (iii) a method of making a solar cell module (40) comprising positioning the encapsulant layer (10) above on the solar cell and placing them between a front support (26) and back skin layer (28) as above. (iv) a method of making a transparent laminate as above comprising placing the encapsulant above between two support layers and laminating.    USE -   For solar cell modules and in laminate glass applications for windscreens on automobiles and architectural glass    ADVANTAGE -   The problems of using EVA are avoided and the material is non-tacky, non-yellowing and easy to handle. A UVA absorber is not needed nor a phenolic antioxidant.
Vinylidene fluoride comprises 50-97 mol.% vinylidene fluoride monomer units and 0.1-5 mol.% units derived from an unsaturated dibasic acid monoester or an epoxy vinyl monomer, with crosslinking.    USE -   Used for gel form solid electrolyte formation, especially when coated with powdery electrode material and used as the middle gel layer between positive and negative electrodes in a non-aqueous lithium ion battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Has improved ionic conductivity, better adhesion to a collector base, and greatly improved heat resistance. Batteries made with them have improved properties.
An encapsulant comprises a layer of metallocene polyethylene sandwiched between two layers of an acid copolymer of polyethylene.    Also claimed are:    (i) a solar cell module comprising solar cell(s) (22), a transparent encapsulant (10) which is adjacent to a surface of the cell, a light-transmitting front support layer (26) adjacent to a front surface of the encapsulant and a back skin layer (28) adjacent to a rear surface of the encapsulant.    (ii) a laminated transparent member comprising front support layer, encapsulant layer and rear support layer as above.    (iii) a method of making the encapsulant above comprising placing layers of the acid copolymer adjacent to a sheet of metallocene polyethylene.    (iv) a method of making a solar cell module comprising placing the encapsulant above adjacent to one surface of a solar cell and positioning them between a front support and backskin layer.    (v) a method of making a laminated transparent member comprising forming the encapsulant above, placing between two support layers and laminating to encapsulate the support layers with the encapsulant.    USE -   As solar cells and encapsulants for solar cells, laminated glass for windscreens, architectural glass and other applications    ADVANTAGE -   The encapsulant has greater mechanical strength and puncture resistance and gives and increase in cell short circuit current. Bond strength is good and sealing effective, the material is not tacky and does not need special storage.
NOVELTY - An electrode (12) extends outside the light receiving surface of a solar battery cell (10). A cooling pipe (28) containing coater is provided on the extended portion (15), to bring down the temperature of solar battery.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the entire solar battery is cooled uniformly, recombination loss is also minimized and the electricity generation efficiency of the cell is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery module. (10) Solar battery cell; (12) Electrode; (15) Extended portion; (28) Cooling pipe.
NOVELTY - An anode (3) and a cathode (1) with respective anode and cathode layers (7, 5) and a separator layer (2) with polymer capsules containing non-aqueous electrolyte, plasticiser and active material are arranged, suitably. The plasticiser is extracted from the layers using a non-combustible liquid. The anode, cathode and the separator layer are impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Superior polyelectrolyte secondary battery has high safety, and is suitable for mass production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure (1) shows the laminated state of negative electrode, separator layer and positive electrode of secondary battery. (1) Cathode; (2) Separator layer; (3) Anode; (5) Cathode layer; (7) Anode layer.
NOVELTY - A specific solid polymer electrolyte (12) consisting of copolymer is interposed between positive and negative electrodes (11,13) which are made of respective active materials. The copolymer in the electrolyte, contains 5-70 mol% of glycidyl ether and 30-95 mol% of ethylene oxide. The degree of polymerisation of the copolymer ranges between 1-12.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Possesses large charging and discharging capacity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the battery. (11,13) Positive and negative electrodes; (12) Solid polymer electrolyte.
A macromolecular electrolyte is a crosslinking polymer obtd. by crosslinking a crosslinking polymer having a structure of formula -(X-N(Y))n- (I) and contains a 10-100 wt.%-crosslinking polymer having 10 wt.% or more of a water-insoluble portion at room temp. X = a divalent gp. of -CO-CFZ-SO2-, or -SO2-CFZ-CO; Z = a fluorine atom, or CF3; Y = an atom selected from a hydrogen atom and divalent of more of a metal atom; 50-98% of Y = a hydrogen atom; 2-50% of Y = divalent or more of a metal; n = 2 or more.    USE -   The new macromolecular electrolyte is used in a proton conduction type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular electrolyte has high proton conductivity. The resulting fuel cell has low decrease in voltage caused by over-voltage, and has superior performance to that afforded by conventional materials, and has synthesis easier than that of the conventional materials.
The polymer having repeat units of formula (1) -(-X-N(-Y)-)n - is new,X=divalent group of -CO-{CF(CF3 )-O-CF2 }a-CFZ-SO2 -, or -SO2 -CFZ-{CF2 -O-CF(CF3 )}a -CO-, Z=F or CF3, Y= optionally one or more of alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, rare earths, ammonium, and/or H; a=integer of 1-5, n=positive integer of 2 or greater.    USE -   The new functional high polymer is used as high polymer electrolyte to be used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The new functional high polymer is used as high polymer solid electrolyte having higher ion conductivity. The new functional high polymer can be used as high polymer electrolyte for fuel cells, with which voltage drop due to excess voltage can be reduced.
NOVELTY - A resin made battery pack receptacle (5) has a unit cell (3) with plane of composition (3a) and an opposing unit cell (4) having plane of composition (4a). The opposing unit cells are unified at the junction by ultrasonic welding of the welding rib (4c). A wiring circuit connects the unit cells. The receptacle also has a recess (3d) isolated and formed in the plane of composition (3a), so that the welding rib is fitted into the recess area.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery pack has excellent failure-proof property at the time of removal and has excellent shock resistance. Rupture generated while removal is also eliminated and a reliable battery pack is provided.
A substrate for an ion conductor comprises a polymer or molecule capable of sustaining ion conduction with a boroxine ring bonded to it which captures anions from a dissolved salt. Also claimed is an ion conductor comprising the substrate as above and a salt combined with the substrate.    USE -   As ion-conductive substrates for solid-state lithium secondary batteries, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The problems of loss of conductivity caused by ion pairing and anion blocking are overcome, since anions are captured by the boroxine ring and cation transport is enhanced.
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) pastes or gels are prepared by mixing and dissolving a polymeric PBI powder in an acid solution.    Also claimed are: (i) a PBI paste or gel having a phosphoic acid solution content of 70-99 wt. % and about 0.01-30 wt. % PBI; (ii) the PBI paste or gel; (iii) a fuel cell, optionally comprising a fabric coated with the paste or gel; (iv) a polymeric fabric or film coated with the paste or gel; and (v) a method for preparing an electrode for use in fuel cells comprising coating the electrode with the paste or gel.    USE -   The PBI paste/gel useful as electrolyte in fuel cells, especially chlorine-resistant cells, or in the preparation of adhesives.    ADVANTAGE -   Has improved electrochemical properties compared to prior art electrolytes.
NOVELTY - The cell has a polymer electrolyte containing a copolymer as matrix. The copolymer has fluoride vinylidene expressed as -(CXY-CZ(OR1 ))- where X, Y, Z are the same or different and are chosen from among hydrogen, fluorine and chlorine atom and R1is univalent organic group of (1-22)C. A solvent is included in the copolymer, for dissolution of lithium salt.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   A superior lithium cell with stable cycle life characteristics is offered.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte containing a lithium salt dissolved in a solvent is held in a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix is a blend of a fluorine polymer which is fusible in the electrolytic solvent and a fluoride vinylidene polymer which has a melting point more than 50C.    USE -   As power supply of electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has good maintenance property by offering excellent life cycle and superior stability.
NOVELTY - The battery has sheet-like anode and cathode (1,2) with a separator (3) in between. The conductive base of the anode has a coating film containing an active material and a binder. The binder contains a polytetrafluoroethylene and a modified polyolefin.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The deterioration of anode active material is reduced and lithium secondary battery of high volume is obtained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of lithium secondary battery. (1) Sheet-like anode; (2) Sheet-like cathode; (3) Separator.
(DE19839244-A1)   NOVELTY - A surfactant is added in amounts of 0.01-5 wt % to an electrolyte for a lithium ion battery comprising a lithium salt dissolved in an organic solvent mixture.    USE - Lithium ion batteries are used in camcorders, laptops and mobile phones etc.    ADVANTAGE - Addition of the surfactant reduces the decomposition of the electrolyte by promoting the formation of a uniform and compact solid electrolyte interface film on the negative electrode. This extends the service life of the battery and increases its irreversible capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a lithium ion battery containing the above electrolyte, especially a battery containing a positive electrode made of a lithium composite oxide, a negative electrode of carbon material, and a surfactant-modified electrolyte as above.
Electrochemical accumulator comprises a generally cylindrical or prismatic chamber containing liquid electrolyte and an electrochemical set comprising at least an alternation of a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode; said accumulator comprising, at least partially between the closed end of the chamber constituting the base, and the electrochemical set, at least one electrolyte reserve comprising porous material in contact with said set; said porous material, a pololefin which is optionally hydrophilic, being resistant to electrolyte, not less hydrophilic than separator, and practically incompressible.    USE -   As electrochemical accumulator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Accumulator has smaller volume than those constructed in previous work.
A bipolar cell for a gas depolarised rechargeable battery, comprises (a) an electrically conductive bipolar plate having a base and an upwardly and outwardly tapered peripheral wall; (b) a hydrophobic insulating coating composed of a chlorofluoro-olefin polymer bonded to the interior and exterior surfaces of the peripheral wall; (c) a condensed phase electrode proximate the base; (d) a gas electrode including a condensed current collector for a gaseous active material; and (e) a dielectric separator between the condensed phase electrode and the gate electrode. The insulating coating is oriented to enable gas passage from the cell past an adjoining cell to a bulk gas storage region within the battery. Also claimed are (i) a bipolar rechargeable battery and (ii) a process for producing an improved bipolar plate for a gas depolarised rechargeable battery.    USE -   Used in gas depolarised rechargeable batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   A hydrophobic insulation coating is provided which has excellent affinity and retention properties for the metallic cell cups or dishes used in a bipolar battery. The coating adheres to the metallic dish even after extended periods of exposure to the highly alkaline electrolyte and the severe electrochemical and thermal environment typical of that inside a spacecraft battery, without the need for a primer coating or perforations.
NOVELTY - The light incidence side of a photovoltaic cell (101) of a solar-battery module consists of a filler (102) and a surface protection material (103). The filler comprises a non-crosslinked organic polymer resin (107) and a crosslinked organic polymer resin (106). The crosslinked organic polymer resin bridges upper and lower sides of the non-crosslinked polymer with the surface protection material and the photovoltaic cell, respectively.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in weather resistance and moisture resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (102) Filler; (103) Surface protection material; (106) Crosslinked organic polymer resin; (107) Non-crosslinked organic polymer.
NOVELTY - The electrodes and separator (18) are immersed in an electrolyte (22) contained in a receptacle (20). A number of microcapsules (24) comprising temperature reducing liquid sealed inside a skin layer made of polymer resin are added to the electrolyte. When the temperature of the electrolyte exceeds a predetermined value the skin layer melts. The temperature reducing liquid flows out of the capsules and mixes with the electrolyte.    USE -   For prevention of short circuit.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids combustion inside battery in the event of any short circuit, by reducing temperature rise of electrolyte. Prevents pressure build up inside battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows (a) an isometric view of the electrodes and (b) cross sectional composition of the battery. (18) Separator; (20) Receptacle; (22) Electrolyte; (24) Microcapsule.
The solid electrolyte composite film comprises three-dimensional skeleton consisting of crosslinked polymer, and carbon fluoride electrolyte reinforced with the three-dimensional skeleton.    USE -   The solid electrolyte composite film is used as electrolyte for the solid high polymer type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte composite film for fuel cells, having improved mechanical strength, and thinner thickness, can be obtd. The solid high polymer type fuel cell, having higher density electric output, can be obtd.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte layer (1) is enclosed on either sides by a pair of electrodes (4A). The electrode comprises an electrode catalyst layer (2A) formed on porous carbon substrate (3). The electrode catalyst layer comprises mixture of non- fibrillation type fluororesin and catalyst grains which are not deformed even when shearing force is applied.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Obtains superior electricity generation characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fragmentary sectional view of single cell. (1) Electrolyte layer; (2A) Electrode catalyst layer; (3) Substrate; (4A) Electrode.
A new solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) comprises an electrolyte and a polymer which has poly- or oligo-oxytetramethylene gps. of formula (1) in its cross-linking chains or side chains. -(OCH(R1 )CH(R2 )CH(R3 )CH(R4 ))n- n = an integer equal to or larger than 1; R1 to R4 = H, 1-5C alkyl and/or alkoxy gp.    USE -   For batteries or electrical double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE -   The new SPE has a higher ionic conductivity, good thermal stability, and good processability.
A polymer solid electrolyte compsn. (X) is characterised in that a polymer component (A) comprising 20-90 wt.% of a thermoplastic polyester elastomer (a) and 10-80 wt.% of a polar group-containing rubber (b) is mixed with an electrolyte solution (B) containing dissolved alkali metal.    USE -   (X) is used as an ionic conductor (Y) for Li secondary cells and capacitors.    ADVANTAGE -   (Y) has high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.
The Li battery has electrolyte consists of a copolymer electrolyte of a matrix of a polymer unit based on vinylidene fluoride and a polymer unit based on (polyfluoroalkyl) ethylene, and the soln. of solvent of Li salt and solvent which can dissolve Li salt.    USE -   The Li battery is used for the case which good cycle life is required.    ADVANTAGE -   The Li secondary battery has good electrolyte holding property, good stability, and good cycle life.
NOVELTY - The cell has anode, cathode and electrolyte. The electrolyte consists of fluoro olefin polymer and hexa fluoro acetone polymer. A polymer electrolyte solution obtained by dissolving lithium salt in solvent.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery used in electronic device.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers cell with high stability and good maintenance property.
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte contains solvent which dissolutes lithium salt. Copolymer of fluoro olefin and vinylene carbonate are also added.    USE -   For electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE -   Superior lithium secondary battery which excels in lithium ion conductiveness and a cycle life is obtained.
NOVELTY - A solid state polymer film (1) is provided, on whose both sides a proton conductivity polymer layer (8) and catalyst layer (7) are laminated sequentially. The EW of the proton conductivity polymer layer is different from that of the solid state polymer film.    USE -   Used for solid state polymer type fuel battery for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Water ejection capability of the catalyst layer is improved. Membraneous drying is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the cell structure of the solid state polymer type fuel battery, which is applied to the film and electrode contact piece. (1) Solid state polymer film; (7) Catalyst layer; (8) Proton conductivity polymer layer.
Composite electrolyte comprises solid polymer electrolyte which contains at least one kind of electrolyte salt and at least one polymer and 1-50 wt.% alumina fine particles which have a BET specific surface area of at least 50 m2/g, a maximum particle dia. of up to 5 microns, and a water content of up to 3,000 ppm as measured by Karl Fisher titration. The composite electrolyte has a water content of up to 100 ppm as measured by Karl Fisher titration and a free acid content of up to 100 ppm.    A battery using the new composite electrolyte is also claimed.    USE -   For secondary lithium batteries, esp., lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new composite electrolyte provides a thin battery with a higher current output, a higher energy density, and a longer charge-discharge cycle life,
A new organic electrolyte soln. contains alumina fine particles, organic solvent, and electrolyte salt. The alumina fine particles have a BET specific surface area of at least 10 m2/g, a maximum dia. of up to 5 microns, and a water content as measured by Karl Fischer titration of up to 3000 ppm. They are added to the organic electrolyte soln. in an amt. of 0.05-30 wt.%. A battery using the new organic electrolyte soln. is also claimed.    USE -   For batteries, esp., secondary lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new organic electrolyte soln. has a higher ionic conductivity, promoting cation transfer. The battery using the new organic electrolyte soln. provides a higher current output, a higher energy density, and a longer charge-discharge cycle life.
NOVELTY - A polyimide group resin coating, whose thickness ranges from 5-50 m, is formed on the base material made of stainless steel. The surface roughness (Rmax) of the coating ranges from 0.01-1.0 m and the pitch of protrusion is 1-10 m.    USE -   For solar battery, photosensor, optical switch.    ADVANTAGE -   Possesses high thermal resistance. Increases photoelectric conversion efficiency.
An electrically and thermally conductive composite material comprises a homogeneous physical mixture of greater than micron size non-conductive sinterable grains or granules and sub-micron or micron size conductive particles in the form of a monolayer joined to each grain or granule surface. Preferably, the non-conductive sinterable material is a glass or an organic polymer, preferably a polymer or copolymer of a 1-4C alkene or of a vinyl compound. Also claimed are: (i) a sintered conductive composite material obtained by sintering the above conductive composite material; (ii) a sintered part of the above conductive composite material; (iii) a bipolar plate of the above conductive composite material in sintered form; and (iv) a fuel cell containing the above bipolar plate. Further claimed is a process for preparing a sintered part of the above conductive composite material by moulding and sintering a homogeneous mixture of the grains or granules and the conductive particles.    USE -   Used especially for production of a bipolar plate for a fuel cell, particularly a PEM fuel cell for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The conductive composite material has high electrical and thermal conductivity at minimal content of expensive conductive particles and allows simple and inexpensive production of parts especially of complicated shape.
A process for separation of the components of a composite glass pane, having one or more inorganic glass panes bonded to a plastic layer, involves heat treating the pane in a gas atmosphere by heating at 50C/min to 300C and holding at this temperature until the plastic layer is decomposed and/or evaporated. Also claimed is apparatus for carrying out the above process.    USE -   The process is used for thermal treatment of composite glass panes having (i) one or more panes of soda-lime silicate glass or borosilicate glass; (ii) one or more plastic layers of aliphatic or aromatic polyurethanes, polyvinylbutyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, acrylic acid derivatives (e.g. n-butyl acrylate), epoxides and/or silicones; (iii) electrical components such as aerial elements, heater elements, alarms and/or solar energy conversion elements; (iv) solar cells, especially of silicon, copper-indium diselenide, gallium arsenide or cadmium telluride; or (v) one or more further glass panes bonded to the plastic layer, especially spacer-containing insulating glass panes or composite safety glass panes (claimed). The process is particularly useful for recycling of photovoltaic solar modules.    ADVANTAGE -   The process produces reduced heating of sensitive components (e.g. solar cells), thus allowing their non-destructive recovery.
A solar collection unit comprises a frame, self-supporting insulating panel, absorber, thermal insulation and a transparent cover. The frame is made in a new construction, of cavity panel (1) e.g. double glazing polycarbonate, and aluminium connecting sections (2). The base is also cavity panel. The insulation (3) comprises post-expansive raw materials.    The transparent cover is polycarbonate. The absorption pipes (6) are plug-connected (4) to the header pipes. Preferably the transparent covering is pushed into connecting sections, and held flexibly by a silicone-based sealant. The cavity panels are acrylic plastic, polystyrene or similar. The angle sections are rubber, rubber mixtures, or non ferrous metals.    USE -   As a lightweight solar connector.    ADVANTAGE -   The new construction achieves light weight and durability, by eliminating glass, replacing it with thermally-efficient double glazing. The new frame uses simple, conventional sections.
The module has solar battery elements (1) mounted on a flexible substrate. A main wiring (2) is formed on either sides of each solar battery element. A wiring (3) connects each solar battery element and the main wiring.    A pair of protection films (4) is formed in which the pinched element and main wiring are sealed. A connection member (5) which has a connection electrode (52) on an insulated sheet (51) is sealed inside the protection film. So that the connection electrode gets connected to the main wiring.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves versatility. Improves weather resistance reliability. Improves fraction defects and working houses.
Vinylacetate copolymer for a gel polymer electrolyte compsn. usable in a L i-secondary cell comprises a cpd. of formula (1). R1 = H or CH3; R2 = a gp. of formula -COOR3 (2) or 1-pyrrolidone; m,n = integer, ratio m/n is (50-99)/(1-50). Gel polymer electrolyte compsn. comprises the copolymer 20-30 w t%, inorganic filler 5-20 wt% and an electrolyte soln. (Li-salt dissolved in a non-protonic solvent) 60-80 wt%. Also claimed is a vinylacetate copolymer for a gel polymer electrolyte compsn. usable in a Li-secondary cell comprises a cpd. of formula (3). A = carbonyl gp. of formula -CO- (4) or maleic anhydride gp. of formula (5); x,y,z = integer, ratio of x/y/z -s (60-90)/(10-40)/(0-20).    USE -   Used in Li-secondary cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Product has high ion conductivity.
A new heat-insulating transparent porous body made of silica aero-gel contains a resin which is soluble in a solvent used for critical drying, a visible light transparency of at least 80 %, and a thermal conductivity of up to 1 W/m-K. The prodn. of the new heat-insulating transparent porous body is also claimed, where metal alkoxide is hydrolysed and polycondensed to obtain a wet gel; the solvent contained in the wet gel is replaced by another solvent; the wet gel is subjected to critical drying after it is aged. The solvent used for critical drying is the one which dissolves a resin having a visible light transparency of at least 80 % and a thermal conductivity of up to 1 W/m-K. The resin is involved in the wet gel in the solvent substitution, aging, or critical drying step. The temp. of the critical drying is lower than the thermal deformation temp. of the resin. A new composite glass or a new solar collector which has the new heat-insulating transparent porous body in it is also claimed. A new dryer used for critical drying is also claimed, which is equipped with supply lines for the solvent and resin.    USE -   For composite glass or solar collectors.    ADVANTAGE -   The new porous body is easy to handle, having higher visible light transparency and heat-insulating performance.
The following is applied to one surface or both the surfaces of an unset thermosetting silicone rubber sheet having thickness in the range of 0.1-10 mm: (a) an inorganic fine powder having a particle dia. in the range of 0.001-100 micronmetres; or (b) an organic fine powder having a particle dia. in the range of 0.001-100 micronmetres and a softening temp. of 200 deg. C or more.    USE -   The protective sheet is used as a sealer for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   The protective sheet has superior transparency, adhesion, weather resistance, and fire retardancy. Long-term, stable power generation is observed even if the solar battery module is used in the severe environment. Superior mouldability is also observed. The result reduces fraction defective in assembling the solar battery, and enhances efficiency.
A film consists of a powdered thermoplastic silicone resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C, or a thermoplastic silicone resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C. The film is deposited on one surface or both the surfaces of an unset thermosetting silicone rubber sheet having thickness in the range of 0.1-10 mm.    USE -   The protective sheet is used as a sealer for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   The protective sheet has superior transparency, adhesion, weather resistance, and fire retardancy. Long-term, stable power generation is observed even if the solar battery module is used in the severe environment. Superior mouldability is also observed. The result reduces fraction defective in assembling the solar battery, and enhances efficiency.
A protective material uses thermosetting silicone rubber. The prodn. comprises: (a) forming the thermosetting silicone rubber to a 0.1-10 mm-thick sheet; (b) preparing a film consisting of a thermoplastic powdered polyolefin-based resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C or a thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C; (c) previously depositing the film on one surface or both the surfaces of the unset sheet; (d) sticking the resulting layered prod. to one surface or both the surfaces of a solar battery element; (e) setting and moulding the layered prod. with deaeration applied to the layered prod. by pressurisation or pressure reduction at 100-200 C to the layered prod.    ADVANTAGE -   The protective sheet has superior transparency, adhesion, weather resistance, and fire retardancy. Long-term, stable power generation is observed even if the solar battery module is used in the severe environment. Superior mouldability is also observed. The result reduces fraction defective in assembling the solar battery, and enhances efficiency.
The battery has an electrochromic remnant capacity display element (10) which functions based on voltage detection. The display element is made of conductive polymers such as polyaniline. A counter electrode (13) made of zinc and proton conductivity solid polymer electrolyte based ionic conduction layer (15) are provided to activate the display element.    ADVANTAGE -   Resists influence due to external temperature variation. Facilitates display of capacity in usage state without spending battery energy.
NOVELTY - The active material is obtained from an aqueous solution of nickel and cobalt having 9-25 mol.% cobalt, aqueous caustic alkali and ammonium ion compounds supplied continuously. The half peak width of the diffraction pattern of the active material surface is 0.5-10. The tap density of cobalt-nickel hydroxide used as raw material is 2.0-2.4 g/ml.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the anode active material. The cobalt-nickel coprecipitated hydroxide and lithium are mixed so that the (Li/(M=Co+Ni)) mole ratio is adjusted within 1.0-1.1 and leaves an aggregate of fine coprecipitated hydroxide particles. The mixture is then baked for 8-20 hours in an oxygen atmosphere from 620-730C.    ADVANTAGE -   The charging efficiency of the secondary battery is improved. The battery had good cycle characteristics.
The set consists of several unit cells (1) arranged inside a metal casing (2). A terminal board (8) is provided with positive and negative output terminals (9,10). The cells are arranged in a group by suitable series or parallel connection of the cells. The anode and cathode (3,4) of the groups are connected to the respective output terminals using lead wires (5,6). An insulating layer (17) is arranged on the inner walls of the metal casing.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains insulation between metal casing and output terminals using simple structure.
Polymeric separator for electrochemical system with organic electrolyte consists of a polymeric elastomer; an optional polymer which inflates with electrolyte and which forms an alloy with the elastomer; and an optional inorganic compound; the separator has microporous structure with porosity = 30-95%, and pore diameter = 0.1-5m. Also claimed are method for making the separator; battery using the separator and its manufacture.    USE -   As separator for electrochemical system with organic electrolyte (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Separator has good intrinsic mechanical properties and good affinity with electrolyte.
Method of making battery with unitary structure and organic electrolyte which contains couple comprised of two electrodes each of which has coating of active electrochemical material; a separator; and an adhesive is claimed. Method comprises (a) making first electrode which has primary coating containing active electrochemical material; and secondary porous coating, which acts as separator, consisting of polymeric material; (b) making second electrode which has porous coating containing active material; (c) making adhesive comprising solution of polymer in solvent; applying adhesive to porous coating of one electrode and then contacting it with other electrode to form a couple; and (d) drying couple.    USE -   In making battery with unitary structure (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Method comprises a small number of simple stages; and battery is obtained with minimised dimensional variations.
A cell comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gelated electrolyte composed of a high molecular material containing polyacrylonitrile and having solubility parameter of 8-15 (cal/cm2)1/2, a mixed solvent and an electrolyte salt composed of LiPF6. The mixed solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and a third non-aqueous solvent which is 1 selected from dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propionate and ethyl propionate.    USE -   For non-aqueous secondary electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE -   A carbide film is formed on the electrode surface, on contact with the flame, as a result of the carbonisation of the high molecular material and the carbonisation accelerating operation of LiPF6. This carbide film inhibits inflammation for realising superior combustion retardant properties. The cell has a high energy density and high energy density, and is safer.
A regenerative photovoltaic cell (1) has current collector areas (3,6) electronically isolated from each other by ion-permeable material (7), on a substrate. One of the areas is composed of a conductive porous material encapsulated with a dye-coated semiconductor functional coating (4) to give electronically interconnected nanocells. The areas are in electrical contact via an electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   The cell can be manufactured economically, even constructed on flexible materials, and are capable of efficiently converting light into electrical energy. Light transparent electrode arrangements are not required.
A composite electrolyte comprises; (a) surface-modified fumed silica filler, surface-crosslinked with polymerisable groups to give a three-dimensional structure; (b) a dissociable lithium salt; and a bulk medium containing (a) and (b) above.    Also claimed are: (i) an electrochemical cell comprising anode, cathode and the electrolyte claimed above interposed between them; (ii) a battery comprising anode, cathode with the electrolyte above between them; and (iii) a method of producing the electrolyte above comprising reacting fumed silica with a surface reactive monomer to modify the surface and contacting it with a bulk medium comprising the lithium salt, an initiator and a monomer which does not react with the silica surface but can react with the polymerisable group; the mixture then being formed into a defined geometry and polymerised so that the polymerisable groups on the silica surface become bonded and a three-dimensional composite is formed.    USE -   As electrolytes for electrochemical cells and batteries    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has good mechanical properties, high conductivity at room temperature and is easy to process.
Crosslinkable polyether copolymer comprises: (A) 1-99 mol.% repeating units derived from a monomer of formula (I), (B) 99-1 mol.% repeating units derived from a monomer of formula (II), and 0-15 mol.% repeating units derived from a monomer which contains one epoxy group and at least one reactive functional group and has weight average molecular weight = 104-107. In (I), R1 = divalent organic group.    Also claimed is a solid polymer electrolyte containing the polymer, an electrolyte salt compound, aprotic solvent, and as plasticiser metal salts and derivatives of linear or branched polyalkylene glycols with number average molecular weight of 200-500 and metal salts of the derivatives.    USE -   Used to fabricate solid polymer electrolyte which can then be applied to the production of batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Solid polymer electrolytes made with the polymer have superior processability, mouldability, mechanical strength, softness and heat resistance, and good ionic conductivity.
In a fuel cell having an electrode/electrolyte unit which is located between two outer plates (2, 3) and which consists of a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the electrodes, the edges of the outer plates (2, 3) project beyond the electrode/electrolyte unit to define a peripheral space which is filled with a seal of curable sealing material. Preferably, the seal consists of curable plastic moulding material such as PVC, polyester or liquid acrylic glass. Also claimed is a fuel cell stack consisting of several interconnected (preferably series-connected) fuel cells (1) as described above.    USE -   Especially as a low power fuel cell for schools, leisure activities or demonstration of fuel cell technology.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel cell is inexpensive to produce for low power applications and operates safely.
High barrier non-foil laminate composition comprises: (a) an outer heat stable layer; (b) a barrier layer; and (c) an inner layer that readily adheres to metal with the application of heat.    USE -   Used for prevention of corrosion of metals by chemicals, especially in batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The laminate adheres strongly to metals with the application of heat.
A membrane made of sulphonated perfluorinated polymer having pores partially filled with zirconyl phosphate.    USE -   The membrane is useful for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The deposition of zirconyl phosphate in the pores of the membrane minimises the diffusion of methanol and water from the anode to the cathode compartment of fuel cells thus improving the performance of the fuel cell.
A transparent conductive sheet, comprising a curable resin sheet, a gas barrier film (comprising an inorganic oxide), and a conductive film.    USE -   The transparent conductive sheet is useful for a display device such as LCD, or solar cell conversion device etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The transparent conductive sheet shows excellent rigidity, gas barrier property and chemical resistance. The transparent conductive sheet is lighter than the products employing glass substrates and has excellent impact resistance.
A battery has a sealed one-piece container which has 1-50 (preferably 5-20) cell cavities and which is made of a polymeric material consisting of 95 (preferably 97) wt.% polypropylene and balance ethylene-propylene copolymer, the polypropylene having 55-65% crystallinity as measured by x-ray diffraction.    USE -   As a sealed, high capacity (10-250 Ah), high energy (greater than 55 Wh/kg) battery, useful for electric vehicle applications.    ADVANTAGE -   The container material has greater gas impermeability and better mechanical properties (especially rigidity, cold tensile, impact and creep strengths and weldability) than conventional polypropylene.
The protection sheet consists of a fluororesin film on which a silicon oxide thin film is formed. The oxygen transmittance of the sheet is below 5cc/m2*day*atm, steam transmittance is below 5 g/m2*day and light transmittance is 80% or more. The thickness of the silicon oxide thin film is 150- 500 and its adhesion intensity is 200 g/15 mm or more.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in several physical properties. Stabilizes capability of solar battery module.
The composition contains more than one kind of groups chosen from a polymer having lithium occlusion characteristics, a carbon material, a metallic oxide or a nitrogen compound. The polymer electrolyte contains lithium metal and a substance with reactive functional group.    USE -   For defence purpose.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhances battery safety by preventing heat generation during high temperature exposure and in charging condition. Improves battery lift characteristics. Suppresses lithium dendrite during quick charging.
The battery has two gas diffusion metal electrodes, with a gas separator arranged between them. An adhesion film containing carbon is made to adhere in the contact surface of the gas separator.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers high battery output and forms thin adhesion film. Offers inexpensive fuel battery. Reduces contact resistance of gas diffusion electrode and adhesion film.
NOVELTY - The apparatus (1) is equipped with a lamination chamber (10) with a diaphragm (11) for pressing the lamination body. A vacuum chamber (20) is arranged in upstream side of the lamination chamber. Several heaters (21,22) are provided to heat the fillers provided inside the lamination body (P) in the vacuum chamber. The fillers are dissolved and pressed to form the product.    USE -   For manufacture of laminated solar panels.    ADVANTAGE -   The manufacture time is shortened and continuous production is performed. Heating time is reduced and fusing is reliably maintained. The filler is melt and hardening in the middle of a lamination is prevented. Simultaneous heating of several laminated bodies is enabled.
The photoelectric cell has an insulated substrate (2) functioning as a support base. A first electrode (4) which performs photoelectric conversion is arranged on the substrate, in contact with the under surface of an amorphous silicon (6). A battery body (9) consists of a metal electrode (12) of a second electrode (5) which contacts the exposed upper surface of the amorphous silicon. A protection layer (8) made of a thermoplastic norbornene group resin possessing low hygroscopic property, covers the upper surface of the battery body. A transparent adhesive agent (7) bonds the protection layer and the battery body.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases efficiency of incident light without moisture absorption. Is light weight.
The battery includes a positive pole board (2) and a negative pole board (1) which are spirally wound, separated by a film (3). Non woven fabric pads made of polypropylene are interposed between the positive and the negative pole boards.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables effective absorption of electrode expansion. Improves charging and discharging efficiency.
The cell has an anode and cathode with polymer or graft copolymer electrolytes. A solvent which performs dissolution of a lithium salt is contained in the polymer electrolyte. The electrolyte has a glass transition temperature of more than 50C. The melting point of the electrolyte in less than 40C.    USE -   Used for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Has excellent stability of polymer electrolytes. Improves charging discharging cycle durability by raising adhesion between electrode active material and polymer electrolyte.
The battery includes an anode, a cathode and aprotic property electrolyte thin film which has fine porous polyolefin layer as base material. The polyolefin layer contains a substance which has affinity for aprotic type electrolytic solution.    USE -   For portable telephone, portable information terminal.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables high rate of discharge by securing quick ion diffusion. Reduces oxidation and reduction of organic electrolyte. Improves charge and discharge characteristics. Restrains self-discharge at high temperature.
The Li secondary battery is provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode and organic electrolyte. The negative electrode contains Li combined nitride expressed by: Lia MbN (M = metal component; a = number of Li atoms per one N atom; and b = number of metal atoms per one N atom). (a) is &gt;3.0 at battery operation.    USE -   The Li secondary battery is used for portable electric instrument.    ADVANTAGE -   The Li secondary battery has high output voltage and high energy density.
The cathode has a composite coating layer formed on the collector surface, as a carrier for active material. The composite layer has a polyamide binder resin, to which grains of carbonaceous materials are bonded. The polyamide resin has a breaking extension degree of 50% or more and a viscosity of 0.3 dl/g or more.    ADVANTAGE -   Has excellent workability, charging-discharging characteristics. Prevents generation of crack and peeling of electrode layer. Uses polyamide resin which has excellent solubility, chemical resistance, flexibility, electrolyte resistant property and dispersibility.
A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is equipped with a negative electrode consisting of a Li-contg. Si oxide having a compsn. expressed by Lix SiOy , a positive electrode consisting of a Li-contg. Mn oxide having a compsn. expressed by Lia Mnb, and a gasket, between negative and positive cans, comprising polyphenylene sulphide resin.    USE -   The non-aq. electrolyte secondary battery is used for high temp. applications.    ADVANTAGE -   The secondary battery is provided with a gasket with which high temp. treatment is possible.
A non-aqueous electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), as solvent, with a vol. ratio of EC:PC of 10:1 to 10:8. Also claimed is the battery containing the electrolyte.    USE -   For personal computer, telephones, VCR's, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved battery safety. Low decomposition at high voltage, and high Li ion mobility in the electrolyte. Excellent charging and discharging properties are also maintained.
Production of an ion-exchange membrane comprising a polymer film comprises activating the film, grafting dissolved styrene and chloromethyl styrene on the film and functionalising the grafted groups by sulphonation using a sulphonation agent and then hydrolysing using a basic solution to give sulphonate groups on the styrene and alcohol groups on the chloromethyl styrene. The above obtained membrane, a separator and a fuel cell for alcohol-based fuel incorporating it are also claimed and the production of the separator by metallising the above membrane on both sides.    USE -   Used as a separator in a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Good mechanical properties, particularly electron transport and electrochemical activity and low transmission of ethanol.
A cell comprises: first and second electrodes, separator and electrolyte; a two-part conductive housing, the first part being a can connected to the first electrode and the second part being a cup connected to the second electrode; and an insulating gasket (1) having an outer wall (3) spaced from an inner wall (7), thereby defining a U-shaped groove (9), a rigid rib (11) extending across the gasket. The cup edge is compressed into the gasket groove and the gasket base (5) is compressed against the periphery of the first electrode. The rib supports the central area of the first electrode to reduce bowing of the central area.    USE -   Especially with a zinc-air miniature battery. (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The ribbed gasket is simple and low cost. It reduces bowing of the flat first electrode during assembly and provides maximum space and capacity for the second electrode.
Macromolecule matrix adapted for solid electrolytes, comprises sulphonated polyvinylidene fluoride.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte-gel with good ion-conductivities is obtd..
The anti-static film having a sheet resistance of 50-500/ every pore and a specific resistance of 2.510-4cm consists of a high polymer film (1), an organic layer A (2), a non- crystalline transparent anti-static layer (3), an organic layer B (4) and a thermoplastic resin layer. The thickness of non-crystal transparent anti-static layer is 200-1500 Angstrom.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides flexible antistatic film with superior transparency, gas barrier property, heat resisting property and adhesion property.
The heat shrinkable polystyrene type tube is formed by stretching a tube made of a mixed polymer to shrink ratio of not more than 40 % in the longitudinal direction and not less than 40 % in the radial direction, as measured in hot water at 100 deg. C for 30 seconds. The mixed polymer is produced by compounding 3 - 50 wt.% (based on the total wt. of the mixture ) graft copolymer with a styrene type copolymer made from a styrene type monomer and a (metha)acrylic ester. The graft polymer is produced by copolymerisation of a methacrylic ester and an aromatic vinyl, with a butadiene rubber and/or copolymer particles made from butadiene and/or, a dominant amt. of butadiene and a smaller amt. of a monomer copolymerisable with the butadiene. Also claimed is a lithium ion secondary cell of which the outer peripheral surface of the cathode is shrink-coated with the above heat shrinkable polystyrene type tube.    ADVANTAGE -   The tube is superior in impact resistance, and cold-hot ( minus 30 deg. C, 60 deg. C) impact resistance.
NOVELTY - The tube is obtained by partial or complete hydrogenation of a block copolymer, which consists of a styrene-group hydrocarbon block and a conjugated diene hydrocarbon block, to which a styrene-group polymer is compounded. The mixed polymer is then shaped, moulded and extended, such that the tube contracts 40% in length and 40% in diameter, when immersed in hot water (100 C) for 10 seconds.    USE -   For use as cover or case of a battery.    ADVANTAGE -   A superior polystyrene-group tube having heat-shrinking properties is obtained, and fold-whitening is not produced.
An adhesive film (13) is stuck to at least part of light receiving and non light receiving surface sides of a solar cell module (10). At least part of a solar cell array is installed by connecting, in series or parallel, each block of cells. Solar cell modules with adhesive films of different colours are stuck as above, then the adhesive films are removed.    USE -   To install solar cell modules which have a surface unlikely to receive damage due to mechanical impact. To provide modules with outermost surface of a peelable, coloured, light transmissive protective part.    ADVANTAGE -   Installation workability and mountability of the modules are enhanced and installation costs are reduced.
Production of flexible solar foils comprises transferring thin films made of polymers permeated with bacteriorhodopsin onto metallised foils and/or foils having an electrically conducting layer, and joining them to transparent electrically conducting foils as counter electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   The foils give a high energy output and have a high stability.
The electrolytic fluid monitor comprises a conductive probe composed of antimonial lead adapted for insertion in to the battery fill opening. The depth of insertion corresponds to a minimum acceptable fill level for battery operation. The probe provides a variable voltage representation of the electrolytic voltage when in contact with the cell electrolyte.    A glass infused polypropylene housing prevents the probe from contacting the battery case at the opening. The probe is connected to the monitoring circuitry which, includes conductors enclosed in an acid resistant coiled cable, and reverse polarity protection and over voltage protection. An operational amplifier [9b] is configured as a comparator for comparing the operation of the cell. The voltage produced is compared to a reference voltage and delivering current to an LED [10] if the input voltage exceeds the reference voltage.    USE -   Device can be used in all battery cells of 12 and 24 volt dc mobile equipment systems, in low light conditions.    ADVANTAGE -   Illumination of the LED indicates that a correct level of electrolyte exists in the cell. System is operative at temperatures down to minus fifty fahrenheit and can be tested by merely touching the probe to the battery positive terminal. Provides a simple and portable warning device.
A battery tester (I) comprises (A) a heating element adapted to be coupled to opposite terminals of a battery for generating heat in response to current supplied from the battery and (B) a indicator overlapping a portion of the heating element and having a visual property that changes in response to the heat generated by the heating element. A portion of the heating element is made from a variable resistivity material that changes resistivity in response to ambient temperature. Also claimed are (i) a battery label (II) comprising (I) mounted on a label substrate. (ii) a battery comprising an electrochemical cell having a positive terminal and a negative terminal and having the battery label (II) adhered to an outer peripheral surface of the electrochemical cell.    USE -   The battery tester (I) is useful for indicating the state of charge of a battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The tester (I) is small and compact and provides an accurate indication of the state of charge over a wide ambient temperature range.
The lithium cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises polymer electrolyte having matrix of copolymer contg. polymerising units based on vinylidene fluoride and polymerising units based on perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether), where a part of fluorine is opt. substd. with chlorine or bromine, and contains soln. consisting of lithium salt solute and solvent in which lithium salt can be dissolved.    USE -   The lithium cell can be used as a lithium primary cell and a lithium secondary cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The lithium secondary cell, having improved durability in charge-discharge cycle, can be obtd.
Thin porous paper consists of paraaramid pulp having freeness in the range of 20 to 250 ml, a paraaramid single fibre having fibre diameters in the range of 0.8 to 3 deniers and fibre lengths in the range of 3 to 15 mm, and a thermosetting resin. The wt. of the paraaramid single fibre is 15 to 60 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of the paraaramid single fibre to the paraaramid pulp in all.    USE -   The thin porous paper is used in a filter, and a battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The thin porous paper has thinness, low basic weight, and superior penetration strength. A small max. hole dia. is observed, resulting in less pin holes.
A solar generator for a vehicle, in the form of a sliding roof, comprises a pane of glass (1) and a solar cell field made of numerous crystalline and electrically connected solar cells under the glass. The cells are located in an elastic plastic material between the glass and a cover film (4), and the glass, plastic and cover film form a laminate. The solar cell field is only slightly smaller than the free outer surface of the glass. The roof lid has a polyurethane based frame (6) which covers the outer edges of the solar field from below.    Use - The arrangement is used as a vehicle solar generator in a sliding roof.    Advantage - The arrangement is light in weight and produces a relatively high energy output.
The battery consists of an anode pole, cathode that are laminated in a solid polymer electrolyte. Clay compound is included in the polymer electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Has high ionic conductivity and energy density. Excels in film characteristics. Provides safety during pressure application short circuit test.
The battery (1) has an anode (12) and a cathode (13) situated on either surfaces of a solid body polymer film (11) at its centre. The anode and cathode side collectors (40,41) are attached along the periphery of the polymer film. The size of the collector is larger than that of the adjacent electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Ensures reliable and durable gas seal structure.
The battery has a cathode and anode poles in between which a separator with fine pores is interposed. A dendrite-like metal precipitation is formed on the cathode. Two compositions, the first composition with melt index 0.35 or more melting point (T1) and the second composition with melting point (T2) greater than reaction temperature (T3) of the reaction between the non-aqueous electrolyte and dendrite-like metal precipitate, are provided in the separator of which at least the first composition covers the cathode. The separator is fused with the electrodes at temperature (T1) which is less than the reaction temperature so as to suppress reaction due to overcharge heat.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents reaction between electrolyte and dendrite-like metal precipitated on cathode. Offers safety during overcharging condition.
The battery includes a metal case (1) that has a rectangular opening in the upper portion. An electrode (4) is arranged in the case. A metal sealing board (d) having a rectangular terminal cap (5) is fixed on the case. The sealing board has a rectangular elastic valve (7) and a cover plate. The elastic valve consists of ethylene propylene copolymerisation rubber. A pair of position regulation ribs (7a) in the elastic valve are compressed by the terminal cap. The sealing board is welded to the case through an insulated gasket (3).    USE -   Air-tight battery for portable apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables easy control of valve of working pressure of safety view. Prevents deformation of battery case and stabilises battery characteristic for long time.
The structure includes thermobonding resin layers which are formed on either sides of a metal layer of an outer cladding body. A pair of metallic collector tabs (7,8) are arranged in the anode and cathode holes. Each collector tab is drawn out from the derivation portion of the outer cladding body. The thermobonding of the modified resin layers is carried out in-between the tabs and the outer cladding body to seal the derivation portion.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces invasion of moisture and oxygen to battery. Prevents reduction of battery performance during long term preservation. Improves reliability of battery by preventing internal short circuit.
The battery consists of an outer cladding body (4) containing a laminate film. The laminate film is formed by a metallic foil and a thermo bonding property resin film. The outer cladding body covers a battery element (10). A positive pole (2) and a negative electrode (3) which forms the terminals are provided protruding from the cladding body. Aramid film (5) is formed at the junction of the terminal and the boundary portion of the outer cladding body.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhances safety of battery. Maintains weight reduction of battery.
The battery consists of an anode plate, a cathode plate, a separator that are laminated in solid electrolyte. The laminated structure is wrapped with a multilayered resin film. An impact absorption layer is provided in the interlayer of multilayered resin film.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents battery-jar from damage by providing multilayered resin film.
The substrate (10) has a thin metal plate (12). A polyimide film (14) with thickness 3-10 micrometers is stuck on the metal plate (12) using an adhesive layer (16).    USE -   Solar battery, reflective LCD and EL display devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides substrate without generating pin holes economically and stably. Does not generate curl or curvature by corrosion.
One or more solar battery cells are formed by depositing an opto-electric conversion layer, and electrodes on a substrate. At least connections between the solar battery cell(s) and wiring for externally delivering power are sandwiched by a weather-resistant resin film consisting of an ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer through a sheet-like adhesive for sealing. Oxygen, and nitrogen are contained on the surface of the resin film.    USE -   The solar battery module is stuck and fixed to a translucent substrate made of glass, glass windowpane, flat-, or curved-wall, or sheet-like leisure goods.    ADVANTAGE -   The ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer contg. the oxygen, and the nitrogen evolves an -OH gp., -COOH gp., NH3 gp. on its surface. The gps. enhance adhesive strength stability with respect to the sheet-like adhesive, including an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a good hydrophilic property. The hydrophilic property enhances cleaning by rain water. The solar battery module is easily stuck to the flat-, or curved wall or support and has superior durability.
The main component of the negative electrode active material is silicone, and electrolytic soln. contains salt contg. carbon.    USE -   The non-aq. electrolyte battery is used for the case which long durability is necessary.    ADVANTAGE -   The non-aq. electrolyte battery has high safety, high voltage, high capacity, and high energy density, and good charge and discharge cycle characteristics.
A lithium battery has an electrolyte with the following copolymer as a matrix. The copolymer consists of a polymeric unit based on vinylidene fluoride, and a polymeric unit having a side chain containing -CF2COOLi- or CF2SO3Li.    USE -   The lithium battery is particularly a secondary lithium battery. Selecting cathode or anode active material allows the use of the lithium battery as a primary battery or a secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The polymer electrolyte has a good solvent holding property, high ion conductivity, and stability. The polymer electrolyte has good adhesion to electrode active materials. The resulting lithium battery has superior charge-discharge cycle durability.
A cell module includes an electrolyte which contains a copolymer containing 40/60-70/30 wt. ratio of polymer units such as vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene. A solvent which dissolves a lithium salt is present in the electrolyte.    USE -   For electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains adhesion of polymer electrolyte and electrode active material. Offers battery with good charging and discharging characteristics.
A cell is equipped with a solid electrolyte film formed between positive and negative electrodes. The solid electrolyte film consists of a porous film of polyalkylene oxide subjected to biaxial extension process. The porosity of the porous polyalkylene oxide film is 70-95% and it has an average pore size of 1.2-6.0 m. The thickness of the porous film is 5-70 (preferably 10-50) m. The polyalkylene oxide film is formed in presence of organic solvent and lithium salt. The organic solvent or electrolyte and lithium salt contribute ion conducting property.    ADVANTAGE -   Has high battery discharge capacity and high mechanical strength.
A battery consists of a positive pole (1) which contains oxides of lithium and a cathode which is made of carbon material. A separator contains a porous film with gel-like polymer. The bubble point value of the porous film is 0.1-100 Kgs/cm2and its porosity is 40-90%.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhances charging and discharging characteristic of battery. Suppresses generation of short circuit. Maintains ionic conductivity in battery.
The module includes a copolymer containing 30-70 wt.% of tetrafluoroethylene polymer units, 8-50 wt.% of hexafluoropropylene polymeric units and 13-32 wt.% vinylidene fluoride polymeric units. The electrolyte also contains solvent which dissolves a lithium salt.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers good durability and charging and discharging characteristic of battery.
A cell module includes an electrolyte which contains a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene in a weight ratio of 75/25-25/75.    USE -   For electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves charging and discharging cycle characteristics, durability and stability of battery.
An electrode consists of a catalyst layer and is gas permeable. The catalyst contains two or more kinds of proton conductive polymers which differ in their EW.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables discharge of water formed quickly due to use of polymer of high EW. Provides stable cell voltage.
The method involves coating active material layer on a collector surface, using an active material and a binder. A peeling sheet comprising a thermoplastic resin layer is bonded on the area from which active material layer is to be removed, by thermo compression bonding. The peeling sheet cooled and then removed, thereby peeling the active material layer from the desired area. Then, arbitrary patterns are formed on the collector surface.    USE -   For lithium ion secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Forms accurate arbitrary patterns by preventing generation of powder during peeling.
The manufacture involves forming a fine through hole in a polymer film by extension method. The polymer is made to absorb moisture in the electrolyte and thus it is made to swell.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers high rate of charging and discharging. Enables efficient movement of ions. Uniform spreading of electrolyte around entire electrode. Provides battery with high energy density and volume. Ensures sufficient battery performance with improved safety.
The battery consists of lithium as cathode (2), porous carbon as anode and thionyl chloride as electrolyte. The anode and cathode are isolated by the glass fibre isolation papers (4, 5, 8). Epoxy resin is used as a binder in isolation papers.    ADVANTAGE -   Restrains voltage drop. Improved mechanical strength of isolation paper.
A macromolecular electrolytic medium contains an electrolyte consisting of: (a) a macromolecular matrix consisting of a copolymer of a polymeric monomer of formula (1) and a crosslinking agent of formula (2); (b) a polymerisation initiator; (c) an inorganic salt; and (d) a solvent. The macromolecular electrolytic medium contains a vinylidene fluoride-based resin and/or N,N-diethyl acrylamide.    CH2=C(R1)-CO-N(R2)-R3 (1)    CH2=C(R4)-CO-(-OCH2CH2-)n-OOC-C(R5)=CH2 (2)    R1 = a hydrogen atom, or methyl gp.; R2 and R3 = hydrogen atoms, methyl, ethyl, propyl, dialkylamino propyl[-C3H6N(R')2 ;    R' = a 1-6C alkyl gp.] and hydroxyethyl (CH2CH2OH) gps.;    R4 and R5 = hydrogen atoms, or methyl gps.;    n = 3-300.    Also claimed is that the prodn. comprises: (a)mixing the polymeric monomer of formula (1) with an electrolyte consisting of the crosslinking agent of formula (2), the polymerisation initiator, the inorganic salt, and the solvent; (b) adding the vinylidene fluoride-based resin and/or the N,N'-diethyl acrylamide to form an electrolytic compsn.; (c) polymerizing the electrolytic compsn.    Also claimed is that a lithium sec. battery uses the macromolecular solid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic electrolyte having high ion conductivity is contained in the macromolecular matrix. The result leaks no electrolyte and yields flexibility. The resulting macromolecular solid electrolyte is easily formed into a desired shape. The lithium sec. battery evolves less deterioration caused by pressurisation and thermal change in producing the lithium sec. battery. The resulting lithium sec. battery has superior electro-chemical characteristics.
Aprotic electrolytic soln. is fixed on a polyolefin film having fine pores and contg. wax having affinity to the aprotic electrolytic soln.    USE -   The aprotic electrolytic thin film is used for fuel cells, batteries, separating membrane, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Large area aprotic electrolytic thin film is formed easily, and has long period stability.
Aprotic electrolytic soln. is fixed on a polyolefin film having fine pores and has affinity to the aprotic electrolyte.    USE -   The aprotic electrolytic thin film is used for fuel cells, batteries, separating membrane, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Large area aprotic electrolytic thin film is formed easily, and has long period stability.
The photothermal hybrid panel is formed by connecting a heat collection panel (12) to the back side of a solar cell panel (11) while forming the heat collection panel (12) by connecting a heat collection plate (121) to a heat transfer pipe (122) for passing a heat exchanger fluid. The solar cell panel (11) and the heat collection panel (12) are fixed integrally and their peripheral edge portions are sealed by a high polymer sealing member (13).    USE -   The photothermal hybrid panel is suitable for converting sunlight to electric power.    ADVANTAGE -   Water resistance, moisture resistance and impact resistance of the photothermal hybrid panel are improved.
The photothermal hybrid panel is formed by connecting a heat collection panel (3C) to the back side of a solar cell panel (2) in a heat transferrable manner. The heat connection panel (3C) is formed in a hollow box shape by a top plate portion (31) used as a heat exchanger plate for transferring solar heat to a heat exchanger fluid, a bottom plate portion (32) used as a base plate, side plate portions (33), partition ribs (34) arranged on the inside surface of the bottom plate portion (32) so as to form a passage (Fa) for the heat exchanger fluid in the panel and an inlet opening (35a) and an outlet opening (35b) for the heat exchanger fluid on the side plate portion (33).    USE -   The photothermal hybrid panel is suitable for converting sunlight to electric power.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar heat is transferred to the heat exchanger fluid uniformly through the whole back side of the solar cell panel.
The fuel battery includes platinum-ruthenium catalyst layers (22,23) provided between a polymer electrolyte film (10) and a fuel pole (11). The catalyst layer (23) which contacts with the polymer electrolyte film contains 50 weight % of ruthenium and other catalyst layer (22) which contacts with the fuel pole contains 50 wt.% or more or ruthenium.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents pollution of catalyst in fuel pole by carbon monoxide present in heating gas. Offers battery with excellent voltage characteristics.
A glass-polymer composite electrolyte comprises: (i) a glass electrolyte which includes at least one lithium compound and at least one compound from B2O3, P2S5, SiS2 and GeS2; and (ii) a polymer electrolyte.    Also claimed are: (a) a battery formed using a glass-polymer composite electrolyte as above; and (b) a method of preparing a glass-polymer composite electrolyte as above which comprises: (1) heating a mixture of at least one lithium compound and at least compound from B2O3, P2S5, SiS2 and GeS2 at 700-900C; (2) forming a glass electrolyte by cooling the mixture; (3) mixing the glass electrolyte and a polymer electrolyte to produce a composite electrolyte; and (4) shaping by compressing the composite electrolyte at 60-110C.    USE -   The electrolyte is for rechargeable and non-rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte is easy to handle, has a relatively high mechanical flexibility and ion conductivity, and shows no side-reaction of a glass electrolyte and a polymer electrolyte.
Solar cell has a flexible substrate (11) with a photoelectric conversion layer (14) deposited on it, which is formed by a laminate layer of non-single crystalline silicon thin films. The substrate has a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 2.0 ppm/C to 10.0 ppm/C, and is made of an alloy of iron and nickel, the nickel content being 30-51 wt.%. Production of the solar cell is also claimed, in which the nickel content of the alloy corresponding to the voltage state is controlled to act on the photoelectric conversion layer.    USE -   As an electrical energy source.    ADVANTAGE -   The planarity of the cell is improved to reduce deformation and warpage during production.
NOVELTY - A non-poisoning fuel cell driven by hydrogen and a carbonaceous fuel includes an anode having a side facing the electrolyte formed of an atomic hydrogen-conducting electrocatalytic metal membrane.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Complete oxidation of the C fuel to CO2 is achieved in room temperature operation, so that problems of CO poisoning of the anode are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The membrane stores and diffuses hydrogen in atomic form. The membrane has an absorption side and an insertion reaction side comprising electrocatalytic metal particles.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for generating electricity. The method comprises:    (1) electro-oxidizing the C material on the insertion reaction side;    (2) reacting the product with H2 passed through the membrane;    (3) further electro-oxidizing the reduction reaction product to form carbon dioxide; and    (4) reducing oxygen to water at the cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a non-poisoning fuel cell    Cathode (1)    Air or O2 input (2)    Water output (3)    Non-poisoning anode (4)    Net of capillaries (5)    H2 Supply (6)    Steam reformer (7)    C fuel supply (8)    CO2 output (9)    Electrolyte (10)
NOVELTY - A metal hydride alloys, which comprise an organically soluble metal hydrides and single molecular layer transition metal dichalcogenides, are new.    USE - Metal hydride alloys is used for applications in hydrogen storage, as solid fuels, and in electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - These alloys have exhibited improved qualities in battery applications. They have exhibited also a superior performance in electrochemical cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metal hydride alloy materials comprise of formula: MX2Y    MX2 = single molecular layer type transition metal dichalcogenide;    M = V, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W;    X = S and Se; and    Y = organic-solvent soluble metal hydrides    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (A) A method for producing a metal hydride alloy which comprises:    (a) providing a solution comprised of a soluble metal hydride and an organic solvent;    (b) providing a suspension comprised of single molecular transition metal dichalcogenide particles homogeneously dispersed in an aprotic solvent;    (c) combining the solution with the suspension;    (d) agitating the materials to cause the hydride in solution to be coated, or included, layers of the dispersed transition metal dichalcogenide particles; and    (e) recovering the precipitate, which is comprised of the soluble metal hydride/transition metal dichalcogenide alloy; and    (B) A method of replacing a protic solvent which comprises:    (a) providing a suspension with a pH = 6-8 consisting of exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenide particles suspended in a protic carrier liquid;    (b) applying centrifugal force to cause the liquid and the solid particles to separate;    (c) removing the liquid layer;    (d) adding a miscible aprotic solvent to replace the liquid layer; and    (e) agitating to create a dispersion.
NOVELTY - A conductive member forms two lands on one face of the plate with a flow channel passing between them to carry a fluid for a fuel cell assembly. The member provides a path to the second face of the plate for current generated by the cell. A brace for part of the channel is provided by nonconductive material.    USE - Fluid flow plates formed of conductive and nonconductive materials for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Decreased usage of expensive conductive material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a plate having on one face nonconductive material providing two flow channels separated by a land. A conductive member provides an electrical path between the two faces of the plate; and (b) the fabrication of a geometric feature having simple and complicated aspects on the surface of a fluid flow plate of conductive and nonconductive material by forming the simple aspect in conductive material then forming the periphery of the face of nonconductive material including the complicated aspect.
NOVELTY - The sputtering target consists of a zinc oxide sintered compact. The electrical resistance of the compact surface is 3104/square unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the sputtering target. Zinc oxide powder is casted and subjected to baking, to obtain a zinc oxide sintered compact. The surface of the compact is polished and the compact is heat treated after an appropriate time.    USE -   For thin film formation for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrical resistance of the compact surface is reduced, by which sputtering is stabilized. Thin film of good quality is obtained.
A conductive ceramic includes a perovskite crystalline phase including La, Cr and Mg as the metallic elements, as a main crystalline phase, further includes an oxide phase including at least La. x, y, z, u, v and p satisfy that u/(x+y+z+p) = 0.0001 = 0.20; (y+v)/(x+y+z+p) &gt;0.20 - 0.60, (y+z) &gt; 0.20, p/(x+y+z+p) = 0.01 - 0.15, R = La, or La and rare earth element excluding La, M is Al, or Al and at least one kind of Ni, Co and Mn, x, y, z, u, v and p are numbers representing the atomic ratio, and x, y, z and p are respectively atomic ratio of R, Mg, Cr and M in the perovskite crystal.    ADVANTAGE -   The sintering property and the high electric conductivity can be improved.
NOVELTY - The original fuel from which sulfur is removed, in a desulfurization reactor (2), is supplied to a fuel modifier (1) to generate hydrogen rich gas from it. A supply unit supplies or stops the hydrogen rich gas to desulfurisation reactor depending on conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The desulfurization reactor detachably attaches desulfurization catalyst by which reduction process is performed. The supply unit supplies hydrogen rich gas stored in hydrogen storage unit to two or more desulfurization reactors or stops the supply.    USE -   For generating hydrogen rich gas from alcoholic fuels such as gas of hydrocarbon methanol used in fuel battery electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the apparatus has supply unit to supply and stop hydrogen gas to desulfurization reactor, reduction of desulfurization catalyst by hydrogen gas is performed. It is a process which repeats operation and stoppage of fuel modifier which is suitable for small fuel battery electricity generation system. The exfoliation of desulfurization catalyst is performed simply so the need to be managed if interchange of desulfurization catalyst in predetermined amount using desulfurization catalyst is eliminated so reactor size is reduced. The sulfur content in original fuel is removed during operation of fuel modifier by desulfurization catalyst which is exchangeable. Deterioration of modification catalyst in fuel modifier during starting, by sulfur content is prevented.
NOVELTY - A heat insulation layer (8) is provided at least at a portion of inner surface of inner tube (2) of the modifier to suppress heat recovery. The heat insulation layer comprises a cylindrical sleeve (7) and an elastic heat insulation material (6).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sleeve is shaped as trumpet in the end portion. A modification catalyst layer (5) is provided between inner and outer tubes. A gas guide (3) is provided at upper end of the inner tube. The end portion of inner tube is communicated to outer tube to provide a cyclic flow path for raw gas.    USE -   The modifier is used in fused carbonate type fuel battery plant (claimed). A preheater is provided in the plant to heat the raw gas before entering the modifier and a combustion chamber is provided for carrying out modification of gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat withstanding property of reaction tubes is improved by the provision of heat insulation layer. More than 600 C of modified gas can be attained without affecting the reaction tubes. Avoids installation of heater in the gas supply line. Raw gas is directed smoothly to the inner tube by the provision of gas guide and by the trumpet shaped end portion of heat insulation sleeve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal part sectional diagram of modifier. (2) Inner tube; (3) Gas guide; (5) Modification catalyst layer; (6) Elastic heat insulation material; (7) Cylindrical sleeve; (8) Heat insulation layer.
NOVELTY - Methane contained in gas mixture which contains carbon dioxide or water, is made to react with CO2 or H2O, in the presence of metal catalyst (104) whose surface is actuated by plasma discharge, so as to obtain hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide obtained is reacted with water to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is separated from carbon dioxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Carbon dioxide obtained as byproduct during chemical reactions, is made to react with methane to synthesize hydrogen further. Alternatively, hydrogen is synthesized by partial oxidation of methane with oxygen.    USE -   The method is used in synthesis of hydrogen gas which is used in electric power generation fuel battery (claimed) used in electrically driven vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -    Hydrogen gas is synthesized efficiently by actuating catalyst surface by plasma discharge. The problem of poisoning by carbon monoxide is avoided. Use of heater for raising the temperature of hydrogen synthesis apparatus is avoided, since the plasma discharge process is utilized. Initiation time for synthesizing operation is reduced. Deterioration of surface of metal catalyst and hence catalyst activity are prevented. Hydrogen gas is obtained efficiently by the reaction of methane with either oxygen, CO2or water. Pure hydrogen gas separated from carbon monoxide is supplied to the battery and hence fuel battery efficiency is improved remarkably. Composition of fuel battery is simplified since both the reactions of hydrogen extraction and CO processing are done inside the gas reactor simultaneously. Gas reactor size is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the gas reactor used in hydrogen synthesis. (104) Metal catalyst.
NOVELTY - The copper complex compound catalyst which has an oxidation potential of 1-2V is used for reduction.    USE -   For oxygen reduction electrode of fuel battery, oxygen, sensor. For reduction of dissolved oxygen in water.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces dissolved oxygen content, efficiently and with high stability.
NOVELTY - The method involves impressing a magnetic field to a molten silicon (1). The molten silicon is slowly cooled from its lower portion and a polycrystalline silicon (2) which is precipitated is grown continuously upwards.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Size of the crystal is increased. Conversion efficiency of the solar battery is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the manufacture of the polycrystalline silicon. (1) Molten silicon; (2) Polycrystalline silicon; (5) Susceptor; (6) Raw material silicon.
NOVELTY - The precursor such as CuInSe2 or Cu(In,Ga)Se2 group containing III-VI group element compound, an alkali metal compound and I group element are heated at predetermined temperature in specific atmosphere to obtain compound semiconductor.    USE -   For thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces porosity and shunt path and thus defective formation in I-III-VI group compound semiconductor crystal is reduced. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 type materializes uniform crystal group and thereby enhances uniformity in film formation. Diameter of crystal grain can be enlarged and increases efficiency of high photoelectric conversion and life of photo-carrier. Facilitates generation of high output photoelectric current with sufficient reproducibility. Copper or indium has excellent adhesion and alloy property and thereby avoids membranous de-bonding or crack during high temperature process and thereby facilitates the operation of a stable I-III- VI group compound semiconductor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of laminated precursor and basic composition of I-III-VI group compound semiconductor.
NOVELTY - A transparent bonding resin material (2) containing silicone resin is applied over transparent insulated substrate (1). The resin film (3) is then bonded on transparent bonding resin material.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since transparent bonding resin material and resin film are sequentially applied over substrate, it can withstand high temperature during manufacturing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional view of steps in manufacturing solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Transparent bonding resin material; (3) Resin film.
NOVELTY - The composition of aluminum and indium in the semiconductor thin film (7) formed on the substrate (1) is changed continuously such that atomic ratio (Al/Al+In) near the substrate is less than atomic ratio on the film surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the CIS group chalcopyrite structure semiconductor thin film formation method.    USE -   Used as optical absorption layer of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Is inexpensive with good reproducibility and forms graded band gap structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of manufacturing process of CIS group chalcopyrite structure semiconductor thin film. (1) Substrate; (7) Semiconductor thin film.
NOVELTY - A cadmium sulfide film (3) and a cadmium telluride film (4) are formed on a transparent electrically conductive film (2) of predetermined pattern formed on a transparent substrate (1). The resist of predetermined pattern is formed on the telluride film which is etched and removed selectively. The resist is then peeled using alcohol and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    USE -   For sub-modules of CdS-CdTe type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The resist can be peeled reliably without causing damage to telluride film and background film by using alcohol as resist peeling liquid. Materializes favorable patterning of telluride film using low cost apparatus and material. Inexpensive solar battery with stable and efficient characteristics is produced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a cross-sectional process diagram of solar battery. (1) Transparent substrate; (2) Electrically conductive film; (3) Cadmium sulfide film; (4) Cadmium telluride film.
NOVELTY - The structure includes a niobium oxide semiconductor film of thickness 10 nm bonded to a substrate. An organic coloring matter of amino group comprising 9- phenylxanthene structure is applied to the semiconductor film surface.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrode is comparatively cheap and hence mass production is possible. The electrode is highly safe for usage and is a use-and-throw type electrode.
NOVELTY - The oxide semiconductor film of 10 nm thickness consisting of either zinc oxide or tin oxide is formed on the substrate. An organic coloring matter consisting of dibromo fluoresceine, dichloro fluoresceine and erythrosine B is provided on the semiconductor film.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Generates large short circuit current and high release voltage.
NOVELTY - The anode waste gas from the fuel battery is partially re-circulated by an anode gas recycle line (14). A heat insulated reformer (18) with a modification catalyst is installed by the recycle line.    USE -   For electricity generator installation like hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power plants.    ADVANTAGE -   Modification reaction of hot anode waste gas is promoted as modification catalyst is used. The reform efficiency and electricity generation efficiency is increased by increasing amount of hydrogen supplied to fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of high voltage fuel battery. (14) Anode gas recycle line; (18) Heat insulated reformer.
A solid macromolecular electrolyte-type fuel cell consists of: (a) a solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane having ion exchange capability; and (b) a positive electrode and a negative electrode placed by coming into contact with both the sides of the solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane, respectively. The surface of the solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane has water repellency owing to a crosslinking structure afforded by styrene and divinyl benzene.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid macromolecular electrolytic membrane has high moisture content and water repellency on its surface. The result yields the solid macromolecular electrolyte-type fuel cell having sufficient power generation though the fuel cell has low internal resistance without causing adverse effects on an electrode reaction.
A methanol electrode is connected to one surface of an ion exchange membrane which is a solid macromolecular electrolyte. An air electrode is connected to the other surface of the ion exchange membrane. The ion exchange membrane consists of a polymer formed by introducing an anionic exchange gp. into a polymer having a repeating unit of -X-Ar-Y-, where: X and Y = -O- or -S-; Ar = a gp. with formula (1), formula (2) or formula (3).    W = a single bond, -O-, -S-, or -CR6R7 (R6 and R7 = hydrogen atoms, or 1-6C alkyl gps.); R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 = 1-8C alkyl gps.; a = 0-3; b+c = 0-7; d+e = 0-5.    ADVANTAGE -   Methanol in the ion exchange membrane has reduced crossleak amt. The result provides the methanol fuel cell with enhanced output voltage. The ion exchange membrane has superior mechanical strength and heat resistance.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte board (3) is interposed between the anode (1) and cathode (2). The electrolyte board has an alpha- lithium aluminates electrode layer (3a) with a mean pore diameter smaller than the mean particle diameter of conductive powder of cathode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Heating gas and oxidizing agent gas are supplied to the anode and cathode, respectively.    USE -   For molten carbonate type battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Provision of alpha-lithium aluminates electrolyte board, suppresses nickel precipitate and occurrence of nickel short circuit, thus prolongs battery life period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of electrolyte board. (1) Anode; (2) Cathode; (3) Electrolyte board; (3a) Alpha-lithium aluminates electrolyte layer.
NOVELTY - A conductive titanium oxide coating layer is formed on the surface of stainless steel base material. An impurity chosen from a group of Fe, Cr, Ni, Si, Mn, Mo and Cu is also included in the coating layer.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers favorable acid resistance and favorable conductivity with low contact resistance. Excels in safety and reduces manufacturing cost as forming process is easily done by press stamping.
An oxide consists of formula (CeO2 )1-x (LnO1 .5 )x- y(GaO1 .5 )y. Where, Ln = one or more elements selected from trivalent rare earth elements except Ce; x = greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.4; y = greater than 0 and less than 0.05.     Also claimed is that the production of a ceria-based oxide comprises: (a) sintering a mixed powder of CeO2 , Ln2 O3 , and Ga2 O3at 1400-1600 C; (b) obtaining the oxide described above.    Also claimed is that an oxide ion conductor consists of the oxide described above.    Also claimed is that a solid electrolytic fuel cell uses the oxide ion conductor as its electrolyte.    USE -   The oxide ion conductor finds its applications in an electrolytic material for the solid electrolytic fuel cell, an oxygen sensor, an oxygen pump.    ADVANTAGE -   Adding a small amount of the oxide to the solid phase reaction system of the ceria-based oxide dramatically accelerates grain growth. The result yields a sintered body even under mild conditions using the reduced sintering temp. The oxide has sufficiently good ion conductivity as the electrolyte for the solid electrolytic fuel cell at low temps., 900 C or below, preferably, 850 /oC or below, more preferably, 800 C or below.
NOVELTY - The silicone resin metal composite consists of silicone resin layer formed on one side of thin metal plate (by injection molding) through thermoplastic resin film which has excellent heat resisting property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of silicone resin metal composite. The thermoplastic resin film is provided in the cavity of a metallic mold and silicone resin is injected into the metallic mold cavity. A silicone resin layer is formed on one side of the thermoplastic resin film which is attached to one side of a thin metal plate.    USE -   As cushioning material such as electric and electronic components, as packaging material, and especially as separator for fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Silicone resin metal composite can be manufactured efficiently and accurately.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator (30), with a laminated electrode and electrolyte layer, comprises many through holes (40-45) and inside passage-forming ribs (55-57) along a separator surface which form an inside passage connecting two holes which have a concave section and are fluidly sealed from one another.    USE - As a gas separator for a fuel cell and the fuel cell (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The feed rate of gas to the fuel cell is increased without any loss of energy efficiency and the output of each stack is equalized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising a stack of laminated unit cells with gas feed and gas exhaust manifolds and inside gas passages as above for supplying and discharging reaction gas in the electrode and electrolyte. The reaction gas passes sequentially through the dividing passage parts while passing through a linkage between end portions of the gas feed and exhaust manifolds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plan view of the separator.    separator (30)    through holes (40-45)    inside passage-forming ribs (55-57)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen-rich crude gas produced is fed to a membrane filter to remove the content of carbon dioxide, a large part of the carbon monoxide and other impurities and divided into a filter waste gas stream and pre-purified hydrogen gas stream. The pre-purified hydrogen gas stream is then subjected to catalytic oxidation of the remaining carbon monoxide and fed to the fuel cell.    USE - For the production of electrical energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrical energy is produced by: (a) producing a hydrogen-rich and amounts of raw gas containing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by catalytically converting liquid and/or gaseous fuels; (b) removing impurities from the raw gas to form a hydrogen gas stream suitable for a fuel cell; and (c) introducing the hydrogen gas stream into the anode chambers of a fuel cell. The hydrogen-rich crude gas produced is fed to a membrane filter to remove the content of carbon dioxide, a large part of the carbon monoxide and other impurities and divided into a filter waste gas stream and pre-purified hydrogen gas stream. The pre-purified hydrogen gas stream is then subjected to catalytic oxidation of the remaining carbon monoxide and fed to the fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also claimed for an apparatus for carrying out the production of electrical energy comprising a device (1) for catalytically converting fuels into hydrogen-rich crude gas, a purifier for removing impurities from the crude gas, and a fuel cell (4) for producing electrical energy from the purified hydrogen-rich gas. The purifier is a membrane filter (2) with a catalytic oxidation device (3) connected to the anode chamber of the fuel cell (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the apparatus for carrying out electrical energy production.    catalytic conversion device (1)    membrane filter (2)    catalytic oxidation device (3)    fuel cell (4)
NOVELTY - Polymer blends and membranes are prepared by reaction of a polymeric sulfonic acid salt with a primary, secondary or tertiary nitrogen containing polymer.    USE - The acid-base polymer blends are useful in the form of a thin film as a proton conductive electrolyte in membrane fuel cells (H2-polymer electrolyte or direct methanol fuel cells), in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, in aqueous or non-aqueous electrodialysis or diffusion dialysis or as membranes or hollow fibers for pervaporation, per-extraction, gas separation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer blends have high mechanical, chemical and thermal stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymers blends and polymer blend membranes for the production of ion-exchange membranes are prepared by the reaction of a solution of a polymeric sulfonic acid salt of formula (1) with a primary, secondary, or tertiary nitrogen containing polymer in a dipolar aprotic solvent and the resulting sulfonic acid salt-base-blend post treated by storage at 20-100 degreesC in hot, dilute mineral acid.    Polymer-SO3X (1)    X = monovalent metal cation, NH4+, NH3R+, NH2R2+, NHR3+, NR4+, pyridine H+;    R = alkyl and/or aryl    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the performance of a H2-polymer electrolyte fuel cell in oxygen (2 bar) at 80 degreesC using a poly(etheretherketone)SO3H/aminated polysulfone membrane.
NOVELTY - Sulfuric acid zirconium is dissolved in an alcohol. A base material is immersed into the solution and zirconium oxide thin film is formed on the base material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the zirconium oxide compact.    USE -   The thin film formed using zirconium oxide is used as solid electrolyte and NO reduction catalyst.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat process stabilized by crystallization is not needed. A precise thin film of zirconium oxide can be formed on various base material surfaces of large area and also on base material surfaces having complicated shapes.
A flux for solar battery module includes an ester compd. represented by a formula (1) and at least one kind of rosin resin acid or denatured rosin, and a content of rosin having a conjugate diene structure to the solid matter is less than 20 wt. %;    Formula (1)    R = CnHm (m and n are integers), and R1 = H or CH3.    ADVANTAGE -   High reliability can be kept even when the washing is not performed after the soldering.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor particle is doped by coating the particle with aqueous ammonium phosphate solution, drying and diffusing the phosphorus into the particle.    USE - In creating silicon particles with a shallow or deep p-n junctions for e.g. photovoltaic devices such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Phosphorus is doped in a low cost, safe and effective manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The particle is coated with an aqueous ammonium phosphate solution, preferably of concentration 10-50 g/l, and dried. The particle is a spherical particle of silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram of the process for creating a phosphorus layer over a p-doped silicon sphere to form a shallow or deep p-n junction.
NOVELTY - The activity of a carbon monoxide-selective oxidation catalyst is increased and the temperature range of catalyst activity is expanded by changing the catalyst mixture from platinum downstream, through intermediate mixtures to ruthenium at upstream end.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides effective reduction of carbon monoxide concentration while maintaining the temperature of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas at the operating temperature of the fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon monoxide concentration-reducing apparatus, receiving a hydrogen-rich gas containing carbon monoxide, uses selective oxidation for the carbon monoxide and discharges a hydrogen-rich gas with reduced concentration of carbon monoxide, includes a carbon monoxide-selective oxidation catalyst that facilitates the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas. The catalyst includes a first catalyst metal with an active temperature range and a second catalyst metal of second active temperature range, the catalyst having an active temperature range intermediate of the two. The mixture ratio is set on the basis of a preset temperature of the catalyst.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for reducing carbon monoxide concentration in hydrogen-rich gas using the above apparatus and in which the catalyst mixture is determined on the basis of an operating temperature of the carbon monoxide concentration reducing portion.
NOVELTY - Ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide in a catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina component against recrystallization and inhibits carbon deposits on the wash coated surfaces.    USE - The fuel gas reformer assembly is used in fuel cell power plants to convert a fuel, i.e. natural gas into hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Lanthanum oxide in the catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina against recrystallization at high operating temperatures while the inclusion of ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide provides longer operational life to the assembly by hindering carbon deposition in the flow passages.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrocarbon fuel gas steam reformer assembly comprises fuel gas passages for receiving a mixture of fuel gas and steam and burner gas passages for receiving burner gas steam. Both passages are disposed in a heat exchange relationship such that heat from burner passages is transferred to fuel gas passages. Both passages are also provided with lanthanum oxide and/or cerium oxide, and/or calcium oxide-stabilized alumina which stabilizes alumina against recrystallization at elevated temperatures and inhibits carbon deposition on walls of both passages.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a portion of fuel gas steam reformer assembly.    Fuel steam reformer assembly (2)    Fuel gas passages (12)    Burner passages (14)    Catalyzed wash coat (28)
NOVELTY - A digital chemical vapor deposition method for forming a multi-component oxide layer comprises: (i) positioning within a CVD reactor chamber a substrate; (ii) forming over the substrate a multi-component oxide precursor layer; it is formed from at least two precursor reactant source materials introduced simultaneously into the CVD reactor chamber in absence of an oxidant reactant source material; and (iii) oxidizing with oxidant reactant source material.    USE - CVD methods for forming multi-component oxide layers over substrates. For manufacturing IC devices, solar cells, flat panel displays, ceramic substrates, sensors such as piezoelectric sensors, pyroelectric sensors, magnetoresistive sensors and chemical gas detector sensors. (Claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The multi-component oxide thin film layer is formed with enhanced crystallinity, enhanced precursor reactant source material incorporation efficiency, enhanced uniformity and conformality, formation of the film at a low CVD substrate temperature, attenuated reactant source material gas phase reactions and reduced CVD reactor hardware costs associated with individually introducing reactant source materials within the chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a similar method in which (ii) and (iii) are repeated for a number or cycles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic process flow diagram of the invention.
NOVELTY - An n-type semiconductor layer (2) is formed on a light incidence surface of a p-type crystalline Si substrate (1). An plane of incidence electrode (3) with a main electrode portion (31) and grid polar unit is formed on the n-type layer (2). An insulator (8) is formed in the portion of the semiconductor layer bearing the main electrode and not the n-type layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A passivation film (4) and an anti- reflective coating (5) are efficiently formed on the exposed surface of the n-type layer. A p-type semiconductor layer (6) and an electrode (7) are sequentially formed on the exposed surface of the substrate. The density of p-type dopant in the semiconductor layer (6) is higher than that in the substrate. An insulator (8) having characteristic of reducing surface recombination of semiconductor layer, is formed in the n-type layer bearing the electrode (31).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: solar battery manufacturing method; connection procedure of solar battery    USE -   In solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since insulator acts as shadow layer, solar light is shaded therefore reverse current is not emitted in shadow area. Therefore conversion efficiency is improved. Since insulator reduces surface recombination of n and p type semiconductor layers, saturation current due to recombination is reduced. Conversion efficiency is therefore enhanced. Material of passivation film is made same as that of insulator layer therefore leakage current is not generated. Characteristic degradation in shadow area is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross section of solar battery. (1) P-type crystal Si substrate; (2) N-type semiconductor layer; (3) Plane of incidence electrode; (4) Passivation film; (5) Anti-reflective coating; (6) P-type semiconductor layer; (7) Electrode; (8) Insulator; (31) Main electrode portion.
NOVELTY - A crystalline Si thin film photoelectric conversion layer (112) is sandwiched between an N-type and P-type layers (111,113), respectively in the photoelectric conversion unit (11). The N-type layer is formed by plasma CVD technique. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode (10) and photoelectric conversion unit are formed on the glass substrate. A pair of metal layers and transparent conducting oxide layers (101-103) configures the electrode. The oxide layer (103) is mainly made of zinc oxide. The conducting oxide layer (103) is formed by sputtering, vacuum deposition or CVD technique at 100- 450 C. The mean diameter of the crystal grains in the oxide layer is set more than or equals to 100 nm. The specific resistance is set below 1.510-3 ohm-cm and thickness of the oxide layer is set between 50 nm-1 m.    USE -   In crystalline silicon group tandem-die type thin film photoelectric converter used for solar battery, optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces cost and obtains high performance by forming photoelectric conversion unit at low temperature by plasma-CVD technique. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of photoelectric converter. (10) Electrode; (11) Photoelectric conversion unit; (101-103) Transparent conducting oxide layers; (111,113) N-type and P-type layers; (112) Photoelectric conversion layer.
NOVELTY - Air is mixed with hydrogen rich modifier containing carbon monoxide (CO) to form reaction gas. CO the reaction gas is removed by a catalyst in the reactor, configured in the apparatus. CO and oxygen present in the reaction gas are diluted by reaction gas dilution unit configured in the apparatus and the thermal capacity of reaction gas is increased before CO removal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation of CO removal apparatus.    USE -   For use in solid polymeric type fuel batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   CO is removed efficiently. Efficiency selective oxidation reactor is improved. Rapid reaction near the inlet and reactive reduction at the outlet is prevented.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen separated and recovered from a waste gas is ejected out of fuel battery (3) and is stored in a hydrogen absorbing alloy tank (6). From the alloy tank, stored hydrogen supplied to fuel battery is judged by a detector (5). Based on the detected load fluctuation of battery, an adjusting unit (7) regulates the quantity of hydrogen supplied to battery.    USE -   For hydrogen gas supply to fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents supply of hydrogen gas of more than necessary amount to fuel battery as adjusting unit regulates the amount of hydrogen supplied, based on the detected load fluctuation. Stored hydrogen gas is used without wastage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of fuel battery system. (3) Fuel battery; (5) Detector; (6) Hydrogen absorbing alloy tank; (7) Adjusting unit.
NOVELTY - The temperature of hydrogen absorbing alloy tank (6) is detected by a temperature sensor (8). A pressure sensor (9) detects the pressure of hydrogen gas recovered by the hydrogen reclaimer (4). A controller (10) compares the detection results of temperature and pressure sensors and performs switching control of the control valve (7) based on comparison calculation result.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen reclaimer recovers the hydrogen gas from the ejected waste gas and supplies it to a hydrogen absorbing alloy tank (6) through a control valve (7). The hydrogen absorbing alloy tank supplies stored hydrogen gas to the battery (3).    USE -   For storing H2 gas recovered from waste gas ejected out of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Stores hydrogen gas in hydrogen absorbing alloy tank without futility, for short time by effectively controlling hydrogen gas supply control valve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of battery control system. (3) Battery; (4) Hydrogen reclaimer; (6) Hydrogen absorbing alloy tank; (7) Control valve; (8) Temperature sensor; (9) Pressure sensor; (10) Controller.
NOVELTY - The conductive ceramics composition contains oxides of Sr, Ce and Mn as principal components. The molar ratio of Sr is 0.4-0.9, Ce is 0.1-0.6 and Mn is 0.8-1.2.    USE -   For electrochemical apparatus such as fuel battery, oxygen supply apparatus, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The electronic conductive ceramic is manufactured from cheap raw material and the ceramics have low electrical resistance. The cost of the electrochemical apparatus is reduced and the apparatus contributes high performance.
NOVELTY - The toner consists of metal powders of different conductivities (11, 12) and of different mean particle diameters, a heat-meltable resin and a charge control agent (13). The metal powder particles individually have multiple resin layers with charge control agent between the layers, formed sequentially.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal powder particles are provided with nearly 6 resin coating layers with control agents in between such that the resin layers are selectively impregnated with metal particles of minute size of different conductivities.    The metal powder has copper composition.    The resin material used is styrene acryl copolymer with silica.    USE -   For electrophotographic printing of circuit pattern on ceramic green sheets in multilayer wiring board manufacture (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The printing density is increased, and the sheet resistance of circuit pattern is decreased because of the specified particle sizes. The printing is carried out with lower power consumption, which promotes cost reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the section of a toner particle. (10) Toner particle; (11) Metal particle of larger size; (12) Metal particle of smaller size(13) Charge control agents.
NOVELTY - The electrolytic cell comprises a porous inner lateral electrode, a specific electrolyte and porous ground electrode sequentially laminated by a peripheral insulated base material pipe. The thermal coefficient of expansion of the pipe is the same as that of inner lateral electrode or ground electrode.    USE -   For manufacturing oxygen and hydrogen by electrolysing water vapor.    ADVANTAGE -   The tension or the residual stress occurring in an electrode layer of the electrolytic cell is reduced to 1/10th of a conventional cell, thereby preventing deterioration and damage of the solid electrolyte fuel battery which frequently occurs at high temperature.
NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel gas mixture containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen are fed to opposite sides of the electrodes.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing the fuel cell, by laminating unit cells via separators and mechanically fixing them together, forming a gas-tight seal and joining with gas manifolds.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross section of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    Separators (4)    Gas flow path (5)
NOVELTY - Provides aid for design using fuel-cells. Facilitates research on and study of fuel-cells.    USE - For teaching purposes on fuel-cell properties.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains characteristic with minimum number of components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The set-up uses a fuel-cell with its source of fuel, a range of resistors as load, and an ammeter and/or voltmeter to determine experimentally the power and the line characteristic of the cell. The voltage and current ranges to be measured require different values depending on the cell. Several (3 to 15) resistors are provided depending on the expected characteristic. A rotary switch is mounted on the board. The ammeter may be 0.5-5 A, the voltmeter 2-20V and the resistors 0.5-600 ohm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram.    resistor (1)    fuel-cell (2)    current measuring apparatus (3)    connections for voltage measuring apparatus (4)
NOVELTY - Articles are fabricated by powder metallurgical techniques from 8 - 35 micron powder containing by weight 20 - 40 % silicon, up to 4 % magnesium, and balance aluminum, and having a structure comprising 1 - 10 micron silicon particles in a matrix of aluminum.    USE - Fabrication of computer memory discs or actuator arms for hard disc drives (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The product has high stiffness characterized by a flutter of less than 10 Angstrom in discs spun at not less than 12,000 rpm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The powder is compacted into a mold, degassed by application of a vacuum of less than 10 torr absolute pressure, isostatically pressed at less than 1001 degrees C, and sintered under a vacuum of less than 100 torr absolute pressure or inert gas at a temperature below that at which the microstructure is significantly affected, and extruding or forging the sintered billet. Isostatic pressing is carried out at less than 30,000 psi.    Preferred features: The billet is extruded through a die having an insert of tungsten carbide or formed of Inconel 718 or an alloy having greater hot strength.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for an alloy comprising sintered particles of the above composition and microstructure, manufacture of an actuator arm for a computer disc drive, and a memory disc for a computer disc drive.
NOVELTY - An i type semiconductor layer (105) is formed on a n-type semiconductor layer (104). The i type semiconductor layer has alternate laminated layers of a fine crystal i type semiconductor layer (105A) and an amorphous i type semiconductor layer (105B). Thickness of amorphous i type layer is 3.0-50 nm which is less than thickness of fine crystal i type layer which is 300 nm or 5 m.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since laminated structure of fine crystal and amorphous semiconductor layer is formed, less photodegradation with high travelling speed of carrier in the resultant i type semiconductor layer which improves photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained. Flexible and lightweight photovoltaic cell which can undergo expansion easily, is obtained since electric power generated is stable for long period of time. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the model sectional view showing the laminated structure of the photovoltaic cell. (104) N-type semiconductor layer; (105) i type semiconductor layer; (105A) Fine crystal i type semiconductor layer; (105B) Amorphous i type semiconductor layer.
NOVELTY - A boron carbide layer (2) is formed on a heat resistant base material (1). A semiconductor thin film (3) used as electricity generation layer, is formed on the boron carbide layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing method.    USE -   In satellite, motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Since semiconductor thin film used as electricity generation layer, has excellent crystal quality, defects in the layer is minimized. Quick and inexpensive manufacture is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of semiconductor thin film formation structure. (1) Base material; (2) Boron carbide layer; (3) Semiconductor thin film.
NOVELTY - A transparent oxide electrode (12), surface treatment layer (14), silicon nitride film (16), semiconductor layers (18,24), buffer layer (20), intrinsic semiconductor layer (22) and a metal electrode layer (26) are sequentially formed on an insulating substrate (10) made of fluorescent glass. The non-lamination side of the substrate serves as the light reception area.    USE -   Used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves solar battery element characteristics and photoelectromotive force of solar battery element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of solar battery apparatus. (10) Insulating substrate; (12) Transparent oxide electrode; (14) Surface treatment layer; (16) Silicon nitride film; (18,24) Semiconductor layers; (20) Buffer layer; (22) Intrinsic semiconductor layer; (26) Metal electrode layer.
NOVELTY - A silicon thin film is formed on a substrate (1) by plasma spraying process. The film is scanned by plasma torch within chamber in which the film is formed. Then, melting and coagulation of film is performed.    USE -   For solar battery cell for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Even if the method employs plasma spraying process, a quality polycrystalline silicon thin film is formed, thereby providing an efficient solar battery cell with greatest industrial value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view explaining manufacturing method of solar battery cell. (1) Substrate.
NOVELTY - The protection sheet consists of polyethylene group resin with a density ranging from 0.94-0.97 g/cm3 for providing weather resistance and damp-proofing property.    USE -   For solar batteries in a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   As the polyethylene resin excels in environmental-resistant capability and as sheet can be molded by a general procedure, a solar battery module that is environmentally-resistant can be obtained.
NOVELTY - I group element, III group element and VI group elements are respectively supplied from a Cu target (31), a Cu/Ga target (32), an In target (33) and vapor deposition source (34). The vapor deposition source supplies elements chosen out of Se and S.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing apparatus of compound semiconductor thin film.    USE -   Used for forming I-III-VI group compound semiconductor thin film used for thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Composition control is easy and reproducibility is good. The film with VI group elements is not damaged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-section of compound semiconductor thin film manufacturing apparatus. (31) Cu target; (32) Cu/Ga target; (33) In target; (34) Vapor deposition source.
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon fine particle is deposited on a heat resistant substrate (11). A silicon thin film of thickness 3-30 m is formed on the substrate. The silicon film is heated and recrystallized so as increase mean diameter of silicon crystal.    USE -   For forming polycrystalline silicon thin film used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Materializes highly efficient and inexpensive solar battery by reduced raw material consumption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a schematic diagram of silicon thin film deposition apparatus. (11) Heat resistant substrate.
NOVELTY - Modifying gas chamber (51a) which is connected to a heat exchanger and a selective oxidation reactor (51b) sends the modified gas to a cooler (52) through a pipe line and cooled. The cooled gas is mixed with at least oxygen (O) or gas containing O and is exposed to a selective oxidation catalyst (511) for oxidation and removal of carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the operation of the apparatus for removing carbon monoxide.    USE -   For removing carbon monoxide in fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Selective oxidation is performed efficiently and combustion of hydrogen is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of the apparatus for carbon monoxide removal. (51a) Modifying gas chamber; ; (51b) Selective oxidation reactor; ; (52) Cooler; ; (511) Selective oxidation catalyst.
NOVELTY - The adhesive layer (14), containing silicon carbide, boron carbide and titanium oxide, is formed on the base material surface through diffusion layer (15).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A coating film is formed on base material and heated to 300-1,100C in non-oxidizing atmosphere to form an adherence layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of separator.    USE -   Used for low temperature fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Low generation of Joule heat, improved conductivity and low contact resistance. The base material made of stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and durability in severe corrosion atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the stainless steel base material on which bonding and adherence layer are formed. (14) Adherence layer; (15) Diffusion layer.
NOVELTY - The separator for low temperature fuel batteries consists of one or two kinds of compound particles (14) chosen out of SiC, B4C and TiO2 adhered on stainless steel base material (13).    USE -   Used for low temperature fuel batteries used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Particles adhered on the base material increase the conductivity of the base material. The separator has strong anti-corrosion property in acidic atmosphere. The fuel battery has high electricity generating property and heat loss generated while laminating many cells is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows separator. (13) Stainless steel base material; (14) Compound particles.
NOVELTY - The composition of composite is new and contains strong acid retained in polysilamine by a chemical bond.    USE - The composite can be used as polymeric electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell used in electric power production, also in display elements, electrochromic elements and various sensors, and also as dispersing agent, emulsifier, water treating agent, water holding agent, thickener, fiber treatment agent and ion exchange resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composite comprises: a) Polysilamine having repeated unit of formula (-N(R1)-A1-Si(R2)(R3)-B-)n (I)    R1, R2 and R3 = same or different H or lower alkyl;    A1 = lower alkylene group which may be substituted by lower alkyl group, a group -A2-N(R4)-A3- or a group -A2-N(R4)-A3-N(R5)-A4-;    A2, A3 and A4 = same or different lower alkylene group which may be substituted by lower alkyl group;    R4 and R5 = same or different, H or lower alkyl group;    B = lower alkylene group which may be substituted by lower alkyl group;    n = at least 2    and b) strong acid.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: 1) Electrolyte membrane formed of composite as claimed in the shape of a membrane; and 2) a fuel cell having number of unit cells, each cell with electrolyte membrane as claimed in (1), and a pair of electrodes having electrolyte membrane between them.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows explanatory cross-sectional view of unit cell of fuel cell.    Unit cell (10)    Electrolytic membrane (12)    Catalyst layer (14)    Electrode (20)    Gas diffusion layer (22)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor component, having a semiconductor base material (40) of iron pyrites, is new.    USE - Especially as a solar cell, e.g. a single or multiple layer solar cell, a thin film solar cell, a MIS solar cell or a photochemical cell, but also as a diode, transistor, thyristor or the like.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has higher efficiency than all conventional solar cells, has low cost to allow mass production and can be easily disposed of without environmental pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor component has a single crystal or polycrystalline semiconductor base material (40) with p-type and n-type layers (52, 53), the base material comprising a purified FeS2 layer (51).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the above semiconductor component, in which the base material comprises natural pyrites or a synthetic FeS2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor component according to the invention, including a heterojunction.    Base material (40)    Component (50)    Pyrites layer (51)    Boron layer (52)    Phosphorus layer (53)
NOVELTY - A battery electrolyte comprising: (a) an imide salt; and (b) a matrix material.    USE - The compositions are useful for electrolytes to conduct electrical charge, e.g. in high energy density, lightweight, rechargeable power sources for use in automotive, industrial, and consumer markets, for example, electrochemical cells and devices such as batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, super capacitors and electrochromic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Electrolytes containing imide or methide conductive salts can be used as alternatives to prior art electrolytes (e.g. metal salts of complex metal halide anions (e.g., LiPF6), perfluorinated sulfonates, perfluorinated sulfonylimides and perfluorinated sulfonylmethides). Because part of the expensive perfluoroalkyl groups are replaced with inexpensive hydrocarbon groups, the new salts can be made to have lower molecular weights and thus can be used at lower weight concentrations in electrolytes to produce a given molarity solution. At the same time, the less expensive salts have good conductivity in electrolytes; and can be used in liquid and/or polymer electrolytes to improve the overall efficiency of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also claimed is a battery comprising:    (i) at least 1 cathode;    (ii) at least 1 anode; and the above electrolyte.    The imide salt is of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV):    X = SO2 or C(O);    Rf = fluorine, 1-12C straight or branched acyclic perfluoroalkyl or 3-12C cyclic perfluoroalkyl optionally interrupted by a catenary heteroatom;    R'f = 1-12C perfluoroalkylene optionally interrupted by a catenary heteroatom;    Rh = 2-18C straight or branched aliphatic and interrupted by a catenary heteroatom, 4-18C straight or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic or an optionally substituted aromatic or a reactive group;    R'h = divalent organic group;    Mn+ = cation having a valence of n.
NOVELTY - Uses catalyst comprising rhodium dispersed on refractory oxide support having cerium and zirconium cations to generate hydrogen by self-sustaining partial oxidation for use in fuel cells.    USE - For use in hydrogen generation in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides self-sustaining partial oxidation and steam reforming to produce hydrogen with high selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell system including the hydrogen production unit.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is catalytically generated by oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) organic fuel, optionally in the presence of steam.    USE - The process is used for hydrogen generation in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The combination of steam-reforming and partial oxidation is more efficient than either process separately. DME is preferred to methanol as the fuel because it is less toxic, less hygroscopic and has a higher energy density. It is easily liquefied and may become more readily available than methanol if it is adopted as an alternative to diesel fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A self-starting, self-sustaining process comprises contacting a mixture of DME, an oxygen-containing gas and optionally steam with a precious metal catalyst which is selective for the oxidative reforming of organic fuel.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system including a hydrogen production unit operating the above process.
NOVELTY - A thin metal chalcogenide layer is produced by reacting a hydrogen chalcogenide gas with metal ions which have been adsorbed on a substrate by application of a metal compound solution.    USE - The metal chalcogenide layer is useful as an absorber or buffer layer in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows simple production of homogeneous metal chalcogenide layers of uniform quality and, compared with conventional processes, is not sensitive to process parameter variations, provides complete utilization of the metal salts (so that it is more economic and avoids pollution), avoids incorporation of hydroxides, can coat porous substrates without crust formation, can be automated at low cost and is applicable to difficultly soluble chalcogenides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for carrying out the above process. Preferred Features: The substrate consists of TiO2, CuInS2, CuGaSe2, chalcopyrites or glass. The metal ions are e.g. Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Ag, Sb and/or Bi ions. The chalcogen is S, Se or Te.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an apparatus according to the invention.    Substrate (3)    Metal compound solution (5)    Dryer (6)    Reaction vessel (7)
NOVELTY - Integrated power module for generating thermal and electrical power.    USE - Power module to produce heat and electrical current to heat and power a dwelling or work place.    ADVANTAGE - Integrated structure both preheats process gas and cools product gas and minimizes interface complexities and equipment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Integrated power module which converts combustible fuel into thermal and electrical energy comprises outer housing, fuel inlet, gas inlet, heat to heat inlet gas prior to combustion, partial oxidation reformer to combust fuel and heated first portion of gas at stoichiometric ratio of less than 0.8 with port to eject hydrogen containing product gas into exhaust passage. Inlet nozzle comprise fuel injector and gas injector and impinges fuels on reformer wall to intermix them.    Method of converting fuel into electrical and thermal energy comprises:    (1) heating first portion of fuel gas and injecting fuel and gas into reformer to generate hydrogen containing product gas and thermal energy,    (2) electrochemically processing this hydrogen containing gas in a fuel cell with cathode and anode to yield thermal and electrical energy and combusting anode and cathode exhaust gases with third portion of inlet gas in a combustor as stoichiometric ratio of at least 1:1 to generate thermal energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section block diagram showing major components and process flow through apparatus.    Terminals (10,12)    Air injector (22)    Current collector wall (31)    Housing (110)    Inlet air (112)    Annular volume (114)    Reformer (116)    Fuel cell (118)    Combustor (120)    Transfer barrier wall (26)    Heat recovery coil (142)    Inlet fuel (156)    Fuel injector (160)    Passage (168)    Nozzle (169)    Heat exchange wall (172)
NOVELTY - The zinc oxide group sintered compact consists of 3-6 at% of indium, 0.3-3 at% of 1-3 elements chosen from aluminum, boron, gallium, germanium, silicon, tin and zinc oxide and impurities as the remainder.    USE -   The compact is used as sputtering target for formation of transparent conductive film as electrode material of liquid crystal display or solar battery etc..    ADVANTAGE -   High transmittance is provided with low resistance which reduces generation of abnormal discharge under DC sputtering for a long period of time. Excellent and cheap productivity is achieved.
NOVELTY - Alcohol or alkyl halide is dissolved in water along with an organic solvent which is slightly soluble in water is added and the solution is reacted with aqueous solution of sodium silicate in presence of a catalyst to form an organic layer from which alkyl silicate is isolated.    USE -   Alkyl silicate is used for highly functional material such as solar battery, semiconductor, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Alkyl silicate is obtained easily at room temperature using inexpensive water glass. The yield of alkyl silicate is improved. The isolation of unreacted silicic acid and alkyl silicate is easy.
NOVELTY - The original heating gas with high H2concentration is modified by modification catalyst (5) of the modifier (1). The high CO containing reformed gas undergoes transformation reaction at high temperature to low CO containing gas by the CO transformation catalyst (14) of the CO transformer (11) filled in the reformed gas outlet pipe (13).    The CO transformation catalyst is preferably an iron-group catalyst.    USE -   The gas improver of a fuel battery electrical power generating device is used for modifying gas containing hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces the CO concentration. A compact and low cost gas improver is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a block diagram of the composition of the gas improver of the fuel battery electrical power generating device. (1) Modifier; (5) Modification catalyst; (11) CO transformer; (13) Gas outlet pipe; (14) CO transformation catalyst.
NOVELTY - A laminate (102) to be further laminated with a transparent film (101), is positioned between lower and upper chambers (103,104). A tubular presser is provided inside the upper chamber to press the continuously supplied transparent film on the laminate during which, the pressure of the upper chamber is set smaller than that of the lower chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The laminate to be further laminated is heat crimped initially before positioning between the chambers. Surface coating is carried out after the lamination of the transparent film. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the lamination method which involves setting up of the lower chamber pressure to the atmospheric pressure. Using a heater, the laminate is heated up such that adhesive resin is melted. The transparent film is intermittently and continuously conveyed. The film constitutes the light receiving surface of the solar battery module. The laminated product becomes larger than the chambers.    USE -   For mass production of solar battery module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   As the transparent film is continuously supplied and pressed with a presser, mass production becomes simple. As the pressure of the chambers are maintained, lamination is effective thereby increasing the production. The apparatus is compact and cheap, and hence manufacturing cost is subsequently less. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows typical top view and side view of lamination apparatus. (101) Transparent film; (102) Laminate; (103,104) Lower and upper chambers.
NOVELTY - The electrocatalyst comprises a cubic platinum-ruthenium solid solution alloy and a hexagonal ruthenium alloy supported together on a conductive carbon carrier, wherein the total amount of the combined alloys is 10-80 wt% based on the electrocatalyst, and the two alloys each have a crystalline diameter 10-100 Angstrom.    USE - An electrocatalyst for use in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells used as a propulsion power source for transportation means.    ADVANTAGE - The electrocatalyst has excellent poisoning resistance to carbon monoxide, thus allowing the use of a small, simplified fuel reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for a membrane-electrode assembly, and a solid polymer fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an X-ray diffraction graph.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack system consists of a proton exchange membrane with a pressure sensor located between the oxygen supply and oxygen exhaust manifolds. This monitors for any drop in gas pressure.    USE - For monitoring fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - Performance degradation due to obstruction or flooding is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A controller responds to the pressure drop signal and initiates a correction if the pressure drop exceeds a threshold of unacceptability. In a preferred stack, a second pressure sensor operates similarly for measuring pressure drop between the hydrogen supply and hydrogen exhaust manifolds.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for monitoring the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - Separator for fuel cells includes a non-carbon resin whose volume resistance in the direction of thickness is up to 15 Ohm cm, and bending strength is 3-20kgf/mm2.    USE - Used as a separator for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and dimensional precision of grooves and it can be produced by molding.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) the manufacture of the separator by combining a synthetic resin formed body and an electroconductive material; and    (B) a fuel cell using the separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 is an outline cross-section drawing showing one example of a separator for a fuel cell.    Resin Molding (1)    Electroconductive Insert Pin (2)    Electroconductive Metal Foil (3)
NOVELTY - A crystalline silicification cobalt layer (10) is formed on an amorphous Si layer (7) by epitaxial process on a glass substrate (1). The crystalline Si layer (10) is obtained by radiating laser on the Si layer (5) having lattice constant near silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: manufacturing method of the solar battery; manufacturing method of the thin film transistors    USE -   For forming crystalline Si layer used for solar battery, thin film transistor used for liquid crystal display device.    ADVANTAGE -   Since Si film is formed by epitaxial growth after photoradiation on glass substrate, high quality crystalline film can be obtained at low temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of processes involved in manufacturing of crystalline Si layer. (1) Glass substrate; (5) Si layer; (7) Amorphous Si layer; (10) Crystalline Si layer.
NOVELTY - The battery has a transparent conductive film (3) formed on a transparent board (2). An electrolyte (4) is formed between the transparent board and a conductive board containing a pigment sensitizer electrode (5). Electrical energy is generated between the conductive film and conductive board. A photocatalyst film was formed on the other side of transparent board.    USE -   For conversion of optical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE -   The conductive glass surface gets cleaned automatically at the time of usage. Reduction in electromotive force and light transmittance do not occur. The consumption of electricity is less and conversion factor is economical.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of wet solar battery. (2) Transparent substrate; ; (3) Transparent electrical conductive film; ; (4) Electrolyte; ; (5) Semiconductor electrode.
NOVELTY - The conductive bonding material (1) is composed of lanthanum manganese oxide powder or praseodymium manganese oxide powder. About 10-30% of powder has particle size in the range of 1-3 m. About 70-90% of the powder has particle size in the range of 3-10 m.    USE -   Used at the time of joining electrical oxygen poles such as solid electrolyte fuel battery and water vapor electrolysis cell to other structures.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers inexpensive conductive material with strong junction strength and high conductivity. Avoids problems such as peeling and cracking by raising conductivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view at time of applying conductive bonding material. (1) Conductive bonding material.
NOVELTY - One-side doping of a semiconductor substrate comprises one-side dopant diffusion from a doping layer (4) through an oxide layer (3) while protecting the other substrate side with another oxide layer (2).    USE - Especially for one-side doping of a silicon wafer in the production of solar cells, particularly back surface field solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The oxide layers allow reliable homogeneous doping of the selected side, even when this side has a rough surface (e.g. for textured solar cell production), while protecting the side which is not to be doped.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - One-side doping of a semiconductor body, especially a silicon wafer, is carried out by    (a) applying an oxide layer (2, 3) onto both sides of the substrate (1);    (b) applying a doping layer (4) onto the oxide layer (3) on the substrate side to be doped; and    (c) diffusing dopant from the doping layer through the oxide layer into the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor structure during the dopant diffusion step of the process of the invention.    Semiconductor substrate (1)    Oxide layers (2,3)    Doping layer (4)
NOVELTY - A nanopaticle (I) comprises a non-conducting core layer (A) and a conducting shell layers (B) that is immediately adjacent to and layered upon the core. The radial thickness of the shell layer is less than that whose properties are described by a bulk dielectric function of a material comprising the conducting shell layer (B).    USE - (I) are useful for the production of optical switching devices, communication systems, infrared detectors, infrared cloaking devices, passive solar radiation collection or deflection, energy efficient paints, windows, coatings or fabrics.    ADVANTAGE - The nanoparticles (I) have defined and tunable wavelength absorbance maxima in the visible or infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (i) an x-ray absorbing device, a light detecting device, a chemical sensing device, a bolometer, a microbolometer, a sensing cantilever device, a dopant in an optically active material, a polymer, a photovoltaic solar cell, an infrared detector comprising (I).    (ii) a method of making (I) by binding a linker molecule to (A), binding conducting molecules to the linker molecule and forming a metal conducting shell layer around (A) by reducing additional conducting molecules onto the conducting molecules bound to the linker where each step is carried out in solution.    (iii) a method of metallizing a surface by layering (I) onto the surface.    (iv) a method of optically tuning a mixture of (I) by determining the wavelengths of light to be absorbed or scattered and making at least 2 of (I) that differ in their ability to absorb or scatter light and mixing (I) to achieve the desired degree of absorption or scattering.
NOVELTY - Module for separating a product gas from a mixed stream especially in a fuel cell system comprises a mixed stream chamber having a first flow, a purge / product stream chamber having a countercurrent flow and an intervening membrane which is selectively permeable to the product gas.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The module and method maximizes product gas recovery and purity levels. The pressure of the purge/product gas is slightly higher than that of the mixed gas so that the purity of the product gas will not be affected by leakage across poor seals or membrane pinholes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a fuel cell system which includes a burner module and an H2 purification module for supply of purified H2 to the fuel cell;    (2) a method of supplying purified H2 to a fuel cell which includes providing an H2 purification module and storing the purified H2;    (3) a method of extracting H2 from an H2 rich stream using a module with an O2-conducting ceramic membrane by electrochemically reacting H2 and oxygen ions on the first side of the membrane to form water vapor and electrochemically reacting water vapor on the other side of the membrane to form H2 and oxygen ions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a separation module of the invention    Mixed gas flow chamber (14)    Purge/product gas flow chamber (16)    Gas separation membrane (12)    Mixed gas inlet (22)    Purge gas inlet (26)
NOVELTY - A 1 mm thick glass or fused silica cover glass (26) is secured by optically transparent adhesive (28) to a photovoltaic transducer sensitive to visible and near infrared radiation. It has a planar face with antireflection coating receiving incident radiation and has a peripheral beveled edge forming a mirror surface and making the cover frustoconical.    USE - Photovoltaic cells for use in satellites.    ADVANTAGE - Cover provides combined function of light concentration and radiation protection. Concentration ratio of 4.5 and wide tracking angle permit heavier payloads.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred features: The mirror surface is coated with at least 70 nm of reflective aluminum (42) covered with a protective silicon oxide coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a solar cell concentrating cover glass combination.    housing (24)    photovoltaic cell (25)    concentrating cover glass (26)    transparent optical adhesive (28)    upper/lower surfaces (30,32)    peripheral mirror surface (38)    solar cell active area (40)    reflective metal film (42)
NOVELTY - Cooling water circulated between inner and outer chambers to cool selective oxidation catalyst layer (52) based on the temperature conditions. A flow rate adjustment valve controls the flow rate of cooling water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The temperature of catalyst is measured with measurement units (132a-132c). Based on the measured temperature, a predetermined water level is set. Based on set water level, the valve is controlled so that the water level measured with sensor (133) coincides with set water level. By adjusting the water level, temperature is maintained at an appropriate level. A coolant ejection unit is provided for coolant ejection.    USE -   For solid polymer fuel battery system used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the cooling water circulated to control catalyst temperature, appropriate temperature distribution is maintained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory view of the carbon monoxide catalytic converter. (52) Oxidation catalyst layer; ; (132a-132c) Measurement units; ; (133) Sensor.
A reflection-preventing film (RPF) contains multi-reflection-preventing layers on a transparent base material. At least one of the reflection-preventing layers is prepared by exposing the coated film of composition to UV-rays. The composition contains (A) metal alkoxide or its hydrolysate, (B) a UV-ray-reactive metal alkoxide compound of formula M(R1)m(R2)n(OR3)p (I), (C) other UV ray-reactive compound than (B) and (D) organic solvent. M = metal; O = oxygen atom; R1 = UV ray-reactive gp., i.e., vinyl, isopropenyl, allyl, acryloyl or methacryloyl; R2 = 1-4C aliphatic hydrocarbon; R3 = 1-4C aliphatic hydrocarbon or H; m+n+p = q; q = atomic value of the metal; m, p = (q-1) or less and 1 or more; n = (q-1) or less and 1 or more; m, n, p = positive integer.    USE -   The RPF is useful for a solar battery, a solar water-warming equipment, a liquid crystal image-display equipment, CRT, PDP and window of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The RPF has high strength, high hardness, good adhesiveness to a base material, high uniformity, good transparency and good durability. The film can be formed at low temps. in a short time without affecting a human body or objects with heat or electron beam. The refractive index can be freely controlled.
Rare earth metal complexes of formula (1-1) are new.    Formula (1-1)-p    M = rare earth metal;    X = ORf1 or Rf1;    Rf1, Rf2 = aliphatic or aromatic group containing no H;    n1 = 2 or 3; n2 = 2-4.    Also claimed is a light-emitting method of (1) comprising dissolving (1) in a solvent, and irradiating the solution with light.    Also claimed is an optically functional material comprising (1).    USE -   (1) are used in laser elements, light-emitting diodes, liq. crystals, optical fibers, optical sensors and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   (1) have strong emission strength.
(1) Perovskite structured composite oxides (D), whose general formula is expressed as (F-1) A'(1-x)A''(x)B'(1-y)B''(y)CO3, where (A') = one element of lanthanide, (A'') = one element of lanthanide except (A'), (B') = one element of aluminium group, (B'') = one element of platinum group, (C) = one alkaline earth metal element, (x) = larger than zero and less than 1, and (y) = larger than zero and less than 1. (2) (D) in (1), whose general formula is expressed as (F-1), where (A') = La, (A'') = Gd and/or Dy, (B') = Al, (B'') = Pt and/or Pd, and (C) = Mg. (3) In (F-1) in (1), (x) = larger than zero and equal to or less than 0.5 and (y) = larger than zero and equal to or less than 0.2. (4) Materials (E) containing (D) claimed in (1) - (3). (E), are used as catalyst of electrodes of solid oxide electrolyte type fuel cells. (5) Eight more clauses including method of manufacturing (D) are also claimed.    USE -   Used as the electrodes of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   This method is able to suppress the solid state reaction between electrodes and solid electrolyte, so that ensures power generation at low temperature.
NOVELTY - The amount of sagging in the centre section of the polyamide film during applying a load of 0.5 kg/mm2to a piece of length 2 m and width of 610 mm is 60 mm or less. The rate of heat-shrinking is 2% or less by heat shrinking in cross-direction at 210 C.     Preferably, the rate of heat shrinkage of the film in cross direction is 1 % or less, and the amount of sagging on a load of 0.5 kg/mm2is preferably 30 mm or less. Thickness of the film is preferably 2-100 m.    USE -   As flat film with amorphous silicon thin film on surface, for use in solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Flat film with minimal sagging and surface faults is obtained. The film can be efficiently used by laminating with amorphous silicon thin film in solar battery.
NOVELTY - The catalyst contains a metallic element chosen from caesium and strontium adhering to oxide baked object containing copper oxide, zinc oxide and alumina.    USE -   For ammonia synthesis, petrochemical process, low calorie town gas manufacture, phosphoric acid type fuel battery process.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst has excellent activity under low temperature, heat resistance and durability.
NOVELTY - The algae culture medium consists of inorganic substances, hardening materials, nutrients for algae culture and weight-reducing materials. The culture medium is a cast object with density of 1 g/cm3 or less.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of algae culture medium. The hardening material, nutrients and weight-reducing material are mixed into the inorganic substance and cast.    The inorganic substance is coal ash or incineration ashes. The hardening material is cement or water glass. The nutrient for the algae culture is phosphorus or iron. The weight-reducing material is aluminum, pearlite, granular pumice stone or shirasu balloon mineral.    The algae culture medium consists of 5 weight parts (wt. pts.) or more of nutrient material, 10 wt. pts. or more of hardening materials and 20 wt. pts. or less of weight reducing material in 100 wt. pts. of inorganic substance.    The nutrient for algae culture is obtained by mixing predetermined amount of iron with alkali phosphate compound or aluminum phosphate compound. The obtained mixture is heated above 100 C, hardened and cast. Then, the cast article is processed to reduce its alkali content.    USE -   The cultured algae is used as a raw material for manufacture of alcohol, which can be used in fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The inorganic substances such as coal ash and incineration ashes can be effectively utilized for culturing of algae. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by the algae culture without contaminating the water.
NOVELTY - The flow field plate comprises a series of high-graphite ink formable layers (59) that solidify and bond together upon curing, are deposited on an electrically conductive separator plates (51) and an MEA-membrane electrode assembly (52). In the flow field wall structure pattern (50) formed on each side of each separator plate, deposited layers forms lands (54) between which are formed reactant flow channels (56).    USE - The manufacture of fuel cell flow-field plates for use in a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Relatively low equipment, processing and material costs; reduction of waste material; suitable for small scale batch processing as well as mass production. Ability to make use of different materials with different physical characteristics in different regions of the deposited layers forming the flow-field pattern. Ability to support more complex flow field designs that are not constrained by the cutter geometry of a machining process and the homogenous plate material requirement of other manufacturing processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A method of making flow-field plate    (2) The use of hydrogen as a fuel gas    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic exploded view of a pair of consecutive units of a fuel cell stack.    Flow field wall structure pattern (50)    Double sided flow field pattern separator plate (51)    Membrane electrode assembly - MEA (52)    Lands (54)    Reactant flow channels (56)    High-graphite ink formable layers (59)
NOVELTY - Each layer (L1) (L2) (L3) of the ionic conduction device comprises an electrolyte membrane with a gas permeable electrode on each opposed surface. Interconnects (15a) to (15d) contact the electrodes to provide electrical continuity through the stack. Gas flow passages (18) (20) (22) extend through the layers and interconnects between the two ends (E1) (E2) of the stack.    USE - As solid electrolyte ionic conduction device, as an oxygen generator or as a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - In contrast with previously known devices gas flow is through the layers and interconnects of the stack rather than through the stack to and from plenems along the sides of the stack. This considerably facilitates manufacture and construction and thus results in a substantial cost saving. Tolerances such as flatness of the layers are less critical than with conventional arrangements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT claims is also included for a method of operating an ionic conduction device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded diagrammatic perspective view of an oxygen generator.    stack ends (E1, E2)    flow paths (F1, F2, F3)    layers (L1, L2, L3)    spaces (S1-S6)    interconnects (15a-15d)    flow passages (18, 20 , 22)    stack sides (19, 21, 23)    layer faces (30, 31)
NOVELTY - A molten carbonate fuel cell has an electrolyte matrix (3) with an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer (3b) at its side facing the cathode (2).    USE - As a molten carbonate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte matrix exhibits a reduced nickel ion concentration gradient in the cathode region so that nickel ion transport from the cathode into the electrolyte matrix is reduced resulting in protection against short-circuiting and increased fuel cell life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The electrolyte matrix (3) has a lithium aluminate layer (3a) at its side facing the anode (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of an anode/electrolyte matrix/cathode assembly of a fuel cell according to the invention.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Electrolyte matrix (3)    Lithium aluminate layer (3a)    Aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer (3b)
NOVELTY - A molten carbonate fuel cell cathode comprises a porous electrically conductive support and an applied catalytically active layer (2b), both of which are resistant to the electrolyte.    USE - As a cathode for a molten carbonate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The support does not require catalytic activity so that it can be made of a wide range of inexpensive, electrolyte-resistant materials, while the catalytically active layer can consist of a low conductivity electrolyte-resistant material. The cathode has better resistance to the electrolyte than conventional metallic nickel cathodes so that the fuel cell has a longer life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cathode for a molten carbonate fuel cell comprises (a) a support structure of a porous electrically conductive material which has little or no solubility in the electrolyte and/or the ions of which are not reducible by hydrogen present in the electrolyte; and (b) an applied layer (2b) of a catalytically active material which is resistant to the electrolyte.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a molten carbonate fuel cell equipped with the above cathode. Preferred Features: The support structure consists of aluminum-doped zinc oxide and the catalytically active layer consists of lithium ferrite, lithium cobaltite, copper oxide or lithium manganite.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a magnified cross-sectional view of a cathode according to the invention.    Catalytically active layer (2b)
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell assembly includes an anode side with a fuel gas and water distribution plate, a hydrophobic gas diffusion backing and hydrophilic wick to facilitate membrane humidification.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement allows water to be distributed to the polymer electrolyte membrane for humidification using normal cell components without affecting active area or reactant flow rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The assembly anode side comprises: a distribution plate supplying fuel gas and water; a hydrophobic gas diffusion backing with one side contacting the distribution plate and the other side contacting the electrode separation membrane; and a hydrophilic wick passing through the backing for wicking water to the membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an expanded cross section of a fuel cell of the invention    Anode side (12)    Cathode side (14)    Catalysed membrane (16)    Distribution plate (18)    Oxidant feed channels (22)    Hydrophobic gas diffusion backing (24)    Flow field plate (26)    Fuel feed channels (28)    Hydrophobic gas diffusion backing (32)    Sewn wicking thread (34)
NOVELTY - Metal compounds are produced via a process of exposing graphite oxide to a metal chloride.    USE - A carbonaceous metal oxide is useful for batteries and catalysts.    ADVANTAGE - The process is carried out under mild conditions and can occur in aqueous solution, and can produce high surface area ceramics in high yield which can be in the form of the carbon precursor such as powder, fibre or fabric. The process is low cost relative to prior processes starting from graphite fluoride or sol-gel processes    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process comprises: (i) exposing graphite oxide to a metal chloride at or below the decomposition temperature of the graphite oxide for a sufficient time to form a carbonaceous reaction product containing elements of metal, oxygen and chloride, and (ii) heating the intermediary product in air to at least 300degreesC for a sufficient time to oxidize and remove the carbon and chlorine, so as to obtain the metal oxide product.
NOVELTY - Gaseous phase etching is done after which the photoelectric layer conversion surface is not exposed to atmosphere. A p-type semiconductor layer (106) is then formed on the photoelectric conversion layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin silicon oxide film (116) is formed by oxidizing the n-type crystal silicon layer surface (104) using plasma. The crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion layer (105) formed on the oxide film (116), is exposed to air.    USE -   For solar battery, optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the gaseous phase etching of the photoelectric conversion layer surface was performed before the formation of p-type semiconductor layer, an inexpensive silicon group thin film photoelectric converter can be manufactured efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the model perspective diagram explaining the manufacturing method of the crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion unit for the thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus. (104) n-type crystal silicon layer surface; (105) Crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion layer; (106) P-type semiconductor layer; (116) Thin silicon oxide film.
NOVELTY - The composite electrode contains solid polymer electrolyte and catalyst particle (3). The pore (4) provided in the inner surface of the electrode carries electronically conducting substance.    USE -   For water electrolyzer having electrical supply object and fuel battery having collector with gas diffusion layer contacted to the electrode surface (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The composite electrode has low resistance and large electronic conductivity. The electrolytic voltage in the water electrolyzer is reduced and energy efficiency is improved. The operating voltage of fuel battery is reduced and output electricity is improved. The safety of water electrolyzer and fuel battery is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional drawing of solid polymer electrolyte-catalyst composite electrode. (3) Catalyst particle; ; (4) Pore.
NOVELTY - The porous composite electrode has an electronic conductive layer formed on an electrode surface. The composite electrode contains solid polymer electrolyte and a catalytic particle.    USE -   For water electrolyzer having electric supplier which is contacted with electronic conductive layer on the electrode (claimed), fuel batteries having collector with gas diffusion layer which is contacted with electronic layer of the electrode (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The composite electrode has low resistance and large electronic conductivity. The electrolytic voltage in the water electrolyzer is reduced and energy efficiency is improved. The operating voltage of fuel battery is reduced and output electricity is improved. The safety of water electrolyzer and fuel battery is ensured. Diffusion of gas within the fuel battery is made smooth.
NOVELTY - A crack generated in curdled cast (3) is detected by acoustic emission method and the position detected is filled with a coagulate silicon (2) which is dissolved above the cast in a casting mold (1).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon cast manufacturing apparatus. An elastic wave sensor (12) detect the crack in the cast, a calculating device (14) calculates the generating position based on the elastic wave and a heat regulating device (16) maintains the dissolution of the cast. Based on the calculations of the elastic wave, heat is transferred from the upper portion of the silicon cast.    USE -   The polycrystalline silicon cast is used for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Silicon substrates without any cracks are obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of silicon cast manufacturing apparatus. (1) Casting mold; (2) Silicon coagulate; (3) Cast; (12) Elastic wave sensor; (14) Calculating device; (16) Heat regulating device.
NOVELTY - The mold (1) for casting polycrystalline silicon (4) for ingot (9) manufacture has a taper angle of 0.5 or more and a bottom mold plate (3) enlargement taper angle of 10 or less on the side wall (2). This enables reducing the coagulation purification time of silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The side wall of the mold can be detached from the bottom mold plate which has an elevator (5) attached to it. The side wall of the mold is fixed to the interior of a casting chamber and the bottom mold plate is made elevatable such that it moves in and out of the casting chamber. The chamber is maintained under reduced pressure of vacuum. A container (10) equipped with an electron gun (11) is provided in the chamber to melt polycrystalline silicon. Molten silicon is cast into the mold where electron beam (15) heats silicon to form a coagulate for ingot manufacture. A through-hole is provided below the upper end of the side wall and has a stopper to close the through-hole. Remaining molten silicon (14) after completion of casting of the ingot is pulled out from the mold through the through-hole and is collected in a container.    USE -   For ingot of solar batteries cast using high purity polycrystalline silicon.    ADVANTAGE -   Provision of taper angle in the side wall of the mold and provision for pulling out extra molten silicon metal remaining after completion of casting reduces the time taken for coagulation purification of polycrystalline silicon. Therefore, high purity silicon used for a solar battery is manufactured cheaply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross- section of the silicon casting mold during coagulation of silicon and during removal of ingot from the mold. (1) Mold; (2) Side wall; (3) Bottom mold plate; (4) Casting polycrystalline silicon; (5) Elevator; (9) Ingot; (10) Container; (11) Electron gun; (14) Remaining molten silicon; (15) Electron beam.
NOVELTY - Phthalocyanate antimony positive ion containing salt is mixed in a solvent in atmospheric condition. The mixture is subjected to electron reduction with a material whose oxidation potential lies between 50-100 mV, to produce stable phthalocyanine radical anion.    USE -   For electronic devices especially n-type semiconductor for solar battery, optical functional materials.    ADVANTAGE -   The device employing the radical anion exists stably in atmosphere.
NOVELTY - A separator for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a surface roughness of 0.1-10 micron, when measured with a probe having a tip diameter of 5 micron, at the surface which contacts the cell electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The separator provides a low contact resistance at the interface with the cell electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for producing the separator, comprising immersing a molding of the separator in an acid solution.
NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell of p-i-n structure with an amorphous silicon intrinsic layer has an intrinsic boundary layer of reduced hydrogen content and increased density at the interface with a p-conducting layer.    USE - As a thin film solar cell with an a-Si:H intrinsic layer.    ADVANTAGE - The intrinsic layer is formed with high efficiency and minimal functional degradation at a high deposition rate and at a lower temperature compared with the conventional hot wire process so that it can be used directly in conventional superstrate technology employing a glass/TCO (transparent conductive oxide) substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a process for production of the above solar cell, in which the intrinsic layer is deposited by the hot wire process while the substrate temperature is adjusted to below 300 degrees C; and    (ii) an apparatus for carrying out the above process.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor element comprises microcrystalline semiconductor having a semiconductor junction in a microcrystalline grain.    USE - In photovoltaic (solar) cells and thin film transistors    ADVANTAGE - Discontinuity in the semiconductor junction and defects between grains are reduced and conversion efficiency, heat resistance and durability are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) an element as above having three semiconductor characteristics in which a grain extends over portions of two of the characteristics;    (b) a method of making the above comprising crystallizing a semiconductor layer having one set of characteristics and growing a layer having second electrical characteristics on this to form the grain above; and    (c) a method in which microcrystal grains of different size are grown by varying the plasma power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a photovoltaic element.    photovoltaic element layers (112,113)
NOVELTY - The mold for producing the silicon ingot has a layered structure comprising an inner layer (3) containing a fused silica powder with a particle size 100 microns or less and a fine fused silica sand (31) with a particle size 100-300 microns, and an outer silica layer (4) containing a fused silica powder with a particle size of 100 microns or less and a coarse fused silica sand with a particle size 500-1500 microns bonded with a silica binder.    USE - A mold for producing a silicon ingot for use in producing a polycrystalline silicon ingot to be used for a silicon substrate for a photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cost effective method provides a silicon ingot with fewer cracks and dislocations, and without the use of a release agent.
NOVELTY - Photosensitizer for solar technical applications consists of an organic dye (I) with chemical composition and optical and electronic properties very similar to those of other organic dyes (II). The novelty is that (I) is present as highly pure substance, which can be identified by analysis and also produced by preparative separation from (II) by high power liquid chromatography (HPLC).    USE - The photosensitizer is especially useful in cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of very pure (I) ensures high and reproducible efficiency of solar cells. The separation process ensures fast, simple, reliable and reproducible protection of highly pure photosensitizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) the preparation of (I); and (b) the apparatus used.
NOVELTY - The arrangement has a press-operated circuit, a battery (7) and a light bulb (13). The head (17) of the key is inserted into an aperture in a housing and locked. When the circuit is closed the key shaft (18) and the door lock's key opening are illuminated. A housing combined with the key contains a battery and a switching arrangement with which the battery voltage can be applied to the bulb.    USE - For different types of key.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a door to be unlocked with one hand in the dark.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings illustrate various aspects of the arrangement    battery (7)    light bulb (13)    key head (17)    key shaft (18)
NOVELTY - A method of enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell has the steps of incorporating porous electrocatalyst particles in the cell at an interface between an electrode and an electrolyte where the less than 1 micron sized micro pores in the particles are impregnated with anion conducting impregnant    USE - Enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell by improving the mass transport properties within the micropores providing enhanced access to interior electrocatalyst surfaces for a reactant or a product of an electrochemical reaction induced by the electrocatalyst    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Included are INDEPENDENT CLAIMS for impregnating the particles by contacting them with the impregnant at a pressure above or below atmospheric pressure and an electrochemical fuel cell comprising an anode and cathode, an electrolyte consisting of an ion exchange membrane, and electrocatalyst particles on the interface between the elecrolyte and the anode and cathode
NOVELTY - In a solid electrolyte fuel cell comprising an oxidant reservoir and a fuel reservoir, a non-planar electrolyte structure is interposed between the oxidant and fuel reservoirs.    USE - A high temperature fuel cell having an inorganic electrolyte membrane and using liquid fuel (diesel and gasoline), for automobile power plants and intermittent operation power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is capable of withstanding up to 4000 thermal cycles of from room temperature to operating temperatures of up to 1000degreesC, in times ranging from less than 5 mins. to 1 hr.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte structure includes an oxygen-ion-conductive electrolyte comprising a thin, flexible, pre-sintered, polycrystalline ceramic sheet having a selected largest linear sheet dimension falling within a sheet base plane. The electrolyte sheet includes at least one elevated stress relief section having a sheet elevation above the sheet base plane such that the ratio of the sheet elevation to the largest sheet dimension is in the range 1:600 to 1:3.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a center feed, radial flow fuel design showing a unit cell of a stack.    Fuel cell design (25)    Non planar electrode/electrolyte/electrode foil (30)    Perforated metal manifold tubes (35, 36)    Perforated ceramic tube (38)    Baffle ring (40)
NOVELTY - The generator comprises means for converting hydrogen-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas to electrical energy, and means for drawing current from the generator after it shuts down to thereby consume at least a portion of the hydrogen-containing fuel remaining in the generator.    USE - A fuel cell generator in which the stack terminals are connected through a resistor, thereby continuing to draw current at the beginning of a STOP transient operation.    ADVANTAGE - The current is dissipated in the resistor as heat, and the problems associated with the oxidation of hydrogen-rich fuel in the combustion zone of the fuel cell generator are reduced or eliminated. After the fuel is oxidized, the energy dissipator is passively and automatically disconnected.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a perspective view of an individual tubular fuel cell having an open top end which extends into the combustion zone of a fuel cell generator.    Individual tubular fuel cell (12)    Bottom end (13)    Top end (14)    Combustion zone (15)    Porous air electrode (16)    Porous fuel electrode (17)    Tube (18)    Oxygen containing gas (AI)    Exhaust gas (AE)    Fuel (FI)    Fuel (FE)
NOVELTY - Direct cracking of hydrocarbons with nickel containing catalyst at elevated temperature is used to produce high purity hydrogen.    USE - For use in production of hydrogen, preferably for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Allows the production of pure hydrogen by direct cracking of hydrocarbon while avoiding formation of carbon oxides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of hydrogen by contacting stream of hydrocarbon gas with nickel containing catalyst at 400-900 degreesC to convert gas to hydrogen. The process is carried out until the catalyst is deactivated through deposition of carbon.
NOVELTY - A multilayered body consisting of an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) lamination portion (2), solar battery cell arrangement portion (3), back film feed zone (4), module lamination portion (5), sealing resin paint cloth portion (6) and resin curved portion (7), is subjected to aging. Then, the multilayered body is sealed after full cross-linking and hardening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module manufacturing apparatus.    USE - USE For manufacturing solar battery module used in residences and various consumer applications.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE The sequence of steps involved in solar battery module manufacture, ensures reliable mass production. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows production process diagram of solar battery module. (2) Lamination portion; (3) Module arrangement portion; (4) Feed zone; (5) Lamination portion; (7) Curved portion.
NOVELTY - Conducting board (101) has two sets of photovoltaic cells which are serially laminated. Each cell consists of N, I and P type semiconductor layers (102-1-102-6). The I type semiconductor layer on the board comprises fine crystal silicon.    USE -   For solar battery, sensor, image pick-up element, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The conversion efficiency is stabilized for long periods due to inclusion of fine crystal silicon. Adhesion between the semiconductor layer and the conducting board is raised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a schematic sectional view of the photovoltaic cell. (101) Conducting board; (102-1-102-6) N, I and P type semiconductor layers.
NOVELTY - Inorganic substance coating material of silicate group is blended with 10-30 wt% of fine particles of alumina to form insulated membrane (2) of thickness 1-10 m on the surface of stainless steel plate (1).    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Has excellent heat and moisture resistance. No evolution of harmful gas during deposition of amorphous silicon. Since insulation is formed by low thermal baking, there is no bad influence caused by thermal effect. Closing-light effect is very large since alumina fine particles are dispersed. Solar battery of high photoelectric conversion efficiency due to insulation membrane can be obtained using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows insulated membrane formed in the surface of stainless steel plate. (1) Stainless steel plate; (2) Insulated membrane.
NOVELTY - Inner container (11) consists of several cells (15) separated from a modifier (16) by a partition plate (13). A combustor (14) burns the cathode and anode gases, and the exhaust gas is directed to the modifier. A CO2 blower (18) provided in an outer container (12), guides the exhaust gas from an exhaust outlet (24) to an external flowpath (19) that surrounds the inner container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cathode waste gas is attracted to the top of container and a cathode gas blower (17) mixes the cathode waste gas with air and exhaust gas. The mixture is introduced as cathode gas into an opening (23). A fuel pipe (30) is provided for supplying heating gas to the modifier. An anode gas pipe (31) supplies anode gas formed by the modifier to the anode of each cell. An anode waste gas pipe (32) guides the anode waste gas from the anode to the combustor.    USE -   In fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Possesses compact structure and reduces pressure loss. Improves efficiency as heat loss is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross-sectional view of a double container type fuel battery. (11) Inner container; (12) Outer container; (13) Partition plate; (14) Combustor; (15) Cell; (16) Modifier; (17) Cathode gas blower; (18) Carbon dioxide blower; (19) External flowpath; (30) Fuel pipe; (31) Anode gas pipe; (32) Anode waste gas pipe.
NOVELTY - A phosphoric acid type fuel battery of a power generator has phosphorus acid electrolyte in electrolyte matrix between positive and negative electrodes. Service conditions of the power generator during running are controlled so that the concentration of the electrolyte in the matrix during stoppage is &lt;91.6% in terms of weight.    USE -   Used in fuel battery electrical power generator.    ADVANTAGE -   Since low liquid state of an electrolyte resistance remains, it can start also at low temperature. Heat retention apparatus and moist gas supply apparatus become unnecessary so generator size is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the freezing temperature characteristics of phosphoric acid aqueous solution.
Plasma treatment is applied to a high molecular material in an electrolyte solution and the electrolyte solution is held by the high molecular material to gel it.    USE -   A solid electrolyte is suitably used in an electrochemical device, such as a lithium secondary battery, an electrical double layer capacitor, a sensor, an electrochromic display, and a wet type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Adhesion to a collector and an electrode is good, an internal resistance is low, and preservation properties are good.
NOVELTY - The inner surface of the crucible (1) is vertically divided by a selector (4) having through-holes (5) penetrating along thickness direction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of silicon ingot which has unidirectional polycrystalline structure. The silicon raw material is provided in the lower space (6) of the crucible, melted and cooled in lower space and upper space (16).    USE -   For manufacture of silicon substrate (claimed) used in solar battery, electronic industries.    ADVANTAGE -   Silicon ingot having excellent orientation is obtained. The silicon ingot offers silicon substrate with excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional outline of crucible. (1) Crucible; (4) Selector; (5) Through-holes; (6) Lower space; (16) Upper space.
NOVELTY - A membrane electrode unit contains a polymer electrolyte membrane with porous reaction layers on both sides. The reaction layers have a inhomogeneous microstructure made of a proportion of catalyst A1 impregnated with ionomer and embedded in the ionomer and a residual proportion of catalyst A2. Ratio of A1:A2 is 1-20:1, preferably 3-10:1.    USE - For polymer-electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Gas can be easily transported into the reaction layers improving the accessibility of the reaction gases to the catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (I) the production of a membrane electrode unit comprising    (1) preparing an ink A by dispersing a proportion of catalyst A1 in a solution of ionomer in a solvent A;    (2) preparing an ink B by dispersing a proportion of a catalyst A2 in a solvent B;    (3) purifying ink A and ink B to form a common ink C;    (4) homogenizing ink C;    (5) coating a polymer electrode unit with ink C; and    (6) drying the coating; and    (II) the ink used in the above production containing catalyst, ionomer and organic solvent.    Solvent A and B are miscible with each other and solvent B does not dissolve the ionomer.
Solar batteries are installed on hydrogen balloon tied by a rope or in basket a hydrogen balloon hangs and the obtained electric power is led by a cable to ground. The electric power thus obtained is fed to water electrolyser to generate hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, which are stored in storages. The hydrogen gas and oxygen gas may be fed to fuel cell to generate electric power and this is one other solar electric power generation method and equipment. It has relatively smaller working space.
NOVELTY - Direct cracking of hydrocarbon with nickel containing catalyst at elevated temperature is used to produce hydrogen and carbon filaments or fibers, avoiding the formation of carbon oxides.    USE - For use in hydrogen production e.g. for fuel cell use.    ADVANTAGE - Pure hydrogen is efficiently obtained and the formation of carbon oxides is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The stream of hydrocarbon is contacted with nickel containing catalyst at 400-900 degreesC to convert the gas to carbon filaments or fibers and hydrogen.
NOVELTY - The contact angle on a surface of the separator according to a liquid-drop method using water is set at 3 degrees-70 degrees by hydrophilic treatment of a molded or machined raw material for the separator in a hydrophilic gas.    USE - Separator for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Solving the problems encountered in conventional techniques, and being low in cost and having excellent hydrophilic property and electric conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a method of manufacturing the separator for fuel cells, having the step of molding or machining a raw material for the separator.
NOVELTY - A thin-film single crystal silicon solar cell is manufactured by forming frontside and backside transparent plastic plate and antireflective layers.    USE - Manufacture of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The thin substrate structure and backside AR layer enhance the device conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises:    - implanting a p or n single crystal silicon substrate through a resist mask to form active regions;    - adding and patterning oxide;    - adding a metal layer and patterning to form metal lines;    - adding an overall antireflective (AR) layer;    - bonding a glass plate to a transparent plastic plate;    - bonding the plastic plate to the AR layer;    - reducing the substrate thickness by removal of material from the underside;    - adding a second AR layer on the underside;    - bonding a second glass plate to a second transparent plastic plate;    - bonding the second plastic plate to the second AR layer;    - and removing both glass plates by heating or dipping in solvent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the solar cell formed by the method of the invention.    Transparent plastic plates (21,22)    Backside (second) AR layer (18)
NOVELTY - The fluid includes a dielectric liquid (22), many aggregate particles (21), including photovoltaic cores (23) surrounded by dielectric shields (24) and having a bipolar junction diode to generate an electric potential in the presence of light. When some of the photovoltaic cores are exposed to light and an externally applied electric field, an electroviscous response results.    USE - For hydraulic applications.    ADVANTAGE - Viscosity increases on application of a polarizing potential and is intensified by simultaneously applying a second form of energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the behavior of the fluid in the presence of electrically uncharged or charged electrodes.    glass beaker (12)    electrodes (13,14)    wires (15,16)    switch (17)    high voltage power supply (18)    dual energy dependent fluid (20)    aggregate particles (21)    dielectric fluid (22)    core (23)    shield (24)
NOVELTY - Partial oxidation reformer provides compactness, rapid startup capability and good dynamic response.    USE - For use in fuel cell powered vehicles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The propulsion system for vehicle comprises a fuel cell containing: (a) positive and negative electrodes separated by an electrolyte, (b) a mechanism for forming methanol droplets of less than 50 microns diameters with or without water, (c) a unit for partially oxidizing methanol droplets in mixtures containing air and in the presence of oxide catalyst in overall exothermic reaction continuously to produce hydrogen-containing gas at 500 degrees C or below, (d) a device for delivering the hydrogen-containing gas to the negative electrode of the fuel cell and (e) a device for delivering air to the positive electrode of the fuel cell to produce DC power for operating an electric motor in a vehicle.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte consists of lithium or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), with lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) mol.% chosen from the range of 55 - 80 and sodium carbonate mol.% chosen in the range of 30 - 40.    USE - For molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte having an off-eutectic composition greatly reduces the segregation effect. 50 - 20% increase in carbonate iron conductivity is observed at 650 degrees C. The performance of the MCFC is improved. The nickel oxide dissolution from cathode is suppressed and the electrolyte exhibits reduced corrosion. The precipitation of barium or calcium is also eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell consisting of a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte consisting of lithium or sodium carbonate and a CaBaLiNa carbonate, having calcium and barium mol.% within the range of 2 - 10.
NOVELTY - A light emitting diode (LED) consisting of a III- V group compound semiconductor and a solar battery element are formed on a same silicon substrate.    USE -   For traffic signals utilizing non-conversional energy source.    ADVANTAGE -   The power developer in the solar battery is directly fed to the LED internally, without requiring external source, which promotes energy conservation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the element structure of photoelectric conversion type light emitting device.
An n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer are laminated and further, a transparent electrode layer is laminated on the n-type semiconductor layer side, and a metallic electrode layer is laminated on the p-type semiconductor layer side to form a composite laminate. Light input from the transparent electrode layer side is converted into a current by the n-type and p-type semiconductor layers and the metallic electrode layer is functions as an anode and the transparent electrode layer is functioned as a negative electrode. In a so formed solar cell, a composite oxide layer represented by a composition formula of (Ti1- x Fex ) Oy, (where x = 0.02 - 0.35 atom ratio and y = 1.5 - 2.0 atom ratio), and having an amorphous texture is incorporated and laminated in an average layer thickness of 0.1 - 5. micron to provide an electricity storage power.    ADVANTAGE -   Various apparatus are reduced in size and weight.
NOVELTY - The semiconductor layer of the photovoltaic cell comprises a p-type semiconductor layer, an i-type semiconductor layer and an n-type semiconductor layer. The i-type semiconductor layer comprises amorphous silicon whose rate of crystallization and hydrogen content change in the thickness direction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the photovoltaic cell.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The conversion efficiency, curvilinear factor and short circuit current density of the photovoltaic cell are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic model sectional view of the photovoltaic cell.
NOVELTY - Silicon or other silicon compound-containing gas is supplied to plasma chamber during film formation. The volume and pressure of gas are such that equation relating gas maintenance time is satisfied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The temperature is set at 150-500C, and the pressure inside the chamber is set to 0.01-0.5 torr.    USE -   For plasma CVD apparatus used in formation of crystal silicon film during manufacture of photovoltaic cells of solar battery and thin film transistors.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables forming fine crystal film, and thereby raises production efficiency.
NOVELTY - A transparent electrically conductive film comprising zinc oxide (2) is provided on the surface of a substrate (1) and roughness is imparted to the surface by etching in an acidic or alkaline solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are also included for the production of the substrate and for a semiconductor device    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The conversion efficiency of the solar battery is increased by the transparent electrically conductive film. The manufacturing cost is very low.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the substrate for solar batteries. (1) Substrate; (2) Zinc oxide film.
NOVELTY - The crystalline semiconductor substrate surface is cleaned and treated with highly concentrated alkaline solution. The alkaline solution treatment makes the surface of semiconductor substrate uneven.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers optimum uneven structure for solar battery with sufficient power generation. Removes process distortion generated by substrate surface sliced from ingot reliably. Offers solar battery with high photoelectric conversion characteristics, offers favourable characteristics. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view explaining manufacturing process of solar battery.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon heating gas from a fuel gas cylinder (8) is supplied to a fuel battery (3) for electricity generation. Cooling water from cooling units (7,9) is made to circulate in the fuel battery and heat from the battery of the fuel gas cylinder is absorbed by heat exchangers (11,14).    USE -   Used in solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Temperature reduction of hydrocarbon heating gas in cylinder is suppressed and reduction of discharge pressure is prevented, hence predetermined discharge capacity is maintained. Electricity generation is stabilized as waste heat is effectively used. As exceptional heat retention units are avoided, size of system is reduced and cost is lowered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the internal block diagram of solid polymeric type fuel battery. (3) Fuel battery; (7,9) Cooling units; (8) Fuel gas cylinder; (11,14) Heat exchangers.
NOVELTY - Separators (14,16) supports an anode (20) and a cathode (22) on both sides of an electrolyte film (18). The separator has lap grooves (42,52) surrounding the electrodes. Elastic tubular unit (54,56) arranged on the grooves are adhered to electrolyte film.    USE -   Used in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Contact resistance is reduced effectively and desired cell property is obtained as tubular unit deforms on adhering with electrolyte film so fuel battery cell adhesion is raised preventing gas leakage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional dissolution state diagram of fuel battery. (14,16) Separators; (18) Electrolyte film; (20) Anode; (22) Cathode; (42,52) Lap grooves; (54,56) Elastic tubular unit.
NOVELTY - The cooling plate (30) has an incoming radiation space heated with heat transferred from the fuel battery. Preheat is carried out with the heat transfer from the incoming radiation space by a preheat space. Cathode gas (13) is preheated in preheat space to the temperature suitable for incoming radiation space.    USE -   For fuel battery used in electricity generation installation.    ADVANTAGE -   Since cathode recycle is not performed, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration of the cathode inlet gas can be increased so battery life is improved. Since cathode capacity reduces, pressure loss by the side of cathode can be reduced, so plant efficiency is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional view of the cooling plate for fuel batteries. (13) Cathode gas; (30) Cooling plate.
NOVELTY - The apparatus forms an electrochemical deposition film on the internal circumference surface of a base material (23). The base material is rotated at an axis with a rotator (54). The base material is moved axially with a moving unit.    USE -   Used in solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   A film with uniform thickness is produced as electrochemical deposition is done on the whole internal circumference of deposition base material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded sectional view of base material rotator and moving unit. (23) Base material; (54) Rotator.
NOVELTY - The coating film (7) which is applied on the board (1) and heat processed contains a tin-doped indium oxide fine powder (5) and thermoplastic resin (3) having particle diameter of 0.1 m or less. The heat processing is done at a temperature more than the softening point of the thermoplastic resin.    USE -   Used for manufacturing transparent, conductive board used as electromagnetic shielding material for EL display, LCD, touch panel, solar battery, front panel of cathode ray tube, etc. used in infirmary.    ADVANTAGE -   The board has good transparency and low surface resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the conductive board. (1) Board; (3) Thermoplastic resin; (5) Fine powder; (7) Coating film.
NOVELTY - About 60 weight percent or less of low concentration electrolyte is impregnated to the matrix of the unit cell (10) of fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrolyte replenishing device.    USE -   For electrolyte replenishing for fuel battery in power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases diffusion permeation velocity of an electrolyte. Prolongs life of battery by maintaining electricity generation for long period of time and the ion conductivity accompanied by seal function and uniform diffusion of an electrolyte. Prevents deterioration of porous carbon material which is the electrode material of a battery, thereby improving power generation sharply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure depicts perspective diagram of fuel battery. (10) Unit cell.
NOVELTY - The reactor has parallel tubes of hexagonal cross-section, closely assembled to leave no gaps, within a containing cylinder. The production hydrogen from steam and methanol is an endothermic reaction requiring temperatures of 150-650 degrees C. The heat is supplied by combustion tubes (4) internally coated with catalytic material (5) embedded in catalytic granules (6) into which the reagents are fed. The hexagonal walls (3) are membranes with a porous carrier material coated with layers (10) which permit the selective passage of hydrogen.    USE - For the production of hydrogen for fuel cells by the reaction of methanol and steam.    ADVANTAGE - The efficient reactor is of compact design such that it can be incorporated into a vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show a plan view and a section through a schematic representation.    Element tube (3)    Combustion tube (4)    Catalytic coating (5)    Main reactor catalyst (6)    Outer cylinder (9)    Membrane layer (10)    Heater fuel and reagents (13,16)
NOVELTY - A CO concentration reducing apparatus (100) for reducing the CO concentration in a H2-rich gas consists of a selective oxidation means (120) into which the H2-rich gas and oxidative gas are introduced, a first catalyst (121) and a second catalyst (122) in the oxidation means, the second catalyst aiding oxidation of at least one component at a temperature equal to the ambient temperature of the apparatus (100).    USE - In reducing the CO content of an H2-rich stream supplied from a methanol reformer to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus and methods raise the internal temperature of the CO selective oxidation unit rapidly following start-up so that the device quickly becomes effective. The second catalyst causes the temperature of the selective oxidation unit to rise from ambient temperature. Moisture removal prevents degradation of the function of the selective oxidation catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a driving method for the apparatus, comprising introducing a H2-rich gas containing CO into a reaction chamber, reducing the CO concentration, discharging the H2-rich gas from the reaction chamber, and raising a temperature of the reaction chamber (120) to or above a predetermined temperate when the apparatus is started.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a CO-selective oxidation unit of the invention.    Inlet for the H2-rich gas and an O2 gas (123)    Selective oxidation catalyst of Pt-Ru for selective oxidation of CO (121)    Pt oxidation catalyst for oxidation of components of the H2-rich stream to raise the internal temperature of the unit (122)    Outlet for a stream containing at least 75% H2 and below 1% CO (124)
NOVELTY - A combined electrolytic and fuel cell, comprising an oxygen electrode, a hydrogen electrode and a solid electrolyte membrane, has a multi-component oxygen electrode catalyst which contains oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation components.    USE - As a combined polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell (at a terminal voltage of less than 1.01 V) and water electrolysis cell (at a terminal voltage of more than 1.48 V) for electric vehicles (to provide energy storage during braking and energy supply during acceleration), for use as an emergency current supply, for compensating voltage fluctuations in mains supplies, for energy storage in space travel and as a teaching aid.    ADVANTAGE - The combined cell operates at low overvoltages, can be constructed from inexpensive carbon materials, can be switched between the two functions (electrolysis/fuel cell operation) within a few milliseconds and performs cycles with equalized charge/discharge balance without water circulation.
NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is obtained by electrolysis using hollow micro-fibers as solid electrolytes, the internal and external surfaces of which support the anodes and cathodes.    USE - To produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The volume required to carry out the reaction is extremely small and can be carried out on board a motor vehicle that may be driven by the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fibers are made using zirconium oxide stabilized by yttrium. The external diameter is from 50 to 280 mum. The feed gas is a mixture of CO2 and H2O which following high temperature electrolysis is converted to CO and H2, the O2 separating through the fiber wall as a permeate. The hydrogen is subsequently separated using a gas separation membrane also made of hollow micro-fibers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a longitudinal section of a hollow micro-fiber suitable for implementing the invention.    anode (2)    cathode (3)
NOVELTY - A flat object coating system has a piston (14, 16) for moving an object within a cylinder (10, 12) to a region where the object is transferred to a coating apparatus (40) or is removed.    USE - Especially for surface coating of silicon wafers, particularly for PECVD in the production of amorphous thin film solar cells or production of thin surface layers on crystalline solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows individual coating of the objects at a high cycle rate without exposing the objects to damage by high air flow rates, and without the need for sealed transport holders.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A flat object coating system has a piston (14, 16) which has an object receiver and which slides in an open-ended cylinder (10, 12) with sealed first and second regions. The first region is located at the cylinder end and has a length greater than the receiver width, while the second region is sealed against atmospheric pressure independently of the piston position. A transfer device (86) passes through a cylinder opening in the second region or an adjoining further region and through the piston receiver, when it is aligned with the opening, for transfer of the object to a coating apparatus (40) or for removal of the object.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for continuous coating of flat objects preferably by plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) using the above apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an object transport system according to the invention.    Cylinder (10, 12)    Piston (14, 16)    Coating apparatus (40)    Transfer device (86)
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on a glass substrate by laser annealing a precursor layer after reducing the hydrogen content of the deposited precursor layer.    USE - The film is formed in the manufacture of thin film transistors on large glass substrates or plates for use in monitors, flat panel displays and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Introduction of an annealing stage to remove hydrogen from a CVD deposit avoids the blistering which has occurred in prior processes using laser annealing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises: (i) depositing an amorphous silicon precursor on a preheated glass substrate at a first temperature, (ii) annealing the substrate at a sufficiently higher second temperature to substantially reduce the hydrogen concentration in the precursor layer, and (iii) converting the precursor to polycrystalline silicon by laser annealing.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included which describes the formation of a thin film on a glass substrate wherein the substrate is preheated to a first temperature, a film is deposited at a lower temperature by chemical vapor deposition and the substrate is then annealed at the first temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a plan view of a glass substrate processing system.    Processing system (40)    Thermal processing chamber (42)    Cooling/load lock chambers (44)    Processing chambers (52, 54, 56, 58)    Vacuum-compatible robot (46)    Vacuum chamber (48)    Glass substrates (50)    Factory automation unit (60)    Atmospheric robot (62)    Substrate transport cassettes (64)
NOVELTY - A partial oxidation reformer comprises a longitudinal chamber containing methanol, water and air inlets, an oxidation catalyst and means for controlling the oxygen to methanol mole ratio.    USE - In the production of hydrogen for a fuel cell used to power an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer provides rapid response to variable acceleration demands due to the exothermic reaction, thus avoiding the need for thermal energy input.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A partial oxidation reformer comprises a longitudinal chamber with a methanol, water and air inlet and outlet, an igniter, and an oxidation catalyst for converting methanol and oxygen to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Means are provided for maintaining the O2 to methanol mole ratio at 0.25-0.4 for continuous operation and at higher values for startup. The catalyst is copper oxide-zinc oxide, iron-zinc oxide or cobalt supported on silica. A CuO-ZnO catalyst is preferred.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the partial oxidation reformer of the invention having a capacity of 0.8 liters.    Catalyst section comprising a ceramic honeycomb of 400 channels per square inch coated with Cu-Zn oxide catalyst (16)
NOVELTY - The reformer comprises a fuel means for a pressurized, vaporized fuel and steam mixture. A catalyst bed is connected with the fuel means and a hydrogen filtration and a burner are provided as a lightweight unit.    USE - For producing molecular hydrogen from a gasoline or other hydrocarbon fuel for use in a fuel cell. The fuel cell then generates electrical power for a motor.    ADVANTAGE - Addresses the problems of economics, efficiency, size and weight of prior art portable steam reformers used in vehicles.
NOVELTY - When electric current is passed into the electrometric analysis bath (1001) containing a board (1002) and electrode, an oxide film is formed on the board and acts as a dielectric material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the electrometric analysis apparatus.    USE -   For manufacturing photoelectric cell of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Film is formed uniformly on the board by electrometric analysis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The diagram shows the outline of electrometric analysis tank. (1001) Electrometric analysis bath; (1002) Board.
NOVELTY - A substrate consists of a base material (1) and an insulated surface layer. The insulated surface layer consists of one or more kinds of non-conductive substances (3,4) and metallic oxides. The metallic oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and tin oxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for insulated substrate manufacture.    USE -   Used in solar battery and liquid crystal display.    ADVANTAGE -   The lightweight, flexible substrate is obtained using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the explanatory drawing of insulated surface layer of substrate. (1) Base material; (3,4) Non-conductive substances.
NOVELTY - The conductive material is made of La(1-x) Srx Ga(1-y-z) Mgy Alz O3(where x0.2 but greater than 0, y0.2 but greater than 0, z is less than 0.4 but greater than 0).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrochemical effect member which is sequentially laminated with an electrode material, intermediate layer and ion oxide conductive material.    USE -   For forming members having electrochemical effect used for solid electrolyte type fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Ion oxide conductive material of high mechanical strength is provided. The deterioration of electrochemical properties and creep generation of fuel battery is eliminated. Therefore, fuel battery of excellent durability is provided.
NOVELTY - Silica raw material is heat melt to form fused silica, which is reduced by contacting graphite or silicon carbide to form silicon oxide. The silicon oxide gas is contacted with a reducer to form melt silicon, which is separated from the by-products. The separated silicon is cooled and crystallized.    USE -   For manufacture of silicon crystal raw material for solar batteries, semiconductors.    ADVANTAGE -   Cheap silica raw material is used and the silicon crystal obtained has high purity.
NOVELTY - Germanium containing impurity is contacted with a solid acid.    USE -   For electronic material and solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE -   The impurity contained in the germanium is removed safely and efficiently to obtain high purity germanium gas.
NOVELTY - Around a centrally positioned burner (2), a combustion cylinder (8), an inner cylinder (11), an intermediate cylinder (12) and an outer cylinder (13) are equipped in concentric manner leaving space inbetween them. A catalyst layer (5) is provided between the inner and the intermediate cylinders. A heat insulating layer (9) is provided at inner side of the combustion cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat carrier from the burner turns back and enters the space between the combustion cylinder and the inner cylinder so that the catalyst layer gets heated up. An exhaust outlet is provided for ejection of gas from the apparatus. The reforming of the gas is again carried out near the upper end of the outer cylinder. The gas is initially introduced through upper end of inner cylinder of reform pipe (1) from a feed hopper. Heat transfer fins are provided at the periphery of the combustion cylinder.    USE -   For reforming gaseous fuel for batteries that generate electric power.    ADVANTAGE -   The cylinders are configured with heat insulating layers and catalyst layer at specific positions, heat exchange of raw material gas and heat carrier is performed efficiently. The danger of crushing of granular catalyst layer is prevented as configuration of the apparatus is proper. Temperature gradient of reforming pipe is controlled effectively due to provision of insulation layer. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of fuel reforming apparatus. (1) Reform pipe; ; (2) Burner; ; (5) Catalyst layer; ; (8) Combustion cylinder; ; (9) Heat insulating layer; ; (11) Inner cylinder; ; (12) Intermediate cylinder; ; (13) Outer cylinder.
NOVELTY - The lamination apparatus which heat-crimps the lamination component (105) with a diaphragm (106) is set as a composition moved by a conveyor (102) in a lamination process. Carrying-in and taking-out units (103,104) are provided to convey the lamination component into and from the lamination apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lamination component contains solar battery. A base material is provided in the lamination apparatus such that lamination component is supported to reduced pressure space existed between the base material and diaphragm. Heaters are provided to heat the lamination apparatus and the lamination component simultaneously. A cooling unit is provided to cool the lamination component. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the lamination method.    USE -   For mass production of lamination components such as solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   High production line of through-put is provided as the apparatus allows to produce laminated components in large quantities, efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of lamination apparatus. (102) Conveyor; ; (103,104) Carrying- in and taking-out units; ; (105) Lamination components; ; (106) Diaphragm.
NOVELTY - A polyimide group resin film is formed on the metal surface. The resin film consists of 100-500 weight% of insulating fine particles, that has mean particle diameter of 0.05-5 nm. V-shaped ditch of 60-120 degree is formed on the metal plate.    USE -   For heat resistant substrate used in solar battery, photosensor and optical switch, thermal heat, PCB.    ADVANTAGE -   As metal surface is processed without complicated process, manufacturing is simplified. Exhibits for heat resistant and chemical resistant properties as fine insulating film particle is evenly distributed.
NOVELTY - A conductive layer (2A) which acts as base containing amorphous alloy, is formed on reverse side of an optical absorption layer (3) containing I-III-VI group compound semiconductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic apparatus manufacturing method.    USE -   In photovoltaic apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency and thermal stability since spreading length of optical carrier is long when crystal effect in absorption layer is decreased. Reduces crystallization of amorphous alloy, since orientation of I-IV group compound semiconductor is high. The safety is increased since toxic substance is eliminated. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of conductive layer arrangement of photovoltaic apparatus. (2A) Conductive layer; (3) Optical absorption layer.
NOVELTY - A redox flow battery is composed of a number of cells in electrical series defined by a stacked and repetitive arrangement of a conductive inter-cell separator having a generally bipolar function, a positive electrode, an ion exchange membrane, a negative electrode and another conductive inter-cell separator.    USE - Renewable electrochemical energy storage by redox flow battery systems, particularly vanadium redox secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - By-pass currents are substantially eliminated, resulting in increased faradic efficiency. The energy storing capacity can be 50% in excess of that possible according to prior art for the same amount of vanadium employed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery is operated by flowing a positive half-cell electrolyte containing reducible and oxidizable ions of a first redox couple through the compartment containing the positive electrodes and a negative half-cell electrolyte containing reducible and oxidizable ions of a second redox couple through the compartments containing the negative electrodes in cascade in a counter or equi-current mode. The difference of cell voltage between the first and last of the stack depends on the level and direction of electric current passed through the battery during the transit time of a given volume of electrolyte through it.
NOVELTY - In the production of a solar cell device, the surface of the insulating substrate (10) and the surface of a transparent oxide electrode (12) are cleaned with a halogen gas having a saturated vapor pressure higher than that of the etching gas used for forming the transparent oxide electrode (12). Thus transparency and light transmittance are improved.    USE - Solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - Because of the cleaning step, the surfaces of the insulating substrate and the transparent oxide electrode are so clean that transparency is high and the desired light transmittance is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a solar cell device comprises:    forming a transparent oxide electrode (12) on the surface of an insulating substrate (10);    cleaning the surface of the insulating substrate (10) and the surface of the transparent oxide electrode (12) with a halogen gas having a saturated vapor pressure higher than that of the etching gas used for forming the transparent oxide electrode (12); and    forming a surface treatment layer (14), a silicon nitride film (16), a p-type semiconductor layer (18), a buffer layer (20), an intrinsic layer (22), an n-type semiconductor layer (24) and a metal electrode (26) in that order, to form a multilayer structure.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises an electrode assembly (110) to which is mounted a cell assembly forming an anode and at least one cathode channel, with a flow facilitator filament (102) located within the cathode channel.    USE - As fuel cells (claimed) for, e.g., portable power systems    ADVANTAGE - Cell operation is improved by reducing channel blockage, removing excess condensed liquid, increasing oxidant residence time and maintaining humidity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a fuel cell stack comprising many bipolar plates and electrode assemblies including an anode layer on one side of each assembly and at least one cathode channel on the other side containing the facilitator and    (b) a method of making the stack above comprising weaving the facilitator filament between and within each cathode channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A view of a bipolar plate in the cell stack is shown.    Flow facilitating filament (102)    Assembly (110)    Cathode channel (116
NOVELTY - The flat object (2) consisting of the phosphoric acid is supported by the fuel pole catalyst layer (3) and the air pole catalyst layer. Any one or both of the catalyst layers (3) is projected towards the periphery from the outer edge of flat object.    USE -   In phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Damage of the electricity generation area caused by gas leaked from the seal section distributed around the cell is prevented hence battery is operated with stability for long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the phosphoric acid fuel battery. (2) Flat object; (3) Fuel pole catalyst layer.
NOVELTY - Reservoir board (9c) has a dense porous portion (31) having small mean pore diameter subjected to high temperature and an usual porous portion (32) having large mean pore diameter subjected to low temperature. Phosphoric acid is held in the pores of the porous portions (31,32) formed from a porous carbon material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reservoir boards are arranged on both the sides of an unit cell having a flat matrix pinched by a fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode. Fuel electrode is equipped with a fuel electrode catalyst layer and the oxidizing agent electrode is equipped with an oxidizing agent electrode catalyst layer.    USE -   For phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables stable operation for long time by preventing shortage of phosphoric acid of matrix in high temperature portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the basic composition of the reservoir board and the characteristic view showing the diameter distribution of the pores in the reservoir board. (9c) Reservoir board; (31,32) Porous portion.
NOVELTY - A roller (1000) contacting a long rectangular sheet on which oxide film is to be deposited serves as float potential or independent potential.    USE -   For depositing uniform oxide layer on a long rectangular board or a web, hoop, coil, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the roller which contacts the long rectangular board acts as an independent potential, unevenness in the thickness of zinc oxide film is not generated. Hence a uniform oxide film gives a solar battery with uniform characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the composition of making a roller in float potential. (1000) Roller.
NOVELTY - Heating gas with CO and gas with oxidizing agent are supplied to fuel and air poles (14,16) respectively to generate electromotive force. Heating gas supply is interrupted temporarily and gas with oxidizing agent supply is continued. Pt or Pt-Ru catalyst in fuel pole, deactivates CO to control battery operation so that hydrogen electrode potential of fuel pole is +0.3 V or more.    USE -   In solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the deactivation of CO is performed by platinum catalyst, the life time of fuel electrode is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid polymeric type fuel battery. (14,16) Fuel and air poles.
NOVELTY - A flexible substrate (S) is conveyed parallel to the flat surface of a heater (H) provided in a film forming chamber (V). A thin film is formed on a film forming area of substrate by sputtering of sputter electrodes (Eh,Ee) installed opposite to the heater. Before conveyance of the substrate parallel to the heater (H), a preheater (Rh) heats the substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film forming apparatus.    USE -   Used in manufacture of electrode for thin film solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves dependability of the product and manufacturing yield. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional drawing of thin film forming apparatus. (Eh,Ee) Sputter electrodes; (H) Heater; (Rh) Preheater; (S)Substrate; (V) Film forming chamber.
NOVELTY - A heater (7) heats the water from a water tank (3). An electrolyzer (2) generates oxygen and hydrogen from the water vapor obtained by heating water. Individually stored oxygen and hydrogen are humidified separately and fed into polymer type fuel battery (1) for electric power generation.    USE -   In polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Highly pure oxygen and hydrogen are utilized and hence generated power is high. Battery output is improved. Utilization factors of oxygen and hydrogen are gathered by the recycling of anode and cathode. Hydrogen molar fraction of anode and oxygen molar fraction of cathode are increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of power generation system in fuel battery. (1) Polymer type fuel battery; (2) Solid electrolyte type; (3) Water tank; (7) Heater.
NOVELTY - A molded heat pipe (10) which is bonded by lamination sheets of fuel battery to form alternate cooling medium flow path. The molded heat pipe is larger than the lamination surface area of the fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel battery (30) has a solid polymer electrolyte film sheet (1) and two or more lamination sheet having a separator (6) for oxidizing agent gas and a heating gas separator (5). The oxidizing agent gas separator has an oxidizing agent gas passageway (7). On one side of the oxidizing agent gas passage way a fuel electrode film (2) and an oxidizing agent electrode film (3) are formed.    USE -   In laminated fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintenance controller for cooling is not needed and therefore size and cost reduction of fuel battery is attained. Efficiency of electric generation is increased by shortening the startup time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structural composition of a fuel battery. (1) Solid polymer electrolyte film sheet; (2) Fuel electrode film; (3) Oxidizing agent electrode film; (5) Separator; (6) Separator; (7) Oxidizing agent gas passageway; (10) Molded heat pipe; (30) Fuel battery.
NOVELTY - A transparent oxide electrode (12) is formed on the insulation substrate (10). A p-type semiconductor layer (18) and intrinsic semiconductor layer (22) with uneven surfaces are laminated sequentially over the electrode and covered by n-type semiconductor layer (24) with metal electrode (26).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for formation of rough intrinsic semiconductor layer structure.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Optical loss is reduced due to less scattering of uneven intrinsic semiconductor layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view showing the structure and manufacturing method of solar battery. (10) Insulation substrate; (12) Transparent oxide electrode; (18) p-type semiconductor layer; (22) Intrinsic semiconductor layer; (24) n-type semiconductor layer; (26) Metal electrode.
NOVELTY - The impurity concentration on the contact portion of a multiple well layer and two different conductivity type semiconductor layers is reduced and increased, gradually along the thickness direction respectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Semiconductor layers of different conductivity type, and a multiple well layer are sequentially laminated on a semiconductor substrate. A barrier layer with a band gap and a well layer with a band gap smaller than that of barrier layer, are formed on the multiple well layer.    USE -   In the well layer of a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents carrier recombination in the multiplex quantum well layer, thus series resistance of the multiplex well layer is improved and output characteristic of the solar battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows impurity doping in the well layer of a solar battery.
NOVELTY - A transparent thin film (1) is formed on the periphery of an amorphous silicon layer (4), a metal electrode layer (5) and a transparent electrode (3). The electrode provided with the silicon and the electrode layers is formed on the transparent electrode.    USE -   For enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency of amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Utilization efficiency of incident light is enhanced which in-turn increases electric power and raises freedom on the design at the time of using a solar battery by forming transparent film appropriately on periphery of transparent electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of amorphous silicon solar battery. (1) Transparent thin film; (3) Transparent electrode; (4) Amorphous silicon layer; (5) Metal electrode layer.
NOVELTY - The separator for low temperature fuel batteries consists of stainless steel as the base material and a coating layer comprising one or more kinds among silicon carbide, boron carbide and titanium carbide formed on the surface.    USE -   For fuel batteries such as solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The separator has favourable acid resistance, conductivity and low contact resistance. The manufacturing cost of the low temperature fuel battery is reduced and it also excels in safety while using it as a movable power supply for metal manufacturing.
NOVELTY - The separator (9A) consists of a carbon board. The periphery edges of the carbon board, a water repellent process portion (10) is formed. This water repellent process portion is formed by impregnation of polytetrafluoroethylene and later baking the carbon board.    USE -   Used in phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The periphery edges of separator are prevented from getting wet with the phosphoric acid. Corrosion is prevented and the fuel battery is run with stability for a long period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows expanded sectional view of phosphoric acid type fuel battery. (9A) Separator, (10) Water repellent process portion.
NOVELTY - The conductive substrate (103) is immersed in the aqueous solution (102) containing nitrate and zinc ion. Current is passed between the electrodes immersed in the solution and the substrate is vibrated simultaneously using ultrasonic vibrator (112) to form zinc oxide film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    USE -   For manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The vacuum process is unnecessary, thus reducing sharply the preparation cost. Thin zinc oxide film excellent in uniformity is formed and hence improves environment- proof property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the zinc oxide film formation apparatus using the ultrasonic vibrator.
NOVELTY - The manufacture of a phthalocyanine compound is carried out in a reaction solution containing dimethyl sulphoxide as solvent. A solution containing a salt of hypohalogen acid is added to the reaction solution after the formation of the compound.    USE -   Phthalocyanine compounds such as chloro-gallium phthalocyanine, hydroxy-gallium phthalocyanine or titanyl phthalocyanine (claimed) are used as blue or green group pigments, dyestuffs, for electrophotographic receptors, optical disks, solar batteries, sensors, deodorants, antimicrobial materials or non-linear optical materials.    ADVANTAGE -   The total content of methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide which occur due to decomposition of dimethyl sulphoxide is reduced sharply. Therefore, the influence of methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide on the quality of phthalocyanine compound is prevented.
NOVELTY - Moisturisation of oxidizing gas with oxygen concentration of 15% or less is carried out by water bubbling. The oxidizing gas is supplied to a blow hole of a base material to form a precise quality matrix.    USE -   In manufacture of composite material used for molded solid electrolyte fuel batteries, gas separation apparatus etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Due to the moisturisation of oxidizing gas, precise quality matrix can be formed more deeper in the blow hole of the base material, and hence generation of thin cracks on base material surface due to external shocks can be prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fine matrix formed in manufacture of composite material.
NOVELTY - An electrode provided on the semiconductor surface comprises a layer (112) containing a metallic oxide of excellent permeability and a layer (122) containing metallic element and excluding oxygen. A pad electrode (101) for wire bonding is formed on the second layer.    USE -   In optical semiconductor device, e.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The optical semiconductor device has pad electrode which is excellent in optical utilization efficiency and hence enabling reliable protection against external forces such as heat shocks, etc..    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional view of the optical semiconductor device. (101) Pad electrode; (112, 122) Layers.
NOVELTY - Semiconductor material has a band gap larger than nitrogen mixed crystal compound semiconductor material which has desired band gap and 0.1% or more of nitrogen.    USE -   Lamination-type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   High lamination type solar battery of conversion efficiency is obtained, since material used has band gap larger than that of nitrogen mixed crystal compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a structural view of lamination-type solar battery.
NOVELTY - Uneven-shaped structures are formed on the board (27) and also on the surface and rear of the semiconductor thin film provided on the board. The uneven-shaped structures are formed by tracing the uneven shape and growing them on semiconductor thin film, subsequently.    USE -   For manufacture of a photoelectric conversion element, e.g. solar battery or optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Since uneven-shaped structures are formed on the surface and rear of the semiconductor thin film, the necessity for lithography several times is reduced due to which manufacturing cost is reduced. Since the semiconductor film is thin, consumption of raw material is less.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the production of a solar battery. (27) Board.
NOVELTY - A surface electrode (8) is formed by applying and printing electrode material on a phosphorus glass layer (4) generated when N-layers (2) are formed on one main surface side of the P-type silicon substrate. A back side electrode (11) is formed on the other main surface side.    USE -   For solar battery element manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the surface electrode is formed without destroying N layers, current leakage is reduced and curvilinear factor and opening voltage are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of the solar battery element. (2) N layer; (4) Phosphorus glass layer; (8) Surface electrode; (11) Back side electrode.
NOVELTY - Circumference electrodes (F1,F2) are formed at position such that they do not oppose backside electrodes and capacitors are formed at respective surface of elongated flexible substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar battery elements are electrically connected in series via backside electrodes (E3,E4) on the surface of the substrate opposing the photoelectric conversion layer formation side. The circumference electrode and capacitor (Ca) are disconnected from the solar battery unit by disconnecting portion (1k).    USE -   In thin film solar battery formed on elongated flexible substrates.    ADVANTAGE -   Stable constant voltage in photoelectric conversion characterization is obtained. Reduced number of manufacturing processes are involved thereby reducing manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows YY sectional view of optoelectric transducer based on thin film solar battery formation. (F1,F2) Circumference electrodes; (E3,E4) Backside electrodes; (Ca) Capacitor; (1k) Disconnecting portion.
NOVELTY - On the substrate (1) transparent electrically conductive film (2), cadmium sulphide film (3) and cadmium telluride film (4) are sequentially formed. Resist (7) of predetermined pattern is formed on telluride film, which is then selectively removed with mixture of hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen fluoride in the ratio 1:2-1:10. The resist is then peeled off.    USE -   For CdS/CdTe group compound pattern formation in solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables forming CdS film stably by etching only CdTe film using aqueous hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen fluoride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional view of the production process of solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Transparent electrically conductive film; (3) CdS film; (4) CdTe film; (7) Resist.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen content in the metallic film (2) near the contact surface with a thin film polycrystal silicon semiconductor layer (3) is increased compared to other parts. The contact surface or boundary surface is the field region of n-(p-) layer and p+(n+) layer or the i-type semiconductor layer.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces defects near boundary surface by increasing hydrogen content. Increases opening voltage of the solar battery. Has good photoelectric conversion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solar battery. (2) Metallic film; (3) Polycrystal silicon semiconductor layer.
NOVELTY - The desulfurizer is filled with adsorption desulfurization catalyst (30a), hydrogenation desulfurization catalyst (30b) and high temperature adsorption desulfurization catalyst, sequentially. The desulfurizer is arranged at upstream side of the electricity generation installation.    USE -   For desulfurization application in phosphoric acid battery electricity generation installation.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers efficient high concentration hydrogen sulfide, sulfur compound removal from original fuel using compact desulfurizer. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure depicts block diagram of phosphoric acid type fuel battery electricity generation installation. (30a) Adsorption desulfurization catalyst#(30b) Hydrogenation desulfurization catalyst.
NOVELTY - The surface of the powder which is molded and sintered, is covered by a thin layer of an oxygen ion conductor.    USE -   For solid electrolytes of solid fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -    Ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte is not reduced. The degree of sintering and mechanical strength can be raised. By using Bi2 O3 and CeO2group powder, the number of ions transported is improved.
NOVELTY - Cerium group oxide powder containing 0.5-50 wt% of cerium is added to the raw material containing specific group of elements selected from Mn, Co, La, Y, Sm, Gd, Pr, Ca, Cr, Ni, Mg, Zr, Ce, Fe, Al, Sc, Nd, Yb, Pb, Sr, Eu, Dy, Ba, Be such that specific equation is satisfied. The mixture is then baked.    USE -   For air pole of solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   As cerium oxide and manganese group particles of specific diameter are included, durability of air pole is raised.
NOVELTY - The conductive paste consists of silver powder, glass powder, an organic carrier and an organic solvent as principal components, to which silver chloride is added.    USE -   The conductive paste is used in manufacture of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Though the dependence of the contact resistance opposing to antireflective coating is small and has a low contact resistance, the conductive paste suitable with heat resistance is provided. The examination of electrode formation corresponding to anti-reflective coating becomes unnecessary.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the section of the solar battery.
NOVELTY - A mixed gas comprising water vapor and plasma gas (2) containing inert gas is spray on molten metal silicon (1) surface to remove boron. The temperature of the molten metal and addition of water vapor is adjusted to prevent silicon oxide film formation on the molten silicon metal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the apparatus for boron removal from metal silicon. The apparatus consists of a container (8) containing molten metal silicon. The plasma torch sprays plasma gas containing inert gas on the molten metal surface of metal silicon. A supply pipe (10) supplies mixed gas comprising water vapor and plasma gas. The thermometer (12), flowmeter (15) and flow control valve (16) control the temperature of molten metal and amount of water vapor addition, respectively. A calculator (17) stores the required relationship of temperature and water vapor addition to prevent silicon oxide film formation on molten silicon. The calculator also performs correction of measured value of temperature input and amount of water vapor added.    USE -   For removing boron impurity from silicon metal of solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Silicon devoid of boron is manufactured within a short time. The productivity of silicon for solar battery is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross sectional chart representing boron removal apparatus from metal silicon. (1) Molten metal silicon; ; (2) Plasma gas; ; (8) Container; ; (10) Supply pipe; ; (12) Thermometer; ; (13) Water vapor supply nozzle; ; (15) Flow meter; ; (16) Flow control valve; ; (17) Calculator.
NOVELTY - The solution comprises bismuth antimonate of a general formula HSb1-x Bix O3-x nH2O, where x is 0-0.5 and n is 0-10. The solution contains bismuth liquefied in cubic antimonic acid.    USE -   As solid electrolyte in hydrogen gas sensor and hydrogen fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -    The solution has a high proton conductivity of about 10-3 Scm-1which is determined by the quantity of bismuth in the solution. The solution can be synthesized easily and economically.
NOVELTY - A reformer reactor which liberates hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels including alcohol, with carbon dioxide, water, and carbon monoxide as by-products. The hydrogen produced by the reactor can be electrochemically combined with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electric power.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon fuels.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reformer reactor for producing hydrogen gas from hydrocarbons comprises:    (a) a first zone;    (b) a second zone adjacent the first zone; and    (c) a flow path for directing flow of a reaction stream in diverging directions from the first zone into the second zone, the flow of the reaction stream continuing in the same general diverging directions through the second zone.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a view of a cylindrical reformer reactor in vertical cross section.    Reformer reactor (10)    First zone (18)    Second zone (20)    Third zone (22)    Fourth zone (24)    Partial oxidation vessel (34)    Partitions (28,30, and 32)
NOVELTY - A pretreatment process for catalyst materials, especially methanol reforming catalysts, comprises: (a) a forming step involving exposure to a hydrogen-containing gas mixture followed by; (b) a deactivation step involving exposure to an oxygen-containing gas mixture.    USE - For the pretreatment of catalysts with a tendency to shrink in the reactor, especially catalysts used in methanol reforming reactions, e.g. to obtain hydrogen in fuel cell-operated motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Pretreatment is repeated until there is no further shrinkage, so that no significant loss of catalyst volume/mass occurs during prolonged operation in the reactor. There is therefore no loss of reactor performance, no need to top up the catalyst level, no overheating due to reduced heat requirements in endothermic reactions and no flaking in catalyst layers.
NOVELTY - Raw material silicon in graphite crucibles (1a,1b) is melted by irradiation of electron beam (11) at density 0.02-0.2 kW/cm2 in a decompressed chamber (40) of pressure 5x10-5 - 1x10-2 Torr. Volatile impurities are evaporated and fused silicon is cast by unidirectional solidification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Raw material silicon in a container kept in a chamber at reduced pressure is melted by a irradiation of an electron beam. Volatile impurities from the silicon melt are removed by evaporation. Then, fused silicon is cast in a casting mold kept below the container by unidirectional solidification. Graphite crucibles from which molten metal is transferred by overflow are used. The irradiation density of electron beam is 0.02-0.2 kW/cm2 and the pressure in the decompressed chamber is 5x10-5 - 1x10-2 Torr. Silicon is melted continuously as residence time of molten silicon in the container is 0.5 hours or more.    USE -   For solar battery raw material.    ADVANTAGE -   Evaporation of silicon is suppressed during refining of metal, by electron beam melting under reduced pressure. As a result, unidirectional solidification is enabled and time-dependent fluctuation of volatile impurities such as phosphorus, aluminium and calcium is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used for purification of silicon. (1a,1b) Graphite crucible; ; (3) Overflow opening; ; (11) Electron beam; ; (22) Silicon raw material; ; (31) Water-cooled casting mold; ; (40) Decompression chamber.
NOVELTY - The cylindrical dust collection hood (10) with an internal diameter almost equal to the path of the furnace (1) of a refining reactor (2) which refines silicon molten metal, is suspended on the furnace from the ceiling of the casing of the refining reactor.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Deposition of silica powder in the refining reactor casing is eliminated. Contamination of silicon molten metal by mixing of silica powder is also eliminated. Labour of cleaning of the furnace interior is reduced and thereby securing stable operation of the refining reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of the dust collector of the refining reactor. (1) Furnace; ; (2) Refining reactor; ; (10) Cylindrical dust collection hood; ; (21) Fan; ; (23) Dust collector; ; (24) Outlet gas; ; (25) Circulation path.
NOVELTY - The electrode has an adsorption film of phthalocyanine compound formed on the metal oxide semiconductor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The general formula for the phthalocyanine compound is M(X)nR, where M stands for each atom of Ti, Ga, Ge, In or Sn, X stands for oxygen atom, halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy group, n = 1 or 2, and R = hydrogen atom, halogen, NO2, NH2, OH, COOH, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic group. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the photoelectric conversion procedure.    USE -   In photoelectric conversion apparatus e.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in photoelectric conversion efficiency, stability and endurance. Simplifies manufacturing process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross sectional outline explanatory drawing of optical semiconductor electrode.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor layer is formed of a compound with basic structure AxB1-xCD2, where A = Cu or Ag, B = S or Se or Te, C = Al or Ga or In, D = Li or Na or K, and x is such that 0x1. Another semiconductor layer with different conduction type and smaller band gap is laminated on a glass substrate (1).    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides favourable synizesis in terms of characteristic from stand point of environmental problem by excluding toxic cadmium from solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing is sectional view of the solar battery element using the junction layer. (1) Glass substrate.
NOVELTY - The water vapor contained in combustion exhaust gas and water vapor contained in cathode waste gas are separately condensed in combustion exhaust gas condenser and cathode waste gas condenser, respectively. After condensation, the condensed water from combustion exhaust gas condenser and from cathode waste gas condenser are supplied separately to decarboxylation tower (6).    USE -   For removing carbonic acid and phosphate ion from condensed water in fuel battery based power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE -   As condensed water is separately supplied to decarboxylation tower, the amount of condensed water processed by decarboxylation tower is reduced hence the efficiency of removing carbonic acid is increased and the phosphate ion in condensed water is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the layout of fuel battery power generating plant. (6) Decarboxylation tower.
NOVELTY - The recovery water (7A) from waste gas cooler (7), treated water (9) from the gas-liquid separator (4) are mixed and sent to heat resistance type ion exchange resin (13), for water treatment.    USE -   For water treatment in fuel battery based electricity generation installation.    ADVANTAGE -   As water is sent to heat resistance type ion exchange resin, water is treated in a hot state. Since cooler is not needed, processing cost is reduced and water treatment is performed quickly and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery electricity generation installation water treatment apparatus. (4) Gas-liquid separator; (7) Waste gas cooler; (7A) Recovery water; (9) Treated water; (13) Heat resistance type ion exchange resin.
A fluorine-based macromolecule is reinforced by a fibre to which surface treatment using a silane coupling agent is applied. A hydrocarbon-based macromolecule is graft-polymerised with the fluorine-based macromolecule. A sulphonic acid group is introduced into the resulting graft copolymer to obtain a macromolecular electrolytic film for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The needle fibre used for reinforcement is anchored and stuck to the film. The needle fibre has no elimination, evolving no decrease in mechanical strength. The fluorine-based macromolecule has thermoplasticity. The result produces the film having any film thickness.
NOVELTY - The precursor of perfluoro carbon sulfonic acid polymer having functional group SO2F is melted following which annealing is performed for fixed time of 0.1 hour at 100-250 C. Hydrolysis is then performed to convert the perfluoro carbon sulfonic acid film into acid type.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion-exchange membrane which is the so formed perfluoro carbon sulfonic acid film is interposed between gas diffusion electrodes manufactured from catalytic layers and laminated.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    USE -   For manufacturing solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery used as power source in portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The degree of crystallinity of the polymer film is increased due to annealing hence it excels in film strength and durability.
NOVELTY - Bottom oxide thin film (11), silver system thin film (12), intermediate oxide thin film (13), another silver system thin film (14) and upper oxide thin film (15) are layered sequentially on substrate (10). The oxide film is a mixture of two or more metallic oxides. Silver system thin film of 3 at% contains Ag alloy and Cu. The intermediate film is thicker than upper oxide thin film.    USE -   For liquid crystal display, EL display, solar battery, EM shielding film, heat ray reflective film.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers high transmittance and low sheet resistivity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents cross- sectional view of transparent electrode. (10) Substrate; (11) Bottom oxide thin film; (12,14) Silver system thin films; (13) Intermediate oxide thin film; (15) Upper oxide thin film.
NOVELTY - A connector element, comprising a metal core with an electrically conductive nonmetallic surface layer, is new.    USE - In a high temperature fuel cell (claimed), especially as a bipolar plate in a fuel cell for mobile applications, e.g. in an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The connector element consists of inexpensive materials, is lightweight and flexible, has a permanently high electrical conductivity and is simple to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The layer consists of carbon and/or electrically conductive ceramic, especially a boride, nitride or carbide ceramic.
NOVELTY - The use of non-activated carbon nano-fibers in solid composite cathode or electroactive sulfur-containing cathode material for use in electric current producing cells.    USE - In production of high energy rechargeable batteries, electrolytic cells, fuel cells etc..    ADVANTAGE - Solid composite cathode has highly porous structure providing excellent access of electrolyte to electroactive sulfur materials, and also increased mechanical strength and electric conductivity, adaptability for compression and expansion during electrochemical cycling, ease of calendering or compressing to required thickness without interfering with access to electrolyte during filling or cycling of the cells, and increased adhesion to the current collector substrate and to any overlaying layers (e.g. coated layer inhibiting migration of cathode materials or a coated separator or electrolyte layer).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid composite cathode comprises:    (a) electroactive sulfur-containing material, comprising, in oxidized state, a polysulfide of formula (I); and    (b) non-activated carbon nano-fibers, at wt. ratio of (b) to (a) as 0.01:1 to 0.3:1 (preferably 0.01:1 to 0.1:1), with carbon nano-fibers having diameter below 500 nm (preferably below 100 nm), aspect ratio at least 20 (preferably at least 50) and specific surface area below 300 m2/g (preferably below 100 m2/g).    -Sm- (I);    m = 1-10 (preferably 3-10).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) electric current producing cell, comprising anode, solid composite cathode and electrolyte interposed between anode and cathode;    (b) a method of forming solid composite cathode; and    (c) a method of forming electric current producing cell, comprising providing anode and cathode, and interposing electrolyte between them.
NOVELTY - A solar cell (I) comprises a donor/acceptor composite (II) disposed between a first electrode (III) that is at least partially transparent to light and a second electrode (IV). The composite (II) comprises a light absorbing polymer that absorbs light to become an electron donor and carbon particles that function as an electron acceptor having an average diameter of 5-100 nm.    USE - The solar cell (I) is useful for the generation of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell (I) is fabricated from convenient and relatively inexpensive material and has improved electrical capacity per unit area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (B1) a monofunctional material (i) a method of forming (I) by placing (II) between (III) and (IV) (ii) a method of generating electricity by exposing (I) to light.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing depicts a perspective view of a solar cell.    solar cell (100)    electron donor layer (102)    electron acceptor layer (104)    electron accepting particles (106)    binder (108)    electrode (110)    transparent electrode (112)    inert transparent layer (114)
NOVELTY - A molded silicon powder (5) of mean particle diameter 1-5 mm or more is introduced into a graphite crucible (1) provided inside a decompression chamber (8). An electron beam is irradiated on the powder so that the mean particle diameter is 1 mm or less. Before inserting the powder into the crucible, the powder is stored in a hopper (9) where it solidifies.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Scattering of the raw silicon powder is suppressed. The amount of silicon melted is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the silicon dissolution apparatus. (1) Graphite crucible; ; (5) Silicon; ; (8) Decompression chamber; ; (9) Hopper; ; (10) Electric heater.
NOVELTY - A sputter of the target is performed and atomic or molecular sputter particle `X' is incident on the substrate to form a thin film. The ratio of distance between the area of target to the maximum width of the substrate is 1.8 or more. The ratio of collision rate of atomic `X' to the collision rate of atomic `Y' (gas) is 10.17.     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Axially oriented polycrystal thin film (20) of compound with chemical formula `Xi Yj ' is formed on a substrate. The substrate (2) is installed in an atmosphere of gas with the formula `Yn '. The sputter of target (3) is performed and incidence of atomic or molecular sputter particle on the substrate is performed. The thin film of the compound `Xi Yj' is formed on the substrate. The ratio of the distance between area of sputter generation and the target, to the maximum width (E) of the substrate is 1.8 or more. The ratio of collision rate of atomic `X' (collides on the substrate) to the collision rate of atomic `Y' (gas) (collides on the substrate) is 10.17.    USE -   For solar battery cell, permselective membrane, as electric conductive film for touch panels, electrode for sensors and liquid crystals.    ADVANTAGE -   Axially oriented polycrystal thin film or single crystal thin film is efficiently formed under low temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the apparatus. (2) Substrate; ; (3) Target; ; (20) Polycrystal thin film; ; (E) Maximum width of the substrate.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor is melted in a metal solution and stirred well to equalise the solvent. A substrate is immersed into the metal solution such that semiconductor crystal is grows on the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the semiconductor crystal growing apparatus, which has a crucible for metal solution and an unit to melt the semiconductor. The substrate is supported by a support which rotates and acts as a stirrer. Alternately, a stirrer independent from the support is rotated independently to stir the solvent.    USE -   For solar battery, optical sensor, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The stirrer provided to stir the metal solution and the semiconductor melt, provides uniform distribution of solvent. Hence, the film thickness obtained is uniform.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the stirrer used in semiconductor growing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A mixed gas containing water vapor (13) in a melting state, is sprayed on the molten surface (1) of silicon metal, using plasma jet (2). While removing boron, the temperature in multiple position of the molten metal is monitored, and the irradiating point of plasma jet is scanned in a low temperature position.    USE -   Boron is rapidly removed from silicon metal used as raw material for solar batteries manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Boron is removed from silicon rapidly by an inexpensive method which uses less power and improves the productivity of silicon used in solar batteries manufacture. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the removal of boron from silicon metal. (1) Molten metal surface; (2) Plasma jet; (13)Water vapor.
NOVELTY - A refractory funnel (2) with a sliding gate (1) and a graphite heater (10) are isolated and provided at identical position from the centre of a chamber (15). An upper disk (5) to support a casting mold (3) and a lower disk (6) to support an insulation board (9), are lapped vertically. Both disks are individually rotatable by rotating units (7,8).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The refractory funnel with a slide gate drops out the silicon molten metal casted by the mold. The graphite heater heats the upper portion of the molten metal. The water cooled copper board is provided to cool the bottom portion of the mold. The insulation boards with varied heat conductivities are configured in multiple divided areas of the lower disk. A rotation unit is provided to move the insulation board through the copper board to the casting mold base, depending on the temperature of the molten metal during coagulation. The thickness and physical property of the insulation board are made alterable.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The quality of the product is improved as uniform coagulate velocity is maintained. Power consumption for coagulate is reduced as reduction in amount of de-heats enables to lower the output of graphite heater.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the unidirectional solidification apparatus for solar batteries. (1) Sliding gate; ; (2) Refractory funnel; ; (3) Casting mold; ; (5) Upper disk; ; (6) Lower disk; ; (7,8) Rotating units; ; (9) Insulation board; ; (10) Graphite heater; ; (15) Chamber.
NOVELTY - Transformation apparatus consists of a heat exchange plate (34) which has a coolant flow path (P). The heat exchange plate is made up of two mutually faced sheets and converts the carbon monoxide gas to carbon-di-oxide gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A modifier (2) using transformation apparatus transforms the gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide to original heating gas. The modified heating gas is then supplied to the electricity generation unit (5) of fuel battery electrical power generating device.    USE -   Used in fuel battery electrical power generating device (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The simple assembly of the transformation apparatus reduces the cost and size of the apparatus and shortens the start-up time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery electrical power generating device provided with transformation apparatus. (2) Modifier; ; (5) Electricity generation unit; ; (34) Heat exchange plate.
NOVELTY - The partial oxidation modifier comprises a double-walled pipe (52) and radially arranged air pipes (53) extending from the inner sides of the container cover. The heated gas flows through the inlet pipe and the modified anode gas after partial oxidation is discharged from the chamber (55) through the gas outlet pipe (57).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The upper end of the inner pipe (52a) is positioned at a lower level than the container cover and its lower end is connected to a gas outlet pipe. The configured inner pipe and outer pipe (52b) contribute to the breadth of the double-walled pipe. An oxidation catalyst is filled in the clearance and the chamber. Heat insulation materials (60) are filled in the space between the outer pipe and inner side of the container.    USE -   For transformation of carbonates in a fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Due to high reaction temperature the modification process efficiency is improved. The modification efficiency does not reduce with high voltage and hence limitation of temperature and pressure of the plant can be avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the partial oxidation modifier. (52) Double-walled pipe; (52a) Inner pipe; (52b) Outer pipe; (53) Air pipes; (55) Chamber; (57) Gas outlet pipe; (60) Insulation materials.
NOVELTY - The basic compound chosen from the group constituted by lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, aluminium salt, aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide or its hydrate and organic aluminium, is used. The compound is then heated at 25-50 C.    USE -   For carbonate type fuel batteries, reinforcing material of electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves maintenance property and mechanical strength, by using reinforced raw material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows photograph of beta-lithium aluminates fiber.
NOVELTY - A method and apparatus for forming a silicon ingot having a directional solidification structure uses a refrigeratable chill plate (15) under the crucible (14) and underfloor (13) and overhead (16) heaters along with an inert gas flow to control the cooling of the molten silicon.    USE - In forming silicon ingots for conversion into photovoltaic solar cells    ADVANTAGE - The ingots have directional solidification structures over a wider cross-sectional area and an excellent degree of orientation: production costs are low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of forming a silicon ingot having a directional solidification structure comprises placing raw silicon into a crucible (14) of a melting device mounted upon a refrigeratable chill plate (15) on an underfloor heater (13), providing an overhead heater (16) and surrounding with insulator (17). The silicon (8) is melted by electric heating using the two heaters and is then chilled from the bottom by feeding refrigerant to the chill plate while intermittently or continuously reducing the heating currents to lower the temperature.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a method as above maintaining the silicon under an inert atmosphere;    (2) a method as above comprising feeding a small amount of inert gas;    (3) an apparatus for the method above comprising crucible, chill plate under and over heaters and insulation as above and inert gas feed, pre-heater and gas recycling unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the apparatus is shown.    Heaters (13,16)    Chill plate (14)    Crucible (15)
NOVELTY - Production of nanostructured metal oxide thin film on substrate by placing in water solution containing metal salt and other optional salts, e.g. pH regulator, is new.    USE - The substrate carrying a thin film may be used in semiconductors, thermal or electrical insulators, solar cells and biosensors, solid state electrolytes, super capacitors, batteries, fuel cells, ceramics, catalysts, electrocatalysts, electrochromic and photoelectrochemical applications such as smart windows and displays. Other applications includes anode material for Li-ion batteries, films as cathode materials for Li batteries, magnetic materials, preparation of high-Tc superconductors, and solid-oxide and solid-polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process does not require high or low pressures or costly equipment. It is fast and reproducible. The characteristics of the thin film can be controlled. The process is easy to scale up for use in industrial production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An epitaxial thin film of metal oxide or hydrated metal oxide is formed on a substrate (3) placed at any location in a container (1) containing a solution (2), provided the surface on which the film is to be formed is covered by the solution. The solution contains at least one metal salt with other optional salts, e.g. pH-regulators, complexants, dopants or molecules. From the substrate, particles, e.g. fibers, of a metal oxide, grow to form the film (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of substrates immersed in a water solution in a container.    container (1)    solution (2)    substrate (3)    film (4)
NOVELTY - The method uses a coextrusion assembly (10), deposited between two electrode sheets (15,16).    USE - Used in electrochemical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency is improved by increasing productivity and the speed of the manufacturing process, thus reducing the production costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Continuous manufacture of laminated electrolyte uses a coextrusion assembly (10) which forms a tri-layer electrolyte catalyst extrusion which is deposited between two electrode sheets (15, 16) supplied from rolls (15a, 16a). The assembly has three intakes for catalyst and electrolyte materials which may be granular to paste. The tri-layer extrusion is deposited between the electrode sheets, while the anode and cathode catalyst layers are still soft. The tri-layer extrusion with electrode sheets is then supplied to the laminator (17) which continuously laminates the extrusion forming a continuous laminated assembly sheet (18) which rolled onto the roller (19).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the manufacture of a laminated assembly.    Coextrusion assembly (10)    Electrode sheets (1516)    Sheet rolls (15a, 16a)    Laminator (17)    Laminated sheet (18)    Storage roller (19)
NOVELTY - A liquid fuel cell element comprises a biplate between membrane electrode assemblies (14,16,18) in a stack which provides electrical contact and separates oxidant provided to the cathode and fuel for the cathode.    USE - As a liquid feed fuel cell for power generation (claimed) using methanol and used in automobiles, lawn mowers, space shuttles and portable power systems    ADVANTAGE - Resistance to air flow is minimized, water is efficiently removed and less energy is needed for high efficiency operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A plate assembly for use adjacent to membrane electrode assemblies (14,16,18) in a liquid fuel cell (10) comprises at least one vertical plate having a hydrophilic surface and with many extending conductive elements for electrical communication. Air inlet and exit ports on the plate form a flow path and a wicking device at the exit port withdraws liquid from the air path.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a fuel cell system as above further comprising oxidant and liquid fuel supplies and an electrical load contacting the conductive elements of at least two plates; and (b) a method of generating power comprising operating the system above in such a way that water is removed from the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A schematic diagram of the fuel cell is shown.    Fuel cell (10)    Membrane electrode assembly (14,16,18)
NOVELTY - CdTe film is formed on the surface of the substrate (1) by distributing CdTe powder layer at predetermined spacing and heating it in the atmosphere containing halogen or haloid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for CdTe film manufacturing apparatus.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Solar battery with improved characteristic is obtained as heat stress exerted on substrate is reduced by the formation of temperature gasifying CdTe film on substrate. Manufacturing cost is reduced as it avoids the extra cost needed to compensate heat stress by CdTe film formation on substrate. Proximity sublimation method reduces the process time as there is no cooling following heat treatment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional chart of CdTe film forming apparatus. (1) Substrate.
NOVELTY - Organic resin substrate (5) is stacked with layers of aluminum film (10) of excellent light reflection property, barrier layer (11) of stainless steel, photo-electric conversion layer (12) and transparent electrode (13). Organic resin substrate consists of material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulphone, polyimide and aramid.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Photo-electric conversion efficiency is improved by using aluminum film as it reflects back the outgoing light to photoconversion layer for conversion into electricity which would have been wasted otherwise. Excellent light reflection property is obtained with aluminum film due to absence of uneven shape which would have otherwise absorbed some portion of light. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of solar battery using aluminum film which has texture structure. (5) Organic resin substrate; (10) Aluminum film; (11) Barrier layer; (12) Photo-electric conversion layer; (13) Transparent electrode.
NOVELTY - A backside electrode layer (102), a crystalline silicon group photoelectric conversion layer (105), a transparent conductive cap layer (111) are formed sequentially on a glass substrate. Linear and mutually parallel separating grooves (104,109) are formed in the layers to isolate photoelectric conversion cells. The cells are connected in series through several grooves.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photoelectric conversion layer is formed by plasma CVD at temperature less than 400 C. The volume molar fraction of crystallization of the photoelectric conversion layer is 80% or more and hydrogen content is between 0.5-30 atom%. The thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer is set between 0.5-20 m.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon group thin film photoelectric conversion cell manufacturing method.    USE -   For crystalline silicon group photoelectric conversion apparatus such as optical sensor, solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   High output owing to high voltage characteristic is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view showing the manufacturing steps of photoelectric conversion apparatus. (102) Backside electrode layer; (104,109) Grooves; (105) Photoelectric conversion layer; (111) Transparent conductive cap layer.
NOVELTY - A cadmium-sulfide film is formed on a heat-resistant substrate using organic-metal vapor growth, vacuum deposition or contact sublimation. the substrate with cadmium-sulfide film is then heated for 30 seconds, more or less, at a temperature of 100 to 700 degrees Celsius in an inert gas atmosphere which includes oxygen or air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:the cadmium-sulfide film manufacturing apparatus;and the solar battery using the cadmium-sulfide film.    USE -   For producing cadmium-sulfide used on solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Produces cadmium-sulfide film with outstanding capability at low cost. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of the cadmium-sulfide film manufacturing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A porous layer (12) is formed on the semiconductor substrate (11). The porous layer has semiconductor such as silicon and germanium or a gallium and arsenic or a gallium and phosphorus or a gallium and nitrogen on its one side. The impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in thickness direction.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in the thickness direction, the distortion of the porous layer caused by passing a large current can be prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view showing the components of the semiconductor substrate. (11) Semiconductor substrate; (12) Porous layer.
NOVELTY - Transparent substrate (1) is formed with a transparent electrode (2). Metal oxide layer containing layer made of TiO2 , ZnO, Fe2 O3 , Nb2 05 and ZrO2admixture with silicic acidised alkali is coated over transparent electrode. Admixture of graphite and silicic acidised alkali constitutes collector pole (5) on the electrolyte layer (4) on the metal oxide layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for describing electrode group manufacturing method.    USE -   In solar battery in optical detection facility.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers inexpensive solar battery without any public hazards, thereby improves electricity output with stabilized characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of the solar battery. (1) Transparent substrate; (2) Transparent electrode; (4) Electrolyte layer; (5) Collector pole.
NOVELTY - Powder of a conductive substance is molded, pressed and shaped into a separator. Clearances formed between the powder are plugged by impregnating a predetermined impregnant on the separator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for separator. A fine metallic powder is scattered in one part of the clearance. The rest is filled with carbon and a resin which does not cause graphitization.    USE -   Used for fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The separator has sufficient conductivity and is non-permeable to gases. The separator has a provision for separating the heated gas and oxidation gas. A passage of fuel gas and oxidizing gas is formed between electrodes. The fuel battery is constituted of multiple single cells laminated together.
NOVELTY - The reaction gas containing hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide (CO) gas and water vapor is supplied to the flow path and a heat carrier oil is supplied to the tube with a fin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas flow path (1) of a reactor is filled with tubes with fins (2). A layer of catalyst (3) covers the fins.    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel batteries, motor vehicles, etc to remove carbon monoxide as carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE -   The circulation system of the heat carrier oil is not influenced by the battery load fluctuation. The temperature of the reactor is made uniform and the concentration of the carbon monoxide gas supplied to the anode is reduced. Only a less amount of catalyst is required and the efficiency of the catalyst is also increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of the CO removal device. (1) Gas flow path; (2) Tube with fin; (3) Catalyst.
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte base material and ceramic base material are joined by a sealing layer (22) in gas sensor (10). The sealing layer formed by melting glass material and ceramic base material of barium, silica and boron components does not contain alkali metals such as sodium.    USE -   For sulphur oxide gas sensor, fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Exact concentration of gas can be measured because of favourable air resistance of the sealing layer. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of gas sensor for explaining joining method of solid electrolyte base material. (10) Gas sensor; (22) Sealing layer.
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolytic fuel cell wherein a reaction catalyst layer and a gas dispersion layer are stacked successively on both sides of a polyelectrolytic film. Several fuel cells are stacked to have an oxidizing gas passage and a fuel passage formed on both of this polyelectrolytic film, the oxidizing gas passage being connected with a supply manifold for oxidizing gas and a discharge manifold for oxidizing gas, the fuel gas passage being connected with a supply manifold for fuel gas and a discharge manifold for fuel gas. A combustion catalyst is provided at least in one of an inner surface of the oxidizing gas passage, an inside of the supply manifold for the oxidizing gas and an inside of the discharge manifold for the oxidizing gas.    USE - A polyelectrolytic fuel cell capable of generating power by causing fuel gas to react to oxidizing gas by means of a polyelectrolytic film.    ADVANTAGE - The output voltage of the polyelectrolytic cells is stabilized, and possible explosive combustion of fuel gas is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view showing the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprises an electrochemical cell which generates hydrogen and current for the entire system.    USE - For fuel cells used in mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - The system allows use of smaller fuel cells, generates hydrogen on demand and produces very pure hydrogen, thus eliminating the combustion and explosion risks of hydrogen tanks and the space requirement, high cost and fuel cell poison formation disadvantages of methanol reformers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The cell reactions products are precipitated by a reducing agent in an external or internal regeneration system or are re-utilized in another way. Top-up arrangements are provided for the material, used for hydrogen recovery by reduction, and for solvent used to dilute the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises an array of cells, where the cathode of one cell shares its conductive element with the anode of an adjacent cell, thus establishing electrical connection between the cells.    USE - For the production of hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water, or the generation of electricity using a fuel gas or liquid mixture and an oxidizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is lightweight, has improved power density, and has a modular construction, so that it can be configured to meet the power requirements of specific applications. Fewer moving parts reduce maintenance and avoid breakdowns.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for:    (a) a low pressure gas electrode comprising an electroconductive substrate with openings encompassing 10-90% of its total area, and an electrocatalyst layer bound to the substrate via an electroconductive porous material consisting of conductive and binding components;    (b) a dual electrode structure composed of two of the above electrodes sharing the same substrate;    (c) a fuel cell stack consisting of multiple dual electrode structures; and    (d) the manufacture of a gas diffusion electrode by sonicating a mixture of carbon powder and polymer electrolyte suspension to form a dispersion, then coating this paste on a foil grid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing a cross-section of a cell stack.    metal frames (30)    openings (32,34)    terminal cell frame (36)    curved bipolar cell frame (38)
NOVELTY - Solar radiation (12) is coupled to a solar-receptive medium (10) by a single component (120) made up of two sub-elements whose refractive indices both increase from one surface to the other and which are joined at the high refractive index surfaces (H).    USE - As an optical coupler used as a solar concentrator.    ADVANTAGE - Only a single element is used, coupling is efficient and the concentration ratio high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optical coupler for coupling solar radiation (12) to a receptive medium (10) comprises a single component (120) with two axially graded refractive index sub-elements both increasing in refractive index from one surface to the other and joined together at the high index surfaces (H).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a combination of a solar cell and the solar concentrator above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A view of a lens concentrator is shown.    Solar cell (10)    Solar radiation (12)    Lens component (120)
NOVELTY - The system comprises a top stage including a fuel cell that has oxygen as one of its reactants and which produces heat as one of its reaction byproduct outputs, and a bottom stage, including a non-cryogenic oxygen-enriching means, coupled to the top stage. The bottom stage receives and consumes the heat byproduct output of the fuel cell to produce an oxygen-enriched gas mixture output that is fed to the fuel cell of the top stage as a reactive input.    USE - An improved combined cycle system having a partial oxidation reactor or heat engine as a top stage and an oxygen-enriching device as a bottom stage.    ADVANTAGE - The combined cycle raises the efficiency and reduces the size of the combined cycle system, since the top stage is running on a more concentrated supply of oxygen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic of the cycle system.
NOVELTY - A nitride semiconductor layer and barrier layer are grown on a gallium nitride background layer (50). The area of the barrier layer formed on the portion of the background layer having low crystal defects is larger than the area of the barrier layer formed on the portion of the background layer having large crystal defects.    USE -   For e.g. LED, SLD, LD, solar battery, photosensor, power device or transistor.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the crystal defect area does not perform transition to active region, long life is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the nitride semiconductor device. (50) GaN background layer.
NOVELTY - An optically low impermeable p-type electrode (120) is formed on the surface (151) of a transparent substrate (101) through a semiconductor nitride layer (102). The surface (152) of the substrate is processed to form curved pattern (104) to serve as a lens.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optical semiconductor device production.    USE -   For processing optical semiconductor wafers used in short wavelength LEDs, LDs, photosensors or solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Because of the curved surface of the substrate, critical angle reflection is obtained. Light of predetermined wavelength is received and extracted hence optical utilization efficiency is improved. By providing a reflecting film on a curved surface, an effect equivalent to an antenna is obtained through the lower surface of the substrate. Since the p-type electrode serves as a mirror, luminous efficiency or receiving efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the processes involved in the production of an optical wafer. (101) Substrate; (102) Semiconductor nitride layer; (104) Curved pattern; (120) P-type electrode; (151,152) Surfaces.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte board (1) containing molten carbonate electrolyte, porous cathode (2), anode (3) are arranged in series to form a layer built cell (10). Waste gas containing higher and lower concentrations of CO2 and O2 are supplied to cathode and anode respectively to perform a predetermined chemical reaction so as to generate electric power between cathode and anode.    USE -   For generating electric power from waste gas containing carbon dioxide ejected from thermal power station.    ADVANTAGE -   Both the electrodes serve as oxidizing agents and cheap electrodes can be used. Reduces processing cost as electricity is generated from waste gas and cheap electrodes are used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure show the electric power collection apparatus. (1) Electrolyte board; (2) Porous cathode; (3) Anode; (10) Layer built cell.
NOVELTY - During stoppage, secondary battery is activated for discharging till its charge is less than prescribed value. Load and fuel feeding controller are disconnected and then the fuel battery is charged to the secondary battery. During start up, the power stored in secondary battery is used for activating fuel supply to battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Battery, DC/AC transformer, mains are connected in the circuit, through switches. Secondary battery is connected in parallel, through controller.    USE -   In fuel battery e.g. hydrogen fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Excess energy in fuel battery after disconnecting from mains is conserved. Since the conserved energy is used for start up, operation efficiency of the battery is high.
NOVELTY - Water supply unit (60) humidifies the solid electrolyte film by supplying water to the oxidizing agent chamber (42) on the anode side and fuel chamber (40) on the cathode side (12). Water component supply unit is controlled based on the signal emitted from the control unit (62) and the moisture content on the film is adjusted.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Battery stack contains multiple lamination of cell unit (10) containing solid electrolyte film (32) between anode (34) and cathode (36).    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel battery used as portable power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents spilling up of water component inside battery stack hence increases output voltage. Since moisture content can be maintained, stability in temperature, resistance and voltage are obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows solid polymeric type fuel battery. (10) Cell unit; (12) Cathode side; (32) Solid electrolyte film; (34) Anode; (36) Cathode; (40) Fuel chamber; (42) Oxidizing agent chamber; (60) Water supply unit; (62) Control unit.
NOVELTY - When battery (10) is switched ON, controller (92) switches ON hydrogen gas supply to battery from cylinders (42) and opens outlet valve (80) in excess fuel discharge pipe (76) attached to anode side chamber (14) of the battery. When load on battery exceeds threshold value, outlet valve (82) of discharge pipe is also opened along with the outlet valve (80) by switch (84).    USE -   In solid polymer type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Removes excess unused fuel gas, during both high and low loading of the battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of excess fuel ejecting mechanism. (10) Fuel battery; (14) Anode side chamber; (42) Hydrogen cylinders; (76) Discharge pipe; (80,82) Outlet valves; (84) Electromagnetic switch.
NOVELTY - A slurry of a carbonate powder with 0.1-10 wt.% of ceramic powder of particle size 0.1-10 m, binder, plasticiser and dispersing agent in organic solvent is applied as a thick layer (7) between an anode (3) and an electrode holding sheet (1) and between a cathode (2) and the sheet. The layer is heated to remove the solvent to form a porous ceramic layer (8).    USE -   For a carbonate-type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Even when there is unevenness between the surface of the substrate sheet and electrodes, firm holding by a porous carbonate layer is enabled with less contact resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the ceramic layer bonding process. (1) Electrode holding sheet; (2) Cathode; (3) Anode; (7) Thick ceramic layer; (8) Porous ceramic layer.
NOVELTY - The optical material consists of a hydrogenated polymeric principal chain with predefined monomer units of specific weight percent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The optical material consists of a hydrogenated polymeric principal chain of formula -[Aa-Bb-Cc-Dd-Ee]- (I) obtained by 50% or more hydrogen addition of a carbon-carbon double bonded polymer. The polymer has a number average molecular weight of 5,000-5,000,000, a light transmittance of at least 87% and a glass transition temperature of 210-250C. A-E = monomer units of the polymeric principal chain; A=1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer; B= chain-like conjugated diene group monomer(s); C=vinyl aromatic monomer(s); D=polar monomer(s); E=ethylene--olefin type monomer(s); a-e = weight percent of the monomer units; 60a100; 0b40; 0c40; 0d400; 0e40; and a+b+c+d+e = 100    USE -   Used for lens in optical science, head light lens and head light reflectors in motor vehicles, optical disc, optical fibers, glass windows, protective layers of sealing resin for semiconductors, magnetooptical recording films, low pass filters, optical memory disc transparent containers, optical diffusion boards, prism, solar batteries, phase plate for liquid crystal displays, water vapor barrier for information recording elements, light-guide plates, waveguides, polarization films, infrared rays cut filters, facsimile, optical band-pass filters, protective covers for photomask, water tank of steam irons, microwave oven components, substrate for plasma displays, touch panels, electroluminescent displays, field emission displays, medical solution containers, vials, ampules, bags for infusion solutions, infusion solution tubes, sterilization containers of medical device.    ADVANTAGE -   The optical material has good heat resistance, weather resistance, transparency, rigidity, shock resistance, antiwear quality and chemical resistance, and low water absorption and double refraction.
NOVELTY - Purified tetra alkoxy silane is hydrolyzed and the content of boron and phosphorus contained in the mixture is reduced to 0.1 parts per million (ppm) or less. 20 ppm or less of metal impurity is present.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Highly pure silicone is obtained with reduced boron and phosphorus content.
NOVELTY - The supplied hydrocarbon gas is heated to preset temperature using heaters (25A, 25B). Converter (22) and desulfurizer (21) of rectangular shape include catalysts (26, 27) to control carbon monoxide and desulfurization, respectively. A heat exchanger (23) placed on top of converter and desulfurizer heats the hydrocarbon gas by using heat of the carbon monoxide reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cooler (24) is included in the converter. The clearance of the plate-shaped exchanger for allowing flow of gas is 5 times greater than the diameter of the converter catalyst particle. A heat insulating casing (28) protects the whole system. The gas from the converter is branched and flows through the circulation circuit which includes an orifice for adjusting the rate of gas flow.    USE -   For supply of processed fuel to battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Because of the heat exchanger and heater, the gas can be heated efficiently within a compact spacer. The system performs the desulfurization and carbon monoxide conversion stably. The casing protects and insulates the whole system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a cross-sectional view of fuel processing system. (21) Desulfurizer; (22) Converter; (23) Heat exchanger; (24) Cooler; (25A, 25B) Heaters; (26, 27) Catalysts; (28) Heat insulating casing.
NOVELTY - P-type hydrogenated amorphous Si layer (12), intermediate layer (13) and n-type layer (14) are formed on transparent electrically conductive film (11) by plasma CVD constituting a cross bar-like structure. Heat treatment of cross bar-like structure is performed for two hours or more at 400-800 C without melting Si layer. Electrode (18) is finally formed on n-type layer.    USE -   For manufacturing polycrystalline silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves carrier mobility and prevents primary stage deterioration, thereby raising photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view explaining manufacturing method of solar battery. (11) Conductive film; (12) P-type hydrogenated amorphous Si layer; (13) Intermediate layer; (14) N-type layer; (18) Electrode.
NOVELTY - The film contains indium or zinc oxide as principal component. About 0.5 to 3 wt.% of fluorine is added.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: electrically conductive film manufacturing method; and photovoltaic cell    USE -   In solar battery, optical sensor, liquid crystal panel and plasma display, etc..    ADVANTAGE -   Specific resistance is reduced as electrically conductive film contains fluorine. As specific resistance is reduced the photoelectric conversion characteristic of photovoltaic apparatus is improved. Transparency characteristic of conductive film is not degraded.
NOVELTY - A manifold (41) is attached to one end face of a cell. The manifold is attached with a gas propagation pipe (42) made of ceramic in which several gas passageways are provided which are connected with a gas flow through hole through gas allocation space (41c).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for stack structure of solid state electrolytic fuel battery.    USE -   In solid state electrolytic fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents reduction in air resistance of manifold and cell, while running battery for long time, hence preventing reduction in electricity generation efficiency and electromotive force.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front elevation of manifold, top view of gas propagation pipe and cross sectional chart of manifold. (41) Manifold; (41c) Allocation space; (42) Gas propagation pipe.
NOVELTY - A pressure sensor (20) detects the difference in amount of hydrogen production of reformer (1) and hydrogen consumption of fuel battery. A controller (6) controls calory transfer between hydrogen alloy incorporating tank and external heat source based on the detected difference and suppresses pressure variation of hydrogen absorbing alloy incorporating tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Pumps (3,5) maintain the internal pressure of hydrogen absorbing alloy incorporating tank to be more than a predetermined pressure from the working pressure of fuel pole of fuel battery. A regulator (8) regulates the pressure of hydrogen containing gas supplied to fuel battery from hydrogen absorbing alloy incorporating tank, to equal working pressure.    USE -   In fuel battery apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Imbalance of hydrogen production rate of reformer and hydrogen consumption rate of fuel battery is compensated effectively. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery apparatus. (1) Reformer; (3,5) Pumps; (6) Controller; (8) Regulator; (20) Pressure sensor.
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric type fuel battery contains battery stack (12) which contains fuel gas passageway (14) and oxidizing agent passageway (16) on both sides and water from water route (18) is supplied through communication line (20) which is controlled by a switch (22). This switch also controls the fuel gas simultaneously. Water is circulated for cooling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery initializing process.    USE -   Used for raising the temperature at the time of starting.    ADVANTAGE -   Stability of battery output is attained. Carbon monoxide poisoning of platinum catalyst is not carried out. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid polymeric type fuel battery. (12) Battery stack; (14) Fuel gas passageway; (16) Oxidizing agent passageway; (18) Water route; (20) Communication line; (22) Switch.
NOVELTY - The fuel exhaust gas is mixed with air and supplied to an air pole (11).    USE -   For generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen is dispersed uniformly around the air pole, thereby increasing the combustion efficiency. The density of hydrogen in exhaust gas is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of the fuel battery. (11) Air pole.
NOVELTY - Air blower (42) which supplies oxidizing agent to fuel battery casing (3), is arranged to agent reception side of casing. Air blower (72) supplies air to jet pipe (33) which is attached to agent output side of fuel battery casing.    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Cools exhaust gases from the battery, thereby carrying condensed moisture in the air jet from the air blower. As enough ventilation is provided, explosion in case of hydrogen leakage is avoided. Reduces hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas by mixing with air, to level lesser than explosion limits, thereby improving safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of fuel battery. (3) Fuel battery casing; (33) Jet pipe; (42,72) Air blowers.
NOVELTY - Oxidation gas feed pipe (18) supplies gas to gas passageway (5) and cells (1A-1C). Partition (20) separates gas chamber (24) into two, so as to pass two different gases for electricity generation. Oxidation gas feed pipe is joined movably and sealed airtightly with the partition of gas chamber, so as to connect inner side space (18a) of pipe, gas chamber, cell and gas passageway.    USE -   In solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents airtight reduction between cell and gas propagation pipe, thereby preventing reduction in electricity generation efficiency and electromotive force. Maintains air resistance by separating oxidation gas and heating gas introduction. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts sectional drawing explaining airtight sealing structure. (1A-1C) Cells; (5) Gas passageway; (18) Gas feed pipe; (18a) Inner side space; (20) Partition; (24) Gas chamber.
NOVELTY - Inside a container (32) are cells (1A-1C) and an insulated sheet (13). The insulated sheet insulates collector boards (12A,12B) and between the cells and the container, a fuel gas passage way (15) is provided for passing gas in order to generate electricity.    USE -   For solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases the electricity generation efficiency by avoiding generation of byproduct of gas. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the cross- sectional view of the stack structure. (1A-1C) Cells; (12A,12B) Collector boards; (13) Insulated sheet; (15) Gas passage way; (32) Container.
NOVELTY - A charge generating layer containing crystals of oxytitanium phthalocyanine pigment and a charge transporting layer are laminated on a support. The pigment has Bragg angle of 2 0.2 with copper K and X-ray diffraction at 90, 14.2, 23.9 and 27.1. The photoreceptor also contains a mixture of polyester resin and melamine which is crosslinked by heating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) an electrophotographic apparatus which contains an electrification unit, image exposure unit, image developer (5) and transfer unit (6); and (ii) a cartridge in which the electrification unit is selected from at least an image developer or a cleaner supported integrally and arranged detachably on the electrophotographic apparatus.    USE -   For solar batteries, sensors, colouring applications, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrophotographic photoreceptor is durable and is not affected by repeated use and environmental fluctuations. The photoreceptor has stable potential characteristics and high sensitivity in the longer wavelength region.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the electrophotography apparatus. (1) Electrophotographic photoreceptor; (5) Image development unit; (6) Transfer unit; (9) Cleaning unit; (11) Cartridge.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is prepared by applying pressure to gas diffusion electrodes at either side of a polymer electrolyte membrane at a bonding temperature and applying this pressure until the bonding temperature has been reached.    USE - As polymer electrolyte fuel cells using pure or reform hydrogen and air or oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - Internal resistance is decreased and the three phase interface becomes three-dimensional, thus increasing reaction area and output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a PEFC comprising hydrogen and oxygen electrodes bonded to the polymer electrolyte membrane as above and means of supplying oxidizing and reducing agents.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A plot of internal resistance against the pressing pressure is shown.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator containing epoxy and phenolic binders, which do not generate gas bubbles, and hence maintains the gas impermeability of the separator, is made by: A) preparing a raw material by mixing carbon, an epoxy resin and a phenolic resin; B) charging the raw material into a mold; C) heat press forming the raw material in the mold.    USE - The separator is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is prepared using a simple manufacturing process, but does not produce any gas bubbles that reduce the gas permeability.
NOVELTY - The unit is heated from a cold start. In a first phase, at pressure below normal working level, POX (partial oxidation of hydrocarbon) operation of the reformer (1) is initiated.    USE - To start up a reformer producing hydrogen from methanol, to feed fuel cells of an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The plant reaches its running temperature as rapidly as possible, and at little cost. Hydrogen is produced early and introduced in the fuel cells for fast getaway.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Resultant gas is passed via the hydrogen separation stage (4) in the catalytic burner (11a, 11b, 11c) for catalytic combustion there, with oxidant gas. In the second phase the reformer is changed over to reforming duty. The pressure is raised to normal working pressure.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding reformer plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The schematic flow diagram of the reformer unit is presented.    Reformer (1)    Evaporator (2)    Hydrogen separation stage (4)    Intermediate feed line (5, 21)    Membrane (6)    Catalytic burner (11a, 11b, 11c)    Fuel feed line (12, 13)
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell (2) has two elements (4, 6) joined together by joint layer (10) including a metal solder layer (14).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Compared with a conventional glass-solder joint, the solder joint has a higher tensile strength (100-200 N/mm2 or more), exhibits good absorption of mechanical stresses, is almost completely resistant to the fuel cell reagents, is insensitive to differential pressures of up to 200 mbar and is resistant to ejection from the joint region, thus allowing long term fuel cell operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a high temperature fuel stack of conductor plates with intervening electrolyte, each pair of adjacent conductor plates forming a fuel cell as described above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the joint region of a high temperature fuel cell.    fuel cell (2)    metallic conductor plates (4, 6)    joint (8)    joint layer (10)    solder layer (14)    ceramic or glass-ceramic layer (16)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell is operated using a cathode-side pressure created by supplying a liquid oxidant or an oxidant-containing liquid.    USE - For operating e.g. a PEM fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cathode-side pressure is produced, for increased fuel cell power, using relatively little pump power compared with the use of a gaseous oxidant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The liquid is an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.
NOVELTY - In a reforming catalyst for a fuel cell, the catalyst material is surrounded by a gas-permeable spacing structure.    USE - The reforming catalyst is especially useful for melt carbonate fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is protected from direct attack by the electrolyte, without impairing its efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings show a simplified form of one embodiment.    Catalytically active material (1)    Spacing material (2)    Part of anode (3)    Anode carrier (4)    Corrugated current collector ( 5)    Indentation (9)
NOVELTY - A solar cell (2) has a multilayer structure made up of an insulating transparent glass substrate (10), a transparent oxide electrode (12), a surface treatment layer (14) formed by subjecting the transparent oxide electrode (12) to oxidizing plasma processing, a silicon nitride film (16), a p-type semiconductor layer (18), a buffer layer (20), an intrinsic semiconductor layer (22), an n-type semiconductor layer (24) and a metal electrode (26), stacked in this order.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The surface of the transparent oxide electrode (12) is chemically stabilized by the surface treatment layer (14) so improving the open end voltage.
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous colloidal suspension comprises metal chalcogenide nanoparticles and a volatile capping agent.    USE - Especially in manufacture of photovoltaic devices, solar cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - A stable suspension is provided which can be used to form a low cost, high quality semiconductor precursor film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for methods for forming the suspension and for forming a film of a metal chalcogenide semiconductor on a substrate from the suspension.
NOVELTY - Electricity generating system comprises a fuel cell, a heat exchanger and an integral power generator. The power generator comprises a compressor, an electricity generator and a turbine all on the same shaft.    USE - A process for generating electricity utilizing an integral, power generator comprising a compression stage, an electricity generation stage, and a turbine stage all on the same shaft.    ADVANTAGE - The system operates on fossil fuel, preferably natural gas, and inexpensively and cleanly generates electricity. The small scale power installation units have a high energy efficiency, and capital and operating costs comparable to those of large scale installations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process for generating electricity comprises compressing an oxygen-containing gas in the compression stage, and heating at least some of the compressed gas in a heating stage. Fuel and the compressed heated gas are introduced into a fuel cell for oxidizing the fuel therein to produce electricity, and a hot exhaust gas is produced which is used to drive the turbine stage at a speed of at least 50,000 rpm. The turbine stage drives the electricity generation stage and the compression stage generates alternating current electricity. Spent fuel cell exhaust gas is withdrawn from the turbine stage for heating the compressed oxygen-containing gas.
NOVELTY - A high-purity silicon (Si) is prepared by heating silicon monoxide (SiO) to 1000-1730degreesC to convert SiO into liquid or solid Si and solid silicon dioxide (SiO2) by disproportionation before separating the generated Si from SiO2 and/or SiO.    USE - This high-purity silicon is particularly useful for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The preparation is simple and is operable at low cost to give Si, with high-purity e.g. not less than 99.999%, and without noble metal contamination.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high-purity silicon (Si) is prepared by heating silicon monoxide (SiO) to 1000-1730degreesC to convert SiO into liquid or solid Si and solid silicon dioxide (SiO2) by disproportionation before separating the generated Si from SiO2 and/or SiO. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an equipment for producing the high-purity Si.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Diagram showing the reaction of low purity C and SiO2, with generated SiO-containing gas temperature-ramped up the pip and precipitation of high-purity SiO and separation from impurities at 1000degreesC.
NOVELTY - The apparatus uses fuel cells with proton-conducting electrolytes and integrated hydrogen gas production the fuel cells each have an opening which form the hydrogen distribution channel over which the hydrogen gas distribution is provided into individual fuel cells. A tension rod for holding the fuel cells together in the fuel cell stack is also arranged in the openings.    USE - For converting energy using fuel cells (1) with proton-conducting electrolytes and with integrated hydrogen gas production.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified apparatus for the production of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for converting energy using fuel cells (1) with proton-conducting electrolytes and with integrated hydrogen gas production comprises a reaction chamber (2), in which hydrogen gas is produced through the reaction of water (8) with one or more hydrides (6). The gas is then transferred into a hydrogen distribution channel (14) of a fuel cell stack (15). The fuel cells (1) each have an opening (18) which forms the hydrogen distribution channel (14) and over which the hydrogen gas distribution is provided into individual fuel cells. A tension rod (19) for holding the fuel cells together in the fuel cell stack (15) is also arranged in the openings (18).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a the process for producing hydrogen gas in the apparatus converting energy using fuel cells (1) with proton-conducting electrolytes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the apparatus for converting energy.    fuel cells (1)    reaction chamber (2)    ventilator (3)    fuel cell stack (15)    tension rod (19)
NOVELTY - The anode electrocatalyst comprises an alloy comprising 33-55 at% molybdenum and platinum, having a particle size 10-60 Angstrom, and supported on a support having a surface area of 60-2000 m2/g.    USE - An anode electrocatalyst for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has excellent anti-poisoning characteristics, which enables the employment of a reforming gas in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell which is liable to be poisoned.
NOVELTY - Plasma (13) is formed near the circumference of the substrate (10) on which thin film is to be formed, by plasmifying raw material gas containing silicon group gas under vacuum atmosphere of 110-3 -110-6Torr after supplying electric power. Thin film is formed on the substrate using the plasma after irradiation of negative ion beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for describing silicon group film forming apparatus.    USE -   Used for forming silicon group film during manufacture of integrated circuit, solar battery and thin film transistor used as switch in liquid crystal display device.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates thin film formation with desired characteristic such as favorable electric insulation and good adhesion with substrate since film forming is done under comparatively low temperature so improving productivity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts diagram of film forming apparatus and top view of filter. (10) Substrate; (13) Plasma.
NOVELTY - Dimensions of the container used for melting silicon satisfies relations (i) x &lt; (1/4)L, (ii) R1 &gt; (1/4)L and (iii) R2 &gt; (1/4) H, (where x= thickness of the container, L=length of the short side (3) of the container, R1 =radius of curvature at the contiguity edge of corner wall and top plate, R2= radius of curvature at contiguity edge of corner wall and floor plate, H= height of the container).    USE -   For melting silicon for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Damaging of the container due to thermal stress is prevented. Leaking of the container is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of silicon melting container. (3) Short side; ; (12) Heat insulating layer; ; (13) Back side; ; (27) Corners.
NOVELTY - A layer of fine titanium oxide particles (21) with silicon dioxide binder (22) is applied on the surface of a fluororesin film (1).    USE -   For protecting surface of a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electricity generation efficiency over a long period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of a surface protection film for solar battery. (1) Fluororesin film; (21) Titanium oxide particles; (22) Binder.
NOVELTY - A substrate (1) and a semiconductor material are heated in a cadmium or tellurium atmosphere. The semiconductor material containing cadmium telluride (CdTe) is vaporized to precipitate a CdTe film on the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for CdTe film manufacturing apparatus.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   A good quality and inexpensive CdTe film is provided for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of a CdTe film formation unit. (1) Substrate.
NOVELTY - Gas containing higher concentration of hydrogen gas is passed through hydrogen absorbing alloy (HSA) filling receptacle and the hydrogen is purified and separated by occlusion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel battery system. The purified hydrogen gas obtained after occlusion is provided as the fuel for fuel batteries.    USE -   For fuel batteries such as phosphoric acid type fuel battery (PAFC), solid polymeric type fuel battery (PEFC) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen gas of high purity is manufactured. The battery using the hydrogen gas has high efficiency. As hydrogen can be manufactured and stored inside the fuel battery use of separate installation unit is avoided.
NOVELTY - Water pool (7) in the circulation system is arranged at a distance (H1) above the battery main unit (5). A connection pipeline (16) that connects the main unit to pool is set to have vertical length (H2) from bottom of the main unit. Water column height that represents pressure head (P) is set `P', such that relations H1+H2 greater than P and P greater than H1 are satisfied.    USE -   In fuel battery used for engineering work construction, domestic emergency power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Durability of fuel battery main unit is extended, as exhausted fuel containing impurity is discharged through a throttle valve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline plan and water circulation system in fuel battery. (5) Battery main unit; (7) Water pool; (16) Pipeline.
NOVELTY - A supply unit (S) supplies fresh gas containing oxygen to an electricity generation portion (G) to fill the space occupied by gas ejected from the electricity generation portion.    USE -   For generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers fuel battery with excellent heat utilisation efficiency. Installation area of fuel battery is made small. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery. (G) Electricity generation portion; (S) Supply unit.
NOVELTY - The cathode waste gas and compressed air (20) from an air compressor (19) are converted to hot air (25) by a heat exchanger (18). The hot air is supplied to the gas turbine combustor (22) as oxidizing agent.    USE -   For processing cathode waste gas from fuel battery used in battery combined gas turbine power generator.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables efficient collection of exhaust heat of fuel battery even when fuel battery and gas turbine are operated at different pressure. Offers energy conservation by using hot air produced from cathode waste gas in gas turbine combustor. Enables efficient power generation by using low quality exhaust heat of fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery combined power generator. (18) Heat exchanger; (19) Air compressor; (20) Compressed air; (22) Gas turbine combustor; (25) Hot air.
NOVELTY - Electric power supplied by the fuel battery is passed via DC-DC converter (23) to the supplement machines (4, 7). A part of the DC-DC converter output is used for charging the battery (25). The control apparatus (13) limits the electric power supply from the fuel battery and connects the battery for starting output with the supplement machines during machine operation.    USE -   For supplement machine of fuel battery for engineering construction works and domestic emergency power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   When supplementary machines are started, the battery for starting output is connected with the supplementary machines and the power supply from the fuel battery is limited by the controller, and thereby abnormal voltage reduction of fuel battery is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the fuel battery power supply. (4, 7) Supplement machines; (13) Control apparatus; (23) DC-DC converter; (25) Battery for starting.
NOVELTY - The zinc oxide layer comprises a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis perpendicular to the support substrate, and a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis slantinicular to the support substrate in this order from the side of the support substrate.    USE - Used as a part of a reflecting layer of a solar cell or other photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive method for providing a zinc oxide-layered substrate with excellent reflectivity and optical confinement effect for improving the long wavelength sensitivity of solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram to show the structure of an electrodeposition system.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a chamber suitable for holding an electrolyte in it, and rotates the electrolyte about an axis of the chamber. At least one inlet, spaced from the axis of rotation of the chamber, is provided for introducing oxidant and/or fuel into the chamber, and electrodes are provided for contacting the electrolyte and the oxidant, and the electrolyte and the fuel, respectively.    USE - For improving efficiency and performance of fuel cells by subjecting them to forced rotation.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced internal circulation of fluid is achieved without the use of pumps and provides for improved efficiency and increased output power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an embodiment of the basic component as applied to rotating metal oxygen fuel cells. A vertical cross section through such a rotating cell is indicated in section X-X and a horizontal section near the mid-plane in section Y-Y.
The reproduction of a calcium and silicon alloy for use in photovoltaic cells comprises the carbothermal reduction of raw materials to silicon and calcium for solidification of the liquid alloy. Quartz, charcoal and wood chips are used in the process which is carried out in an electric reduction furnace.    USE -   In industrial chemistry.
NOVELTY - Wetting of battery electrodes and separators is improved without adversely affecting cell performance by adding a bis(perfluoro-alkylsulfonyl)imide surfactant salt to a conductive salt in the electrolyte composition.    USE - In manufacture of electrochemical systems such as primary and secondary batteries, double-layer capacitors, supercapacitors, fuel cells and electroplating and electro-refining systems.    ADVANTAGE - Surface tension of electrolytes is reduced and wetting of electrodes and separators is improved while conductivity, stability and compatibility with other cell components is maintained or enhanced. Contact area between electrolyte and electroactive materials is increased and range of electrolyte compositions by allowing use of high-viscosity, high surface energy solvents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolyte composition comprises:    (a) a conductive salt; and    (b) a surfactant salt of formula ((RfSO2)(Rf'SO2)N-)nM+n (I);    Mn+ = cation;    n = 1 - 4;    Rf, Rf' = 1 - 8 C perfluoroalkyl (Rf = 1 - 12 C), a perfluorocycloalkyl or a perfluorocycloalkyl perfluoroalkyl with 4 - 7 C ring and 1 - 4 C alkyl chain, optionally containing catenary hetero atoms, with Rf and Rf' having at least 5 C atoms;    in a molar ratio (a)/(b) = (99.9:0.1) - (75:25).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical system comprising the above composition with at least one positive and one negative electrode.
NOVELTY - The reaction chamber and the heat chamber are maintained at reduced pressure. The cylindrical base material is heated to desired temperature. The base material is conveyed to the reaction chamber, and raw material gas and discharge electric power are introduced. The raw material gas dissolves and a deposition film is formed on the base material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The conveyance of the base material from one chamber to the other is performed by moving either of the chambers. The heat chamber and the reaction chamber are equipped with exhaust gas port for exhausting. The base material is configured in concentric circles. The introduction of discharge electric power into the reaction chamber is performed by discharge electrodes distributed inside. The heat chamber has a heater to heat the base material to a desired temperature. The reaction chamber has a cooling unit to maintain the temperature of the base material. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the film forming apparatus.    USE -   For electrophotography, solar battery, sensor for image input, image pick-up device and TFT etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Because of the absence of a vacuum conveyance unit the dust adhering to the base material is avoided. Hence defective film is reduced. The deposition film of excellent characters is obtained. Transfer from one chamber to the other is not time consuming. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the deposition film forming apparatus.
NOVELTY - Dealkalization processing is performed on the surface of silicate glass containing an alkali component by contacting the silicate glass with water at 120C in liquid state.    USE -   Silicate glass is used as substrate for flat panel battery and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is used to prevent the diffusion of alkali component to the conductive layer. Processing time is less than three hours.
NOVELTY - The surface of the base material (1) is coated with a sol to form a particle film (2). A metal fluoride or complex fluoride solution is coated on the particle film to precipitate metallic oxide film (4) on the particles (3).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the film formation.    USE -   For photocatalyst, electrode of solar battery and carrier of metal catalyst.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface area of the film is improved. Internal electrical resistances is reduced, when the film is used in solar battery as electrode. The film with high photocatalytic effect is inexpensively produced. Damage to particle film and metallic oxide film is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional drawing of film. (1) Base material; ; (2) Particle film; ; (3) Particles; ; (4) Metallic oxide film.
NOVELTY - The method involves contacting a silica-alumina group complex oxide with water vapor at temperature ranging within 300-600 C. Finally, hydrogen is separated from the water vapor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the hydrogen gas formation apparatus. The apparatus consists of a water vapor generator (1), a supply unit (10) and a suction pump (14). The water vapor supply unit supplies the generated water vapor into a reaction container (7). The reaction container is filled with the silica-alumina group complex oxide. The suction pump removes the hydrogen gas from the reaction container.    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Manufacture of hydrogen gas is efficient and economical. Installation of apparatus is simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the hydrogen gas formation apparatus. (1) Generator; ; (7) Reaction container; ; (8) Zeolite; ; (10) Supply unit; ; (14) Suction pump.
NOVELTY - A porous electrode (49) is heat contacted to both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film (48) via a platinum catalyst layer. A main power supply (51) supplies DC voltage for electrolysis between the electrode and the film. A battery (53) is configured parallel to main supply to supply forward voltage between film and electrode so as to maintain electrode potential below 1V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous electrode has a nickel panel and is used as cathode. The storage battery is connected to the porous electrode through a diode (55) and potential divider (54) or multiple solid polymeric electrolyte element consisting the solid polymer electrolyte film of hydrogen ion conductivity. The porous electrodes are laminated with predetermined space in- between. Solid polymeric elements are connected serially with main supply so that porous electrodes have same polarity. The storage battery or cell is connected with the porous electrode of each element through the diode and a potential divider resistance.    USE -   Used for dehumidification apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The power consumption of the storage battery is reduced as the forward voltage impressed between the porous electrode and the solid polymeric electrolyte element by the battery is always maintained below 1V so reducing costs. Allows use of solid polymeric electrolyzer for large electric power applications as the temperature rise by heat generation is suppressed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid polymeric electrolyzer. (48) Solid polymer electrolyte film; (49) Porous electrode; (51) Main power supply; (53) Storage battery; (54) Potential divider; (55) Diode.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The device is preferably a solar cell module and comprises: a substrate; a filler; a photovoltaic element; and a protective layer. The photovoltaic element is separable from the substrate. Preferred methods for the separation include heating, heating and moistening, irradiating with an electron beam, and removing a layer with an acid, alkali or solvent. The device (solar cell module) preferably includes an exfoliating layer, which may be used as a backside or side-surface filler layer, to provide separation by one of the above methods. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: Methods for forming a semiconductor device or a solar cell module such that the semiconductor device or the photovoltaic element may be separated; Semiconductor devices and solar cell modules which are separable by the above methods; Methods for dismantling semiconductor devices and solar cell modules by the above methods.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a frost-protected cooling circuit which employs one or more greater than 3 carbon paraffins as coolant.    USE - As e.g. a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The coolant has excellent antifreeze properties, low viscosity, extremely low conductivity, low corrosivity, high chemical stability, high potential for lifetime filling, fuel cell compatibility, high flame point and good recyclability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The coolant comprises a mixture of 10-20 carbon isoparaffins with different branch structures or a pure paraffinic isomer mixture with a pour point of below -40degreesC and a boiling start of above 250degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell cooling circuit.    Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (1)    Coolant feed/return lines (2, 4)    Heat exchanger (3)
NOVELTY - A direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is operated by evaporating a coolant in the fuel cell, evaporating a methanol/water mixture in an evaporator using heat from the fuel cell and supplying the evaporated methanol/water mixture to the anode space of the fuel cell.    USE - As an electrical energy generating direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The operating method ensures that only a gaseous phase is present in the anode space, so that power losses are avoided, and employs the heat generated by the fuel cell to evaporate the fuel so that additional heat is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus comprising a DMFC containing a coolant line, an evaporator with a fuel feed line and a fuel vapor line leading to the anode space of the fuel cell, and a system for passing excess heat from the fuel cell to the evaporator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of an apparatus according to the invention.    Evaporator (V1)    Heat exchanger (IV1)
NOVELTY - A silicon solar cell manufacturing method comprises diffusion of a front face n-type silicon layer on a p-type silicon substrate, deposition of a back face contact and two-stage sintering. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A silicon solar cell manufacturing method comprises (a) etching a p-type silicon substrate to remove sawing damage and to texture the surface; (b) diffusing a n-type silicon layer over the substrate front face; (c) depositing a back face contact and sintering in a gas mixture; and then (d) sintering in a forming gas. Preferred Features: The gas mixture in the first sintering stage is a mixture of nitrogen and either oxygen or hydrogen.    USE -   For polycrystalline and single crystal silicon solar cell manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   The method alleviates at least some of the difficulties of conventional silicon solar cell manufacture. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the back face of a solar cell. (1) Polysilicon substrate; (3) n-Type silicon diffused layer; (5) Aluminum grid; (10) Solar cell.
NOVELTY - Semiconductor particles are doped by using a solution of ammonium phosphate which is commercially available and does not pose any special handling or disposal requirements.    USE - Doping of semiconductor particles with phosphorus to create an n-p junction in material used in the fabrication of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is more cost effective and the dopant is safer and easier to handle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Doping semiconductor particles comprises:    (a) preparing a diluted aqueous solution of ammonium phosphate, preferably with a concentration of 10-50 g/l;    (b) mixing the semiconductor particles (spherical silicon) with solution (a) to coat them;    (c) drying the particles and diffusing the phosphorus from the ammonium phosphate into the particles by heating at 875 - 975 degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow chart for the phosphorus doping of semiconductor particles .
NOVELTY - An energy storage cell (10) comprises a hermetic pressure vessel (34) having a wall (38) made of a nickel-based alloy prohibiting hydrogen diffusion, and a vent in the wall for removal of hydrogen from the vessel interior. A vent segment of the vessel wall is made of palladium that controllably permits the diffusion of hydrogen.    USE - The control during service of the gas pressure within pressurized nickel-hydrogen energy storage cells.    ADVANTAGE - Safe controllable reduction of gas over-pressures produced during service within the storage cell, without altering the storage structure or functioning of the cell. The hermetic seal is maintained so that exterior contaminants cannot pass into its interior. The arrangement results in no additional weight being added and the storage structure and functioning of the cell is maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one plate set comprising nickel positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte is contained within the vessel. Electrical leads extend from the electrodes and through an electrical feedthrough (37) in the wall of the vessel to an exterior of the vessel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A sectional view of a flight-type nickel-hydrogen cell.    Energy storage cell (10)    Hermetic pressure vessel (34)    Vessel wall (38)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly isolator (406) is placed between solid electrolyte (306) and a flow field plate (200) to isolate part of this plate from the transverse electrochemical gradient and prevent mechanical and chemical deterioration and corrosion.    USE - In PEM fuel cells used for automotive, aerospace and industrial purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The material electrochemically isolates part of the flow field plate from the transverse electrochemical gradient so that mechanical/chemical deterioration of the electrolyte and corrosion of the field plate are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An isolator of a fuel cell assembly having a longitudinal axis with a flow field plate and a separated solid electrolyte across it. It comprises isolating material (406) between a section of the electrolyte (306) and an exterior face (202) of the plate (200), including an effective boundary between first and second parts. The first part includes a reactant fluid channel forming a transverse electrochemical gradient across the boundary and the isolator electrochemically isolates part of the second part from this gradient.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) An isolator as above, additionally comprising gasketing material;    (2) A method of isolating the electrochemical gradient above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cutaway section of fuel cell and isolators is shown.    Plate (200)    Solid electrolyte (306)    Isolator (406)
NOVELTY - A conductive metal plate is provided with projections (14b) on its one side (14a). The lateral surface of each electrode (12,13) contacts the electrolyte (11) forming a propagation line for supply of electrolyte. The projections on metal plate is formed by half blanking press stamping.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: manufacturing apparatus of collector plate; manufacturing method of collector plate    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The workability of the collector plate is excellent by using metallic base. The material cost of processing cost can be reduced by using cheap material reduces single cell size of battery by using thin collector plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the sectional view of the collector plate. (11) Electrolyte; (12,13) Electrode; (14a) One side of conductive metal plate; (14b) Projection.
NOVELTY - Phosphorus present in silicone material is converted to phosphorus hydride by heating silicone material with alkali hydroxide or an alkali hydroxide solution after which quantitative analysis of phosphorus hydride is carried out.    USE -   Used for quantitative analysis of phosphorus trace in silicone material used for solar batteries, semiconductors, electronic materials etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Analysis is done quickly and remarkable effect in respect of stable production can be expected.
NOVELTY - A base metal complex oxide comprising platinum group and rare earth metals is dispersed on the surface of a ceramic integrated carrier through activated alumina.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (i) production of catalyst using salt of octanoic acid; and (ii) the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) in hydrogen by contacting the catalyst with a gaseous mixture containing oxygen, carbon monoxide and mainly hydrogen. CO is selectively oxidised to carbon dioxide.    USE -   For oxidizing the carbon monoxide present in hydrogen supplied to a fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst selectively oxidises carbon monoxide and reduces its concentration in hydrogen. Deterioration of the catalyst with time is reduced. The catalyst has good stability and increased catalytic activity.
NOVELTY - The connection between the silicon layer (3) of battery and the clock drive unit is formed through an electroconductive glue provided on an insulated protective layer (6). When temperature is in the range of 130-170 C, heat hardening of the electroconductive glue is performed.    USE -   For amorphous silicon solar battery used in clock.    ADVANTAGE -   By using electroconductive glue, low resistance connection is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model diagram of silicon battery. (3) Amorphous silicon layer; (6) Insulated protective layer.
NOVELTY - The solar battery cell has a light-receiving electrode containing 2 wt.% or less of a phosphorus compound. The whole cell block is covered by transparent resin layers containing phosphorus compound.    The phosphorus content in transparent resin is less than 0.2 wt%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing method.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the phosphorus content of the resin is less, discolouring or paling of the resin is eliminated, thereby increasing conversion efficiency. Since soldering is not used, electrode structure is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional view of the electrode structure of the solar battery.
NOVELTY - Semiconductor thin film consists of I group, III group and VI group elements such as In and Ga. The inclusion amount of III group element Ga is 40% or more. The thickness of an optical absorption layer using In and Ga is 1 m or less.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The thickness of an optical absorption layer is 1 m or less, thereby reducing consumption of raw material. Hence cost of solar battery is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional model diagram of the thin film battery.
NOVELTY - The electrically conductive film (101) which is to be etched, is placed in an electrolyte (104) such that the contact angle of the electrolyte, is 70 or less.    USE -   For manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Precise pattern is obtained, as air bubbles generated at the time of electrolytic etching do not influence the substrate. Processing time is reduced and the method is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of solar battery. (101) Electrically conductive film; (104) Electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The solid concentration of a melt is adjusted during a silicon crystal growth method. The melt contains a dopant which contains silicon fused with indium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a solar battery in which a melt containing a dopant of silicon and indium is contacted with a substrate. A couple of silicon layers with predefined conductivity are formed one above the other.    USE -   For solar battery manufacture (claimed). Applied to large scale silicon devices such as pixel actuation circuit of liquid crystal display elements.    ADVANTAGE -   Silicon crystals of good quantity with desired dopant concentrations are obtained by an inexpensive process.
NOVELTY - Two or more sheets of carbon felt are laminated on both surface sides of a laminate (1). Strips of insulating or conductive resin are formed on the centre section of laminate board along the entire length direction and carbon felt bipolar board is obtained.    USE -   Carbon felt bipolar board structure for redox flow battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon felt bipolar board is arranged between positive and negative electrode plate to reduce internal resistance of redox flow battery, thus battery efficiency of redox flow is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional and top view of bipolar board. (1) Laminate body.
NOVELTY - A water condenser (6) condenses water from the combustion exhaust gas of fuel battery. The system has decarboxylating, dephosphorising units (16,21) for carbon dioxide, phosphorus removal. The condensed water stored in the lower section is recovered by circulating that into a cooling tower (29) by a circulating pump (27).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A pipe line connects the condensed water storing section and the cooling tower. The circulating pump has a branch valve (28) whose one end is connected to the cooling tower and another end to decarboxylation unit. A flow regulating valve (30) is provided whose one end is connected to the condensed water and the other end to the cooling tower.    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The decarboxylation units, dephosphorous units are separated by baffle plates hence the removal of phosphoric acid is made easy by the exfoliation of the baffle plate itself. The need for large volume, heavy water tank become unnecessary.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the water vapor condenses for waste gas of fuel batteries. (6) Water condenser; (16) Decarboxylating unit; (21) Dephosphorous unit; (27) Circulating pump; (28) Branch valve; (29) Cooling tower; (30) Flow regulating valve.
NOVELTY - Slurried organic waste (D) is supplied from family yard to a gas formation unit (17) with transportation pipe (P) and methane is generated. Methane is used as fuel by organic refuse processing system and for fuel battery for electricity generation which is supplied to family yards and homes.    USE -   Utilising organic waste for generating domestic electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Generates electricity from domestic organic waste, and thus utilises waste whilst also providing electric to the house. Reduces refuse bag consumption by using pipe for transportation, and thus reduces cost of conveyance. Money can be made by selling dump power to electric power firm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas supply apparatus for fuel batteries using organic waste. (17) Gas formation unit; (D) Slurried organic waste; (P) Transportation pipe.
NOVELTY - Vapor is injected into a cathode of the fuel battery. Electricity is generated from a cathode gas containing oxygen and anode gas containing hydrogen.    USE -   In electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   By vapor injection, the output of fuel battery is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire block diagram of the vapor fuel battery.
NOVELTY - The method involves depositing organic metal containing solid electrolyte (68) on a base material (63) by organic metal chemical vapor deposition process. The deposition temperature of the organic metal is maintained at 100 C.    USE -   For solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte film formation can be done safely without generating chloride exhaust. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the deposition apparatus used for the solid electrolyte film formation. (63) Base material; (68) Solid electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A protective coat (12) made of mixture containing nickel oxide and conducting material, is given to the hydrogen pole.    USE -   For solid electrolytic fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents gas leak even when the solid electrolyte breaks. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a rough explanatory drawing of solid electrolytic fuel battery. (12) Protective coat.
NOVELTY - The metal containing 1-80 wt% of stainless steel or aluminum or titanium is used as separator base material. A metallic film containing conductive ceramics is laminated on the surface of base material. The resistance factor of the conductive ceramics is 3x10-4 ohm cm.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   As the separator is laminated with film containing conductive ceramics, the shape of the separator is stabilized even after mechanical shock and compressive stress. Thereby the electrically conductive property is stabilized for a long period of time.
NOVELTY - The metal plate (203) used as base material for separator, has plated surface. The base material is constituted by complex oxide of silver, chromium nitride, and a platinum group or the composite of boron carbide and nickel.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers separator with high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded view of fuel battery consisting of separator. (203) Metal plate.
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a container (11) partitioned by gas diffusion electrodes (12,13) forming a central reaction chamber (16) and gas supply chambers (14,15). The central chamber accommodates methanol layer (17) that acts as electrolyte and oil layer (18). Two kinds of gas are supplied from the gas supply chambers to reaction chamber through the diffusion electrodes.    USE -   For fuel battery used in electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   As the gas diffusion electrodes itself generate heat, the temperature of methanol and oil is increased and a reaction takes place, therefore separate power supply for heating is not required. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an explanatory diagram of fuel manufacturing apparatus. (11) Container; (12,13) Gas diffusion electrodes; (14,15) Gas supply chambers; (16) Reaction chamber; (17) Methanol layer; (18) Oil layer.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell contains gaskets, at the circumferential part of the unit cell, alternately stacked with each other, with separator between, and comprising elastomer layer and adhesive layer.    USE - As polymer electrolyte fuel cell, using furl in form of pure hydrogen or reform hydrogen obtained from methanol or fossil fuel as reducing agent, and using air or oxygen as oxidizing agent.    ADVANTAGE - Since the gasket is adhered to separator, mispositioning of gasket during the assembling of the cell stack is prevented. Olefinic rubbers, used in elastomer layer of the gasket, are less expensive than fluoro-rubbers and silicone rubbers, and have excellent weather resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell consists of unit cells, each comprising solid polymer ion exchange membrane, with positive and negative electrodes formed on its both sides, and gaskets, each arranged at the circumferential part of unit cell and alternately stacked with each other via separator placed between.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of fuel cell.    Separator (2)    Electrolyte plate (11)    Positive electrode and negative electrode (12)    Gas path (provided inside the stack in case of internal manifold type) (13)    Gasket (21)    Adhesive layer (22)    Elastomer layer (23)
NOVELTY - A film-forming apparatus comprises a vacuum chamber (C4) with a device for forming a pre-film of crystalline silicon on a target substrate and an energy beam-irradiating device for crystallizing the pre-film.    USE - In forming crystalline silicon films for thin film transistor switches in liquid crystal displays, integrated circuits and solar batteries and for insulating film    ADVANTAGE - Films have good quality and adhesion and are formed with high productivity: pre-film and final film are formed in the same chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming a crystalline silicon film using the apparatus above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A diagram of the film-forming apparatus is shown.    Vacuum chamber (C4)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell unit has a hollow micro-fiber matrix electrolyte, in which the micro-fibers (2) are filament or staple fiber bundles with bonded ends.    USE - The fuel cell unit or stack is used for d.c. generation from cross-flow streams of fuel (especially a hydrogen-containing fuel) and an oxidant (claimed). The fuel injection nozzle is used in the fuel cell unit or stack (claimed) or in Otto or diesel engines, in Carnot cycle processes or the like.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell unit has a large reactive surface area at minimum space (e.g. 11000 cm2 per cm3 fuel cell volume), is simple to produce and has high flexibility of use    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell unit includes a hollow micro-fiber matrix electrolyte, in which the micro-fibers (2) have a wall thickness of 0.01-50 mu and an identical outside diameter of 0.05-280 mu and are in the form of filament bundles, filament yarn bundles, staple fiber bundles or staple fiber yarn bundles with shape-stable bonded ends.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a fuel cell stack including several of the above fuel cell units; and    (ii) a fuel injection nozzle, especially for the above fuel cell unit or stack, in which the nozzle openings are formed by hollow micro-fiber bores which have 0.1-100 mu diameter and which are used as lost cores in the casting or injection molding of parts of the nozzle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of a fuel cell stack according to the invention.    Hollow micro-fibers (2)
NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell array has its upper electrodes (6) and photovoltaic layers (5) locally removed to allow conductor bridges (10) to contact the back electrodes (4).    USE - Used as a photovoltaic solar module.    ADVANTAGE - The design permits series-connection of the solar cells without coverage of the back and front electrodes of adjacent cells and permits the use of small substrates with the dimensions of the finished cells or the use of large substrates for subsequent cutting to the desired cell size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photovoltaic device comprises thin film solar cells (1) formed on a single substrate without covering the front and back electrodes of adjacent cells, the gaps between adjacent cells being bridged by conductor bridges (10) which respectively contact the back electrode (4) of one cell and the front electrode (6) of the next cell, the upper electrode (6) and the photovoltaic layer (5) being locally removed in the contact region to the back electrode (4). Preferred Features: The photovoltaic layer consists of copper-indium diselenide or cadmium telluride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic side view of a series-connection between two solar cells.    Solar cells (1)    Back electrode (4)    Photovoltaic layer (5)    Front electrode (6)    Conductor bridge (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell electrode comprises an open porous substrate completely coated with a different catalytically active material.    USE - As a gas diffusion electrode or anode for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode is relatively inexpensive since it consists mainly of silicon, while having a large catalytically active surface to provide good carbon monoxide compatibility and a large electrochemically active surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) an electrode production process in which a porous substrate is non-electro-coated with catalytically active material; and    (ii) a method of producing an electrode/electrolyte unit by depositing amorphous silicon on a solid electrolyte layer, electrochemically etching to create open porosity in the deposited silicon and then immersing in a solution of H2PtCl6 salt in hydrofluoric acid solvent until electroless deposition of platinum on the silicon surface ceases.    Preferred Features: The porous substrate consists of silicon and the catalytically active material consists of platinum or platinum-ruthenium.
NOVELTY - A solar battery cell is firmly fixed between reinforced pane of glass and a bag film. The bag film is laminated via a sealing material by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with thickness of 0.02-0.2 mm.    USE -   For installing solar battery in roofing tile.    ADVANTAGE -   Generating of toxic gas during combustion is low. Deposition of dust by wind and rain is prevented, as roofing tile does not have high protrusion. Surface of solar battery is clean due to smooth flow of shower.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows roofing tile with solar battery.
NOVELTY - Several electrode pairs (1) having cathode (11) and anode (12) are formed for processing substrate (2). All the electrode pairs are distributed radially in the plasma CVD apparatus.    USE -   In plasma CVD apparatus for multilayered film formation used in solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Film is formed on more substrates quickly, hence solar battery manufacturing yield is improved remarkably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic composition of plasma CVD apparatus. (1) Electrode pairs; (2) Processing substrate; (11) Cathode; (12) Anode.
NOVELTY - The indium tin oxide (ITO) sputtering target has an X-ray diffraction integrated intensity in Sn aggregation part, of 1.78-1.81 and in In2O three phase (222) surface, of 1.53- 1.55 .     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ITO sputtering target has a relative density of 95% or more, a mean diameter of pore below 6 m and a mean tin aggregation size below 6 m. The X-ray diffraction integrated intensity of phase with the diffraction surface of face distance in 2% or more of Sn aggregation part is 1.78-1.81 and is 1.53-1.55 in In2O three phase (222) surface.    USE -   For display device actuation electrodes for flat displays e.g. liquid crystal display, electro-luminescence, plasma display etc. For transparent electrodes of solar batteries, for wire shield coating on glass panes, for fog prevention and anti-icing of window shields of high speed traffic engine, electro static shielding coat etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Abnormal discharge nodules and electrical resistance spots are not generated. Increase in resistance is reduced and high transmittance is enabled for forming low resistant ITO transparent electrically conductive film.
NOVELTY - The methanol aqueous solution in the liquid phase is modified in the presence of a solid catalyst.    USE -   For rocket, fuel battery, as raw material gas for coal product, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The amount of carbon monoxide (byproduct) contained in the hydrogen gas is reduced. Therefore, the purification of hydrogen gas is made easy.
A solar cell module manufacturing method comprising: (i) placing a solar cell module main body (2) in a metallic mould (6) composed of an releasable front mould (61) and a rear mould (62) for forming a main body portion cavity (63) with shape equivalent to that of the solar cell module main body and sealing portion cavities (64) for forming sealing members (3) between the front and the rear moulds when the metallic mould is closed; and (ii) injecting a reactive sealing material obtained by mixing polyol and isocyanate in the metallic mould so as to seal peripheral portions of the solar cell module main body by the sealing material, where the polyol is polyether polyol and the isocyanate is methane-diphenyl isocyanate.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of cracks in a glass plate used in a solar cell module main body during a moulding process is prevented because viscosity of the sealing material is low and the sealing material is cured by heat with low temperature.
NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) an electrochemical device (70) comprising the ceramic element and a second ceramic element adjacent to the first, which together form a pressure tight chamber via a seal (20); and    (2) a method of generating oxygen using the electrochemical device containing the electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a top perspective view of two molded elements formed into an electrochemical module assembly.    Electrochemical module (70);    Elements (10, 10');    Flange members joined to form seal (20, 20').
NOVELTY - Reformer has equipment for continuous and spontaneous discharge of the condensate from its catalyst bed.    USE - The mobile equipment with reformer is a component of the drive system (claimed). The reformer is used for converting methanol to hydrogen, especially for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Very pure hydrogen (H2) is needed if fuel cells are to operate for 5000 hours. In stationary operation, steam reforming of methanol gives a product gas containing 66 vol.% H2. If the reformer is stopped, condensation damages the catalyst and reduces its activity and hence H2 production. When it is started again, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration increases, intermediates appear in the product gas and stationary operation is attained only after 20 minutes. These conditions occur regularly in fuel cells and reformers used in the drive system of mobile equipment, e.g. cars and aircraft. The usual method of avoiding condensation on the catalyst involves purging with complex control, with associated weight and space penalties. Continuous spontaneous discharge of the condensate, by the effect of gravity, avoids these problems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section of a reformer.    Inlet for gas to be reformed (1)    Catalyst zone (2)    Screen for retaining catalyst (3)    Side outlet for reformed gas (4)    Receiver below catalyst zone (5)
NOVELTY - The material (30) comprises a layer of solar cells (32), a flexible substrate (34), a flexible electrically nonconductive adhesive (40) which connects the substrate (34) to the airship substrate (38). The shape and size of substrate (34) matches the airship gore. Electrically conductive conduits (46), preferably two, are disposed between the substrate (38) and flexible solar cell layer.    USE - For high altitude stratospheric vehicles, airships and platforms flexible energy producing covering, for operation at the threshold of space and in space.    ADVANTAGE - The operation life is increased and resistance to solar degradation is improved. The trapping of air bubbles between layers during bonding process is eliminated. Lightweight, durable, energy producing flexible covering is suitable for airship technology.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for making a flexible energy producing material. The material is produced by aligning a layer of flexible solar cells with a flexible substrate layer and adding a layer of nonconductive adhesive between them. The layers are then heated and pressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side elevation view of the flexible energy producing material.    Material (30)    Solar cells layer (32)    Flexible substrate (34)    Airship substrate (38)    Conducting conduit (46)
NOVELTY - A flexible solar battery (20) covered with resin film and provided on a hot plate (21), is heated to a temperature until the resin film is not melted. A soldering iron (11) with specific temperature is pressed into the portion of the resin film, where it is to be removed, and thus electrode surface of flexible solar battery is exposed.    USE - USE For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Electrode surface of flexible solar battery in predetermined portion, is exposed exactly and quickly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows explanatory view of exposure method. (11) Soldering iron; (20) Solar battery; (21) Hot plate.
NOVELTY - Battery (1) has a fuel electrode (3), air electrode (2) and matrix (4) containing nearly 100% phosphoric acid. After usage, before stopping, water vapor in the fuel supplied to fuel electrode, is increased through line (L3) connected to the fuel gas line.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Partial pressure of water vapor in the fuel gas increases, thereby lowering the concentration of phosphoric acid.    USE -   For stopping electricity generation of phosphoric acid fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces the freezing point of phosphoric acid, thus preventing its freezing during storage at room temperature, which can damage the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the block diagram of connections in use of battery. (1) Battery; (2) Air electrode; (3) Fuel electrode; (4) Matrix; (L3) Steam supply line.
NOVELTY - Heat dissipated from battery and convertor exhaust gases is recovered by cooling water which gets heated and collected along with modifier exhaust gas in steam separator (4). Water from separator is used as cooling water for battery and convertor. The hot water from the steam separator is used for heating water in steam generator (8).     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In modifier (1), hydrocarbon gas reacts with steam to generate H2 and CO. CO is burnt in convertor (2) to obtain CO2 . Resulting gas is the fuel for battery (3) in which H2 reacts with O2to generate electricity and heat.    USE -   For fuel battery electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   Uses exhaust heat for steam generation, thereby improving efficiency of steam generation, and hence overall efficiency of the battery is improved. Rate of flow of cooling water is altered, depending on the service condition of the battery, thereby further improving heat recovery. Temperature of cooling water to the convertor is controlled by providing a heat exchanger, thereby ensuring stable operation of the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a diagram of exhaust heat recovery system. (1) Modifier; (2) Convertor; (3) Battery; (4) Steam separator; (8) Steam generator.
NOVELTY - The sealant (15) has sealing liquid agent containing sintered ultra-small particles of metal oxide with melting point higher than the operating temperature of the battery, applied to the sealing portion and baked.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sealing method of solid state electrolytic fuel battery.    USE -   For flat solid state electrolytic fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The metal oxide in the sealant is highly reactive, and so small particles can be formed by sintering at low temperature. Since only the joining portions need to be treated with the sealant, its consumption is small.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the battery. (15) Sealant.
NOVELTY - Several flow paths (24P,25P) are provided in separators (24,25) for passage of oxidation gas. The separators are made from flame retardant material like brominated epoxy resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of separator for fuel battery.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids undesired oxidation reaction as separators are made from flame retardant material to withstand thermolysis. Avoids increase in fuel battery temperature and hence prevents combustion reaction. Avoids burning of gas diffusion electrode by rise in temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows the cross section of the single cell. (24,25) Separators; (24P,25P) Flow paths.
NOVELTY - The electrolyzer carries out the electrolysis of water with the electric power obtained by the photoelectric conversion of solar energy. Using the buoyancy of hydrogen gas bubble (4a) generated by the electrolyzer the sea water is guided upwards in a guide pipe (6). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The guide pipe has electrodes (3a,3b) which generate chlorine and hydrogen. The gas-liquid separator (7) provided in the upper part of the guide pipe separates gas-liquid mixed water into hydrogen gas bubble and sea water.    USE -   For pumping water.    ADVANTAGE -   Electric power by fossil fuel, or from external power supply is not needed since it is obtained by photoelectric conversion of solar energy. Installation of mechanical pump is unnecessary. Pumping of deep waters is performed, cooling and cold storage is performed using water of low temperature depths. Chlorine generated by the electrode is not mixed with sea water. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of air lift pump. (3a,3b) Electrodes; ; (4a) Hydrogen gas bubble; ; (6) Guide pipe; ; (7) Gas-liquid separator.
NOVELTY - One or more kinds of ceramic nitride, ceramic oxide and rare earth oxide are added as sintering auxiliary agent to raw material and heat treated to form silicon nitride ceramic material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of silicon nitride ceramic material.    USE -   Used for fabrication of components of gas turbine, fuel battery, reactor, spring and motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat treatment after sintering eliminates surface cracks so improving strength of ceramic material. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of silicon nitride ceramic material.
NOVELTY - The crystalline silicon precursor film has a particle size of 10 nm or more and a recycled waste water element concentration of 11022 pieces/cm3or less. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the formation of crystalline silicon precursor film.    USE -   Used for forming silicon film used for thin film transistor (TFT) switch of liquid crystal display device, solar battery, integrated circuit, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The crystalline silicon crystal precursor film helps in improving productivity of silicon film even under low temperature conditions.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell operating process involves distilling the water vapor product from a fuel cell battery and electrolyzing the resulting distilled water to recover hydrogen and oxygen gas which are then temporarily stored in gas balloons for re-supplying the fuel cell battery.    USE - For current supply in houses or industrial plants.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides almost loss-free recovery of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form a self-sufficient current supply for entire houses or industrial plants.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the principle of the hydrogen recovery and supply for a fuel cell operation.    Oxygen tank (1)    Hydrogen tank (2)    Gas balloons (11, 12)    Fuel cell battery (15)    Electrolysis bath (29)    Distillation unit (32)
NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus is formed in 2 or 3 stages with a separation plate between stages. The O2 is fed into the gas mixture outlet from the 1st stage before it passes into the 2nd stage through tubular probes that pass through the end plate of the apparatus. There is a similar arrangement between the 2nd and 3rd stages.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A perspective view of the arrangement of plates and channels in the apparatus of the invention.    Plates (2)    Reaction volume (4)    Coolant volume (5)    Oxygen inlet (10)    Gas mixture inlet (11)    coolant inlet (13)    Coolant outlet (14)    Oxygen inlet probe. (18)
NOVELTY - A liquid fuel cell system (40) comprises a polymeric planar plate assembly (50,58) having a surface pressing against a membrane electrode assembly (56) with many conductive elements extending from the plate giving electrical communication through the plate, oxidant and liquid fuel supplies and an electrical load.    USE - As liquid (methanol) fuel cells for automobiles, lawn mowers portable power generators and the space shuttle    ADVANTAGE - The cell plates are lightweight, inexpensive and easy to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a plate assembly as above; and (b) a method of generating power using the fuel system above by operating in a way which uses the liquid fuel, not the planar plates, to conduct heat.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An exploded sketch of a fuel cell stack is shown.    Fuel cell (40)    End plate (50)    Membrane electrode assembly (56)    Biplate (58)
NOVELTY - A liquid fuel cell electrode comprises a backing layer (37) having a sintered layer (38) on it and a non-sintered free catalyst layer (39).    USE - As a liquid fuel cell (claimed), especially for methanol    ADVANTAGE - Cell performance is improved by the free catalyst, e.g., from 212 to 387 mV at 300 mA/cm2.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a method of forming the electrode above comprising sintering the backing with catalyst and then applying free catalyst to the electrode; (b) a fuel cell element as above; (c) a fuel cell comprising anode and cathode chambers separated by a proton-conducting membrane and cathode and anode electrodes as above contacting the membrane; and (d) a membrane electrode assembly in which cathode and anode electrodes and solid electrolyte are bonded together and the cathode electrode comprises a non-sintered free catalyst layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A drawing of the electrode is shown.    Backing layer (37)    Sintered layer (38)    Free catalyst layer (39)
NOVELTY - Porous carbon gas diffusion electrodes obtained by pyrolysis of organic polymer composites with a three-dimensional globular structure and a reinforced skeleton.    USE - In the construction of Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane (PEM) fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrodes have a smooth surface, as required for the construction of fuel cells, and have controlled porosity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gas diffusion electrode of carbon, made by pyrolysis of a composite of an organic polymer with a three-dimensional globular structure and a reinforced skeleton made wholly or partially from organic material.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included covering a process for preparing the gas diffusion electrodes.
NOVELTY - An autothermal reactor for making high-purity hydrogen from an organic feedstock, oxygen and water comprises a catalyst bed (13) for forming the hydrogen and a hydrogen diffusion membrane (9) for selectively separating the hydrogen from other components of the gas stream.    USE - In producing high-purity hydrogen from organic feedstock for small scale operations such as automotive fuel cells and gas chromatography (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is very portable, does away with the need for hydrogen cylinders, is self-igniting and self-sustaining and gives hydrogen of high purity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a fuel cell system comprising the reactor above; and    (b) a gas chromatography system comprising the reactor above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A drawing of the reactor is shown.    Hydrogen diffusion membrane (9)    Catalyst bed (13)
NOVELTY - During plasma treatment, raw material gas is heated at a temperature of gas `Tm' and a substrate inside a chamber `Ts' satisfies the relationship Tm5.33 Ts+1250, where Ts350 and Tm450 . A silicon thin film is formed on the substrate whose temperature is maintained by a cooling pipe (7) in the anode.     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas introduction pipe (2) is formed in a chamber (10) through which raw material gas is introduced. A gas heating distributor (9) of a cathode (4) enclosed in the chamber, heats the gas at 110-4 - 1 Torr to 450-800 C. An anode (6) and cathode (4) are arranged inside a chamber (10). A substrate is placed between the anode and cathode. A heater (11) in the anode heats the substrate to 200- 300 C. A power supply (3) supplies RF electric power to cathode to promote plasma treatment with raw material gases maintained at 450-800 C and 110-4- 1 Torr.    USE -   For formation of polycrystalline silicon thin film by plasma CVD technique used for thin film transistor and solar battery used in peripheral drive circuit of liquid crystal device.    ADVANTAGE -    Obtains good quality and low defect polycrystalline Si film by plasma treatment with gas at 450 C and pressure 110-4- 1 Torr on substrate at 200-350 C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of plasma processing apparatus. (2) Gas introduction pipe; (3) Power supply; (4) Cathode; (5) Substrate; (6) Anode; (7) Cooling pipe; (9) Gas heating distributor; (10) Chamber; (11) Heater.
NOVELTY - Each single element (S10-S30) includes an electrolyte (11, 21, 31) in between the anodes (13, 23, 33) and cathodes (12, 22, 32), respectively. The length of the electrolyte is increased along electrolysis gas flow direction so that single element at downstream has longest electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The single element (S10-S30) are connected serially by interconnectors (14, 24, 34). The electrolyte gas (G) is supplied from the single element (S10) side and ejected out through the single element (S30) side. The electrolysis is carried out by the electrolyte gas.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents damage of electrolyte at downstream side by reducing current density added to it. Increases reaction area of single element at downstream side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of electrolysis cell. (11, 21, 31) Electrolytes; (12, 22, 32) Cathodes; (13, 23, 33) Anodes; (14, 24, 34) Interconnectors; (S10-S30) Single elements; (G) Electrolyte gas.
NOVELTY - A summation unit (9) calculates fermentation gas production from output value of sludge sensor (2) installed in tank (1) for quantifying sludge (4). An indicator (10) shows electricity production from calculated gas production value. The summation unit is connected with sludge sensor and indicator. A transfer pump supplies produced fermentation gas to fuel battery plant.    USE -   For manufacturing fermentation gas for fuel battery plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers continuous running of fuel battery plant by monitoring the quantity of organic waste in storage tank and accordingly generating electricity. Improves long term dependability of the plant. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery plant run by fermentation gas of organic waste. (1) Tank; (2) Sludge sensor; (9) Summation unit; (10) Indicator.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has fan (8) for passing water vapor from exhaust gas of fuel battery (1) into jet pipes (10) from where the condensed water flows into waste water tank (15) and from there to waste water drain (18) through an overflow pipe (16).    USE -   For removing water from exhaust gases in fuel battery, storage battery, fuel supply source.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents dew and mold in room where fuel batteries are stored. Facilitates continuous electricity generation without reverse flow of water in exhaust gases, by providing an alarm to warn about water level in waste water tank. Prevents reverse flow and stoppage of battery operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is an explanatory drawing of the exhaust gas processor. (1) Fuel battery; (8) Fan; (10) Jet pipe; (15) Waste water tank; (16) Overflow pipe; (18) Waste water drain.
NOVELTY - A burner burns heating gas and supplies it inside the catalyst layer and CO reduction reactor. Temperature of catalyst layer is raised and oxidation reaction takes place in it by supplying heating gas and air. Gas is propagated to the reactor for CO reduction by water vapor modification reaction.    USE -   For improving starting method of improver for fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Starting time is shortened and special heat carriers such as high temperature inert gas need not be used. Precipitation of carbon on catalyst layer is avoided. Simplification of the piping structure is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the main structure centering around the improver for fuel batteries.
NOVELTY - A solar battery cell (3) embedded inside a transparent resin layer (5) is fixed to a panel (2). A tempered glass (6) is fixed on the transparent resin layer. Between the panel and the tempered glass, a sealant (7) which covers a periphery (5a) of the transparent resin layer is provided.    USE -   For covering solar battery cell mounted on roof, outer wall.    ADVANTAGE -   Peeling off of the transparent resin layer is prevented, as entry of resin water and dew is avoided by the sealant. High insulation effect is ensured. Durability of sealant is increased. Exterior design quality is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the solar battery cell cover structure. (2) Panel; (3) Solar battery cell; (5) Transparent resin layer; (5a) Periphery of transparent resin layer; (6) Tempered glass; (7) Sealant.
NOVELTY - Overload treatment is performed to the ceramic product during which load applied is more than actual, and sintering is done after which heat treatment is carried out.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for ceramic material.    USE -   For manufacturing various structures and various components such as the gas turbine, fuel battery, reactor, spring etc., of a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat treatment in the air removes low strength things easily. A surface defect is recovered by heat treatment. Dependability of strength of a ceramic product can be improved.
NOVELTY - A temperature sensor (6) is provided to detect the temperature of the catalytic layer with enricher (8). The temperature sensed is compared to a predetermined temperature of the catalytic layer with enricher and the amount of deterioration of the layer and replacement stage of modification catalyst is detected and judged by the deterioration detector (5).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The enricher added to a modification catalyst is combined with a mixture of fuel and water vapor which are made to continually react in a chamber so that hydrogen is continually generated. A cell stack (21) is formed by an electrolytic cell (19) being sandwiched between a fuel pole (18) and the oxidizing agent pole (20). The temperature sensors for detecting outer wall temperature of the modified pipe having the enricher, the combustion temperature of the enricher, exhaust temperature of the enricher, outlet gas temperature of the enricher are provided. These detected temperatures are compared with the respective predetermined temperature, amount of deterioration is detected and replacement stage of modification catalyst is judged.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the deterioration detection method.    USE -   For detecting catalytic degeneration in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since a deterioration unit is provided in the chamber, instantaneous, continuous, detection of the deterioration of the enricher is sensed and exchange of modification catalyst is judged, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure depicts structure of catalyst degeneration detector. (5) Deterioration detector; ; (6) Temperature sensor; ; (8) Enricher; ; (18) Fuel pole; ; (19) Electrolytic cell; ; (20) Agent pole; ; (21) Cell stack.
NOVELTY - A guard plate (14) whose periphery is larger than that of the filler layer (12) is arranged over the filler layer (12), such that a step (18) is formed between the peripheral portion of filler layer (12) and the guard plate. A sealing resin (16) from dispenser seals the circumference of filler layers (12,13) so that the step is covered integrally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery (11) is sealed inbetween filler layers (12,13) that are made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) resin.    USE -   For polycrystalline, single crystal solar battery modules manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the sealing resin injection from dispenser is automated, mass production is achieved, and stability and reliability of quality are secured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is an expanded sectional view of end face processing state of solar battery module manufacturing process. (11) Solar battery; (12, 13) Filler layers; (14) Guard plate; (16) Sealing resin; (18) Step.
NOVELTY - A semiconductor material is coated on a cadmium sulphide film (3) of a substrate (4), and is precipitated. A plate (5) is stuck on the precipitated coatings by heating. The plate and substrate are heated with a separate heater after vaporization process of the coating. The substrate is heated to temperature greater than that of the plate.    USE -   For a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Since a homogeneous large area semiconductor thin film with low manufacturing cost is obtained, efficiency the of solar battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional chart of a solar battery. (3) Cadmium sulphide film; (4) Substrate; (5) Plate.
NOVELTY - Heating time of a glass plate (1) is set to 150 or less seconds. The maximum temperature of the glass plate before rapid cooling is set to 610-630 C. The temperature distribution at the surface of the glass plate is set less than 30 C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transparent electrically conductive film (3) is formed on the glass plate (1). Heat processing of the glass plate is performed after which rapid cooling is performed by spraying cool air. The coefficient of linear expansion of the glass plate is 30x10-7K-1.    USE -   For amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The curvature of the glass substrate is suppressed and crack initiation is prevented. Damage of the glass substrate at time of conveyance, construction etc., is eliminated. Enables accurate laser patterning. Secures excellent shock resistance. Prevents disturbance of inplane resistance distribution and explosion in solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solar battery. (1) Glass plate; (3) Conductive film.
NOVELTY - The strontium doped lanthanum chromite contains chromium, lanthanum, strontium, cobalt, aluminum and oxygen as principal components.     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The principal component of a strontium doped lanthanum chromite is Cr(La1-x Srx )1-(y+z) Coy Alz O3powder. The values of x, y and z satisfy 0 &lt; x &lt; 0.12, 0 &lt; y &lt; 0.05, 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.05, 0 &lt; y+z 0.05.    USE -   For solid electrolyte type fuel battery to supply power for cogeneration.    ADVANTAGE -   The anomalous expansion in the reducing atmosphere is suppressed and high electronic conductivity is maintained. There is no phase change of perovskite type structure of lanthanum chromite, hence dilation is prevented and development of crack by the difference of a thermal expansion coefficient with a separator is prevented. Steam pressure of chrome oxide is restrained and strength of sintered compact is raised. Lanthanum chromite maintains strength stabilized also under hot water vapor, hence strength of construction element of fuel battery is raised and its life span is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows disassembling isometric view of solid electrolyte type fuel battery.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery consists of proton conductive electrolyte (1) which is supported with an anode (2) and a cathode (3) having gas diffusion property on either sides. Dimethyl ether and water vapor is directly supplied to the anode.    USE -   As power source for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   The problem of storage and loading of fuel in direct model fuel battery is eliminated. Electricity is directly generated from hydrocarbon fuel, therefore, electricity generation efficiency of battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the direct model dimethyl ether fuel battery. (1) Proton conductive electrolyte; (2) Anode; (3) Cathode.
NOVELTY - A combustor (23) burns portion of gases from cathode and anode of a fuel battery (20) and sends it to a modifier (22) to recycle cathode via a carbon dioxide recycle line (7) to the battery. A combustor (41) burns the remnant anode gas collected by a carbon dioxide collector (40).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A turbine compressor (28) rotated in the second compressor exhaust supplies air to a circulation line (3) to mix portion of cathode gas to the recycle line.    USE -   To reuse carbon dioxide from fuel battery generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces release of carbon dioxide into atmosphere without reducing generator efficiency by using to run compressor for circulating air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery electrical power generator. (3) Circulation line; (7) Carbon dioxide recycle line; (20) Fuel battery; (22) Modifier; (23,41) Combustors; (28) Turbine compressor; (40) Carbon dioxide collector.
NOVELTY - A weak base type anion exchange group formed, at least on one surface of the film. The methanol made pole is joined to one surface of the anion exchange film.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolyte type methanol fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The amount of cross leak of methanol can be reduced and output voltage of fuel battery is raised.
NOVELTY - The silicon specimen is excited and is made to emit light using plasma as source. From the light emission spectrum, the spectral line of boron element is extracted and the density of boron is obtained using predetermined analytical curve.    USE -   For analyzing micro dose boron in highly pure silicon material used for solar battery, semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE -   Detects amount of boron in silicon material, exactly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of plasma torch and specimen configuration.
NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell integrated cladding assembly which has mounted on it a number of solar cell modules, each made of a number of solar cell elements. Each solar cell module or element is connected in parallel or in series to other solar cell modules or elements by means of a conductive lead or connector. The conductive leads are covered by a jacketing material that is made from a polyvinyl chloride type resin containing at least one polyester type plasticizer, phosphoric acid ester type plasticizer, fatty acid ester type plasticizer, and epoxy type plasticizer.
NOVELTY - The membrane has a layer on one side which promotes catalytic combustion.    USE - To separate hydrogen from methanol reforming. To heat up a methanol reformer from cold.    ADVANTAGE - Catalytic combustion is used to heat the separator as rapidly as possible, for early hydrogen generation. The hydrogen is used in fuel cells of an electric vehicle, rapid warm-up being essential to fast getaway. Direct, flameless heating of the hydrogen separation membrane takes place very rapidly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a methanol reformer (1) separating hydrogen (14) from product gases of the methanol-reforming reaction, where the separator is a membrane of the type described;    (b) operation of such a reforming plant, where during the cold start phase, before operational temperature is reached, the catalytic combustion process is carried out on the catalyst layer (13) side of the hydrogen separation membrane (9), and the gases to be burned, flow against this layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The block diagram shows the reformer in cold start mode; a further diagram in the disclosure portrays the heated-up mode of operation.    methanol reformer (1)    hydrogen separation membrane (9)    catalyst layer (13)    hydrogen (14)
NOVELTY - Fuel cells of the solid polyelectrolyte type in which the solid polyelectrolyte membrane has a controlled water content which is higher next to the negative electrode than to the positive electrode, in relation to the thickness of the membrane.    USE - As small, lightweight sources of energy, e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost, high-power fuel cell in which the catalytic action of the membrane and hence the power output of the cell is increased by controlling the water content of the membrane. The effect of this is to promote back-diffusion of water from the positive electrode so as to compensate for the loss of water from the negative electrode and prevent excessive wetting of the positive electrode.
NOVELTY - Platinum nanoparticles embedded in a protective colloid containing polymeric betaine.    USE - The soluble nanoparticles are used in the production of catalysts for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of polymeric betaines as protective colloid allows the production of stable solutions with very small particle size having very high dispersity which gives economies in the consumption of expensive metals, and allows the protective colloid to be completely or partially removed by hydrolytic decomposition e.g. after immobilization on a carbon support.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Nanoparticles of platinum alone or platinum and other metals of the platinum group, embedded in a protective colloid containing polymeric betaine and which can be decomposed by hydrolysis. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included covering:    (a) a process for producing the soluble nanoparticles;    (b) catalysts made by contacting a carbon substrate with a solution of the nanoparticles;    (c) catalysts also containing a proton-conductive polymer; and    (d) use of the catalysts in fuel cells.
NOVELTY - A multi-axially stretched perfluorinated ionomer membrane (I) used in an electrochemical cell is prepared by extrusion of the perfluorinated ionomer membrane precursor (II) through a film blowing head (a die with a circular orifice) to form a thin walled continuous tube, expansion of the tube by means of internal pressure and cooling to solidify (II) as a film.    USE - The multi-axially stretched perfluorinated ionomer membrane (I) is useful in an electrochemical cell (claimed) such as a chloroalkali cell, fuel cell or energy storage and/or power delivery device.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane (I) is substantially isotropic and has improved dimensional stability. The process is continuous or semi-continuous.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic representation of the film blowing technique.    hopper (1)    extruder (2)    circular die (3)    inlet (4)    valve (5)    bubble (6)    nip rolls (8)    wind up roll (9)    air cooling ring (10)
NOVELTY - Silicon oxide impurities are removed from thin silicon crystal webs using a caustic solution at an appropriate temperature and period.    USE - Especially in treatment of dendritic silicon crystal webs for production of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Complex Si oxides are removed economically and effectively without removal of silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Silicon oxide impurities are removed from a thin silicon crystal web of (111) surface orientation by applying a caustic solution, preferably KOH or NaOH at a temperature of 80-85 degrees C for a period of 5-10 minutes. The silicon oxide has the composition SiOx where x = 1-2.
NOVELTY - The substrate (101) having electrical conductivity at least in one portion of its surface is immersed in a solution containing copper and nitrate ions. The cuprous oxide film (104) is deposited selectively in the electrical conductivity portion by cathode reaction.    USE -   For manufacture of semiconductor devices such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The cuprous oxide is deposited selectively on the substrate and therefore quality is improved. The serial integration solar battery having high output voltage is manufactured efficiently even if laser scribe procedure is not used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents structure of the solar battery manufactured by cuprous oxide film formation. (101) Substrate; (104) Cuprous oxide film.
NOVELTY - The control board (31) whose potential is controlled by a source (30), is arranged below a film forming unit (25). An electrode (24) having vents is positioned between the heater (23) and the potential controlled source.    USE -   For forming fine crystal thin film on substrates which are used in solar battery and thin film transistor.    ADVANTAGE -   As the potential controlled source is positioned below the film forming unit, the plasma potential between the electrode and the heater is reduced thereby membranous crystallinity is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents general view of the plasma CVD apparatus. (23) Heater; (24) Electrode; (25) Film forming unit; (30) Source; (31) Potential control board.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell consists of an inlet (2) and outlet (7) for modified gas and a metal filter (4). The metal filter diffuses the modified gas into a catalyst layer (5).    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Size is reduced and efficiency is enhanced. The action of catalyst is performed effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the cross- sectional diagram of fuel battery. (1) Case; ; (2) Inlet; ; (3) Inlet space part; ; (4) Metal filter; ; (5) Catalyst layer; ; (6) Outlet space part; ; (7) Outlet.
NOVELTY - The multifunctional sheet (100) consists of a base film (1) containing luminous member (2) with punched through hole (6). A photocatalyst (3) is provided on both sides of a base film.    The material for base film is acrylic type resin, alkyl melamine resin, silicone group resin, vinyl acetate group resin, fluorine group resin, epoxy group resin, urethane group resin, ultraviolet cured resin, natural rubber, isobutylene-isoprene rubber, vinyl chloride group resin, phenol resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, polystyrene resin, styrenic resin, polyamide resin or inorganic glass.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The photocatalyst disassembles the polluted substance, adhered on the surface of the sheet. When the luminous material is switched off, the photocatalyst and solar battery functions to emit the light and the area is illuminated. The solar battery generates electricity, there by energy is conserved and environment is preserved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional drawing of the multifunctional sheet. (1) Base film; (2) Luminous member; (3) Photocatalyst; (4) Liquid; (6) Through- hole; (100) Sheet.
NOVELTY - An absorption layer (13) of copper-indium and gallium-selenium group compound or cadmium tellurium is provided over a glass substrate (11). The layer holds the slow cooling point of the glass above a set temperature and the coefficient of expansion within certain range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The slow cooling point is above 550 C. The coefficient of expansion is 6 x 10-6C - 10 x 10-6C. The glass substrate comprises 40-80 wt.% silica, 5-15 wt.% alumina, 1-15 wt.% each of sodium oxide and potassium oxide, and 1-10 wt.% magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide and zinc oxide.    USE -   For compound thin film batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents distortion and improves yield by raising slow cooling point and lowering thermal expansion coefficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a structural drawing of CIGS group solar battery. (11) Glass substrate; (13) Thin film.
NOVELTY - A positive hydrogenated fine crystal silicon layer (3), an intrinsic hydrogenated fine crystal silicon layer (5) and a negative hydrogenated fine crystal silicon layer (6) are sequentially formed over a glass substrate (1) by plasma chemical vapor deposition. A buffer layer (4) of hydrogenated fine crystal silicon is provided between the crystal layers (3,5).    USE -   In solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Stabilizes resistance to photodegradation by plasma chemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated fine crystal silicon layer. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of solar battery. (1) Glass substrate; (3,5,6) Fine crystal silicon layers; (4) Buffer layer.
NOVELTY - Paste containing heat resistant inactive particle and binder is coated over transparent substrate (1) having transparent electrically conductive film (2) and is baked. Cadmium sulphide and cadmium telluride films (4,5) are formed sequentially above substrate. The particle layer, cadmium sulphide and upper layer of cadmium telluride film are then patterned.    USE -   For manufacturing of cadmium sulphide-cadmium telluride solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates increase in resistance of transparent electrically conductive film of battery. Offers battery with sufficient reproducibility and conversion efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of manufacturing process of solar battery. (1) Transparent substrate; (2) Transparent electrically conductive film; (4) Cadmium sulphide film; (5) Cadmium telluride film.
NOVELTY - The impression electrodes (1003) provided at the plasma of cathode (1002) with continuously changing height have ventilation holes. The gas passes through the ventilation holes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for film forming method using CVD.    USE -   For film formation on semiconductor used in photovoltaic cells such as solar batteries with roll to roll system.    ADVANTAGE -   A uniform thin film is formed due to the ventilation holes formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional drawing of CVD apparatus. (1002) Cathode; (1003) Impression electrodes.
NOVELTY - Impression electrodes (1003) are distributed in the plasma of cathode (1002) at regular intervals forming a limit with strip shaped material (1000). The height of impression electrodes are reduced gradually in the gas flow direction in such a way so that the sum of contact area of electrodes touching cathode is greater than that of strip material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for film forming method.    USE -   For formation of thin film on semiconductor used in photovoltaic cell such as solar battery with roll to roll system.    ADVANTAGE -   A film of uniform thickness is formed on the semiconductor without any defects.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plasma CVD apparatus. (1000) Strip shaped material; (1002) Cathode; (1003) Impression electrodes.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte includes anion exchange membrane which comprises an anion exchanger supported on a porous film made of polyolefin or polyfluoro olefin.    USE -   For methanol fuel battery used for domestic and industrial purpose.    ADVANTAGE -   The porous film with anion exchanger has heat resistant and alkali resistant property, enabling gaseous phase supply of methanol and reduces leakage of methanol. The electrolyte used in methanol fuel battery has a high output voltage with stability.
NOVELTY - Photo-electrochemical solar cells with a dye for converting photons into electrons and a means of generating useful electrical current therefrom, in which the dye is N,N'-bis-(2,5-di-tert.-butylphenyl)- or N,N'-bis-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid di-imide, rosolic acid or carbol fuchsin.    USE - For generating electricity from solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - These dyes are commercially readily available and inexpensive, easily handled and readily soluble in ethanol or dioxan etc. They are able to convert photons into electrons with high efficiency and are stable for 2 years in full sunlight.
NOVELTY - The annealing system comprises a microwave generator providing microwaves to area within interior of the processing chamber, the microwaves having a frequency at which the film is absorptive but the substrate is not, and a wave-guide distributing microwaves over the film surface and a providing uniform dosage of microwaves. The frequency is 2.45 GHz.    USE - For annealing amorphous films, particularly for annealing amorphous Si films so they are transformed into polysilicon films for use in thin film transistors employed for active matrix liquid crystal displays, and in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Annealing of amorphous Si films and transforming amorphous Si films into polysilicon films is achieved without using complex laser annealing, thermal annealing, or lamp annealing systems. A higher quality anneal is achieved as by only heating the deposited film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a method of depositing and annealing film in processing chamber. The method comprises providing a substrate in processing chamber, providing gas in processing chamber, generating microwaves with a frequency so that a portion of microwaves induce plasma of a portion of the gas, depositing film onto substrate from plasma, and directing microwaves to surface of film. The film is amorphous silicon and the substrate is glass.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a cross-sectional view of PECVD processing chamber employing a microwave annealing system.
NOVELTY - The solar cell has a structure with an intrinsic gallium phosphide layer, 300 nm wide, between the base and emitter layers to act as a diffusion barrier.    USE - For the upper layer of a GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The intrinsic layer prevents Zn diffusing into the emitter, prolonging the lifetime of minority carriers to improve conversion efficiency (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Indium gallium phosphide solar cell has a structure comprising a doped gallium arsenide substrate, a buffer layer, a back surface field layer (BSF), a base layer, an intrinsic layer, an emitter layer, a window layer, and a cap layer. An AuGe layer is plated on the cap, and an AuZn layer is plated in the back of the substrate. The cap layer is etched by HCl and H2O, and an antireflection layer is then plated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic of the layers forming the cell, and their thickness.
NOVELTY - A return end temperature rate of flow sensor (121) detects state of heat carrier, before sending it to the supply source. A controller (123) controls bypass flow regulating valve (119) and other valves (117a,117b) based on output of detector.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A sending side temperature rate of flow sensor (113) is positioned between a pump (111) and sending side heater (115), which detects the sending state of the heat carrier. Quantity regulation valves (117a,117b) is provided at unification unit, which soils the branched root and guides heat carrier to exhaust heat supply source. The heater is directly coupled to the unification unit.    USE -   For exhaust heat utilisation system in co-generator ring fuel battery or IC engine.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces maintenance burden, since pump and circulation paths are made simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of the exhaust distributor. (111) Pump; (113) Flow sensor; (115) Heater; (117a,117b) Valves; (119) Flow regulating valve; (121) Flow sensor; (123) Controller.
NOVELTY - The raw gas feed zone (1) has hydrogen gas containing carbon monoxide. The catalyst reaction part is provided with a specific ceramic base material and ruthenium catalyst. A mixer is provided for mixing the oxygen gas and raw gas, supplied from their respective feed zones. CO is selectively removed from the mixed gas by the removing unit, after passing it through the catalyst reaction part.     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The raw gas feed zone (1) contains H2gas containing CO. The catalyst reaction part is provided with a ceramic base material containing mordenite or hydrophobic zeolite with platinum group catalyst (3), preferably ruthenium. A mixer is provided for mixing the oxygen gas and raw gas supplied from their respective feed zones. CO is selectively removed from the mixed gas by the removing unit after passing it through the catalyst reaction part.    USE -   For removing carbon monoxide from the fuel of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Concentrations of carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon components such as natural gas and methanol, naphtha component are reduced and removed selectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional view of a hydrogen gas supply apparatus. (1) Gas feed zone;; (2) Catalytic reaction part;; (3) Catalyst.
NOVELTY - Flow rate of the fuel introduced in a catalyst layer, temperature of the catalyst layer and waste gas heated by a burner are measured. Temperature of the waste gas set to a standard valve is computed from flow rate of fuel and temperature of catalyst layer, which is controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuels such as natural gas and air introduced in a catalyst layer are coated in a burner flow rate of the fuel, temperature of the waste gas and catalyst layer are measured. Temperature of the waste gas set as a standard value is computed from flow rate of fuel and temperature of catalyst layer.    USE -   For fuel battery modifiers.    ADVANTAGE -   Heating gas with high concentration of hydrogen is produced. Temperature changes are detected quickly when a rapid fluctuation in load is visualized. Temperature of the catalyst layer is controlled effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of the modifier for fuel batteries. (2a) Catalyst layer;; (2b) Burner;; (3) Field fuel flow element.
NOVELTY - Aspergillus.species of strain KSC 1004 or fuzarium.species of strain KSC 1005 is added to the processing liquid containing at least carbon, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur and this processing liquid is supplied to the charcoal material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the microorganisms used in the dephosphorisation process.    USE -   For charcoal used as silicon raw material in manufacture of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The dephosphorisation rate is highly increased and the process can be performed under mild conditions. The amount of slag and waste generated by the process is sharply reduced.
NOVELTY - A diffusion electrode (1) has a reaction layer (2) with fine metal particles of diameter 600 nm or less, moisture repellent carbon black of diameter 80 nm or less and polytetrafluoroethylene particles of diameter 300 nm or less, in amount of 20-45% by volume ratio.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas supply layer (3) of an electrode has PTFE particles of diameter 300 nm or less and moisture repellent carbon black of diameter 80 nm or less in amount of 30-45% by volume ratio.    USE -   For fuel battery and for use during brine electrolysis as cathode.    ADVANTAGE -   Bonding of gas supply layer and reaction layer is improved due to usage of carbon black.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the gas diffusion electrode. (1) Gas diffusion electrode; (2) Reaction layer; (3) Gas supply layer.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell functional layer is produced by entraining electrode material, immediately after pulverizing, in a gas stream which is then diverted to deposit the particles on a carrier web.    USE - For forming a functional layer, especially a reaction layer or possibly a gas diffusion layer, for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes agglomeration of the particles and produces extremely rapid particle deposition on the carrier web as a powder layer which does not detach or shift on handling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell functional layers are produced by pulverizing electrode material to form fine dry particles which are immediately entrained in and accelerated by a gas stream, the gas stream then being diverted for separation and deposition of the particles on a carrier web.    PREFERRED FEATURES:- The carrier web is a fuel cell membrane. The electrode material comprises a reaction layer forming material (especially a catalyst, catalyst support and a waterproofing medium) or a gas diffusion layer forming material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partially perspective, partially cross-sectional view of equipment for depositing electrode material.    Powder particles (P)    Membrane (10)    Reaction layer (14b)    Powder deposition unit (32)    Pulverizing unit (34)    Venturi nozzle (50)    Carrier gas stream (56)    Powder-laden gas stream (66)
NOVELTY - A high-efficiency solar cell comprises many stacked semiconductor p-n junctions (14,16,18) in epitaxial semiconductor layers of different composition, each pair of junctions being separated by an epitaxial semiconductor tunnel junction (22,24,26). One junction is in an indium gallium arsenide nitride alloy.    USE - As high-efficiency solar cells for commercial and military space satellite power systems    ADVANTAGE - Super-bandgap energy loss is reduced, equal currents are formed in each homojunction and a conversion efficiency of 40% is achieved saving solar panel area and weight.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a cell as above in which p-n junctions comprise layers of InGaAsN, GaAs and InGaAlP respectively with tunnel junctions between them; and (b) an epitaxial growth method of forming the cells above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A diagram of the cell is shown.    P-n junctions (14,16,18)    Tunnel junctions (22,24,26)
NOVELTY - An oxygen electrode is formed on one surface of a rectangular flat plate-like solid electrolyte that has dents and protuberances formed on nearly the whole of both its surfaces. A generating membrane having a fuel electrode is formed on the other surface. Electrical energy is produced by reacting an oxidizing agent gas with a fuel gas electrochemically through the generating membrane.    USE - Solid electrolyte fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Interconnectors sandwich the generating membrane, and sealing members surround the four sides of the generating membrane.    A fuel gas introduction port (45) is formed over nearly the whole length of one side among the four sides of the cell on the fuel electrode side, a fuel gas exhaust port is formed on the opposing side over nearly the whole of its length, an air introduction port (43a) is formed on either of the other two sides over a length of about half the length on the fuel gas introduction port side, and an air discharge port (44a) is formed on the side opposing the air introduction port over a length of about half the side at a position close to the fuel gas exhaust port.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Discharged air (A)    Fuel gas (B)    Air (C)    Fuel waste gas (D)    Interconnector (1)    Generating membranes (2a, 2b)    Sealing member (3)    Stack (12)
NOVELTY - A nanocomposite of magnesium and a low miscibility hydrogen absorbent compound is prepared by intensive grinding of a mixture of hydrided magnesium (or magnesium compound) and the hydrogen absorbent component or its hydride.    USE - The nanocomposite is used for hydrogen storage and transport (claimed), especially on board vehicles, in metal hydride batteries or for supplying a generator or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The resulting nanocomposite has low cost, high hydrogen storage efficiency due to its very fine microstructure and exhibits excellent synergy between magnesium and the other component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of a nanocomposite, based on magnesium and one or more hydrogen absorbent elements or compounds with low miscibility with magnesium or its hydride on grinding, comprises hydriding magnesium or a magnesium compound to form a hydride powder, mixing the powder with the other elements or compounds or their hydride, intensively grinding the mixture to obtain the nanocomposite in hydride form and optionally desorbing hydrogen from the nanocomposite. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a nanocomposite which has been produced by the above process and which has a very fine microstructure with activated interfaces.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows curves of the initial hydrogen absorption rates, measured at different temperatures but at the same pressure (150 psi), for a nanocomposite prepared by 20 hr. intense grinding and then desorption of a commercial polycrystalline powder of MgH2 with 5 V% powder.
NOVELTY - Moist wired hydrocarbon gas (2) is supplied to chamber (12) has modification catalyst (3). Anode waste gas (11) from fuel battery (20) is supplied to transparent chamber (16) which is below modification catalyst chamber. Hydrogen permeation film (16a) is provided between transparent and modification catalyst chambers. Hydrogen gas from transparent chamber and gas from modification catalyst chamber mix together and are supplied to anode of fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A combustion chamber (14) above modification catalyst chamber burns the air (7) by heating gases (1) from a thermally conductive thin plate (14a) separates the combustion chamber and modification catalyst chamber. The rate of flow of anode waste gas supply to transparent chamber is set such that partial pressure of hydrogen in modification catalyst chamber is always higher than that of transparent chamber. The outlet of modification catalyst is provided with orifice (18). The gases coming from transparent chamber and modification catalyst chamber are combined due to differences in their pressures.    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The increase of the operating temperature of modifier is restricted effectively. A high efficiency of battery is obtained from this type of reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen gas reformer. (1) Heating gas; (2) Hydrocarbon gas; (3) Modification catalyst; (7) Air; (11) Anode waste gas; (12) Modification catalyst chamber; (14) Combustion chamber; (14a) Thin plates; (16) Transparent chamber; (16a) Hydrogen permeation film; (18) Orifice; (20) Fuel battery.
NOVELTY - The separator module (14) is provided with several slots (14b) in grating formation opposing the electrode. The gas inflow opening (14c) and slots are configured such that the angle between them satisfies a preset relation involving water pressure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A pair of electrodes support an electrolyte film. A pair of separators contact the electrodes such that a supply gas passageway (14a) is formed. The supply gas includes a humidifier which provides a preset water vapor pressure. The maximum current density value lies below 1.0 A/cm2. The rate of flow of supply gas is greater than 0.4 m/sec.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since grating like slot formation is configured relative to gas inflow opening with a present angular orientation, moisture content in electrolyte film is optimum and energy conversion efficiency is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front elevation of separator. (14) Separator module; (14a) Gas passageway; (14b) Slots; (14c) Gas inflow opening.
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte consists of an ionic polymer complex obtained by the reaction of a solid electrolyte (having two or more cationic end groups) and a polyhalide compound.    USE -   For fuel batteries, lithium batteries etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrochemical reaction in the battery, can be quickly promoted using the electrolyte. The mobility of the cation is remarkably improved and ionic conductivity is enhanced. The cation transport number is also increased.
NOVELTY - A material for a porous base tube (1) of a fuel cell battery comprises a mixture of at least two of the oxides of Ca, Zr, Ni, Mg, Sr, Ti and Ba.    USE - As a porous base tube (base material portion) for a fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The base tubes permit fuel cells to operate in heat cycles entailing rapid temperature changes without any significant reduction in output; cracks and leakage are also avoided. The selection of the air-side electrode can be broadened, the potential increased and costs reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section of a base tube of a solid electrolyte fuel cell.    Base tube (1)
NOVELTY - Membranes contain a sulfonated aromatic polyetheretherketone (sPEEK) of formula (I) having an ion exchange equivalent of 1.35-1.95 mmol -SO3H/g polymer. The membrane, at an operating voltage of 0.4-1.1 V, has a long-term stability of at least 1000 h. x + y = 1.    USE - As membranes in fuel cells and electrolysis cells.    ADVANTAGE - Membranes made from sPEEK polymers having chemical and physical properties within the claimed limits give problem-free service times of at least 1000 hours, especially at least 3000 hours and particularly at least 4000 hours in fuel cells and electrolysis cells, without using a perfluorinated material as required previously.
NOVELTY - A pneumatic gasket system for sealing an electrolytic cell has inner (80) and outer (40) elongated elastomeric strip elements with the inner gasket having an inflatable, hollow and flexible laminated tube element (81) with different inner and outer laminate members.    USE - For electrolytic cells, especially chloro-alkali diaphragm cells for the production of chlorine and chloro-chemicals, NaOH, KOH, electrolysis of water or Na2CO3, destruction of organic pollutants or regeneration of catalytic intermediates (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Sealing between the cell top or bottom and the walled enclosure is improved and the sealing can achieve the long operating life of the cell elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrode assembly in an electrolytic cell is contained in a gasketed enclosure comprising a pneumatic gasket system sealing an outer wall and comprising an elongated elastomeric strip having an inflatable, hollow and flexible laminated tube (81) with different inner and outer laminate members forming an inner gasket (80). An outer gasket member (40) comprises a solid, thick elongated elastomeric strip co-extensive with the inner member.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the gasket system above in which the outer gasket has a flange and elongated ribs on both surfaces.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A side elevation of the cell is shown.    Outer gasket member (40)    Inner gasket member (80)    Inflatable tube element (81)
NOVELTY - The method comprises forming a silicon dioxide layer on the surface of a silicon solar cell, and depositing a layer of aluminum on the silicon dioxide layer. The layers are annealed, the layer of aluminum is removed, and a layer of titanium dioxide is formed on the silicon dioxide layer.    USE - Fabrication of an improved anti-reflective surface passivation for a silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The use of titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide layers as a composite anti-reflection and passivation layer maintains the reflection of impinging ultraviolet light while increasing the efficiency in passing the desired portion of the solar light spectrum.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the process of the invention.
NOVELTY - Transparent electrode layers (2a,2b) are formed on the glass substrate (1) by a patterning method which does not use laser i.e photo etching or a lift-off process. Photoelectric conversion layers (3a,3b) and back side electrode layers (4a,4b) are formed on the transparent electrode layer by a patterning method which uses laser.    USE -   For use in solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates generation of crack in glass substrate during heat processing. As the generation of crack is eliminated during actual usage of solar battery, the reliability and mechanical strength are increased. The production yield is improved and cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents model sectional view of solar battery during manufacturing processes. (1) Glass substrate; (2a,2b) Transparent electrode layers; (3a,3b) Photo-electric conversion layers; (4a,4b) Back side electrode layers.
NOVELTY - A carbon film (2) coated on the surface of substrate (1), acts as a backside electrode. The electrode is formed by hardening the carbon film consisting of carbon black and binder or carbon black and dispersoid of graphite.    USE -   In CIS group compound-semiconductor solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves economical efficiency as film forming cost is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents the cross sectional view of compound semiconductor solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Carbon film.
NOVELTY - An antimony dispersion polycrystal silicon layer (3) is formed on a substrate (1) via an impurity diffusion prevention layer (2). A polycrystalline silicon semiconductor layer (4) formed on silicon layer, has NP or NIP synizesis.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Suppresses impurity diffusion from substrate, since impurity prevention layer is used. Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows sectional view explaining manufacturing method of solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Impurity diffusion prevention layer; (3) Sb dispersion polycrystal Si layer; (4) Polycrystalline silicon semiconductor layer.
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline Si semiconductor layer (4) which has PN or PIN synizesis is grown on the Al dispersion polycrystal silicon layer (3) which is formed on the substrate (1) at 400-900 C. An impurity prevention layer (2) is formed between substrate (1) and Al dispersion polycrystal Si layer (3).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polycrystalline Si thin film manufacture.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Cost is reduced as the impurity diffusion prevention layer is not needed at low temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of polycrystalline Si thin film manufacturing method for solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Impurity prevention layer; (3) Si layer; (4) Si semiconductor layer.
NOVELTY - A p-type In1-xGaxP layer is laminated to one surface of an n-type GaAs emitter layer (5) on whose other surface, a window layer (6) which suppresses recombination in emitter layer surface, is formed. Another window layer (7) which forms the potential barrier opposing the minority carrier is formed on p-type yIn(AlxGa1-x)1-yP layer laminated to the window layer (6).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composition ratio of x in the In1-xGaxP layer is set in the range of 0.50-0.53. The composition ratio of x and y in the yIn(AlxGa1-x)1-yP layer is set in the range of 0.7-1 and 0.50-0.53, respectively.    USE -   In GaAs solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   As quantum efficiency is improved, good quality solar battery is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure represents sectional view of the structure of GaAs solar battery. (5) GaAs emitter layer; (6,7) Window layers.
NOVELTY - A steel plate which reflects 60% or more of the visible light is used as a substrate. An oxide group insulation film is formed on the surface of the substrate by the sol-gel method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The plating layer which is coated on the surface of the steel plate contains one or combinations of metals, such as Zn, Al, Mg and Si.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   As the oxide group insulation film is formed on the surface of the substrate, excellent heat and moisture resistance characteristics are obtained. Eliminates generation of gas at the time of deposition of amorphous silicon. The plating steel plate has large visible light reflecting characteristic as it has minute roughness and waviness. The substrate contributes for high photoelectric conversion efficiency in solar battery as pinhole defects are reduced and the insulation resistance of thin film are increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure represents insulation membrane on plating steel plate surface, insulation membrane with waviness and insulated powder distributed on its surface.
NOVELTY - Heat output during generation of electricity from water is used to ferment organic waste and produce methane which is used to generate electricity.    USE -   Used for processing organic waste obtained from food industry and fishing industry for power generation.    ADVANTAGE -    The by-products CO2 and H2O can be utilized for recycling during waste fermentation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic block diagram of apparatus used for electricity generation from waste.
NOVELTY - A junction ring (12) provided with nickel coating projects from a flange (10F). Metallic layer comprising Mo-Mn is formed on an alumina ring (11) where the junction ring contacts. At the junction of the rings, soldering (30) is performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electric insulator pipe coupling.    USE -   In gas piping in high temperature atmosphere in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By using insulated flange, compressive stress is always applied to alumina ring under 1100C. Favourable seal property is maintained even under 700-800C during running of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of insulated coupling. (10F) Flange; (11) Alumina ring; (12) Junction ring; (30) Soldering.
NOVELTY - The sealing material consists of a fluoropolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride. The sealing material which has a specific melting point seals the output circuit to which solar battery cells (2) are connected. The solar battery cells are accommodated in the solar battery module (SM) which generates photoelectricity.    USE -   For solar battery module. Used as building materials for roof, walls.    ADVANTAGE -   The dependability, weather-resistance and fire- resistance of the solar battery module is enhanced. The sealing material excels in water-proofness, transparency, workability, weather resistance, resistance to contamination, acid and alkali resistance, flexibility, adhesive property, and fire resistance. A stable electricity output is maintained for longer period of time. Manufacture of solar battery module is easy and quick.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows vertical sectional drawing of solar battery module and a graph describing composition ratio of fluoropolymer used for sealing. (2) Solar battery; (SM) Solar battery module.
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell (2) has two plate-like components (4, 6) joined together by a glass-solder layer (22) which partially fills channel recesses (14, 16) in the component joint faces (12, 20).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The channel recesses provide reservoirs of glass-solder to replace any glass-solder expelled from the joint by differential pressure so that the fuel cell has a life at least ten times longer than conventional fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a stack of the above high temperature fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a section of a high temperature fuel cell.    High temperature fuel cell (2)    Plate-like components (4, 6)    Joint region (8)    Joint (10)    Joint surfaces (12, 20)    Channel recesses (14, 16)    Glass-solder layer (22)    Spacer (24)
NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of manufacturing the tile by laminating an assembly of the front support layer, encapsulant layer, solar cells, and back skin layer using heat and pressure and embedding a connector and an electrical lead in the back of the back skin layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a solar cell roof tile.    Frame and back skin layer (107,108b)    Interconnected solar cells (110)    Stand-offs (121)
NOVELTY - The separator comprises a stainless steel substrate S having carbon particles, such as graphite powder GP and an aggregate CA of a carbon black, dispersed and press-bonded to the surface of the substrate in an island form.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Contact resistance is low because carbon powder having high conductivity is dispersed in the surface of the stainless steel substrate S having high oxidation resistance, and the occurrence of Joule heat which would otherwise result in a heat loss can be suppressed, even when a large number of cells are stacked.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carbon particles are preferably bonded to the surface of the substrate S through a diffusion layer DL. The carbon particles may be dispersed in a plating layer, or a film component may be thermally decomposed after the carbon particles are dispersed in the film.
NOVELTY - The blind (1) is provided with a luminous material (77) on one side.    USE -   For shadings of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Energy conservation and environment preservation are attained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents sectional view of blind. (1) Blind; (77) Luminous material.
NOVELTY - Slag or slag derivative is made to react with sulphuric acid to precipitate gypsum which is then separated by solid-liquid isolation method. The concentration of separated liquid is increased to 1N or more and amorphous silica is made to precipitate. The amorphous silica separated by solid-liquid isolation method, is subsequently cleaned with pure mineral water to obtain 1000 ppm or less dried amorphous silica containing 0.5 ppm or less of boron and phosphorus as impurities.    USE -   As silicon raw material for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Highly pure silica with less content of boron and phosphorus is efficiently manufactured by simple process. Gypsum obtained as by-product in the process, is used as construction material.
NOVELTY - Silicon is melted in an inert gas atmosphere under reduced pressure and the molten silicon is contacted with one end of a linear convergence unit (3). Molten silicon is then permeated into the linear convergence object.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Silicon is obtained in large quantities inexpensively. The production cost of the silicon solar battery is minimised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the conceptual diagram of the smelter. (3) Linear convergence unit.
NOVELTY - The crucible has an inner silica layer (2) of 99.9% purity and outer silica layer (3) whose purity is less than 99.9%. The crucible is either rectangular parallelepiped or crucible shaped. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the crucible manufacturing method. A wax pattern with the desired shape and size of the crucible is dipped into a slurry of fused silica with 99.9% purity. The pure silica forms a layer on the wax pattern after which sand is sprinkled to form a layer above it. The wax pattern with high purity silica layer is dipped into a silica slurry of purity less than 99.9%. After the less pure silica layer is formed, sand is again sprinkled to form a stucco layer. After all the layers are sequentially formed, the wax is melted to obtain the crucible. The process of forming the silica layer is repeated to obtain thickness.    USE -   For silicon melting which is used for battery silicon substrate for solar power.    ADVANTAGE -   Low manufacturing cost is achieved as silica is used. Mass production is superior in this crucible which does not get damaged easily. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of the crucible structure. (2) High purity silica layer; (3) Low purity silica layer.
NOVELTY - An organic metal compound or a metal compound (2) is applied on heat resistant substrate (1). The coated surface of the substrate opposes the substrate (4) for film formation. The substrate (1) is heated and the compound vaporises. The substrate (4) is heated by a heater (5) which thermolysed the vaporised compound to form a metal oxide film (3) on substrate (4).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery. A n-type semiconductor film which contains cadmium sulphide on a transparent electrically conductive film which is formed on a permeable insulated substrate. A p-type semiconductor layer which contains cadmium telluride as optical absorption layer is formed on n-type semiconductor film. A collector formed on p-type semiconductor layer is electrically connected to a positive lateral electrode. A negative lateral electrode is electrically connected to n- type semiconductor layer.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The metal oxide film was formed uniformly, and offer large weather resistance area, hence the efficient solar battery is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The diagram shows the sectional drawing of the metal oxide film. (1) Heat resistant substrate; (2) Organic metal compound; (3) Metal oxide film; (4) Substrate for film formation; (5) Heater.
NOVELTY - A complex oxide of a base metal such as copper containing platinum group metal and rare earth metal is dispersed in activated alumina and coated on the surface of a ceramic integrated carrier, to form the catalyst which selectively oxidizes carbon-monoxide (CO) in hydrogen gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Manufacture of oxidation catalyst which involves hydrothermal reaction of a carbonate with the intermediate formation of bicarbonate compound. (ii) method of removing CO from mixed gas containing hydrogen as the principal component and also oxygen and CO. CO is selectively converted to carbon dioxide (CO2), which is separated from the gaseous mixture.    USE -   For fuel battery used as electric power generator, car battery system etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The reduction of the complex metal oxide in a catalyst to its metals is prevented. The amount of oxygen necessary for CO oxidation is supplied and the concentration of CO is monitored thereby selective oxidation of CO is performed. Time-dependent deterioration of the catalyst is reduced.
NOVELTY - A carbon board acts as the substrate (1) for the compound semiconductor solar batteries. An electric insulating film (2) consisting of a ceramic thin film is provided over the carbon board.    USE -   For compound semiconductor solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   Has large optical absorption coefficient. Has thermal shock resistance, thermal conductivity and surface workability. Heat dissipation property is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2) Electric insulating film.
NOVELTY - Fuel battery (5) has a hydrogen absorbing alloy tank (3) formed from hydrogen absorbing alloy (2). The polarity of DC electric power supplied from a battery (6) to a thermoelectric module (4) formed from a thermoelectric semiconductor material, is changed by a polarity changing switch (7).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel battery operating method.    USE -   In fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves operation efficiency by reducing power consumption. Enables to occlude hydrogen easily in hydrogen absorbing alloy tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the composition of fuel battery. (2) Absorbing alloy; (3) Alloy tank; (4) Thermoelectric module; (5) Fuel battery; (6) Battery; (7) Changing switch.
NOVELTY - The modifier (10) consists of a high pressure high temperature reactor (10b). The reactor performs partial combustion of a raw material gas (2) containing water vapor to obtain a modified gas (4) containing hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel battery installation. The installation consists of a plate modifier (12) containing two chambers (Re,H). A combustor (14) which supplies combustion gas to the heat chamber (H) is connected to the flat modifier. The modified gas is supplied to the plate modifier where the residual raw material gas is also modified.    USE -   For fuel battery installation.    ADVANTAGE -   Operating temperature of the plate modifier is maintained. Modifying efficiency of the raw material gas is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the entire block diagram of a fuel battery installation equipped with modifier. (2) Raw material gas; (4) Modified gas; (10) Modifier; (10b) Reactor; (12) Plate modifier; (14) Combustor.
NOVELTY - The exhaust gas from air pole side is supplied to a nitrogen PSA device (38) to obtain oxygen and nitrogen. The residual gas from fuel pole side is given to oxygen PSA device (40) to obtain carbon dioxide and unreacted fuel. The remaining fuel obtained from oxygen PSA unit is burnt and argon gas product is obtained. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Modified gas generator from hydrocarbon raw material and oxygen are supplied to a battery (32) and electric power is generated.    USE -   Carbon dioxide collection in fuel battery electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   Release of carbon dioxide in atmosphere air is reduced and useful by-products such as nitrogen gas and argon gas are produced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows process flow of battery electricity generation system. (32) Battery; (38,40) PSA device.
NOVELTY - The battery case has fuel gas cylinder (1) and battery main unit (3) which generates electricity in response to the supply of heating gas and oxidizing agent. Gas is fed to the main unit by pipeline and amount of supply of gas is controlled by automatic decompression valve (47).    USE -   For power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Electricity generation from fuel battery is a stable process even if the heating gas and oxidizing agent does not humidify.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the inner parts of solid polymer fuel battery. (1) Fuel gas cylinder; (3) Battery main unit; (47) Decompression valve.
NOVELTY - A common spillway (26) is arranged at downstream of a module (24) and waste water and gas that flows out of fuel chamber and oxidizing chamber drains through it and extends to hole (30). A drain hole (34) is formed in downstream end of module as extension of the hole (30) such that module is always in the upstream side of the drain holes even during inclined state of module.    USE -   For solid polymeric fuel battery to drain waste water and gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Since draining and wastage is complete, reduction in electricity generation accompanied by accumulation of waste fluid in common spillway is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross sectional view of drainage structure in inclined state of module. (24) Module; (26) Spillway; (30) Hole; (34) Drain hole.
NOVELTY - The lamination of several unit cells (18) constitutes unit cell assembly (26) between which a humidification chamber (28) is provided. Heating gas is humidified in humidification chamber by supplying cooling water. The humidified heating gas is supplied to the unit cell and to each fuel chamber (20) through fuel flow path (40) from humidification chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte film in the unit cell has cathode and anode on its either sides. Several laminated unit cell (24) comprising unit cell (18) is provided with fuel chamber (20) to which heating gas is circulated in anode side and oxidizing agent chamber (22) to which oxidizing agent gas circulates to cathode side. A solid polymer electrolyte film is humidified using a cooling water in order to cool cell (18).    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the humidified heating gas is supplied to each fuel chamber through fuel flow path, humidification chamber provided to each single cell is prevented, thereby size of solid polymeric fuel battery is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross sectional model figure of solid polymeric fuel battery. (18) Cells; (20) Fuel chamber; (22) Oxidizing agent chamber; (24,26) Unit cells; (28) Humidification chamber; (40) Fuel flow path.
NOVELTY - A fuel pole (12), an electrolyte (13), an air pole (15) and an interconnector (14) are sequentially formed on a base material (11) and are finally baked.    USE -   For manufacturing cylindrical or flat type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Manufacturing time of the battery is reduced, since the entire arrangement is baked only after sequential film forming.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional diagram of the solid electrolyte fuel battery. (11) Base material; (12) Fuel pole; (13) Electrolyte; (14) Interconnector; (15) Air pole.
NOVELTY - A gas diffusion anode has a catalyst of platinum and rhenium. The ratio of rhenium to other metal in the catalyst in 1-80 atm%.    USE -   For power supply in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   As rhenium and platinum are used as catalyst, poisoning by carbon monoxide in solid polymeric fuel battery and methyl oxide in methanol fuel battery are prevented.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for steam reforming hydrocarbons has catalytic burners to quickly achieve normal operating conditions in a vehicle fuel cell system on cold starting.    USE - For steam reforming hydrocarbons, e.g. methanol, for forming hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Normal operating conditions in a vehicle fuel cell system on cold starting can be quickly achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for carrying out the steam reforming comprises:    (a) a vaporizer (2);    (b) a pre-reformer unit connected to the vaporizer and having pre-reformer stages (3, 4);    (c) a main reformer (5) connected to the pre-reformer unit;    (d) a CO removal unit connected to the main reformer and having a CO-shift stage (6) and/or a CO oxidation stage and at least a catalytic burner unit (15, 16); and    (e) a first catalytic burner (15) is in heat contact with a vaporizer (2) and a second catalytic burner unit (16) with the main reformer (5) via a heat-conducting separating medium (18, 19).    The exit to the CO removal unit (6, 7) is directly connected to the entrance to one of the catalytic burners (15, 16). At least one of the pre-reformer stages is in heat contact with the CO-shift stage (6) or the CO oxidation stage (7) via a heat-conducting separating medium (20, 21).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon using the above apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of an apparatus for steam reforming a hydrocarbon.    vaporizer (2)    pre-reformer stages (3, 4)    main reformer (5)    CO-shift stage (6)    CO oxidation stage (7)    switching valve (11)    fuel cell system (12)
NOVELTY - Steam reformer comprises a plate stacking or tubular bundle type reactor unit containing a vaporizer (1), prereformer (2, 3), main reformer (4), CO remover (5, 6) and catalytic burner (7, 8). The prereformer is in direct heat contact with one of the vaporizer and the main reformer with the catalytic burner and the other with the CO remover via a heat-conducting separating agent.    USE - For the steam reforming of methanol to recover hydrogen for fuel cells of a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is compact and can be easily inserted into vehicles operating using fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic longitudinal section through the reactor unit of the reformer.    vaporizer (1)    pre-reformer (2, 3)    main reformer (4)    CO remover (5, 6)    catalytic burner (7, 8)
NOVELTY - High field-effect mobilities and high on-off ratios are achieved in semiconductor devices that contain an organic material as the active layer by using an ordered film of a substituted phthalocyanine coordination compound to form the layer.    USE - As thin-film transistors such as n-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The compounds used in the devices are n-type semiconductors that do not degrade substantially over time in air; they demonstrate higher field-effect mobilities at lower conductivities than amorphous, doped phthalocyanine; thin film devices made from them have on/off ratio of at least 103.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A semiconductor device consists of a substrate with electrical contacts over which is applied a substituted phthalocyanine coordination compound of formula (I):    X = Cu, Fe, Zn;    R = electron-withdrawing substituent; at least one R substituent is present in at least one six-membered ring.
NOVELTY - A porous solid polymer electrolyte-catalyst composite comprises catalyst particles and electron-conductive material supported on a proton-conductive region in a polymer electrolyte    USE - As an electrode for high-performance fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The electrode internal resistance is decreased and catalyst utilization is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) an electrode for a fuel cell as above in which the catalyst is supported on carbon particles in contact with a proton-conductive passage in the electrolyte;    (b) a process for making the composite electrode above comprising adsorbing a catalyst precursor into the electrolyte in the electrode parent body and reducing it so that the catalyst is deposited into the solid electrolyte; and    (c) a process for preparing an electrode for a fuel cell as above in which the catalyst precursor is adsorbed into a mixture of carbon and electrolyte and chemically reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The improved performance of the invented electrode (square points) is shown.
NOVELTY - The combustor is fueled by the fuel and the anode effluent and comprises a housing having an input end adapted to receive the fuel and the anode effluent, an exhaust end emitting hot combustor gas to the reformer, and a catalyst bed intermediate the input and exhaust ends for burning the fuel/anode effluent to generate the combustor exhaust gas.    USE - An improved catalytic combustor for a fuel cell system, the system comprising essentially a stack of H2-O2 fuel cells discharging a H2-containing anode effluent and an O2-containing cathode effluent, a reformer for converting hydrogen-containing fuel selected from alcohols and hydrocarbons to hydrogen for fueling the cells, and a combustor for heating the reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The combustor may be fueled with unreformed liquid fuel, hydrogen-containing anode exhaust gas, or both at different times in its operating cycle depending on the electrical demand placed on the system.
NOVELTY - A coating liquid containing metal alkoxide or metal salt is applied over a transparent substrate, followed by drying and ultraviolet irradiation of the dried film.    USE -   For electrodes of LCD, touch panel sensor, solar battery, etc..    ADVANTAGE -   Transparent electrically conductive film of low specific resistance and high visualisation light transmittance is formed at low temperature and in a short time.
NOVELTY - The material consists of an oxidation film containing chromium oxide, alumina and titania.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of the corrosion-proof material.    USE -   Used for carbonate type fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Corrosion resistance and conductivity of the material are enhanced.
NOVELTY - A fuel supply pump (P1 ) and water vapor supply pump (P2) uses the heat generated by partial oxidation reaction as heat source and forms hydrogen rich modified gas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus consists of a partial oxidation part with an oxidation reaction layer which oxidises the fuel partially and a modified part with a modification catalyst layer (100). The catalyst layer performs the water vapor modification reaction of fuel with respect to supply of water vapor and forms hydrogen rich modified gas. The fuel is heated and is supplied to the oxidation part through the fuel supply pump and forms water vapor which is then supplied to modified part through the water vapor supply pump. The fuel supply pump and water vapor supply pump uses the heat generated by partial oxidation reaction as heat source. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of hydrogen, which involves reacting fuel and oxygen by partial oxidation reaction. Then, water vapor modification reaction of fuel is carried out below 500 C using the combustion heat generated by partial oxidation reaction to form hydrogen rich modified gas. Finally, the carbon monoxide in modified gas reacts with the remaining oxygen of modified gas and is oxidised selectively.    USE -   Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for e.g. fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -    Heating of fuel and formation of water vapor are effectively performed in the apparatus using the heat generated by partial oxidation reaction. Therefore, the usage of heat exchanger or boiler is eliminated, and a compact apparatus is offered. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional drawing of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. (100) Modification catalyst layer; (P1 ) Fuel supply pump; (P2) Water supply pump.
NOVELTY - A dense air resistant film (24) held over the porous sealings (2,4) of the holes (1,3) in honey comb structure (21) of base material (9), extends to the internal surface of the holes on any one side. The base material which has honey comb structure is provided with the holes on both sides (9a,9b).    USE -   For holding air resistant fine film such as hydrogen or oxygen ion conduction films on porous base materials.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents peeling of surface film from its base by airtight nature. Increases area of exposure of the film. Facilitates use of thin base material, while maintaining strength of the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a cross-sectional view of the film. (1,3) Holes; (2,4) Porous sealings; (9) Base material; (9a,9b) Two sides of base material; (21) Honey comb structure; (24) Air resistant film.
NOVELTY - A catalyst for generating H2 from a gaseous mixture of (CH3)2O and steam or carbon dioxide contains Cu, Fe, Co, Pd, Ir, Pt, Rh or Ni as the active component.    USE - The catalyst is used for preparing fuel cells, for power generating and for producing reduced iron from iron ore.    ADVANTAGE - The method for producing a synthetic gas or hydrogen exhibits a high production yield at low temperatures.
NOVELTY - The haze of a tin oxide coating is reduced by forming a coating of a metal oxide precursor and heating it to form the metal oxide. The solid state coating can conducting, semiconducting, or insulating to meet a particular application. The reduction is not achieved by forming the same composition coating by a vacuum deposition method.    USE - Fabrication of transparent tin oxide conductive films on glass for solar cells, electrochromic devices, display panels etc.    ADVANTAGE - The reduced haze and good optical quality allows the use of the coatings in electrochromic devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (1) Method for reducing the haze in a conductive tin oxide film on a substrate comprising: (a) Providing a substrate with a conductive tin oxide coating on it with a sheet resistance at most 20 OMEGA / square. (b) Providing a solution of a metal peroxy acid ester metallic oxide precursor in a suitable carrier solvent. (c) Coating the tin oxide surface with the solution by a wet chemical deposition process to form a coating of desired thickness. (d) Removing the solvent and converting the precursor to a solid-state metal oxide over the tin oxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIM - Also included (2) is the method as (1) in which the metallic oxide precursor is selected to form an electrochemically active metal oxide film over the tin oxide, which has (3) a sheet resistance at most 20 OMEGA / square. Also (4) the method as (1 - 3) in which the metal precursor is selected to give a film of tin oxide, doped tin oxide, indium oxide, or indium tin oxide. Also (5) the method in which the wet chemical deposition process is dip coating, spin coating, spray deposition, or casting.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the reduction in surface roughness of a tin oxide film coated with tungsten oxide.
NOVELTY - A method for extracting and reclaiming metals from a mixture of scrap cadmium tellurium photovoltaic cells and manufacturing waste by treatment with nitric acid.    USE - Removing metals from thin film photovoltaic cells waste.    ADVANTAGE - Environmentally damaging metals are recovered in a cost efficient manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method involves (i) leaching the mixture with a nitric acid solution, (ii) precipitating cadmium and tellurium as a solid with a calcium base, (iii) roasting the solid at less than 500 degrees C., (iv) washing the solid with water, (v) evaporating the water to leave a residue and (vi) roasting the residue to obtain calcium oxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram.
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic cell is formed with one set of nip structures. The i-type semiconductor which is laminated along with n-type and p-type semiconductor consists of fine silicon crystal. The cell has impurity diffusion prevention layer between i-type and n-type semiconductor layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cell has n-type semiconductor layer consisting of non-monocrystal of silicon containing hydrogen along with p-type and i-type semiconductor layers which are laminated sequentially. An impurity diffusion prevention layer is provided between i-type and p-type semiconductor layers.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    USE -   For solar battery and sensor production.    ADVANTAGE -   The photoelectric conversion efficiency, light stability and environment-resistant property are high because of the impurity diffusion prevention layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional view of the photovoltaic cell.
NOVELTY - The structure includes n-type or p-type crystal layer (11) and beta iron silicide layer (12) which are formed on rear side of electrode (13).    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electricity generation efficiency of battery remarkably by controlling absorption edge of wavelengths and particle diameter of iron silicide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of electrode structure for solar battery. (11) Silicon crystal layer; (12) Iron silicide layer; (13) Electrode .
NOVELTY - A pigment is made to adsorb on the semiconductor element (2) by immersing it in an electrophilic or a hydrophobic solution containing the pigment which functions as a photosensitizer.    USE -   For photoelectric conversion material used in pigment sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Inhibition of pigment sorption resulting from the solution itself or the water contained in the solution is prevented. Enables adsorption of the pigment on semiconductor in sufficient quantity. Improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the material inexpensively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic sectional drawing of solar battery. (2) Semiconductor element.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen from fuels electrolytically reacts with oxygen in air, converting chemical energy to electrical energy. Waste gases are burnt and condensed to remove water. An additional condenser (5) is provided between the condenser and chimney (6). Water supplied to battery cooling module (13) via reservoir tank (15) is used for condensing water vapor in waste gas.    USE -   Fuel generating power from plant waste gas such as methanol.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents mixing of letting out gases with water vapor, hence avoids generation of white smoke. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of the condenser. (5) Condenser; (6) Chimney; (13) Battery cooling module; (15) Reservoir tank.
NOVELTY - The battery consists of electrolyte, an alkali carbonate held in electrolyte board (13) in which anode plate (11) and cathode plate (12) are placed one above the other. Several such units are placed in the battery with separator plates (14) in-between. The surfaces of the electrode plates are made rough and porous for permeability of reaction gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrode processing method for molten alkali carbonate fuel battery.    USE -   For molten alkali carbonate fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases adhesion of the electrode surfaces to electrolyte board by the roughness of the electrode surfaces. Improves stability and efficiency of the battery by ensuring completeness of reaction at the rough places in electrode plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic perspective diagram of the battery. (11) Anode plate; (12) Cathode plate; (13) Electrolyte board; (14) Separator plates.
NOVELTY - The composition includes sintered powder consisting of indium, tin and oxygen ground into granules of diameter 0.5 mm or less and having relative density of 90% or more. The ground granules are again sintered to pellets of size 0.5 mm or less and relative density 60-80 %.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for indium tin oxide (ITO) pellet manufacturing method.    USE -   For antistatic film, display electrode for flat panel display, and window material for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The pellet does not crack even when irradiated by a high power electron beam.
A hydrogen absorbing alloy particle (A), whose surface contains (Ce5Co19) type crystal structure phase (B). More than 50 vol. % of the volume between (A)'s surface in (1) and down to its 50 nm depth is occupied with (B) in (1). General formula of hydrogen absorbing alloy is expressed as (FG(x)), where (x) is 3.5-5 and the general formula of (B) is expressed as (F(5)G(19)), where (F) is at least one of La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Y, Sm, and Gd, and (G) is at least one of Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Al, V, Fe, In, Si, Ge, and Sn. (A) in (1)-(3) is produced by gas atomizing method.    USE -   Used for absorbing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   Owing to the existence of (Ce5Co19) type structured phase in their surface, this alloy particles quickly absorb or desorb hydrogen and these cycles can be carried out several times in a hour.
NOVELTY - Temperature detector detects temperature of compressor (103). Based on judgment result indicating whether detected temperature of the compressor exceeds or falls below the threshold value, a fan (105) is activated or stopped.    USE -   For controlling cooling of compressor in water purifier which purifies water from lakes, pond, dam, marshes, river, irrigation canal, ditch, canal, water tank.    ADVANTAGE -   The purification is efficient even when the electricity generated by solar battery is less. The damage generated in the solar battery can be restored quickly without requiring special detector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the circuit diagram of the water purifier. (103) Compressor; (105) Fan.
NOVELTY - Polyimide thin film (60) having thickness 1-10 mm is laminated on insulating film (18) formed from p-type electrode region (15) to n-type electrode region (14), and on second recess except at bonding surface of the electrodes.    USE - For light-emitting and light-receiving elements such as light-emitting diode, laser diode, solar battery, photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage due to development of crack on insulating film, by laminating it with polyimide film. Hence productive efficiency and reliability of device is improved and possibility of occurrence of a short circuit, is eliminated. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional view of nitride semiconductor light-emitting element. (14) N-type electrode; (15) P-type electrode; (18) Insulating film; (60) Polyimide thin film.
NOVELTY - The PN junction is isolated in the mask formation portion by doping the substrate. The electrode is formed on the substrate at which the PN junction is isolated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The SiO2 mask is formed on the substrate (11) by coating and hardening of the SiO2 sol-gel paste (12) to the PN junction isolation schedule portion. The sol-gel paste is coated by screen printing or dispenser nozzle.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces PN junction isolation cost. Reduces manufacturing cost of solar battery. Reduces recombination loss of optical generation carrier according to passivation effect of SiO2 film. Improves power generation efficiency of solar battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing and enlarged vertical sectional view of solar battery. (11) Substrate; (12) SiO2 sol-gel paste.
NOVELTY - Heat processing of silicon oxide film is performed at 150-600 C under 2-200 atmospheric pressure of water vapor or water.    USE -   For electronic device e.g. MOS transistor, solar battery used in various electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The characteristic of silicon oxide film is raised by simple heat treating process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of formation of silicon oxide film.
NOVELTY - A water sprinkler unit is provided in the reactor to cool the catalyst which catalyses the fuel mixture reaction. A water outlet for carrying away the sprinkled water to the exterior of the reactor is also provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel gas mixture in the reactor is made to react using a catalyst to generate a hot gas product. The hot gas is made to react electrochemically for converting heat energy to electrical energy.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (I) Catalyst oxidation apparatus: The catalyst is activated or regenerated by oxidizing it using air or oxygen. Water at predetermined temperature is sprinkled on the catalyst to cool it. Nitrogen is used as an inert gas to control the oxidation reaction of the catalyst. (II) Catalyst oxidation method.    USE -   For fuel battery power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE -   As the oxidation of catalyst is carried out effectively, safe operation is ensured. The process duration is reduced. The construction cost is also be reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel battery power generating plant.
NOVELTY - The water recovered from waste gas ejected by the fuel battery is condensed and stored in a water tank (10). A blower (12) supplies air to air pole (1c) of the fuel battery. A portion of air is injected to the water tank to remove carbon dioxide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel pole (1b) and an air pole (1c) are provided in fuel battery main casing (1). A modifier (3) reforms the fuel to generate modified gas for the fuel pole. A blower (12) supplies air to the air pole. The water present in waste gas ejected from fuel battery main casing is recovered by a condenser (8) and stored in a water tank (10). The water is circulated to the battery main casing through a purifier (11). The carbon dioxide present in condensed water is removed by supplying air via an injection hole (16) formed in the water tank.    USE -   Used for electric power generation using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -    Aids in efficient deaeration of CO2present in water recovered by condenser so undue strain on water purifier is reduced giving improved durability of ion exchange resin in water purifier. Running cost of power plant is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of fuel battery electrical power generating system. (1) Fuel battery main casing; (1b) Fuel pole; (1c) Air pole; (8) Condenser; (10) Water tank; (11) Purifier; (12) Blower; (16) Injection hole.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte board is formed by impregnating a porous object into a mixture of alkali carbonate, reinforcing material and a holding material. The holding material contains lithium aluminate and lithium aluminate.    USE -   For molten carbonate fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Internal resistance of electrolyte is increased. Generation of gas is suppressed. Durability is increased.
NOVELTY - The electrodic plates placed opposite to cathode and anode (12, 13) forms anodic and cathodic channels. The terminal end of channel walls of anodic channel is provided with hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas (HPy, HPs).    USE -   The solid polymer type fuel battery for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Stable electricity is generated. The water storing area helps in battery cooling of solid polymer occlusion on inlet and outlet channels are avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the 3D view of the solid polymer fuel battery. (12, 13) Cathode and anode; (HPy, HPs) Hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas.
NOVELTY - The anode collector board (9) and cathode collector board (10) are separated by a separator and connected via an interconnector (6). All the above are welded together by the laser welding using laser processing apparatus (32).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for laminated fuel battery manufacturing method.    USE -   In laminated fuel battery for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids need for using electrical insulator in the electrical contact surface. The internal resistance is suppressed to a minimum. Improves characteristics of fuel battery and hence improves life span. Facilitates to manufacture high quality lamination type fuel battery at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the connection structure of cathode and anode collector boards. (6) Interconnector; (9) Anode collector board; (10) Cathode collector board; (32) Laser processing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A method of making a fuel cell by fixing a polymer electrolyte film to a frame comprises causing the film to have a molar fraction of water of not more than four and bonding the film to the frame with an adhesive.    USE - In forming polymer electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive strength of the polymer electrolyte is enhanced thus increasing the reliability of gas sealing, even under conditions of large humidity change.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a method as above in which the adhesive has an elastic modulus of not more than 10 MPa or a durometer, a hardness of not more than 90 after cure; and (b) fuel cells comprising frame, polymer electrolyte film and adhesive as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A flow chart of the method is shown.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has gas diffusion layers (3) comprising electroconductive porous material and a fluororesin copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene so that water is retained and the cell can operate on unhumidified gas.    USE - As a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using pure hydrogen or hydrogen from fossil fuels    ADVANTAGE - Water is retained inside the assembly without hindering gas diffusion so that the PEFC can be operated using unhumidified gas    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (1) with positive and negative electrodes (4,5) on both sides, each comprising catalyst layers (2) and gas diffusion layers (3). Unhumidified air or oxygen is fed to the positive and unhumidified hydrogen or reformed gas is fed to the negative. At least one gas diffusion layer comprises electroconductive porous material and 16-55 wt% of fluororesin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A sketch of the fuel cell is shown.    polymer electrolyte membrane (1)    gas diffusion layer (2)    catalyst layer (3)    electrodes (4,5)
NOVELTY - Energy and oxygen are produced by subjecting distilled water to dissociation into hydrogen and oxygen and then recombination with the help of nature.    USE - For energy and oxygen production.    ADVANTAGE - The system produces oxygen for industrial use and hydrogen which is used, together with oxygen in air, in a fuel cell for energy production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the energy and oxygen production system.    Water tank (1)    Oxygen electrode (2)    Hydrogen electrode (3)    Oxygen collection container (4)    Hydrogen collection balloon (5)    Weight which is released to generate current (6)    Fuel cell supplying current for water dissociation (7)    Lead for connecting the fuel cell to the oxygen and hydrogen electrodes (8)
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell material, comprising a strontium, magnesium and cobalt and/or iron doped lanthanum gallate is new.    USE - The material is used as the electrolyte (when y = 5 to 12 mol%) or as the cathode (when y = 15 to 35 mol%) (claimed) especially in SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells) and in electrolysis cells operated at below 800 degreesC.    ADVANTAGE - The material has high oxygen ion conductivity at lower temperatures than conventional solid electrolyte materials, has high thermal and chemical stability and has a single phase structure in the useful temperature range of 300-900 degreesC in both air and fuel gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high temperature fuel cell material comprises a strontium, magnesium and cobalt and/or iron doped lanthanum gallate of formula (I):    M = Co and/or Fe;    z = 0.1;    a-z = 0.85 to 0.9;    y = 5 to 12 mol% or 15 to 35 mol%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the temperature dependency of the electrical conductivity of doped lanthanum gallates in air compared with other solid electrolytes.
NOVELTY - The photo-electronic thin film is formed by depositing on a substrate a layer of mixed metal precursor particles from droplets and converting the resulting layer to a thin film.    USE - In electronic applications especially the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Allows phase-stabilised precursors to be easily converted into thin-film photovoltaic materials, especially large area films with well controlled compositions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photo-electronic film structure is provided by: generating mixed metal-containing droplets by mechanical separation from a solution; extracting the particles from the droplets; depositing a layer of the particles on a substrate; and adding an additional element while densifying the particles into a film structure. Preferably the layers are deposited by mechanical impulse of the particles in a carrier or by slurry spraying.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the thin-film formation sequence of the invention    Mixed metal particle precursors (1)    Deposited precursor layer (3)    Substrate (4)    Desired thin film (5)
NOVELTY - A heat insulating material (13) is installed between a crucible (12) filled with silicon raw material and a chilled plate (7) to melt the raw material. The insulating material is subsequently removed and the chilled plate is made to contact the bottom of the crucible for cooling the molten silicon.    USE -   Used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   A polycrystalline silicon substrate devoid of unidirectional solid impurities is obtained. The substrate offers solar battery with high photoelectric conversion efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the dissolution of silicone raw material. (7) Chilled plate; (12) Crucible; (13) Heat insulating material.
NOVELTY - Silicon tetrachloride in liquid or gaseous state is reduced using molten zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in a reaction chamber to form mixture containing polycrystalline silicon and polycrystalline ZnCl2. The mixture is taken out of reaction chamber. ZnCl2 obtained is electrolysed to form metallic zinc and chlorine (Cl2) which are separated, and the metallic zinc is again used for reducing silicon tetrachloride to form pure silicon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Silicon tetrachloride in liquid or gaseous state is reduced using molten ZnCl2 in a reaction chamber to form a mixture containing polycrystalline silicon and polycrystalline ZnCl2. The mixture is isolated and the ZnCl2 obtained is electrolysed to form metallic zinc and chlorine (Cl2) which are separated. The metallic zinc is again used for reducing silicon tetrachloride to form pure silicon and the Cl2 obtained combines with hydrogen (H2) to form hydrogen chloride and is used for the chlorination of metal silicon to form silicon tetrachloride.    USE -   For semiconductors and solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The manufacture of high purity silicon is enabled. A solar battery with high stability and efficiency is offered at low cost.
NOVELTY - Silicon powder is granulated and pressed under high pressure. The melt raw material of pressed powder is then molded to form an ingot.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The polycrystalline silicon powder has high purity, good quality and its solubility is not impaired.
NOVELTY - The reformer has catalyst part (34) equipped with catalyst for water vapor modification reaction and oxidation of fuel gas. The catalyst part is connected to hot fuel gas inlet (64) and reformed gas outlet (65), provided with gas flow regulator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer has catalyst part equipped with catalyst which promotes modification and oxidation of water vapor and hydrocarbon supplied to result in generation of heat and hydrogen gas. Hot fuel gas containing water vapor and hydrocarbon is supplied via hot gas inlet and the hydrogen rich fuel gas generated is removed via enriched gas outlet. The hot gas inlet is provided with flow regulator to control rate of flow. The heat generated by catalyst during oxidation of fuel is used for preheating fuel gas which is removed along the outlet region.    USE -   For supplying reformed fuel gas (hydrogen enriched fuel gas) to fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reforms hydrocarbon fuel and formation of carbon monoxide (CO) is suppressed. A high energy efficiency is achieved. The internal temperature of fuel battery apparatus is equalised to a predetermined temperature range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of catalyst part of fuel reformer. (34) Catalyst part; (64) Hot gas inlet; (65) Enriched gas outlet; (80,81) Reaction part.
NOVELTY - An ultra thin film of inorganic fine particle is developed on a hydrogel by dispersing a colloid of inorganic fine particles which is subsequently made to come in contact with a solid surface. The film is transferred to the solid surface.    USE -   In semiconductor industry for manufacture of opto-electric transducers like solar battery, semiconductor gas sensor, large scale integration (LSI).    ADVANTAGE -   Lamination of various inorganic fine particles with the accuracy of molecular level is facilitated. The electronic, magnetic and light functional characteristics are improved.
NOVELTY - The reformer is so constructed so that the inside of the vessel is subdivided into an inlet volume and an outlet volume. The cross-section for passage through the porous catalytic layer is 20 to 250% greater on the outlet volume side than on the inlet volume side.    USE - This is for use as a reformer for use with a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The whole of the catalytic layer is effective. At the same time, the volume throughput is increased and the pressure drop reduced, compared with known apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The vessel is essentially a hollow cylinder. The catalytic layer is also shaped as a hollow cylinder with a smaller diameter. A plate closes the bottom end of the cylinder of catalyst. Vapor from a methanol solution, water vapor and air comes through the inlet, and the reformed gas, rich in H2, passes through the outlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross section view of a reformer of the invention.    Catalyst layer (7)    Plate (8)    Vessel (30)    Inlet (31)    Outlet (32)    Inlet volume (71)    Outlet volume (72)
NOVELTY - Uses a complex of gold and reducible oxide of transition metal on a support of oxides of ceria, zirconia and titanium to provide a catalyst of high efficiency and low operating temperature at acceptable cost.    USE - For use in oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, methanol, methane and carbon monoxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst has high activity and efficiency, lower operating temperatures and acceptable cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gold catalyst provides electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels at temperatures low enough to avoid thermal cracking of the fuel and comprises an active catalyst and a support. The catalyst contains gold-reducible oxide clusters on a support of oxides of ceria, zirconia and titanium, the concentration of metals in the complex being 0.1-6 wt.% and the wt. of gold being 0.1-2.5 preferably less than 1.3 wt.%. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the use of the gold catalyst in the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, methanol, methane and carbon monoxide at working temperatures of 0-650 degreesC.
NOVELTY - A surface besides light incidence side of a photovoltaic cell (101) is sealed by covering material that includes transparent organic polymer resin (103). A gusset plate (107) is provided in a light receiving surface side of photovoltaic cell. A recess (109) formed in gusset plate is fitted to projection formed in output terminal on photovoltaic cell.    USE -   For power generation using solar energy.    ADVANTAGE -   The external appearance of battery module is improved by reducing roughness on battery surface. Reduces amount of resin needed for fire resistance. The reliability and operating life of solar battery module is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic section of solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (103) Transparent organic polymer resin; (107) Gusset plate; (109) Recess.
NOVELTY - Transparent electrically conductive film (2), amorphous silicon film (3) and metal electrode (4) are sequentially formed on substrate (1). The solar battery elements are insulated by a protective film (6) provided between the metal electrodes which connects the solar battery elements serially using an electrically conductive paste (5).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing method.    USE -   The battery is used as power supply for electronic wrist watch.    ADVANTAGE -   The number of solar battery production processes and number of masks are reduced to one third amount by which manufacturing cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of solar battery manufacturing process. (1) Substrate; (2) Transparent electrically conductive film; (3) Amorphous silicon film; (4) Metal electrode; (5) Electrically conductive paste; (6) Protective film.
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon substratum is formed by hydrogenated silane gas on a base material (5). A polycrystalline film formed by halogenated silane is coated on the polycrystalline silicon substratum.    USE -   For solar battery or optoelectric transducer in clock, watch, calculator, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Formation of by-products is minimised, and the film quality is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the polycrystalline silicon thin film manufacturing apparatus. (5) Base material.
NOVELTY - The base material is a metal plate or a metallic foil. The base material surface is coated with electrical insulation film whose thickness is 2-40 microns. The coating film is made of polyether sulphone resin which is coated on the base material at temperature of 250-450 degreesC by heat treating for 20-120 seconds.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of insulated substrate.    USE -   For manufacture of amorphous silicon thin film type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   An amorphous silicon thin film type solar battery is made cheaply and it has very good electric insulation, heat resistance and flexibility.
NOVELTY - A gusset plate (105), a back side covering material (104), a photovoltaic cell (101) and a surface coating material (103) are laminated one over the other. The photovoltaic cell is sealed between a compound layer (102) and back side covering material using a laminated film.    USE -   For manufacturing solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   The back side covering material has an adhesive agent and laminated insulating film thus manufacturing time is reduced. High yield and reduction in cost are achieved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic structure of solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (102) Compound layer; (103) Surface coating material; (104) Back side covering material; (105) Gusset plate.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module material (101) is arranged on a process space of base material (102) which is then vacuumised. The module is laminated by heat treating the process space. Stainless steel mesh (103) and polyester nonwoven fabric layer (104) are arranged on top and lower sides of the module material as air stratification layers with area larger than module material.    USE -   For solar battery module manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Since no air bubbles are formed between the laminating materials, good lamination is achieved. A good quality solar-battery module is obtained due to the presence of light receiving surface in large areas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional view of the vacuum lamination apparatus. (101) Solar battery module material; (102) Base material; (103) Stainless steel mesh layers.
NOVELTY - An amorphous crystalline silicon group thin film of i-type whose thickness is about 0.5-50 nm is provided between the n-type semiconductor layer and the photoelectric conversion layer. The silicon group thin film is in direct contact with the crystalline photoelectric conversion layer.    USE -   For solar battery and optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Quality of photoelectric conversion characteristic is improved since defect in grain is reduced. Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency since high quality crystalline substance is used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure represents a 3D diagram showing the crystalline silicon group thin film photo- electric converter.
NOVELTY - The raw water drained from a fuel battery plant (2) is subjected to desalination process in an electric deionization unit (11). The treated water is again circulated to the fuel battery plant. The waste water from the deionization unit is passed to a treatment tank (4) for reprocessing through a drain reprocessing portion (15).    USE -   For regeneration of waste water ejected from fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Processing cost is reduced by reducing the amount of water used for refilling the plant. Water balance is maintained in the battery plant. Power consumption is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates block diagram of water treatment plant. (2) Fuel battery plant; (4) Treatment tank; (11) Deionization unit; (15) Drain reprocessing portion.
NOVELTY - A plate fin heat exchanger is formed by welding part (A) and a plate (10) and a fin (11), placed between a carbon monoxide conversion device and a modifier.    USE -   For lowering the modified gas temperature supplied to the fuel battery electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   The plate fin heat exchanger obtained by welding, restricts generation of carbon precipitate and also other problems related with carbon precipitate are avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of heat exchanger with plate and fin welded. (10) Plate; (11) Fin.
NOVELTY - An evaporator (5) heats the catalyst modification layer (12) of a reformer (7) with a combustion gas at high temperature during the starting time or at transient time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel is supplied to the evaporator from a tank with a pump spraying nozzle. A burner is provided in the evaporator for combustion of fuel supplied to the evaporator to heat the catalyst modification layer in the reformer. A gaseous diffusion layer is contacted at a specific space in parallel to the catalyst modification layer with a conductor. A heat exchanger is provided in the evaporator to utilize also the heat generated during combustion of fuel in the evaporator to heat the catalyst modification layer. The catalyst modification layer is also heated by using an electric heater connected to a power supply.    USE -   For fuel battery used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst modification layer is heated efficiently and quickly at the time of starting and transit with the evaporator supplied with fuel for combustion gas generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows the sectional view of modification layer heating system. (5) Evaporator; (7) Reformer; (12) Catalyst modification layer.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich reforming gas containing carbon monoxide is passed into a carbon monoxide removal device (6) where carbon monoxide is removed by methanation. The gas is then passed into another removal device where the residual carbon monoxide is removed by adding oxidizing agent.    USE -   For electricity generation using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide in modified gas is removed without loss of hydrogen.
NOVELTY - A catalyst layer (6) is arranged at the periphery of another catalyst layer (5), along oxidizing agent outlet manifold (2) and heating gas outlet manifold (4).    USE -   In fuel cell using phosphoric acid.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces electrolyte losses.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows electrolyte loss prevention structure in phosphoric acid usage type fuel battery. (2) Oxidizing agent outlet manifold; (4) Heating gas outlet manifold; (5,6) Catalyst layers.
NOVELTY - A matrix board constituting an electrolytic board, is placed between a porous nickel cathode and an anode. The matrix board is made of carbonate powder with distributed lithium compounds. Carbonate is melt at inert gas atmosphere for impregnation on cathode. The cathode is oxidised at 570-650C, with oxygen concentration of about 20 % or less.    USE -   For molten carbonate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Microstructure variation is limited. Life span of the battery can be prolonged.
NOVELTY - An imidazolium salt derivative is impregnated on a polyanion resin which conveyed a negative charge towards a polymer acid, porous polymer solid or a polymer thin film.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   An homogenic polyelectrolyte which has improved ionic conductivity at room temperature, is obtained.
NOVELTY - Fine crystal grains precipitate in a hydrogen storing metal alloy fine particles which are hydrogenated in a pressurised hydrogen atmosphere. Particles are dehydrogenated at a temperature below hydrogen dissociation temperature to form a metal hydride. Again dehydrogenation is carried out by storing metal alloy powder in a heated atmosphere at specified temperature.    USE -   For manufacturing of fuel battery, heat pump, thermal storage system, motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Attains a long life of hydrogen storing metal alloy by suppressing pulverisation of fine particles. Avoids reduction of hydrogen absorption or release capacity since no amorphous phase is formed. Ensures formation of hydride in metal element and attains long life. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow chart of the flumen process.
A rare earth element complex is claimed, which is represented by the general formula (I); where M = rare earth atom; Rf1 = aromatic gp. which does not contain H, or 1-20C aliphatic gp. which does not contain H; Rf2 = aromatic gp. which does not contain H; R = heavy hydrogen, halogen atom, 1-20C aliphatic gp. which does not contain H; n1 = 2 or 3; and n2 = 2, 3 or 4.    Also claimed are: (a) method for exciting the emission of a rare earth element complex, which comprises dissolving the above-claimed rare earth element complex in a solvent which does not contain H, and subjecting the soln. to irradiation with a light having the wavelength which the above-mentioned aromatic gp. can absorb; (b) a photofunctional material containing the above-claimed rare earth element complex; (c) a ligand for rare earth element complex, which is represented by formula Rf1-C(=O)-CRaR-C(=O)-Rf2 (II); where Rf1,Rf2 and R = same as defined above; Ra = hydrogen or heavy hydrogen; (d) the production of the above-claimed rare earth element complex (I) which comprises mixing the above-claimed ligand with a rare earth metal compound in a solvent which does not contain H.    USE -   Useful as a novel laser material, which can be used for various photodevices, such as laser device, light-emitting diode, liquid crystal, optical fibre, light-sensitive detector and solar cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The complex of this invention has a high emission strength.
NOVELTY - A reformer is situated in the flow path of a reactant fluid, comprising a catalyst unit capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, and an electrically heatable heater unit.    USE - For production of high purity hydrogen for fuel cells used in industry or in automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - There is no environmental pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) a catalytic reactor disposed in the flow path of a reactant fluid;    (2) an electrically heatable catalyst unit;    (3) a method of operating the reformer; and    (4) a method of operating the catalytic reactor.
NOVELTY - The vaporizer (10a) and reformer (10b) lie adjacent in their casing (1).    USE - To reform water and methane to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Instead of devoting separate vessels, couplings, valves and pipework to individual phases of the process, all is carried out in a single tube. The valued simplification also increases reliability, above that hitherto possible. The design is more compact. Basic economical components form the assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The gas generator tube is cross-sectioned.    vaporization region (1a)    electrical resistance heating coil (2)    pressurized feed vessel (6)    compressed gas vessel (7)    dosing unit (20)
NOVELTY - Battery comprises a supply of metal fuel tape transportable relative to a movable cathode structure, an ionic conducting medium between the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure, and a mechanism to transport the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure relative to each other at the same velocity at the locus of points at which the ionically conductive medium contacts the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure during system operation.    USE - Used for power generation, such as for electric vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Damage to the metal fuel tape and movable cathode structure is reduced (claimed), due to reduced friction between them. High power can be generated from a compact system which also has longer life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) producing electrical power from a metal air fuel cell battery by moving a metal fuel tape relative to a movable cathode structure;    (2) an ionically conductive belt structure for the system;    (3) the belt manufacture by adding a polymer to an aqueous solution of an OH ion source and a hygroscopic agent, applying to a substrate and evaporating solvent, removing the obtained ionically conductive membrane from the substrate and joining the ends by adhesive, ultrasonic welding or appropriate fasteners;    (4) a cathode cylinder for use in the battery, and its manufacture by applying an ionically conductive film on its outer surface;    (5) a cathode belt structure;    (6) a cell system with a means to read a digital code along the metal fuel during discharge and recharging, and associated discharge and recharging parameter processing means;    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows metal fuel tape passing over a rotating cathode cylinder.    cathode cylinder (11)    ionically conductive medium (30)
NOVELTY - A controlled amount of water is introduced into the gas stream prior to the catalyzed reaction to a temperature for the preferential, selective removal of carbon monoxide especially from reformate gas mixtures.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improved and simplified clean-up system is compact, simple to assemble and capable of dealing with varying flow rates of hydrogen-rich gas and varying amounts of carbon monoxide. Provides preferential selective removal of carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Purification of gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide involves a catalyzed reaction for the selective removal of carbon monoxide. A controlled amount of liquid water is introduced into the stream prior to the reaction to lower the stream temperature to a predetermined value at which preferential removal of carbon monoxide takes place in the reaction.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a multi-bed catalyst system for the purification of the gas stream; and    (b) a fuel cell system for vehicular applications comprising an on-board hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen clean-up unit operating as above and a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The sensor uses infrared spectroscopy to detect CO that is adsorbed on a thin Pt film that coats an infrared transparent substrate. CO is detected by the absorption (at about 1990 cm-1) caused by exciting the fundamental vibration of CO adsorbed on the Pt. A valve is caused to close if an excess concentration of CO is detected.    USE - For detecting excess CO in the feed-gas flowing into a fuel cell stack in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Detects CO concentration in the range 5 to 50 ppm by volume in a fluid that contains about 20% CO2, as much as 7% water, and the balance H2. Protects the fuel stack from being poisoned by the CO.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the sensor.
NOVELTY - The ceramic material has perovskite type complex oxide forming the principal crystal phase. The complex oxide contains lanthanum, chromium, magnesium and 0.01-20 wt% of oxides of one or more elements of calcium, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium, samarium, neodymium, dysprosium and praseodymium.    USE -   For electrode, separator, gas diffuser, interconnector of fuel cell for magnetohydrodynamic power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   The ceramic material has high electric conductivity, stability in hot hydrogen atmosphere and improved degree of sintering.
NOVELTY - Mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide is manufactured by reforming methanol in the presence of a catalyst. When the catalyst undergoes a predetermined degree of deterioration, a catalyst regenerating operation is performed by supplying air and the reforming process is continued using the reactivated catalyst.    USE -   For manufacturing hydrogen gas used for hydrogenation of organic compounds and in hydrogen fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The reforming method maintains the catalyst in highly active state and enables efficient reformation of methanol over a long time period.
NOVELTY - In a diaphragm cell of a metal/air battery, an anode paste is passed as a strip through a cavity between the diaphragm and an anode collector such that it fills the cavity cross-section.    USE - Especially as a zinc-air, aluminum-air or iron-air battery, useful in the automobile industry.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides homogeneous circulation of the anode paste as a thin strip and allows the battery size to be reduced compared with the battery described in US 4172924.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A metal/air battery (1) has one or more diaphragm cells (2), each containing a porous cathode collector (6a) and an anode paste (4) which consists of metal powder combined with an electrolyte and which can move while being in contact with the diaphragm (5) and with the anode collector (3) and while being progressively transformed into an oxidized metal paste.    (a) the anode collector (3), the diaphragm (5) and the cathode collector (6a) are the same shape and are mutually parallel; and (b) the diaphragm (5) and the anode collector (3) are spaced apart to form a cavity, through which the anode paste (4) is passed as a strip such that, during passage, the paste conforms to the cavity cross-section at all points without gaps.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a metal-air battery according to the invention.    Battery (1)    Cell (2)    Anode collector (3)    Anode paste (4)    Diaphragm (5)    Air cathode (6)    cathode collector (6a)
NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the preparation of the above water-soluble metal colloid solution by reacting a Pt compound and optionally a compound(s) of Rh, Ru, Ir or Pd with a reducing agent and using a cation exchange polymer as stabilizer.
NOVELTY - Low cost polymers, such as ethylene vinyl acetate and ionomers, are used as back skin (14) and/or encapsulant (18) layers in solar cell modules. E-beam radiation crosslinks the polymer without eliminating thermoplasticity so that thermal creep resistance is good.    USE - Used as solar cell modules, especially in architectural applications.    ADVANTAGE - Thermal creep resistance is substantially increased and the polymers are inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell module comprises a front support layer (16) behind which is a transparent encapsulant layer (14), then an interconnected solar cell assembly (12) with a back skin layer (18) at the rear surface. At least one of the encapsulant and back skin layers are predisposed to electron beam radiation.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method of forming a monolithic solar cell module in which metal conducting patterns are additionally formed on the back skin layer and the surface of the cells;    (b) a method as above in which the assembly is laminated and e-beam-irradiated to cause crosslinking;    (c) a solar cell module formed as above; and    (d) a monolithic solar cell module additionally comprising material to bond the solar cells to the conducting pattern.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the solar cell module is shown.    Solar cell (12)    Encapsulant (14)    Front support (16)    Back skin (18)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for promoting selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas comprises: (1) ruthenium as the main component supported on a prescribed carrier; and (2) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, which have the effect of increasing the temperature range for promoting the selective oxidation, nickel or zinc.    USE - For fuel cells, such as electric sources for driving electric automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The selective oxidation is maintained at a high level over a broadened temperature range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in a hydrogen-rich gas by oxidizing the CO comprises:    (i) mixing the hydrogen-rich gas with an oxidation gas containing oxygen for oxidizing the CO; and    (ii) oxidizing the CO using the above catalyst to promote a CO selective oxidation reaction; and    (b) an apparatus for the above method comprises:    (1) a unit for supplying the hydrogen-rich gas;    (2) a unit for supplying the oxidation gas containing oxygen for oxidizing the CO;    (3) a part for selective oxidation of CO containing the above catalyst, into which the hydrogen gas and the oxidation gas are brought.
NOVELTY - A patterned photoresist layer is formed over a microelectronics material layer on a substrate, fluorine plasma etching to form vias using an etchant gas composition which simultaneously forms a fluorocarbon polymer residue on the via sidewall, stripping the photoresist using an oxygen plasma where the fluorocarbon polymer residue is only partially etched and inhibits lateral etching of the microelectronics material, and stripping the fluoropolymer by wet etching.    USE - Forming vias in IC, solar cell, ceramic substrate and flat panel display fabrications (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Vias can be easily formed through materials susceptible to sequential etching, without lateral etching of the via. The process can be readily commercially implemented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a stage of the via formation.    photoresist layers (34a,b)    microelectronics material (32)    substrate (30)
NOVELTY - A nitride semiconductor layer is laminated in the form of steps over an inclined substrate (1). The nitride semiconductor layer comprises barrier layer of quantum well structure and its empirical formula is InXAlYGa1-X-YN, 0X, 0Y, X+Y1.    USE -   For LED, superluminescent diode (SLD), LD, solar battery, photosensor, transistor.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhances the output, efficiency and durability of semiconductor device. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of nitride based semiconductor element. (1) Substrate.
NOVELTY - After vaporizing the organic metal compound, a sulfide semiconductor film (7) is formed by heating the substrate above the decomposition temperature of organic metal compound. A membraneous formation is developed by isolating the substrate from organic metal compound before complete vaporization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A spacer (3) holds a coating film (2) containing an organic metal compound above a substrate (5) layered with a transparent conductive film (4). A metal sulfur bond microstructure acts as a source in the conductive film.    USE -   Used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Good quality film is formed easily at faster rate by not employing complicated and expensive apparatus. Facilitates usage of glass substrate since process temperature is low. Enables to manufacture low cost high efficiency solar battery since semiconductor film is formed in normal atmosphere. Environmental concerns are well addressed by reducing cadmium consumption. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows various stages of semiconductor film formation. (2) Coating film; (3) Spacer; (4) Transparent conductive film; (5) Substrate; (7) Sulfide semiconductor film.
NOVELTY - P-layer (13) is formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition process, using raw material gas such as hydrocarbon gas like silane, methane or ethylene, hydrogen and diborane. High-frequency power supply of greater than or equal to 30 MHz, is supplied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An n-layer (16) and i-layer (15) are laminated sequentially on the P-layer. A radical heater is arranged between a substrate and electrode pattern inside a reaction receptacle. A substrate heater is arranged facing the electrode pattern, inside reaction receptacle.    USE -   Used for amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The absorption loss of incident light, is reduced because the p-layer is laminated by `n' and `i' layers. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of solar battery. (13) P-layer; (15) I-layer; (16) N- layer.
NOVELTY - The substrate (11) of solar battery (10) which has an electroconductive surface is contacted with the positive pole (23) or negative electrode (21) of secondary battery (20).    USE -   D For power supply of wrist watches.    ADVANTAGE -   Sufficient charging-discharging capacitance is attained. Thickness of secondary battery and watch is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents schematic explanatory drawing of the solar battery integrated solar battery and controlling circuit. (10) Solar battery; (11) Substrate of solar battery; (20) Secondary battery; (21) Negative electrode; (23) Positive pole.
NOVELTY - A comparator (13) detects the deterioration of a cell stack (5) by comparing the calculated and standard electricity generation efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reformer (2) recovers hydrogen from fuel. A cell stack (5) includes an electrolyte (7) sandwiched between a fuel pole (6) and an oxygen pole (8). The cell stack outputs electrical energy when hydrogen is supplied from the reformer. An electric power converter (10) converts the electrical energy from the cell stack to a moderate voltage. A flow detector (15) detects the rate of flow of fuel supplied to the reformer. A voltage detector (11) detects the output voltage of the electric power converter. A current detector (16) detects the output current of the converter. An electric power calculator (17) calculates the output electric power of the converter based on the calculated output voltage and current. An efficiency calculator (18) calculates the electricity generation efficiency based on the computed fuel flow rate and the output electric power. A standard efficiency calculator (19) calculates the standard electricity generation efficiency. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fuel battery deterioration diagnostic process.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Detects deterioration of cell stack based on electricity generation efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel battery deterioration diagnostic apparatus. (2) Reformer; (5) Cell stack; (6) Full pole; (7) Electrolyte; (8) Oxygen pole; (10) Electric power converter; (11) Voltage detector; (13) Comparator; (15) Flow detector; (16) Current detector; (17) Electric power calculator; (18) Efficiency calculator; (19) Standard efficiency calculator.
NOVELTY - A through hole (2A) is formed in the base (20). A solid electrolyte film (4) is fixed and passed to the base. The electrodes (23,24) are formed in both apertures (2a,2b) side of the electrolyte film.    USE -   For e.g. solid electrolyte fuel battery, water vapor electrolysis cell, NOx dissolution cell, cell for partial oxidation of hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents increase of diffused resistance in electrode, thus maintaining mechanical strength of cell. Improves efficiency of cell by increasing cell area and by reducing thickness of electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts sectional view of cell. (2a,2b) Apertures; (2A) Through hole; (4) Solid electrolyte film; (20) Base; (23,24) Electrodes.
NOVELTY - A lead wire (3) for extracting the output of a solar battery element is arranged in contact with a foundation material (8). The casing for the lead wire is made of polyethylene resin, polyamide resin, vinylidene-fluoride resin, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, silicone resin or fluororesin    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM for solar battery installation method is also provided.    USE -   For installation of solar battery on wall, roof of building. For power generating device, air circulation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The length of lead wire is extended easily, thus generation of crack is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a sectional view of outer enclosure. (3) Lead wire; (8) Foundation material.
NOVELTY - A glass plate with tin oxide film is soaked in an etching liquid containing phosphoric acid as principal component. The oxidation-reduction potential of phosphoric acid is in the range of -0.5 to +0.4 V. Etching is performed by heating the etchant.    USE -   For flat displays, solar battery of plasma display components.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrode patterning is performed with good dimensional accuracy. While tin oxide film is effectively removed, the back layer is unaffected. Etching reactions rate is increased on addition of acids to etching liquid.
NOVELTY - Raw material gas (2) from the anode of a fuel cell is passed through plate modifiers (12,12a,12b) connected serially. The processed gas is then passed into a hydrogen isolator fitted with a hydrogen separation membrane (16a) made of 1 mm thick barium alloy film maintained at 300C temperature and differential pressure of 1 kg and is reused by the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Plate modifiers (12a,12b) connected serially have a heating chamber (H), a modifier chamber packed with catalyst (3). Process gas from the anode end of a battery is made to pass through plate modifiers which then faces the hydrogen gas isolator (16) fitted with barium alloy film of 1 mm thick and at temperature of 300C and pressure of 1 kg. A regenerated hydrogen is utilized by the anode for power generation, which is passed through a by-pass line.    USE -   For hydrogen regeneration in a fuel cell in power generation installation.    ADVANTAGE -   The operating temperature of the plate modifier is not increased. A high modification efficiency is achieved in the range of 7-8 atas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the hydrogen regenerator integral with a fuel cell battery. (2) Raw material gas; (3) Modified catalyst; (4) Modified gas; (12,12a,12b) Plate modifiers; (16) Hydrogen gas isolator; (16a) Hydrogen separation membrane; (H) Heating chamber.
NOVELTY - The combined oxidizer/burner unit included in the plant operates both as an oxidizer of CO and as a catalytic burner. The amount of O2 in the gas introduced into the unit is greater than that required only for CO oxidation.    USE - To provide H2 for vehicle fuel cells from liquid methanol fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The plant is very compact, relatively inexpensive to construct and operates with high efficiency. The CO content at the reformed gas outlet is less than 50 ppm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer and combined oxidizer/burner unit are integrated into a stacked disc type reactor unit with a heat transfer structure. Also integrated with the reformer is a vaporizer which is in contact with the catalytic burner through a heat transfer structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagram of a stacked disc type reactor unit    vaporizer (1)    reformer (2)    combined oxidizer/burner unit (3)    catalytic burner (4)    air inlet (9)    reformed gas outlet (10)
NOVELTY - A silicon sheet, 350-1000mum thick, having a pair of opposing major surfaces comprises elongated columnar grains having an average width 0.002 to 1 cm , with the columnar axis extending in the direction from major surface to major surface.    USE - A low cost process for forming low stress, columnar-grained sheets for use in high performance solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process efficiently employs low cost materials, e.g. small-grained polycrystalline silicon with low activity grain boundries, while maintaining solar cell performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The preferred grain size is greater than 80mum, and the sheet has an electrical resistivity of 0.1-10 ohm-cm.
NOVELTY - A first electrode layer, a semiconductor photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode layer are formed in this order on a substrate, and a light diffusion layer which has a surface texture including fine unevenness suitable for causing the light diffusion and formed by using a resin including particles, is provided between the substrate and the first electrode layer.    USE - Used in solar cells, especially thin film semiconductor photoelectric converters.    ADVANTAGE - A thin film semiconductor photoelectric converter is provided easily and inexpensively which has a high efficiency of conversion due to light confinement effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric converter comprises (i) a first electrode layer, a semiconductor photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode layer formed in this order on a substrate; and (ii) a light diffusion layer for causing light diffusion, provided between the substrate and the first electrode layer. The light diffusion layer has a surface texture including fine unevenness suitable for causing the light diffusion and formed by using a resin including particles suitable for causing the surface texture. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the converter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a photoelectric converter.    Transparent Substrate (1)    Light Diffusion Layer (2)    Transparent Electrode layer (3)    Light Diffusion Effect Increasing Layer (4)    Semiconductor Photoelectric Conversion Layer (5)    Metal Atom Diffusion Prevention Layer (6)    Metal Electrode Layer (7)
NOVELTY - The mean particle size of the precious metal catalyst particles in the surface of the electrode, exceeds a minimum value above which the oxidation of CO is constant.    USE - To oxidize methanol or the CO in a gas also having a high H2 content, for example in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation of CO is more consistent for this kind of electrode which is cheaper to produce than the type consisting entirely of precious metal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode consists of a conductive substrate with the catalyst particles deposited on it. The maximum particle diameter is no more than five times greater than the minimum diameter. The particles form aggregates of 10 to 80 nm. The substrate is carbon with open porosity. The electrode has a layer of electrolyte contiguous with it.
NOVELTY - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    USE - Used for bonding electrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sealability of flexible graphite sheet is enhanced whilst retaining high electrical conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells, each comprising a membrane electrode assembly between the field plate comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for a fluid cell component comprising: i) a fluid flow field plate comprising a single resin impregnated flexible graphite sheet having needle-shaped ceramic fiber particles embedded therein which are non-reactive with graphite, stable to 2000 degreesF and extend from at least one outer planar surface of the sheet to provide channels for containing resin, where one sheet surface is flat and the other forms a continuous flow channel to exhaust or receive fluid fuel or oxidant. ii) a thin flat flexible graphite sheet arranged contiguous and coextensive with the flat surface and bonded thereto by thermoset resin pockets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an electrically conductive seal according to the invention.    Flexible graphite sheet (3010)    Flow field plates of adjacent cells (1000,1100)    Compressive force (3050)    Thermosetting resin pockets (3080)    Graphite to graphite contacts. (3060)
NOVELTY - A solar panel (2) is inserted within a frame which has upper and lower cavities (32,33) along its circumference. The solar panel is sealed with a sealing material (3) such as urethane resin, by polymer injection integral moulding method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery module manufacturing method.    USE -   For installation at roof of buildings.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates usage of thermosetting resin and heating apparatus. Manufacture process is simple and fast. Permeation of rain water in the solar panel is prevented since it is sealed and hence the need for a cover is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents the sectional view of solar battery module structure. (2) Solar panel; (3) Sealing material; (32) Upper cavity; (33) Lower cavity.
NOVELTY - A transparent protection member (3) covers a flexible photoelectric conversion module (1). During photoelectric conversion, the module is pushed up towards photoelectric conversion area. The area is formed between protection member and the exterior chassis (W).    USE -   For crystal solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Sustains effective expansion condition. Exposes display by mounting it on building side of module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows isometric, side and sectional views of module. (1) Photoelectric conversion module; (3) Transparent protection member; (W) Exterior chassis.
NOVELTY - A substrate is heated to 175-425C and tin chloride solution of 0.06-1.0 mole containing thiourea of 0.1-10 mole ratio is supplied to the substrate to form a tin sulphide veil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The concentration of tin chloride is set by satisfying following formula: T2500C + 100s, where C is the concentration of tin chloride in the solution and T is the temperature of substrate.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies manufacture of tin sulphide veil. Tin sulphide veil is manufactured efficiently and cheaply.
NOVELTY - A substrate heater (45) is installed in a space having 3 mm or more between a plasma generating electrode (32) and a substrate (40) for heating the substrate surface. A magnet (46) which generates a periodically varying magnetic field is arranged parallel to the substrate.    USE -   For manufacturing amorphous thin silicon film used for electronic devices such as amorphous silicon solar battery, thin film transistor, optical sensor, semiconductor protective coat.    ADVANTAGE -   Speed of film formation is increased by a heater. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus. (32) Plasma generating electrode; (40) Substrate; (45) Substrate heater; (46) Magnet.
NOVELTY - A thin silicon film is formed on a transparent insulated substrate. Heat treatment of silicon film is performed at 850 or 950C for a predetermined time period by radiating laser beam on it, in order to form a polycrystalline silicon film.    USE -   For TFT manufacture used in LCD and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Forms polycrystalline silicon film of high carrier mobility at low temperature. Highly efficient TFT is offered at reduced cost.
NOVELTY - By anodizing the semiconductor substrate (11) a porous layer (12) consisting of a P-type silicon single crystal is formed on its surface (12a). A mixed solution of hydrogen fluoride and isopropyl alcohol or mixed solution of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen peroxide is used as electrolyte of anodization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for semiconductor porous layer manufacturing technique.    USE -   For forming semiconductor thin films for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduction in impurity contamination of porous layer is achieved by using a mixed solution of hydrogen fluoride and isopropyl alcohol or hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen peroxide as electrolyte of anodization. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of semiconductor substrate. (11) Semiconductor substrate; (12) Porous layer; (12a) Surface.
NOVELTY - An internal manifold type separator (10) inserted between polar zone (11) and manifold unit (12) is rotated to 90 and laminated to polar zone. As a result, the gas flumen in each cell (14) flow in crossing directions. Thus anode gas (8) and cathode gas (9) flow in orthogonal direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Anode manifolds (13) and cathode manifolds (14) are parallelly arranged inbetween square shaped polar zone (11) and manifold unit (12), at fixed positions from polar zone centre (O). The corners of the manifold unit are left free.    USE -   For molten carbonate electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By providing increased number of laminations and uniform flow allocation of anode gas, a balanced current density distribution and temperature distribution are achieved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts structural diagram of stack of fuel battery. (8) Anode gas; (9) Cathode gas; (10) Internal manifold type separator; (11) Polar zone; (12) Manifold unit; (13) Anode manifolds; (14) Cathode manifolds; (O) Polar zone centre.
NOVELTY - Between single cells (10, 20) and separators (14, 15, 24, 25), fuel flow paths (14a, 24a) and oxidizing agent flow paths (15a, 25a) are provided. The flow direction of fuel flow path (14a) and oxidizing agent flow path (15a) of cell (10) oppose each other. The flow direction of fuel flow path (24a) and that of oxidizing agent flow path (25a) of cell (20) are in a parallel direction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Separators (14, 15, 24, 25) are arranged on either sides of single cells (10, 20) formed by arranging fuel pole layers (12, 22) and oxidizing agent pole layers (13, 23) on both sides of electrolyte layers (11, 21).    USE -   In molten carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Cooling efficiency of entire fuel battery is increased sufficiently. As temperature distribution in fuel battery is equalized, reduction of power for cooling, and equalization of current density distribution is attained. Thus, electricity generation efficiency of fuel battery is raised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded isometric view of multilayered cell structure of fuel battery. (10, 20) Single cells; (11, 21) Electrolyte layers; (12, 22) Fuel pole layers; (13, 23) Oxidizing agent pole layers; (14, 15, 24, 25) Separator; (14a, 24a) Fuel flow path; (15a, 25a) Oxidizing agent flow path.
NOVELTY - Vanadium compound containing pentavalent vanadium is reduced and product is evaluated by differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) in the presence of air circulation. Analysis results shows vanadium compound having valency less than 5 with DTA peaks at temperature below 600 C is obtained for a redox reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reduction product is dissolved in aqueous sulphuric acid or it is mixed with pentavalent vanadium compound and dissolved with aqueous sulphuric acid solution. This forms a vanadium electrolyte mixture consisting of trivalent and tetravalent vanadium compound. Vanadium electrolyte is manufactured by using vanadium as a positive and negative electrode active material.    USE -   For redox batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables manufacture of high trivalent and tetravalent vanadium content electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A modified gas formation device is contained in a housing (100) which is provided with air vent (101), through which an air mixture is collected. The collected air is partially oxidized, using a heated gas and the partially oxidized air, forming a modified gas (which essentially consists of hydrogen), by steam reformation. The gas is supplied to fuel pole, for generation of electricity.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The piping systems are simplified since the modified gas formation device and the oxidation reactor are present in the housing. The temperatures of the modified gas formation device and the oxidation reactor are easily elevated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of the fuel battery system. (100) Housing; (101) Air vent; (120) Carbonmonoxide conversion unit.
NOVELTY - A container (21) storing fuel battery (20) generates electricity using cathode gas containing oxygen and anode gas containing hydrogen. Anode waste gas ejected from anode and cathode waste gas ejected from the cathode are burnt. A carbon dioxide recycle line (7) supplies combustion gas from a modifier (22) to a cathode (C).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas emission line (16) connected to the CO2 recycle line (7) exhausts residual gas via cooler (50), cut-off valve (52) and flow control valve (54). A purge gas line (15) is connected between a container (21) via a gas blower (38) and junction points of cut-off valve and a cooler (50) via a steam separator (37). The cooler is connected to CO2 recycle line.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   As residual gas in plant during emergency shut down was cooled, and cut-off valve and flow control valve are made into low temperature, usage of hot waste gas discharge valve is avoided. As procurement expense of these valves is reduced, plant cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery electricity generator device. (7) Carbon dioxide recycle line; (15) Purge gas line; (20) Fuel battery; (21) Container; (22) Modifier; (37) Steam separator; (38) Gas blower; (50) Cooler; (52) Cut-off valve; (54) Flow control valve; (C) Cathode.
NOVELTY - The test piece (9) contacts the slots or holes (8a,8b) formed in the electrolyte holding plates (3a,3b). The test piece consists of porous material in which the electrolyte is impregnated. The test piece can be sampled after arbitrary operation time of battery stack.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Measures amount of phosphoric acid impregnations correctly. Obtains superior life span characteristics of fuel battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of fuel battery. (3a,3b) Electrolyte holding plates; (8a,8b) Slots or holes; (9) Test piece.
A reinforced ion exchange membrane consists of a perfluorocarbon polymer reinforced with reinforcing cloth formed of a fluorocarbon polymer fibre. The reinforcing cloth consists of the tape yarn of the fluorocarbon polymer and is a woven fabric having 10-100-denier warp and 10-100-denier weft, a warp and weft density of 3-50 pieces/inch, and a cross point thickness of the warp and weft of 40 microns or less.    USE -   The reinforced ion exchange membrane is used in a diaphragm for a high polymer solid electrolytic fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Reducing the cross point thickness of the reinforcing cloth evolves no through pin holes in the reinforcing cloth even if a thin cation exchange resin film is integrated with the reinforcing cloth. The ion exchange membrane has low electrical resistance and high mechanical strength.
A membrane-electrodes connector is formed of an ion exchange membrane, and a catalytic layer and gas diffusion electrodes connected to the ion exchange membrane. The ion exchange membrane and/or the catalytic layer has sulphonated polyaryl ether sulphone of formula -[-C6H4-SO2-C6H4-O-(-Ar((SO3X)a)-C-)p-]n- (1). a = 1-4; p = 1-5; n = 2-1000; X = H, or monovalent-tetravalent metal; Ar = an aromatic residue.    ADVANTAGE -   The membrane-electrodes connector has high proton conductivity and long-term durability at high temps.. The resulting solid high polymer fuel cell also has high proton conductivity, long-term durability at high temps., and evolves less waste fluorine.
NOVELTY - Several sintered compacts (2) which consist of indium, tin and oxygen are arranged on a base plate (1) forming several divided portions. Each compact has a density of 6.4 g/cm3 or more. The divided portion has a gap (4) of 0.05-0.4 mm width and edge part of the compact is processed to (R1-R2).    USE -   As display electrode for flat panel display, window material for solar battery, as anti-static film.    ADVANTAGE -   A large sized target with minimum number of module generation is obtained at low manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents sectional drawing of indium tin oxide sputtering target. (1) Base plate; (2) Sintered compact; (4) Gap.
NOVELTY - The web is drawn from molten material in a furnace and one or both of its surfaces exposed to a solid body of dopant material heated to diffusion temperature. Exposure may be within or externally to the furnace. The two faces may be exposed to separate dopants of differing conductivity type.    USE - Fabrication of silicon crystal web for photovoltaic conversion of solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - Simple process eliminating need for a separate gas diffusion process.
NOVELTY - A film-type solid polyelectrolyte membrane (SPM) for fuel cells consists of a synthetic resin in which the main chain is an olefin/perfluoro-olefin copolymer, with side chains consisting of a crosslinked olefin/diolefin copolymer with sulfonic acid groups.    USE - In hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost solid polyelectrolyte membrane with a water content which is controlled so as not to cause excessive wetting of the electrode catalysts with a consequent loss of performance; i.e. the membrane shows a suitable degree of water-repellency without the need for water repellent additives.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for processes for the production of SPM by:    (A) (a1) a grafting step in which an olefin/perfluoro- olefin copolymer film is irradiated and then contacted with an olefinic aromatic hydrocarbon and a diolefinic aromatic hydrocarbon so as to form crosslinked side chains grafted on the copolymer and (a2) the introduction of sulfonic acid groups into the side chains; and    (B) (b1) irradiating an olefin/perfluoro-olefin copolymer film and then (b2) contacting with sulfonic acid group-containing olefinic and diolefinic aromatic hydrocarbons so that crosslinked side chains with sulfonic acid groups are grafted onto the copolymer.
NOVELTY - A thin film silicon solar cell structure incorporates a porous silicon layer between its p+ back face contact and its photovoltaic active layer.    USE - As a thin film silicon solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The multifunctional layer (porous silicon layer) increases the solar cell efficiency by providing high reflection in the IR wavelength range and also fulfils the functions of a back face passivation, a back face contact, an impurity diffusion barrier layer and a nucleation layer for epitaxial growth of the photovoltaic active silicon layer. The cell is produced using conventional technology and only involves one additional step.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin film silicon solar cell structure incorporates, between the substrate and the photovoltaic active layer, a multifunctional layer which fulfils the functions of an optical reflector, a nucleation layer for silicon epitaxy and one or more of a back face passivation, a diffusion barrier layer and a back face contact. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing the multifunctional layer described above by converting a near-surface layer of a crystalline silicon layer into a layer of different refractive index so that increased light reflection is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a thin film silicon solar cell structure which incorporates a buried multifunctional layer.
NOVELTY - Vaporised oxygen and methanol are supplied to a layered catalyst (11,12) in a reactor (4). The activity of oxygen increases from supply side catalyst layer (11) towards the ejection side catalyst layer (12).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen gas plant. The gas plant has a liquid oxygen supply source (1), liquid methanol supply source (2) and a heater (3) to vaporise liquid oxygen and methanol. The catalytic reaction of the vaporised oxygen and methanol is carried out in a reactor to form hydrogen gas.    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   A heat retention unit for the catalyst is unnecessary. The apparatus is simple and compact. The burning of hydrogen gas due to excessive heat is prevented and its invert ratio is increased considerably.
NOVELTY - The film of thickness 1-10 m, width of 300 nm or more, length of 500 m, Young's modulus of 700-2500 kg/mm2 and moisture absorption expansion coefficient of 3-50 ppm/% RH is rolled. The film contains 0.001-10 wt% of fine particles. At least one surface of the film having fine protrusions with 0.01-0.05 m height are 102-107 pieces/mm2 and protrusions with 0.81 m or more height are 0.5 pieces/100 cm2. Mean winding hardness of film is 95-100 and variations in winding hardness are 0-5.    USE -   For solar battery, magnetic medium etc,.    ADVANTAGE -   The film with excellent heat resisting property and workability is offered. The generation of wrinkles in the film is prevented.
NOVELTY - The fog prevention film has a photocatalyst material made transparent layer responding to optical pumping, is formed on one surface of a fluororesin layer that consists of optical catalytic substance and silicon compound. The silicon compound consists of silicone, silicone precursor, silica or silica precursor. The film with wetting property shows water contact angle of 10 or less.    USE -   The fog prevention film is used for green house, and used as cover for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The fog prevention film excels in endurance and fog prevention effect. Has high dirt resistance.
NOVELTY - A soft material cleaning roller (6) contacts one side surface of a substrate (1). A presser foot roller (7) contacts other side surface of the substrate. The cleaning roller rotates when the substrate is moved. The cleaning roller rubs against surface of substrate and dreg is removed.    USE -   Used for cleaning substrate of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The damage of substrate, is prevented because cleaning roller consists of soft material. There is no need of wetting the substrate because the dreg removal is performed efficiently by cleaning roller, in the dry state. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of laser processing apparatus. (1) Substrate; (6) Cleaning roller; (7) Presser foot roller.
NOVELTY - The liquid containing ammonium halide salt liquid medium and resin is applied on a tin-oxide film supported by a glass substrate in desired pattern. The substrate is heated to temperature more than sublimation point of the ammonium halide salt. The applied liquid reacts with the tin-oxide film and removes TiO film selectively to form a predetermined pattern.    USE -   For LCD element, non-crystal semiconductor solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Shortens patterning time, by reaction between applied liquid and tin-oxide film. Reduces patterning cost by reducing number of processes. Enables protecting glass substrate by choosing proper temperature for heating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows procedure involved in patterning.
NOVELTY - A spacer (4) is interposed between a pair of glass plates (2,3). Output terminals (10) connected to the solar battery extended upto an extension location (11) adhered by the intermediate gap side on the spacer and the glass plate while arranging a primary sealing to the spacer before adhesion of the glass plates to the spacer.    USE -   Used in solar battery module of street light and building.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat and sound insulation effects of the solar battery module are maintained. With constant sealing state of solar battery module, the output terminal is connectable to other implements like external battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows front elevation of solar battery module. (2,3) Glass plate; (4) Spacer; (10) Output terminal; (11) Extension location.
NOVELTY - An Al thin film is formed on a glass substrate by supplying Al on a glass substrate (1). A Si polycrystalline thin film (11) is formed by adding Si to the heated Al thin film. Al supplied to the substrate is set within (1/100) - (1/20) of the supply of Si to the Al thin film.    USE -   E.g. for thin film polycrystalline silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Cost is reduced as need for Si substrate is eliminated by substitution of glass substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of Si polycrystal thin film. (1)Glass substrate; (11) Si polycrystalline thin film.
NOVELTY - The solar battery structure has a growth condition observation measurement module (2) between a semiconductor substrate (3) and a solar battery module (1). The growth condition observation measurement module consists of mixed crystal composition and several laminated semiconductor layers which consists of elements selected from third and fifth group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solar battery manufacturing method.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Solar battery with high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained. Suppresses lattice mismatching of mixed crystal semiconductor layer. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of solar battery. (1) Solar battery module; (2) Measurement module; (3) Semiconductor substrate.
NOVELTY - The sealing material consists of an ethylene- vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA resin) crosslinked with an organic peroxide. The bridging is performed at 140C in 30 min or less duration.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has high volume resistivity due to the presence of EVA resin. Electricity leakage in solar battery is efficiently prevented since insulation of solar battery module is raised. A compact and low cost solar battery is availed.
NOVELTY - The sealing material consists of 30 wt% or less of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA resin).    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has high volume resistivity due to the presence of EVA resin. Electricity leakage in solar battery is efficiently prevented since insulation of solar battery module is raised. A compact and low cost solar battery is availed.
NOVELTY - The sealing material contains 5 pts. wt. or less of silane coupling agent and 100 pts. wt. of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The volume resistance of the sealing material is 5.0 1014or more.    An additional amount of 0.02 pts. wt. or less of vinyl trimethoxy silane is added as silane coupling agent to the EVA copolymer.    The crosslinked EVA copolymer forms EVA sheets, between which a polyester film is inserted and sealed.    An organic peroxide is added to the EVA copolymer which is 1, 1-bis(t-butyl peroxy)- 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane. The components are then heated to form a bridged product.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The sealing material has high volume resistance. The insulation of solar battery is raised by the sealing material, hence the current leakage is prevented. The solar battery has small size and its cost is low.
NOVELTY - Metal particles (2) are embedded on a substrate (1). The top portion of the substrate is deposited with amorphous silicon material (3). The amorphous silicon material is than heated in vacuum and crystallized.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves conversion efficiency of battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the polycrystalline silicon thin film formation. (1) Substrate; (2) Metal particles; (3) Amorphous silicon material.
NOVELTY - A door (33) is installed on a package (32) that covers a multilayered body (26). A fuel inlet manifold (30) and an oxidizing agent manifold are formed adjacent to the door. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel pole and an oxidizing agent pole are arranged opposite to each other. A single cell is laminated between the pair of poles. The fuel manifold which supplies or ejects heating gas is formed to the fuel pole.    USE -   Used for generation of electricity by electrochemical reaction.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables easy refilling of electrolyte by removing a part of package. Prevents leakage of electricity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric view electrochemical fuel battery. (26) Multilayered body; (30) Fuel inlet manifold; (32) Package.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte maintenance board (5) to channel molten carbonate to receptacle (1X) is covered on both sides by gaseous diffusion type cathode (1) and anode (2). Reaction gas is supplied through valves (10-13). When the voltage between electrodes falls below 8V, an electric signal is sent for interchanging gas supply between electrodes.    USE -   For gaseous diffusion electrodes in molten carbonate fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Obviates need for replacing cathode exhausted after a run, thereby facilitates recovery or regeneration of the electrodes. Since amount of permissible exhaustion of cathode is maintained to predetermined levels, life span of battery is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts schematic drawing explaining interchanging of gas supply between electrodes. (1) Cathode; (1X) Receptacle; (2) Anode; (5) Electrolyte maintenance board; (10-13) Valves.
NOVELTY - Fuel gas with high H2concentration, is made to flow through modified gas filter (3) for removing the impurities. An electric heater (22) is arranged in the receipt part of filter element (21) of the modified filter to increase the temperature of filter element. Modified gas obtained is supplied to a burner through a by-pass circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The filter element consists of several microns of metal mesh. Temperature of the filter element is increased and maintained to predetermined temperature and operation is started. Modified gas is supplied to fuel pole of a battery for electricity generation by an electrochemical reaction.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Condensation of moisture in the modified gas filter and occlusion of flow path are avoided. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of modified gas filter. (3) Modified gas filter; (21) Filter element; (22) Electric heater.
NOVELTY - Printing involves depositing droplets (20) on a surface (24) to form a patterned electronic device comprising multiple discrete portions. The droplets forming these regions are supplied by respective droplet deposition printheads (22A,B,C), or, by a butted droplet deposition printhead with separate fluid supplies.    USE - For use in forming a field effect transistor, optical waveguide, charge handling conductor, ferroelectrically-driven silicon cantilever, polymeric battery, photovoltaic cell structure for solar cell, chemoresistor, chemocapacitor, chemodiode, chemotransistor, thermistor, micropellistor, thermoelectric sensor, piezoelectric sensor, surface acoustic wave device, multiple element gas sensor or conducting polymeric device for sensing polar molecules at room temperature (all claimed). It is also suitable for forming biosensors, and for medical uses, e.g. surface wound control, printing active circuits on to skin for monitoring, protective teeth coating, lens correction directly on to eyes, fluid dispensing from an endoscope.    ADVANTAGE - Multilayer structures can be formed with fewer processing steps, and with precise control. Enables precise handling of fluids in the microlitre to sub-picolitre range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows three deposition heads directed towards a coincident drop site on a print surface.    droplets (20)    deposition heads (22A,B,C)    drop site (24)    nozzles (28)    actuators (30)
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell production involves forming a pure chromium (III) oxide layer on a chromium-containing component using a gaseous reactant mixture of extremely low equilibrium oxygen partial pressure.    USE - Especially for coating a metallic chromium-containing connector plate of a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The Cr2O3 forms a stable, highly adherent, thick layer which prevents evaporation of chromium-containing compounds from the component surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high temperature fuel cell production process involves forming a chromium oxide layer onto a chromium-containing component by supplying a mixture of two gaseous reactants, one of which contains oxygen such that the mixture has a low equilibrium oxygen partial pressure (pO2) of below 10-6 bar, in a ratio and at a temperature (T) such that only Cr2O3 is formed. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (i) production of a high temperature fuel cell, in which a chromium oxide layer is applied onto a chromium-containing component surface by exposure to a mixture of two gaseous reactants under conditions such that, at the process temperature (T), the mixture is reducing towards CrO2 and CrO3 and is oxidizing towards metallic chromium at the component surface; and (ii) a high temperature fuel cell with a layer produced as described above. Preferred Features: The reactants are H2 and H2). The process temperature (T) is 500-1200 (especially 950) degrees .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagram of the variations of the standard Gibbs enthalpy values for different chromium oxides and the corresponding equilibrium oxygen partial pressures.    Standard Gibbs enthalpy (deltaG0)    ) Equilibrium oxygen partial pressure (p(O2)    Process temperature (T)
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell has a series resistance reducing layer on the anode-facing side of its interconnector plate.    USE - As a high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - The layer has the requisite high electrical conductivity, has high resistance to corrosion to oxygen partial pressures at the fuel gas side and is stable with respect to methane or other coal-derived gases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a high temperature fuel cell (2) with an interconnector plate (4) and an electrolyte-electrode unit (6), the interconnector plate (4) is provided, at its side facing the anode (8) of the electrolyte-electrode unit (6), with a layer (12) for reducing the series resistance of the cell. Preferred Feature: The layer is a 5-10 mu thick chromium carbide-containing layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (2)    Interconnector plate (4)    Electrolyte-electrode unit (6)    Anode (8)    Sputter deposited chromium carbide layer (12)
NOVELTY - In the production of a semiconductor wafer from a melt, the melt is exposed to an electric and/or magnetic field at least during the start of solidification.    USE - Especially for producing a silicon wafer for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The field causes directional crystal growth in the crystallizing melt to produce large crystal grains or an almost monocrystalline structure, so that a semiconductor wafer is produced in a simple and inexpensive manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a semiconductor wafer production apparatus which includes equipment (10, 12, 14) for applying an electric and/or magnetic field to a semiconductor melt (8) within a heated mould (2, 4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the apparatus.    Mould (2, 4)    Melt (8)    Electrical conductors (10)    Capacitor plates (12, 14)
The solar cell is produced by printing etch resisting coating on the transparent conducting ITO film on the glass substrate, etching away channels with YAG laser and etching ITO by a chemical process into four rectangles, depositing Pin non-crystalline silicon layer by plasma gas phase deposition, laser etching of channel, vacuum evaporation to coat aluminium layer, covering with paint, laser etching of channels, and finally eliminating etched aluminium electrodes and etch-resisting agent with phosphoric acid.
(CN1202540-A)      NOVELTY - The melted raw materials in the furnace is drawn out through a path in exit port to form a dendrite web (40) with two main surfaces (41). A solid doping material (33) in the path is heated to diffusion temperature and any one of main surfaces of dendrite web is exposed to dopant to form a diffusion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for diffusion layer forming apparatus.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since doping material is diffused appropriately on the dendrite web, gaseous diffusion is eliminated and diffusion layer formation is simplified. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the doping impurity diffusion layer formation method on dendrite web photoelectric cell. (33) Doping material; (40) Dendrite web; (41) Main surfaces.
NOVELTY - A coated object is produced by covering, particularly supercritical coating, a base having fine pores with a reactive product which is in intimate contact with the surface contour of the base and with which internal surfaces within the pores are coated, and optionally with part of the base removed.    USE - The coated objected produced are particularly capacitors, (photo) catalysts, oxide semiconductor electrode, pigment-enhanced solar cells, adsorbents and surface-shape reforming materials (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - After coating, the objected will have the properties of (photo) catalytic activity, adsorption characteristics, resistance to heat, chemicals and oxidation, (super)conductivity, strong magnetism, dielectric characteristics, photochemical functions (including reflection and absorption), and others.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A coated object is produced by covering, particularly supercritical coating, a base having fine pores with a reactive product which is in intimate contact with the surface contour of the base and with which internal surfaces within the pores are coated, and optionally with part of the base removed. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of supercritical coating the base comprising preparation of a solution of a reactive precursor in a supercritical fluid and contacting the base with such precursor liquid in the presence of a reaction initiator, with optionally removal of a part of the base.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Planar and side views of the produced active carbon Substrate.
NOVELTY - Single cell units of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are fabricated and sintered individually before being mechanically connected together in electrical series.    USE - As solid oxide fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - Individual cells can be examined for defects and replaced without permanently impairing the performance of the stack. Cells are low-cost and easily made.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An interchangeable and sintered single cell unit for assembly into and possible removal from a SOFC stack of mechanically connected cells comprises an anode sheet (12), the bottom of which provides a connective end and an anode-electrolyte-cathode composite sheet (16) with a shaped second anode sheet between the top of the first sheet and the anode of the composite. These sheets are bonded by sintering and have many flow channels (18) for a reactant gas. There is a cathode-interconnect-anode composite sheet (20) with the anode part comprising a second connective end and a shaped cathode sheet between the cathode portions of the two composite sheets, providing flow channels (14) for a second reactant gas as above and again being bonded by sintering.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A stack of cells is shown.    Anode sheet (12)    Flow channels (14,18)    Composite sheets (16,20)
NOVELTY - The highly rigid heat resistant aramid film has a Young's modulus of 700-2500 kg/mm2. The chlorine content in the cleaning extract of the film is 0.001-8 ppm.    In an example, PPTA (Poly-p-phenylene terephthalate) was dissolved in 99.8% sulphuric acid and cast on an endless belt. Moisture absorption process was simultaneously carried out and subjected to coagulation. The film was pulled out of the coagulating bath containing aqueous caustic soda solution. The film was then neutralised, cleaned and extended. The PPTA film obtained had a width of 500 mm, length of 300 meters and mean thickness of 25 m. The Young's modulus of the film was found to be 1540 kg/mm2, the chlorine content in the cleaning extract was found to be 0.01 ppm, the moist and heat resistance were found to be 24 ppm/80% RH, CTI (Comparative Tracking Index) was found to be 450, and the surface flatness of the film was found to be good.    USE -   For magnetic tape, in ink sheet for printers, as base film for solar batteries, as film for flexible printed circuits, electrical insulation, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Flatness of the film is not impaired. The high mechanical properties, elasticity, electrical insulation and adhesive force of the film are not reduced by wet heat process. Workability of the film is improved, and the film has high heat resisting property, high Young's modulus and good dimensional stability.
NOVELTY - A bottomless water cooled copper casting mold (3) holds the raw material containing silicon metal. Injected plasma gas (15) fuses the silicon, and SiO2 acting as oxidizing agent is supplied to the molten silicon surface. The coagulated refined silicon is removed from the non-bottom water cooled casting mold.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the silicon metal refiner. A plasma torch (5) for injecting the plasma gas is provided. The mold is configured within the melting chamber (2) and provided with the cast drawing apparatus (4).    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Semicontinuous casting is offered and highly pure metallic silicon is manufactured inexpensively. The concentration of boron and carbon impurities is reduced sharply.
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell has two components (4, 6) joined together by glass-solder and glass-ceramic layers (14, 16).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell with joined components such as two metallic connector plates or a metallic connector plate and the electrolyte of an electrolyte-electrode unit.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are crystallized on heat treatment to form a joint which is gas-tight joint, is highly electrically insulating, has long term chemical stability, exhibits little interaction with the components or fuel cell media (e.g. H2 and O2) and has high viscosity and thus pressure resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a high temperature fuel cell stack with high temperature fuel cells as described above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a high temperature fuel cell.    Fuel cell (2)    Components (4, 6)    Joint (8)    Joint layers (10)    Joint region (12)    Glass-solder layer (14)    Glass-ceramic layer (16)
NOVELTY - Novel catalytic apparatus has a thin layer (10, 10') formed of catalytic material through which the reaction mixture is passed under a pressure drop.    USE - To produce hydrogen, reduce carbon monoxide, oxidize carbon monoxide and burn a combustible feed.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus has a simple and compact structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the catalyst by pressing a thin layer of catalyst material (10, 10') forming a molded body.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the apparatus.    thin layer (10, 10') channels (12, 14, 14')
NOVELTY - Deposited plastic film having a thin metal or metal oxide layer formed on surface of coating layer.    USE - In transparent conductive sheet used in liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, electromagnetic shielding panels, touch panels, electroluminescent (EL) panels, color filters, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent adhesion between base film and deposit layer and excellent gas-barrier properties after boiling treatment or printing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A deposited film comprises a plastic film, a coating film and a deposit layer, the coating layer being formed on at least one surface of the plastic film and comprising a cured resin composition obtained by curing a resin comprising 6-80 wt.% oxazoline group-containing water-soluble polymer. The deposit layer comprises a metal and/or metal oxide and is formed on a surface of the coating layer.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a hydrogen permeable barrier layer combination consisting of a niobium (alloy) and/or tantalum (alloy) core layer, sandwiched between two palladium (alloy) outer layers.    USE - As a fuel cell which has a proton conductive electrolyte and which uses e.g. hydrogen, methanol or natural gas as fuel, e.g. a polymer membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The barrier layer combination has a high diffusion capacity for atomic hydrogen but impermeable to larger atoms and molecules, especially molecular hydrogen, water and methanol, so that it separates the anode gas space from the cathode gas space to prevent migration of fuel from the anode side to the cathode side through the electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view through a polymer membrane fuel cell.    Anode (10)    Cathode (12)    Electrolyte (14)    Electrolyte layers (16, 18)    Barrier layer combination (20)    Outer layers (22, 24)    Core layer (26)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using hydrogen and air is operated by supplying air to the air side electrode channels at a pressure below 5 psig and a channel velocity of 0.15-7.0 meters per second. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell having a hydrogen side electrode, an air side electrode, an electrolyte and diffuser/current collector plates for each electrode, is operated by: introducing hydrogen into gas carrying channels on the hydrogen side diffuser/current collector plate; passing the hydrogen to the electrode; introducing air at a pressure of 0.1-5 psig to an inlet for the air channels of the air side diffuser/current collector plate at a velocity of 0.15-7.0 meters per second; and maintaining a pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the air channels at 0.1-5 psi.    USE -   In operating H2/oxidant, preferably H2/air, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The method maximises net power from the cell. The overall pressure of the system is reduced to minimise parasitic losses while maintaining adequate airflow to remove water.
NOVELTY - A silicon oxide film (12) for crystallization promotion containing O-H bonds is formed on a glass substrate (11). A silicon film (13) is then formed on silicon oxide film by chemical vapor deposition. Crystal grain of the silicon film is enlarged by subsequent heating.    USE -   For manufacturing liquid crystal display and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes enlargement of mean diameter of silicon crystal grain.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows procedure for polysilicon film formation. (11) Glass substrate; (12) Silicon oxide film; (13) Silicon film.
NOVELTY - A sulphur concentration detector (1) is provided in the supply path of biogas, to a fuel battery (5). Hydrogen gas is fed to a desulphuriser (2) for further reduction of sulphur concentration. An adsorber (3) is provided adjacent to desulphuriser for removal of sulphur salts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system has desulphuriser, adsorber, modifier (6), transformer (7) in sequence. The completely desulphurised gas enters the battery. A hydrogen cylinder (18) is included to supply hydrogen gas to desulphuriser. The gas flow paths are controlled by a set of regulating valves (15,17,19).    USE -   For fuel battery using biogas plants.    ADVANTAGE -   Even a minor sulphur constituent is detected and gas supply is stopped immediately resulting in highly reliable power generation and efficiency. Enables long term dependability as operation is reliable. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of fermentation gas utilizing battery power generation. (1) Sulphur concentration detector; (2) Desulphuriser; (3) Adsorber; (5) Fuel battery; (6) Modifier; (7) Transformer; (15,17,19) Regulating valves; (18) Hydrogen cylinder.
NOVELTY - Reaction part (2) constituted by catalyst dispersed material, polyelectrolyte resin, and a dispersion medium of the base material is provided in contact with a polymer electrolyte film (1). The resulting polymer electrolyte film gas diffusion electrode (4) is processed by immersion and boiling in acidic solution such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid.    USE -   For manufacturing polymer electrolyte film reaction part contact piece for fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves proton conductivity of polyelectrolyte by replacing cation with proton thereby offering higher cell voltage current density characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts model diagram of a cross section of the polymer electrolyte film gas diffusion electrode. (1) Polymer electrolyte film; (2) Reaction part; (4) Gas diffusion electrode.
NOVELTY - A water gas reaction part pipe (7) is provided to connect modified reaction part (1) and water gas reaction part (3) and a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation part pipe (8) is provided to connect the water gas reaction part and CO oxidation part (4) both of which are supplied with combustion air feed pipes (9,10). The combustion air and modified gas are supplied to upstream side of water gas reaction part and CO oxidation part respectively. Supplement combustion parts (5,6) are provided to burn the modified gas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer (A) has modified reaction part (1) which forms modified gas and supplied with heat energy by main combustion part (2). A water gas reaction part (3) reduces the CO concentration in the modified gas. A CO oxidation part (4) further reduces CO concentration in modified gas by selective oxidation reaction. The modified reaction part and water gas reaction part are connected by a water gas reaction part pipe (7). The water gas reaction part and CO oxidation reaction part are connected by a CO oxidation part pipe (8). Air feed pipes (9,10) are provided to supply combustion air to at least one portion of water gas reaction part pipe and CO oxidation part pipe. The combustion air and modified gas are supplied to upstream side of water gas reaction part and CO oxidation part respectively. Supplement combustion parts (5,6) are provided to burn the modified gas.    USE -   For forming hydrogen enriched gas from alcoholic fuels such as hydrocarbon group gas, methanol group gas etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The ignition of reformer is raised. The quantity of NOx in waste gas due to combustion of modified gas or fuel is reduced. The reformer is compact.
NOVELTY - An original fuel which consists of formaldehyde and water vapor is subjected to a modified reaction followed by a steam reforming reaction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. A supply means supplies the original fuel from which a modifier forms hydrogen. A steam reforming reaction in the presence of a catalyst is subsequently performed.    USE -   None given.
NOVELTY - The opto-electric transducer consists of wavelength conversion layer containing 0.0001-5 vol.% of positive lanthanide ion with particle pitch of 7 or more. The wavelength conversion layer is laminated over a photoelectric conversion layer.    USE -   For solar battery and electrophotographic photoreceptor.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhances photoelectric conversion ability due to the presence of lanthanide ions which has fluorescent ability to convert UV radiation.
NOVELTY - A SiN anti-reflective film (20) is coated on InP light receiving face layer (16). A suppression film (17) containing semiconductor material free from 'P', is formed between the SiN film and the light receiving face layer to suppress the coming OFF of 'P' from the light receiving face layer.    USE -   For manufacturing photodiode, phototransistor or optoelectric transducer used in optical communication or solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents reflection of light reliably by anti- reflection coating. Prevents cloudiness or deterioration by presence of 'P' in light receiving face layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of light receiving device. (16) Light receiving face layer; (17) Suppression film; (20) Anti-reflective film.
NOVELTY - The laminated film has an ultraviolet absorption layer laminated on the surface of a thermoplastic film. The pencil hardness of lamination surface of the thermoplastic film is H or more.    USE -   For solar battery covers.    ADVANTAGE -   The laminated film has good weather resistance, transparency, scratch-proof property and flaw resistibility.
NOVELTY - An N-type diffusion layer (1C) is formed by diffusing the n-type impurity in the P silicon layer (1a) from the lower electrode (6) by heating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen ion implementation is carried out for depth of 5-10 micrometer to the roughened surface of the P-type single crystal silicon board (1). A lower electrode (6) is formed on the substrate (4) through the insulating layer (5). The surface of the silicon board is bonded on the surface of the lower electrode layer. The voids are formed by heat treating the silicon board. The silicon board is disconnected along the voids after heat treatment. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for thin film solar battery.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables formation of solar battery with rough n-type diffusion layer. Improves photoelectric conversion efficiency by using projected light effectively. Reduces cost by preventing waste of semiconductor crystal. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view showing manufacturing method of solar battery. (1) P- type single crystal silicon board; (4) Substrate; (6) Lower electrode; (1C) N-type diffusion layer.
NOVELTY - The substrate (1) of the solar battery is made of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, with roughness maintained on its surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of non-crystalline silicon thin film solar battery.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases utilization efficiency of light.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of non-crystalline silicon thin film solar battery. (1) Substrate.
NOVELTY - The substrate comprises of a stainless steel board base (1) with an insulating layer formed on its surface by sol-gel method. The insulating layer imparts minute roughness or waviness to the surface of the substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for insulated substrate manufacturing method.    USE -   In solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The insulating substrate increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar battery. Excels in moisture and heat resistance characteristics. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the insulated substrate. (1) Stainless steel board base.
NOVELTY - An n-type semiconductor layer (5) which consists of compound chosen from II-VI group is formed on semiconductor layer (4). A transparent electrically conductive film (7) is formed on the semiconductor layer (5). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A p-type semiconductor layer (3) which consists of compound chosen from I-III-VI2, I-III3-VI5 and I-III5-VI8 group is formed on a substrate (1). An n-type semiconductor layer (4) which consists of compound chosen from III, III-VI, III2-VI3 and III6-VI7 group is formed on the semiconductor layer (3).    USE -   For thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers thin film solar battery with efficient compound group. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of thin film solar battery. (1) Substrate; (3) p-type semiconductor layer; (4,5) n-type semiconductor layers; (7) Transparent electrically conductive film.
NOVELTY - Metal electrodes (2a,2b) are provided on both sides of an insulated substrate (1). Above the metal electrode layer (2a) is a laminated layer of amorphous silicon electricity generating layer (3) above which is a transparent electrode layer (4). On the transparent electrode layer is a thin oxide film of SiO or SiO2 (5) of refractive index lower than the transparent electrode layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent electrode layer is made up of indium oxide with tin (ITO) or zinc (IZO) and indium oxide, stannic oxide and zinc oxide.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The thickness of transparent electrode layer decides the utilization efficiency of incident light. Hence efficiency not reduced much and the colour is varied by varying the thickness of the transparent electrode layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This diagram shows various layers of an amorphous silicon solar battery. (1) Insulated substrate; (2a,2b) Metal electrodes; (3) Amorphous silicon electricity generating layer; (4) Transparent electrode layer; (5) SiO or SiO2.
NOVELTY - The secondary battery (10) has an internal circumference sealing (17a) provided in the circumference of the through-hole (14) formed in the centre section of the battery. It also has a periphery sealing material (17b) provided between the peripheral parts of the positive pole (15) and the negative electrode (16) of the battery.    USE -   For power supply of wrist watch.    ADVANTAGE -   Suppresses leakage or evaporation of electrolyte. Enables efficient charging and discharging of battery. The ratio of internal diameter of sealing material to outer diameter of sealing material is made such that sufficient volume is obtained within the secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a schematic representation of the secondary battery coupled with a solar battery. (10) Secondary battery; (14) Through-hole; (15) Positive pole; (16) Negative electrode; (17a) Internal circumference sealing material; (17b) Periphery sealing material.
NOVELTY - The pressure of gas is regulated so that reduction expansion coefficient of lanthanum chromite separator (1) is reduced to 0.1% or less. The pressure of gas is adjusted so that the fuel pole does not oxidise. The gas is supplied to the fuel pole (5) to regulate the battery operation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reduction expansion coefficient is expressed as (Lred-Lox)/(1+Lox), where Lred is coefficient of thermal expansion of lanthanum chromite at oxidizing agent side and Lox is coefficient of thermal expansion at heating gas side in operating temperature.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents performance degradation of battery due to swelling of lanthanum chromite separator. Prevents destruction of lanthanum chromite. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of fuel battery. (1) Lanthanum chromite separator; (5) Fuel pole.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery contains an oxidizing agent side pole (4) and a hot gas side pole (2). Gas with oxidisable matter which inhibits the fuel battery reaction is passed to hot gas pole. The oxidizable matter is oxidized at oxidizing agent side pole by supplying an oxygen content gas. A system for fluctuating the amount of oxygen content gas is provided in the battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (i) the operating method of the fuel battery. The fuel battery is operated at low temperature. During the addition of oxygen containing gas, the amount of gas is fluctuated periodically; (ii) for hydrogen manufacturing apparatus and its operation : The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus, manufacturing hydrogen enriched gas by electrolysis, has an electrolyte and a low concentration hydrogen gas side pole. An oxidizable element content gas, contacted at the low concentration hydrogen gas pole is oxidized by the supply of an oxygen content gas. Hydrogen rich gas is ejected at low temperature. The oxygen supply to the gas pole is fluctuated periodically by a system provided.    USE -   As portable power supply, emergency power source, for vehicles etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Oxygen containing gas is supplied periodically to the hot gas side pole or to the hydrogen gas pole. Hence sufficient amount of gas is supplied for the absorption of carbon monoxide from fuel gas. The carbon monoxide gas is oxidized and thereby catalyst poisoning is reduced. After oxidizing the carbon monoxide on the catalyst, the gas (oxygen containing gas) supply is stopped. Hydrogen consumption is limited to minimum extent, by keeping variation of cell voltage low. A fuel battery and / or an hydrogen manufacturing apparatus of increased efficiency are obtained. By keeping the time fluctuation width below 10% of the cell voltage or cell electricity, the consumption amount of gas with oxygen is minimized.
NOVELTY - A fuel electrode material grain (23) is produced by combining nickel zirconia composite particles (21) and polymer zirconia composite particle (22). The yttria stabilized zirconia grains (21b) are distributed over surface of nickel grain (21a). The mix ratio of polymer grain (22a) and yttria stabilized zirconia grains (22b) are adjusted to maintain required size of fuel electrode material grain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrode film formation method.    USE -   For solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in gas transparency, power generation and polarization characteristic. Improves film durability, by improving dispersion of nickel and zirconia grains. As thermal expansion differential coefficient between electrolyte film and fuel electrode is low at high temperature. Aids in developing desired inclination compounding ratio of fuel electrode in arbitrary and easy manner. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing depicts grain distribution structure of fuel electrode material. (21) Nickel zirconia composite particle; (21a) Nickel grain; (21b) Yttria stabilized zirconia grains; (22) Polymer zirconia composite particle; (22a) Polymer grain; (22b) Yttria stabilized zirconia grains.
NOVELTY - A hollow body (8) is provided with an oxygen and methanol feed zone (3,2) on one end, and a hydrogen gas outlet (4) on the other end. A reaction zone (6a) with the catalyst is provided inside the hollow body. A vaporization region (6b) is provided on the upper stream side of the reaction zone and vaporizes methanol due to the heat of the catalytic reaction.    USE -   For obtaining hydrogen gas used in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat of vaporization cools the reaction zone and prevents excessive temperature rise. The invert ratio of methanol to hydrogen gas is sharply raised, by uniform temperature distribution of the catalyst. Catalyst metal of limited quantity can be prepared in a large space with effective catalytic reaction.
NOVELTY - Small-diameter spheric solar battery cell SS (spheric semiconductor device) has spheric core (1), reflecting film (2), semiconductor thin film layer (p-type polycrystalline silicon thin film (4a) and n- diffusion layer (7)), n+-p junction (8) formed in semiconductor layer, passivation film (9), titanium oxide surface protection film (10) and electrodes connected to both poles of junction (8).    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for manufacturing the cell SS is also disclosed.    In addition to the cell SS, a spheric crystal manufacturing device, two kinds of spheric solar battery cells, two kinds of spheric photo catalyst elements, a spheric light emitting element which emits blue visible light, and two kinds of spheric semiconductor device materials are also disclosed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the spheric semiconductor device.    Spheric core (1)    Reflecting film (2)    p-type polycrystalline silicon thin film (4a)    n- diffusion layer (7)    n+-p junction (8)    Passivation film (9)    Titanium oxide surface protection film (10)
NOVELTY - Solar cells are produced in a continuous process by deposition of a copper-indium-sulfide layer onto a continuous flexible substrate strip by vacuum laser ablation of one or more targets.    USE - In continuous manufacture of thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - An efficient, continuous and reproducible process is provided in which a wide range of flexible substrates may be used and in which impurities in the starting material do not affect the composition of the deposited layer of copper-indium-sulfur material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar cells are manufactured by: continously supplying a flexible substrate strip from a roll to a vacuum deposition chamber; and depositing a layer of material on the substrate by vacuum pulsed laser ablation of targets of one or more of copper, indium, sulfur and gallium and alloys of these. The layer deposited is formed of CuInS2 in which the In may be (partially) replaced by Ga. An alloy of Cu-In-S may be used as a laser ablation target or separate targets may be used.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for purifying metallurgical grade silicon includes a container for holding molten silicon and one or more submergible torches for providing an oxygen-hydrogen flame surrounded by an inert gas to heat the molten silicon and to provide water vapor and the inert gas. The inert gas provides space for the flame and can also be used to carry silicon dioxide powder or other reactant products to the flame, and to generate turbulence within the molten silicon. The molten silicon is directionally solidified by providing the container in a coolant tank and controlling the coolant level with controllable valves so that further purification is achieved by segregating impurities.    USE - For efficiently purifying metallurgical grade silicon to produce solar grade silicon by a combination of stirring, slagging, reaction with moisture, oxidation, evacuation and reduction, and by directional solidification (claimed). Solar grade silicon is used in the manufacture of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Large amounts of metallurgical grade silicon can be efficiently processed to solar grade silicon with the cost effective removal of impurities, particularly boron and phosphorus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of purifying silicon comprising submerging an immersion heater in molten silicon and directionally solidifying.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the system for purifying metallurgical grade silicon.
NOVELTY - The membrane comprises a porous polymer substrate interpenetrated with an ion conducting material and is thermally stable up to 100 degrees C.    USE - The membrane is used in a fuel cell, e.g. a direct methanol fuel cell or a hydrogen / air fuel cell used to supply power to an electronic device, or in water electrolysis, chloralkali electrolysis, dialysis or electrodialysis, pervaporation, gas separation, recovering acids and bases from waste water or as an electrode separator in a battery.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane decreases the methanol crossover rate in a fuel cell and has a methanol permeation rate of less than 0.01 cc/sec in a direct methanol fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The auxiliary frame is inserted in an external frame (3) removably. A step (4) is formed around an opening (12) in the auxiliary frame, to support the outer edge of the glass substrate. A pair of recesses (6) are formed on opposing edges of external frame. The auxiliary frame is provided with upper stage and lower stage. A pair of projections (10,11) are formed at ends of the longitudinal direction of the step.    USE -   Used for thin film formation in manufacturing process of solar battery, liquid crystal panel and plasma display.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables mounting of auxiliary frame without fastener thus eliminating redesign of substrate conveyance tray. Reduces cost involved in modification of size of tray. Improves operativity of the worker sharply. Prevents crack of substrate and thus raises yield of product. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the substrate conveyance tray. (3) External frame; (4) Step; (6) Recess; (10,11) Projections; (12) Opening.
NOVELTY - The heat resistant synthetic resin film has a main thickness of 1-150 m. 0.005-1.0 wt% of inactive fine particles of mean particle diameter 5-150 nm is dispersed in the film with a degree of mean aggregation in the range of 1-100. The film has a roughness height (SRa) of 0.1-10 nm for a cut-off of 25 m. A positive and negative electrification part are dispersed on the film surface simultaneously so that an electrification pattern is formed.    The heat resistant resin is a polyimide resin or an aramid resin.     The film has a surface potential of 0V, a dynamic friction coefficient of 0.5 or less, a strength of 20-60 kg/mm2 , elasticity of 1000-2500 kg/mm2and a rate of heat shrinkage 2% or less at 200C.    USE -   As base film for magnetic tapes, amorphous silicon solar battery, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Thin film is formed stably without peeling or irregular surface.
NOVELTY - During isotropic heat processing of the ITO compact base material, coating of one or more substances such as indium, tin, indium oxide, tin oxide, indium-tin alloy and indium-tin complex oxide is carried out to suppress reduction.    USE -   ITO sintered compact is used as sputtering target during formation of ITO film used in transparent electrode of solar battery, actuation electrode of liquid crystal, electroluminescence display device, heat ray shield for glass pan, window shield.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduction of the processed substance is suppressed and the ITO sintered compact contains neither any reduced metal nor oxide. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram gives layout of hot isotropic heat treatment equipment.
NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a solar cell module (I) comprising a solar cell device (301) having one or more photovoltaic devices connected. The photovoltaic device having at least one semiconductor layer as a light converting member; a light-receiving surface side covering member having a transparent member of the topmost surface and an encapsulating material disposed between the transparent member and the solar cell device; and a non-light receiving surface side covering member having a reinforcing member (I) of the bottommost surface and an adhesive for adhering the solar cell device to (I). The adhesive is put between (I) and the solar cell device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross-section of solar cell module    solar cell device (301)    top encapsulating material (302a)    bottom encapsulating material (302b)    transparent member (303)    insulation sheet (304)    adhesive (305)    reinforcing plate (306)
NOVELTY - Three nitride semiconductor layers (5-7) with varying p-type impurity concentrations are formed on a barrier layer (4) sequentially. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The p-type impurity concentration of semiconductor layer (6) is comparatively less than that of semiconductor layer (5), while impurity concentration of the semiconductor layer (7) is higher than that of two semiconductor layers (5,6). The p-type impurity concentration of semiconductor layer (5) is between 1*1017-1*1020.    USE -   For light emitting element of LED, LD, solar battery, photosensor and other electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers texture of novel nitride semiconductor device, thereby increases output of LED and LD. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model sectional drawing of texture of LED element. (4) Barrier layer; (5-7) Semiconductor layers.
NOVELTY - The solar panel has a pair of glass plates (2a,2b). A solar battery cell (4) is attached to the internal surface of the glass plate (2b), using an adhesive tape (3). The periphery of the glass plates (2a,2b) is sealed by a sealing material (7) and inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or acrylic resin is filled into the hollow portion between the two glass plates as a filler (5).    USE - Installed in outer wall of residential building, arcade.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates usage of large sized laminator, since the large sized solar panel is made using filler and hence manufacturing cost is reduced. Is attached with barrier walls of a building thereby enabling effective utilization of space. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view of a double sided glass sandwich type solar panel. (2a,2b) Glass plate; (3) Adhesive tape; (4) Solar battery; (5) Filler; (7) Sealing material.
An aromatic polyimide film is 10-25 m thick and is made of a polyimide which is prepd. by reacting tetracarboxylic acid and aromatic diamine; the tetracarboxylic acid contains at least 15 mol% of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid or its bi-anhydride or ester; the aromatic diamine contains at least 5 mol% of phenylenediamine. The maximum surface roughness is up to 50 nm. The linear expansion coefficient is 5-20 multiplied by 10 to the minus 6th cm/cm/C. The stretching elasticity is at least 450 kg/mm2. The elongation is at least 15 %. The specific rupture resistance is 11-22 kg/20 mm/10 m. The volatile content is up to 0.5 wt.%.    A laminate is also claimed, which consists of the new aromatic polyimide film laminated with a conductive inorganic material layer; and solar cells are also claimed, which comprises an amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon layer and electrodes on a base of the new aromatic polyimide film.    USE -   As a base film of (amorphous) silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The new polyimide film has good bonding and punching out performance. The solar cell has good durability.
NOVELTY - A connection hole (7) is formed in a sequentially layered photo electric conversion layer (3) and an electrode layer (4). The layer (4) is formed above a transparent insulated substrate (1) through an electrode layer (2).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - New electrode layer (5) is formed in the connection hole and on the electrode layer (4). A laser beam (72) is irradiated on the electrode layer (5) to promote connection with the electrode layer (2).    USE -   For solar batteries used in consumer application, e.g. for calculator power supply unit.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents raise in series resistance in the connection of electrode layers. Crystallizes boundary of hole, by irradiating with laser beam.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross- sectional view of thin film solar battery. (1) Substrate; (2,4,5) Electrode layers; (3) Photoelectric conversion layer; (7) Opening.
NOVELTY - A fluorine group organic material (22a-22c) is coated on selected portions on a base (21). A vacuum thin film is deposited on the exposed surface of the base material. The thin film deposited on the coated film is removed using low molecular fluorine group organic solvent. The patterning of the deposited film (23) on the base is done.    USE -   For thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates need for chemical etching laser patterning thereby reducing capital investment and manufacturing cost. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of thin film solar battery cell pattern. (21) Base; (22a- 22c) Organic material; (23) Film.
NOVELTY - A silicate glass substrate (21) is accommodated inside an airtight container provided with reducing agent. A vacuum UV ray of wavelength of less than 130 nm from a light source (2) is condensed and irradiated on the substrate surface.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes silicon film generation due to reducing agent and irradiation by condensed vacuum UV ray. Si film is generated efficiently using simple process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows vacuum UV ray irradiation apparatus used in silicon film manufacture. (1) Reaction container; (2) Vacuum UV light source; (21) Silicate glass substrate.
NOVELTY - The sheet consists of ethylene copolymer containing organic peroxide. The organic peroxide contains dialkyl peroxide (A) and mixture (B) of alkyl peroxy ester and peroxy ketal blended such that the (A)/(B) weight ratio is between 10/90 and 90/10.    USE -   For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE -   Yellowing and swelling of the protection sheet is prevented and the productivity of solar battery module is improved. Excellent external appearance is obtained. Since time-dependent light transmission reduction is suppressed, high electricity generation efficiency is maintained for a long time.
NOVELTY - First semiconductor layer, constituted by In,Ga,Se,S and satisfying specific molecular formula, is layered on a substrate. A second semiconductor layer is laminated on the first layer. A buffer layer is arranged between the second semiconductor layer and transparent electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for semiconductor thin film manufacturing method.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Harmful Cd ejection is prevented. Film forming can be performed using vacuum devices, thus improves industrial standard.
NOVELTY - A Inx X1-x -MgX compound or Gax X1-x-MgX compound semiconductor thin film, where X is chosen from S, Se and Te, is formed between a semiconductor layer and a chalcopyrite structured transparent electrode layer of the solar battery, by sequentially depositing In or Ga, Mg and X.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing method of semiconductor thin film.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains optical collection efficiency. Increases industrial merit.
NOVELTY - The front and rear surfaces of a base material (1), is provided with flexible solar battery (10) and photocatalyst layer (5). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for roll type screen apparatus to wind and store battery sheet.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Generates electricity efficiently as solar battery is provided on both sides of base material. Enables electromotive effect and decomposition effect of contaminant by using battery and photocatalyst. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a front elevation of solar battery sheet. (1) Base material; (5) Photocatalyst layer; (10) Flexible solar battery.
NOVELTY - A rear electrode layer (4) is formed in a silicon layer, with silver as its main component, and palladium. The palladium content at the portion near a glass substrate (1), is lesser than that at the portion away from the glass substrate. The thickness of the electrode layer near and away from the substrate is 300 nm or less and 100 nm or less, respectively.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The sulfurization of silver is reduced, which increases photoelectric conversion efficiency. The battery suits for long term usage reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic representation of cross-section of the battery. (1) Glass substrate; (4) Rear electrode layer.
NOVELTY - A substrate is first treated with hydrogen, and then with raw material gas diluted to desired concentration for forming a polycrystalline Si thin film. The raw material gas comprises either of the compounds such as silicon hydride, silicon halide or a mixture of silicon, hydrogen and halogen element.    USE -   For solar battery and TFT.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves polycrystalline Si thin film forming efficiency by adding hydrogen to oxide layer of substrate for performing reduction process. Degradation in electrical property is reduced by making thin film free from impurity elements.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram in which the crystalline and amorphous silicon structures are depicted.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery has an intermediate layer (3) containing water and proton type ion exchange resin powder e.g. amberlite 200 C and IRC-50 formed between cathode and anode side solid polymer electrolyte films (1,2). The water content in the intermediate layer is made to flow and is absorbed by solid polymer electrolyte film.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Catalytic activity of anode is maintained, therefore deterioration of battery characteristics is prevented. The methanol which is not used for the reaction or fuel battery is receivable.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the methanol fuel battery. (1) Anode side solid polymer electrolyte film; (2) Cathode side solid polymer electrolyte film; (3) Intermediate layer.
NOVELTY - The fuel and oxygen are supplied to a fuel battery (51), thereby performing a chemical reaction. Gas ejected from the fuel battery is supplied to a combustor (52). Fluid containing oxygen, carbon and hydrogen atoms is also supplied to the combustor. The mixture supplied to the combustor is burnt. The fluid ejected from the combustor is then supplied to a CO2 separator (53) where carbon dioxide is separated from the fluid.    USE -   For thermal power plant.    ADVANTAGE -   The carbon dioxide is recovered efficiently without installing special separation apparatus. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the block diagram of electricity generator. (51) Fuel battery; (52) Combustor; (53) Carbon dioxide separator.
A desulfuriser (2) removes the sulfur content of an original hydrocarbon fuel. A modifier (6) reforms the desulfurized fuel to a reforming gas using abundant hydrogen. A CO transformer (7) reduces the carbon monoxide content of the reforming gas. A heat exchanger (1) reduces the temperature of the gas to a specified value. A recycle line (11) feeds a portion of the outlet gas to the front stage of the heat exchanger.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Suppresses generation of carbon precipitate. Recycles about 5% of battery outlet gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel battery. (1) Heat exchanger; (2) Desulfurizer; (6) Modifier; (7) CO transformer; (11) Recycle line.
NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) an enclosure of solar cells; and    (2) a process for installing an enclosure with solar cells by connecting to a collecting box inside a house through holes in the underlying or substrate material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows an example of an installed enclosure.    Solar cell modules (100)    Substrate (103)    Spacer (104)    Connecting member (110)
NOVELTY - The electrical resistance of a chromium steel component current connection, caused by an oxide corrosion film, is reduced by annealing the component at at least 950degreesC and removing any resulting oxide layer before use.    USE - For treating conductive chromium steel components for use in an oxidizing atmosphere at at least 500degreesC, preferably as cathode current collectors of molten carbonate fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - After treatment, the chromium steel component forms, during use in a high temperature oxidizing atmosphere, a new oxide film which exhibits a tenfold reduction in electrical resistance but the same corrosion resistance compared with an untreated component of chromium steel of the same composition.
NOVELTY - In a solar cell a pattern of electrodes (10, 17) is connected to silicon elements (18), and a transparent protective layer (16) are provided on a carrier strip (1).    USE - As solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell unit has high flexibility and is easy to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell unit (19) has a carrier strip (1) and connecting solar cells based on amorphous silicon electrically coupled to each other. A pattern of electrodes (10, 17) is connected to silicon elements (18), and a transparent protective layer (16) are provided on a carrier strip (1).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is the production of the solar cell unit comprising:    (1) applying a pattern of first electrodes (10) on the carrier strip at distances from each other;    (2) applying coverings (11, 12) with free spaces for the first electrodes (10);    (3) depositing amorphous silicon layers on the surfaces of the first electrodes (10) forming silicon elements;    (4) applying a pattern of second electrodes (17) on a transparent protection foil (16); and    (5) applying the foil to the silicon elements (18) forming contacts between silicon elements (18) and second electrodes (17).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the solar cell unit.    Carrier strip (1)    First electrodes (10)    Coverings (11, 12)    Transparent protective foil (16)    Second electrodes (17)    Silicon elements (18)
NOVELTY - A solar battery (2) is arranged in the air space formed between glass plates by providing spacer inbetween them. A parallel track is formed in the air space to that of a dummy solar battery (3) is connected to the solar battery (2). An extraction electrode of the solar battery (2) is connected to an extraction electrode (20) of the dummy solar battery (3). The output of the solar battery is guided through the parallel track formed in the air space.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves dependability of solar battery. Improves appearance of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plan view of connection state of solar battery and dummy solar battery. (2) Solar battery; (3) Dummy solar battery; (20) Extraction electrode of dummy solar battery.
NOVELTY - A pair of circular solder plating layers (2a, 2b) are formed on one or both sides of a copper board (1).    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The flow of solder in silver plated area of silicon wafer is prevented, thereby improving electricity generation efficiency. The contact resistance is reduced and electric power is generated with high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the soldering line arrangement for solar batteries. (1) Copper board; (2a, 2b) Solder plating layers.
NOVELTY - An ozoniser (25) is provided outside a hermetic or ends release type sintering furnace (10) where a mixture (17) of tin oxide and indium oxide compact is sintered. A vessel (33) which guides the ozone from the ozoniser to the sintering furnace is connected between the ozoniser and the furnace.    USE -   For manufacture of sintered compact employed in liquid crystal displays and electroluminescence solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Manufactures high density ITO sintered compact. Enables stable oxidation atmosphere inside furnace even if sintering is prolonged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows block diagram of sintering apparatus. (10) Airtight sintering furnace; (17) Mixture of tin oxide and In oxide compact; (25) Ozoniser; (33) Vessel.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery accumulated with cells (1) is equipped with an air pole (3) and a fuel pole (4) which are provided on both sides of a polyelectrolyte film (2), through a separator (11). The separator has a gas supply slot (5a) and a gas supply manifold (7a). The channel depth or groove width of gas supply slot which is facing the fuel pole is decreased towards gas outlet portion from the inlet portion.    USE -   For polyelectrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The flooding of water to the side of fuel pole is suppressed thereby stabilizing the operation of fuel battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the cross section view of cell containing the fuel and air poles structure. (1) Cell; (2) Polyelectrolyte film; (3) Air pole; (4) Fuel pole; (5a) Gas supply slot; (7a) Gas supply manifold; (11) Separator.
NOVELTY - The poly electrolyte consists of a double layered negative electrode catalysed layer. A platinum layer is formed on inner side of polymer electrolyte film. Another layer (4) containing platinum and ruthenium, is formed on outer side of polymer electrolyte film.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The usage of futility catalyst which does not participate in the reaction is reduced. The utilisation of catalyst is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the cross section of negative electrode catalyst layer and solid poly electrolyte layer. (4) layer.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte layer (40) is arranged between a catalyst layer (30) and a solid electrolyte film (20). The total thickness of electrolyte and solid electrolyte film ranges between 5-50 m. The solid electrolyte film and the electrolyte layer are formed of same material.    USE -   For solid polymer fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   High quality cell for fuel battery is obtained. Pin holes and damages on solid electrolyte film are prevented since the electrolyte layer and solid electrolyte film are not in agreement with each other. Improves operativity in a non- humidified atmosphere. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts sectional view of cell for solid polymer type fuel battery. (20) Solid electrolyte film; (30) Catalyst layer; (40) Electrolyte layer.
NOVELTY - A transparent electrically conductive film (6) is selectively formed on a plastic substrate (1). An amorphous silicon film (7) which serves as solar battery element, is formed on a portion of the transparent electrically conductive film by CVD technique. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for LCD element manufacturing method.    USE -   For calculator, clock.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the LCD and solar battery elements are formed on the same substrate, space is reduced, hence number of parts and manufacturing process is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of LCD element mounted with solar battery element. (1) Plastic substrate; (6) Transparent electrically conductive film; (7) Amorphous silicon film.
Purification of fuel feedstream involves: (a) reforming the feedstream and (b) separating carbon dioxide from the feedstream with a nonporous, carbon dioxide selectively permeable membrane to leave a feedstream enriched in hydrogen. Also claimed are (1) a system for converting a fuel feedstream to hydrogen rich and COx deficient feedstream comprises a reformer, a water gas shifter and a carbon dioxide selective membrane reactor, and a methanator; (2) A composition comprises a hydrophilic polymer and 10-80 wt.% ammonium halide salt(s) of formula R4N+X-, where R = hydrogen or 1-4C alkyl, X = fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide; and (3)The production of the nonporous membrane involves forming a casting solution of solvent, hydrophilic polymer and ammonium halide salt(s), casting the solution on a substrate and evaporating the solvent.    USE -   For use in purification of fuel feedstream e.g. of gasoline, diesel or methanol, and production of hydrogen enriched fuel useful for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon dioxide selective membrane avoids the need for a compressor and can be carried out on board a vehicle.
A process for preparing a pitch foam with microcellular structure and uniform pore size comprises: (a) pressing pitch, (b) placing the pressed article in a pressure vessel, (c) introducing an inert gas under a pressure of 200-500 psi, (d) heating the pressed article to 10-40C. above the melting temperature of the pitch, (e) introducing additional inert gas, under pressure, to obtain a final pressure of 1,000-1,500 psi, (f) holding for 10-40 minutes, (g) venting the vessel to atmospheric pressure to provide a porous foam, (h) stabilising the foam at an elevated temperature in an oxygen-containing environment, and (i) cooling to ambient temperature at a cooling rate of about 0.1-5C per minute.    USE -   Pitch foams are used as coatings, soil aerators, humidity regulators and insulators in the building industry. Carbon and graphite foams are used in structural and non-structural applications including core material to replace aluminium in honeycomb panels, composite mandrels or tooling, sound insulation around engine casings, support structures for satellite antennae and core materials for safety fuel cells, liquid fuel tanks and heat exchangers.
NOVELTY - The substrate has a base (1) made of reflection prevention glass. A transparent electrically conducting skin layer (4) is formed on the base. The skin layer consists of oxidised tin formed on the internal surface (3) of the base and the skin layer has a grain size of 0.1-1 micrometre.    USE -   For solar batteries. Also used as low radiation material in refrigerator windows, liquid crystal shading windows.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the skin layer has a uniform fine structure, the electrical property is superior. The solar batteries manufactured using the substrate generates high electricity efficiently. Since the solar battery is directly formed by forming a silicon layer on the substrate, the constitution of a resin layer is not required and hence the manufacturing cost is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing represents glass substrate. (1) Glass base material ; (2) Outside surface ; (3) Internal surface ; (4) Transparent conductivity skin layer.
NOVELTY - Solution of vanadium oxide (III) and sulphuric acid of 80% or more concentration is heated at 140 - 260 C. Solid vanadium sulphate (III) obtained is recovered from the reaction solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of sulphuric acid aqueous solution of vanadium sulphate (III) which involves dissolving obtained vanadium sulphate (III) in 5-50% sulphuric acid aqueous solution by heating.    USE -   For electrolyte of redox battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Vanadium sulphate (III) is obtained easily at high yield and at high purity.
NOVELTY - A reaction receptacle (5) containing silicon tetrachloride in gaseous or liquid state is reduced by molten zinc (8). The mixture (7) of polycrystalline silicon and polycrystalline zinc chloride so obtained are supplied to a separation receptacle (10), where zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is separated. The polycrystalline silicon thus recovered is collected from the lower part of the separation receptacle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacturing method of zinc chloride.    USE -   For semiconductor, solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   A closed cyclic stable process resulting in the formation of good quality polycrystalline silicon and zinc chloride are enabled.
Hydrogen (7), oxygen (6) or deuterium with small amount of tritium are supplied to hydrogen-oxygen fuel battery (9). Light water (12) with very few rate of heavy water content is synthesized.    USE -   For analysis of low concentration tritium.    ADVANTAGE -   A safe method for synthesis of light water is offered.
NOVELTY - A catalyst receptacle has an inner and outer cylinder (3,5) in a coaxial position with a catalyst layer (1) inbetween. A heater is provided in the inner portion to heat the catalyst layer. Fuel like hydrocarbon is guided into the receptacle, so that a reforming gas with high hydrogen concentration is obtained by steam refining. Several heat transfer fins (2A) are provided on the inner cylinder in an axial direction to the wall surface. The ratio of the length and height of the fins is 6 or less.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal stressing of the fins is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the catalyst receptacle of the modifier. (1) Catalyst layer, (2A) Heat transfer fin, (3,5) Inner and outer cylinder.
NOVELTY - A calculator (2) estimates the cell voltage when refilling the electrolyte ullage and the electrolyte ullage which varies with respect to variation in quantity and cell voltage. The electrolyte consumption amount and the refilling amount of electrolyte are calculated based on the information recorded in a recording device (1). Based on the calculated results, the service conditions and the shut down period are set up and the refilling quantity of electrolyte corresponding to the electrolyte ullage is estimated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel battery stack has a cell constituted by an oxygen pole and a fuel pole with a separator inbetween, formed on respective side of an electrolyte substrate. Fuel is poured between the separator and the fuel pole. A gas of oxidizing agent is passed into a gas passage formed between the separator and the oxygen pole. The amount of fuel which changes with respect to time, the amount and the flow rate of gas passed into gas passage, operating pressure, load current density, cell voltage, battery temperature and the refilling amount of melted carbonate electrolyte into the cell are recorded in the recording device.    USE -   For melted carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Calculates amount of electrolyte during refilling, quantitatively. Enables stable and prolonged operation of battery by using proper amount of electrolyte. Sets up suitable operation program, by estimating cell voltage exactly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates structure of fuel battery. (2) Recording device; (3) Calculator.
Carbon monoxide is removed from a hydrogen-rich gas by passing the gas through a scavenger material selected from: mixed oxides of manganese and copper optionally combined with mixed oxides of silver, nickel, iron, chromium and tin; SnO2-CuO mixed oxide gels; and mixtures of these. The carbon monoxide is selectively oxidised.    Also claimed is a fuel cell system.    USE -   In a fuel cell system (claimed) in which the carbon monoxide-free hydrogen-rich stream is supplied as fuel to the anode compartment.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide concentration in the stream can be reduced to below 5 ppm so that fuel cell performance is not degraded.
A separator for fuel cells comprises a moulded article of an electrically conductive carbon powder and a high molecular compound. The conductive carbon has an aspect ratio of 4-60, particularly 10-30.    Preferably the high molecular compound is 1 or a mixture of 2 or more selected from thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and rubbers. The moulded article is made from 100 pts.wt. an electrically conductive carbon powder and 10-60 pts.wt. the polymer. Such separator forms an oxidant gas or fuel gas supply duct on 1 or both of its surfaces.    USE -   The separators are used in fuel cells e.g. as power generating devices in offices and workshops.    ADVANTAGE -   The separators have high electrical conductivity, gas-barrier properties with little gas leakage, strength, efficiency in electricity generation and improved safety and are simply produced. They are free of problems inherent in the prior-art products such as giving off noise during power generation.
An ultraviolet light stabilization additive for use in an encapsulant comprises two hindered amine light stabilizers providing thermal oxidative and photo-oxidative stabilization respectively.    Also claimed are: (i) a solar cell module comprising at least one solar cell having a transparent encapsulant on at least one surface comprising a polyethylene copolymer and the stabilization package above, a transparent front support and a back skin layer at a rear surface of the encapsulant. (ii) a transparent laminated member comprising front and rear supports and the stabilized transparent encapsulant layer above. (iii) a method of making a solar cell module (40) comprising positioning the encapsulant layer (10) above on the solar cell and placing them between a front support (26) and back skin layer (28) as above. (iv) a method of making a transparent laminate as above comprising placing the encapsulant above between two support layers and laminating.    USE -   For solar cell modules and in laminate glass applications for windscreens on automobiles and architectural glass    ADVANTAGE -   The problems of using EVA are avoided and the material is non-tacky, non-yellowing and easy to handle. A UVA absorber is not needed nor a phenolic antioxidant.
An encapsulant comprises a layer of metallocene polyethylene sandwiched between two layers of an acid copolymer of polyethylene.    Also claimed are:    (i) a solar cell module comprising solar cell(s) (22), a transparent encapsulant (10) which is adjacent to a surface of the cell, a light-transmitting front support layer (26) adjacent to a front surface of the encapsulant and a back skin layer (28) adjacent to a rear surface of the encapsulant.    (ii) a laminated transparent member comprising front support layer, encapsulant layer and rear support layer as above.    (iii) a method of making the encapsulant above comprising placing layers of the acid copolymer adjacent to a sheet of metallocene polyethylene.    (iv) a method of making a solar cell module comprising placing the encapsulant above adjacent to one surface of a solar cell and positioning them between a front support and backskin layer.    (v) a method of making a laminated transparent member comprising forming the encapsulant above, placing between two support layers and laminating to encapsulate the support layers with the encapsulant.    USE -   As solar cells and encapsulants for solar cells, laminated glass for windscreens, architectural glass and other applications    ADVANTAGE -   The encapsulant has greater mechanical strength and puncture resistance and gives and increase in cell short circuit current. Bond strength is good and sealing effective, the material is not tacky and does not need special storage.
NOVELTY - An electrode (12) extends outside the light receiving surface of a solar battery cell (10). A cooling pipe (28) containing coater is provided on the extended portion (15), to bring down the temperature of solar battery.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the entire solar battery is cooled uniformly, recombination loss is also minimized and the electricity generation efficiency of the cell is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery module. (10) Solar battery cell; (12) Electrode; (15) Extended portion; (28) Cooling pipe.
A macromolecular electrolyte is a crosslinking polymer obtd. by crosslinking a crosslinking polymer having a structure of formula -(X-N(Y))n- (I) and contains a 10-100 wt.%-crosslinking polymer having 10 wt.% or more of a water-insoluble portion at room temp. X = a divalent gp. of -CO-CFZ-SO2-, or -SO2-CFZ-CO; Z = a fluorine atom, or CF3; Y = an atom selected from a hydrogen atom and divalent of more of a metal atom; 50-98% of Y = a hydrogen atom; 2-50% of Y = divalent or more of a metal; n = 2 or more.    USE -   The new macromolecular electrolyte is used in a proton conduction type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular electrolyte has high proton conductivity. The resulting fuel cell has low decrease in voltage caused by over-voltage, and has superior performance to that afforded by conventional materials, and has synthesis easier than that of the conventional materials.
NOVELTY - The battery has a positive electrode with a catalyst to carry out selective electrochemical reduction of oxygen. The negative electrode has a catalyst for electrochemical oxidation of methanol.    USE -   For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduction of output due to crossover of methanol to positive electrode is eliminated. Offers stabilized output for long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph representing the time dependent characteristic view of fuel battery.
NOVELTY - A photoresist (11) is applied on an insulating board (10) and patterning is carried out such that it remains in particular portion of the insulating board. An electric conductive film such as indium tin oxide film (12) is coated on the pattern. After wet etching of the film, the photoresist is removed.    USE -   For liquid crystal displays, solar batteries, plasma display device, electroluminescence element.    ADVANTAGE -   The production yield is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional drawing of the insulating board in the formation steps of the conductive film. (10) Insulating board; (11) Photoresist; (12) Indium tin oxide film.
NOVELTY - The method involves anodic oxidation of titanium substrate (5) with an aqueous electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution contains an acetate of glycerophosphate, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition or a non- transition metal (1). The metal is chosen from Y, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, Po, La and Ce.    USE -   In the manufacture of photocatalysts, photogalvanic cells and solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Titanium oxide skin layers containing a desired metal can be formed easily at room temperature. The film forming velocity is increased.
A special steel current collector (6), for the cathode of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack, has an aluminium or aluminium alloy coating (14) on one or both sides. Preferably, the coating (14) at the cathode-facing side is absent from the contact areas (12) with the cathode (2). The special steel preferably contains 5-16 wt.% CR, 3-12 wt.% Co and 0.2 wt.% Al, Y, Ti and/or Ce. Also claimed is production of the above current collector by aluminium or aluminium alloy coating of one or both sides of a perforated special steel sheet which has been bent to form gas supply spaces.    USE -   As cathode current collector for a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC).    ADVANTAGE -   The aluminium (alloy) coating rapidly forms a protective aluminium oxide layer for effective corrosion protection of the underlying special steel sheet, thus preventing continuous oxide layer growth on the special steel and resulting electrolyte losses.
An electrode catalyst powder is produced by a method comprising: (i) adding an oxidizing agent to an aqueous solution of a platinum complex compound to form a colloidal solution of an oxide of the platinum complex compound, (ii) adjusting the pH of the solution to not less than six, and depositing the colloidal particles onto an electrically conductive carbon powder. Also claimed is the above method wherein a solution of ruthenium chloride is added after adjusting the pH so as to form colloidal particles of ruthenium in it.    USE -   For phosphoric acid fuel cell or a polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   More highly concentrated platinum solutions are used than previously.
The composite glass solder (8) contains 70-95 wt.% of a glass component (10) and 5-30 wt.% of a metal oxide-containing further component, preferably magnesium oxide (MgO) in the form of grains of up to 10 m, preferably less than 5 m size and is used to join metallic and/or ceramic structural elements (2, 4). The glass component (10) contains (wt.%): 35-60 silica (SiO2); 8-15 alumina (Al2O3); 15-30 barium oxide (BaO); 10-20 boron oxide (B2O3); and up to 15 MgO.    Also claimed is a high temperature fuel cell in which the above glass solder is used.    USE -   Used for joining two metal or ceramic elements together or for joining a metal element to a ceramic element (claimed), especially in a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The glass solder produces thin joints of 200 m, especially about 50 m thickness and contains only about half the usual quantity of further component, this further component having a much smaller size than in prior art, i.e. less than 10 m compared with about 100 m, so that the glass solder has a sufficiently low viscosity for compensation of length and volume changes of the joined elements during high temperature operation. Additionally, the glass solder exhibits sufficient crystal formation to ensure a satisfactory linear thermal expansion coefficient, has high temperature resistance, gas impermeability and corrosion resistance and is electrically insulating even at high temperature.
A method of making a ceramic powder (22), for producing the ion conductive electrolyte of a high temperature fuel cell, involves (A) mixing a metal alcoholate solution (12) and a metal salt solution (13) and adding water to form a gel (14); (B) thermally decomposing the gel to form a xerogel (18); (C) pulverizing the xerogel to a ceramic powder (22); and (D) calcining the powder (22). Also claimed is a high temperature fuel cell with an electrolyte produced by the above method, the electrolyte preferably containing 8-13 mol% of one or more of scandium oxide (Sc2 O3 ), yttrium oxide (Y2 O3 ) and ytterbium oxide (Yb2 O3).    USE -   The method is used for powder spraying, preferably plasma spraying (claimed), especially for ceramic electrolyte powder application onto an electrode for producing an electrolyte-electrode unit of a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The resulting electrolyte has 50% higher ion conductivity than electrolytes produced by conventional methods without degradation of aging properties, the ion conductivity being maintained during use for a few thousand hours.
Production of an insulating ceramic component (8) for a high temperature fuel cell is carried out by (a) casting a dispersion of the ceramic material and a water soluble binder to form a preferably 500-800 thick water-containing layer (20); (b) converting the layer (20), preferably at 80-140C for 2-10 hrs., to form a rubber-like layer (26); (c) burning out the binder from the layer (26), preferably at 200-600C for 1-4 hrs.; (d) consolidating the layer (26), preferably at 1400-1600C for 60 hrs.; and (e) subjecting the consolidated layer (30) to machining to the component dimensions and dense sintering, preferably at 1500-1800C for 60 hrs. Also claimed is a high temperature fuel cell with an insulating component made by the above process.    USE -   Especially for producing an insulating magnesium aluminate spinel frame for positioning between the adjacent interconnector plates of a high temperature fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is simpler and less expensive than prior art processes involving direct deposition on an interconnector plate or machining of a pressed and sintered plate.
Production of Si granulate having a Cl contaminant of 50 wt.-ppm comprises depositing elemental Si on Si particles in a fluidised bed reactor having a heating and a reaction zone. The Si particles are fluidised to a fluidised bed in a heating zone using an inert Si-free carrier gas, heated using microwave energy and then subjected in the reaction zone to a reaction gas comprising Si source gas and a carrier gas. The average temperature of the reaction gas in the reaction zone lies 900C as it flows through the fluidised Si particles.    USE -   In the production of electronic components and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Si Granulate containing 50 wt.-ppm Cl is produced.
Membrane electrode assembly (100) has an ion exchange membrane (130) between a pair of porous electrode layers (140), a quantity of electrocatalyst disposed at the interface between the ion exchange membrane and the electrode layers to define an electrochemically active area, and a resilient fluid impermeable seal (110) integral with the electrode assembly formed by sealant material impregnated into the sealing regions of the porous electrode layers.    Also claimed: (1) are the making of the electrode assemblies by moulding curable sealant material on the edge portions of the assembly in a mould; and (2) the method in which curable sealant is injected into sealing regions of a membrane assembly which are subsequently cut through.    USE -   Used in electrochemical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows the membrane electrode assembly to be produced in roll form and subsequently cut and sealed, or sealed and cut, into individual assemblies with integral resilient seals, reducing the number of separate components.
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) pastes or gels are prepared by mixing and dissolving a polymeric PBI powder in an acid solution.    Also claimed are: (i) a PBI paste or gel having a phosphoic acid solution content of 70-99 wt. % and about 0.01-30 wt. % PBI; (ii) the PBI paste or gel; (iii) a fuel cell, optionally comprising a fabric coated with the paste or gel; (iv) a polymeric fabric or film coated with the paste or gel; and (v) a method for preparing an electrode for use in fuel cells comprising coating the electrode with the paste or gel.    USE -   The PBI paste/gel useful as electrolyte in fuel cells, especially chlorine-resistant cells, or in the preparation of adhesives.    ADVANTAGE -   Has improved electrochemical properties compared to prior art electrolytes.
A fuel cell power plant (I) comprises:    (a) a fuel cell including anode and cathode sections;    (b) an electrochemical auto-thermal reformer including a reforming region, a mixed ion conductor membrane or metal or alloy membrane and an anode supply region separated from the reformer region by the membrane; and    (c) an anode gas loop for circulating a mixture including hydrogen and a carrier gas between the anode section and the anode supply region.    Also claimed is a plant as (I) and further including:    (a) means for exhausting and burning excess hydrogen from the reformer region;    (b) means for feeding hydrogen fuel to the reformer region; and    (c) means for controlling the fuel feed responsive to the burning means.    USE -   Used within a power plant.    ADVANTAGE -   The invention provides pure hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel to a fuel cell.
Transition metal phthalocyanine derivatives of formula (I) are new. M = Ru, Rh, Os, Ir or Pt; X = H, alkyl, alkoxy, OH, optionally substituted aryl, alkylthio, ether, thioether, amino or mono- or di-substituted amino; or adjacent X's may together form -C4H4(Y)n- or ortho-phenylene substituted by (Y)n: Y = alkyl, alkoxy, OH, optionally substituted aryl, alkylthio, ether, thioether, amino or mono- or di-substituted amino; n = 0-4; R, R' = a first bonding ligand (L1) incorporating a functional group which permits bonding to TiO2 or other semiconductor to be sensitised and can conduct an electron from an excited state of the phthalocyanine structure to the conduction band of titanium dioxide or other semiconductor when bonded; or a second ligand (L2) which does not labilise the bond between M and L1; provided that at least 1 of R and R' = L1; Q = N or CZ; Z = H or Y; provided that at least 1 of X, Y and Z is other than H. Also claimed are a dye solar cell in which the dye comprises (I); and an optically transparent device incorporating the cell.    USE -   (I) are useful as photosensitisers for semiconductors in dye solar cells. Compounds which absorb solar radiation in the near infra-red may be used in electricity generating windows. Some metallised phthalocyanines are useful as photosensitisers in the treatment of tumours, but no specific reference is made to the use of (I) for this purpose.    ADVANTAGE -   (I) show significantly improved performance compared with prior art phthalocyanine-type sensitisers. E.g. using a film with (I) grafted to oxide surfaces through axially attached ligands, in a sandwich type cell configuration, in conjunction with a 1M LiI/0.05 M LiI redox electrolyte, photocurrents over 10 mA/cm2 were readily obtained under simulated solar radiation.
Production of H2 containing concentrations of CO and CO2 below a given level involves reacting steam with alcohol and/or hydrocarbon vapour at 200-600C and at least two atmospheres pressure. The reaction is performed near a H2-permeable and H2-selective membrane so that the H2 and the CO and CO2 above the given concentration level permeate the membrane. The permeate is contacted with a methanation catalyst at 200-600C so that the CO and CO2 are converted to CH4. A stream of H2 containing a reduced level of CO and CO2 is withdrawn from the catalyst bed.    Also claimed is a steam reformer comprising a tubular H2-permeable and H2-selective membrane (54); a first bed (62) containing a reforming catalyst and surrounding (part of) the membrane; an inlet (30) for H2O, alcohol and hydrocarbon vapours; an outlet (38) for releasing reforming byproduct gases; an element for heating the first bed to 200-600C; a second bed (56) on the permeate side of the membrane containing a methanation catalyst; and an outlet (14) for withdrawing H2.    USE -   The purified hydrogen@ is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   No separate hydrogen purification apparatus is required.
NOVELTY - A nitride semiconductor layer and a barrier layer are formed on the upper surface of a semiconductor substrate. The active layer edge surface opposing the nitride semiconductor device is in accord with cleavage plane (M) of nitride semiconductor substrates having crystal indices as (11-00). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also mentioned for describing the manufacturing method of semiconductor device.    USE -   E.g. in LED, photosensor, solar battery, transistor, laser element, for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates to obtain semiconductor component with resonance surface. Facilitates to obtain semiconductor component with less lattice defects. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts unit cell diagram indicating crystal structure of nitride semiconductor device.
NOVELTY - A conductive substrate (10) is coated with ester solution containing organic metal salts of I and III group elements such that Cu-In acetate solution film (40) is formed on the substrate. The substrate with film is then heat treated in an oxidising atmosphere to form Cu-In-O film (41). The substrate with oxide layer is further heat treated in reducing atmosphere containing VI group elements like sulphur to form Cu-In-S2 film (42). A CdS film and a transparent electrode film (44) are formed on Cu-In-S2 film, by sputtering. Au electrode terminal (50) is then formed on the transparent electrode film.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Solar battery with high transformation is manufactured at low cost. The pressure of oxygen in the film for burring the lattice defect of thin layer is achieved thereby attaining optimisation of carrier density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the structure of solar battery manufacture. (10) Conductive substrate ; (40) Cu-In acetate solution film ; (41) Cu- In-O film ; (42) Cu-In-S2 film ; (44) Transparent electrode film ; (50) Au electrode terminal.
NOVELTY - The battery has a solid polyelectrolyte which contains alcohols and water besides methanol. The methanol used is a monohydric alcohol such as 2-propanol, 1-butanol or a dihydric alcohol or a trihydric alcohol.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The use of a solid polyelectrolyte, reduces dissolution of methanol and therefore controls the movement of methanol to anode. Moreover, even if the anode does contact alcohols other than methanol, the catalytic activity of the electrode is prevented and therefore battery characteristics are not affected. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows a comparison between methanol fuel batteries.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery which supplies electric power by the electrochemical reaction of methanol, has two sheets made of solid polyelectrolyte layers. An acidic aqueous solution is made to flow between the two sheets of the polyelectrolyte.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid polyelectrolyte layers prevent movement of methanol to anode and therefore the catalytic activity of anode is maintained and deterioration of a battery characteristic is prevented. Unused methanol is carried out and reused. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents the cross- sectional view of methanol fuel battery.
NOVELTY - Methane fermentation of the organic cordierite that includes organic waste water, organic sludge is performed in a digester (1) using anaerobic microorganism. A gas separation membrane (2) is permeable to high concentration methane gas generated by the digester. Another gas separation membrane (3) is permeable to carbon dioxide and retains methane. Methane from the separation membrane (3) is circulated to the membrane (2) and used by fuel battery. Carbon dioxide from both the gas separation membranes is transferred to high concentration carbon dioxide holder (19).    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Fuel capacity supplied to fuel batteries can be increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the systematic diagram showing recovery of methane gas. (1) Digestor; (2,3) Gas separation membranes; (19) High concentration carbon dioxide gas holder.
NOVELTY - The separator has a receptacle (21) which is provided with a supply opening (22) to receive water and steam in two phases. A gaseous phase ejection opening (23) and a cooling water outlet opening (26) are provided at top and bottom surface of the receptacle. The internal surface of receptacle has a section to separate the two phases.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The space occupied by the fuel battery in packed condition is lowered by the utilisation of internal surface of receptacle as separation section for the two phases. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram gives the vertical sectional view of the separator. (21) Receptacle; (22) Supply opening; (23) Gaseous phase ejection opening; (26) Cooling water outlet opening.
NOVELTY - A cell (C) consists of a cathode (2) and an anode (3), which are laminated to both sides of an electrolyte board (1) through separators (4). Collector boards (6A,6B) are interposed between the cell and the separators for holding the electrodes. The aperture forming rate in the collector boards is 30-40 wt.% or 65-80 wt.%. The diameter of pores in the cathode is 4.5 m.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electrical property by bringing the amount of carbonate impregnations of cathode near the set value. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sketch of the fuel battery. (1) Electrolyte board; (2) Cathode; (3) Anode; (4) Separator; (6A,6B) Collector boards; (C) Cell.
NOVELTY - Several oxygen content gas passage ways and fuel gas passage ways are formed on multiple oxygen poles and fuel pole sides of multiple cells, respectively. The oxygen content gas passage ways and the fuel gas passage ways comprise an individual equal flow path (E) and a reaction adjusting flow path (U), respectively. The reaction adjusting flow path consists of a small and large capability flow path sections (Ud,Uh). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery has multiple cells (C) of rectangular board shape comprising an oxygen pole (2) and a fuel pole (3) on both sides of an electrolyte layer (1), individually. A pair of edge section aperture (so) are formed in the edge sections of each oxygen content gas passage way individually. Similarly, a pair of edge section aperture (fo) are formed in the edge sections of each fuel gas passage way.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The endurance of the cells is raised by reducing the temperature difference. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the equal flow path and reaction adjusting flow path of the fuel battery. (1) Electrolyte layer; (2) Oxygen pole; (3) Fuel pole; (C) Cells; (E) Equal flow path; (fo) Edge section aperture in fuel gas passage way; (so) Edge section aperture in oxygen content gas passage way; (U) Reaction adjusting flow path; (Ud) Right section side smallness capability flow path section; (Uh) Large capability flow path section.
NOVELTY - The system includes a modifier (126) with a reforming catalyst layer (113) in the form of a porous plate. The reforming catalyst is heated by a combustion chamber (112) and a gas feed zone supplies anode and cathode waste gas from fuel battery to the combustion chamber for heat exchange with combustion gas. The combustion chamber and the gas feed zone are also in the form of porous plates and are laminated with the reforming catalyst layer at the top to form lamination of three layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery comprises an anode and a cathode where electrochemical reaction with hydrogen and oxygen takes place. A modifier is present to reform the raw material gas by burning in the presence of water and generates reformed raw material gas containing hydrogen. The CO present in the reformed gas coming out of the modifier is reduced in a reactor present in the system.    USE -   For electricity generation in buildings, schools, hospitals etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel battery system is miniaturised and made compact by the lamination of porous plate structure. Heat loss is reduced and electricity generation efficiency is improved. Recovery of exhaust heat of reformed gas is performed and cooling of reformed gas or reactor is carried out efficiently.
A solar battery module comprises a solar battery cell with a surface material laminated to cover a surface of the cell. A photocatalyst layer is formed on the surface material.    USE -   Solar battery module capable of preventing/minimizing contamination of the surface material.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface of the module is self-cleaning and therefore avoids loss of irradiation energy of solar light to the solar battery, thus maintaining electric power generation for a long time.
The vacuum panel for thermal utilisation of solar energy includes at least one cover pane (2) and a flexible metal foil (7) forming a trough, with aerogel (1) located between the cover pane and the trough. The panel contains elements (3, 46) of arbitrary colouring and good heat conduction for absorption and/or reflection of radiation energy, and/or elements (4, 6) with a liquid heat carrier, and/or elements (46, 51) for shading, and/or pressure resistant elements (5) for heat insulation.    USE -   For room and water heating by stored solar energy.    ADVANTAGE -   The panels ensure a high yield of energy. Excessive temperatures of house walls are avoided through effective shading.
A photovoltaic device comprises a supporting substrate bearing on its surface a heterolamellar film having one or more charge-donating layers and one or more charge-accepting layers, each layer comprising: (a) a complex of formula (I): Y1, Y2 = phosphorus or arsenic; Z = a divalent group which reversibly forms stable reduced and oxidized forms; X = an anion; Mey = Me1nWm; Me1 = a di-, tri- or tetravalent Group III, IVA or IVB metal of atomic number at least 21 or a lanthanide; W = an anion; n = 1, 2 or 3; m = an integer, 0-4; p = an integer. 0-3; k = an integer, 1-250; q = the charge on X; and * = the multiplication operator; and (b) one or more charge-generator layers between the charge-donating and charge-accepting layers, such that the film is bound to the substrate through a linking means.    USE -   For the conversion and storage of solar energy, for producing photocurrents and as catalysts for reduction reactions, e.g. production of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and hydrogen gases, hydrogen gas production from water and ketone reduction to form alcohols.    ADVANTAGE -   The compositions can produce a sustained photoinduced charge separation state suitable for use in solar energy conversion and storage and they can trap colloidal particles of a zero-valent metal in their matrix to form highly effective catalysts and oxygen sensors.
A silicon oxide CVD film is deposited by: heating the substrate to less than 200C; generating a continuous plasma discharge about the substrate surface; and metering tetramethyl-silane into the plasma in an amount adjusted to deposit an SiO2 film whose current density characteristics approximate an SiO2 film deposited at above 250C.    USE -   In production of optical coatings, solar cells, IC devices etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Uniform, high quality silicon oxide films are deposited at substrate temperatures below 200C.
NOVELTY - The light incidence side of a photovoltaic cell (101) of a solar-battery module consists of a filler (102) and a surface protection material (103). The filler comprises a non-crosslinked organic polymer resin (107) and a crosslinked organic polymer resin (106). The crosslinked organic polymer resin bridges upper and lower sides of the non-crosslinked polymer with the surface protection material and the photovoltaic cell, respectively.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in weather resistance and moisture resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (102) Filler; (103) Surface protection material; (106) Crosslinked organic polymer resin; (107) Non-crosslinked organic polymer.
The solid electrolyte composite film comprises three-dimensional skeleton consisting of crosslinked polymer, and carbon fluoride electrolyte reinforced with the three-dimensional skeleton.    USE -   The solid electrolyte composite film is used as electrolyte for the solid high polymer type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid electrolyte composite film for fuel cells, having improved mechanical strength, and thinner thickness, can be obtd. The solid high polymer type fuel cell, having higher density electric output, can be obtd.
The main body of the fuel battery (101) has a cathode (102) and an anode (103). A modifier (126) supplies reforming gas containing hydrogen. A reforming catalyst layer (113) is arranged in the modifier. A combustion chamber (112) which has a combustion catalyst layer (116) for burning an anode waste gas is provided. An air feed zone (115) supplies air to the combustion chamber. Also included are trace air addition device (117b) and modifier (126)    The trace air addition device (117b) is arranged to supply air to the anode waste gas through a gas pipe connecting the modifier. The air feed zone supplies cathode waste gas through several holes formed on the walls of combustion chamber.    ADVANTAGE -   Electricity generating efficiency of the system and durability of reforming catalyst layer are improved. Waste gas of anode and cathode are utilised effectively.
NOVELTY - A polyimide group thin resin film is formed on the surface of a long strip shaped metallic board (2) which moves along longitudinal direction. A pair of transfer rollers (5) presses the film when the film is in melting state to form a concavo-convex slot.    USE -   For manufacturing of heat resistant board used in solar battery, photosensor, optical switch, board for printed wiring, thermal head.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables continuous manufacturing of film. Increases photoelectric conversion efficiency by enabling irregular reflection of incident solar light. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows manufacturing method of polyimide group thin resin film. (2) Metallic board; (5) Transfer roller.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen ions are implanted to a depth of 5-10micrometers in P-type single crystal silicon board (4) formed on an electrode layer (3) which acts as a adhesive agent. P-type single crystal silicon layer (4a) is isolated from a board (4b) using a void (5a) and bonded on the electrode layer (3) by heat treating. By diffusing P-type impurity ions on silicon layer, P+ type diffusion layer is formed on which N+ type single crystal silicon layer, P and N-type amorphous layers are formed sequentially.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Secures superior conversion efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the tandem type solar battery. (3) Electrode layer; (4) P-type single crystal silicon board; (4a) P-type single crystal silicon layer; (4b) Board; (5a) Void.
NOVELTY - A steam turbine (6) is made to actuate using steam generated from a boiler (4) to generate electricity. A reformer (8) having a hydrogen separation membrane uses waste heat of the boiler to perform reforming of hydrocarbon. High purity hydrogen (11) manufactured is supplied to a fuel battery (12) to generate electricity.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Electricity generation efficiency per unit hydrocarbon fuel is enhanced (42% efficiency is obtained using natural gas as fuel). The wasted heat energy is utilised effectively.
NOVELTY - A barrier plate heat exchange member (20a) in a heat exchanger (20) cools and divides a waste gas (13) and a cooling water (21), and completes indirect heat conduction. A contact type heat exchange member (20b) makes the cooling water to contact directly with the waste gas.    USE -   For use in water treatment installation.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves heat recovery efficiency. The size of the heat exchanger is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of phosphoric acid fuel battery. (13) Waste gas; (20) Heat exchanger; (20a) Barrier plate heat exchange member; (20b) Contact type heat exchange member; (21) Cooling water.
NOVELTY - The cooling water inlet of cooling plate (6) is arranged to correspond with oxidation gas outflow side of electrolyte reservoir (5). A transition noble metal alloy catalyst layer (10) and platinum catalyst layer (9) on anode electrode (2), are formed on corresponding sides of oxidation gas outflow and inflow side of reservoir (5). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anode plate (2) and cathode plate (3) are laminated on opposing surfaces of an electrolyte layer (1). Electrolyte reservoirs (4,5) are laminated one each on anode plate side and cathode plate side respectively. Grooves are formed circulating heating gas on anode side reservoir and oxidation gas circulation on cathode side reservoir. Each of this multilayer stack is provided with a cooling plate (6) to reduce the temperature on the oxidation gas circulation side. A separator (8) is inserted between each stack of these electrodes.    USE -   Used to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces gap of current density distribution. Reduces phosphoric acid vapour on oxidation gas outflow side. Reduces use of quantity of phosphoric acid. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows disassembled isometric view of phosphoric acid type fuel battery. (2) Anode plate; (4,5) Electrolyte reservoirs; (6) Cooling plate; (9) Platinum catalyst layer; (10) Alloy catalyst layer.
NOVELTY - A solid state polymer film (1) is provided, on whose both sides a proton conductivity polymer layer (8) and catalyst layer (7) are laminated sequentially. The EW of the proton conductivity polymer layer is different from that of the solid state polymer film.    USE -   Used for solid state polymer type fuel battery for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Water ejection capability of the catalyst layer is improved. Membraneous drying is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the cell structure of the solid state polymer type fuel battery, which is applied to the film and electrode contact piece. (1) Solid state polymer film; (7) Catalyst layer; (8) Proton conductivity polymer layer.
NOVELTY - An organic layer (2) is formed on one side of a high polymer film (1). A transparent antistatic barrier layer (3) consisting of oxides such In2O3 or ZnO is provided on the organic film. A metal layer (4) whose melting point is below 200C is bonded over the organic layer, along with thermosensitive and pressure sensitive adhesive layer (5). An organic layer (2), a transparent barrier layer (7) and another organic layer (6) are also formed on the other side of the polymer film.    USE -   For LC display device, solar battery, light control film, optical shutter.    ADVANTAGE -   Antistatic gas barrier property, transparency touch resistant property flexibility and UV cut property of the film is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the partial cross-section of laminated film. (1) Polymer film; (2) Organic layer; (3) Transparent antistatic barrier layer; (4) Metal layer; (5) Adhesive layer; (6) Organic layer; (7) Transparent barrier layer.
NOVELTY - The reaction tube comprises an outer pipe (15) closed at one end (47) and an inner tube (17) provided inside the outer pipe. A mutually connecting part (10) is formed between the inner and outer pipes near one end so that a hollow tube (49) with a closed end is connectable to the connecting part.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a deteriorated catalyst exchange process. Catalyst (19) is filled into the gap between the outer and inner pipes. During exchange of catalyst the hollow tube is opened at a cutting part (55) and deteriorated catalyst is taken out. Subsequently new catalyst is filled in the space between the pipes in the reaction tube.    USE -   Used for fuel reforming in fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus enables easy exchange of deteriorated catalyst without requiring large scale work.
A layer structure production process involves producing a cavity-containing, preferably porous material layer on or from a substrate (e.g. of single crystal p-type or n-type Si), applying (part of) the layer structure and subsequently separating the structure from the substrate using the cavity-containing or porous material layer as the separating region, e.g. by producing mechanical stress within the cavity-containing or porous material layer or at its interface with the substrate. The novelty is that the substrate surface is structured before producing the porous layer or the surface of the porous layer is structured. Also claimed are (i) a similar process in which the uppermost portion of the cavity-containing or porous layer is melted to produce a non-porous single crystal layer which is then separated from the substrate by the above process, optionally after growth of a layer structure; and (ii) production of a semiconductor epitaxy substrate by using a second substrate instead of the layer structure in the above process, the second substrate being separated with an adhering layer or section of the porous layer. Further claimed are (i) a substrate especially of single crystal semiconductor material with a porous surface layer, the free surface of the porous layer being structured; (ii) photocell and radiation detector devices; (iii) production of a semiconductor circuit, e.g. series-connected solar cells, especially by the above process; and (iv) a semiconductor structure especially produced by process (iii).    USE -   Especially in the production of solar cells and other semiconductor components.    ADVANTAGE -   Inexpensive components, having high quality, thin, single crystal silicon layers, can be produced using low production temperatures and low cost foreign (e.g. glass) substrates.
NOVELTY - The binder is added to raw material powder. Moulding and degreasing of the mixture are performed, followed by sintering. During degreasing, the rate of temperature variation is 2C/unit time.    USE -   For forming thin film, display electrode for flat panel, solar battery window material, anti-static film, liquid crystal display.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents crack of compact during degreasing. Increases manufacturing yield.
NOVELTY - A polyimide group resin coating, whose thickness ranges from 5-50 m, is formed on the base material made of stainless steel. The surface roughness (Rmax) of the coating ranges from 0.01-1.0 m and the pitch of protrusion is 1-10 m.    USE -   For solar battery, photosensor, optical switch.    ADVANTAGE -   Possesses high thermal resistance. Increases photoelectric conversion efficiency.
An electrically and thermally conductive composite material comprises a homogeneous physical mixture of greater than micron size non-conductive sinterable grains or granules and sub-micron or micron size conductive particles in the form of a monolayer joined to each grain or granule surface. Preferably, the non-conductive sinterable material is a glass or an organic polymer, preferably a polymer or copolymer of a 1-4C alkene or of a vinyl compound. Also claimed are: (i) a sintered conductive composite material obtained by sintering the above conductive composite material; (ii) a sintered part of the above conductive composite material; (iii) a bipolar plate of the above conductive composite material in sintered form; and (iv) a fuel cell containing the above bipolar plate. Further claimed is a process for preparing a sintered part of the above conductive composite material by moulding and sintering a homogeneous mixture of the grains or granules and the conductive particles.    USE -   Used especially for production of a bipolar plate for a fuel cell, particularly a PEM fuel cell for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The conductive composite material has high electrical and thermal conductivity at minimal content of expensive conductive particles and allows simple and inexpensive production of parts especially of complicated shape.
Process for converting hydrocarbons contained in crude fuel gas into hydrogen comprises: (a) feeding the fuel gas into a conversion apparatus (34) having a number of conversion reaction units (80, 82, 84); (b) establishing the flow of the conversion reaction in each of the reaction units; (c) feeding oxygen to each unit to produce an exothermic oxidation reaction and using heat produced by the oxidation reaction for the conversion reaction; and (d) regulating the amount of oxygen fed to each reaction unit based on the flow of the conversion reaction.    USE -   In fuel cells to convert chemical energy directly.    ADVANTAGE -   The degree of heat utilisation is increased.
Production of an insulating ceramic component (4) for a high temperature fuel cell is carried out by powder spraying a ceramic material onto a mask-like support (12), having the approximate shape of the component, and detaching the resulting component (4) from the support, after hardening. Preferably, the component (4) is plasma sprayed as an up to 3 mm thick layer on a metallic support (12) and, after detachment, may be machined to final dimensions. Also claimed is a high temperature fuel cell provided with an insulating component produced by the above process.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is less expensive than and involves fewer steps than pressing and sintering processes, the product (e.g. of magnesium aluminate spinel) having the desired dimensions and properties (such as low porosity) so that it may be used in a fuel cell directly after detachment.
An active microchannel heat exchanger to heat a working fluid comprises: (i) an exothermic reaction chamber having a first shell which defines exothermic reactant flow and exhaust flow paths and which has at least one inlet and an exhaust outlet; (ii) an exhaust chamber which has a second shell and a containment wall defining an exhaust flow path connected to the exhaust outlet, the second shell has an outlet and the chamber has microchannels through which an exhaust flows; and (iii) a heat exchanger chamber which thermally contacts the exhaust chamber and has a third shell through which a working fluid flows via an inlet and an outlet, and such that heat from the reaction chamber is convected by the exhaust through the exhaust chamber and by conduction through the containment wall to heat the working fluid. Also claimed is a liquid vaporiser comprising a heat exchanger as above where: (i) a porous material is placed in the exothermic reaction chamber; (ii) the exhaust chamber does not have microchannels; and (iii) heat convected through the exhaust chamber and conducted through the containment wall vaporises the liquid in the heat exchanger chamber. Also claimed is a chemical processor comprising a heat exchanger as above wherein the working fluid flow path contains microchannels.    USE -   The heat exchanger is useful as a liquid fuel vaporiser and/or steam generator for fuel cell power systems, and as a heat source for sustaining endothermic chemical reactions and initiating exothermic reactions.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat exchanger is small, lightweight and efficient.
A catalytic reactor for exothermic reactions comprises a housing made of a heat-conducting material in which is located: (i) a number of catalyst bed tubes which are connected in series and through which the gas to be catalytically reacted is flowed; and (ii) one or more cooling tubes through which coolant is flowed for the controllable extraction of heat from the reaction.    USE -   The reactor is typically used for purifying gas streams containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide e.g. the removal of carbon monoxide from reformate gas mixtures.    ADVANTAGE -    In the removal of CO from a reformate gas by the selective methanation of the CO to CH4 in an exothermic reaction, the reactor is cooled to avoid the unwanted methanation of CO2which occurs at high temperature.
The composition includes Ag powder and a metal chosen from among V, Mo and W, with an organic catalyst. The chosen metal is included at a rate of 0.2-16 wt parts for every 100 wt parts of Ag powder.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes degree of sintering of Ag electrode. Avoids post processing like acid treatment.
NOVELTY - Reforming gas containing carbon monoxide is passed through a pipe (55) with catalyst (56) for selective oxidation. A heater is provided in the pipe which heats the catalyst by mixing the reforming gas with air and burning it. Carbon monoxide is oxidised to carbon dioxide and is removed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the carbon monoxide removal method.    USE -   Used in solid polymer fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide is selectively and effectively oxidised.
The following is applied to one surface or both the surfaces of an unset thermosetting silicone rubber sheet having thickness in the range of 0.1-10 mm: (a) an inorganic fine powder having a particle dia. in the range of 0.001-100 micronmetres; or (b) an organic fine powder having a particle dia. in the range of 0.001-100 micronmetres and a softening temp. of 200 deg. C or more.    USE -   The protective sheet is used as a sealer for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   The protective sheet has superior transparency, adhesion, weather resistance, and fire retardancy. Long-term, stable power generation is observed even if the solar battery module is used in the severe environment. Superior mouldability is also observed. The result reduces fraction defective in assembling the solar battery, and enhances efficiency.
A film consists of a powdered thermoplastic silicone resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C, or a thermoplastic silicone resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C. The film is deposited on one surface or both the surfaces of an unset thermosetting silicone rubber sheet having thickness in the range of 0.1-10 mm.    USE -   The protective sheet is used as a sealer for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   The protective sheet has superior transparency, adhesion, weather resistance, and fire retardancy. Long-term, stable power generation is observed even if the solar battery module is used in the severe environment. Superior mouldability is also observed. The result reduces fraction defective in assembling the solar battery, and enhances efficiency.
A protective material uses thermosetting silicone rubber. The prodn. comprises: (a) forming the thermosetting silicone rubber to a 0.1-10 mm-thick sheet; (b) preparing a film consisting of a thermoplastic powdered polyolefin-based resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C or a thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin having a softening temp. in the range of 30-200 C; (c) previously depositing the film on one surface or both the surfaces of the unset sheet; (d) sticking the resulting layered prod. to one surface or both the surfaces of a solar battery element; (e) setting and moulding the layered prod. with deaeration applied to the layered prod. by pressurisation or pressure reduction at 100-200 C to the layered prod.    ADVANTAGE -   The protective sheet has superior transparency, adhesion, weather resistance, and fire retardancy. Long-term, stable power generation is observed even if the solar battery module is used in the severe environment. Superior mouldability is also observed. The result reduces fraction defective in assembling the solar battery, and enhances efficiency.
The system consists of a fuel battery (3) which generates electricity from a source fuel supplied from a source fuel supply device (1) and using hydrogen gas in reformer gas supplied from a fuel reformer (2). The fuel reformer generates reforming gas containing hydrogen as an electricity generation fuel. A hydrogen separator (4) separates hydrogen from the unreacted reforming gas discharged from the fuel battery and the separated hydrogen gas is returned to the fuel battery as the electricity generation fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electricity generation utilisation factor of hydrogen gas in reforming gas. Utilises hydrogen gas without waste. Raises overall efficiency of electricity generation system. Reduces size of system.
The system (10) consists of a fuel battery (12) which includes a hydrogen pole (24) and an air pole (26) sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte film. Hydrogen gas and oxidising gas are supplied to the respective poles and emf is generated. A cooling water circulation unit (14) circulates cooling water and cools the fuel battery. A fuel reformer (16) generates steam content hydrogen gas by reforming methanol. A humidity control type heat exchanger (18) performs heat exchange between steam content hydrogen gas and cooling water whose temperature is raised due to heat of fuel battery. The heat exchange process is controlled so that the temperature of hydrogen gas becomes equal to operating temperature of battery and saturated steam content hydrogen gas is fed to hydrogen pole.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents damage of electrolyte film as temperature of hydrogen gas is made equal to operating temperature of battery.
Production of a membrane-electrode unit is carried out by (a) placing a membrane on a smooth support and placing or adhering spacers at the membrane regions which are not to be coated with electrode material; (b) uniformly spreading a paste of electrolyte material particles and a liquid (preferably water) on the membrane; (c) drying the paste while controlling the vapour pressure of the paste liquid, such that drying occurs at more than 10 mins. per 10 m of layer thickness, and controlling the drying temperature at 41C below the atmospheric pressure boiling point of the liquid; and then (d) sintering the paste and removing the spacers.    USE -   For producing a membrane-electrode unit for a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The process allows simple, rapid and reproducible production of membrane-electrode units.
A semiconductor photovoltaic energy conversion cell of the n-i-p or p-i-n junction type comprises: (a) a base (16) being lattice-matched to indium phosphide and being respectively of the n- or p-type; (b) an intrinsic region (18) with quantum wells (19), each well has a thickness and is formed of strained alloys or binary materials in the indium phosphide system; (c) an emitter region (20) being lattice-matched to indium phosphide and being respectively of the p- or n-type; and (d) electrical contacts (10, 24) to the base and emitter regions.    USE -   Solar cells, two-terminal photovoltaic device.    ADVANTAGE -   The MQW InAsP/InP cells have a more efficient conversion for the photons located in the indium phosphide near band gap region (800-900 nm), they will be able to perform with a much thinner base than a conventional indium phosphide cell. Lower fabrication costs and less susceptibility to radiation damage are achieved. An improved photocurrent output is obtained and the effective band gap for absorption to longer wavelengths is extended.
The
The fuel modifier consists of several catalyst chambers (19) which produce a hydrogen-containing gaseous mixture by the reaction of methanol, air and water. A manifold (20) is provided to supply methanol, air and water to each catalyst chamber directly.    USE -   The fuel modifier is connected to a fuel battery which produces hydrogen gas (fuel gas).    ADVANTAGE -   Methanol, air and water are supplied uniformly to the catalyst chambers. Operation of each chamber is easily controlled and hydrogen gas formation is stabilised. The heat energy recovered from the hydrogen-containing gaseous mixture produced during heat exchange is utilised efficiently for methanol vaporisation. Size reduction of fuel modifier is achieved. Fuel battery connected to this fuel modifier generates electricity with improved stability.
The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.
A solar cell consists of a semiconductor substrate comprising regions of first (1) and opposite (8) conductivity type, the substrate having a front radiation receiving surface (2) with a conductive grid and a back surface (3) with separated contacts to the two regions. The grid comprises narrow metal fingers and the contacts to the second region comprise wide metal lines connected to the fingers with a limited number of vias. Also claimed are processes of forming the solar cell above comprising machining the vias from the back surface, etching and diffusing dopant to form the second region. Metal contacts are formed, the vias metallised and the grid deposited and contacts fired at 600-900 C.    USE -   As solar cells    ADVANTAGE -   Only a limited number of vias is needed so that the problems of laser-drilled holes is avoided and the cell is suited to mass production.
In a fuel cell having an electrode/electrolyte unit which is located between two outer plates (2, 3) and which consists of a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the electrodes, the edges of the outer plates (2, 3) project beyond the electrode/electrolyte unit to define a peripheral space which is filled with a seal of curable sealing material. Preferably, the seal consists of curable plastic moulding material such as PVC, polyester or liquid acrylic glass. Also claimed is a fuel cell stack consisting of several interconnected (preferably series-connected) fuel cells (1) as described above.    USE -   Especially as a low power fuel cell for schools, leisure activities or demonstration of fuel cell technology.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel cell is inexpensive to produce for low power applications and operates safely.
A membrane made of sulphonated perfluorinated polymer having pores partially filled with zirconyl phosphate.    USE -   The membrane is useful for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The deposition of zirconyl phosphate in the pores of the membrane minimises the diffusion of methanol and water from the anode to the cathode compartment of fuel cells thus improving the performance of the fuel cell.
A photovoltaic element comprises a zinc oxide layer containing fluorine and a non-single crystal semiconductor layer sequentially stacked on a substrate with a conductive surface. The fluorine content in the zinc layer varies in the layer thickness direction, has a min. at the interface with the substrate, and increases toward the non-single crystal semiconductor layer.    USE -   Photovoltaic element suitable, e.g. a solar cell, a photodiode, a electrophotographic photosensitive member or a light emitting element.    ADVANTAGE -   Separation of layers is prevented, and recombination of photo-excited carriers near the ZnO/pin layer interface and the ZnO/substrate interface is suppressed. Open circuit voltage, short circuit current and photoelectric conversion are improved, and deterioration caused by light and vibration at the time of application of a bias voltage is suppressed.
The method involves forming a thin film using a plasma chemical vapour deposition technique. A high frequency electric power of VHF belt is applied to perform a pulse discharge, thus forming a crystalline thin film on a substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves transformation efficiency and long wavelength sensitivity of thin film. Provides high quality thin film with excellent electric conductivity.
The method involves forming a semiconductor silicon layer (102) on an insulating non-crystal material (101). Crystallisation of semiconductor layer is carried out by heat treating. The temperature at which semiconductor layer is processed is higher than the temperature at which it is crystallised.    USE -   For optoelectric transducers, static induction type transistors, solar battery and optical sensor manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables formation of polycrystalline silicon film easily.
The method involves mixing raw material powder with diluent in mixing units (51,52). The evaporation of the diluent is done at high temperature in vaporisation unit (56). The raw material powder is vaporised and mixed with inert gas. The raw material vapour is introduced from the vaporisation unit into the deposition chamber (55) for carrying out electrolyte deposition.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies handling of raw material powder. Reduces engineer's burden.
Highly colourless and transparent polyimides (PI) contg. repeating units of formula (1) are new. R = 4-16 C straight chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon residue.    USE -   The polyimides are used for liq. crystalline oriented films, colour filter-protective films and base films of solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The polyimides have high light transmittance in addn. to good heat resistance.
A transparent conductive sheet, comprising a curable resin sheet, a gas barrier film (comprising an inorganic oxide), and a conductive film.    USE -   The transparent conductive sheet is useful for a display device such as LCD, or solar cell conversion device etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The transparent conductive sheet shows excellent rigidity, gas barrier property and chemical resistance. The transparent conductive sheet is lighter than the products employing glass substrates and has excellent impact resistance.
A high temperature fuel cell (4, 5) has chromium-containing interconnector plates (6) which bear, on the cathode-facing side, a coating (28) comprising a surface layer (30) of nickel and an overlying layer (32) of aluminium. Preferably, the surface layer (30) is a 10-100 thick layer containing 90 wt.% Ni and the overlying layer (32) is a 10-20 thick layer containing 90 wt.% Al. The coating is preferably provided on the side walls (24) and bases (26) of parallel channels in the plate surface (16). Also claimed is a high temperature fuel cell stack (2) with several of the above fuel cells (4, 5).    ADVANTAGE -   The coating prevents evaporation of chromium compounds from the interconnector plates so that functioning and power of the fuel cell are improved.
Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus comprises: (a) a moistening device (2) for moistening an oxidant, where warm water is contacted with the oxidant; (b) a mixer (3) for mixing the moist oxidant with a hydrocarbon energy carrier to produce a mixed gas made of hydrocarbon energy carrier, oxidant and steam; and (c) a reformer (4) for partially oxidising the hydrocarbon energy carrier and the steam. Also claimed is a fuel cell system comprising: (i) the hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus; (ii) a moistening device as (a) above; and (iii) a fuel cell producing electricity using hydrogen produced, the fuel cell comprising cells made up of layers of electrolyte membranes between an anode and cathode.    USE -   In the production of hydrogen by partially oxidising and steam reforming hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas, methanol or naphtha.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus is compact.
Determination of material conversion during surface electrochemical reactions is carried out in a local region between a counter-electrode surface and an electrode surface having a contact element segment, which corresponds to the surface region, and a contact element which contacts the remaining surface and which is electrically insulated from the contact element segment. The novelty is that (a) both the contact element (34) and the contact element segment (34s) are connected to a reaction current source or sink (90); and (b) the magnetic field, generated about a current conductor (44) between the contact element segment (34s) and the current source or sink (90), is determined as a measurement of the material conversion in the local region (40). Also claimed is an electrochemical unit in which the above process is carried out.    USE -   For determining material conversion in e.g. electrolytic reactions or reactions in fuel cells or batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The process allows material conversion determination in a simple manner using a single current source or sink for both the contact element and the contact element segment.
A fuel cell assembly (10) comprises a stack of planar fuel cells (16) each with an electrolyte layer (20) having an anode layer (18) on one side and a cathode layer (22) on the other side and interconnect members (12,14), each cell (16) being between and in electrical contact with an adjacent pair of interconnect members (12,14) with an oxygen-containing gas passage (28) being formed between the cathode layer (22) of each cell and the adjacent interconnect member (14) and a fuel gas passage (38,42) between the anode layer (18) and the adjacent interconnect member (12). A chamber (36) of greater height than the thickness of the respective cell is defined between the adjacent interconnect members (12,14) in each pair within which the cell is received. Conductive compressible means (32,38,40,42) in the chamber (36) in electrical contact with a first side (18) of the cell and the adjacent interconnect member (12) urge the cell towards the adjacent interconnect member (14) on the second side (22) to maintain the cell in electrical contact with both adjacent interconnect members (12,14). The assembly (10) may comprise a single fuel cell (16) between two interconnect members (12,14). The compressible means (32) may comprise a corrugated sheet (42) of Ni or Ni alloy.    ADVANTAGE -   The compressive load on each cell of the stack is provided by the respective compressible means so that the compressive load is independent of the position of the cell in the stack. As a result, a reduced compressive load may be applied to each cell, which is advantageous for solid oxide electrolyte cells where the electrolyte layer is not a primary load bearing layer. The conditions in each chamber are the same throughout the stack.
A hybrid fuel cell (10) comprises; (a) Proton permeable dense phase (17) having an anode (12) and a cathode (11) on opposite sides. (b) Acid electrolyte (15) between the anode and the dense phase, and base electrolyte (16) between the cathode and the dense phase. Typically the dense phase is palladium hydride, the acid electrolyte is concentrated phosphoric acid in a silicon carbide matrix, and the base electrolyte is concentrated potassium hydroxide in a potassium hexatitanate matrix. The anode and cathode are coated in electrocatalyst layers (13,14).    USE -   Fuel cells and electrochemical reactors.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte system combines the best features of alkaline fuel cells and phosphoric acid fuel cells.
The protection sheet consists of a fluororesin film on which a silicon oxide thin film is formed. The oxygen transmittance of the sheet is below 5cc/m2*day*atm, steam transmittance is below 5 g/m2*day and light transmittance is 80% or more. The thickness of the silicon oxide thin film is 150- 500 and its adhesion intensity is 200 g/15 mm or more.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in several physical properties. Stabilizes capability of solar battery module.
NOVELTY - The generator has a fuel cell stack (21) consisting of a fuel pole (18) and an oxidiser pole (20) sandwiching an electrolyte layer (19). A reformer (8) to generate hydrogen from fuel supplied by a fuel supplier, an air blower (15) and a water collector are also provided. The reformer is filled with a catalyst to perform partial oxidation of the fuel.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The generator can be initiated within a short time and has improved overall efficiency in exhaust gas utilisation. There is no necessity to supply heat separately to the reformer.
The composition consists of 1.5wt% of one of a titanium oxide, a germanium oxide, an aluminium oxide, a magnesium oxide, an indium oxide and tin oxide. The zinc oxide phase, as the main composition phase of the organisation, contains one of the gallium, the titanium, the germanium, the aluminium, the magnesium, the indium and the tin in compound state. The sintered density of the product is more than 5.2g/cm2 and volume resistivity of the product is 2x10-2 cm or less. The sintered product is formed with the maximum porosity diameter equal to two micrometer or less.    USE -   In transparent conductivity film formation and used as electrode in liquid crystal display or solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Obtains sintered body which avoids abnormal discharge. Enables to form gallium-zinc oxide film of superior characteristics.
The apparatus has an oxidising agent supply unit which supplies oxidising agent to a gas containing CO in a reactor. The reactor has several coupling chambers provided with oxidising agent supply pipes separately. CO present in the gas is removed by circulating the gas with the oxidising agent.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces quantity of oxidising agent supplied. Prevents damage of electrode contact piece. Prevents reduction in electricity generation capability. Reduces size of reactor.
The apparatus has a reactor (11) equipped with a catalyst capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide present in reforming gas (2), circulated inside the battery. A temperature holding circuit made of a cooling water tank (13), a pump (14) and heat radiator (15) maintains the reforming gas at predetermined temperature range.    ADVANTAGE -   Aids in sustaining carbon monoxide oxidation function. Enables suppression of temperature rise in reactor. Excels in expressing superior selective oxidation function. Prevents deterioration of activation function of catalyst composition of anode thus avoiding suppression of electricity generation. Facilitates efficient cooling of gas. Simplifies composition of temperature holder. Attains high thermal efficiency.
The apparatus has an air introduction pipe that supplies air or oxygen to a fuel reforming portion, at 100-150 degC. A CO oxidation catalyst layer is arranged below the introduction pipe. The reforming of hydrocarbon or alcoholic group fuel is performed using a catalyst.    USE -   For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Performs effective reduction of carbon monoxide by simple and convenient technique.
Photoelectric (PE) material shown in the figure (a diagram of a solar cell) comprises a semiconductor (5) and an organic photosensitive dye (4) attached to the semiconductor, such that: (a) the dye has at least one interlocking groups and at least one monovalent (substituted) aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon hydrophobic group; (b) if the dye contains a metal, the hydrophobic group is not directly bonded to the metal; and (c) the dye is not a transition metal complex comprising a ligand with a pyridyl group, a N,N,N'N'-tetra-(1-4C alkyl)ethylene diamine or a di-(1-4C alkyl glyoxime). Also claimed are: (1) a PE device comprising the above PE material and an electrode electrically connected to the material; (2) a photoelectric device, as shown in the figure, comprising a first conductive layer (6) bearing the above PE material (5, 4) bearing an electrolyte layer (3) and a second conductive layer (2) in contact with the electrolyte layer; (3) the use of the photosensitising dyes (I)-(X) below in manufacturing a PE material and (4) a method of manufacturing a PE material, optionally as above, comprising dissolving an organic photosensitive dye in a hydrophobic and/or aprotic solvent and attaching the dye to semiconductor by contacting it with the solution (i.e. by dipping).    USE -   In photoelectric devices, e.g. a photovoltaic cell, a solar cell, an optical switching device or a sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   The PE material has a relatively high PE conversion efficiency it can be made at low cost and it has superior durability. Applying the dye from a hydrophobic or aprotic solvent eliminates the problem of water or hydroxyl groups in a solvent, e.g. ethanol, deactivating active sites on the semiconductor surface and preventing dye adsorption. The dyes, which have not been used in this application previously, dissolve readily in an organic solvent.
Producing a polycrystalline semiconductor ingot comprises charging raw semiconductor material (15), which will expand on solidification, into a crucible (1). The top of the crucible is heated and the bottom cooled so that solidification occurs unidirectionally from the bottom up and the crucible is capable of relaxing a strain caused by an expansion on solidification. Also claimed is an apparatus for forming the ingot above. The crucible is double-structured with a space between an inner and outer crucible and the inner crucible relaxes the expansion strain.    USE -   In forming polycrystalline semiconductor ingots e.g. silicon for use in making solar cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Expansion on solidification is accommodated so that stress and cracking are avoided and solar cell efficiency is increased
An apparatus that generates a gas rich in H2 by the catalytic reforming of a water vapour and fuel mixture includes a stage (4) in which CO is removed by catalytic selective oxidation. This involves heat energy being transferred from this purification stage (4) to the reforming stage (3), the two stages of the apparatus being integrated into a single housing. Over the length of the reactor, metered inlets (8') are provided through which oxygen containing gas is introduced. The reaction rates of the two stages are adjusted so that when coupled together a predetermined and self-sustaining temperature level for the apparatus is established.    USE -   To generate H2 for use in vehicle fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The construction of the apparatus is simple and compact. There is a high rate of heat transfer with an improved gas purification stage. The apparatus can be started simply and rapidly.
A gaseous mixture high in H2 and low in carbon monoxide (CO), is generated in an apparatus from a water/fuel mixture by catalytic steam reforming and partial oxidation of the product gas. The CO level is reduced by its selective catalytic oxidation in a gas purification stage.    During an initial phase, oxygen is added to the fuel material and the direction of flow is reversed so that the gas passes first through the purification stage and then through the gas generation apparatus.    USE -   To produce hydrogen suitable for use in a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The final gas is rich in H2 and low in CO, therefore having better cold-start properties.
Cutting up semiconductor material comprises direct current passage by pulsed high voltage application using electrodes which consist of the semiconductor material (preferably silicon) and which are made conductive by heating.    Also claimed is the apparatus for carrying out the above process, including spaced electrodes (3) having heaters (5).    USE -   For cutting up polycrystalline or single crystal semiconductor materials (preferably silicon), used for manufacturing solar cells and electronic devices, prior to crucible melting and single crystal growth.    ADVANTAGE -   The process permits contamination-free cutting up of semiconductor material without the use of high temperatures or mechanical crushing tools. Additionally, the process allows a wide variation in cut piece size, is inexpensive and is non-polluting since no waste water is produced.
Production of an ion-exchange membrane comprising a polymer film comprises activating the film, grafting dissolved styrene and chloromethyl styrene on the film and functionalising the grafted groups by sulphonation using a sulphonation agent and then hydrolysing using a basic solution to give sulphonate groups on the styrene and alcohol groups on the chloromethyl styrene. The above obtained membrane, a separator and a fuel cell for alcohol-based fuel incorporating it are also claimed and the production of the separator by metallising the above membrane on both sides.    USE -   Used as a separator in a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Good mechanical properties, particularly electron transport and electrochemical activity and low transmission of ethanol.
Quality testing of a flat element (1) including a membrane is carried out on a test area corresponding to the area bordered by the outlet of a housing (5) which supplies a substance, present during use of the element, to one side of the element (1). Preferably, the quality testing is performed during production of the element, especially for production control. Also claimed is equipment for carrying out the above quality testing.    USE -   Quality testing of e.g. a membrane-electrode unit for a fuel cell such as a low temperature fuel cell with a polymer electrolyte membrane or a high temperature fuel cell with an oxide ceramic membrane.    ADVANTAGE -   Quality testing is limited to only part of the element surface, so that large area elements can be simply and inexpensively tested, and can be carried out during element production so that production parameters can be controlled for rapid rectification of any faults.
A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.
A two-part catalyst comprises a dehydrogenation portion and an oxide-ion conducting portion. A method of forming a hydrogen rich gas from a source of hydrocarbon fuel involves contacting the fuel with the above catalyst at 400 C min. for a time sufficient to generate the gas while maintaining the carbon monoxide content to less than 5 vol.%.    Preferably the dehydrogenation portion includes a Group VIII metal, especially palladium and/or platinum, or a group VIII metal other than nickel. The oxide-ion conducting portion is a ceramic oxide doped with a rare earth especially gandolinium and/or samarium and an alkali or alkaline earth metal, and can include a ceramic oxide of zirconium, cerium, bismuth, bismuth.vanadium and/or lanthanum/gallium and a dopant selected from rare earths, alkaline earth and alkali metals. The catalyst is effective at temperatures 500-900 C, and the fuel is gasoline, natural gas rich in alkanes, a gas containing branched alkanes, or alkanes.    USE -   For use in forming hydrogen rich gas from source of hydrocarbon fuel especially for use in fuel cells e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides effective conversion to hydrogen rich gas while minimising formation of carbon dioxide.
The method involves adding gallium oxide powder to zinc oxide powder. The mean particle diameter of both powders is less than 1micrometer. The mixture is moulded cold, and under normal pressure. The sintering temperature is maintained between 1300-1550C and the sintered body is reduced.    USE -   For thin conductive film used as electrode in LCD panel, solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces manufacturing cost by preventing generation of impurities.
The membrane has a metal non-woven fabric (1) on which 40-300 micrometer of vertical metal porous support bodies (2) are coated by vacuum deposition method. A permeation film (3) made up of palladium is deposited on the metal body where Pd is coated for 1-20 micrometer on the film.    USE -   For highly pure hydrogen gas manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   The membrane has small surface roughness and high smoothly. Highly efficient transparent hydrogen film without defect is obtained. A highly story base formed with sufficiently large gas permeability. The pressure loss during operation is made small. Handling of apparatus is simple and manufacture cost is low.
NOVELTY - The module has a base board having multiple grooves on both sides to sweep the hydrogen which permeates from the outer side. Several back-up plates are provided on both sides of the base board which has several holes in it. Hydrogen permeates through a film and is made to flow repeatedly on either sides of the board.    USE -   For highly pure hydrogen gas manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   The generation of thermal stress in welded portion is avoided. Fatigue breaking is prevented and the apparatus is economically profitable. Installation of the compact apparatus is commercially profitable.
NOVELTY - An exhaust gas temperature controller is provided to control the temperature of the exhaust gas depending on amount of liquid fuel supply to vaporiser. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer (22) has a liquid hydrocarbon fuel tank (28) from which the liquid fuel is supplied to a vaporiser (90). A combustion gas of high temperature is supplied from a burner (34) to the vaporiser. Heat exchange between the combustion gas and the liquid fuel across via a compressor (32). The liquid fuel is vapourised and supplied to a reforming unit (92) so as to contact the surface of a reforming catalyst provided in it. Fuel gas containing hydrogen is generated. The combustion gas after heat exchange is discharged from the vaporiser as exhaust gas via an exhaust gas passage (94). The excess heat possessed by the exhaust gas is further exchanged via several heat pipes (96) provided in the reforming part. A controller (50) is provided to adjust the amount of liquid fuel supplied to the vaporiser. In initial stage, the amount of liquid fuel supplied to the vaporiser is limited by the controller and correspondingly, the temperature of the combustion gas is also kept low. When reformer attains a steady state the temperature of the exhaust gas is controlled to a predetermined temperature corresponding to the amount of liquid fuel supplied to the vaporiser.    USE -   Used for fuel battery system (20).    ADVANTAGE -   The energy efficiency of the fuel reformer is increased. The temperature of exhaust gas is controlled. Necessary amount of the liquid fuel can be supplied depending on required amount of fuel gas to be generated.
The film includes a high polymer film (1) on which a composition of an organic layer (2), and multiple oxide with and Zn/In+Zn in the range of atomic ratio of 0.15-0.45 or a layer of In2O3 and Ga2O3 with Ga/In+Ga in the atomic ratio range of 0.05-0.20 or a layer of In2O3 and MgO with In/In+Mg in the atomic ratio range of 0.70-0.95 is formed. A transparent antistatic layer (3), an organic layer (4) and a thermoplastic resin layer (5) comprising SnO2 and ZnO with Sn/Sn+Zn is in the atomic ratio range of 0.55-0.75 are formed subsequently.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in flexibility. Provides transparency, gas barrier property.
The method involves subjecting sample gas to desulphurisation process. Subsequently, the halogen gas composition and ammonia in the gas are made to react mutually. This is followed by a cooling process to precipitate ammonium halide. Further more an inorganic base is added to promote reaction removal of halogen gas compounds.    USE -   Used in producing feed stock for fuel battery. Used in removal of alkali, dust, sulphur, ammonia and heavy metal present in coal gas used for combined cycle power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables maintaining required level of atmospheric air ejection density. Facilitates protection of power system equipment like gas turbine. Realises producing low cost fuel suitable for gas turbines.
The design of a thin film semiconductor solar cell comprises designing the p-type layer to consist of at least 3 sublayers in which either the optical band gap, the specific conductivity, or both are spatially varied in a controlled way. Preferably the design of the n-layer consists of at least 2 sublayers in which either the optical band gap, the specific conductivity, or both are spatially varied in a controlled way. Also claimed is a process for providing the p-type layer and the n-type layer according to the design.    USE -   Processes and designs for improved thin film silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   A band gap engineering design includes a p-type layer (or an n-type layer) which has a spatially varying band gap as well as a spatially varying dopant concn. The desired varying properties can be obtained under continuous deposition conditions.
An adhesive film (13) is stuck to at least part of light receiving and non light receiving surface sides of a solar cell module (10). At least part of a solar cell array is installed by connecting, in series or parallel, each block of cells. Solar cell modules with adhesive films of different colours are stuck as above, then the adhesive films are removed.    USE -   To install solar cell modules which have a surface unlikely to receive damage due to mechanical impact. To provide modules with outermost surface of a peelable, coloured, light transmissive protective part.    ADVANTAGE -   Installation workability and mountability of the modules are enhanced and installation costs are reduced.
Production of flexible solar foils comprises transferring thin films made of polymers permeated with bacteriorhodopsin onto metallised foils and/or foils having an electrically conducting layer, and joining them to transparent electrically conducting foils as counter electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   The foils give a high energy output and have a high stability.
Aqueous, water containing and non-aqueous solutions (I) of acid group functionalised polymers are prepared by heating by microwave radiation.    Also claimed are (i) a process for the production of a solid polymer by concentration and drying of the solution (I); and (ii) the resulting solid polymer.    Preferably the acid groups are sulphonic-, phosphoric-, carboxylic and/or boric acid groups. The solvent is water, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and/or an alcohol.    USE -   The solutions (I) are useful for the production of gas diffusion electrodes, fuel cells and polymer electrolyte stabilised platinum nano-particles.    ADVANTAGE -   Heating of the mixture by microwave radiation does not cause decomposition of the polymer.
The fuel cell electrolyte matrix (3) includes one or more electrically insulating elements (7) which extend in the matrix thickness direction transversely to the fuel gas flow path (B). Preferably, the matrix contains embedded, spaced insulating elements (7) consisting of a ceramic material, a solid oxide, a material with oxidised surfaces, a metal or alloy which easily oxidises in the fuel cell atmosphere or a material which forms a solid oxide with constituents of the electrolyte material.    Also claimed is production of the above electrolyte matrix by incorporating the insulating elements during casting of the electrolyte matrix or by assembling the electrolyte matrix from several layers with interposed insulating elements or with at least one layer consisting of alternating strips of layer material and insulating elements.    USE -   Especially for molten carbonate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte matrix is provided, in a simple and inexpensive manner, with insulating elements which interrupt the strip of nickel grains (6), formed by inward nickel migration from the anode and cathode electrodes, for preventing anode/cathode short-circuiting so that the fuel cell has increased reliability and service life.
Hybrid solar cell contains a mixture of alkanol and photoactive pigments as heat conducting carrier.    USE -   To simultaneously produce electric current and usable heat.    ADVANTAGE -   Energy losses are reduced.
A process (I) for forming a polycrystalline semiconductor portion on a substrate comprises: (a) depositing semiconductor onto said substrate to form a layer having an amorphous region; (b) depositing metal onto said layer to form a structure comprising said substrate and two said layers; (c) annealing said structure at 170-600C to convert at least portion of the amorphous region into polycrystalline semiconductor.    Also claimed is a similar process where the substrate is as in (I) after step (b) which is treated as in step (c).    Also claimed is a polycrystalline semiconductor comprising more than 1 x 1020 aluminium atoms per cm3 of silicon.    USE -   Used for making doped semiconductors, doped silicon and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The invention can provide improved solar cells that do not require high temperature diffusion or metallisation.
Iron material (I) and water are reacted in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst (II) to form hydrogen in situ.    USE -   On board generation of H2 for the fuel cell of an electric powered vehicle (claimed) where low temperature steam or heated water is passed over an iron bed in a reactor.    ADVANTAGE -   Rapid conversion rates. Spent metal oxide can be regenerated with a reducing gas e.g. reformed natural gas.
The optoelectric transducer has a first electrically conductive film (1) and a non-crystal semiconductor device (2) between which a second transparent electrically conductive film (10) is sandwiched. Both the conductive films are formed on the light incidence side.    The first electrically conductive film is made of zinc oxide doped with gallium. The second electrically conductive film is made of zinc oxide doped with aluminium.    USE -   For photo sensor, display element.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces contact resistance of conductive film and semiconductor device. Improves efficiency of energy conversion.
The fuel battery has an electrolyte layer (1A) fully covered on either sides by a cathode catalyst layer (2) and an anode catalyst layer (3A). A cathode diffusion layer (5) and an anode diffusion layer (6) sandwich the catalyst layers to form a unit cell. Moreover a gas impermeable separator (4) is interposed between the anode catalyst layer and anode diffusion layer. A heating gas containing hydrogen is circulated through a gas passage to react with an oxidizing agent gas in the anode catalyst layer and distributed to cathode catalyst layer. The ensuing electro chemical reaction leads to generation of electricity. The separator facilitates selective permeation of hydrogen between the anode catalyst layer and gas passage.    ADVANTAGE -    Facilitates suppression of CO2or CO poisoning of catalyst layer by simple composition. Enables moisture control of electrolyte layer. Facilitates stable operation for long duration.
Linear electrochemical functional element has an ion or electron conductive strip which is accessible at both ends and which is preferably enclosed by a solid insulating sheath. Preferably, the strip consists of an ion exchange membrane, a hydrogen diffusion electrode or a half-cell formed of an ion exchange membrane and a hydrogen diffusion electrode. Also claimed is a process for fabricating a half-cell for a charge state indicator device with the above functional element, the process comprising: (a) deep drawing, pressure die casting or mould casting a cup of metal (especially copper or lead) which is resistant to sulphuric acid at the potential of a lead/lead sulphate electrode; (b) introducing a negative material paste of tribasic or tetrabasic lead sulphate and sulphuric acid; (c) converting the paste into lead sponge by electrochemical reduction in sulphuric acid while the cup is connected as negative pole in a conversion cell; and (d) introducing the linear functional element as a galvanic key in the cup and deforming the cup to enclose the element. Further claimed is a method of using a charge state indicator, having the above functional element, for controlling an accumulator.    USE -   Especially as a hydrogen reference electrode for measuring the pH and/or concentration of a solution, e.g. in a starter battery or fuel cell, or as an indicator for the state of charge of lead accumulator cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The functional element is shape stable, pH stable, flexible and thin so that it can be precisely fitted even in a confined cell space, e.g. in the plate assembly of a starter battery.
A method of operating a methanol reforming plant which includes a reactor containing a reforming catalyst involves the interruption of the operation at a predetermined point in time in order to reactivate the catalyst by treatment with hydrogen or a hydrogen rich gas mixture.    USE -   In methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.
A methanol reforming reactor includes a reaction chamber into which the catalyst is charged. Before operations begin, the catalyst is aged, its volume either being reduced before being charged into the reaction chamber or further catalyst being introduced to compensate for shrinkage after the catalyst has been aged inside the chamber. The ageing process is continued until the shrinkage rate falls below a predetermined value.    Also claimed is a process for pre-treating the catalyst by heating it for between 1 and 50 hours in an atmosphere of CH3OH and H2O at between 240 and 350C at a charge rate of between 0.5 m3H2/h and 50 m3H2/h per litre of catalyst until its shrinkage rate falls below a predetermined value.    USE -   In methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst does not undergo a loss in its specific activity that would otherwise occur during shrinkage during the first few hours of use.
A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.
A methanol reforming catalyst is pre-aged before use by heating for several hours in a dry oxidising or inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least 300C until its volume shrinkage comes to a standstill.    Preferably the atmosphere during pre-ageing contains &lt; 1 vol.%, the balance being either air or argon.    USE -   To prepare a methanol reforming catalyst    ADVANTAGE -   By pre-shrinking the catalyst it does not undergo a loss in its specific activity that would otherwise occur during shrinkage during the first few hours of use.
A solar generator for a vehicle, in the form of a sliding roof, comprises a pane of glass (1) and a solar cell field made of numerous crystalline and electrically connected solar cells under the glass. The cells are located in an elastic plastic material between the glass and a cover film (4), and the glass, plastic and cover film form a laminate. The solar cell field is only slightly smaller than the free outer surface of the glass. The roof lid has a polyurethane based frame (6) which covers the outer edges of the solar field from below.    Use - The arrangement is used as a vehicle solar generator in a sliding roof.    Advantage - The arrangement is light in weight and produces a relatively high energy output.
In a fuel cell system (11) having anodic and cathodic spaces (13, 14) which are separated by a proton-conductive membrane (15) and which, in the operating state, are supplied respectively with a fuel (preferably a water/methanol mixture) and an oxidiser (preferably oxygen), the novelty is that, in the stand-by state, the cathodic space (14) contains the oxidiser and does not allow material passage. Preferably, the cathodic space (14) is connected to a discharge line equipped with a preferably magnetic shut-off valve, which is closed in the stand-by state. Also claimed is a system for uninterrupted current supply to one or more electrical consumers, in which energy is supplied, in the normal condition, by an a.c. mains or, if mains failure occurs, by the above fuel cell system which is normally in the stand-by state. Further claimed is a method of operating the above fuel cell system.    USE -   In a system for uninterrupted current supply to electrical consumers.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel cell system has a response time of less than 100 milliseconds on a.c. mains failure.
Gas impervious bipolar separator plate for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises:    (i) 1 electronically conductive material in an amount of 50-95 weight % of the separator plate;    (ii) 1 resin in an amount of 5 weight % of the separator plate; and    (iii) 1 hydrophilic agent suitable for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for attracting water into the separator plate.    All the components are uniformly distributed throughout the plate.    Also claimed is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.    The resin is hydrophilic and the conductive material is selected from carbonaceous materials, metals, metal alloys, metal carbides, metal nitrides and their mixtures. At least one carbonaceous material is present. The hydrophilic agent is a wetting agent selected from oxides of Ti, Al and/or Si. Carbon fibres are also present in an amount of 45 weight % of the separator plate. Specific resin is a thermosetting resin and/or thermoplastic resin and the conductive material is graphite, carbon black and/or carbon fibres. The plate is porous where the porosity is less than about 25% by volume of the plate. The median diameter of the pores is 0.25-2.0 m. The bubble pressure of the plate is &gt; 5 psig and the electrical conductivity of the plate is 5 S/cm. Specific plate comprises 70-90 weight % of electronically conductive material, 8-15 weight % of a thermosetting resin, 0-10 weight % carbon fibres and 0.01-5.0 weight % silica.    USE -   Used in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The cell is inexpensive to produce, and the plate has improved properties for removal of water from, and internal humidification of, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The crush strength is &gt; 200 psi.
Apparatus for reforming educts containing hydrocarbons comprises a radiation burner and a reforming reactor containing partially catalyst-coated metal honeycomb bodies. The radiation burner (b) encloses the reforming reactor (c, d) made of two parts, the reactor heated by radiation and convection. The combustion gas and educt gas are fed between both reforming reactor parts (c) and (d).    Preferably part (c) is formed as a ring slot reactor, and part (d) as a tubular reactor. A heat exchanger (w) is arranged above the reforming reactor (c, d), through which the educts and combustion gas are passed. The heat exchanger (w) has a tubular helix (e) to introduce the educt and the combustion gas is fed through concentric tubes (f) to the combustion gas outlet (4). The burner (b) consists of ceramic orifice plates and is divided into several segments.    USE -   Used for industrial and small-scale plants, eg. for hydrogen production from fossil fuels, operating using a steam reforming process. The hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is then used to produce NH3, alcohol or methanol. Highly pure hydrogen produced can be used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus produces low heat losses.
A method for producing a fuel cell polymer electrolyte membrane (EM) comprising: (a) introducing a first liquid (L1) medium into a cylinder, where the liquid medium has at least 1 wt.% of a first polymer electrolyte (E1) and a first solvent (S1) with a boiling point or an azeotropic point = 60-220C, and (b) rotating the cylinder to evaporate the solvent (S1) by means of the generated centrifugal force. A first polymer electrolyte membrane is thus formed with a cylindrical configuration with a uniform thickness on the inner surface of the cylinder.    Also claimed are a fuel cell comprising polymer electrolyte membrane (EM) and a pair of electrodes sandwiching it.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is more convenient than processes such as melt extrusion and membrane extension.
A method for making a composite ion exchange membrane comprising: fabricating a layered precursor comprising a microporous support of highly fluorinated nonionic polymer adhered to a layer of highly fluorinated sulphonyl halide polymer; hydrolysing said precursor to convert said highly fluorinated sulphonyl halide polymer to a highly fluorinated sulphonate polymer; impregnating said support with a highly fluorinated sulphonate polymer or precursor in a polar liquid medium, after hydrolysing; removing the polar liquid medium; and heating to coalesce the polymer in the support.    USE -   For electrolytic and fuel cells, and for electrochemical separations by facilitated transport, diffusion dialysis, electrodialysis, pervaporation, and vapour permeation.    ADVANTAGE -   Process is suitable for commercial scale manufacture.
A spherical section electrochemical cell stack comprising: (a) a spherical section top end plate (12) and a spherical section bottom end plate (14); (b) spherical section electrochemical cells (16A) to (16N) secured between the top and bottom end plates so that the curvature dimensions of the top and bottom end plates and of the spherical section electrochemical cell are in parallel alignment; (c) electrical conductivity means for passing a current through the cell; (d) a spherical section pressure header (18) secured to the spherical section bottom end plate by bolts (172A) so that the curvature dimensions of the bottom end plate and spherical section pressure header are in opposed alignment to define a high pressure chamber (20) between the bottom end plate and pressure header.    USE -   In electrolysing substances particularly for producing oxygen from water for use in air and space craft.    ADVANTAGE -   The spherical section electrochemical cell includes an outer ring surrounding spherical section mechanical support components that direct loads to the outer ring. The outer ring of the cell and the top and bottom end plates co-operate to contain internal operating pressure loads during operation of the cell stack. Consequently the mechanical support components do not have to be as strong or large as mechanical support components of prior art flat electrochemical cells achieving weight, volume and cost savings. The integral high pressure chamber may be filled with a drying and/or filtering agent so that the product gas may pass through the chamber before leaving the stack. By combining the spherical section bottom end plate with the spherical section pressure header to define the high pressure chamber a savings of more than half the weight and volume of prior art high pressure filtering/drying chambers is achieved. The spherical section electrochemical cell stack also i
The battery has an insulating film equipped with a photocatalyst which surrounds an opto-electric transducer.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents traffic accident by evoking caution according to road sign. Prevents reproduction of mold or bacteria.
The semiconductor contains an electrically conductive material which adsorbs the spectroscopy sensitising dye or pigment.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides inexpensive solar battery with superior conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - The photocatalyst consists of an electrode catalyst which is formed on the surface of a solar battery, instead of a transparent electrode. Due to a simultaneous effect of light and electricity on the electrode catalyst surface, a chemical reaction is performed.    USE -   Used for decomposing harmful material in water purification. Used for decomposing surface active agent, organic substance, pigments in waste liquid obtained from washing and printing. Used for decomposing NOx in atmospheric air and deodorisation.    ADVANTAGE -   Chemical reactions such as decomposition of harmful materials are performed on the surface of the electrode catalyst by optical catalytic activity due to electromotive force of solar battery. Decomposition of surface active agent is performed without requiring energy other than light.
The method involves coating a metallic organic compound containing cadmium and sulphur on a substrate (1). Another substrate (3) for film forming is made to contact the coated substrate.    A heating unit (4) with a belt arrangement for conveying the substrate, heats the coated substrate. The velocity of belt decides the continuous processing of the substrate. A cadmium- sulphide film is formed on the substrate for film forming.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves conversion efficiency by raising uniform crystallinity.
The method involves maintaining the temperature of the battery above the melting point of an electrolyte after the battery stops generating electricity. The purge gas supplied to the battery after the battery stops generating electricity contains carbon dioxide mixed with an inert gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Restrains growth of lithium aluminate particles on electrolyte board. Prevents formation of rough hole in electrolyte board.
The battery (1) has an anode (12) and a cathode (13) situated on either surfaces of a solid body polymer film (11) at its centre. The anode and cathode side collectors (40,41) are attached along the periphery of the polymer film. The size of the collector is larger than that of the adjacent electrode.    ADVANTAGE -   Ensures reliable and durable gas seal structure.
The apparatus consists of two chambers A and B coupled with two pipelines (AB,BA). Gas generated in one chamber is supplied to the other chamber through the pipelines. Chlorinated silicon gas and hydrogen gas are supplied to chamber A which reacts to form polycrystalline silicon and hydrogen chloride gas. The HCl gas is supplied to chamber B, into which metal silicon is introduced, and reacted to form chlorinated silicon gas and hydrogen.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   An effective usage of the waste gas generated during polycrystalline silicon manufacture is done. Polycrystalline silicon is easily manufactured by this inexpensive method.
NOVELTY - A reaction container (8) is provided with the reforming catalyst layer (10) which deforms original fuel to reforming gas. A fuel inlet (17) and reformed gas outlet (20) is provided for the container. A furnace (1) supplies combustion gas through several trip tubes present in the reforming catalyst layer. The trip tubes are in the shape of an inverted U to form an inlet (12) and outlet (13). A fuel shield (22) is provided along the periphery of the reaction container.    USE -   For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves reforming efficiency and reduces escape of methane. Heating time is also shortened.
The substrate (10) has a thin metal plate (12). A polyimide film (14) with thickness 3-10 micrometers is stuck on the metal plate (12) using an adhesive layer (16).    USE -   Solar battery, reflective LCD and EL display devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides substrate without generating pin holes economically and stably. Does not generate curl or curvature by corrosion.
One or more solar battery cells are formed by depositing an opto-electric conversion layer, and electrodes on a substrate. At least connections between the solar battery cell(s) and wiring for externally delivering power are sandwiched by a weather-resistant resin film consisting of an ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer through a sheet-like adhesive for sealing. Oxygen, and nitrogen are contained on the surface of the resin film.    USE -   The solar battery module is stuck and fixed to a translucent substrate made of glass, glass windowpane, flat-, or curved-wall, or sheet-like leisure goods.    ADVANTAGE -   The ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer contg. the oxygen, and the nitrogen evolves an -OH gp., -COOH gp., NH3 gp. on its surface. The gps. enhance adhesive strength stability with respect to the sheet-like adhesive, including an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a good hydrophilic property. The hydrophilic property enhances cleaning by rain water. The solar battery module is easily stuck to the flat-, or curved wall or support and has superior durability.
The method involves forming a cadmium-sulphide film on a substrate. Then, heat treating of cadmium-sulfide film is performed for removal of impurities from the film.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces impurities by heat treating. Improves crystallinity of film.
The method involves using a solution of H3PO4 and HCL which are mixed in predetermined ratio. The ratio is maintained such that the resist mask is not removed by the etchant.    USE -   For light reception device, opto-electric transducer used in optical communication.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates formation of SiNx film thereby reducing cost.
The generator has a heating gas formation part (R) which generates a heating gas. The heating gas is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. A fuel battery electricity generation part (1) to which a part of the heating gas is supplied is reacted for electricity generation. The electricity generation part has a stream isolation part (2) which separates steam from the circulating cooling water. A part of the hydrocarbon raw material supplied is burnt in a heating gas generation part for generating heating gas. The hydrocarbon raw material reacts with the steam separated by the stream isolation part and generates the heating gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases thermal efficiency as well as overall efficiency.
The method involves performing steam reforming of preheated original hydrocarbon gas in a fuel modifier. Steam is supplied abundantly to the heat exchanger of a fuel battery after introducing reformed fuel gas into it. The remainder steam is supplied to the inner walls of the heat exchanger.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies washing of heat exchangers, continuously. Prevents reduction of heat exchanger performance.
The method involves using carbon powder as sealant for reaction gas and electrolyte leaking from a battery. Waste carbon powder is introduced from a nozzle (2) to the peripheral side of carbon material (11) provided with grooves for fixing carbon paper. The carbon material is mounted on a suction chuck (4) for supporting carbon powder filling.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces working time for filling sealant. Increases sealing property.
The cell has a fuel pole and oxygen pole. A solid electrolytic film is provided on the fuel pole. The film is formed by electrodeposition, through a plated layer on the fuel pole.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents grain growth on fuel pole even at high temperature. Prevents reduction of electrode performance. Offers thin and inexpensive solid electrolyte film.
The conductive film which is coated on a base, has an applied liquid composition obtained by mixing a conductive fine particle sol liquid with a conductive sol gel film. The liquid composition is a conductive paint obtained by dispersing conductive fine particles in a conductive binder. The applied liquid is baked at 400 C in a reducing environment, before coating onto the base.    ADVANTAGE -   Has improved carrier mobility with low resistance factor. Enables high transmittance of light and low absorption loss. Features improved conductivity and visualisation transparency.
Aprotic electrolytic soln. is fixed on a polyolefin film having fine pores and contg. wax having affinity to the aprotic electrolytic soln.    USE -   The aprotic electrolytic thin film is used for fuel cells, batteries, separating membrane, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Large area aprotic electrolytic thin film is formed easily, and has long period stability.
Aprotic electrolytic soln. is fixed on a polyolefin film having fine pores and has affinity to the aprotic electrolyte.    USE -   The aprotic electrolytic thin film is used for fuel cells, batteries, separating membrane, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Large area aprotic electrolytic thin film is formed easily, and has long period stability.