NOVELTY - A methane gas generator uses agricultural wastes as fuel and has a heated (16) fermenter operating in the range 25 to 75 degrees C in association with a heat exchanger (9). Gas is collected in an 80 liter polyethylene bag (7) is located within a timber-built box with an overhead hinged hatch (1).    USE - Methane gas generator using especially waste agricultural products.    ADVANTAGE - The gas generator requires 2.3 square meters of floor space, in comparison with typically 300 square meters floor space of prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas pipe (5) is a flexible metal hose which translates to a rigid tube, and incorporates three backflow prevention ball valves. A first valve (10) stops the flow of gas from the fermenter, a second (4) relieves the excess pressure valve, while the third (2) lets gas out of the bag for use as required.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an isometric diagram of the generator with timber framed gas holder containing a polyethylene gas bag.    Timber framed gas holder with overhead hatch (1)    Third non-return valve (2)    Second non-return valve (4)    Gas pipe (5)    Polyethylene gas bag (7)    Heat exchanger (9)    First non-return valve (10)    Heated gas generating fermenter (16)
NOVELTY - Waste containing organic matter is composted by feeding the waste into a bioreactor (6) enclosed in a first closed building (35) and is then matured in a second building (13) to produce a refined compost. A negative pressure is maintained in the first and second buildings by pumping air, containing malodorous substances, out of the building to a biofilter (52) which removes the odorous substances.    USE - Particularly composting household, commercial and industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a process which transforms waste into a usable product in a safe, economical, efficient, and odor free, manner, with a minimal fraction directed to land fill, with minimal toxicity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM refers to a biofilter, for extracting odorous substances, produced by composting organic matter, from air, having a network of perforated lines to inject the air into a rock bed base, covered by a homogeneous bed of wood chips, bark, and organic material, maintained at a predetermined humidity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composting system    delivery truck (3)    bioreactor (6)    waste sorting building (9)    maturing building (13)    compost refining building (27)    refined compost storage building (30)    biofilter (52)
NOVELTY - Bioconversion waste water treatment plant includes an additional transport linear or circular motion of a rotating biocontactor (22) while treated water is stationary. The biocontactor is carried along the tank by a trolley frame (21) and is submerged in the tank. The biocontactor continuously rotates about its shaft (30) while moving in the tank.    USE - For waste water treatment of olive oil processing plant.    ADVANTAGE - The phytotoxicity is reduced and the waste water is converted into ecological fertilizer. The biocontactor inoculates, mixes and oxygenates a multiple tank volume and a greater waste water volume, so that the system has improved efficiency and is cheap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of the bioreactor.    Frame (21)    Biocontactor (22)    Shaft (30)
NOVELTY - A barium-exchanged ETS-4 molecular sieve contains barium as at least 30 % of the exchangeable cations.    USE - The molecular sieve is used to remove nitrogen from methane, particularly from natural gas wells, e.g. using a pressure swing cycle.    ADVANTAGE - Barium-exchanged ETS-4 is thermally stable in dehydration processes, and has adsorptivity towards nitrogen which is 5 - 50 times greater its adsorptivity towards methane at ambient pressure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process to separate nitrogen from a mixture of nitrogen and methane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure compares the gravimetric adsorptions of nitrogen and methane by BaETS-4 calcined at 250degreesC for 16 hours under vacuum. Nitrogen equilibrates in seconds and methane requires over 10 minutes.
NOVELTY - A control unit stores quantity of fertilizer lump to be dehydrated and sent to measurement hopper. Quantity of the lump to be granulated by a granulator at specific time is also stored. Corresponding to the stored information, dehydration and granulation are performed with control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dehydrator dehydrates the fertilizer lump and then, the fertilizer is sent to the measurement hopper through pipings, from which it is supplied to the granulator through another pipeline, for stirring and granulating. A powder measurement hopper supplies powder to the granulator. The dehydrator is installed above the granulator and the measurement hopper above the dehydrator. Bags with powder are conveyed by conveyors to the powder measurement hopper where seal breaking of the bags are performed. An observation department observes the fertilizer granulation operation. Some of the fertilizer particles are stored in the granulation retainer. A camera shots the stored fertilizer particles present in the retainers. A signal processing display measures the particles size shot by the camera. Based on the particle size information, granulation is performed which is controlled by the control unit.    USE -   In waste water treatment plant of agricultural colonies.    ADVANTAGE -   Fertilizer lump or sewage sludge can be supplied automatically by operating the control unit, as the control unit controls the supply amount. Fertilizer production system becomes excellent and grain like fertilizer is obtained by automation. Working expense in plants for processing is reduced and recycling becomes possible by providing the system. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fertilizer production system. Parts list: (1) Granulator; (17A) Dehydrator; (17B) Measurement hopper; (18B) Powder measurement hopper; (34) Camera; (35) Display; (C) Control unit.
NOVELTY - The compost is manufactured by adding oligosaccharides to used mushroom culture medium and fermenting the mixture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the compost.    USE -   For manufacture of compost.    ADVANTAGE -   The rate of fermentation of the raw material culture medium is increased and the compost is effectively manufactured.
NOVELTY - A container-type composting apparatus is moved to an organic refuse collected area for injection filling of refuse. During apparatus transportation to compost consumption ground, the composting process is performed. A sorter then removes foreign materials and a conveyor automatically conveys the sorted refuse to a crusher for fine crushing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the container-type composting apparatus which includes an openable door for refuse insertion. A compost extraction door, exhaust port and a feed pipe are provided. Through a tube connected with air inlet, air is discharged along with oxygen for compost production. An inner wall is formed with reinforced plastic material. Between inner and outer walls, heat insulating materials are placed. A heater is provided between inner walls and heat insulators. Through an air ejection pipe, air is discharged to stirring blade which is actuated by both-way actuator.    USE -   For composting organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus can be moved to the refuse collected area by ship or truck which reduces conveyance cost and enables effective use of resources. The sorter and the crusher sorts out the refuse from foreign materials and crushes them respectively and therefore helps compost promotion. The stirring blade stirs the organic refuse along with oxygen supply and the heater shortens the process cycle. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the container-type composting apparatus using the organic refuse processing system. Parts list: (34) Exhaust port; (36) Compost extraction door.
NOVELTY - A water content adjusting process and primary fermentation process is performed in the collection vehicle, at each refuse collection point. After collection process, the organic refuse is fed to a processing unit where the primary fermentation process is continued and the fermented refuse is then transferred to maturing zone and the mature fermentation process is performed.    USE -   For decomposition of organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The process enables effective utilization of the refuse collection vehicle and aids in reducing the installation cost. The refuse processing is efficiently carried out.
NOVELTY - The excrement is mixed with Aspergillus spores and the organic substance present is decomposed and fermented by the germination of the spores. The growth of microorganism is enhanced by utilizing the decomposed organic substance as a source of nutrition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the excrement.    USE -   As fertilizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Effective usage of excrement is enabled. The processing is simple and inexpensive.
NOVELTY - Specific bacteria are mixed to sludge to form microbe mixture sludge. The temperature of the sludge before fermentation is raised by mixing fermented sludge at predetermined ratio which carries out heat generation. The sludge is fermented by curing the microbe mixture sludge for a predetermined period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the sludge temperature control system.    USE -   For disposing organic sludge e.g. organic refuse, feces, urine, livestock dung, industrial waste in cold districts.    ADVANTAGE -   By raising temperature of the sludge before fermentation, the freeze state of sludge in cold districts is eliminated. The threshold of zymosis of sludge is promoted quickly, by adjusting water component. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of sludge disposal plant.
NOVELTY - The microbe mixed sludge of organic waste in water is fermented in fermentation tank. The sludge generated by heat of fermentation is collected and condensed by condensers of water extraction system. During steam collection, condensed water dropping from the steam is collected in collection slots built around the fermentation tank.    USE -   For removing water from treated sludge of organic waste from meat processing units, faeces and urine from toilets, livestock dung etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Additional external heat source is not used for separating water, therefore improving economical efficiency. Recovered water does not have bad odor. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of sludge disposal plant and deodorization installation. Parts list: (6) Fermentation tank; (61) Water collection slot; (62) Condenser.
NOVELTY - A microbe mixture sludge is formed by mixing sludge with thermophilic bacteria or phototrophic bacteria. The microbe mixture sludge is fermented and purified by curing it for a predetermined period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the sludge disposal system.    USE -   For disposing industrial wastes, organic refuse, feces and urine, livestock dung.    ADVANTAGE -   By purifying the sludge by curing it for a predetermined period, the sludge is purified efficiently and the process is simple. A portion of purified sludge is returned for purification, hence quantity of spawn supplied newly is reduced. Water component of sludge is adjusted before purification is performed, hence subsequent zymosis is promoted quickly. Condensed water is recovered and is used for the deodorization hence efficiency of the process is raised. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the organic refuse processing system.
NOVELTY - Sludge stored in acceptable bath is sent to circulation tank and aerated and is made to contact a humus pellet that makes it circulate between circulation tank and sludge contact tank. An aerobic organism is added. The oxidation-reduction potential of the sludge is increased more than a set valve, a coagulant is added and mixed by mingling bath and dehydrated by a dehydrator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for describing the sludge disposal apparatus.    USE -   For processing sludge obtained during biochemical treatment of organic waste water, to remove phosphorus from sludge and to prevent its release into rivers etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents entrophication and phosphorus release into river reliably. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts block diagram of sludge removal apparatus. Parts list: (40) Sludge acceptable bath; (50) Sludge circulation tank; (60) Sludge contact tank; (90) Dehydrator.
NOVELTY - A conveyor has several rollers to agitate the fermenting mass. Steam is collected and condensed in collectors. Small quantities of water condensed during steam collection, are collected through slots. The recovered steam and water are sprayed into the tank by sprayers connected to the collectors to wash the compost, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In fermentation tank, where microbial composting of organic sludge is done, the conveyor for releasing steam generated by heat of fermentation is provided.    USE -   For removing smell of compost in organic waste treatment units for industrial and domestic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat of fermentation does not decrease the water in sludge, as the steam is recovered and recycled. Recovered water usage can be further planned. Effectively removes the bad smell from the fermentation tanks. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of the fermentation tank. Parts list: (6) Fermentation tank; (51) Conveyor; (61) Slots; (62) Collectors.
NOVELTY - The oily waste water is pretreated in a primary ultrafiltration equipment. A fluid bed-type bioreactor carries out the two tertiary treatments of processed primary waste water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing method of oily waste water.    USE -   In oily waste water processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   By processing highly concentrated oily waste water in ultra filtration equipment and bioreactor, the waste water can be released to the river and it does not cause any environmental pollution.
NOVELTY - An aeration stirrer is held by frame. Float mounted over frame keeps the apparatus afloat. A container is provided below the frame, which is kept submerged in water. The aeration stirrer is stirred to send air into the water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The container accommodates carriers which fix aerobic bacteria for water treatment.    USE -   For biological treatment of water contaminated with fats, oils, emulsifiers, detergents, by employing aerobic bacteria.    ADVANTAGE -   Aeration stirrer sends air inside polluted water to activate aerobic bacteria to treat the water. As the apparatus is a floating one, it can be used at any specific area of water to be purified. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows vertical section of water treatment apparatus. Parts list: (2) Aeration stirrer; (3) Frame; (4) Container; (5) Float.
NOVELTY - A liquid containing microorganisms, is injected in predetermined position of contaminant soil. The injected portion and contaminants containing hydrocarbon compound of vicinity are decomposed. After decomposing the contaminants of soil, a hardening agent for stiffening the decomposed soil is injected. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polluted soil purifying apparatus.    USE -   For soil purification.    ADVANTAGE -   By injecting liquid containing micro-organism into contaminant soil, efficient micro-organism purification of polluted soil becomes possible. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the model diagram showing injection state in soil of micro-organism liquid.
NOVELTY - Soil contaminated with organic compound is made to contact the crushed processed material of microorganism which decomposes the organic compound.    USE -   For recycling contaminated soil in petroleum refinery site, fuel base former site, pulp-mill former site.    ADVANTAGE -   Since there are no worries about deposition of secondary contaminants by microorganism, social perception is easily obtained. Avoids need for control of physiology activity of indispensable microorganism. Soil recovery can be performed by simple and inexpensive process.
NOVELTY - A gas exhauster fixed to exhaust tube of fermenter, forcibly exhausts the gas from upper space in fermenter. Inlet tube sends air in upper space of fermenter which mixes with water vapor. The gas exhaust exceeds the air supply by a predetermined amount.    USE -   In fermenter for aerobic fermentation of organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The gas exhauster ensures that gas exhaust exceeds the air supplied, therefore water vapor is removed quickly. The air supplied in upper space of fermenter does not carry away the calories produced by fermentation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of dew formation prevention structure. Parts list: (2) Fermenter; (5) Exhaust tube; (7) Gas exhauster; (8) Inlet tube.
NOVELTY - Organic and inorganic substances are separated in sorter (21) and inorganic materials are sent to melting furnace (25). The organic substances are fermented with methane releasing microbes in fermentation tank (26). Sludge from fermentation tank is mixed with inorganic material in the melting furnace and heated. Methane gas from fermentation tank is supplied to melting furnace for heating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for describing waste treatment method.    USE -   For treating waste water of faeces and urine and municipality waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Digested, fermented sludge has low volume and so treatment becomes easier. The final heated and melted waste is used as road surfacing material. The melting of sludge does not release toxic gases, thereby improves safety. As methane from fermentation is used for heating, cost of treatment is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows conceptual diagram of the equipment. (21) Sorter; (25) Melting furnace; (26) Fermentation tank.
NOVELTY - Several deodorizing tanks are serially connected so that the exhaust of tank becomes the input feed of the next tank. The tank arrangement in multistage microorganism deodorizing apparatus has carrier with microorganisms, for decomposing ammonia odor and the other tanks are used for deodorizing other odors.    USE -   For multistage microorganism deodorizing apparatus used for removing odor from organic waste, sewage plant, cattle sheds etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables processing of composite odor other than ammonia by arranging treatment tanks suitably. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of deodorizing apparatus. Parts list: (1,11) Deodorizing tank.
NOVELTY - An Enterobacter cloacae bacterial strain referred to as PB2 and deposited as NCIMB 40718, which is able to degrade trinitrotoluene (TNT), is new.    USE - The Enterobacter cloacae bacterial strain is useful for the preparation of compositions for the biodegradation of environmental waste containing TNT.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase enzyme (PETN) and its use in the biodegradation of TNT, and    (2) a biosensor for the detection of TNT.
NOVELTY - A catalytic chemical reaction process employs a catalytically active metal phase on an alpha silicon nitride based support and is carried out at 200-800degreesC.    USE - The silicon nitride is used as a catalyst support (claimed). The catalyst is used for oxidation reactions, especially combustion of methane (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The use of a support of alpha silicon nitride, instead of beta silicon nitride, allows reduction of the reaction temperature to avoid production of pollutants such as carbon monoxide (from decomposition of carbon dioxide and/or partial oxidation of methane) and nitrogen oxides (from oxidation of nitrogen in the air), while providing high stability and high reactivity under severe conditions, i.e. a highly exothermic oxidizing atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a catalyst comprising a catalytically active metal phase on an alpha silicon nitride based support.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a decomposition cell used for activating the catalyst precursor-impregnated support.    Argon inlet (1)    Argon outlet (2)    Impregnated support inlet (3)
(FI9704263-A)   NOVELTY - A multiport cyclone is used as the separation assembly. The gas flow to be treated is fed into the multiport cyclone via an inlet nozzle having an axially annular cross section. Gas flow to be treated is formed by the product gas of fluidized catalytic process. Separation from the gaseous phase under the effect of the centrifugal force occurs.    USE - Separating solids from gas flows of fluidized catalytic processes circulating suspended solids.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the multi-inlet cyclone gives significant advantages in flow dynamics and process engineering over conventional arrangements and generally used single-port cyclones.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - an INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a cyclone assembly for separating solids from gas flow including:    (1) a separation chamber having an essentially upright aligned longitudinal axis and an essentially circular cross section of its interior wall;    (2) an infeed nozzle connecting separating chamber to a fluidized-catalyst reactor (30);    (3) a center tube (23) connected to separation chamber for removal of gases and a dipleg (27) for recovering the solids separated from the gas flow.    Separation chamber includes a guide vane louver (25) for inducing the gas to be treated to flow along interior wall of separation chamber, effecting separation of solids from the gaseous phase under the effect of the centrifugal force.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a conventional cyclone and a cyclone construction having two series-connected cyclones directly adapted into an FCC regenerator.    Regenerator (18)    Bottom grate nozzles (17, 29)    Space (19)    Guide vane (20)    Chamber (21, 26)    Return leg (22)    Center tube (23)    Channel (24)    Guide vane louver (25)    Dipleg (27)    Outlet tube (28, 33)    Regenerator (30)    Primary cyclone (31)    Secondary cyclone (32)
NOVELTY - A process for the reduction of rubbish by thermal and biological treatment is new, and comprises using a double walled rubbish container. Hot water is continuously circulated within the walls using a pump and the hot water is obtained from the exhaust gases of a lorry or from a solar collector.    USE - The process is used to reduce rubbish.    ADVANTAGE - The rubbish can be treated during transport to its end storage point.
NOVELTY - A control system senses the temperature in at least one of its compartments and detects particular gases in the air discharged from the composter. A processor takes this input data and indicates when it is out of range.    USE - Controlling a rotary composter handling manure, garbage, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Composter operation is automated and it can be controlled from a remote location.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (a) The control system has temperature sensors (62) in all compartments (33). (b) The system detects the presence of ammonia and carbon dioxide in the discharge air using a sampling device (67). (c) A system as in (a) and (b). (d) A rotary composter with the system of (c). (e) A rotary composter as in (d) in which the control system changes the speed of the drum (11) and the air infeed to bring the temperatures and discharge gases within range. The control system has a microprocessor using a look up table to determine corrective action. Preferred Features: The processor also measures ambient air temperature. The processor collects data from its sensors at periodic intervals. The period is varied depending on ambient temperature. The drum speed can be controlled manually through the processor.
NOVELTY - A bioremediation device has a dissolvable element with a variable concentration. The concentration is strongest upon initial contact with a waste in order to remediate it. The concentration weakens over time so as to maintain the remediation of waste.    USE - Reducing the grease, scum and other organic content of sewage collection systems and grease traps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (a) The device where the element is soluble in the waste and has a higher concentration of active ingredient(s) at its outside. (b) A remediation process as above. Preferred Features: The element includes biodegradable surfactants, bacteria and enzymes. The element is contained in netting (22) and suspended by a line in the waste. An outer layer (50) having the higher concentration is all dissolved before an inner layer (40) with a lower concentration begins to dissolve.
(KR98034777-A)   NOVELTY - A polyamide membrane for separating fluids and gases contains polyamide units derived from 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine.    USE - Used for separating fluids and gases.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has a large free volume and good permeation properties such as permeability and permeation selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A separation membrane for separating fluids comprises a high molecular weight polyamide having a repeating unit of formula (I).    R=an aliphatic or aromatic organic group derived from a dicarboxylic acid or halide.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for separating a gas mixture with at least two components. The gas mixture is contacted with the polyamide membrane and one component of the gas mixture passes through the membrane at a faster rate and is selectively separated.
NOVELTY - The sulfur containing chemical compound which forms sulfur oxides at below 1000 C, is supplied to the waste which generates aromatic halide hydrogen chloride gas, chlorine gas or metal chloride, during combustion. The mixture is subsequently combusted in the presence of oxygen gas at 200-1000 C.    USE -   For combusting industrial waste and city refuse in incineration plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of strong toxic aromatic halide is effectively reduced, by adding sulfur containing chemical compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the block diagram of incineration plant for combustion of waste.
NOVELTY - Organic waste is gasified in low and high temperature oxidation reactors (10,30), respectively. The slag ejected from a dust collector is mixed with organic waste, palletised and again supplied in the low temperature oxidation reactor, for recycling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the organic waste gasification equipment.    USE -   For recycling organic waste such as sewage sludge, waste plastic, biomass waste, motor vehicle waste etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Gasification efficiency is increased and unreacted carbon is effectively utilised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of organic waste incinerator. (10,30) Oxidation reactors; (12) Organic waste.
A modification-decomposition method for fossil fuels or polymers such as vulcanised rubber comprises mixing water as reaction solvent with a fossil fuel such as coal, oil sand oil, Orinoco oil and shale oil or a polymer optionally containing a heteromolecule such as vulcanised rubber or a polymer optionally containing heteromolecules, filling the mixture into a reactor and mixing the mixture under high temperature and high pressure of supercritical or subcritical state of water in the substantial absence of hydrogen or a hydrogen-donative material to cause hydrodecomposition by hydrogen-donative action of water.    USE -   The modification and/or decomposition method are useful for low grade fossil fuels and as resource reclamation of waste plastics and vulcanised rubber.    ADVANTAGE -   The modification and/or decomposition can be carried out on industrial scale.
NOVELTY - An atmosphere transfer unit transfers the odor generating from processed material along with air in treatment tank to a combustion chamber. A porous tube is provided in one end side of the chamber so that the odor component after burning in the chamber passes through the tube holes to a combustion gas aeration path.    USE -   For processing refuse e.g. livestock dung, sludge etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The work environment is improved by the prevention of the transudation of a bad odor to the exterior of the apparatus, by leaking the odor externally. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of fermentation processing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Treatment tank; (4) Combustion chamber; (5) Aeration path; (42) Porous tube.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse is compressed by a compression plate which is provided with protruding line and vertical groove, such that water component is removed from organic refuse and supplied to a decomposition chamber.    USE -   For decomposing organic refuse using bacteria.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the organic refuse are pulverized, it is easy to efficiently decompose organic refuse with bacteria. The curved board along the curved surface of the compression plate enables the smooth transport of organic refuse. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of decomposition apparatus for organic refuse. Parts list: (3) Compression plate; (3a) Protruding line; (3b) Vertical groove.
NOVELTY - Organic waste is processed using Thermophilus actinomyces at 70-90C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the waste processing apparatus having a bio-treatment tank. The bio-treatment tank for microbial processing of crushed waste is provided with heater.    USE -   For treatment of organic waste produced at homes and restaurants.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is efficient and can be performed at a short time and does not need huge apparatus.
NOVELTY - A processing apparatus is new, and comprises a hollow shaft supported to a base by pillars. A horizontal fermentation cylinder which is rotated intermittently, surrounds the centrally supported rotatable shaft. A cover which is installed on the base surrounds the cylinder. The apparatus has a front wall of the cover for inserting front end of the cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The front portion of the cover is provided with opening for insertion of organic wastes. The rear portion of the cylinder is provided with outlet for receiving the fermentation products. The internal circumference of the cylinder is provided with feeder blade, which supplies the organic refuse from the opening to middle of the cylinder. A feed pipe is connected to one end of the shaft. Multiple branch pipes which are connected to the shaft supplies air to the cylinder from the feed pipe for promoting fermentation.    USE -   For making compost products.    ADVANTAGE -   The rotatable shaft is not connected to the cylinder fermenter, so maintenance expense and mechanical failure are less. The air can always be supplied to the cylinder fermenter even during the stoppage of the cylinder, thus aerobic fermentation can be promoted. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows vertical side view and sectional drawing of organic refuse processing apparatus. Parts list: (10) Base; (11,12) Pillars; (13) Hollow shaft; (14) Cylinder; (20) Cover; (21) Front wall of cover; (24) Opening; (28) Feeder blade; (36) Outlet; (40) Branch pipe; (42) Feed pipe.
NOVELTY - A feeder (1) crushes flammable waste which is solidified in a molding machine (2). An air classifier (11) recovers unmolded particles from the solidified waste. A return pipe (13) returns the unmolded particles recovered by the classifier to the feeder.    USE -   For sorting domestic and industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the return pipe returns unsolidified matter to the feeder, the need for conveyor is eliminated, thereby preventing scattering of particles and saving space and power. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solidification apparatus of crushed flammable waste. (1) Feeder; (2) Molding machine; (11) Air classifier; (13) Return pipe.
NOVELTY - Aromatic carboxylic acid obtained from liquid phase oxidation of an alkyl aromatic compound is distilled to separate the acid and water slurry (6) as residue. Acetic acid contained in the filtrate (9) is then separated as solid, by liquid-liquid extraction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the recovery of a heavy metal catalyst as carbonate, by solid-liquid separation of the filtrate obtained from aromatic carboxylic acid manufacture.    USE -   Acetic acid is recovered from waste water.    ADVANTAGE -   Since acetic acid is recovered from waste water, amount of alkali used for the recovery of catalyst is highly reduced and hence an economical and industrially profitable process is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the recovery of acetic acid. (6) Waste slurry; ; (9) Filtrate.
NOVELTY - The column type deodorizer has a filled layer (1) over which wash water sprinkler (2) is arranged. The filled layer is filled with synthetic resin made hollow carrier containing micro-organism as filler.    USE -   For removing odorous gas generated from sewage work, pumping station.    ADVANTAGE -   Pressure loss is reduced, hence deodorization efficiency is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows packed column type deodorizer. (1) Filled layer; (2) Water sprinkler.
NOVELTY - Deodorizing tanks (1,11) are serially connected such that the exhaust of front stage tank is transferred to the following stage tank. Further, the water sprinkled on a carrier (3) by a sprinkling unit (9) in the front stage tank is collected by a water supply pipe (5) and is supplied to the sprinkling unit of the following stage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The bad odor is transferred inside multiple deodorant tank that contains the carrier which carries microorganism. The odor is deodorized, due to the action of the microorganism and is exhausted to outside from the tanks.    USE -   For deodorizing compost content organic waste, sewage, livestock waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables processing odor efficiently, since exhaust of one stage is transferred to the following stage. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the deodorizer. (1,11) Deodorizing tanks; (3) Carrier; (5) Water supply pipe; (9) Water sprinkling unit.
NOVELTY - A combustion chamber baffle plate (63) is inserted within a reaction container (51). Outer and inner peripheries of rectification block (83) contacts internal surface of container and solid electrolyte fuel battery cell assembly (52) fixed to baffle plate. Projection height (h1) of the block is higher than projection height (h2) of battery cell from baffle plate.    USE -   Solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces thermal stress around the opening of the cell as circulation of hot combustion gas near the opening is prevented by the rectification block. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of a solid electrolyte battery. (51) Reaction container; (52) Fuel battery cell assembly; (63) Baffle plate; (83) Rectification blocks.
NOVELTY - Slurried organic waste (D) is supplied from family yard to a gas formation unit (17) with transportation pipe (P) and methane is generated. Methane is used as fuel by organic refuse processing system and for fuel battery for electricity generation which is supplied to family yards and homes.    USE -   Utilising organic waste for generating domestic electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Generates electricity from domestic organic waste, and thus utilises waste whilst also providing electric to the house. Reduces refuse bag consumption by using pipe for transportation, and thus reduces cost of conveyance. Money can be made by selling dump power to electric power firm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas supply apparatus for fuel batteries using organic waste. (17) Gas formation unit; (D) Slurried organic waste; (P) Transportation pipe.
NOVELTY - The metal plate (203) used as base material for separator, has plated surface. The base material is constituted by complex oxide of silver, chromium nitride, and a platinum group or the composite of boron carbide and nickel.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers separator with high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded view of fuel battery consisting of separator. (203) Metal plate.
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a container (11) partitioned by gas diffusion electrodes (12,13) forming a central reaction chamber (16) and gas supply chambers (14,15). The central chamber accommodates methanol layer (17) that acts as electrolyte and oil layer (18). Two kinds of gas are supplied from the gas supply chambers to reaction chamber through the diffusion electrodes.    USE -   For fuel battery used in electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   As the gas diffusion electrodes itself generate heat, the temperature of methanol and oil is increased and a reaction takes place, therefore separate power supply for heating is not required. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an explanatory diagram of fuel manufacturing apparatus. (11) Container; (12,13) Gas diffusion electrodes; (14,15) Gas supply chambers; (16) Reaction chamber; (17) Methanol layer; (18) Oil layer.
NOVELTY - An apparatus arrangement for reducing the organic components in clarified slurry comprises a first container for sludge and a second container for thermal disintegration.    USE - For reducing the organic components in clarified slurry.    ADVANTAGE - Considerable reduction of organic dry substances in achieved.
NOVELTY - Clarification sludge is treated, after addition of finely shredded vegetable matter and a flocculating agent and thickening, for composting to humus.    USE - For treatment of clarification sludge to produce humus for agricultural use.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides binding of more than 90 % of the leachable nitrogen compound content of the sludge so that the resulting humus has a leachable nitrogen compound content of below 0.5 %, therefore avoiding the need for washing out these compounds to prevent ground water contamination.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The vegetable matter comprises straw granules obtained by subjecting straw to drying, grinding, compacting to coarse granules and regrinding to a compact powder for addition to the sludge. The vegetable matter may be added before or after dewatering of the sludge. The thickened sludge is composted at a heap height of at least 1 (preferably 2.5) m and is aerated during composting.
NOVELTY - A worm reactor (I) which includes a container with a leveling means for maintaining a uniform level of waste material is new.    USE - (I) is used to produce compost from domestic and kitchen waste, agricultural and abattoir waste.    ADVANTAGE - The new reactor provides an inexpensive and efficient method of disposal of organic waste. In addition the reactor allows disposal of waste at source, removing the requirement for transportation. The reactor is pest-free and can be operated with a minimum of unskilled labor. It is totally enclosed and creates a controlled artificial climate, allowing the worms to work 24 hours a day.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A worm reactor which includes a container with a leveling means fro maintaining a uniform level of waste material is new and also comprises a discharge means allowing collection.
NOVELTY - A digester tank (1) has a preferably peripheral stirrer (22) fitted in a stirrer shaft or tube (12) located below the tank filling socket (7).    USE - The digester tank is useful for waste organic matter decomposition and fermentation in agricultural bio-gas units and municipal clarification plants.    ADVANTAGE - The stirrer provides improved thorough mixing of the waste matter and thus increases the digester tank efficiency and gas separation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for intermittently operating a stirrer (22) in the above digester tank (1), in which the tank contents are stirred during material introduction through the tank filling socket (7).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side cross-sectional view of a digester tank according to the invention.    Digester tank (1)    Gas storage hood (2)    Tank filling socket (7)    Outlet (8)    Stirrer tube (12)    Tank bottom (20)    Stirrer (22)    Stirrer drive shaft (23)
NOVELTY - The use of alkane or cycloalkane as ozone/environment-friendly foaming agent in combination with fluoroamine, taking part in pore formation process.    USE - In building and construction industry, as heat-insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - The foam combines high compressive strength with low surface brittleness, high dimensional stability, high solvent and heat resistance, good processability and good fire-retardant properties, and also it is ozone-friendly and has low coefficient of greenhouse effect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The foamed phenol resin material has following characteristics: independent porosity at least 80%, average pore size 10-400 mm and thermal conductivity 0.025 kcal/m hour degreesC or lower. The phenol foam is composed of part consisting of pores filled with gas containing 4-6C saturated hydrocarbon, and a resin part consisting of phenol resin containing 0.01-5 wt.% of at least one type of fluoroamine of formula (CaFb)3N (I) where a is 4 or more, and b is 2a+1. The weight of gas filling the pores of foam preferably amounts to 2-35 wt.% of total weight of phenol foam.
NOVELTY - A multistep bioremediation process for treating mixed hazardous waste comprising the steps of denitrification and methanogenesis is new.    USE - For treating a liquid or slurry hazardous waste stream or to treat contaminated groundwater. The process can be used to remove aromatic hydrocarbons e.g. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, phenols and cresols, halogenated hydrocarbons e.g. tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, heavy metals e.g. copper, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium, acids e.g. sulfuric acid, nitric acid and salts e.g. sulfates and nitrates from contaminated waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a process of mixed hazardous waste remediation comprising delivery of hazardous waste containing at least one halogenated hydrocarbon to the first of a series of connected reactors where by means of enrichment biological reduction of an oxyanion occurs, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons are biologically produced in the second reactor and the pH of the waste is increased in at least one of the reactors; and    (2) a process for bioremediation of hazardous wastes comprising the delivery to a first reactor of a liquid substrate comprising water and mixed hydrocarbons, the first reactor is operated under anoxic, mixed conditions at a constant temperature and pH and a mean cell residence time that washes out methanogenic bacteria and produces a first effluent which is delivered to a second reactor that is operated under predetermined conditions to cause methanogenesis and produce a second effluent.
NOVELTY - The composite or asymmetric membrane comprises a miscible blend of an aromatic polyether sulfone having repeating unit (I) and an aromatic polyimide having repeating unit (II).    USE - The membrane is used for separating hydrogen from other gases including nitrogen, carbon monoxide and methane; for separating carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor from natural gas; and the enrichment of air by nitrogen or oxygen. In addition hydrogen is recovered from ammonia production plants and from coal gasification processes used in production of synthetic fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane shows high permeability and selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composite or asymmetric membrane comprises a miscible blend of an aromatic polyether sulfone having repeating unit (I) and an aromatic polyimide having repeating unit (II).
The production of a castable epoxy material comprises mixing, at 120 degrees with stirring, epoxy resins with diamino diphenyl sulphone. Cooling after further heating with stirring to 130 degrees C, with addition of quartz fines at 90 degrees C, is followed by homogenising, 20-25 min., at 30-40 mmHg and 95-100 degrees C. Then diamino diphenyl methane is added with homogenising for 5 min.    USE -   In coating of class F dry transformer and electric motor coiled disc rotors.
NOVELTY - Organic processed substances which retain Escherichia coli are taken in a tank attached with an air blower in an open fermenter. The fermentation temperature is raised rapidly to more than 70C and maintained at more than 60C on the first day until completion of fermentation. The scavenging time and the operation of the blower are controlled and repeated.    USE -   For forming compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Re-proliferation of Escherichia coli can be prevented by maintaining the fermentation temperature until fermentation is complete. Fermentation can be controlled easily without complicated equipment. The operator's safety is maintained Escherichia coli O157 is used for composting.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse is supplied to a sealed steel drum (1) which is heat insulated. The refuse is heated and stirred under controlled temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for composting apparatus that has a heater for heating the refuse. The vanes stir the refuse. The drum has lids (9,14) which are opened for refuse injection and compost removal. The heating unit of the drum includes pipes (3) through which liquid or steam of predetermined temperature is passed. The drum has tapered inner wall (6) inclining towards the center of the drum.    USE -   For composting of organic refuses.    ADVANTAGE -   Large quantities of organic refuse are composted at short period. The incineration process of refuse is eliminated. The carbon dioxide produced during incineration is prevented. Thus environmental safety is obtained. The refuse converted to compost is used as chemical fertilizers thus ecosystem is balanced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the composting machine. (1) Sealed steel drum; (3) Pipes; (6) Inner wall; (9,14) Lids.
NOVELTY - Waste plastic such as film are processed in a compression moulding apparatus (6). The plastic material is crushed and metallic objects are separated from it, followed by rolling by a roller (9) which pushes the material to die walls of a die (10) with through holes (14). The plastic (11) is compressed and injected out through the die holes, followed by casting to form granules.    USE -   As refuse derived fuel for blast furnace and cement kilns, etc..    ADVANTAGE -   Granulation of plastics to the shape suitable for charging to blast furnaces is enabled. Waste plastics are recycled efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a side view of structure of compression moulding apparatus. (6) Compression moulding apparatus; (9) Roll roller; (10) Die; (11) Plastic; (12) Cutter; (14) Die hole; (15) Compression molded substance.
NOVELTY - The fermentation apparatus consists of a fermenter (9) provided with a heater and stirrer in the upper stage. A drier tank (27) is provided with a heater and stirrer in the lower stage. The fermenter and the drier tank communicate through an opening (22) provided with a shutter (21). A dam is provided along the circumference of the opening.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fermentation of organic waste in the fermentation apparatus.    USE -   For fermenting organic waste containing waste from animals, plants, mowed grass, organic refuse etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Installation space can be reduced by half. The fermented material need not be transferred to the drier as the fermenter and the drier are connected by the opening. The material to be processed can be retained in the fermenter by the dam provided along the circumference of the opening. The hot exhaust air is deodorized and dehumidified, thereby providing a clean work environment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a model of the fermentation apparatus. (9) Fermenter; ; (10) Circulating pipe line; ; (11) Air blower; ; (13) Air scoop; ; (16) Exhaust pipe line; ; (21) Shutter; ; (22) Opening; ; (27) Drier tank.
NOVELTY - The opening in the top portion of the refuse container (DN) is closed with an airtight lid (DA). Soil containing earthworms (SL) is placed in the container and the earthworms and soil passes through the holes. The refuse is decomposed and solid permeates the water formed during the process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic refuse container (DN) with holes (H1-Hn) in its lower portion, is inserted in a holding container (CA) made of permeable stryol resin. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an organic refuse manufacturing apparatus in which the container made of stryol plastic resin has an open top portion. A net bag (FB) packed with fibrous substances such as crushed corrugated cardboard is provided in the container. The organic refuse container has a lower portion bonded to a plastic pipe which is stored in the container. Multiple holes are provided in the lower portion of the refuse container near the plastic pipe. Soil containing earthworms is placed in the container above the net bag. A heater is placed in the soil. The whole refuse container except the lid is covered with the net bag and the soil.    USE -   For installation in homes, apartments, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   As the method allows decomposition of organic refuse and reduces the harmful effects of microorganisms and serious environmental problems such as air pollution, and global warming generated by incineration of organic refuse is prevented. As the apparatus may be installed in the home, movement of organic refuse from each home to a process field is eliminated. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the organic refuse processing apparatus. (CA) Container; ; (DA) Airtight lid; ; (DN) Organic refuse accommodation container; ; (FB) Net bag containing fibrous substances; ; (H1-Hn) Holes; ; (SL) Soil containing earthworms.
NOVELTY - Fermenter (2) has a culture tank (4) having a refuse exhaust outlet (3). Heater (5) and another heater provided at the exterior of tank, heat the exterior and interior of the tank, respectively. Fermentable and non-fermentable refuse are crushed using stirring blades (9,10). A sieve (13) separates the obtained product into fermented powder (11) and non-fermented material (12). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air-tight fermenter (2) has a retractable cover (1) through which the fermentable refuse and non-fermentable refuse are introduced.    USE -   For fermenting organic refuse such as vegetable waste ejected from restaurants, fish food packaging tray, cellophane, half-split chopsticks, beer stopper, livestock dung.    ADVANTAGE -   Performs fermentation in 24-28 hours and fermented product can be used as composed of fodder, hence improving fermentation efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a partial perspective diagram of fermenting apparatus. (1) Retractable cover; (2) Fermenter; (3) Exhaust outlet; (4) Culture tank; (5) Heater; (9,10) Stirring blades; (11) Fermented powder; (12) Non-fermented material; (13) Sieve.
NOVELTY - Refuse processing tank (2) with stirrer (1) has main processing tank (4) with sponge made of polyvinyl alcohol containing microorganisms, and equalizing tank (5). The tanks are separated by partition board (3) having opening (7) which does not allow passage of sponge material.    USE -   For disposal of raw refuse using microorganism.    ADVANTAGE -   As sponge is used for inhabitation of microorganism, life of sponge is increased. Sponge does not cross over from main processing tank to equalizing tank via hole in partition board due to large diameter of sponge particles. Offers sponge with good air permeability, water absorbence, stretchability, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance and non-decomposing in nature. Offers long-term raw refuse treatment power material made of sponge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front and side cross-sectional views of raw refuse processing tank. (1) Stirrer; (2) Refuse processing tank; (3) Partition board; (4) Main processing tank; (5) Equalizing tank; (7) Opening.
NOVELTY - Thermal cracking equipment for gasifying organic waste by thermal cracking process comprises a melting tank (7) for melting the organic waste, a molten matter carrying unit (16) for carrying the molten matter (7a) discharged from the tank (7) and a thermal cracking tank (1) for accepting the carried molten matter (7a) and for applying a thermal cracking process on the molten matter.    USE -   The equipment is suitable for recovering useful components from organic waste such as plastic, etc., by applying a thermal cracking process without the presence of oxygen.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal efficiency and the rate of operation of the equipment are improved.
NOVELTY - Reformer has equipment for continuous and spontaneous discharge of the condensate from its catalyst bed.    USE - The mobile equipment with reformer is a component of the drive system (claimed). The reformer is used for converting methanol to hydrogen, especially for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Very pure hydrogen (H2) is needed if fuel cells are to operate for 5000 hours. In stationary operation, steam reforming of methanol gives a product gas containing 66 vol.% H2. If the reformer is stopped, condensation damages the catalyst and reduces its activity and hence H2 production. When it is started again, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration increases, intermediates appear in the product gas and stationary operation is attained only after 20 minutes. These conditions occur regularly in fuel cells and reformers used in the drive system of mobile equipment, e.g. cars and aircraft. The usual method of avoiding condensation on the catalyst involves purging with complex control, with associated weight and space penalties. Continuous spontaneous discharge of the condensate, by the effect of gravity, avoids these problems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section of a reformer.    Inlet for gas to be reformed (1)    Catalyst zone (2)    Screen for retaining catalyst (3)    Side outlet for reformed gas (4)    Receiver below catalyst zone (5)
NOVELTY - A method for treating organic waste comprises processing the waste into organic fertilizers by using a mixture of active microorganisms capable of fermenting and degrading organic materials.    USE - The method and system are so simple that the farmer or the domestic gardener can apply these in own garden or yard.    ADVANTAGE - The treatment can be carried out for a short time using a simple and small system. This method helps energy conservation and contributes to a clean environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises:    (a) adding microorganisms contained in sewerage waste soil (100 g) to a mixture (1t) of the organic waste and a carbon material such as sawdust, grains, or twigs;    (b) adding water to adjust the moisture content to 70 % (humidity);    (c) placing the mixture in a fermentation container, the inside temperature of which is 65-85 degreesC while supplying air;    (d) maintaining the moisture (70 % humidity) and temperature during fermentation, and the mixture is also stirred;    (e) continuing fermentation for 2 months; and    (f) aging the fermented product at 50-65 % humidity in an aging yard with cutback every 10 or 20 days for 2 months.
NOVELTY - A process for separating ethane and propane hydrocarbons from a pressurized hydrocarbon containing gas feed has the steps of: (1) Introducing cooled gas feed condensate into a distillation column at one or more feed trays, the column having a number of liquid recovery trays; (2) Condensing hydrocarbon liquids in the recovery trays; (3) Withdrawing a condensed hydrocarbon liquid from one or more recovery trays below the lowest feed tray; (4) Producing a two phase stream by reducing the pressure of at least a portion of the withdrawn liquid and separating the stream into vapor and liquid streams; (5) Reintroducing the vapor stream into the column with input gas feed via a heat exchanger to equalize the combined gas temperature    USE - To recover natural gas (NGL) liquids from raw natural gas, refinery or petrochemical plant gas streams    ADVANTAGE - Increases the ethane and propane concentration in the column, reducing the tray temperature profile increasing separation efficiency allowing the column to operate at lower temperatures and higher pressures providing significant energy savings    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred features: The gas feed and withdrawn liquid are passed through a heat exchanger. The pressure of the vapor stream is increased and its temperature increased or decreased before it is reintroduced to the column. The column operated with a bottom and top temperatures of 0 to 350degreesF and -160 to 0degreesF respectively and 150 to 700 psia.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for carrying out the above process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a line diagram of an NGL separation process.
NOVELTY - Cold pack comprising aqueous clathrate composition is useful for cooling material.    USE - The cold pack is useful for medical and storage purposes, especially for cooling material such as living tissue below ambient temperature. The cold pack is cooled below the melting temperature of the combination and the material placed in proximity with the cold pack. The cold pack can also be used for cooling non-living matewrials such as meats and dairy products and certain chemical compounds such as peroxides, organic nitrates etc..    ADVANTAGE - The novel cold pack maintains almost all of the heat capacity of a similar cold pack using water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cold pack comprises a composition containing a combination of water and other compound(s), the combination having a melting point of 1-15 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Urine is transported by capillary action through a fabric cover to a heat source for evaporation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A device used to dewater and evaporate water, hydrocarbons and other degradation products from faeces and urine in a toilet not linked to a drains system, comprises a container (1) with a heat source (2) inside it. The heat source is surrounded by a fabric (3) with a capillary effect, enabling urine to be constantly supplied to the heat source by wicking.    USE -   The dry toilets can be situated next to roads, in holiday cottages or at sports events.    ADVANTAGE -   Water is removed from urine, leaving behind a small quantity of salts, avoiding the need to dispose of large quantities of urine into the soil. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a cross-section of the effluent dewatering device. (1) Container; (2) Heat source; (3) Fabric cover.
NOVELTY - A dump truck for organic waste collection is installed with a process chamber. A grinder is provided before the process chambers inlet for preprocessing. A microbial bed as substrate for grains of microorganisms, is provided inside the chamber for the waste decomposition. A stirrer and a heater respectively stir and warm the bed to appropriate temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Waste heat from engine is utilized as heat source for the heater. When the engine is stopped and the truck does not run, external energy feed zone provided with the truck, provides external energy for partial or whole functioning of the apparatus. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic refuse processing method which involves stirring and heating the waste when simultaneous collection and decomposition are performed.    USE -   In dump trucks for decomposition of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Simultaneous collection and decomposition of the waste takes place inside the process chamber and hence organic refuse of more quantity can be supplied into the chamber than its holding capacity. Operation efficiency is improved as there is no need of ejecting the organic refuse into a separate incinerator. A separate incinerator is not required, therefore compact space for parking the vehicle is enough and no foul smell ejects and hence efficient processing of the waste can be done near residential areas where more waste is generated. As waste heat of engine is used for heater, the surplus energy is used effectively. Energy efficiency and reduction of noise pollution are enhanced, as an external energy feed zone is provided. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross- sectional view of front elevation of processing apparatus. Parts list: (3) Dump truck; (4) Process chamber; (6) Grinder; (11) Microbial bed; (12) Stir; (13) Heater; (29) External energy feed zone.
NOVELTY - The mouth of the cylinder is closed airtight by a cover. The cylinder and the cover are made of potter's clay. The exterior side of cylinder is provided with air resistant layer and interior side is provided with water absorbent porous layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The airtight cover maintains the pressure inside the cylinder thus liquid from organic waste exudes to the ground. Alternately, a drain board with pores is provided at the bottom of the cylinder. One or two or more grooves are provided along the inner surface of the cylinder. The side portion of the apparatus is provided with a regulation aperture, which adjusts the liquid permeability inside the cylinder. An anaerobic microorganism culture solution is added to the organic refuse during processing. Alternately, bag-like structure filled with sand having a covering sheet which is air resistant and is waterproof applies pressure on the organic waste. A microorganism retainer is also added to the organic waste. The lower portion of the apparatus is placed on an open container in which soil is placed. An emission hole for liquid supply is provided at the bottom of the apparatus. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing method of the organic waste.    USE -   For processing organic wastes in outdoor installations.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste processing apparatus is not influenced by solar light etc., and possesses good weather resistance. The apparatus possesses good exterior appearance so it can be installed in outdoors. The organic waste manure is obtained by fermentation process using anaerobic microorganisms. The organic manure helps for healthy growth of plants. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of organic waste processing apparatus. Parts list: (2) Cylinder; (3) Cover; (6) Mouth.
NOVELTY - A wall socket (61) attached to the outdoor unit of an air conditioner or main power supply is used to supply power for the organic fermenting apparatus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus has a treatment tank in which stir vanes are arranged and rotated by a motor. The door opening and closing of the tank is sensed and the signal is received by a signal receiver. A heater is equipped in the tank. The motor, signal receiver and heater receive electric supply from wall socket.    USE -   For garbage processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The power supply for the apparatus from the wall socket of air conditioner, eliminates complicated attachment for power supply. The deterioration of the chamber by outer air is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of power supply for garbage processing apparatus. (61) Wall socket.
NOVELTY - A treatment tank (20) coated with a heat insulating material has grooves. Air inflow and exhaust paths (50a, 50b) are formed between the groove and the tank. The inflow path is connected between the inflow port (11) and inlet opening (23) of the tank. The exhaust path is connected between the exhaust port (12) and exhaust opening (24). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A heater (80) is provided to the periphery of the tank in inflow path. The inlet port and the exhaust port are provided to a floor plate (10) to which the tank is arranged.    USE -   For outdoor installation.    ADVANTAGE -   The tank coated with heat insulating material, maintains the temperature of tank to activate the microorganism, even the apparatus is used in outdoors. The inlet path and the exhaust path provided between groove and tank, promotes the decomposition and drying of organic refuse. The heater provided in inflow path near tank, effectively maintains the temperature to activate microorganism even at reduced atmosphere and temperature. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of organic refuse fermentation apparatus. (10) Floor plate; ; (11) Inflow port; ; (12) Exhaust port; ; (20) Treatment tank; ; (23) Inlet opening; ; (24) Exhaust opening; ; (50a) Air inflow path; ; (50b) Exhaust path; ; (80) Heater.
NOVELTY - A groove is formed in the heat insulating material and a route, between the groove and treatment tank. A harness, which is the edge part side of the route is passed through this route. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic refuse processing apparatus has a treatment tank with an insertion opening and an exhaust outlet. A decorated heat insulating material coats the outer side of this treatment tank. The decorated portion has a door and a sensor detects the opening-closing of the door. A rotating stir vane actuated by a motor and a heater is arranged in the treatment tank. A harness is extended from the sensor, motor and heater. A groove is formed in the heat insulating material and a route between the groove and treatment tank. A harness which is the edge portion side of route is passed through this route.    USE -   For decomposition of organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Temperature in the treatment tank is effectively maintained to the appropriate temperature which activates the microorganism. Harness is fixed without a special component and the space in an apparatus is utilized effectively. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the state where harness is passed through between the treatment tank and heat insulating material. Parts list: (20) Treatment tank; (34a) Route; (90) Harness.
NOVELTY - The organic waste is dried in a dryer (12) and adsorbed on absorbent powder selected from active coke, activated charcoal, wood coal, dry distilled carbide and zeolite in a bag-type filler deodoriser (30). The organic waste adsorbed powder is cast during which the exhaust gas is introduced to a denitration catalyst (64).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pollution to the environment is decreased and generation of odour from the product is prevented. Consumption of heat energy is reduced during the process. The catalyst is not poisoned by the adherence of dust particles. The process is economical as the absorbents are cheap. Ammonia can be used as a reducer if the organic waste contains ammonia. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a moist organic waste processing apparatus.    USE -   For treating moist organic waste, e.g. sewage or animal waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the processing apparatus for moist organic waste. (12) Dryer; (30) Bag filter-type deodoriser; (64) Denitration catalyst.
The rapid treatment of the organic fraction of urban solid residue comprises crushing, pressing, separation of the water, drying by hot air, sieving of the residue, and separation of the over 5 mm particles. Additives are incorporated in the under 5mm particle fraction, which is despatched with a water content of ca. 5-12 per cent by weight.    USE -   In waste recycling.
The urban solid residue treatment, collection and selective separation technique comprises manual collection, with separation of at least the paper, cardboard, plastics, aluminium and other non-magnetic materials. Then the magnetic residues are collected automatically or manually, with separate storage of the various materials.    USE -   In the recycling industry.    ADVANTAGE -   The comprehensive process can be carried on land and on water.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has: one or more fuel cells which each have an anode (4), a cathode (3) and an electrolytic membrane (5) which is located between the anode and cathode; a first gas supply device (10) to supply a gas to the anode that has fuel gas; a second gas supply device (40) to supply a gas to the cathode that has oxygen; supply devices (50) for water to supply water over a surface of the cathode.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of keeping a proton exchange membrane in a damp state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system has control devices for the operation of the second gas supply device and the water supply devices so that when the system starts up, the cathode is first exposed to the supply of the second gas, followed by the supply of water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell generating system    anode (4)    cathode (3)    electrolytic membrane (5)    first gas supply device (10)    second gas supply device (40)    water supply devices (50)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has: a stack (2) of several fuel cells which each have an anode, a cathode and an electrolytic membrane located between them; an air inlet distributor (45) which is mounted above the stack to supply air to several longitudinally extending air passages of the cells in the stack; one or more nozzle devices (55) which are mounted on side walls of the air inlet distributor to inject water into the distributor; and water supply devices (50) for the nozzle devices.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of keeping a proton exchange membrane in a damp state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - One or more of the nozzle devices are located on each of a pair of opposite side walls at displaced positions and at different injection angles.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has: one or more fuel cells which each have an anode (13), a cathode (11) and an electrolytic membrane (12) which is located between the anode and cathode; a first gas supply device (22) to supply a gas to the anode that has fuel gas; a second gas supply device (31) to supply a gas to the cathode that has oxygen; and supply devices (41) for water to supply water over a surface of the cathode.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of keeping a proton exchange membrane in a damp state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The latter devices spray the water over the cathode surface and have a nozzle for this. The nozzle is attached to a gas inlet distributer through which the second gas is passed to the cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell generation system.    cathode (11)    anode (13)    electrolytic membrane (12)    first gas supply device (22)    second gas supply device (31)    water supply device (41)
NOVELTY - The preparation of dehydrated natural products (A) is new and comprises the production of a waste liquid (B) containing proteins, carbohydrates and fibers and reusable waste water.    USE - The method is used in production of starch, especially potato starch, sugars, fruit juice concentrates, pharmaceuticals, cheese and dry solids from milk. (B) may be used as a fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides better concentration of (B) with generation of less waste water. The amount of pollutants released into the air, water and soil is reduced, as is the amount of noise (associated with transport) and a closed water cycle is achieved. It also allows recovery of materials such as volatile alcohols and sugars that are normally lost. In the case of potato starch production, the yield of protein and amount of (B) concentrate are increased, but the amount of excess sludge from the clarifier and the level of pollution in the clarified waste water are reduced. In this case, the amount of fresh water needed can be reduced to 15% of the normal amount.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The process comprises:    (1) enzymatic treatment of the processed water (C);    (2) combined evaporation of (B) and treated (C);    (3) use of the evaporation residue as a nutrient for biological processes;    (4) biological treatment of the condensate (D) from (3);    (5) reverse osmosis of treated (D) to remove salts; and    (6) recycling of permeate from (5) to the process as fresh water.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for carrying out the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a system for production of potato starch, with figures indicating material flows in cubic m/hr.    reverse osmosis units (UOI and UOII)    process water (PW)
NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus is formed in 2 or 3 stages with a separation plate between stages. The O2 is fed into the gas mixture outlet from the 1st stage before it passes into the 2nd stage through tubular probes that pass through the end plate of the apparatus. There is a similar arrangement between the 2nd and 3rd stages.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A perspective view of the arrangement of plates and channels in the apparatus of the invention.    Plates (2)    Reaction volume (4)    Coolant volume (5)    Oxygen inlet (10)    Gas mixture inlet (11)    coolant inlet (13)    Coolant outlet (14)    Oxygen inlet probe. (18)
NOVELTY - A hydrochloric acid-mother liquid process for preparing potassium sulfate includes reaction of potassium chloride on sulfuric acid at 125-130 deg.C in the solution of azeotropic hydrochloric acid, distilling to remove azeotropic hydrochloric acid, addition of water, cooling to -10-25 deg.C, filter and drying to obtain agricultural potassium sulfate. Its advantages include high transform rate of potassium chloride up to near 100%, producing two tons of industrial hydrochloric acid from per ton of sulfuric acid, one-step process, and no environmental pollution.
NOVELTY - Increasing methane recovery comprises injecting a gaseous oxidant into the formation, maintaining the oxidant in the formation to allow stimulation of the cleats in the formation and producing methane from the formation in an increased rate.    USE - For increasing the rate of production of methane from a subterranean carbonaceous formation by chemical stimulation, particularly from formations comprising carbonaceous materials deposited with inorganic materials, e.g. carbonaceous shale formations.    ADVANTAGE - The process stimulates and facilitates the desorption of methane and other light hydrocarbons from the carbonaceous materials and the clay-mineral constituents of the formation, allows the methane to migrate from the formation into the wellbore and allows the methane to be produced from the formation at an increased rate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for facilitating the release of methane from the surfaces of clay minerals in subterranean carbonaceous formations containing the clay minerals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a well penetrating a subterranean carbonaceous formation from the surface.    Carbonaceous formation (10)    Wellbore (14)
NOVELTY - The process uses sea water and a benzoid comprising benzoin and iodine to process sewer sludge to generate methane gas without the need for bacterial digestion or waste minimization.    USE - For processing of sewer sludge and generate methane gas for use an energy source.    ADVANTAGE - Does not need bacterial digestion and/or waste minimization and avoids the need for external heating or landfill.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Processing of a volume of human sludge with sea water and a benzoid comprising benzoin and iodine to generate methane gas and reduce the sludge volume by at least 80%, involves: (a) mixing the volume of sludge with the volume of sea water and the reactants by mechanical agitation, (b) collecting methane gas released from the mixture while mechanically agitating and (c) filtering the sludge mixture.
NOVELTY - A summation unit (9) calculates fermentation gas production from output value of sludge sensor (2) installed in tank (1) for quantifying sludge (4). An indicator (10) shows electricity production from calculated gas production value. The summation unit is connected with sludge sensor and indicator. A transfer pump supplies produced fermentation gas to fuel battery plant.    USE -   For manufacturing fermentation gas for fuel battery plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers continuous running of fuel battery plant by monitoring the quantity of organic waste in storage tank and accordingly generating electricity. Improves long term dependability of the plant. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery plant run by fermentation gas of organic waste. (1) Tank; (2) Sludge sensor; (9) Summation unit; (10) Indicator.
NOVELTY - A burner burns heating gas and supplies it inside the catalyst layer and CO reduction reactor. Temperature of catalyst layer is raised and oxidation reaction takes place in it by supplying heating gas and air. Gas is propagated to the reactor for CO reduction by water vapor modification reaction.    USE -   For improving starting method of improver for fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Starting time is shortened and special heat carriers such as high temperature inert gas need not be used. Precipitation of carbon on catalyst layer is avoided. Simplification of the piping structure is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the main structure centering around the improver for fuel batteries.
NOVELTY - A run track (13) is suspended in the fermenter (12). The raw material cut mechanism (14) cuts the raw material and the truck is shunted during cut operation. A compost tripper style (15) joined with it takes out compost at the time of compost extraction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An aeration pipe (21) supplies air to the floor (20) between opposite side walls (17,18) of the fermenter (12). A suspended run truck (13) carries out the reciprocating motion of each side wall top. The raw material cut mechanism (14) cuts raw material and shunts the truck during cut operation. A compost tripper style (15) joins the raw material cut mechanism and takes out compost at the time of compost extraction. Band conveyor supported by rollers, is made to move between extraction position and shunting position. Band conveyor (16) for conveyance joins tripper style and carries the extracted compost to process operation position.    USE -   For continuous fermentation of compost such as wastes of livestock, organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Compost is externally taken out from arbitrary positions by providing compost tripper style hence efficiency of fermentation process and bagging operation improves shortly. Band conveyor for conveyance, automatically conveys the compost taken from arbitrary position hence efficiency increases and installation space is saved and manufacturing cost of the whole installation is reduced sharply. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial perspective view of continuous fermentation compost processing apparatus. (12) Fermenter; ; (13) Run truck; ; (14) Raw material cut mechanism; ; (15) Compost tripper style; ; (16) Band conveyor; ; (17,18) Side walls; ; (20) Floor; ; (21) Aeration pipe.
NOVELTY - The compost processing apparatus consists of a cutting device for cutting the sediment formed by fermentation drying of waste sludge. The vapor containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) is removed by vapor intake unit, absorbent, sprinkling unit and exhaust fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Waste sludge is deposited on the floor of the fermentation apparatus and air is blown from bottom. Composting is performed by fermentation drying of sediment by aerobic bacteria. Deposited sediment is processed by cutting device. Continuous fermentation drying and stirring of cut back sediment is performed by cutting machine. A hood covers the cutting device and maintains it in air-tight condition. The vapor containing H2S and NH3, produced as a result of fermentation is removed by vapor intake unit. The vapor passes through the absorbent and H2S from vapor is absorbed by an absorbent. The ammonia and dust from the vapor is removed by spraying water from a sprinkling unit. The exhaust air from the cutting device is removed by an exhaust fan.    USE -   For composting livestock excreta and organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is processed without generating odor by simple and inexpensive system. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a compost processing apparatus. Parts list: (20) Cutting device; (24) Cutting machine; (30) Hood; (31) Water tank; (32) Vapor intake unit; (33) Absorbent; (34) Sprinkling unit; (35) Demister unit; (36) Exhaust fan; (40) Thermosensor.
NOVELTY - 0.1-2.5 wt.% of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) compounds are added to total weight of organic industrial waste such that Ca:Mg weight ratio is in the range of 3:1-10:1. Fermentation of the organic industrial waste is performed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the compost produced by processing the industrial wastes.    USE -   Used as compost for plants.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation of industrial waste is efficiently performed along with reduction of bad odor. The pH of the compost is weakly alkaline and compost consists of essential nutrients (Ca,Mg,K) which couples with humus or organic cell and microbial cell for absorption by plants. Since more of Ca compared to expensive Mg is used, the processing cost is reduced.
NOVELTY - The raw refuse is inserted on hopper which is finely crushed and sent to a conveyor. The refuse is fed to a dried container where it is dried by hot air. The exhaust gas is deodorized in deodorization furnace in an exhaust line. An exhaust blower exhausts gas from the dried container to exhaust line.    USE -   For processing refuse from foodstuff factory, hotels, collective residence.    ADVANTAGE -   The refuse is reliably conveyed to conveyor. Improves work efficiency by quickly cooling dried container and raw garbage. Prevents deterioration of surrounding environment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of raw refuse processor. Parts list: (1) Dried container; (2) Hopper; (4) Conveyor; (14) Exhaust blower; (16) deodorization furnace.
NOVELTY - Water is purified using Bacillus subtilis Bn3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the water purifier containing micro organisms for purification of water. A water supply pipe supplies water to the purifier. A sterilization unit sterilizes water, and returns it to the bath tub through a discharge pipe.    USE -   For purification and circulation of bath water.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic substances present in water are efficiently decomposed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the block diagram of the biological purification. Parts list: (31) Purifier; (32) Bath tub; (34) Water supply pipe; (35) Discharge pipe.
NOVELTY - Heating gas is supplied through minimum gas supply manifolds (24,25) installed in lamination direction of the single cell. Heating gas flows across cell surface in the single cell and is evolved through emission manifolds (26,27).    USE -   For cell of fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Possesses high efficiency due to diffusion of heating gas inside single cell. Enhances efficiency further by improving electrochemical reaction. Stabilizes rate of flow of heating gas by providing two or more gas supply manifolds. Reduces size of battery by providing separators which partitions the single cell. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows 3D plan view of single cell of battery. (24,25) Supply manifolds; (26,27) Emission manifolds.
NOVELTY - An electricity regulator regulates the supply of electric power generated by a fuel battery to an external load. When the fuel battery voltage exceeds a voltage (Vs) that is set higher than the emergency shut down voltage value (Vp), the input voltage of the regulator is reduced gradually. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A modifier (8) performs the steam reforming of the original hydrocarbon fuel and obtains gas with abundant hydrogen. The fuel battery (1) generates electric power using the oxygen in the gas and air.    USE -   For fuel batteries that supply electric power to loads such as motor.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces the input voltage of a chopper controller so as to avoid abnormal stoppage of battery and prolongs life span of battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel battery controller. (1) Fuel battery; (8) Modifier.
NOVELTY - Any one of the electrode base material facing a fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode has a gas passageway of return flow type to pass each gas by multiple reciprocation. A folded back portion carries out inversion of gas flow through direction, and each gas is not made to eject to a gas manifold.    USE -   For phosphoric acid fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The scattering of phosphoric acid to return path of manifold, and condensation are avoided, hence securing amount of phosphoric acid in single battery which runs stably for long term. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows plan view of phosphoric acid fuel battery.
NOVELTY - Nitrogen air from a rectifying column of an air separator (19) is fed to a compressor (53). The nitrogen is precooled by passing through liquefied natural gas heat exchangers (45b,45c). Liquefied nitrogen flows to a pool (57) through a path (55) provided with a hydrocarbon analyzer (61). Liquid nitrogen is fed back to an upper portion (11) of a tower by a pump (60).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for air liquefaction separation.    USE -   For air liquefaction separation using liquefied natural gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents penetration of hydrocarbon into air separator since leakage of liquefied natural gas if any in the heat exchanger is immediately discovered by the detector to enable stoppage of nitrogen circulation. Ensures safety by avoiding explosion due to hydrocarbon concentration in rectifying column. Avoids necessity of using intermediate coolants like freon. Simplifies structure of separation and liquefaction device since nitrogen is circulated at low pressure and heat exchange to liquefied natural gas is performed directly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic circuit diagram of an air separation and liquefaction device. (11) Upper part of tower; (19) Air separator; (45b,45c) Heat exchangers; (53) Compressor; (55) Path; (57) Pool; (60) Pump; (61) Hydrocarbon analyzer.
NOVELTY - An organic refuse fermentation tank has an air blower to circulate air in the tank. Exhaust valve (4) arranged in flat bottom side of the tank is opened-closed automatically by a door (41). A controller stops the actuation of air blower and a heater to make the door open the valve, when refuse is heated to specific temperature. Timer is provided to determine temperature of the refuse. A rotator is supported at the axial central position of the semicircle cylindrical shaped bottom portion of the tank. Stirrers are mounted in the rotation axis and are rotated by a motor (45). An axial driving shaft is provided through which a motor actuates the door. The driving shaft connects the door through a helical spring (42). Impellers are provided around the stirrer and are rotated in identical direction for conveying the refuse to the exhaust valve.    USE -   Used for organic refuse from restaurant or catering business.    ADVANTAGE -   Satisfactory processing is offered with reduction in processing time as ejection of waste is performed automatically.
NOVELTY - Adsorption towers (100,200) are connected to auxiliary gas line and isobutane gas line at top and bottom. Zeolite layered with molecular carbon mesh, is provided in each adsorption tower. Several valves (10,11) are provided in the auxiliary gas line to regulate supply of raw material mixing gas to the adsorption towers. A vacuum pump (P) desorbs the impurity in the adsorption towers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A set of valves (1-9) are provided in the gas lines to regulate the supply of raw material mixing gas and isobutane gas.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the purification method of isobutane.    USE -   For refining isobutane used in manufacture of ethylene polymerization reaction solvent, aerosol foaming agent, polystyrene foaming agent, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Obtains isobutane of very high purity as zeolite and molecular carbon mesh are provided in the adsorption tower.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the process diagram of isobutane refining system. (1-11) Valves; (100,200) Adsorption towers; (P) Vacuum pump.
NOVELTY - A moving blade (25) blends with microaerobion in fermentation tank (11) which pulverizes refuse. An aerator (12) receiving air via air supply flow path (15), blends refuse from tank and subjects the refuse to aeration. Aerated sludge is fed again to the tank via a feedback path (13). Exhaust gas from the tank is ejected out via a stream path (14). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Weir (31) is installed perpendicularly in the refuse transfer direction of the fermentation tank (11) to the aerator.    USE -   For processing organic refuse ejected from residence, store, factory, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables recycling evaporated water from refuse in fermentation tank. Improves fermentation and aeration of refuse by microaerobion. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents entire component of refuse processing apparatus. (11) Fermentation tank; (12) Aerator; (13) Feedback path; (14) Stream path; (15) Air supply flow path; (25) Moving blade; (31) Weir.
NOVELTY - A turbulator includes at least one porous bed having a leading face admitting a mixture into a porous bed from an input chamber. The porous bed also has a trailing face through which the mixture exits the porous bed and a mixing zone intermediate the leading and trailing faces for intimately mixing the effluents in the mixture. The mixing zone defines several tortuous channels through which the mixture passes.    USE - In catalytic combustor that is integrates with a fuel cell system. The combustor is fueled with hydrogen-containing anode effluent and oxygen-containing cathode effluent, and includes device at its input end to induce intimate mixing of the anode effluent with the oxygen-dilute cathode effluent.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures efficient and uniform burning of the hydrogen on the catalyst bed without the creation of 'hot spots' or significant temperature differences throughout the catalyst bed    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is the schematic fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The gas sensor (10A) has a current supplier (14) comprising a frequency controller (84) for controlling the frequency of a pulse waveform which has a constant crest value.    USE - The gas sensor measures oxides such as NO, NO2, SO2, CO2 and H2O contained in e.g. atmospheric air and exhaust gas discharged from vehicles or automobiles, and inflammable gases such as CO and CnHm.    ADVANTAGE - The gas sensor allows highly accurate measurement of a predetermined gas component whilst remaining unaffected by e.g. electric noise. It is possible to compensate the dispersion among individual sensors without increasing the number of terminals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas sensor (10A) controls the concentration of a specified gas component and/or measures a predetermined gas component by allowing a current to flow through an ion-conductive member for conducting an ion of the specified gas component, by the aid of a current supplier (14).    The current, which is output from the current supplier, has a pulse waveform with a constant crest value. The current supplier comprises a frequency controller (84) for controlling the frequency of the pulse waveform.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) two further gas sensors, in which either the current supplier comprises a duty ratio controller for controlling the duty ratio of the pulse waveform or the current supplier comprises a crest value controller for controlling the crest value of the current having the pulse waveform; and    (2) three processes for controlling a gas sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of a circuit system of a gas sensor.    Gas sensor (10A)    Sensor element (12)    Current supplier (14)    Frequency controller (84)
NOVELTY - The membrane has a layer on one side which promotes catalytic combustion.    USE - To separate hydrogen from methanol reforming. To heat up a methanol reformer from cold.    ADVANTAGE - Catalytic combustion is used to heat the separator as rapidly as possible, for early hydrogen generation. The hydrogen is used in fuel cells of an electric vehicle, rapid warm-up being essential to fast getaway. Direct, flameless heating of the hydrogen separation membrane takes place very rapidly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a methanol reformer (1) separating hydrogen (14) from product gases of the methanol-reforming reaction, where the separator is a membrane of the type described;    (b) operation of such a reforming plant, where during the cold start phase, before operational temperature is reached, the catalytic combustion process is carried out on the catalyst layer (13) side of the hydrogen separation membrane (9), and the gases to be burned, flow against this layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The block diagram shows the reformer in cold start mode; a further diagram in the disclosure portrays the heated-up mode of operation.    methanol reformer (1)    hydrogen separation membrane (9)    catalyst layer (13)    hydrogen (14)
NOVELTY - Organic materials in the waste are separated from inorganics and metals (13, 14), before de-watering (3) and pelletization (6). Water released is fermented in reactors (4). Biogas produced is consumed in a power station (10), or is sent to a pressure reactor (5), for reforming with the pellets.    USE - To process organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The process treats a wide variety of organic waste, producing useful fuel and/or synthesis gas, minimizing all forms of environmental contamination. It is largely insensitive to the type of organic waste. Metals and inorganic materials are recovered and can be recycled. A series of reactors can treat the leachate at temperatures increasing to the thermophilic region. Some of the biogas, with steam, can be fed as gasification medium into the hot, high pressure reactor containing pellets as a fluidized bed, where reforming takes place. Up to 50 % hydrogen results in the synthesis or fuel gas produced. Methanol may be synthesized. Residues of the process and of subsequent combustion find agricultural use. The process is discussed at some length in the disclosure, where additional proposals arise, e.g. use of hydrogen generated, in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A block flow diagram is included.    de-watering (3)    fermentation reactors (4)    pressure reactor (5)    pelletization (6)    power station (10)    inorganic material and metal separator (13, 14)
NOVELTY - An electromagnetically-controlled bioreactor (I) is new in which ions are activated using electrodes, with or without ion-oscillatory feedback in a liquid, solid or gas. The electrodes form an excitation field, containing both oscillatory- and superimposed DC components.    USE - (I) May be used to trigger biochemical reactions, for bioelectrical activation, production of biologically-active units and structures, preparation, manufacture and processing of substances and logical signal trains. It may also be used in water treatment, gas treatment, to stimulate plant growth, to facilitate food processing involving yeast fermentation and composting.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike prior art bioreactors, (I) allows easy programmed repetition of many types of (bio-) chemical reaction stages.
NOVELTY - A method of composting is new and comprises controlled injection of up to 30% oxygen in response to temperature measurement.    USE - To compost organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The method composts in open heaps, optimizing the composting rate and the decomposition of the materials, with efficient sterilization. Bacteria which are active at higher temperatures are encouraged and the temperature is tightly controlled throughout the process. An adequate oxygen supply with low gas exchange rates prevents excessive odor generation. High humidity is maintained as little water is extracted.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the composting equipment used as described. It includes a blower, an injection line and an oxygen source, with a temperature transducer and controller.
NOVELTY - The temperature in the waste is measured and oxygen is injected to a concentration of up to 30%. The amount of injected oxygen is controlled as a function of temperature.    USE - To compost organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The process is optimized for effective, high rate conversion and efficient sterilization. A thermophilic bacterial population is established which remains stable throughout the process. The compost produced is of high quality and generation of odors and desiccation of the compost are minimized. Above about 80 degreesC, composting continues with reduced oxygen injection, which avoids overheating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an apparatus for carrying out the process, including a blower, a line connected to it, an oxygen source, a temperature sensor and controller. The line is perforated for introduction into the compost.
No information given.
NOVELTY - A process for producing calcium hydrogen phosphate with the P-containing waste water generated during preparation of quinacridone series of dyes features that chemical neutralization reaction is used to separate phosphoric acid from the waste water. The phosphoric acid is directly used to prepare calcium hydrogen phosphate as fertilizer. Its advantages include high fertility, cyclic use of water, high recovery rate and no secondary pollution.
The wall component (1), for the erection of an open container, is composed of wood planks (2) and side profiles (3), with eyelets (7) and rods (8) to push through. The wall unit (1) is linked to neighbouring walls (1) by the rod (8) pushed through their eyelets (7), so that the walls are connected together, can swing as a container door, and can be separated by removal of the rod (8).    USE -   The wall is for the erection of a compost container for organic waste, multi-chamber containers, and the like.    ADVANTAGE -   The container is erected and dismantled easily, and does not require any fixed corner posts.
NOVELTY - The system generates non-explosive nitrogen-hydrogen cover gas and hydrogen-rich startup gas during startup and cool down of a solid oxide fuel cell system.    USE - For use in solid oxide fuel cell power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - Compact and safe system provides on-site generation of non-explosive cover gas and hydrogen-rich startup gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A system for providing startup and cover gas in solid oxide fuel cell power generation system comprises a burner, device for supplying hydrocarbon fuel to the burner, a device for supplying oxygen-containing gas to the burner, a device for cooling a combustion gas exiting the burner, a device for delivering at least part of the cooled gas to the fuel cell and a device for adding hydrogen gas to the combustion gas prior to delivery to the fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of providing startup gas and cover gas in solid oxide fuel cell system as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram illustrates a cover gas generation system.
NOVELTY - Uses at least two back-mixed reaction stages to achieve plug flow of alkylation product, increase product yield, reduce catalyst deactivation and reduce product degradation.    USE - For use in alkylation of aromatics or paraffins, especially gasoline fractions.    ADVANTAGE - Provides high yield of alkylation while minimizing catalyst deactivation and product degradation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbon or paraffin with olefin involves:    (a) alkylating the feed in at least two reaction zones by introducing feed and a first portion of olefin into first reaction zone operated under back-mixing conditions;    (b) introducing effluent from first zone and a second portion of olefin into a second reaction zone operated under back-mixing conditions; and    (c) operating each of the reaction zones to react at least 90 % of the olefin introduced into each zone and to increase the concentration of alkylation product between reaction zones.
NOVELTY - The waste urethane foam material is softened by heating. The softened material is compressed, cooled and solidified.    USE -   For recycling urethane foam waste for use as raw material or fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   The waste is processed to a solid form, such that the recycling is made easier. Trouble-shooting during the supply of the processed waste to the reactor, is not encountered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the waste processing apparatus. (13) Heat compressor;; (14) Cooling system;; (15) Crusher;; (20) Storage hopper.
NOVELTY - The organic sludge is subjected to solubilisation using an acid oxidizing agent followed by alkali treatment. A biological treatment is also performed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic sludge processing apparatus.    USE -   For recovery of methane used as source of energy.    ADVANTAGE -   Processing of organic sludge is carried out by simple process inexpensively.
NOVELTY - A microstrainer separates the organic sludge from the refuse supplied. A dryer dries the separated sludge which is then burnt by an incinerator. A dissolver dissolves the ashes remaining after condensing the water vapor. The gaseous odor is finally deodorized.    USE -   For processing organic refuse ejected from restaurants, residential buildings.    ADVANTAGE -   Eliminates labor of carrying and disposing of wastes. Protects environment by incinerating and converting the refuse into ashes. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of organic refuse dry processing apparatus. Parts list: (2) Microstrainer; (6) Dryer; (7) Incinerator; (10) Dissolver.
NOVELTY - An injector (20) is vertically arranged near a shunting place (100) of an agitator (10), to spray wash water by which deposit (3a) adhered on agitator is removed.    USE -   In stirring apparatus of organic waste treatment equipment e.g. for organic refuse, livestock excrement, agricultural waste and food processing scum etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves fermentation process efficiency by improving stirring function. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows expanded sectional view of organic material removal device. (3a) Deposit; (10) Agitator; (20) Injector; (100) Shunting place.
NOVELTY - A hydraulic oil cylinder actuates a stirrer in an organic refuse fermentation tank. A solenoid valve operated with a pressure changeover switch is provided to regulate the maximum discharge pressure of hydraulic oil from a hydraulic pump to the cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An exhaust outlet which opens and closes automatically is arranged in lower side portions of the tank to eject the organic waste.    USE -   For organic refuse such as livestock excrement.    ADVANTAGE -   As the actuation of stirring is performed through pressure control unit, impossibility of stirring is avoided and efficiency of stirring is also improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of pressure control unit of waste fermentation apparatus. Parts list: (33) Hydraulic oil cylinder; (63) Hydraulic pump; (64) Solenoid valve; (82) Pressure changeover switch.
NOVELTY - A refuse processing chamber (2), contained in a casing (1), has a stirrer and a detector to detect the pH of the refuse. The pH detector is connected to the input of a controller while a pH adjustment unit is linked to the controller output. The controller supplies a pH controlling composition from the pH adjustment unit to the chamber, based on the detected pH value, to adjust the pH value within a fixed range.    USE -   For apparatus for organic refuse processing.    ADVANTAGE -   The efficiency of processing of the refuse is increased as the waste may be continually processed in the chamber. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a rear elevation of the organic refuse processing apparatus. (1) Casing; (2) Refuse processing chamber.
NOVELTY - A polygon shaped rotation treatment tank, rotates axially. The tank interior consists of walls with transfer unit in twist position, to transfer the waste from one end to other end. The periphery of tank has flow path, which has a sloping inclined surface with small diameter near the inlet and larger diameter near the outlet of tank. Warm air is passed to perform fermentation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The tank interior is partitioned into two, as stirring chamber and receiving chamber. The inlet is provided in receiving chamber and the outlet in stirring chamber, both communicated by the flow path. The periphery of both chambers are provided with sieve tubes with multiple small holes. The waste from chamber pass through the sieve tube holes. The stirring chamber has cylinder connected to outlet and it is installed with spiral-shaped stirring fins. Tank periphery has end face plates of which one has a rotary joint. Stream line is formed through rotary joint for air flow to the tank, through the end corner of end face plate. The stream line and tank are connected by air flow path. The warm air supply unit is connected to other side of rotary joint, so that warm air is supplied to tank through air flow path.    USE -   For organic refuse generated from supermarket.    ADVANTAGE -   The transfer unit provided in rotation tank performs sufficient stirring. The volume of tank is increased. The big lump is repeatedly stirred, until broken to small size by providing the flow path between the inlet and outlet of tank. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fermentation apparatus. Parts list: (3) Rotation treatment tank; (20) Cylinder; (21) Stirring fins; (23) Flow path; (30) Stirring chamber; (31a,31b) Walls; (33) Receiving chamber; (35) Sieve tube; (36) Outlet; (37) Inlet.
NOVELTY - The composition comprises ruthenium, iridium and a metallic element selected from copper and palladium. An alumina carrier is also included.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the purification of methane in waste gas.    USE -   For the purification of methane in waste gas.    ADVANTAGE -   The rate of depurative is high as the waste gas is effectively purified using the purification catalyst even in the presence of catalytic inhibitors such as sulphur dioxide.
NOVELTY - A drier (5) is present in the refrigerant circulation path of a refrigerating cycle formed by the cyclic connection of a compressor (2), a condenser (3), an expansion valve (6) and an evaporator. A mixture containing difluoromethane and butane is used as a refrigerant.    USE -   For protection of the environment from ozone layer depletion by replacing CFC and HCFC refrigerants with a mixture of R32 difluoromethane and R600 butane.    ADVANTAGE -   The clathrate formation generated by the operating temperature and working pressure under clathrate formation conditions can be suppressed by removing water which is a host solution for clathrate formation. Operation efficiency and dependability of a refrigerating cycle can be obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a conceptual diagram showing the refrigerating cycle of an air conditioner. (2) Compressor; (3) Condenser; (5) Drier; (6) Expansion valve.
A method for treating city garbage features that after the garbage is classified, the easily decayable garbage is passed to gasifier to generate marsh gas and combustible garbage is burnt in incinerator where generated marsh gas is used as fuel. Its dedicated apparatus includes incinerator and gasifier. Its advantage is that the city garbage is used as raw material to produce electric energy, steam, marsh gas, ash dregs products and fertilizer without external energy, raw materials or additives.
NOVELTY - The composition contains less than 0.06 mass percent of carbon, 0.005-0.020 mass percent of titanium, 0.002- 0.005 mass percent of nitrogen.    USE -   For pressure tank multipurpose ship for carrying gas such as ammonia, LPG.    ADVANTAGE -   Has high ammonia proof property, thereby generation of corrosion cracking is avoided.
Process for production of oil from plastics or the like includes mixing an object to be converted to oil, which contains at least one of plastics, tyres and garbage, with at least one crushed material selected from shells, dead corals and stalactite and water, and heating the mixture in a sealed container to recover a fuel oil from the object.    USE -   This method is used for obtaining oil from the object containing at least one of plastics, tyres and garbage, especially from the plastic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel oil can be recovered from the object containing at least one of plastics, tyres and garbage, especially from the plastic waste at a high yield to enable the waste to be effectively utilized.
Preparation of methane hydrate comprises reaction of methane with water, in which circulation flow consisting of ascent flow and descent flow is formed, methane is supplied into the flow to be reacted with water, and the methane hydrate layer form around the surface is recovered.    Also claimed is new device for preparation of methane hydrate, which comprises a reactor (1) with temperature controller, means (9) creating circulation flow of ascend/descend flows, means (12, 10) supplying methane (11) to the flow, means (16, 17) recovering surface methane hydrate layer (MH), means (21, 19) supplying water to keep the surface and means (14, 15) circulating non-reacted methane discharged from the surface.    USE -   Expected as the next generation gas source, or for application to regenerative materials, freezers and heat pumps.    ADVANTAGE -   Methane hydrate is prepared with extremely high efficiency because reaction is carried out without disturbance by the reaction products and production equilibrium of methane hydrate is always on water-excessive side which proceeds reaction smoothly. By supplementing an aqueous layer, continuous reaction is enabled. Circulation of non-reacted methane can raise cost efficiency.
NOVELTY - A drum is equipped with cylindrical wall rotatably supported around a horizontal axial center, a feed zone and a removable part (for the processed composite). The drum is rotated by a rotation actuator. A water droplet receptacle cover having holes is arranged between the rotating drum and ceiling to prevent droplets, dropping into the drum.    USE -   For manufacturing compost from organic refuse, animal excreta and organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The rotating drum wall is air permeable and enhances fermentation vapor elimination. Putrefaction is prevented and fermentation is performed satisfactorily and easily. Surplus water from the drum and dew formed in the bottom of the ceiling surface is effectively removed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the plate which constitutes the water droplet receptacle cover. Parts list: (70) Receptacle cover; (80) Trough; (81) Rising part; (83) Vertical wall; (84) Ventilation hole.
NOVELTY - A rotating drum provided with a material feed zone and product drain hole, is supported rotatably around a horizontal axial center. A rotation actuation unit enables rotation of the drum. The cylindrical surrounding wall of the drum has a plate with several holes. The plate is bent to form several troughs and projections which is parallel juxtaposed alternately along the drum peripheral direction.    USE -   For manufacture of compost from organic refuse, animal excreta.    ADVANTAGE -   Good quality compost material is manufactured efficiently. Decomposing of compost by excess of water component is prevented. The inversion stir action of compost is performed reliably. Bending rigidity of surrounding wall is maintained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents (A) vertical section front elevation of the apparatus, (B) perspective diagram showing the cylindrical surrounding wall of rotating drum, and (C) plate. Parts list: (2) Rotating drum; (8) Stay; (9) Cylindrical surrounding wall; (10) Holes; (11) Plate; (12) Trough; (13) Projection; (14) Ring; (15) Cylindrical objects; (28) Material feed zone; (29) Product drain hole; (50) Rotation actuation unit.
Composition for accelerating ageing of fertilizer, comprises bacteria, or actinomycete fungi fixed on coffee bean residues. The water content is adjusted to 15 wt% or less.    ADVANTAGE -   Wasted material can be made into fertilizer.
The production of soil microorganisms' liquid metabolites comprises treating microorganisms by allowing heterotrophic soil bacteria to act on mineral-containing water under aerial exposure to obtain activated heterotrophic soil bacteria and their metabolites. Also claimed are: (1) a production device made up of a microbe-supplying part, air-supplying part, and anion-radiating part; (2) disposal of organic wastewater comprising liquid phase adjustment process to suppress miscellaneous microbes, organic matter treatment process to decompose organic matter and separate sludge, and sludge treatment process to decompose and recycle sludge; and (3) a disposal device made up of a liquid adjustment means, organic matter treatment means, and sludge treatment means.    USE -   This invention is useful for conditioning the soil in agriculture.    ADVANTAGE -   This invention easily and stably provides soil microorganisms' liquid metabolites, effectively activating region-proper heterotrophic soil bacteria. The addition of pH adjustment means and far-infrared radiation facilitates the activation of these microorganisms.
NOVELTY - A material feed zone is provided in the rotating drum supported by a horizontal axis. The drum is rotated by an actuation unit and processed compost is removed through a takeoff. The surrounding cylindrical wall of the drum is separated from the side walls of the apparatus by air permeable end boards leaving clearance spaces.    USE -   For processing of compost from organic waste, animal excreta.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat and vapors generated during fermentation are exhausted efficiently by end boards. Putrefaction of compost material is prevented and leakage of material between surrounding wall and end boards is effectively prevented. The compost is not decomposed by excess water and active high compost is obtained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the vertical sectional view of the apparatus. Parts list: (2) Rotating drum; (7) Rotation axis; (9) Cylindrical surrounding wall; (24,25) Air permeable end boards; (28) Material feed zone; (50) Rotation actuation unit.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a drum (rotated by an actuator) equipped with an air permeable cylindrical surrounding wall, to form a closed space. The apparatus is also equipped with a condenser which separates the water components present. The air present in the closed space is suctioned and air from the outside is circulated to the closed space by means of a circulating fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The rotating drum of the apparatus is rotated by an actuator and is equipped with an air permeable cylindrical surrounding wall, so as to form a closed space. The rotating drum rotates along a horizontal axis and is connected to a material feed zone. A device through which the processed compost is removed, is connected to the rotating drum. The apparatus also has a condenser (water component removal unit) which separates the water components present. The air present in the closed space is suctioned and air from outside is circulated to the closed space by means of a circulating fan.    USE -   For manufacture of compost from organic refuse, animal waste, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The vapor released during fermentation can be removed easily and quickly. Putrefaction by excess water component is not generated and the fermentation can be carried out satisfactorily to easily obtain highly active compost. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation and perspective diagram of the compost manufacturing apparatus. Parts list: (2) Rotating drum; (7) Horizontal axis; (9) Cylindrical surrounding wall.
NOVELTY - The raw gas feed zone (1) has hydrogen gas containing carbon monoxide. The catalyst reaction part is provided with a specific ceramic base material and ruthenium catalyst. A mixer is provided for mixing the oxygen gas and raw gas, supplied from their respective feed zones. CO is selectively removed from the mixed gas by the removing unit, after passing it through the catalyst reaction part.     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The raw gas feed zone (1) contains H2gas containing CO. The catalyst reaction part is provided with a ceramic base material containing mordenite or hydrophobic zeolite with platinum group catalyst (3), preferably ruthenium. A mixer is provided for mixing the oxygen gas and raw gas supplied from their respective feed zones. CO is selectively removed from the mixed gas by the removing unit after passing it through the catalyst reaction part.    USE -   For removing carbon monoxide from the fuel of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Concentrations of carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon components such as natural gas and methanol, naphtha component are reduced and removed selectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional view of a hydrogen gas supply apparatus. (1) Gas feed zone;; (2) Catalytic reaction part;; (3) Catalyst.
NOVELTY - Flow rate of the fuel introduced in a catalyst layer, temperature of the catalyst layer and waste gas heated by a burner are measured. Temperature of the waste gas set to a standard valve is computed from flow rate of fuel and temperature of catalyst layer, which is controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuels such as natural gas and air introduced in a catalyst layer are coated in a burner flow rate of the fuel, temperature of the waste gas and catalyst layer are measured. Temperature of the waste gas set as a standard value is computed from flow rate of fuel and temperature of catalyst layer.    USE -   For fuel battery modifiers.    ADVANTAGE -   Heating gas with high concentration of hydrogen is produced. Temperature changes are detected quickly when a rapid fluctuation in load is visualized. Temperature of the catalyst layer is controlled effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of the modifier for fuel batteries. (2a) Catalyst layer;; (2b) Burner;; (3) Field fuel flow element.
A purification facility for removing substances such as dirt attached on waste plastic cracked by a crushing machine (1), wherein the purification facility comprises a crushing machine (7) for removing the substances such as dirt from the surfaces of the pieces of the waste plastic while crushing the cracked waste plastic by rubbing a pair of hand mill shaped blades (11,12) each other by placing the crushed waste plastic between them and a vibrating screen (10) for removing small grain size substances in the crushed waste plastic discharged from the crushing machine (7).    USE -   The facility is suitable for collecting plastic useful for obtaining oil etc. from waste plastic contained in municipal waste etc..    ADVANTAGE -   Problems such as wear of blades of a crashing machine, jamming of machines, deterioration of wet classification efficiency etc. caused by presence of dirt etc. attached to surfaces of crashed waste plastic are eliminated.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a sealed container (1) equipped with an intake pipe (20), an exhaust pipe (40) and a vapor discharge pipe (30) which deodorizes the air produced during sludge fermentation. The reaction of sludge and bacteria is promoted by blowing-in air through a pipe (54). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sludge disposal apparatus has a sealed container where bacteria and sludge are mixed and fermentation and purification are performed. The container has a unit which ejects fermented sludge, a sludge intake pipe and an air blowing pipe which blows air and promotes the reaction of sludge and bacteria. The gas produced from zymosis of sludge by bacteria is mixed with a vapor which is ejected by vapor discharge pipe (30) and deodorization of gas is performed. The exhaust tube which ejects gas into the outer environment is also present. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for microorganism composting apparatus of faeces and urine.    USE -   The fermentation of sludge such as faeces and urine, for use as fertilizer for agriculture (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Effective usage of compost (formed from the treatment of sludge) can be performed. A series of process is continuously performed, quickly and efficiently. The odor during sludge collection is suppressed. Environmental disruption is averted. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of the sludge disposal apparatus. (1) Container;; (12) Door;; (14) Air mixture board;; (15) Illumination device;; (20) Sludge intake pipe;; (22,32,42) Cock for opening- closing;; (24,34,50) Couplers;; (40) Exhaust tube;; (54) Air blowing-in pipe.
NOVELTY - The sludge is mixed with specific amount of bacteria in a sealed sludge disposal container (1A) and fermentation is performed. A deodorizing gas generated during the fermentation, deodorizes the air in the container. The unprocessed sludge and the deodorizing gas are fed into another processing container (B) where the fermentation process is repeated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the composting of faeces and urine in the presence of phototropic bacterium in a sealed fermentation apparatus.    USE -   The fermentation of sludge like faeces and urine forms a compost that is used as a fertilizer in agriculture (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Environmental pollution is prevented by processing the sludge which is reused effectively. The deodorization of the sludge is carried out effectively. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The perspective diagram shows the sludge disposal apparatus that performs the processing of sludge. (1A,1B) Sludge disposal containers;; (25) Sludge introduction pipe;; (30) Vapor discharge pipe;; (35) Deodorization steamy introduction pipe;; (40) Exhaust tube.
NOVELTY - Sludge is supplied to a drum supported by a rotator. On both sides of the drum, a board is attached with provision of intaking and extracting the sludge. A fin in the drum performs mixing and a grinding mixing unit with a rotary driving shaft carrying uniform zymosis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sludge is supplied to a drum supported by a rotator. A board is attached on either sides of the drum, which has provisions for intaking and extracting the sludge. A fin in the drum performs mixing. A grinding mixing unit has rotation driving shaft interposed between the boards, and carries out uniform zymosis. A rotation feather is mounted on the driving shaft, which is rotated by a drive unit.    USE -   For fermentation of wastes such as organic refuse, industrial waste, livestock dung etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The supplied sludge is uniformly ground and effective zymosis is performed. Purification of sludge and removal of ground sludge are performed effectively. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- section of sludge fermenter. Parts list: (10) Cylindrical drum; (15) Fin; (20) Grinding mixing unit; (22) Rotary driving shaft; (23) Rotation feather; (24) Drive unit; (31) Rotator.
NOVELTY - A microorganism carrier (31) is housed in a container (15) for decomposing organic refuse. Agitator (18) stirs the organic refuse and the carrier. Drainage holes (16a) are formed at the container bottom for ejecting water in the container. Organic refuse and carrier deposited near the top of the drainage hole are carried upwards by the agitator action.    USE -   For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces clogging of drainage holes by organic refuse or microorganism carrier by effective stirring action of the spherical-shaped agitator. Enhances drainage of decomposition water. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the spherical-shaped agitator and the drainage holes formed at the container bottom. (15) Container; (16a) Drainage holes; (18) Agitator; (31) Microorganism carrier.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a water source to supply water through showers to fluidize organic substance which are flushed through drain holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A container is equipped with an insertion opening for dumping organic substances and drain holes. Several showers are arranged on the upper surface of the container and a water source supplies water to the showers. A switch and a controller control the water supply. Organic substance is repeatedly injected and is fluidized by the shower inside the container and is flushed through the drain and the controller controls the repeated flushing.    USE -   For mineralization of plant and animal remains, domestic garbage etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Process time is shortened and operation efficiency is improved. Amount of water used for scouring is minimised and fluid temperature is regulated effectively. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the sectional view of the fluidization processing apparatus. Parts list: (21,22) Outer and inner containers; (B1) Water source; (B6) Switch; (B7) Controller; (B9) Shower.
NOVELTY - The machine has a cylindrical drum having lids on front and back side of it, respectively. The front lid is provided with an inlet for refuse, a hopper and an air drain hole and the back lid is provided with a drain hole and an outlet for compost. The drum is rotated along the axis of a shaft by means of a drive motor. The air from the drum is exhausted by an air emission unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The machine has a cylindrical drum having lids on front and back side of it, respectively. The front lid is provided with an inlet for refuse, a hopper and an air drain hole and the back lid is provided with a drain hole and an outlet for compost. The drum is rotated along the axis of a shaft by means of a drive motor. The air from the drum is exhausted by an air emission unit. The refuse is cut by a cutting unit received from the hopper and is conveyed by a conveyor. The main axis of the drum is parallel to the axis of the shaft.    USE -   For organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The efficiency of processing the refuse is improved and the TOC value is reduced. The rotten smell of the refuse is prevented. The electrical power required for the process is minimum, therefore the processing cost is reduced. The usage of sawdust is eliminated. The refuse is processed aerobically. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the organic refuse processing machine. Parts list: (2) Hood; (6) Drum; (8,9) Lids; (14) Inlet; (15) Air drain hole; (16) Air emission unit; (18) Drain hole; (23,24) Rollers; (27) Hopper; (28) Cutting unit; (29) Conveyor; (40) Air inlet; (B) Blades; (S) Shaft.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a cylindrical drum (installed on a rotation shaft), on rotating actuator and a suction device which forces out air through a drain hole of the drum. The rotation shaft is equipped with a cutter which is configured in parallel, and the cutting blades are arranged as a whorl near an intake hole of the drum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus comprises a cylindrical drum (provided with front and back lids and installed on a rotation shaft) and an actuator. The front lid has an intake hole and an air drain opening, while the back lid has a drain hole and an air intake opening. The apparatus is also provided with a suction device which forces out air through the air drain hole. The rotation shaft comprises a cutter configured parallelly and the cutting blades are arranged as a whorl, near the intake hole.    USE -   For aerobic oxidative degradation of organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus is compact and efficient. The amount of organic carbons can be remarkably reduced and generation of odor during processing, is mitigated. Processing cost is reduced. The obtained compost can be discharged automatically. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the organic refuse processing apparatus. (2) Hood; ; (6) Drum; ; (12,13) Grooves; ; (17) Suction device; ; (23,24) Rollers; ; (27) Rotation shaft; ; (29-32) Cutting blades.
NOVELTY - A temperature sensor in the treatment tank detects the temperature, where the microbial activity is low and high. Therefore, an optimum temperature zone is selected for the operation and the stirring frequency of the stirring wings is controlled in this optimum temperature zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A treatment tank filled with microorganism culture medium is stirred well with supplying organic refuse, using stirring wings, at a predetermined stirring frequency, to enable fermentation and decomposition of the organic refuse. The temperature sensor detects the temperature at which the microbial activity is high and low, and the optimum temperature for performing the fermentation process.    USE -   For organic refuse processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The activity of the refuse decomposing microbes is highly increased and effective decomposition is enabled. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of refuse processing apparatus. Parts list: (11) Treatment tank; (12) Microorganism culture medium; (13) Stirring wings.
NOVELTY - The processing apparatus consists of a fermenter (1) having vertically aligned knives (9), which are fixed to the ceiling of fermenter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fermenter consists of a horizontal shaft (6) fixed with stirring bars (5) along its axis. The ceiling of the fermenter is equipped with knives which gear with the stirring bars and crush the organic refuse within the fermenter.    USE -   For manufacture of compost from organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Crushing capacity of the apparatus is maintained. Power consumption and operating cost for refuse processing is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of refuse processing apparatus. (1) Fermenter; ; (5) Stirring bars; ; (6) Shaft; ; (9) Knives; ; (10) Drain hole.
NOVELTY - The air blower for exhausting air from the processing chamber is arranged adjoining the drive transmitter. The drive transmitter transmits output of electric motor having revolving shaft with impeller for stirring substance inside the processing chamber.    USE -   In decomposition of organic substances, such as garbage.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces the size of apparatus due to provisions of air blower adjoining to drive transmitter. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows sectional view of organic substance processing apparatus. Parts list: (5) Processing chamber; (8) Electric motor; (12) Revolving shaft.
NOVELTY - Electric motor is mounted to reinforcement rod which supports the revolving shaft having the impeller for stirring substance inside processing chamber. The turning effort of the electric motor is transmitted to the revolving shaft by a drive transmitter.    USE -   For decomposition of organic substance e.g. garbage.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents distortion and damage of processing chamber during stirring and avoids formation of positional gap between revolving shaft and output shaft of an electric motor resulting in performing stable drive transmittance. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of organic substance processing apparatus. Parts list: (5) Processing chamber; (8) Electric motor; (9) Reinforcement rod; (12) Revolving shaft; (13) Impeller.
NOVELTY - CH4 or CO2 is generated by anaerobic zymosis of organic waste. A methane decomposition unit (6) decomposes methane and generates carbon and hydrogen using a catalyst. A carbon dioxide fixation unit (8) uses CO2 and H2 generated in the methane decomposition unit and makes them to react in the presence of catalyst and forms C and H2O.    USE -   For fabrication of carbon black in power station, iron yard, chemical plants.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces cost of CO2 fixation by obtaining H2 cheaply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of carbon dioxide fixation process. (6) Methane decomposition unit; (8) Carbon dioxide fixation unit.
NOVELTY - Odorous gas generated due to fermentation from composting plant (2) collected in dust collector (4) is passed to deodorizer. The deodorizer is filled with deodorizing material (6) which captures microorganisms in the gas, which cause odor. Clean air is then exhausted to atmosphere from deodorizer.    USE -   For deodorizing odorous gas from livestock manure composting plant in cold and snowy areas.    ADVANTAGE -   Environmental pollution is eliminated as odor in the gas and microorganism are filled in the deodorizing material. Deodorizing property of deodorizer material is maintained with sprinkler system. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents sectional view of composting apparatus with rock wool deodorizer. (2) Composting apparatus; (4) Dust collector; (6) Deodorizing material.
NOVELTY - N,N'-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (NDMA) dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme is treated with butanol formed by acetone-butanol fermentation to convert into butanal. This butanal is then subjected to aldehyde decarbonylase enzyme which removes a carbon monoxide from butanal and forms propane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fermentation of raw material is performed in the acetone-butanol fermentation tank, to produce 1- butanol, acetone, isopropanol, carbondioxide, hydrogen etc. The fermented liquid is then treated with NDMA dependent ADH in a bio-reactor. The butanal obtained from 1-butanol is further converted to propane by reacting it with and aldehyde decarbonylase enzyme in another bio-reactor. The obtained liquid propane is then volatilized, stored in a container and liquified by a propane liquifier.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The process enables increased energy production from acetone-butanol fermentation. Propane is effectively produced and packed into container, which can be easily conveyed.
NOVELTY - The decomposition of polylactic acid is performed by a micro organism which has silk decomposing property.    USE -   For biodegradable plastics such as disposable diapers.    ADVANTAGE -   The process enables effective decomposition of polylactic acid.
NOVELTY - Aspergillus.species of strain KSC 1004 or fuzarium.species of strain KSC 1005 is added to the processing liquid containing at least carbon, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur and this processing liquid is supplied to the charcoal material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the microorganisms used in the dephosphorisation process.    USE -   For charcoal used as silicon raw material in manufacture of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The dephosphorisation rate is highly increased and the process can be performed under mild conditions. The amount of slag and waste generated by the process is sharply reduced.
NOVELTY - The use of a halogenated alumina-based catalyst, containing a group VIII metal for the hydroisomerization of 4 - 8 C normal paraffins (n) to form isoparaffins (i) of high octane index for the synthesis of MTBE (methyl t-butyl ether) for incorporation in petrol fuels.    USE - For the production of isoparaffins as octane index improvers for petrol fuels, to replace lead alkyl usage. The isobutane can be used for the alkylation of olefins and synthesis of MTBE, via the dehydrogenation of isobutane, used as an octane index improver for petrol.    ADVANTAGE - The vapor treatment of the support produces an increased activity of the catalyst and limits the formation of cracked products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst contains a halogen and a group VIII metal supported on a gamma alumina or eta alumina. It is subjected to a high temperature water vapor and subsequently halogenated.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the preparation and use of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - A composting assembly for kitchen and garden waste has four sides and a lid. Three sides hinge-clip together and may be detached from each other. The assembly is preferably made of plastic, and incorporates air apertures in the side walls.    USE - Thermo-composting assembly for kitchen and garden wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly may be transported in knock-down condition and is easily assembled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the assembled composter.
NOVELTY - The integrated sieve is rotatable about a horizontal axis manually or by a motor. It consists of grids (1, 2) attached to end plates 7, an axle (3) installable in ball bearings, and a support frame either on wheels or on feet. At least one grid is provided with hinges and a locking device, and serves as an opening flap. The grids are exchangeable for others with different mesh sizes.    USE - For composting household and garden waste.    ADVANTAGE - Physical labor and inconvenience involved in mixing, extracting etc. of the composting matter are eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of the proposed composter.    Grids (1, 2)    Axle (3)
NOVELTY - Non biodegradable substances are removed from organic residues prior to their decomposition for the production of methane ('biogas') in a fermenter.    USE - The assembly separates organic from non biodegradable substances.    ADVANTAGE - The non biodegradable fraction is devoid of biodegradable wastes, and is suitable for hygiene and sterilization treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Non biodegradable substances are removed from organic residues prior to their decomposition for the production of methane ('biogas') in a fermenter (1). The fermenter (1) has a mixer (2) mechanism by which three fractions of different density are discharged. The three fractions are heavy sinking solids, suspended solids and floating substances. The residues are agitated by the mechanism within the fermenter (1). The residence period varies with the fraction density, and is individually controlled by the variable-speed mixer which may agitate the residues in whole or in part.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan-view of the general arrangement for the fermenter and separator assembly.
NOVELTY - Preparation of a plant substrate comprises: (a) mixing of a first organic material with a moisture content of 200% in relation to the absolute dry mass of the organic material, with a second organic material with a moisture content of 20% in relation to the absolute dry organic material; and (b) storing of the mixture for at least 100 hours.    USE - No further details.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a plant substrate with a starting moisture content of less than 20% before composting relative to the absolute dry material; and    (2) use of lignocellulose material as above for the preparation of a plant substrate.
Microbial azotobacteria fertilizer is microbial fertilizer containing stem-nodule azotobacteria (Ac bacteria), which exists in the form of product after solid fermentation or the mixture of the product, culture medium and disinfected water in the amount of 10-35 wt%. The preparation includes the steps of Ac bacteria collection, slant strain culture, shaking culture, seed pot culture, liquid fermentation in fermentation tank and solid fermentation. The Ac bacteria may be used as joint azotobacteria widely for non leguminous crops. The process is simple and suitable for industrial production.
NOVELTY - A composting container (I) with a space for organic waste and a perforated floor, which aerates the waste by the combination of at least one air inlet and at least one vent is new.    USE - The new method and apparatus are used to aerate, generate and store compost from domestic organic waste, especially generated by the production of worm castings or the activity of aerobic microorganisms or fungi. The leachate from the new container may be used in horticultural applications. The new container may also be used as a conventional bin.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike prior art methods and apparatus used for composting, the new apparatus and methods do not produce unpleasant odors due to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. In addition they exclude insects and vermin more easily and the container has a better appearance than the structures used to carry out certain methods. If wheels are present on the base then (I) may be easily repositioned for filling and emptying as required. The new method and apparatus may reduce the amount of domestic organic waste dumped in landfill sites by up to 60%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air inlet(s) in the new container direct(s) air into the gap between the perforated floor and the base of the container and from there through the perforations. The vent(s) draw(s) air from the space containing the organic waste.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a method of composting organic waste; and    (2) a composting kit for modifying a container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the new composting container    container (12)    space for waste (14)    lid (24)    handle (34)    wheels (36)    perforated floor (16)    base (18)    gap (10)    upper portion (22)
NOVELTY - Composter for night soil and other biodegradable material.    USE - Composter for night soil and other waste, for easy transport and dumping at depot.    ADVANTAGE - By draining off the liquid, the volume of the waste is reduced by 95 to 98%; the composter may typically be used for up to 2 years before needing to be emptied. The waste is contained in a sack which is discharged at a depot; discharging is easy and clean. The new sack is inserted completed with working compost bed. If the composter is full with non-composted material, it can be put aside and replaced while composting continues. The sack is biodegradable. The carrier is made of panels which can be transported flat and erected on site. No manual handling is required. The compost is contained in a sealed sack. The device may be used in emergency situations, e.g. refugee camps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Composter for night soil and other biodegradable material includes a receptacle in which the starting bed is laid, comprising an inner liquid-impermeable flexible lining in the form of a sack (10) and supporting carrier (1). The sack has drains (14) for liquids which separate from the composting material. The carrier and lining can be transported as a unit to a depot and the sack deposited by lifting the carrier and opening the hatches (8,24) in the bottom of the carrier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the composter.    carrier (1)    sack (10)    drain (14)    lid (11)    hatches (8)
NOVELTY - Moist wired hydrocarbon gas (2) is supplied to chamber (12) has modification catalyst (3). Anode waste gas (11) from fuel battery (20) is supplied to transparent chamber (16) which is below modification catalyst chamber. Hydrogen permeation film (16a) is provided between transparent and modification catalyst chambers. Hydrogen gas from transparent chamber and gas from modification catalyst chamber mix together and are supplied to anode of fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A combustion chamber (14) above modification catalyst chamber burns the air (7) by heating gases (1) from a thermally conductive thin plate (14a) separates the combustion chamber and modification catalyst chamber. The rate of flow of anode waste gas supply to transparent chamber is set such that partial pressure of hydrogen in modification catalyst chamber is always higher than that of transparent chamber. The outlet of modification catalyst is provided with orifice (18). The gases coming from transparent chamber and modification catalyst chamber are combined due to differences in their pressures.    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The increase of the operating temperature of modifier is restricted effectively. A high efficiency of battery is obtained from this type of reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen gas reformer. (1) Heating gas; (2) Hydrocarbon gas; (3) Modification catalyst; (7) Air; (11) Anode waste gas; (12) Modification catalyst chamber; (14) Combustion chamber; (14a) Thin plates; (16) Transparent chamber; (16a) Hydrogen permeation film; (18) Orifice; (20) Fuel battery.
NOVELTY - Aerobic Burkholderia cepacia decomposes an organic salt element system agrochemicals e.g. pentachloro nitro benzene into an aerobic material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) an integration method of the decomposition microbe; and (2) isolation method of decomposition microbe.    USE -   For river water and underground water contamination prevention.    ADVANTAGE -   The microbe Burkholderia cepacia can easily decompose pentachloro nitro benzene and CNP which are difficult to be decomposed. Decomposition of the agrochemicals by the microbe prevents contamination of river water and ground water by the agrochemicals.
NOVELTY - A hypofluorite gas is used for removal of deposits by a gas-solid reaction.    USE - For etching away completely of unwanted deposits (claimed), especially in thin film semiconductor or optical device production, super steel material production, thick and thin films, powders, whiskers, etc. by CVD or PVD processes.    ADVANTAGE - The etching gas is made harmless to the environment after removal of the deposits    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method or removing deposits using the gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a multilayer structure after etching.
The sulphide oxidising bacteria are immobilised on the filter (1) and the incoming biogas is mixed with air (2). The remaining part of the biogas (5) containing CO2 , CH4 and N2 is treated in a pressure vibration adsorption plant (6) in which CO2 is separated from CH4 by adsorption on a zeolite. CO2 in the permeate is then dripped in a drip producing plant (9), the CH4 in the permeate then being separated and fed back to the intake of the pressure vibration adsorption plant, and the clean CO2liquid can be filled into a pressure bottle.    ADVANTAGE -    The plant separates sulphur, CO2 (99.995% clean) and CH4from biogas, into clean individual components.
Process for treatment of biological waste or contaminated soil comprises forming a first layer of the waste or soil on a surface, growing rhizomatous plants on the first layer, harvesting the plants, depositing a second layer of the waste or soil on the previous layer and treating it in the same manner, optionally repeating this process one or more times, and disposing of the residual material. The depth of the second layer must be such that the plants' rhizomes can grow through it.    USE -   especially for treating contaminated compost, waste from the food industry, sewage sludge, or soil contaminated with heavy metals.
NOVELTY - A catalytic cracker is used to recover heat from water and light hydrocarbons evaporated in a heat exchanger and return it to the combustion process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A chemical process for recovering heat from an internal combustion engine, comprises the use of a fuel mixture of water and hydrocarbons, which is supplied to a heat exchanger operating at 70-110C, and then the heated mixture is supplied to an evaporator. Only the fully evaporated products are supplied to a catalytic cracker, forming light hydrocarbons and alcohols (e.g. methane and methanol) as end products. Cracker operation temperature depends on the mixture, but is typically up to and above 1000C. The gaseous or condensed fuel is then combusted to run the motor, and any heat recovered is returned to the combustion process.    USE -   The same technique can be used to recover heat from power stations and industrial processes.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat lost through steam and evaporated light hydrocarbons (e.g. petrol) is recovered, improving the gasification of the fuel without the need to pre-heat combustion air. Engine efficiency is improved and NOx emissions are reduced. DETAILS OF DRAWING -The drawing shows an internal combustion engine. (1) Fuel tank; (2) Water tank; (3) Pumps; (4) Electrically operated valves; (5) Control signals from computer; (6) Heat exchanger; (7) Fuel mixture evaporator; (8) Catalytic cracker; (9) Thermally insulated branch pipe; (10) Thermally insulated gas transporting pipe; (11) Water separator/condenser; (12) Water returning to evaporator; (13) Gas mixer; (14) Gas choke; (15) Temperature sensor linked to CPU; (16) Lambda sensor linked to CPU for altering mixture ratio or oxygen content in exhaust gas; (17) Cold start distributor; (18) Cooled exhaust gas.
NOVELTY - Plastic and cardboard are mixed with sawdust and then compacted to form fuel pellets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel pellet prepared from compacted particles comprises (A) 30-50 wt.% plastic, (B) 25-35 wt.% cardboard, and (C) 25-35 wt.% sawdust.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Compared with previous sawdust-based pellets, the tendency to crumble into smaller pieces is reduced, moisture repellency is improved and ash formation during combustion is reduced. The pellets also produce a good amount of heat when burnt.
NOVELTY - Heat output during generation of electricity from water is used to ferment organic waste and produce methane which is used to generate electricity.    USE -   Used for processing organic waste obtained from food industry and fishing industry for power generation.    ADVANTAGE -    The by-products CO2 and H2O can be utilized for recycling during waste fermentation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic block diagram of apparatus used for electricity generation from waste.
NOVELTY - Cleaning waste water stored in a pool is passed through a radiation treatment unit to dissolve an organic substance. The water from the radiation treatment unit is then passed through a tourmaline compact containing zinc and binder in an active water generation tower to obtain a modified active water, for washing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The waste water from the pool is passed through an organic substance splitting column provided with a radiation treatment unit and a bio-process unit. The radiation treatment unit contains a natural radioactive substance mixed with a binder provided in a tray to dissolve an organic substance in the received pool water. Then the water is passed through the bio-process unit for removing residual organic substance using aerobic bacteria.    USE -   For motor vehicle washing system.    ADVANTAGE -   As waste water is completely purified, recycling efficiency is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the components of the washing apparatus. Parts list: (3) Cleaning waste water pool; (5) Organic substance splitting column; (6) Active water generation tower.
NOVELTY - A mixture of methane, ammonia and oxygen to be catalytically converted to hydrogen cyanide is heated to the required reaction temperature by means of an indirect heat exchanger using the heat given out by the reaction.    USE - To manufacture hydrogen cyanide using the Andrussow Process.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is compact and inexpensive to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat exchanger operates in counter-flow. Air is used as the source of oxygen and may be heated separately to the required reaction temperature. Nitrogen may also be added to the mixture as ballast gas to remove heat excess to requirements.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A counter-flow reactor suitable for the process of the invention    Inner tube (1)    Outer tube (2)    Catalyst bed (3)
NOVELTY - The process for remedying a soil contaminated with a pollutant comprises: (a) freezing a soil contaminated with a pollutant; and (b) introducing at least one microorganism capable of decomposing the pollutant, an inducer for making a microorganism express an ability to decompose the pollutant, and a nutrient for growth of a microorganism capable of decomposing the pollutant.    USE - For remediating environment e.g. soil, groundwater etc. polluted with compounds e.g. hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons using a microorganism. Soil treated by the above method and a control soil (treated without the frozen treatment) were tested after treatment for residual N-hexadecane. With the above treatment, the residual N-hexadecane was 0.002 g while the control soil had 0.05 g residual N-hexadecane.    ADVANTAGE - The process achieves uniform distribution of at least one microorganism capable of decomposing the pollutant. Also the pollutant decomposition efficiency is remarkably promoted when the polluted soil is first frozen and a liquid containing the microorganism is injected into the soil. Also the soil remediation period is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The schematic diagram illustrates the invention.    Contaminated Soil (7)    Container containing liquid reagent (1)    Injection system (2)    Refrigerant (4)    Feeder (3)    Pipe (5)
NOVELTY - Particles in the size range 0-50 mm diameter are continually introduced to a stream of warm (35-80 degrees C) water and are mixed in a vat. The mixing process is conducted such that both light and heavy non-biodegradable substances are held in suspension. The homogenized suspension is continually tapped from the mixer vat and is pumped into a fermentation vat (5) in which the light and floating particles are separated from the heavier, sinking particles.    USE - For treating non-biodegradable waste matter.    ADVANTAGE - The process may be continually operated and provides a simple means by which esp. non-biodegradable material may be separated from biodegradable matter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow chart of the process.
NOVELTY - The fermenter vessel (10) has a drive (14) and is supported and carried in bearings on two opposite sides. On one side, a rigid axis (16) parallel to the plane of the supports (22) carries one bearing unit with a gas tight seal (26). The stationary axis enters the vessel through this gas tight seal. On the other side, the bearing (24) is mounted directly on the support (22). The stirrer (12) is fixed to the rigid, non-rotating axis (16) inside the vessel.    USE - A stirred fermenter or composting vessel suitable for materials which are difficult to mix, especially lump or granular materials.    ADVANTAGE - This composter is suitable for lump or granular materials. Rotary vessels are unusual, because of sealing and sterility problems. The subject design is accordingly kept simple. Granular materials are mixed with high efficiency. Only one rotary seal is required. The piped connections are static and are easily and perfectly sealed into the shaft. The weight of fermenter and contents is shared equally by the supports. Excellent control is achievable; control systems are included. A special ability is that of breaking down organic materials in organic or mineral materials. A wide variety of such wastes is exemplified in the disclosure. Other reactions which can be carried out are also exemplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An elevation of the equipment is sectioned.    fermenter vessel (10)    fixed stirrer (12)    drive (14)    rigid axis parallel to plane of supports (16)    supports (22)    bearing (24)    gas tight seal (26)    charging and emptying ports (28)
NOVELTY - Previously-stored materials of varying consistency enter the tempering, syphonic air lock or lute section (1), passing into an inclined fermenter (2).    USE - For making methane by digestion of materials with differing consistency, e.g. biomass and sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The design permits handling of near-solid and/or more fluid masses. Little special equipment is required. Operation takes place in plug flow, rather than stirred reaction, under continuous flow rate control.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A longitudinal section taken through the reactor, is seen from the side.    air lock or lute section (1)    inclined fermenter (2)    hydraulic sliding layer (3)    outlet air lock (4)    percolate outlet (5)    hold- up elevation (6)    mechanical unit overcoming static friction (7)    emptying device (8)    over-clad, planked region (9)    gas extractor (10)    gas-tight flexible apron (11)    pressure-actuated fermenter wall (12)    mixer, preferably heated (13)    sterilizing unit (14)
The present invention relates to an aerobic composting process by using organic wastes. It is characterized by that using aerobic fermentation accelerator including flyash and utilizing the biological metabolism of aerobic organisms to convert the organic substances being in the organic wastes into organic fertilizer to fully utilize organic wastes ad cleanse environment,at the same time overcoming the demerits of existent technology, such as sticky material and poor permeability by using industrial waste flyash.
NOVELTY - A method and apparatus for controlling biodegradation of an aqueous medium containing nitrogen-containing components.    USE - The method and apparatus are used in the treatment of waste water.    ADVANTAGE - The biodegradation process runs efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises:    (1) assessing the value of at least one parameter that represents the ammonia concentration of the aqueous medium;    (2) comparing the assessed value or a series of assessed values with predetermined criteria for at least one measured parameter; and    (3) adjusting the oxygen concentration of the aqueous medium based on the comparison to optimize biodegradation of the nitrogen-containing components.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) a waste water treatment plant comprising the apparatus and/or wherein biodegradation is controlled by a method as above; and    (ii) a method for determining the concentration of ammonia in an aqueous medium subject to biodegradation of nitrogen-containing components in the medium, the method comprising, monitoring fluorescence emission values from at least one characteristic biogenic fluorophore in the medium over a period of time, and calculating an ammonia concentration based on the monitored fluorescence emission and a predetermined rate of conversion of ammonia to nitrate in the medium.
NOVELTY - Agitator (48) for aerating and displacing material in composting bay comprises structural frame member(s) (50a-i); conveyor (56) for discharging composting material from agitator into composting bay; feeder (54) for taking material from bay to conveyor; bridge breaker(s) (58) for contacting material, causing it to fall evenly on conveyor.    USE - Agitating and aerating composting material in compost bays in large scale treatment of industrial and municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus treats deep compost beds quickly, efficiently and for long periods without maintenance. Different heights of bed can be treated. Crusted beds can be treated. A large volume of compost can be treated in a relatively small reaction vessel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for : a) the method of aerating and displacing composting material by breaking the material, and feeding to conveyor. b) an in-vessel composting system comprising composting bays with agitators. c) a composting facility with numerous bays and agitators. Preferred Features: The feeder is a rotating drum. The drum has protrusions. Agitator has adjustable discharge shroud. Bridge breaker has rotating shaft with protrusions. The bridge breaker can oscillate vertically. Bridge breaker contacts compost before feeder. The in-vessel system has ventilation system which controls temperature in compost. The discharge shroud is as wide as the bay; rearward discharge is controlled to give unifrom height of compost. The agitator is moved on a dolly from one bay to another.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the agitator.    agitator (48)    structural members (50)    feeder (54)    conveyor (56)    bridge breaker (58)
NOVELTY - The stable composite material includes a gas-tight ceramic having a composition exhibiting both ionic and electronic conductivity and good oxygen permeability for conversion of lower hydrocarbons to high value products.    USE - For use in conversion of methane and lower molecular weight alkanes into synthetic fuels of chemicals.    ADVANTAGE - The composite membrane exhibits improved stability when exposed to reducing atmosphere and other operating conditions for extended time periods.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composite material for membrane reactors contains:    (a) a dense ceramic membrane comprising a crystalline mixed metal oxide exhibiting, at operating temperatures, electron conductivity, oxygen ion conductivity and the ability to separate oxygen from a gaseous mixture via the conductivities,    (b) a porous support comprising an alloy of at least two metallic elements and which exhibits mechanical stability at operating temperature and    (c) an interfacial zone of chemical interaction between the dense ceramic membrane and the porous support.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a hollow tube module for membrane reactors, comprising:    (i) the dense ceramic membrane,    (ii) an inner porous tube of the alloy,    (iii) the interfacial zone having a gradient of composition in at least one metallic element,    (iv) an outer porous tube of the alloy    (v) and a second interfacial zone between the dense ceramic membrane and the outer porous tube having a gradient of composition in at least one metallic element and    (b) a process for the conversion of organic compounds into value-added products.
NOVELTY - The process uses a rotatable bed with through passages containing convertible material with two oxidation states. The bed is rotated so each passage is moved through zones including oxidative regeneration and reaction zones, in which oxidizing fluid is passed to oxidize the material to its higher state, and feed is passed through respective zones to reduce the product to its lower state.    USE - For an exothermic oxidation reaction in a moving bed containing a material that can be oxidized from a lower to a higher oxidation state.    ADVANTAGE - By having the material as a rotating bed, high heat and mass transfer coefficients can be achieved, the bed can have a high heat capacity, and the amount of catalyst and catalyst attrition can be minimized. Plug flow can be achieved and associated plant requirements are small.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A cooling fluid should be passed through the bed. The reaction stage or stages should form 40-80% of the total cycle time, which is preferably less than 5 minutes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows diagrammatically a rotatable catalyst bed.    Cylindrical bed (10)
NOVELTY - Uses integrated process involving vaporization, hydrogenation, condensation and aqueous scrubbing to convert waste lubricating oil and pyrolysis oil derived from organic waste to synthetic crude oil.    USE - For conversion of waste lubricating oil and pyrolysis oil derived from organic waste to synthetic crude oil.    ADVANTAGE - Provides integrated process for the simultaneous conversion of waste lubricating and pyrolysis oils which avoids heating the stream via indirect heat exchange to preclude coke formation, minimizes utility costs and produces useful product from waste oils.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Simultaneous conversion of waste lubricating oil and pyrolysis oil derived from organic waste to produce synthetic crude oil involves: (a) contacting the waste oils with hot hydrogen-rich gaseous recycle stream to vaporize at least a part, (b) contacting the resulting admixture of hydrogen and vaporized waste oils with hydrogenation catalyst in hydrogenation zone to reduce olefinicity and increase the thermal stability of the resulting hydrocarbons, (c) contacting the stream from (b) with hydroprocessing catalyst in hydroprocessing zone to produce higher hydrogen content hydrocarbons containing lower concentrations of heteroatoms, (d) condensing at least part of the effluent to produce gaseous stream of hydrogen and gaseous water-soluble inorganic compounds and a liquid stream of hydrocarbons, (e) contacting the gaseous stream with aqueous solution to recover inorganic compounds and produce hydrogen-rich gaseous stream and (f) recovering liquid stream of hydrocarbons.
NOVELTY - 1-10 wt parts of hydrogen chloride present in 100 wt parts of inflammable waste is heated at 250-350 C in nitrogen or an inert atmosphere or in vacuum. Dehydration process is carried out between 250-350 C after washing process.    USE -   For manufacturing solid fuel-inflammable waste containing chlorine, in city refuse for use in cement baking process.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid fuel is obtained as high calorie content and low chlorine concentration by removing chlorine content efficiently and hence reduces calory loss. Recycling of waste is avoided by avoiding need for carrying out disposal of waste fuel. Improves desalination efficiency since solid fuel having very less chlorine content is obtained.
NOVELTY - Dehydration (1) of plastic waste is performed to a concentration of 5 wt.% or less and then contacted with a classification solvent. A solid liquid separation (3) is performed. The soluble component are separated as oil. The insoluble components are contacted with non-condensable gas and the obtained gaseous mixtures are gas and the obtained gaseous mixture are cooled. The solvent is condensed and non condensable gas is heated and recirculated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Dehydration of plastic waste is carried out to a concentration of 5 wt.% or less and contacted with a classification solvent to dissolve the soluble components selectively. A solid liquid separation is performed. The classification solvent in the solution containing plastics is evaporated and subjected to concentration (4) followed by heat decomposition. The solution containing non-melted plastics are treated with a non-condensable gas heated to 50-200 C. Solvent is evaporated and the gaseous mixture containing classification solvent vapor and non-condensable gas is cooled. The classification solvent vapor is condensed and non-condensable gas is heat processed to 50-200 C and re-circulated.    USE -   For processing of hydrocarbon group plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride etc.,    ADVANTAGE -   Processing and classification of soluble and insoluble plastics are performed effectively. Generation of toxic gas during the process are eliminated. The oil obtained by dissolution can be used as fuel or reaction raw material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the stepwise processing method of plastic waste. (1) Dehydration; (3) Solid liquid separation; (4) Concentration process.
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of a conveyor (8) which conveys the pulverized raw material without microbes into a fermentation tank. The conveyor, supply and return hoppers (1)-(3) are attached with moisture detection sensors (12a)-(12d) and input adjusting devices to detect and control moisture content of the refuse.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus carries out fermentation decomposition of organic waste such as livestock dung, agricultural waste, sludge and refuses from home and produces a compost.    USE -   To manufacture compost from organic waste substances such as organic refuse ejected from home, livestock dung, agricultural waste, and sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   The detection sensors and input adjusting device helps to produce compost of homogeneous water content. Pulverization process is carried out without a bad smell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plan view of the organic refuse apparatus provided with detection sensors. (1,2) Supply hoppers; (3) Return hopper; (8) Conveyor; (12a)-(12d) Moisture detection sensors.
NOVELTY - A vegetable scum used as activated carbon is mixed with organic waste in a mixer (1). The mixer is fermented in fermenter (9) to obtain a fertilizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fertilizer manufacture apparatus. The apparatus consists of activated carbon manufacturing apparatus, mixing apparatus, fermenter and wood collection apparatus.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The addition of activated carbon controls the production of odor. The organic waste is recycled and used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the manufacturing apparatus of fertilizer. (1) Mixer; (9) Fermenter.
NOVELTY - The sludge produced during purification of sewage is mixed with fine powdered coal and the obtained sludge is dehydrated and caked.    USE -   For thermal power stations.    ADVANTAGE -   The sludge is effectively disposed of, and electric power is generated at low cost. Environmental pollution is eliminated. Adherence of shellfish from sea water to the cooling water pipe is prevented.
NOVELTY - Treated water stirred by an agitator is passed via charcoal in tank (31) contacts aerobic microorganism at chamber (40) and gets treated. The treated water is again made to circulate via charcoal and contact anaerobic microorganism at chamber (39) of the tank and gets treated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an ultra-pure water forming apparatus.    USE -   For forming ultra-pure water used in manufacture of semiconductor device such as highly integrated DRAM.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces electrical conductivity of water by denitrification action of anaerobic microorganism. Reduces total organic carbon by action of microorganism. Suppresses microorganism peeling off from fixation carrier due to downward processing of water under aerobic and anaerobic condition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of an example of the ultra-pure water treatment equipment. (31) Tank; (39,40) Chambers.
NOVELTY - A slurry of contaminated soil and water is formed and stored. A slurry is purified by passing oxygen through it. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for biotic purifier.    USE -   For purifying soil contaminated with oil and organic compound obtained from chemical plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Soil is purified efficiently. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of biotic purifier.
NOVELTY - The oxide mineral uses an organic waste as raw material, which is subjected to fermentation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of oxide mineral which involves the fermentation of the organic waste, which is then incinerated and used as ash.    USE -   For fertilizer, soil improvement material and as raw material for manufacture of iron.    ADVANTAGE -   The raw material cost for the oxide mineral is restrained, as organic wastes are utilized.
NOVELTY - The fermentation tank (1) is divided in the longitudinal direction such that the stirrer assembly (20) in each division which stirs as well as transfers the organic refuse are controlled for advancing zymosis. The scoop (23) is provided in the lap belt.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The scoop-like stirrer is provided in the lap belt which rotates endlessly along the longitudinal direction of the fermenter. The stirrer is also inclined accordingly. The height of deposition of organic refuse does not change even when stirrer inclines and stirs in a different directions.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fermentation processing apparatus. A detection unit to detect the stages in fermentation of the refuse is provided. A stirrer control unit controlling the operation of the stirrer based on the result of the detector unit is provided.    USE -   For processing organic refuse such as municipal solid waste, livestock manure, agricultural, fishery and forestry waste and Canadian food waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The zymotic process efficiency is improved because of the constant efficient stirring and transferring by the stirrer. The height of deposition of the refuse does not vary while stirring. The inclination of the stirrers is done arbitrarily. The fermentation apparatus can be constructed in a small area as the height of deposition of refuse does not vary.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional side view of the fermentation apparatus. (1) Fermentation tank; (23) Scoop.
NOVELTY - Waste containing organic substances is crushed and humidified. A ferment microbe and earthworm are added to the waste and allowed to breed in the preprocessing stage and fermentation is performed. The processed material is dried after separating the earthworm and the materials e.g. plastic and metal are isolated.    USE -   For reusable plastic and metal containers.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing method is inexpensive and prevents the contamination of environment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram of preprocessor.
NOVELTY - A stirring unit (3) which is an inclined rotatable scoop type, is installed movably along the longitudinal direction in a fermentation tank (1). The raw material to be fermented is accommodated in the tank. The state of inclination of the stirring unit is changed corresponding to the longitudinal movement direction of the stirring unit.    USE -   For fermenter used in aerobic fermentation of organic waste such as livestock dung, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food, industrial waste, sludge and compost.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation is carried out efficiently with the inclination change of stirring unit with respect to the longitudinal movement direction. The overflow of the raw material accommodated in the tank is prevented. The stirring of the raw material is performed smoothly with the rotary stirring unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the stirring procedure in the fermentation tank. (1) Fermentation tank; (3) Stirring unit.
NOVELTY - An enzyme extracted from plants by burning with carbohydrates is mixed and stirred with a microorganism to form a first enzyme. Another microorganism, proteins, and an organic acid are added to the first mixture to form an intermediate enzyme. Finally, a third microorganism and animal proteins are added to the intermediate enzyme to form the fermentation enzyme.    USE -   For decomposition of organic refuse, manufacture of organic fertilizer, animal feed etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The manufacturing process is clean and does not produce putrefactive smell. The enzyme enables wide usage as a refuse decomposing material and for manufacture of fertilizer, feeds.
NOVELTY - The environment containing chlorinated ethylene and substituted benzene compounds is first treated with hydrogen peroxide, followed by addition of FERMP - 16143 strains of JMP 1000 to decompose the pollutants.    USE -   For soil and water purification (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Chlorinated ethylene and substituted benzene can be effectively decomposed.
NOVELTY - A combustion chamber is connected to the hydrogen exhaust pipe of fuel battery (1). The temperature of the combustion chamber is measured by a temperature sensor (52) depending on which inert gas supplied frame a supply unit (4) to the fuel battery is controlled by a control unit (90). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel battery is operated with the help of hydrogen and oxygen supplied to it. At the time of stoppage of the battery operation inert gas is supplied instead of hydrogen. A combustion chamber connected to the battery burns hydrogen exhausted from the battery.    USE -   For operation control of solid state polymer electrolyte type fuel battery system for electric generation.    ADVANTAGE -   The time of substituting inert gas in place of hydrogen is judged accurately. As the inert gas wastage is prevented, the inert gas cylinder is made small which results in weight reduction. As the inert gas is supplied at a temperature below normal temperature, it cools the combustion chamber. So the substitution completion time is easily and quickly carried out. As the hydrogen in the combustion chamber is processed and exhausted, the exhaust gas is more safer to the environment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery system. (1) Fuel battery; (4) Inert gas supply unit; (52) Temperature sensor; (90) Control unit.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (210) produces electric power from a fuel and an oxidant. A propulsion motor (220) receives power from the fuel cell and is connected via a belt to drive an air supply system including a compressor (230) to direct a reactant fluid stream into the fuel cell via an oxidant supply subsystem (236).    USE - Fuel cell powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved operation and control of the fuel cell temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an isometric illustration of a fuel cell engine.    Fuel cell stack (210)    Propulsion motor (220)    Compressor (230)    Oxidant supply subsystem (236)
NOVELTY - The installation consists of several composting containers (2) arranged one above another and provided with means, preferably by one or more shell gripper cranes (9, 19) for filling and emptying the composting containers.    USE - For transforming waste into compost.    ADVANTAGE - The installation occupies less area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the proposed installation.    Composting container (2)    Waste hopper (3)    Shell gripper cranes (4, 9, 19)    Transfer conveyors (5, 7)    Comminution units (6)    Loading pit (8)    Removal shaft (20)    Inert material separation and/or baling plant (21)
NOVELTY - A terrestrial composting process and assembly for waste products, where the waste matter is first placed within an enclosed vessel (1) having an air outlet to a pipe which returns, delivering forced air ventilation to the mass of composting material. During the composting process, circulating air is de-humidified. Prior to the commencement of the composting process, the air within the vessel and pipe is first moistened (12).    USE - Process and assembly to compost waste matter. The process and assembly prevent the premature drying and full decomposition of the 'lighter' waste fractions requiring higher moisture content.    ADVANTAGE - The resulting compost is more easily capable of long- term storage and is easily biodegradable.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a composting assembly.
NOVELTY - Heterogeneous, catalytic, gas-phase oxidation of propane to acrolein and/or acrylic acid comprises passing a mixture of propane, oxygen and optionally an inert gas, at 300-500degreesC, over a two-part fixed-bed catalyst, each part containing different, specific mixed metal oxide phases.    USE - Acrolein and acrylic acid are intermediates for polymers and other 'active compounds' (no more details).    ADVANTAGE - These catalysts provide high conversion with good selectivity for acrolein and acrylic acid, but low selectivity for propylene. In a typical example, conversion was 10%, and selectivities 54, 14 and 3 mole % for acrolein, acrylic acid and propylene, respectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst in the first bed (A) has the formula M1a Mo1-bM2b Ox (I)    M1 = cobalt, nickel, magnesium, manganese and/or copper;    M2 = wolfram, vanadium, tellurium, niobium, phosphorus, chromium, iron, antimony, cerium, tin and/or lanthanum;    a = 0.5-1.5;    b = 0-0.5;    x = a number required to satisfy the valencies of the other components    and the catalyst in the second bed (B) has formula Bia,Mob, X1c, X2d, X3e, X4f, X5g, X6h, Ox, (II)    X1 = wolfram, vanadium and/or tellurium;    X2 = alkaline earth metal, cobalt, nickel, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, tin and/or mercury;    X3 = iron, chromium and/or cerium;    X4 = phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and/or boron;    X5 = alkali metal, thallium and/or tin;    X6 = rare earth metal, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, thorium and/or uranium;    a' = 0.01-8;    b' = 0.1-30;    c', d' and e' = 0-20;    f' = 0-6;    g' = 0-4;    h' = 0-15    The starting mixture of reactants contains at least 5 volume % propane, at least 15 volume % oxygen and 0-35 volume % inert gas and it passes through layer A first, then through B.
NOVELTY - An infrared detection of hydrocarbon gases using single and dual band pass filter.    USE - For infrared detection of hydrocarbon gases to detect leakages form oil rigs, pipelines, storage tanks or refineries.    ADVANTAGE - All the C1-7 alkanes can be monitored and the detection accuracy is increased. Possibility of false alarms are reduced. The effects of harsh weather conditions are minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An infrared gas detector comprises:    (1) an infrared source capable of transmitting infrared beam comprising sample ( the gas is absorbed by radiation) and reference wavelength ( the gas is absorbed by radiation to a substantially lesser extent than at the sample wavelength band);    (2) a first and second radiation intensity sensor capable of sensing the intensity of the infrared radiation in the sample and reference wavelength band respectively, are spaced apart from the transmitter by a beam path;    (3) a first filter located in front of the first sensor transmits single sample wavelength band having a central wavelength of 2300 +/- 20 nm; and a dual band-pass second filter located in front of the second sensor transmits a first and second reference wavelength band having central wavelength of 2215 +/- 20 nm and 2385 +/- 20 nm respectively. The centre of the sample wavelength band is the same as the mid point between the first and second reference wavelength bands.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of detecting hydrocarbon gases that may be present in a space.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the detector.    Flash lamp (10)    Filter (12)    Beam (14)    Beam path (16)    Sample filter (18)    Reference filter (20)    Sensors (22,24)    Calculating circuit (26)    Alarm (28)
NOVELTY - System for converting light hydrocarbons to heavier hydrocarbons having a synthesis gas production unit including a turbine unit with a compression section, an autothermal reformer fluidly coupled to the compression section for producing synthesis gas, and an expansion section of the turbine coupled to the autothermal reformer for developing energy.    USE - Converting light hydrocarbons to heavier hydrocarbons with separation of water to produce oxygen and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The invention eliminates requirement to dispose of any water produced and also may be used to improve efficiency and/or reduce costs of generating synthesis gas by either partial oxidation reactions or autothermal forming reactions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Synthesis gas production unit (30) receives lighter hydrocarbons and generates desired synthesis gas (32). Hydrocarbon synthesis unit (70) is coupled with synthesis gas production unit to receive synthesis gas and to produce heavier hydrocarbons (72). First separator (34) is coupled to hydrocarbon synthesis unit to remove water from heavier hydrocarbons. Oxygen/hydrogen separator (40) is coupled (36) to first separator to receive water and to decompose it into oxygen and hydrogen (42).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a system for converting light hydrocarbons to heavier hydrocarbons.    System (20)    Input conduit (24)    Synthesis gas production unit (30)    First cooler/separator (34)    Pipes (44, 76)    Hydrocarbon synthesis unit (70)    Second cooler/separator (74)
NOVELTY - Rotating hollow tubular structure with a spiral convolution on its outer surface is formed by extruding material through a stationary nozzle into a rotating tube having a spirally corrugated inside surface. The tubular structure is discharged into a second tube rotating at higher speed and having a smooth inner surface of decreasing taper which compresses the convolution and eventually eliminates it while increasing the rotational speed of the structure.    USE - For reducing waste plastic or rubber to carbon and clean usable monomers without having to use conventional refinery processing steps. Derivatives of the method may also be used to add gas and chemicals to waste materials to make them suitable for reuse; to add gas and chemicals to coal to increase its calorific value, to create exotic forms of carbon such as Carbon 60 Buckminstrer Balls; to extract clean gas constituents from combustible material in an entirely enclosed system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The extruded material may contain higher density and lower density fractions and the second rotating tube may have a perforated section downstream of the tapered section where the heavy fraction is discharged through the perforations and separated from the light fraction. Alternatively, the tubular structure may be heated by passing heat-producing medium through it and the extruded material may contain organic combustible material and heat-resistant inorganic material which forms a protective layer on the inner surface of the structure isolating the combustible material but allows sufficient heat to reach the combustible material to reduce it to carbon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the stationary extruder nozzle.
NOVELTY - The composting apparatus (M) consists of stirrer (1) equipped with a stir tank and a stir vane. A heater (2) heats the stir tank and a vacuum pump (3) reduces the internal pressure of stir tank. A liquefier (4) liquefies the vapor (sucked by the vacuum pump) present in the hollow position of the tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for composting of organic waste which involves depressurizing and lowering the boiling point in the stir tank, therefore the activity of microorganisms is maintained to carry out fermentation of organic waste.    USE -   For composting organic waste using microorganism.    ADVANTAGE -   The temperature inside the stir tank does not increase, therefore the deterioration of tank by heat is prevented, and durability of stir tank is improved. The stir vane of the apparatus enables effective and quick heating. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composting apparatus. (1) Stirrer; (2) Heater; (3) Vacuum pump; (4) Liquefier; (M) Composting apparatus. (RA)
NOVELTY - Actuation units and position detector units of the stirrer (4) and ejector (9) are connected to the control unit (15) for automatic ejection and stirring process in the fermenter. The speed of the stirrer is adjusted according to the work load in the fermenters. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The position detectors are fixed in the initial and final positions of ejection and stirring. Multiple parallel fermenters (2,3) are provided with a movable truck in the ejection portion of the fermenter. The stirrers are mounted on the movable truck so that it moves in the fermenter. The movable truck is controlled by the control unit (15) which has a position detector and an actuator.    USE -   For composting chaff and livestock dung.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermenter operation is automatic because of the effective control system. The process duration is also shortened so the work efficiency is increased. There are no major deviations in the set and actual ejection and stirring positions because of the detectors used in the fermenter. Uniformly processed refuse is obtained. The moving trucks do not have any maintenance problems. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the composting apparatus. (2,3) Fermenters; (4) Stirrer; (9) Ejector; (15) Control unit.
NOVELTY - The method involves heating organic refuse in the presence of air, in a fermenter (20). The fermenter is provided with a fan (30), a heater (40) and a stirring unit (paddle) (21). A portion of the air returns back to the fan and heater, and it is circulated into the fermenter again. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the organic refuse processing apparatus. The apparatus consists of a heater (22) which is directly connected to the fermenter. Another heater (40) which is connected to the inlet and the outlet of the fermenter forms an air circulation path. The fan is provided in the circulation path.    USE -   For home, restaurant.    ADVANTAGE -   Fermentation of organic refuse is performed efficiently. Heat energy is used effectively. Composting process which is performed after fermentation, is simplified. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional drawing of the organic refuse processing apparatus. (10) Casing; (11) Surrounding wall; (12) Bottom board; (13) Lid; (20) Fermenter; (21) Paddle; (22,40) Heater; (30) Fan.
NOVELTY - The crushed organic refuse is dehydrated by a dehydrater (5). The dehydrated refuse is then decomposed into water and carbon dioxide using a microorganism agent in decomposition unit (11).    USE -   For an organic refuse processing system used for processing waste obtained from school, hotel.    ADVANTAGE -   Decomposition processing time is greatly shortened, as bio-decomposition is performed only after crushing and dehydration. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of microorganism decomposition unit in refuse processing system. (5) Dehydrater; (11) Decomposition agent. (RA)
NOVELTY - Many flight members which run through an organic waste are fixed to the periphery of an endless chain wrapped and rotated between two sprockets around the main body of an agitator mounted inside a process tank. A guide rail is inseparably fixed to the pelvic surface around the agitator main body to regulate rotation of the chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The agitator carries out stirring fermentation of the organic waste inserted into the process stand.    USE -   For fermentation decomposition process of organic waste e.g. sludge of sewage.    ADVANTAGE -   The flight members attached to the endless chain are prevented from losing touch with the main body of an agitator since the chain is prevented from separation by being anchored with a guide rail. There is no fear of an accident where one gets hurt with the flight members of the endless chain. The failure of the agitator can be prevented. The stirring and fermentation efficiency can be improved since the sift up of organic waste to the flight member is regulated by the guide rails. The generation of useless vibration can be prevented and the operation accuracy can be improved. The life span of the agitator can be extended. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a perspective diagram showing the agitator of a waste decomposition processing equipment. Parts list: (5) Agitator; (5a) Main body; (5b) Pelvic surface; (6,7) Sprockets; (8) Endless chain; (8a) Guide rail; (10) Flight members.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse ground in a disposer (1) is sent to a flow rate equalizing tank (4). The deposited solid components along with the liquid extract is supplied to a separator (2), and the separated solid is passed to a composter (3). The liquids from the separator and equalizing tank are supplied to a treatment tank (5) for biological treatment. The separation of the solid and liquid components is performed repeatedly.    USE -   For waste emanating from households and restaurants.    ADVANTAGE -   Solid-liquid separation is effectively performed. The mixture can be automatically circulated between the equalizing tank and separator. The apparatus combines simplicity of structure and effectiveness. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic explanatory drawing of the processing apparatus. (1) Disposer; (2) Separator; (3) Composter; (4) Equalizing tank; (5) Treatment tank; (6,8) Air lift pipes.
NOVELTY - The decomposed organic waste is heated to 700- 1000 C. The crushed organic waste is mixed and stirred with medium barrel charcoal which forms a suitable inhabiting environment for the culture of lactobacillus.    USE -   For inhabiting lactobacillus used during environmental protection.    ADVANTAGE -   By processing the organic wastes, efficiently protection of the environment is attained.
NOVELTY - The culture medium contains porous stone powder, rare earth powder, bromelain, a mineral and microorganisms belonging to genus Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) the manufacture of culture medium comprising mixing porous stone powder and rare earth powder and spraying a mother liquid containing a mineral onto the mixture, the mixture is heat stirred and introduced into a sealed container and cured to obtain a culture medium; (2) the microorganism raw material comprising microbes belonging to an aerobic bacterium group, a facultative anaerobic bacterium group, an anaerobic bacterium group, an Actinomyces group or a filamentous fungi group; (3) the manufacture of microorganism raw material comprising mixing a specific microbe with microorganism actuator, culture medium and spraying a mineral mother liquid onto the mixture, the mixture is stirred and cured.    USE -   For obtaining raw material used in treatment of waste water, domestic organic refuse, waste internal organs of fish or animal, livestock, dung, wreckage of a marine product, sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   Instant culture medium is made available. Granulation of waste is performed quickly. The pathogenicity of microbe is suppressed. A superior manure which is directly applied on paddy field is obtained. Efficient recycling of waste is enabled.
Process for obtaining a combustible product involves placing the residues into a tolua, extruding and drying. They are then placed on combustible brickets.    USE -   For obtaining a combustible product from mixtures of: (a) residues of plastic and cardboard obtained in urban recycling plants, residues which can be pressed and transformed into balls in the appropriate plants by buturation and storage in silos; (b) residues from purification plants of urban and industrial waste which purify water; and (c) mineral oils. For use as complements of carbon or coke in cement plants, burned with carbon or coke to give the heat necessary to obtain klinker, from cement.
NOVELTY - The element has an outer coating hydrogenated carbon thin film to prevent fusion of toner to the element surface.    USE - Used for an electrophotographic apparatus and processing.    ADVANTAGE - The toner does not fuse to the carbon film and surface polishing of the member is not needed    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrophotographic photosensitive member has an outermost layer of noncrystalline carbon film containing hydrogen. The carbon film has a dynamic hardness 300 - 1300 kgf / m2 measured using a diamond stylus of a triangular pyramid with a tip radius at most 0.1 mu, angle of 115 degrees. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a member as above, in which the carbon film has a critical load at rupture of the film of 50 - 700 mN when exerting a load on a diamond stylus with a tip radius at most 15 mu moving at an amplitude of 20 - 100 mu, an oscillation frequency of 30 Hz, and a feed rate of 2 - 20 mu / sec.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a typical photosensitive member.    C:H film (101)    silicon matrix photoconductive layer (102)    substrate (103)
A new organic matrix is prepared with plant and animal waste from trash and refuse and through anaerobic and aerobic treatment of effective mycelium as microbiological preparation, proper compounding and mixing with hydroscopic resin. The matrix is suitable for the growth of various plants. It has the merits of light weight and thus light load to building, high water maintaining property, high fertilizer effect and low cost. It is especially suitable for use in roof garden which makes it possible to utilize refuse for beautifying city and improving ecological environment of city.
NOVELTY - New protease variants for use in cleaning compositions and animal feed having amino acid substitutions at position 103 and one or more other positions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin, are new.    USE - The protease variants can be used in cleaning compositions or animal feed or for treating textiles (claimed). They can also be used in e.g. contact lens cleaning solutions, peptide hydrolysis, waste treatment or as fusion-cleavage enzymes in protein production.    ADVANTAGE - The variant proteins can have improved wash performance as compared to a precursor protease in at least one detergent formulation and/or under at least one set of wash conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A novel protease variant (A) comprises a substitutiion of an amino acid at a residue position corresponding to position 103 of Bacillus amyloliqufaciens subtilisin (BAS) and a substitution of one or more amino acids at residue positions selected from positions 1, 3, 4, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16-22, 24, 27, 33, 37, 38, 42, 43, 48, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 68, 72, 75-79, 86, 87, 89, 97-99, 101, 102, 104, 106, 107, 109, 111, 114, 116, 117, 119, 121, 123, 126, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 137, 140-142, 146, 147, 158-160, 166, 167, 170, 173, 174, 177, 181-185, 188, 192, 194, 198, 203-206, 209, 210-218, 222, 224, 227, 228, 230, 232, 236-238, 240, 242-249, 251-263, 265, 268-272, 274 and 275 of BAS; where when a substitution at a position corresponding to residue position 103 is combined with a substitution at a position corresponding to residue position 76, there is also a substitution at one or more residue positions other than residue positions corresponding to positions 27, 99, 101, 104, 107, 109, 123, 128, 166, 204, 206, 210, 216, 217, 218, 222, 260, 265 or 274 of BAS. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a DNA encoding (A);    (2) an expression vector encoding (1); and    (3) a host cell transformed with (2).
NOVELTY - A method of making a carbonaceous material for a lithium ion cell electrode (12) comprises contacting pyrolysed organic material with hydrocarbon gas sufficiently to give an increased reversible cell capacity and low irreversible capacity.    USE - As carbonaceous electrode materials for lithium ion electrodes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method simply and effectively produces carbonaceous materials that are free of species which react irreversibly with lithium and give minimum irreversible capacitance and maximum reversible capacitance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of making a carbonaceous material for an electrode (12) composition comprises contacting pyrolysed organic material with hydrocarbon gas so that, when used in a lithium ion cell, the cell has a reversible capacity of at least 400 mAh/h and an irreversible capacity of not above 140 mAh/g up to the point of plating metallic lithium onto the surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An exploded view of the test cell is shown.    Carbonaceous electrode (12)
NOVELTY - A structure has a chamber for holding gas hydrates and a heater exposes the gas hydrates to heat from gas or liquid to dissociate gas hydrates into gas and water components. At least a portion of steam-containing gas or liquid is moved through the heater. The heater includes one opening for ejecting gas or liquid from heater and is located within the structure for defining a chamber.    USE - Storing and re-gasifying gas hydrates.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows for safe, convenient, control, and inexpensive storing and regasifying of gas hydrates and the removal of gas and water products from the storage reservoir.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for liberating gas from gas hydrates includes passing a gas or liquid through a coil or channel that extends adjacent to, or into, gas hydrates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a simplified schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the apparatus.    Apparatus (10)    Bulk gas hydrates (12)    Storage chamber (14)    Coil (16)    Substrate (18)    Steam source (20)    Gas component (26)    Water component (30)    Mechanism (32)
NOVELTY - Alkyl aromatic compounds are produced by contacting an aromatic compound with a 1-14C paraffin in the presence of an alkylation catalyst. The catalyst is a synthetic porous crystalline material having a specific X-ray diffraction pattern.    USE - The alkylation process is used (1) to reduce benzene levels in the gasoline inventory, (2) to improve light cycle oil quality by providing a product with improved cetane number or increased b.pt. and (3) to produce olefins in a two-stage process involving the alkylation followed by side-chain cracking.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Alkyl aromatic compounds are produced by contacting a mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon with a 1-14C paraffin in the presence of an alkylation catalyst so as to introduce at least one alkyl group into the aromatic compound. The catalyst is a synthetic porous crystalline material characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern including interplanar d-spacing values (Angstrom) as follows: 12.36 +/-0.4 (M-VS), 11.03 +/-0.2 (M-S), 8.83 +/-0.14 (M-VS), 6.18 +/-0.12 (M-VS), 6.00 +/-0.10 (W-M), 4.06 +/-0.07 (M-S), 3.91 +/-0.07 (M-VS) and 3.42 +/-0.06 (VS). The relative intensities (I/Io x 100) are given in terms of the symbols W = weak (0-20), M = medium (20-40), S = strong (40-60) and VS = very strong (60-100).
NOVELTY - The unit comprises a horizontal rotary drum (10) mounted on trailer (20) with base frame (22), wheels (21), a hitch (23) and a box frame (24). The drum has a pair of circular end walls (30) attached to slats (31). The drum is mounted on an axle (32). The wheel axle is mechanically linked to the drum axle by a link chain (40).    USE - For composting organic material, such as poultry carcasses, whilst combining the function of a mobile composter with a spreader for land application of the composted material.    ADVANTAGE - The number of handling steps are reduced. The costs are reduced whilst producing environmentally benign and useful soil amendment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The unit is transported to the vicinity of the poultry house and the drum is loaded with the poultry carcasses. Fertilizer is then added to the drum. The drum is rotated until the composting action is completed. The unit is then transported over the field whilst one or more openings of the drum are opened.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side elevation of the composter and spreader    Rotary drum (10)    Trailer (20)    Wheels (21)    Frame (22)    Hitch (23)    Frame (24)    End walls (30)    Slats (31)    Axle (32)    Link chain (40)
NOVELTY - The battery generates electricity from hydrogen gas and air where direct current is converted into an alternating current by a power converter. The fuel such as town gas and liquefied petroleum gas (10) are supplied selectively at a pressure ratio of 1.6 or 2.5.    USE -   For electrical power generating device.    ADVANTAGE -   The installation cost of device is lowered since the device is simple structured. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the electrical power generating device. (10) Liquid petroleum gas.
NOVELTY - A heat pump with an evaporator is provided for moisture removal from header space gas. The heat produced by the condenser of the heat pump is utilized in the fermentation tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The flow direction of the header space and the flow of the coolant in the evaporator are counter currents. Similarly the flow of coolant in the condenser and the movement of the processed waste are made as counter currents. An aerator is provided to supply air near the outlet of the processed waste.    USE -   For composting organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat supply to the fermenter increases the process duration. Power consumption is reduced because a heat pump is provided. Air is supplied alternately so aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms compost the waste in short period. Quick heat transfers is obtained because of counter current flow. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the compost apparatus with a heat pump. Parts list: (200) Fermentation tank; (230) Aerator; (500) Evaporator; (510) Condenser.
NOVELTY - The composting or fermenting unit is installed in a motor vehicle or truck for onsite collection and composting. A crusher (3) is provided for crushing the organic waste finely. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The unit has a movable stirring unit (2) equipped with rails (11) for moving from one end to the other. The stirring unit comprises a raked stirrer and a supplement stirrer to ensure complete mixing of the compost. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the composting method which involves mixing spawn with the debris for composting.    USE -   For onsite-composting of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The collecting time and composting duration are combined, thereby increasing efficiency of the whole process and providing a pollution-free environment in residential areas. In addition the levels of dioxins can be reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the mobile composting apparatus. (2) Movable stirring unit; (3) Crusher; (11) Rails.
NOVELTY - The active decomposition of the polluted soil is performed for a predetermined period by increasing the microorganisms present in the polluted soil. Simple hydrocarbons present in the soil is decomposed by adding lignin ferment which is obtained by proliferation process of white decay bacterium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ratio of amount of carbon to that of the amount of nitrogen present in the processed soil is adjusted to predefined value by the lignin ferment addition.    USE -   Polluted soil decomposition method.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to decompose polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon present in processed soil accidentally by adding lignin ferment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart indicating steps in decomposing polluted soil.
NOVELTY - The active decomposition of the polluted soil is performed for a predetermined period by increasing the microorganisms present in the polluted soil. Simple hydrocarbons present in the processed soil is decomposed by adding selected bacillus.    USE -   Polluted soil decomposition method.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to decompose polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon present in processed soil accidentally by adding selected bacillus. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart indicating steps in decomposing polluted soil.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse and microorganisms are stored in a container which comprising an agitator rotated by a churning shaft. The agitator has several stirring blades with rods fixed perpendicularly and separated by distance of 20 mm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Adhesive substances adhered to the bottom of the chamber is removed when the rods move to the bottom.    USE -   For processing domestic waste especially removal of adhesive substances.    ADVANTAGE -   Smooth stirring is performed and enables efficient removal of adhesive substances. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the apparatus for organic refuse processing. Parts list: (1) Container; (6) Agitator; (6a) Stirring blades; (6b) Rods; (17) Churning shaft; (30) Adhesive substances.
NOVELTY - Decompressed gas containing bad smelling components from the fermentation of organic refuse, is pumped from a fermentation tank (1) by a vacuum pump (5) to a chiller (6). The smelling components are dissolved in the condensed water in the chiller and is discharged as drain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A check valve (7) enables the passage of condensed water dissolved with smelling components through a drainage pipe (13). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing apparatus.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Quick drying of refuse is enabled and bad smell in atmosphere during process is prevented. Simultaneous dehumidification is enabled. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the organic refuse processing apparatus. (1) Fermentation tank; (5) Vacuum pump; (6) Chiller; (7) Check valve; (13) Drainage pipe. (RA)
NOVELTY - On starting fuel battery main body (1) hydrogen drift controlling valve (4) is opened with the subsequent opening of ejection valve (5) which discharges air based on signal from a control unit (9). The control unit (9) controls scavenging unit (6). An ejection valve (5) is closed by signal from ejection valve control unit when output voltage of battery exceeds a fixed level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Main body has hydrogen controlling valve controlling the drift of hydrogen. The scavenging unit provided for supplying oxygen. The ejection valve is provided with anode pole. The control unit control a switch which monitors output voltage of fuel battery and controls ejection valve and external output.    USE -   For power supply system using solid fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables restarting smoothly for long time even after stoppage of prolonged electricity generation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents schematic block diagram illustrating starting method of power supply system using solid polymer fuel battery. (1) Fuel battery main body; (4) Hydrogen drift controlling valve; (5) Ejection valve; (6) Scavenging unit; (9) Control unit.
NOVELTY - A modifier (1) forms hydrogen rich reforming gas from an original fuel. The reforming gas from the modifier is stored in a modified gas storage apparatus. A fuel battery (3) uses the hydrogen of the modified gas, as fuel generates electricity. Water is heated by the waste heat recovered from the modifier by providing a heat exchanger (4).    USE -   For supplying hot liquid by recovering waste heat from modifier in cogeneration plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables storing modified gas generated by modifier in storage apparatus, safely if there is no need for generation of power immediately. Eliminates generating of power by fuel battery, unnecessarily. Performs efficient supply of hot liquid. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of cogeneration system. (1) Modifier; (3) Fuel battery; (4) Heat exchanger.
NOVELTY - Modifier (1) forms hydrogen rich reforming gas from original fuel. The waste heat of modifier or fuel battery, is recovered by a heat exchanger (4) and stored in thermal storage tank (3). The water supplied by a water supply unit is heated by making it pass through thermal storage tank. A heater (6) is provided to boil further, the heated water from the thermal storage tank.    USE -   For supply of hot liquid using waste heat of either modifier or fuel battery in cogeneration plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Performs efficient supply of hot liquid, using waste heat of modifier or fuel battery, to predetermined temperature. Enables reduction of size of installation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of cogeneration system. (1) Modifier; (3) Thermal storage tank; (4) Heat exchanger; (6) Heater.
NOVELTY - The electrodic plates placed opposite to cathode and anode (12, 13) forms anodic and cathodic channels. The terminal end of channel walls of anodic channel is provided with hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas (HPy, HPs).    USE -   The solid polymer type fuel battery for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Stable electricity is generated. The water storing area helps in battery cooling of solid polymer occlusion on inlet and outlet channels are avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the 3D view of the solid polymer fuel battery. (12, 13) Cathode and anode; (HPy, HPs) Hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas.
NOVELTY - A fuel battery (3) generates electric power using modified gas supplied by a fuel reformer (2). A gas derivation line (5) and gas supply line (6) are detachably coupled. A transmission line (8) of load and power derivation line (7) connected to the fuel battery are detachably coupled by power line connector (37). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reformer (2) generates hydrogen based modified gas from original fuel. A fuel battery (3) produces electrical power using the modified gas. A connector (4) detachably connects a gas derivation line (5) and gas supply line (6) coupled to original fuel source (1) and fuel reformer respectively. A power line connector (37) detachably connects transmission line (8) of load and electric power derivation line (7) connected to the fuel battery.    USE -   For fixed and general installations e.g. residence.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be moved to required place in case of an emergency. An independent power generation system driven by different fuel sources can be easily constituted. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic arrangement of fuel battery electrical power generation system. (1) Fuel source; (2) Fuel reformer; (3) Fuel battery; (4) Gas line connector; (5) Gas derivation line; (6) Gas supply line; (7) Power derivation line; (8) Transmission line; (37) Power line connector.
NOVELTY - The detecting portion (31) of a sensor (3) is immersed in sewage to the required depth. A float (32) is attached to the sensor. The upper portion of the sensor is flexibly attached to a fixed support (33) which vibrates the detecting unit of the sensor.    USE -   For removing impurities such as thread-like objects, hair, biological slime etc adhering to the detection unit of a sensor used in the treatment of sewage.    ADVANTAGE -   Impurities such as hair etc are automatically removed from the detecting portion. Exact measurements may be gathered over long periods of time, with very little maintenance. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of the apparatus which prevents adhesion of impurities. (3) Sensor; (31) Detecting portion; (32) Float; (33) Fixed support.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for composting only solid products or an effluent on a solid substrate comprising a channel silo or platform compost fermentation zone, allowing composting either by a dynamic process or by a batch process, is new.    USE - The apparatus is used for composting solid substrates such as manure, straw, green waste, wood, sawdust or thick sludge and liquid effluents such as liquid sludge, industrial effluents and wine effluents.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows both continuous and batch composting of solid waste, optionally together with liquid waste, in a controlled manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic side view of an apparatus according to the invention.    Carriage (20)    Wheels (21)    Conveyor (30)    Loosening rotor (40)    Sprinkler (53)
Pseudomonas putida JLR11, bacteria is capable of utilising 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as a source of carbon or nitrogen.    USE -   For biological elimination of TNT form contaminated residual water, industrial effluents and soils.
NOVELTY - The reactor tank comprises bacterial biomass and a partition for containing the aeration zone, a vortex recirculation zone and a settlement zone. The treatment also comprises means for periodically injecting air, to suspend the biomass and favor its growth.    USE - A waste water treatment plant, suitable for single habitation or small communal installations.    ADVANTAGE - The plant requires little maintenance in comparison with prior art, improving its suitability for very small works. Conversion is 80 - 90 %, with total phosphate elimination. Activated sludge production is reduced by more than 90 % by bacterial activity. With a bacterial concentration of 8 g/l and aeration of 9 hours 45 minutes/day, the performance reaches 84 %, including phosphorus elimination.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The main aerobic tank and air injection system are depicted. Further diagrams in the disclosure show arrangements including the additional tanks cited above.    reactor tank (11)    aeration zone (12)    partition (13)    vortex recirculation zone (14)    aeration equipment (15, 17)    settlement zone (16)    air pump (17)    vortex-inducing duct (19)    programmed computer (21)    separate dosing injector (23)
NOVELTY - A gas, e.g. methane, sensor has a flame barrier which allows passage of the test gas from the measuring chamber and its gas-impermeable housing.    USE - As gas sensor with explosion-protection flame barrier.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor has a shorter reaction time than prior art and is more sensitive than prior art esp. sintered metal flame barriers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The flame barrier (2) consists of several pref. 5 rigid layers of gauze whose total thickness is between 1-10 mm, preferably 1-5 mm. The gauze gas porosity is at least 20% by volume with respect to the volume of the flame barrier (2). No more than 1% of all gauze pores are larger than 240. The gauze is made from ceramics, glass, plastic or metal e.g. steel, a chrome-nickel alloy, monel, copper, and aluminum alloy, titanium or a noble metal, or a combination of these. The flame barrier (2) is welded to the gas sensor housing. The gauze are joined by sintering, pressing, or are a laminate pack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cylindrical gas sensor enclosed within a gas impermeable steel housing (3).    flame barrier (2)    steel housing (3)
NOVELTY - High and with a large basal area, this composter has a large capacity (3000-6000 L), and carries out a tower composting process. It has no bottom and may or may not be covered. Cross sectional shape and materials of construction are optional. The compost is turned over by separating the compost or it may be raised using suitable attachments, to gain access to the contents.    USE - To process large quantities of compost.    ADVANTAGE - The composter is distinguished by its size, which achieves a higher temperature for longer than smaller ones. Heat rises up through it.
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell material, comprising a strontium, magnesium and cobalt and/or iron doped lanthanum gallate is new.    USE - The material is used as the electrolyte (when y = 5 to 12 mol%) or as the cathode (when y = 15 to 35 mol%) (claimed) especially in SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells) and in electrolysis cells operated at below 800 degreesC.    ADVANTAGE - The material has high oxygen ion conductivity at lower temperatures than conventional solid electrolyte materials, has high thermal and chemical stability and has a single phase structure in the useful temperature range of 300-900 degreesC in both air and fuel gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high temperature fuel cell material comprises a strontium, magnesium and cobalt and/or iron doped lanthanum gallate of formula (I):    M = Co and/or Fe;    z = 0.1;    a-z = 0.85 to 0.9;    y = 5 to 12 mol% or 15 to 35 mol%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the temperature dependency of the electrical conductivity of doped lanthanum gallates in air compared with other solid electrolytes.
NOVELTY - Collected refuse is discharged into a collecting basin (7) containing fluid, and the heavy fractions sink. The heaviest fraction is dredged and removed as sludge. The lightest fractions are skimmed from the surface and removed for treatment. A portion of the residual fraction containing concentrated biological residue is drawn from the basin and sieved. The partly dried residue is crushed and fermented and/or composted.    USE - To separate biological refuse from non-biological refuse especially sand and dispose of both.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the damage caused by sand to pumps and pipes associated with subsequent treatment processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the treatment of biological residue collected as refuse, the biological refuse is received together with impurities such as heavy metals, sand, stones, metal, glass, gravel, and lighter fractions such as pieces of foil, paper and plastic. The collected refuse is first discharged into a collecting basin (7) also containing fluid and in which the heavy fractions sink to the bottom while lighter fractions float. The collected refuse is thus subdivided into three fractions. The heaviest fraction is dredged and removed as sludge. The lightest fractions are skimmed from the surface and removed for treatment. A portion of the residual fraction containing the concentrated biological residue is drawn from the basin and sieved. The partly dried residue is then crushed and subjected to fermentation and/or composting.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the treatment plant.    Collecting basin (7)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generating system which, when fitted to an internal combustion, engine simultaneously increases its efficiency and decreases its emissions, consisting of electrolysis cell, etc.,    USE - The apparatus is used in conjunction with an internal combustion engine to improve engine performance and lower emissions.    ADVANTAGE - The addition of hydrogen and oxygen to the air/fuel mixture for the operation of the engine results in an increase in performance and a reduction of emissions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen generating system for use with an internal combustion engine comprises:    (i) a cell for the generation of hydrogen and oxygen via the electrolysis of an aqueous solution;    (ii) a power source for the electrolysis cell;    (iii) an outlet for the generated hydrogen and oxygen into the intake manifold system of an internal combustion engine and includes a vacuum pump;    (iv) a device for monitoring the temperature and fluid level of the aqueous solution inside the electrolysis cell;    (v) a system controller, which works in tandem with the monitoring device.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the system controller, comprising:    (i) an interface with the monitoring device    (ii) components which control the electrical power provided to the electrolysis cell and the flow of output gases into the internal combustion engine;    (iii) a logic circuit connected to the control means which relays instructions to the system controller in response to data received from the monitoring device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a perspective view of the hydrogen generating apparatus.    electrolysis cell (10)    moisture trap (12)    check valves (16,22)    bubbler (18)    filter (26)    control valve (30)    vacuum pump (32)    hydrogen/ oxygen outlet (36)    control apparatus (40)    master switch (42)    shutoff switch (46)    LED displays (48,50)    vacuum safety switch (52)    solenoid (54)
NOVELTY - A process for upgrading heavy crude oil containing emulsions before refining comprises adding a viscosity reducing amount of light hydrocarbon diluent, flashing the heated mixture to a lower pressure to break emulsions and removing the crude oil from the separated parts of the emulsions.    USE - For improving the extraction of useable crude oil from heavy crude oil production, e.g. at a well-head or at a refinery.    ADVANTAGE - The process increases the yield of refinable product and allows for environmentally benign disposal of less useful materials. It also breaks intractable emulsions to allow more refinable product to be extracted. When performed at the well-head, the process allows asphaltenes to be removed from crude production, creating a better quality crude for sale to the refinery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for upgrading heavy, high viscosity, produced crude oil, which includes contaminated emulsions, comprises:    (a) removing gross solids;    (b) adding sufficient light hydrocarbon diluent of boiling point 10-180degreesF to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil mixture to less than 50 cp;    (c) heating the diluted mixture to conditions suitable for flashing the mixture to break the emulsions into component parts;    (d) flashing the heated mixture to a selected lower pressure such that the emulsions are broken and 5% of the mixture is vaporized; and    (e) removing crude oil from the separated parts of the emulsions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram of the process.    Heavy crude oil storage (A)    Screener (10)    Diluent storage tank (D)    Other additive injection points (22)    In-line mixer (24)    Heat-exchanger (26)    Trim heater (228)    Flash drum (32)    First hydroclone desander (58)    Second hydroclone (64)    Third hydroclone (74)    Heat exchanger (80)    Diluent stripper column (82)    Product outlet (92)
NOVELTY - The production of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen is carried out in a single turbulent reaction zone with the gases being bubbled upwardly to expand the bed to a volume greater than its static volume, improve gas distribution and prevent undesirable back-mixing.    USE - For synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Provides sufficient temperature control to avoid methanation, catalyst deactivation through carbon deposition and catalyst fragmentation. The reactant gases are distributed to reduce channeling or back-mixing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reaction between hydrogen and carbon monoxide is carried out in a single turbulent reaction zone within an ebullated bed reactor vessel adapted for the reaction of gases in the presence of inert liquid medium and solid particulate catalyst. The gases are introduced at several locations within the reaction zone so that gas bubbles flow upward through the reaction zone of solid catalyst particles and inert liquid medium at velocity sufficient to expand the bed to volume greater than its static volume.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic diagram of an ebullated bed reactor for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons.
NOVELTY - A catalyst composition for converting a saturated hydrocarbon to an olefin comprises a zeolite having a promoter comprising at least one group VIII metal or metal oxide and at least one group IVA metal or metal oxide. The atomic ratio of group IVA metal to Group VIII metal or metal of group IVA metal oxide to metal of group VIII metal oxide is less than 1    USE - The catalyst composition is used to convert a saturated hydrocarbon to an olefin.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst composition has high hydrocarbon conversion activity, gives good yield of olefins, and good selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT claim is also included for a process for producing catalyst composition comprising:    (1) contacting an L-zeolite with a solution consisting of a group IVA compound to produce a modified L-zeolite;    (2) heat-treating modified L-zeolite with steam under a condition sufficient to convert group IVA compound to its corresponding oxide to form a heat-treated L-zeolite; and    (3) contacting heat-treated L-zeolite with a solution consisting of a group VIII compound under a condition sufficient to incorporate group VIII compound into heat-treated L-zeolite to form a promoted L-zeolite; and    (4) heat-treating promoted L-zeolite.
NOVELTY - Halogenated and non-halogenated compounds in a gas stream are oxidized by contact with platinum and/or palladium on an alumina, ceria, titania, silica, manganese and/or zirconia support.    USE - For the treatment of gaseous emissions containing volatile organic compounds, e.g. emissions from the production of terephthalic acid containing carbon monoxide, methane, methyl bromide and hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene.    ADVANTAGE - Halogenation of the non-halogenated compounds with the oxidation products of the halogenated compounds is suppressed at operating temperatures of 400-550 degreesC. The catalysts perform well even in humid environments, e.g. environments containing greater than 10 mass% steam.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for oxidizing halogenated and non-halogenated organic compounds in a gas stream comprises contacting the gas stream with:    (a) a catalyst (C1) comprising platinum and/or palladium on a support of alumina, ceria, titania, silica, manganese and/or zirconia; followed by    (b) a catalyst (C2) comprising platinum and/or palladium on a support of alumina of surface area 80-300 m2/g, where the alumina is stabilized with an alkaline earth metal oxide and rare earth metal oxide and contains less than 1 wt.% ceria (as CeO2).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) step (a); and    (ii) step (b) in which the support is alumina of surface area 80-300 m2/g mixed with bulk cerium oxide.
Petroleum decomposer is prepared by coating a base with a composition of a coating material for accelerating the decomposition of petroleum, which includes (a) a resin vehicle, and (b) a vegetative component for micro-organism.    USE -   Used for decontaminating an area contaminated by petroleum or the like.    ADVANTAGE -   Crude oil in the marine environment can be easily removed at low cost.
NOVELTY - The reformer has catalyst part (34) equipped with catalyst for water vapor modification reaction and oxidation of fuel gas. The catalyst part is connected to hot fuel gas inlet (64) and reformed gas outlet (65), provided with gas flow regulator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer has catalyst part equipped with catalyst which promotes modification and oxidation of water vapor and hydrocarbon supplied to result in generation of heat and hydrogen gas. Hot fuel gas containing water vapor and hydrocarbon is supplied via hot gas inlet and the hydrogen rich fuel gas generated is removed via enriched gas outlet. The hot gas inlet is provided with flow regulator to control rate of flow. The heat generated by catalyst during oxidation of fuel is used for preheating fuel gas which is removed along the outlet region.    USE -   For supplying reformed fuel gas (hydrogen enriched fuel gas) to fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reforms hydrocarbon fuel and formation of carbon monoxide (CO) is suppressed. A high energy efficiency is achieved. The internal temperature of fuel battery apparatus is equalised to a predetermined temperature range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of catalyst part of fuel reformer. (34) Catalyst part; (64) Hot gas inlet; (65) Enriched gas outlet; (80,81) Reaction part.
NOVELTY - The medium polluted with aromatic and/or aliphatic compounds is made to contact with JM1 strain (FERMBP- 5352) which is cultured using ethanol as carbon source.    USE -   For purification of polluted environment e.g. soil, water and air (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Biodegradation of organic compounds is performed stably and efficiently in various polluted environments.
NOVELTY - 0.2 wt% Humus pellet is repeatedly mixed for 4 times or less with a process liquid for more than 10 minutes each time until pH value of processing liquid becomes 4. Air is supplied to remove iron complex. An extract of humic acid formed is supplied to 500 parts of organic waste water for purification and deodorization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for describing organic waste water processing system.    USE -   For processing organic waste water from tank of town and domestic sewage for extracting organic substance for plants.    ADVANTAGE -   Chemicals harmful to plants present in the water can be removed and useful microorganisms can be incorporated thus safe water can be returned to the soil at a short time.
NOVELTY - A rotating shaft (21) supports a pair of rotation arms (24B) which are perpendicular to each other. The rotation arms support a wing (25) twisted in the form of a whorl which forms the anticutting blade on one side while it supports a cutting blade (27) which is at an acute angle on its other side. The wing and the blade act as stirrer and cutter alternately. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Feedpipe is attached to the bottom of the processing tank (11) to supply oxygen. The feed pipe is tapered at its end so to supply a draft of oxygen with pressure so that processed material does not clog the feed pipe.    USE -   For garbage processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Size reduction of stir wings is attained. A high mining ratio between microorganism and organic refuse is attained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the stir wings and blade of refuse processing apparatus. (11) Processing tank; (21) Rotating shaft; (24B) Rotation arms; (25) Wing; (27) Cutting blade. (RA)
NOVELTY - Air required for activation of microorganisms is sent through a jet nozzle (5) of a vent pipe (6) situated at the lower backside of stir vane (4) fixed to a rotating shaft. The stirred mixture is pushed down and undergoes uniform leveling by the leveling vanes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A rotating shaft (2) with a central vent hole (1), is attached with leveling and stirring vanes. When the organic waste is supplied, the shaft is made to rotate and air for the activation of microorganism is sent inside through the vent hole which is connected to the vent pipe. The stirring vanes along with supplied air rakes up the already processed refuse, and mixes with the supplied refuse. Visual observation of fermentation process of organic refuse is done through an inspection hole, which enables control of the quantity of airflow from the jet nozzle of vent pipe. The apparatus is provided with a prevention device at the time of an irregular refuse injection, to prevent decaying of supplied refuse.    USE -   For fermentation of organic refuse using microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE -   The stirring vanes mix the mixture well with air and prevents blocking of refuse in the nozzle. The apparatus is turned off automatically at the time of an irregular refuse injection, to prevent decaying of the supplied refuse and conserves energy. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the apparatus mounted with traveling and stirring vanes. (1) Vent hole; (2) Rotating shaft; (4) Stir vane; (5) Jet nozzle; (6) Vent pipe. (RA)
NOVELTY - The exhaust port has an elbow coupling which directs the release of exhaust gas in an upper horizontal direction. The length of the joint of exhaust port is greater than the space between the bottom portion of the exhaust port and the installation surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus comprises a detector with a water sensor to check condensed water drops in the exhaust elbow joint, with an alarm to alert if the water is filled up in the elbow joint. The detector checks the presence of condensed water based on deviation in the load of the fan which propels the exhaust air outside through the exhaust port.    USE -   For organic refuse processing apparatus which processes rubbish.    ADVANTAGE -   The exhaust gas does not directly hit the installation surface. The condensed water drops in the elbow joint are removed effectively using sensors. The installation surface does not get wet. Even if the exhaust port falls down on the installation surface it is loosely attached to the joint because length of joint is long enough. The structure and handling of the operation is simple. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a transverse plan sectional drawing of the organic refuse processing apparatus. Parts list: (A) Length of joint; (B) Space between bottom portion of the exhaust port and installation surface; (8) Exhaust elbow coupling.
NOVELTY - Cells with cell wall contained in organic waste are crushed. The liquid containing cell debris is fermented.    USE -   For processing organic waste e.g. sludge, sake lees, vegetable or plants waste to be utilized as compost, feed, soil conditioner etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The rate of fermentation or organic waste is raised remarkably. Processing of organic waste is performed efficiently. (RA)
NOVELTY - The mobile fermentation unit (A) has a rotating drum (1) with a heating tube (2) spirally attached. A hopper (B) with a filter (3b) is provided at the top of the tank. A lift mechanism to lift the bucket containing food waste to the hopper (3) and inverting the bucket to drop the waste into the hopper is equipped in the vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The spiral heater tube is connected to a heat exchanger (2f) to supply heat to the refuse and ferment it. The lower part of the hopper is connected to one end of the rotating drum, which has an impeller (4c) in the middle. The lift mechanism has a chain rotated vertically with a bucket mount board, lift frame and a holding mechanism.    USE -   For onsite collection and fermentation of food waste.    ADVANTAGE -   No manual power is needed in this operation. Exhaust gas is let out while the vehicle is moving, so no foul smell problems occur. As heating is done indirectly there are no damaging chain reactions in the fermentation unit and food waste is effectively utilizable. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of the mobile fermentation unit. (1) Rotating drum; (2) Heating tube; (2f) Heat exchanger; (3) Hopper; (3b) Filter; (4c) Impeller; (A) Fermentation unit; (B) Hopper. (RA)
NOVELTY - The organic refuse processing unit has two spill ways for processed waste and carrier outlet of which the tapered section of the second spillway is telescopically arranged into the first spillway. The spillway is connected to an aperture of the processing tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The aperture is closed by a shutter when the processing/fermentation of the refuse occurs and opens when the microorganism carrier needs to be ejected. Spillways are made of an insulating material. The spillways arranged inside the case of the treatment tank corresponding to a opening which has a shutter. When the shutter is opened the spillway projects out of the opening to eject out the processed refuse along with the carrier.    USE -   For processing organic waste e.g. rubbish.    ADVANTAGE -   The spillway is projected out of the case to carry out the processed substance collected without carrier spillage, and prevents the deterioration of apparatus periphery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the processing apparatus. Parts list: (7) Aperture; (37) Shutter; (38,40) Spillways.
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of a baffle plate (35) which adjusts the opening of exhaust port to regulate the flow of exhaust gases. The downstream side of the filter in the exhaust port is provided with the baffle plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carrier and organic substances are fed into a tank which has a stirrer (15). The materials are discharged inside through an opening of the tank and is closed with an openable cover (41). A sheet-shaped heater (5) placed in the inner circumference of tank heats the contents. Gases are exhausted through detachable filter (31) and exhaust port. Air is sent in through an inlet port which is attached with a gate to regulate the amount of gas flow by opening and closing the inlet port.    USE -   For processing garbage using microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE -   The feeding amount of gases depends on the input of organic substances, to prevent dry and wet condition of the contents of the tank, thereby increasing the efficiency of the process. The regulator of the input gases is a detachable structure and is operated smoothly for a longer period. A regulator attached to the downstream side of the filter prevents adherence of dust on the filter. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of organic refuse processing apparatus. (5) Sheet- shaped heater; (15) Stirrer; (31) Filter; (35) Baffle plate; (41) Cover. (RA)
NOVELTY - Based on the variation of distortion caused on the exterior of a processing chamber (1) by a sensor (S), due to stirring of mixture of organic substance and carrier, the moisture content of the carrier is adjusted to range suitable for micro-organism activity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Carrier of micro-organism and organic substance are mixed in the processing chamber, where decomposition process is performed. A stirrer (3) stirs the mixture in the chamber.    USE -   For decomposing organic refuse such as garbage ejected from home, kitchen of restaurant, using carrier of micro- organism such as wooden strip, sawdust, activated charcoal.    ADVANTAGE -   Ensures long term usage by preventing corrosion or abrasion of sensor thereby reducing cost. Micro-organism can adjust to moisture content thereby ensuring working efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front sectional view of organic substance processing apparatus. (1) Processing chamber; (3) Stirrer; (S) Sensor. (RA)
NOVELTY - During heating, inhalation of outer air is performed and oxygen is supplied. Water vapor formed by decomposition process and heating, is ejected externally via ventilators. Another heater provided in the upper cover of the chamber heats the air space in the chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic substance are injected via an insertion opening, into the processing chamber containing carrier of micro-organism. A heater heats the mixture of carrier of micro-organism and organic substance, to a temperature suitable for micro-organism activity inside processing chamber. The opening is opened or closed using an upper cover. A stirrer stirs the mixture of carrier and organic substance.    USE -   For processing organic domestic refuse e.g. garbage, using carrier of micro-organism e.g. sawdust, activated charcoal.    ADVANTAGE -   When outer atmospheric temperature is low, dew formation generated in lid interior is suppressed. Moisture occurring by decomposition process of organic substance can be smoothly ejected out of tank with water vapor. Since air space in tank can be efficiently warmed, reduction of decomposition process capability when outer atmospheric temperature is low is suppressed, therefore improving operativity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front sectional view of organic substance processing apparatus. Parts list: (3) Stirrer; (21) Opening; (22) Cover.
NOVELTY - The organic waste compost apparatus comprises a belt conveyor and a press roller which is equipped with ultrasonic vibrator for compressing the refuse to remove water. A dry air generator for water evaporation is provided. A mixer is provided to mix the ferment microbe with the refuse and to adjust moisture for carrying out fermentation in the fermenter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lower belt conveyor of the conveyor unit comprises of a lower mesh belt and a lower pulley. Similarly the upper belt conveyor comprises a upper mesh belt and upper pulley. Lower press rollers and upper press rollers are provided at the upstream side of the upper belt along with ultrasonic oscillator. The mixer has separate feed hoppers for organic waste and microbe. An outlet for removal of the mixture of microbes and waste is provided in the mixer which has a rotating shaft in the longitudinal direction. The fermenter is either a horizontal or vertical shaped one provided with an inlet, outlet and a rotating shaft driven by a motor. Rotation boards with paddles are arranged in rows for conveying and stirring or churning.    USE -   For composting organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Zymosis of organic waste is promoted and energy efficiency is improved because excess water is removed from the waste. The apparatus can be installed in a small area. The mixing of the microbes and the waste is done uniformly and ejected at a constant rate. The fermentation unit is checked and maintained at every stage. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the compost apparatus. Parts list: (8) Ultrasonic oscillator; (31,32) Lower press rollers; (41,42) Upper press rollers.
NOVELTY - A culture medium is formed by mixing enough nitrogen source for the proliferation of the microorganism, by decomposition of nitrogen source, and decomposed saccharin as the fertilization components, with the paddy husk powder with 0.6-1.2 mm particle size. The paddy husk powder forms 25 wt% in dry state in the mixture.    USE -   As artificial culture medium for growing plants in forestry.    ADVANTAGE -   Makes use of farming waste products for artificial culture medium. Improves the function of culture medium by performing grinding process with nitrogen source and decomposed saccharine. Solves the disposal problem of paddy husk. Avoids the temporary nitrogen lacking phenomenon of the plant pot in the initial state. Prevents the subsequent growing instability of the plant by preserving the water and the fertilizer component. Enables to pack small amount of fertilizer into the container of artificial culture medium thereby enables to handle easily.
NOVELTY - Electricity generated according to chemical reactions, is passed via buffer spacers (41,40) to exterior of inner end plates (36,35). Outer end plates (39,38) are arranged on a multilayer body (44) which provides preset pressure power and is supported by end plates (43,42). The output current is derived from the inner end plate (36) among the end plates (43). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel and oxidation gas electrodes (28,29) whose passage ways are provided on their exterior portions, respectively, supports an electrolytic board (27). The fuel and oxidation gas are circulated in both the passage ways.    USE -   In fuel battery apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers current extraction stabilization in time dependent manner. Reduces maximum collector distance and hence thickness of end plate is reduced. Exhibits sufficient flexibility. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel battery apparatus. (27) Electrolytic board; (28,29) Fuel and oxidation gas electrodes; (35,36) Inner end plate; (38,39) Outer end plates; (42,43) End plates; (40,41) Buffer spacers.
NOVELTY - A porous structured silicoaluminophosphate support catalyst is included. Palladium and platinum of 1-2wt% are injected into the pores of the support catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The high dispersion of La or Ce of 1-2wt% using ion exchange method is carried into acid group of silico aluminophosphate as co-catalyst.    USE -   For exhaust of lean burn gas engine.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers improved catalytic activity by increasing the rate of oxidation of unburnt methane, thus reducing the catalytic metal consumption and costs.
The surface of one part of sludge particles is prevented from being encapsulated and loosened and other additives are added in order to promote biodegradation.    USE -   Can be used on ground acid sludge from containers.
Composition for biological treatment of waste waters and sludges comprises: (a) at least one mixture of specialised bacteria containing "a micro-organic base of the animal kingdom and a phyto-organic base"; (b) a mixture of bacteria with a broad activity spectrum immobilised on a porous and flocculant mineral carrier; and (c) nutrients.    Preferably component (a) is present in an amount of at least 107 cells/g and comprises 80% "micro-organic base" and 20% "phyto-organic base". Component (b) is present in an amount of 104 cells/g. The "micro-organic base" is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The "phyto-organic base" is a mixture of Rhizopus arrhizus and Disporotrichum denorphoporum. The mineral carrier comprises 50% CaCO3 and 50% bentonite. The nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements.    USE -   especially for treating the effluent from a paint spray cabin of the type having a curtain of water that collects spray drift and is circulated through an aeration tank.
NOVELTY - Material for composting is laid out in long swaths between parallel walls (10). The material is spread and periodically turned, aerated and mixed by a dedicated turner (3) which moves back and forth along the swaths on a chariot resting on top of the walls. The turner is one or more horizontal drums, carrying a number of approximately radial fingers (30 and 30'). The drum can rotate clockwise or anticlockwise for spreading material or turning.    USE -   Large scale composting of straw, farmyard manure, sawdust, wood or other materials, which may be wetted with animal urine.    ADVANTAGE -   The material is spread and mixed using the turners, so a tractor is not required to mix the compost, and operation is automatic.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross section of a swath of compost. (3) Mixer; (5) liquid pump; (10) side walls; (11) outer wall; (12) liquid reservoir; (20) chariot; (21) cross beam; (22) wheels; (30) mixing fingers; (31) mixer axle; (50) liquid supply tube; (70) cover; (100) track; (J) liquid spray.
NOVELTY - Preparation of organic hydroperoxides with improved selectivity without the use of expensively shielded reactors by having a separate liquid water phase present as a film on the vessel walls in 0.5-20.0 wt.% concentration when oxidizing a hydrocarbon feed with molecular oxygen under supercritical conditions.    USE - Synthesis of tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide, useful in the synthesis of propylene oxide and methyl tertiary-butyl ether.    ADVANTAGE - Selectivity of up to 74 mol% is achieved using isobutane oxidation and without expensive gold-plated reactors. Water film forms a shield between product and reactor walls, thus inhibiting decomposition.
NOVELTY - A catalyst for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons comprises ultra-fine gold particles supported on a titanium-containing oxide and is used in the presence of a reducing agent.    USE - The catalyst and method is useful for preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds, particularly alcohols and/or a ketones obtained by partial oxidation of a saturated hydrocarbon or an epoxide which is produced by partial oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon (claimed). The saturated hydrocarbon is 3-12 C, e.g. propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, 2-methylbutane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane and cyclohexane; and the unsaturated hydrocarbon is 2-12 C, e.g. ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, cyclopentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, 3-hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, cyclohexene, 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene, 3-methyl-1-cyclopentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst allows a one-step procedure which gives high selectivity (e.g. partial oxidation of propylene, selectivity = 34 %, in examples) and high stable conversions, even from a wide variety of hydrocarbons of different reactivities.
NOVELTY - Ammoxidation catalysts for the gas-phase production of (meth)acrylonitrile from propane (or isobutane) comprise mixed oxides of molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, tellurium and/or antimony and one or more lanthanide elements.    USE - For the production of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile.    ADVANTAGE - An ammoxidation catalyst which is easily produced and which makes it possible to increase the yield of (meth)acrylonitrile based on ammonia without adversely affecting the yield based on propane (or isobutane). This results in more effective use of both starting materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ammoxidation catalysts for the gas-phase production of (meth)acrylonitrile from propane (or isobutane) comprise mixed oxides of formula Mo1,0VaNbbXcZdEeOn(I),    X = tellurium and/or antimony;    Z = at least one of the elements ytterbium, dysprosium and erbium;    E = at least one of the elements neodymium, samarium, lanthanum, praseodymium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, holmium, thulium, lutetium and scandium;    a = 0.1-1.0;    b, c = 0.01-1.0;    d, e = 0-0.1;    (d+e) = 0.001-0.1;    n = a number determined by the valency requirements of the other elements in (I)    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for the production of (meth)acrylonitrile by reaction of propane (or isobutane) with ammonia and molecular oxygen in the gas phase in presence of catalyst (I).
NOVELTY - A thermal gas dissociation device has an electrically conductive capillary connected by leads to a heater, the lead to the open capillary effusion end region seating around the capillary side at this region.    USE - For creating radicals (especially atomic hydrogen) and/or reaction products (e.g. N2 and CH3 from azomethane), especially for material surface modification in surface and material research or in the semiconductor industry, e.g. for cleaning, etching or doping of wafers.    ADVANTAGE - The device achieves thermal gas dissociation without production of ions, highly excited atoms and associated UV radiation, provides more controllable and increased heating (at least2000 K) of the open capillary end region to produce a higher radical flux compared with electron bombardment heating, and provides high operational safety and reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A device, for creating radicals (especially hydrogen radicals) and/or reaction products by thermal dissociation of gas molecules, has a gas supply (3, 3a) for gas molecule transport into an electrically conductive capillary (100) which has an open radical and/or reaction product effusion end (103) remote from a capillary portion (B) electrically connected to a first lead (105), a capillary heater (U) being connected to the first lead (105) and to a second lead (200) which encloses and seats against the capillary side for electrically contacting the capillary open end region (A).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the ion-free high flux device of the invention.    Effusion end region (A)    Remote capillary end (B)    Heating voltage source (U)    Dissociation products (X)    Supplied gas (X2)    Metal block (13)    Capillary (100)    Capillary effusion end (103)    First lead (105)    Second lead (200)    Second lead winding (202)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical hydrogen generator capable of delivering relative H2 concentrations to the combustible sensor, and integrating the generator into the sensor itself, thus providing a device that includes both the sensor and a mechanism for automatically testing the sensor to detect loss of sensitivity.    USE - For automatic testing the response of combustible gas sensors used to detect the presence of potentially hazardous concentrations of flammable gases or vapors.    ADVANTAGE - The combustible gas sensing device provides automatic checking of the combustible sensor every twenty fours hours and greatly reduces the manual labor needed to verify that the gas detection system is operable and will respond in the event of gas leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The device (10) includes a catalytic combustible gas sensor (12) and a hydrogen generator (14) in an explosion proof housing (16). The gas sensor has an active and a passive elements (18,20) arranged in a Wheatstone bridge. A thermal barrier (28) prevents heat from the active element reaching the passive element. The hydrogen generator is separated from the combustible gas sensor by a gas diffusion chamber (34) which has an opening (34a) and contains flame arrester (36). The hydrogen generator is an electrochemical cell with two embedded electrodes and water based electrolyte. The hydrogen generator relies on water inside the generator cell for hydrogen production. Formulating the electrolyte so that it pulls water out of the air, allows the generator to run for over a year without servicing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an elevation view of combustible gas sensor with integral hydrogen generator    Device for verifying the response (10)    Combustible gas sensor (12)    Hydrogen generator (14)    Explosion proof housing (16)    Sensing elements (18,20)    Thermal barrier (28)    Diffusion chamber (34)    Chamber opening (34a)    Flame arrester (36)
NOVELTY - The agent combines low permeability volatile organic compound (VOC) participating in atmospheric photochemical reactions, blowing agent, low-volatility and high-volatility non-VOC blowing agent.    USE - In production of foamed polystyrene.    ADVANTAGE - The use of new blowing agent results in reduction of atmospheric pollution during production of foamed polystyrene, without affecting high productivity of process. Produced foams show reduced VOC emission.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A blowing agent for foaming of polystyrene comprises:    (1) low permeability compound (with polystyrene permeability below 1 x 10-12 cc(STP)(cm)) classified as volatile organic compound (VOC) by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA);    (2) low volatility compound (with boiling point above 23degreesC, not classified as VOC, and, optionally,    (3) high volatility compound (with boiling point lower than 0degreesC), not classified as VOC. The content of low permeability compound is below 42 wt.%.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polystyrene foam structure prepared by:    (a) melting a mixture comprising thermoplastic polymer;    (b) dissolving effective amount of blowing agent in the mixture;    (c) forming an extrudate, containing 0.5-3 wt.% of low volatility compound;    (d) transferring extrudate to an expansion zone;    (e) expanding extrudate in expansion zone to produce polystyrene foam structure of density 1-15 lb / ft3.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a two-extruder tandem system for extruding polystyrene foam sheet.    hopper (11)    extruder (13)    point of addition of blowing agent (15)    hollow adapter section (17)    secondary tandem extruder (19)    annular die (21)    elongated bubble (23)    cooling-sizing drum (25)    sheet stock (27)    winding reel (29)
NOVELTY - Uses a complex of gold and reducible oxide of transition metal on a support of oxides of ceria, zirconia and titanium to provide a catalyst of high efficiency and low operating temperature at acceptable cost.    USE - For use in oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, methanol, methane and carbon monoxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst has high activity and efficiency, lower operating temperatures and acceptable cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gold catalyst provides electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels at temperatures low enough to avoid thermal cracking of the fuel and comprises an active catalyst and a support. The catalyst contains gold-reducible oxide clusters on a support of oxides of ceria, zirconia and titanium, the concentration of metals in the complex being 0.1-6 wt.% and the wt. of gold being 0.1-2.5 preferably less than 1.3 wt.%. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the use of the gold catalyst in the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, methanol, methane and carbon monoxide at working temperatures of 0-650 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Uses a succession of stages for performing endothermic reactions so that preferably at least 60% of the heat required is provided by the heat evolved through oxidative regeneration and reductive regeneration stages.    USE - For use in the dehydrogenation of paraffins e.g. propane to form olefins.    ADVANTAGE - Cost-effective process in which at least 60% of the heat required is provided by the heat evolved through oxidative regeneration and reductive regeneration stages.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for performing an endothermic reaction comprises cycling a heat transfer bed containing a solid convertible material that can be oxidized from lower oxidation state at which the reaction occurs to a higher oxidation state. The process involves a succession of stages:    (a) an oxidative regeneration stage, where an oxidizing gas is passed through the heat transfer bed to oxidize the convertible material with heating of the heat transfer bed,    (b) a reductive regeneration stage, where a reducing gas that is oxidized with the evolution of heat is passed through the heat transfer bed, with further heating of the heat transfer bed and    (c) a reaction stage, where feedstock is passed through the heated heat transfer bed and reacted to form a products stream and cool the heat transfer bed.    Each cycle of the process has a duration of less than 5 minutes.
NOVELTY - Uses a catalyst with a large difference between the clean-up and runaway temperatures to provide selective hydrogenation of a gas stream containing substantial amounts of hydrogen.    USE - For use in selective hydrogenation of feed gas stream especially acetylenes in the presence of olefins e.g. ethylene.    ADVANTAGE - Provides selective hydrogenation of acetylene with minimal hydrogenation of olefins present in the feed gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The selective hydrogenation is carried out on a feed gas stream containing at least 10 vol.% hydrogen, ethylene and 400-15,000 p.p.m. vol. of 2-4C hydrocarbons that are more highly unsaturated than monoolefins and including 2000-10,000 p.p.m. vol. acetylene and not more than 5000 p.p.m. vol. methyl acetylene, propadiene and butadiene. The gas stream is passed adiabatically through a fixed bed of a particulate selective hydrogenation catalyst at inlet temperature 60-90 degreesC, the inlet temperature and flow rate to the bed are such that at least 80 vol.% and not less than 4000 p.p.m. vol. of highly unsaturated compounds are hydrogenated in the bed. The outlet temperature is below the runaway temperature of the catalyst and the difference between the outlet and inlet temperatures is not more than 80% of the difference between the clean-up and runaway temperatures of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - Uses reactants that are not salts to make anionic, hydrotalcite-type pillared clay compositions in a direct and simple process to produce dehydrated nickel-containing material that is resistant to deactivation.    USE - For use in reforming hydrocarbyls to synthesis gas.    ADVANTAGE - Are strongly resistant to deactivation e.g. by coke formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The dehydrated nickel-containing material is made by:    (a) blending in aqueous medium:    (i) 2 molar parts of more of divalent metal compound that is not a salt and comprises nickel ion optionally with one other ion selected from magnesium, copper, cobalt, zinc, iron and manganese;    (ii) 1 molar part of trivalent compound that is not a salt and comprises aluminum ion optionally with gallium, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, vanadium, titanium, lanthanum or indium ions; and    (iii) 0.5-1 molar part of water-soluble interstitial anion precursor;    (b) heating the mixture to 50-100 degreesC and maintaining at elevated temperature for at least one hour to form an anionic layered mixed hydroxide;    (c) recovering the hydroxide from the mixture; and    (d) calcining for at least one hour at 450 degreesC or more to produce a dehydrated material.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) the composition as above formed by heating the material to at least 700 degreesC under reforming conditions; and    (b) preparation of synthesis gas by:    (I) feeding gaseous or vaporizable hydrocarbyl and oxygen-containing gas of molecular oxygen, water or carbon dioxide to reaction zone containing the catalyst formed in (a); and    (II) reacting the hydrocarbyl and oxygen-containing gas at temperature and pressure sufficient to form synthesis gas.
(KR98019266-A)   NOVELTY - Safe, non-rusting refrigerant composition includes trifluoromethyl iodide, propane, cyclopentane and silicone oil.    USE - The composition is useful in automobile air conditioners, refrigerators, and freezers.    ADVANTAGE - The composition can be used in existing refrigeration units, of any type, without modifications to the unit. The compositions are nontoxic, have high flash points and do not cause rust to associated metal parts. The compositions are also safe and cheap.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A refrigerant composition to be used in a freezer including a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver, an expansion valve and evaporator, the composition comprises trifluoromethyl iodide existing as gas at normal temperatures, paraffinic hydrocarbon(s) selected from propane, cyclopropane, cyclopentane and dimethylether.
NOVELTY - A plate fin heat exchanger is formed by welding part (A) and a plate (10) and a fin (11), placed between a carbon monoxide conversion device and a modifier.    USE -   For lowering the modified gas temperature supplied to the fuel battery electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   The plate fin heat exchanger obtained by welding, restricts generation of carbon precipitate and also other problems related with carbon precipitate are avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of heat exchanger with plate and fin welded. (10) Plate; (11) Fin.
NOVELTY - An evaporator (5) heats the catalyst modification layer (12) of a reformer (7) with a combustion gas at high temperature during the starting time or at transient time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel is supplied to the evaporator from a tank with a pump spraying nozzle. A burner is provided in the evaporator for combustion of fuel supplied to the evaporator to heat the catalyst modification layer in the reformer. A gaseous diffusion layer is contacted at a specific space in parallel to the catalyst modification layer with a conductor. A heat exchanger is provided in the evaporator to utilize also the heat generated during combustion of fuel in the evaporator to heat the catalyst modification layer. The catalyst modification layer is also heated by using an electric heater connected to a power supply.    USE -   For fuel battery used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst modification layer is heated efficiently and quickly at the time of starting and transit with the evaporator supplied with fuel for combustion gas generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows the sectional view of modification layer heating system. (5) Evaporator; (7) Reformer; (12) Catalyst modification layer.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich reforming gas containing carbon monoxide is passed into a carbon monoxide removal device (6) where carbon monoxide is removed by methanation. The gas is then passed into another removal device where the residual carbon monoxide is removed by adding oxidizing agent.    USE -   For electricity generation using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide in modified gas is removed without loss of hydrogen.
NOVELTY - When the current (i) flowing to an external circuit from a fuel battery, is increased by ~Di less than 2FxVrCO2 , where F is the Faraday constant (C/mol) and VrCO2 is the amount of CO2in raw material gas modified by the modifier. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Battery consists of anode (5) and cathode (4) which consists of porous material to promote electrochemical reduction reaction. An electrolyte plate holds fused electrolyte of alkali metal carbonate. Cathode and anode exhaust gas recycle blowers (7,9) are provided for the recycle and supply part of respective gas back to cathode and a modifier respectively. A turbine compressor is provided for supplying air to the cathode. A raw gas modifier is provided to supply hydrogen rich gas to anode.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents reduction in carbon dioxide partial pressure, when load current increased. Enables stable running of battery as carbon dioxide partial pressure is controlled. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of fuel battery. (4) Cathode; (5) Anode; (7,9) Anode exhaust gas recycle blowers.
NOVELTY - An integrated anode gas recycle heat exchanger (21) is connected to an anode gas recycle line. Anode waste gas inlet and outlet (22,23) are provided at a high and low position sides of the heat exchanger respectively. One or more of various boiled fluids generated in a plant is made to pass through a heat exchanger tube (24). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A modifier which restores the fuel is provided in the anode pole of the fuel battery main body. An oxidizing agent supply apparatus is provided to supply oxidizing agent for a reaction in the fuel battery main body. The anode gas recycle line which supplies anode waste gas and recovers potential heat and water from the anode waste gas emitted from the anode pole of battery main body and cools in the combustion part of modifier as gas for combustion. A condensed water recovery line is provided which supplies the condensed water collected from the waste gas to a water treatment unit.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies structure of heat exchanger and exhaust heat water recovery system as anode gas recycle line is unified and condensed as integrated recycle apparatus. Improves plant efficiency as heat waste is reduced. Offers compact equipment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of integrated anode recycle heat exchanger. (21) Heat exchanger; (22) Anode waste gas inlet; (23) Anode waste gas outlet; (24) Heat exchanger tube.
NOVELTY - The thickness of the solid electrolyte (2) is increased gradually from the outlet of the fuel gas passage and outlet of the oxidizing agent gas passage towards the inlet of each flow path.    USE -   In fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces time dependent deterioration by maintaining battery cell temperature, since thickness of solid electrolyte is increased gradually.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the structure of battery. (2) Solid electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A catalyst layer (6) is arranged at the periphery of another catalyst layer (5), along oxidizing agent outlet manifold (2) and heating gas outlet manifold (4).    USE -   In fuel cell using phosphoric acid.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces electrolyte losses.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows electrolyte loss prevention structure in phosphoric acid usage type fuel battery. (2) Oxidizing agent outlet manifold; (4) Heating gas outlet manifold; (5,6) Catalyst layers.
NOVELTY - The structure includes an inner cylinder (21) which is extended from an upper stream piping (11) towards a down stream piping (12). A pair of injection nozzles (23,24) for gas or vapor, is installed at a cylindrical space (22), formed by the downstream piping, at the sides of the inner cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Flanges (13,14) of the upperstream and downstream piping are positioned at both sides of an insulated gasket (18) and is fastened by a bolt (16) and a nut (17). The path of the downstream piping is larger than the path of the upper stream piping.    USE -   For insulation of pipings in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The insulated reduction is prevented by the installation of injection nozzles. Formation of carbonate mist is prevented by blowing of cooling gas into the cylindrical space. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a coupling structure for insulation gasket of pipings in fuel battery. (11) Upper stream piping; (12) Downstream piping; (13,14) Flanges; (16) Bolt; (17) Nut; (18) Insulated gasket; (21) Inner cylinder; (22) Cylindrical space; (23,24) Injection nozzles.
NOVELTY - Flammable material with waste is sorted in a wind force selection process, followed by crushing of the soft and light refuse. The granular refuse (16) and the soft and light refuse (17) are then mixed with the flammables. Subsequently, the mixture of flammables is added with slaked lime and cast followed by cooling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Primary crushing (1) of the waste is carried out and dried. Classification of hard and heavy refuse (15), granular refuse (16) and light and soft refuse (17) is done. An oscillation repulsion type classification machine (29) is used to carry out a primary classification process (4) uniformly that separates the heavy refuse, granular refuse and the soft and light refuse. Wind force classifiers (34,35) are used to sort the flammable refuse in a secondary classification installation (45).    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates efficient manufacture of fuel from waste by sorting of components in waste. Enables efficient recovery of metal and other elements, thus increasing recycling rate. As only small scale processing installation is required, the running cost is required. Maintenance is made simpler. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the installation apparatus used for processing of waste. (1) Primary crushing process; (4) Primary classification process; (15) Hard and heavy refuse; (16) Granular refuse; (17) Light and soft refuse; (29) Oscillation repulsion type classification machine; (34,35) Wind force classifiers; (45) Secondary classification installation.
NOVELTY - The dry distillation and carbonisation of the waste medium is carried out at 400-500 C to produce a carbonaceous material consisting of carbon and ferrite as principal components. The carbonaceous material is used as a far infrared radiating material.    USE -   Magnetic cards used in automatic vending machine, telephone cards, bank cards, credit cards, magnetic tapes for videos, magnetic disks, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The reuse of waste recording medium is offered easily. The infrared radiating efficiency of the recycled waste is improved. The recycled waste promotes vegetable growth and quick decomposition of organic refuse.
NOVELTY - A conveying truck (2) which is reciprocally movable is formed on the top of parallel walls (1a) of a fermentor (1). The upper end of truck is extended towards the side of wall of the fermentor , and the lower end suspends feed cutter which extends close to the bottom of the fermentor. A raw material supply tube (4) is installed at the upper end of the cutter with its outer wall loaded with slip ring (4b) for electric power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fermentor is in the form of a tank, and has a pair of parallel walls (1a) divided by an intermediate wall (1c) and adjoined by a semicircle wall (1b). A reciprocating truck is formed above the parallel wall whose upper end is extended toward the side wall, and the lower part suspends a raw material cutter. The cutter with raw material supply tube (4) and the outer wall of feed supply tube is loaded with slip rings (4b) for electric power. Feed hopper (4a) is connected above feed supply tube. The lower side of fermenter has an aeration hole (9) and outlet for the extraction of compost.    USE -   For fermentation of organic sludge ejected from drainage treatment installations, sewer lines for compost manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus occupies a small area and is easy to operate. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the side sectional view of fermenter and feed cutter. (1) Fermenter; (1a) Parallel walls; (1b) Semicircle wall; (1c) Intermediate wall; (4) Raw material supply tube; (4a) Feed hopper; (4b) Slip ring; (9) Aeration hole. (RA)
NOVELTY - The reformer comprises a reforming reactor (1), a shift reactor (2) and a selective oxidation part (3) which has a reforming catalyst, a shift catalyst and a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation catalyst in respective receptacles. Reforming raw material is steam reformed by the reforming catalyst and the amount of CO in the reforming gas is reduced by an aqueous shift reaction performed by the shift catalyst. The remaining CO is selectively oxidised by the CO oxidation catalyst. The three reaction parts are equipped with a heat transfer material (5) which has high heat conductivity. A combustor (4) heats the reaction parts and heat is transferred from the high temperature side to the low temperature side.    USE -   To manufacture reforming gas which essentially consists of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   Equalisation of temperature is established since heat is transferred from the high temperature side to low temperature side.
NOVELTY Microorganisms belonging to the Penicillium genus which have formaldehyde decomposing ability are used to decompose formaldehyde in waste water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the processing of formaldehyde in waste water from the textile industry. The waste water is supplied to a biological treatment tank. Then activated sludge containing Penicillium microorganisms with formaldehyde decomposing ability is added to perform biological treatment of the water.    USE -   For processing formaldehyde content in the waste water especially discharged from the textile industry (claimed). The processed water is reused for the cross-linking process in the textile industry (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The method enables effective decomposition of high concentrations of formaldehyde in a short time and enables recycling of the processed water.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse is injected to the main body (2) through an opening (7), and fermentation is carried out by a microbe. A scavenging fan (10) forces an exhaust gas into the main body from its upper part.    USE -   For processing residential drainage.    ADVANTAGE -   Performs uniform discharge. Prevents odor leakage. Reduces processing cost. Maintains main body interior at negative pressure and involves easy maintenance of main body. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional drawing of the main body of the processing apparatus. (2) Main body; (7) Refuse opening; (9) Drain hole; (10) Scavenging fan; (11) Jet pipe.
NOVELTY The apparatus has a stirrer (3) which consists of a rotation axis (4) and churning paddle (5). The churning paddle is heated to perform stirring of organic refuse in the main body (2) along the rotation axis.    USE -   For the drainage pipes of sinks in residential buildings for example.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation is performed at a faster rate and uniformly at optimum temperature. The heat loss is minimized. The processing achieves environmental protection. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS The figure shows a horizontal section of the organic refuse processing apparatus. (2) Main body; (3) Stirrer; (4) Rotation axis; (5) Churning paddle. (EO)
NOVELTY - The method comprises the addition of at least one enzyme to the aqueous culture medium of the microorganism.    USE - The method is useful for treating specific polluted aqueous effluents e.g. urban wastewater treatment.    ADVANTAGE - The method is useful for improving industrial fermentation easily and at reduced costs to accelerate the fermentation process. Also the microorganisms are useful for germinating and allowing to grow and secrete new enzymes which will increase the protective properties against the inhibitory effects of the detergent.
NOVELTY - A reformer is situated in the flow path of a reactant fluid, comprising a catalyst unit capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, and an electrically heatable heater unit.    USE - For production of high purity hydrogen for fuel cells used in industry or in automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - There is no environmental pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) a catalytic reactor disposed in the flow path of a reactant fluid;    (2) an electrically heatable catalyst unit;    (3) a method of operating the reformer; and    (4) a method of operating the catalytic reactor.
NOVELTY - A process for treating chicken dung comprises mixing old paper with it, along with water. The mixture is heated, dried and reduced.    USE - The process is used to produce a mixture of paper and chicken dung.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables old paper to be disposed of naturally.
NOVELTY - The vaporizer (10a) and reformer (10b) lie adjacent in their casing (1).    USE - To reform water and methane to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Instead of devoting separate vessels, couplings, valves and pipework to individual phases of the process, all is carried out in a single tube. The valued simplification also increases reliability, above that hitherto possible. The design is more compact. Basic economical components form the assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The gas generator tube is cross-sectioned.    vaporization region (1a)    electrical resistance heating coil (2)    pressurized feed vessel (6)    compressed gas vessel (7)    dosing unit (20)
NOVELTY - A biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) generator has a housing (2) with an inner wall (8) with a gap to an internal reactor vessel (3) and inner heater with an inlet (4) for pre-acidified organic material (4) and discharge unit (5) for spent organic material. The outer face (7) of the reactor vessel (3) and the inner wall (8) of the housing (2) are separated by a panel (9). The discharge (5) unit draws the gas-generating organic material from one side of the panel (9) into the gap (6) between the outer face (7) and inner wall (8). Spent organic material is discharged through a housing (2) outlet (10) near to the other side of the panel (9).    USE - Biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) generator to convert organic waste especially animal slurry into fuel. The arrangement improves especially the reactor thermal insulation by arrangement of the individual component parts, at the same time reducing the requirement for insulation material. The process operation contributes to the overall process efficiency.    ADVANTAGE - The generator improves the energy balance by reducing the proportion of carbon dioxide in favor of methane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of the biogas generator.
Nodule bacteria of leguminous plant are first cultured in culture medium and irradiated with ultraviolet to mutate, then cultured in inducing culture liquid to propagate varied strains, which are finally propagated in fermentation liquid to reach certain concentration and mixed with proper amount of protective liquid into the compound fertilizer. The fertilizer is suitable for various plants and can promote the growth of plants, improve their quality, increase their yield, improve soil texture through eliminating hardening and increase soil fertility.
After the surface protective film of straw is destroyed through certain treatment, the straw is mixed with strain to ferment straw biologically and droppings as nutritious material. The mixture is stored at certain temperature and humidity for certain period so that the straw is transformed through fermentation. Then, the mixture is stoved and crushed to become the organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer thus produced has high organic matter content and thus high fertilizer effect.
NOVELTY - Uses supported or bulk metal oxides to facilitate the production of formaldehyde directly from sour gas natural stream containing methane and hydrogen sulfide.    USE - For use in treating sour natural gas streams to produce formaldehyde and methyl mercaptans.    ADVANTAGE - Useful formaldehyde and methyl mercaptans can be produced by treatment of sour natural gas streams.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The production of formaldehyde and methyl mercaptans from methane and hydrogen sulfide involves:    (a) partially oxidizing methane to formaldehyde and carbon oxides over first catalyst;    (b) recovering the formaldehyde separate from the carbon oxides; and    (c) contacting the carbon oxides and hydrogen sulfide with second catalyst comprising supported metal oxide of titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, rhenium, vanadium, chromium, tungsten, manganese, niobium and/or tantalum on a support of titania, silica, zirconia, alumina, ceria, magnesia, niobia, lanthanum oxide and/or tin oxide, the support and supported metal not being the same, to convert carbon oxides and hydrogen sulfide to methyl mercaptans.
NOVELTY - A digester (11) having three compartments comprises: (1) a first compartment (16) receiving biodegradable material; (2) a second (17) receiving material from the first compartment in a controlled manner; and (3) a third (18) receiving material from the second. A duct (36,37,38) controls transfer of heat from the third compartment to the second.    USE - Digester for composting biodegradable material.    ADVANTAGE - Heat is efficiently transferred between compartments in a controlled manner. Added water is preheated by residence in tank above composting compartment to prevent temperature shock. Transfer of warm biodegrading material to a higher compartment stimulates bioactivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a digester with a number of compartments capable of transferring material through each compartment to an outlet reservoir for fluid spray and transferring heat from the compartment to the reservoir; and    (2) a digester which receives material in the first compartment and transfers it to the second compartment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an elevation of the digester.    digester (10)    horizontal floors (12-15)    treatment compartments (16-19)    inlet (20)    outlet conveyor (21)    outlet enclosure (21a)    self sealing transfer doors (22-25)    transfer openings (26-29)    slide door (30)    drive device (31)    rotating arms (32-35)    heat transfer ducts (36-40)    outlet ducts (41-43)    valves (44-45)    temperature probes (46-47)    fluid reservoir (48)
NOVELTY - Single-stage gypsum bed process for separating potassium and for producing potassium salts from organic residual solutions by filtering solution through gypsum bed so that potassium ions of the solution react during filtration with sulfate ions or with sulfate and calcium ions, forming potassium salts, is new.    USE - The process provides for the separation of potassium from the residual solutions from the food, fermentation and animal feed industries, such as cane and beet molasses, vinasse, potato cell sap or brown silage effluent. The potassium salt product is suitable as raw material for fertilisers or animal feeds. The formed potassium-containing reaction product may either be spread as such as a fertiliser on fields, or it may be slurried in water before being spread. Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O), as well as other potassium compounds formed, may also be used as a raw material in the production of conventional fertilisers.    ADVANTAGE - The process is a single-stage process, and is simpler than previously known methods. A particular advantage of the gypsum bed process is its movability, the usability of devices of various types, such as containers and filters, in the process, and the low amount of the investment required. A process such as this is profitable even in a small unit, and thus the collection of residual solutions and their transportation to special purification plants is rendered unnecessary. The overall transportation need is reduced to approximately 20% of the previous need.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a potassium salt product with a high potassium or potassium and sodium content.
NOVELTY - A controlled amount of water is introduced into the gas stream prior to the catalyzed reaction to a temperature for the preferential, selective removal of carbon monoxide especially from reformate gas mixtures.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improved and simplified clean-up system is compact, simple to assemble and capable of dealing with varying flow rates of hydrogen-rich gas and varying amounts of carbon monoxide. Provides preferential selective removal of carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Purification of gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide involves a catalyzed reaction for the selective removal of carbon monoxide. A controlled amount of liquid water is introduced into the stream prior to the reaction to lower the stream temperature to a predetermined value at which preferential removal of carbon monoxide takes place in the reaction.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a multi-bed catalyst system for the purification of the gas stream; and    (b) a fuel cell system for vehicular applications comprising an on-board hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen clean-up unit operating as above and a fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Metal oxides catalyst contains promoter element of oxide of phosphorus, boron, hafmium, tellurium or arsenic to provide high selectivity and yield of acetic acid from low-temperature ethane oxidation.    USE - For oxidation of ethane to acetic acid.    ADVANTAGE - Provides increased selectivity and yield of acetic acid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst composition comprises oxides of molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and X, in the ratio MoAVBNbCXD,    X = promoter element selected from phosphorus, boron, hafmium, tellurium and arsenic;    A = 1-5;    B = 1;    C = 0.01-0.5;    D = 0-0.1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for    (a) preparation of the catalyst by mixing the oxides and calcining,    (b) the catalytic process and    (c) performing the catalytic chemical reaction in a fluid phase.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an XRD pattern for a catalyst modified with promoter P.
NOVELTY - Bioremediation apparatus for removing contaminants from an airstream by passing through layer of bioactive media, including container with bioactive media supported on perforated plate. The plate has uniformly distributed holes of diameter small enough to retain media and large enough to prevent clogging. The ratio of hole area to total area of plate is 20 - 35%. Airflow is maintained by pump.    USE - Removal of volatile organic compounds from contaminated subsurface soil and groundwater.    ADVANTAGE - The multiple thin layers of bioreactive media are less prone to compaction than conventional apparatus. The levels allow the isolation of layers of media into different treatment zones, each of which can be individually accessed for monitoring and sampling. The pressure drop over the apparatus is low.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an elevation of the apparatus.    apparatus (20)    contaminated air inlet large pipe (22)    air entrance bottom side (24)    high density plastic or aluminium tank (26)    water (28)    welded coupling (30)    perforated sheet material (32)    welded coupling (34)    pressure water line (36)    cartridge type filter housing (40)    conductivity sensor (42)    external pipe (44)    control unit (46)    biofilter (50)    welded coupling (52)    pipe from humidifier (54)    vacuum pump (60)    pipe (62)    purified air discharge to atmosphere (64)
NOVELTY - The sensor uses infrared spectroscopy to detect CO that is adsorbed on a thin Pt film that coats an infrared transparent substrate. CO is detected by the absorption (at about 1990 cm-1) caused by exciting the fundamental vibration of CO adsorbed on the Pt. A valve is caused to close if an excess concentration of CO is detected.    USE - For detecting excess CO in the feed-gas flowing into a fuel cell stack in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Detects CO concentration in the range 5 to 50 ppm by volume in a fluid that contains about 20% CO2, as much as 7% water, and the balance H2. Protects the fuel stack from being poisoned by the CO.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the sensor.
A foliar spray composed of fermentates of branched oligosaccharide-containing saccharides is new.    Also claimed is the production of compost/manure by allowing the above foliar spray to act at the time of preparing compost/manure.    USE -   This spray is useful in crop culture and fruit growing.    ADVANTAGE -   This method enhances the fertilizing effect and the environmental safety of compost/manure.
NOVELTY - Used paper is cut into pieces and churned with an organic refuse to obtain a mixture. The paper pieces absorb moisture from the refuse. The mixture is used to proliferate microorganisms for decomposition at a suitable temperature, to obtain an organic compost.    USE -   For manufacture of organic compost (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The process provides an inexpensive and useful organic compost thereby enabling circulation of the ecosystem.
NOVELTY - Mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide is manufactured by reforming methanol in the presence of a catalyst. When the catalyst undergoes a predetermined degree of deterioration, a catalyst regenerating operation is performed by supplying air and the reforming process is continued using the reactivated catalyst.    USE -   For manufacturing hydrogen gas used for hydrogenation of organic compounds and in hydrogen fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The reforming method maintains the catalyst in highly active state and enables efficient reformation of methanol over a long time period.
NOVELTY - A microorganism is added to soil contaminated by organic halogen compound. The pH of the soil is adjusted to 5-9 by addition of microorganism.    USE -   For soil contaminated by organic halogen compound e.g. trichloroethylene.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not require any preliminary survey or test to determine existence of soil clay, indigenous microorganism. Performs depuration of soil and decomposes trichloroethylene efficiently when pH is within given limits.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse processing machine is provided with a detachable supply pipe (3) that slopes from the inlet (3a) to the outlet (3b). A cleaning unit (4) is provided through the pipe to clean the refuse adhering to walls of the processing tank (2). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The outlet (3b) of the pipe extends upto the central part of the treatment tank. The inlet (3a) of the pipe projects towards the outer side of the tank. A flow regulation unit (5) to adjust the flow rate of water sent for cleaning and an ejection time regulation unit (6) to adjust the time for sending water, are provided in the machine.    USE -   For organic refuse processing machine.    ADVANTAGE -   Sanitary features of the tank is improved by providing a cleaning unit in the tank. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of organic refuse processing machine. (2) Processing tank; (3) Detachable supply pipe; (3a) Inlet; (3b) Outlet; (4) Cleaning unit; (5) Flow regulation unit; (6) Ejection time regulation unit. (RA)
NOVELTY - The waste is treated in an acid fermenter (3), for removing high density impurities (4). The fermented liquid (5) is filtered and sent to a dehydrator (15). Clear liquid (8) is decomposed anaerobically and biogas (10) is generated. Supernatent liquor (11) is fedback to the acid fermenter (3).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Unprocessable waste materials like plastic, metal bags etc are removed in bag breaking apparatus (2) from organic waste (1).    USE -   For organic waste decomposition to produce biogas.    ADVANTAGE -   High level impurities are effectively removed. Preprocessing can be simplified. Maintenance is easy. Saves labor. Reduces number of processes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process drawing of the methane fermentation method. (1) Organic waste; (2) Bag breaking apparatus; (3) Acid fermenter; (4) High density impurities; (5) Fermented liquid; (6) Impurities separator; (9) Anaerobic digester; (10) Biogas; (11) Supernatent liquor.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a fermenter (1) performing fermentation of organic waste. An air intake duct (9) absorbs air inside the fermenter and a dehumidifier (10) with a cooling pipe (11) performs cooling of the absorbed air. A heat carrier circulation apparatus (15) circulates heat carrier through the cooling pipe and a thermosensor (18) detects the temperature of the cooling pipe based on which the apparatus is operated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus has a fermenter performing fermentation of organic waste. A heater (4) provided inside the fermenter heats it and the churning shaft (5) stirs the waste. An air intake duct absorbs air inside the fermenter and a dehumidifier with a cooling pipe performs cooling of the absorbed air. A heat carrier circulation apparatus circulates heat carrier through the cooling pipe and a thermosensor detects the temperature of the cooling pipe. A circulation fan (12) is provided to recycle air to the fermenter and a return air duct (13) is provided between the circulation fan and the fermenter.    USE -   For livestock waste, food processing waste, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste in the fermenter is prevented from becoming powdery and damage of the pipes is restrained. The dehumidification property of the waste is controlled effectively based on the thermosensor value. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the structure of organic waste processing apparatus. (1) Fermenter; (4) Heater; (5) Churning shaft; (9) Air intake duct; (10) Dehumidifier; (11) Cooling pipe; (12) Circulation fan; (13) Air return duct; (15) Heat carrier circulation apparatus; (18) Thermosensor.
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a fermenter (12) equipped with stirrers, to which air is blown through supply unit (15). The temperature and quantity of air blown in are controlled to maintain optimum moisture content and temperature for zymosis during fermentation.    USE -   For processing organic waste such as spirits dregs, bean curd lees, fish waste, organic sludge etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Suitable moisture content for zymosis is maintained in the apparatus, and aerobic fermentation is performed reliably. High speed fermentation is enabled at early stages of fermentation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the block diagram of temperature and air quantity control system. (12) Fermenter; (15) Air supply unit; (27) Temperature controller (heater); (29) Air flow control valve; (31) Weight detector (load cell).
NOVELTY - A hole for accommodation of garbage is made on the ground and a base plate is fixed on it. An opening for garbage insertion is made by penetrating the plate which can be closed by a lid. A cylinder protruding outside the base plate is provided in the upper portion of hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) abandonment pit excavator which is removably installed in the hole through a cylindrical guide casing to dig the accommodation hole; and (ii) garbage processing method, in which the lid is removed to open the hole and the garbage is injected to decompose naturally.    USE -   For decomposing garbage generated in home.    ADVANTAGE -   As the garbage is decomposed there is no need for a new hole and the process is easy. The end portion of hole is not collapsed and the opening surface is small so as efficient accommodation hole is excavated reliably and easily. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross section of garbage injection implement. Parts list: (1) Base plate; (2) Lid; (3) Accommodation hole; (4) Opening; (6) Cylinder.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has an upper inlet for supplying organic waste. Grinding is performed in a process chamber, and under the process chamber a motor is arranged whose shaft projects into the process chamber. Attached to the shaft, is a rotor whose movable blades rotate and grind the organic refuse. A stirrer rotated by the motor is also provided.    USE -   For organic waste processing apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is stirred and uniformly ground. The load of motor, labour and used water quantity are reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the front elevation of process chamber in waste grinding apparatus. Parts list: (5a,5b) Movable blade; (6a) Stirrer; (7a) Motor shaft; (52) Spring.
NOVELTY - The composite microorganism consists of mixture of photosynthetic bacterium which comprises Chromatium buderi, Amoebobacter roseus, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.    USE -   For decomposition and removal of fats and oil from grease trap of drainage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The fats and oil present in the drain in a grease trap are removed effectively by splitting the fat molecules. The collection of oil in grease trap is prevented. Environmental pollution is also prevented by this simple method.
NOVELTY - The concentration gradient of an attractant is adjusted to attract the microorganism, against the direction of flow of fresh water. The attracted microorganism decomposes the organic compound present in the fresh water.    USE -   For fresh water (claimed) such as underground water, soil.    ADVANTAGE -   The carrier and the attractant enables effective contact of microorganism and organic compound. Enables economical and effective decomposition of the organic compound which is collected in the container. The decomposition process does not require additive or inductors etc., which pollute the environment. Environmental recoverability is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the result of the example.
NOVELTY - The growth of Burkholderia cepecia 1A (FERM P- 15566) is promoted by growing it in the presence of a fixation carrier polystyrene.    USE -   In bioreactors for treatment of waste water (claimed) containing aromatic compounds like phenol (claimed) from petroleum refinery, chemical plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Effective decomposition of aromatic compounds without addition of nutritive salts is performed using Burkhol- deria cepecia having low nutrition requirement.
NOVELTY - Carbon nanotube device comprises a carbon nanotube bound at its root end to a conductive surface and surrounded at its root end by a wall.    USE - As an electron emitting device (claimed) for a display device, CRT etc; or as a quantum effect device, micro-machine, bio-device or as an atomic force microscope probe or scanning type tunnel microscope probe.    ADVANTAGE - The device has high directivity and provides high electron emission.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A carbon nanotube device comprises a carbon nanotube bounded at one end to a conductive substrate, the root of the nanotube where it is bounded to the substrate being surrounded by a wall. Preferably the nanotube is grown from a catalyst particle deposited on the conductive substrate which is in direct conductive contact with the substrate, or forms a tunnel junction with the substrate via an insulating layer. Method for forming the device comprises: forming carbon nanotube binding sites isolated from each other by walls on a conductive substrate; and growing the nanotubes at the sites.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a carbon nanotube device of the invention.    Support substrate (20)    Conductive surface layer (21)    Catalytic fine particle (23)    Carbon nanotube (24)    Wall surrounding the root of the nanotube (22)
NOVELTY - A working fluid for refrigerating cycle equipment comprises a halogen-free 2-4C hydrocarbon and an ester-type lubricant which is incompatible with the hydrocarbon.    USE - As a refrigeration oil (claimed) and working fluid for compression type refrigerating cycle equipment    ADVANTAGE - Problems of ozone layer damage and greenhouse effects with halogen compounds are avoided and the material is safe if leakage occurs. The weight of refrigerant is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) refrigerating cycle equipment using the fluid above;    (b) use of a refrigeration oil as above in a working fluid as above; and    (c) the fluid is obtained by reacting a cyclic ether of formula (VII) with carbon dioxide in the presence of tetraalkylammonium catalyst, removing the catalyst by washing and drying and removing residual ether.    R5, R6 = H or Me;    R7 = bond, -CH2O-, -CH2O(CH2CH2O)p-(CH2CHCH3O)q or CH2O(COO-(CH2CH2O)p)r-(COO-(CH2CHCH3O)q)s-;    p, q = 0-3, and are not both 0;    r, s = 0-2, and are not both 0;    A = H or alcohol residue of hydric value beta;    alpha = 0-2; and    beta = 0-4.
NOVELTY - A catalyst used in the transformation reactions of organic compounds comprise a support, a metal of group VIII and an additional element M chosen from germanium, tin, lead, rhenium, gallium, indium, gold, silver and thallium. The incorporation of the element M in the catalyst is carried out by dissolving an organometallic compound comprising an M-carbon bond in an aqueous solvent.    USE - For transformation reactions of organic compounds, for dehydrogenation reaction of saturated aliphatic compounds in the corresponding olefin hydrocarbons and for dehydrogenation reaction of saturated aliphatic compounds 3-4C in the corresponding olefin hydrocarbons.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst is prepared by:    (1) impregnating the support with an aqueous or organic solution of at least a metal of group VIII, filtering, drying, calcining in air and reducing under hydrogen at 20-600 degrees C, preferably 90-500 degrees C; and    (2) impregnating the resulting product by an aqueous solution of the additional element M, filtering, drying, reducing and calcining.    In the preparation of the catalyst, the support is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a compound of the element M, the volume of the aqueous solution being equal or greater than the retention volume of the support. The concentration of M in the aqueous solution of pH 10-14, preferably 10-12, is 0.01-25 mmol/l or 0.5-15 mmol. It is introduced during the elaboration of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - The composter is fitted with netting, an axle with 2 welded flanges, legs forming a stand, 2 endplates, 2 crank handles, 2 cross pieces and n insulating/solar plates.    USE - As a garden compost maker    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is easily assembled and dismantled and can operate completely automatically. The heat and moisture level can be regulated and the compost can be sieved out.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a diagrammatic illustration of the apparatus of the invention    netting (1,2)    axle (3)    flange (6)    endplate (7)
NOVELTY - An oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, palladium and at least two other elements, e.g. vanadium, niobium, antimony and calcium, is used for the selective production of acetic acid from a mixture of ethane and/or ethylene and oxygen.    USE - For the production of acetic acid.    ADVANTAGE - Enables oxidation of ethane and/or ethylene to acetic acid under the mildest possible conditions with high selectivity and high space-time yields.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for the selective production of acetic acid from a gaseous feed containing ethane and/or ethylene and oxygen, at elevated temperatures, comprises contacting the gas mixture with a catalyst containing molybdenum, palladium and other elements (X,Y), in a ratio: MoaPdbXcYd (I), and in combination with oxygen.    X = Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and/or W;    Y = B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Tl and/or U;    a = 1;    b = 0.0001-0.01;    c = 0.4-1;    d = 0.005-1.    The space-time yield for oxidation to acetic acid is at least 150 kg/hour/m3.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a selective oxidation catalyst.
A multibacterial, organic and inorganic fertilizer special to tobacco comprises comprehensive bacteria, organic fertilizer (69%), inorganic fertilizer (31%) and auxiliary material. This is prepared by culturing bacterial strains in liquid culture medium, mixing it with organic fertilizer and auxiliary material, fermenting, mixing with inorganic fertilizer and granulating.    ADVANTAGE -   The fertilizer has a high ratio of Nitrogen: Phosphorus : Potassium (higher than 4.5: 4.5 : 9), the number of active bacteria is greater than 0.35 billion/g, and complete nutrients (the total amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, organics and amino acids) is greater than 48%.
An automatic separation technique for domestic waste comprises: (a) freezing to prevent the garbage from decomposing and fermenting; (b) class-one sieving; (c) class-2 sieving with vibration; (d) breaking and suction to separate light substance and fine substance respectively out for further treatments and to pass the residual to next step and (e) class-3 separation with rolling, stirring and friction in water to separate deposited and floated substances respectively out for further treatments and to pass suspended and dissolved substances into a methane-generating pit.    ADVANTAGE -   The technique has a 100% utilization rate.
A spray for refreshing oral cavity is prepared from isobutyne as spraying agent, alcohol solution as solvent, glycerin as wetting agent, benzenemethanol as antiphlogistic, menthol as cooling agonist, ethyl decanoate and clove powder as essence, and sweetening agent through mixing and pneumatically loading isobutyne into can. It can remove odour from oral cavities.
NOVELTY - Appts. for generating electrical power comprises tubular solid oxide fuel cells in reaction chamber, 1st and 2nd gases inlet path to supply, exhaust gases outlet path, and power collection. A baffle wall divides the reaction chamber from the exhaust gases outlet path, where the tubular cells extend through apertures in the baffle wall into the exhaust gases outlet path. The tubular fuel cell is held only at the end mounted in the manifold block.    USE - For the generation of electrical power, and devices which incorporate solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - None found.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cells are based on an yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte, the insulator is a glass ceramic material and the manifold block is a ferritic stainless steel. .
NOVELTY - A diamond product comprises a first diamond layer deposited by chemical vapor deposition and a second diamond layer adhering to the first. The second layer contains damage resulting from ions traversing it.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Current attempts at forming a mosaic of seed crystals have concentrated on forming a thin layer of diamond (less than 1 micron thick) obtained from bulk seed crystals and then mosaicing a substrate with these thin seeds. However, the seed are only useful in one film growth since they are incorporated into the film. The new process is cheaper.
NOVELTY - System to control pressure of a flow (4) of supercritical fluid has a sensor (3) to monitor pressure and to provide corresponding signals to an electronic unit (1). This unit controls operation of a pressure regulator (6), which is supplied with air from a source (9) and feeds (8) the pump (7) providing the supercritical fluid. Pump (7) is cooled during operation.    USE - In chromatography investigations and extraction processes US5269930.    ADVANTAGE - The close control of pressure allows reliable examination of complex mixtures, e.g. by enabling precise ramping of extraction pressures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a representation of a preferred embodiment of the system.    Electronic control unit (1)    Pressure sensor (3)    Supercritical fluid from pump (4)    Electropneumatic pressure regulator (6)    Air-driven pump (7)    Controlled air feed to pump (8)    Air compressor (9)
NOVELTY - A gas flow path is equipped with main water inlet through which cooling water is supplied. Water is supplied among a fuel gas flow path and oxidizing agent gas flow path.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery has a fuel gas and oxidizing gas flow paths distributed on both the sides of membrane electrode contact body. The contact body joins a catalyst layer to main surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane (1) forms a multi-layered cell by several laminating single cells. The single cells are formed by pinching at separators (2,2A) from the gas impermeable material. The oxidant gas containing oxygen or fuel gas containing hydrogen is supplied for generating electricity using an electrochemical reaction. The battery is maintained at predetermined temperature with cooling water which flows in a cooling circuit formed by partition of the single cell with the separator.    USE -   In solid polymers electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte film is maintained at a predetermined moist state by simple structure. The dimension and the weight of fuel battery multilayer body are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates sectional drawing of the basic structure of fuel supply arrangement of the fuel battery. (1) Electrolyte film; (2,2A) Separators.
NOVELTY - The thermoplastic metal composite is subjected to combustion in a furnace (11) in the presence of inert gas or super heated steam followed by distillation in the absence of oxygen in a dry distillation reactor (1). The recovered metal (lead tungstate) is cooled in a cooling water tank (33) and the collected plastic is ground and supplied to the dry distillation reactor for recycling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing apparatus of thermoplastic metal composite. A cylindrical chamber (3) for receiving refuse is provided in a dry distillation reactor. A heat source conduit (9) having a blow-off nozzle (10) is attached to the chamber which also has the combustion furnace. An aperture (4) for dripping fused plastic in the cooling water tank is also provided at the lower end of the chamber. The cooled plastic is extracted and reinjected into the combustion furnace by an ejection line (37).    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Ejection of waste water from the apparatus is prevented and effective processing is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the processing apparatus of the thermoplastic metal composite. (1) Dry distillation reactor; (3) Refuse receipt chamber; (4) Aperture; (9) Heat source conduit; (10) Blow-off nozzle; (33) Water tank; (37) Ejection line.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a separator receiving cooled natural feed gas stream, and dividing it into upper vapor, and lower liquid streams. A divider connected to the separator divides the vapor into three streams. A distiller provides a bottom ethane product stream, and an upper methane residue gas stream. The distiller further receives the first vapor stream from the separator. A fractionator receives second and third vapor streams and separates vapor from them, providing a bottom stream as a top reflux to the distiller.    USE - For recovery of ethane, and possibly also heavier hydrocarbon components from natural gas, thus generating a gas stream consisting primarily of methane.    ADVANTAGE - The ethane recovery is increased up to about 99% with no increases in plant residue compression horse power. Alternately, the process could achieve a 96% ethane recovery with approximately 10% reduction of residue gas compression horsepower. This gives cost savings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A heat exchanger is connected to the separator for cooling the third vapor stream prior to the fractionator. A compressor is located downstream from the distiller for compressing the upper methane residue gas stream. The distiller comprises a de-methanizer, and the fractionator comprises an absorber. A heat exchanger is used for cooling the natural gas feed stream, and for warming the upper methane residue gas stream. Several heat exchangers warm the upper methane residue gas stream.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method in an ethane recovery process using the described apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic layout.    separator (15)    de-methanizer (20)    fractionation column (21)    expander (22)    heat exchangers (32,46,54)
NOVELTY - The system delivers cryogenic gas at a high pressure from a supply of cryogenic liquid maintained at a low pressure in a bulk tank (10). The bulk tank supplies liquid to at least one transfer tank (14) which is pressurized by connection to a pressure building tank containing gas at a high pressure. A heat exchanger (18) is connected in circuit between the transfer tank and the pressure building tank.    USE - In the supply of high pressure cryogenic fluid from a low pressure cryogenic liquid storage tank used in, for example, laser welding and cutting and metal powder production.    ADVANTAGE - The system can utilize existing low pressure cryogenic storage containers while supplying cryogenic fluids at higher pressures. The system can increase the pressure of cryogenic liquids and control the pressure in the bulk tank without the need for high pressure pumps or compressors and does not require venting.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transfer tank provides liquid at a high pressure to the heat exchanger so that a vapor is produced. This vapor is fed to the pressure building tank so that the high pressure therein is maintained. An INDEPENDENT claim is also included for a method of pressurizing cryogenic liquid stored in a low pressure bulk storage tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the delivery system.    low pressure bulk storage tank (10)    transfer tank (14)    pressure building tank (16)    heat exchanger (18)    vaporizer (22)    high pressure gas storage tank (24)    valves (34,82)    mixer nozzles (88)    diffuser chamber (90)    .
NOVELTY - Solid urban organic waste and green organic waste is mixed with beet molasses during composting to raise the nitrogen content to the level required for organic fertilizers.    USE - For organic fertilizers for agricultural use.    ADVANTAGE - The process can be used to treat urban organic waste and garden waste for which it is becoming increasing difficult to find suitable dumping sites, and yields a composted product with a sufficiently high nitrogen content to be officially designated as 'Organic Fertilizer'.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for preparing organic fertilizers from solid urban refuse, the organic fraction derived from this or green plant waste resulting from mowing, pruning of hedges and trees, etc., and untreated wood, comprises mixing the waste material with beet molasses. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included covering organic fertilizers produced by the process.
NOVELTY - The assembly (1) to degrade material into compost has an air-permeable container section (2) with a base (4). The container is stiffened to allow lifting and emptying by a crane. The opening, for material to be thrown in, covers the whole of the upper side (3) of the container section (2).    USE - The assembly is for the production of compost from communal household waste.    ADVANTAGE - The composting system can be placed at suitable locations, such as cemeteries, where a vehicle with a crane can empty it conveniently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a front view of the compost system, which can be opened from the bottom.    composting unit (1)    container section (2)    upper side (3)    base (4)
NOVELTY - Catalyst for alkylation of 2-5C olefins with iso-paraffins to produce a high-octane fuel additive consists of 0.02-0.50 wt.% finely-divided group VIII metal on a highly porous, ion-exchanged crystalline aluminum silicate.    USE - Used in the production of an additive, especially 8 carbon alkylate, for increasing the octane number of fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high selectivity for 8 carbon alkylate and retains its activity for long operating periods.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalyst for alkylation of 2-5C olefins with iso-paraffins to produce a high-octane fuel additive consists of 0.02-0.50 wt.% finely-divided group VIII metal (with respect to the total weight of catalyst without support) on a highly porous, ion-exchanged crystalline aluminum silicate with composition of formula (I);    REaMbNac((Al1Six)O2(1+x)).yH2O (I)    RE = lanthanum or a lanthanide except cerium;    M = an alkaline earth metal;    a = 0.10-0.30;    b = 0.05-0.25;    c = 0.01-0.05;    x = 1.0-3.0;    y = 3.0-5.0    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) the alkylation process; and (b) the production of the catalyst.
NOVELTY - In a process to treat especially biodegradable municipal waste, the waste is sorted and classified and then subjected to the appropriate biological process. The process is applied within the compartmentalized hold of a ship which has been modified for the process, and which is anchored either in a harbor, river or coastal location esp. close to the source of the waste.    USE - Waste treatment plant making use esp. of aged compartmentalized merchant ships which have become unsuitable for their original purpose e.g. tankers or bulk carriers, and are modified for the new application.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a ship frees expensive land in or near town centers for more profitable use, and may provide a worthwhile use for disused docklands.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional schematic side view of a compartmentalized ship with modified holds.
NOVELTY - A composting methane gas generator is a self supporting structure of integrated modular construction. The generator has a housing (21), a U-shaped tank (3) for the raw material, a heat exchanger, a tank (3) feed unit, and a gas outlet. Gas is collected under a foil and fed to the outlet.    USE - Methane gas generator for e.g. agricultural use.    ADVANTAGE - The modular construction reduces the cost and simplifies manufacture, transport, and installation. Following charging with raw material, the reactor is inoculated with a starter culture and is then ready for immediate operation. The modular assembly can be disassembled if required and sold on to another user.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side-view of the modular installation.
NOVELTY - Process for treating acid water comprises raising the alkalinity of an aqueous component using algae, separating the algae and adding the obtained purified alkaline aqueous component to acid water to raise its pH.    USE - The process is especially useful for treating heavy metal laden acidic mine drainage or effluent.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the algae-treated water avoids the costs associated with alkaline chemicals such as lime or caustic soda. The process does not cause any increase in cations present as the material is biologically generated. The process is self-sustained as the algae are removed before contact with the effluent. This avoids any possible kill-off of the algae by heavy metals so that fresh algal biomass is not required.
NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is produced by conversion of light hydrocarbons, by partial oxidation with elemental O2 in an electric discharge plasma.    USE - For production of syngas containing also C2H4 and C2H2.    ADVANTAGE - Conversion is achieved with no production of soots, cokes or tars, from decomposition of feedstock, exceeding 0.5%. The only reactant required is water and/or O2. No conventional catalyst is required. The equipment is very compact. The chemical composition of the hydrocarbon mixture is not important for the method to be viable. The gliding discharges have no thermal inertia and therefore respond immediately to control signals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electric discharge plasma generates and maintains chemical reactions of partial or total conversion into a synthesis gas, possibly accompanied by unsaturated hydrocarbons produced in the same process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - (4) gliding arc plasma producer, (15a) discharge compartment, (15b) post-plasma compartment, (19) metal or ceramic body
NOVELTY - A mixture of a first supply of gaseous hydrocarbons and oxygen is combusted in a first stage to provide flame gases. The flame gases are then passed into a second stage. A second supply of gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen are injected into second stage. The flame gases then react with the second supply of gaseous hydrocarbon in second stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide.    USE - Producing reform gases to boost the reformed gas capacity of existing reformers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an increase in production of reduced iron when market conditions demand and cuts back to the original capacity of existing reformer when market conditions dictate a reduced output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for    a gas reformer for generating reformed gases which includes a burner (114) to combust a mixture of a first supply of gaseous hydrocarbons and oxygen in a first stage to produce combustion products and an elongated mixing tube (84) which provides a second stage (120) into which the combustion products are conveyed. An injector injects a mixture of a second supply of gaseous hydrocarbons and oxygen into second stage for reaction with combustion products of first stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an oxygen-fuel boost reformer installed in a reformed gas header.    Reformed gas header (8)    Reformer (80)    Reformed gas header wall (82)    Refractory lined mixing tube (84)    Outer tube (86)    Intermediate tube (88)    Inner tube (90)    First stage (118)    Second stage (120)
NOVELTY - An in situ validatable bioremediation method for sites contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and other hydrocarbons, using a microbial filter having an improved and enhanced longevity is new.    USE - The in situ microbial filter formed is useful at sites contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and other hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - The filter produced has an improved and enhanced longevity due to increased attachment and decreased detachment properties    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The bioremediation of contaminated ground water by cometabolic biodegradation using an emplaced microbial biofilter comprises:    (a) selecting a stable isolate of a bacterial strain having more pronounced metabolic characteristics towards the contaminant relative to a general pure strain of isolate, to be emplaced as the biofilter for the contaminant by biodegradation;    (b) cultivating the isolate to a cell biomass having increased longevity by increasing the attachment and decreasing the detachment rate of the biofilter by supplementing a culture medium with additives;    (c) emplacing the biofilter at a contamination site, and    (d) extracting the ground water through the biofilter.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the growth of an isolate pregrown on a nitrate minimal salt medium lacking copper to a cell biomass having a density necessary to biodegrade the contaminant for 8 weeks or more. The cell biomass is emplaced as the biofilter by suspension in a loading buffer or injection medium substituted with additives or supplemented with magnesium salts, ferrous salts and agar.
NOVELTY - Uses catalyst system with differentiated acid properties to improve activity and selectivity to gasoline range products.    USE - For use in catalytic reforming of paraffinic feedstocks, especially raffinate from aromatics extraction, to gasoline range products.    ADVANTAGE - Has improved activity, selectivity and yield for gasoline range products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The catalyst system comprises: (a) first particles of a catalytic composite comprising a non-acidic large-pore zeolite and a platinum-group metal component and (b) second acidic particles consisting of refractory inorganic oxides with the absence of platinum-group metal.
NOVELTY - Uses Group VA metal or metal oxide promoted catalyst to increase conversion of saturated hydrocarbons to olefins.    USE - For conversion of saturated hydrocarbons, preferably aliphatic hydrocarbons, to olefins.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst has high activity and selectivity and provides good yield of olefins.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for (a) the preparation of the catalyst composition and (b) conversion of saturated hydrocarbon to olefin.
NOVELTY - The disk (24) of the gas distributor (20) is rotated by contact of oxidation gas with a wing (25). The oxidation gas is spreaded in the space between the disk and the oxidation gas passageway (70). The gas is passed to the single cell through a hole (23) and branch pipes (71-74). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxidation gas is supplied to a gas distributor through an oxidation gas passageway (70). The gas distributor has a rotary shutter (22) that has the disk and the wing (25) . The ratio of gas allocation to each single cell is adjusted.    USE -   For fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates discharge of condensed water produced in gas passageway. Prevents occlusion of gas passageway by condensed water. Improves amount of power generation in each cell by regulating quantity of gas supplied. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts explanatory drawing showing the outline of structure of gas distributor. (20) Gas distributor; (22) Rotary shutter; (23) Hole; (70) Oxidation gas passageway; (71-74) Branch pipes.
NOVELTY - Between single cells (10, 20) and separators (14, 15, 24, 25), fuel flow paths (14a, 24a) and oxidizing agent flow paths (15a, 25a) are provided. The flow direction of fuel flow path (14a) and oxidizing agent flow path (15a) of cell (10) oppose each other. The flow direction of fuel flow path (24a) and that of oxidizing agent flow path (25a) of cell (20) are in a parallel direction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Separators (14, 15, 24, 25) are arranged on either sides of single cells (10, 20) formed by arranging fuel pole layers (12, 22) and oxidizing agent pole layers (13, 23) on both sides of electrolyte layers (11, 21).    USE -   In molten carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Cooling efficiency of entire fuel battery is increased sufficiently. As temperature distribution in fuel battery is equalized, reduction of power for cooling, and equalization of current density distribution is attained. Thus, electricity generation efficiency of fuel battery is raised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded isometric view of multilayered cell structure of fuel battery. (10, 20) Single cells; (11, 21) Electrolyte layers; (12, 22) Fuel pole layers; (13, 23) Oxidizing agent pole layers; (14, 15, 24, 25) Separator; (14a, 24a) Fuel flow path; (15a, 25a) Oxidizing agent flow path.
NOVELTY - A modified gas formation device is contained in a housing (100) which is provided with air vent (101), through which an air mixture is collected. The collected air is partially oxidized, using a heated gas and the partially oxidized air, forming a modified gas (which essentially consists of hydrogen), by steam reformation. The gas is supplied to fuel pole, for generation of electricity.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The piping systems are simplified since the modified gas formation device and the oxidation reactor are present in the housing. The temperatures of the modified gas formation device and the oxidation reactor are easily elevated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective diagram of the fuel battery system. (100) Housing; (101) Air vent; (120) Carbonmonoxide conversion unit.
NOVELTY - A container (21) storing fuel battery (20) generates electricity using cathode gas containing oxygen and anode gas containing hydrogen. Anode waste gas ejected from anode and cathode waste gas ejected from the cathode are burnt. A carbon dioxide recycle line (7) supplies combustion gas from a modifier (22) to a cathode (C).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas emission line (16) connected to the CO2 recycle line (7) exhausts residual gas via cooler (50), cut-off valve (52) and flow control valve (54). A purge gas line (15) is connected between a container (21) via a gas blower (38) and junction points of cut-off valve and a cooler (50) via a steam separator (37). The cooler is connected to CO2 recycle line.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   As residual gas in plant during emergency shut down was cooled, and cut-off valve and flow control valve are made into low temperature, usage of hot waste gas discharge valve is avoided. As procurement expense of these valves is reduced, plant cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery electricity generator device. (7) Carbon dioxide recycle line; (15) Purge gas line; (20) Fuel battery; (21) Container; (22) Modifier; (37) Steam separator; (38) Gas blower; (50) Cooler; (52) Cut-off valve; (54) Flow control valve; (C) Cathode.
NOVELTY - Fuel battery (20) is accommodated in a container (21). Carbon dioxide recycling line (7) receives air from air line (8) and connected to modifier (22) that supplies combustion gas to the cathode. Vapor line (9) secures heating for anode. Purge gas line (14) branches from air line (8) and supplies purified gas to container (21).    USE -   For power generation using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers compact apparatus thereby reducing plant cost in turn simplifying operation. Improves plant efficiency by effective usage of remainder air of turbine compressor. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows entire block diagram of electric power generating device. (7) Recycling line; (8) Air line; (9) Vapor line; (14) Purge gas line; (20) Fuel battery; (21) Container; (22) Modifier.
NOVELTY - A drain pot (31) is installed between an electrical power generating device (3) and a sealing pot (10). Electricity power generating device consists of air feed pipe (2) and fuel feed pipe (4). The sealing pot removes water vapor in fuel side waste gas ejected from electrical power generating device.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Performance degradation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is prevented due to the prevention reverse flow of water into SOFC. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the electricity generating system with solid electrolyte fuel battery. (2) Air feed pipe; (3) Electrical power generating device; (4) Fuel feed pipe; (10) Sealing pot; (31) Drain pot.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte layer (2) and an electrode (3) are sequentially formed on a cylindrical base material (1). Corresponding to another electrode position provided in base material, a supply path (6) is guided into a gas spillway (7). End portions of gas spillway and supply path, reach the curved surface of base material. An interconnector (4) connects single cells together. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for solid electrolyte fuel battery manufacturing method.    USE -   For solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electricity which passes across horizontal direction of air polar layer of base material, is increased. Equalization of density of gas of spillway can be achieved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the fuel battery. (1) Cylindrical base material; (2) Electrolyte layer; (3) Electrode; (4) Interconnector; (6) Supply path; (7) Spillway.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery has a mixture gas path (20) along which a gaseous mixture is supplied to the waste gas containing carbon-dioxide generated in a thermal power station. The gaseous mixture is preheated and supplied to cathode side of a fuel battery (11). Waste gas from the anode side is not re- circulated and the atmospheric air is released.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Uses molten carbonate fuel battery and steam power generating installation. The electricity generation output is raised as amount of CO2 generation is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram explains the structure of the fuel battery. (11) Fuel battery; (20) Mixture gas path.
NOVELTY - A carbon dioxide recycle line (3) circulates the combustion gas of a modifier (22) with a blower (32) and sends along with supply of air to the cathode (C) of a fuel battery (20). An exhaust gas utilization line (6) supplies the cathode waste gas from the cathode (C) to a turbine drive unit (26) formed in the blower of the carbon dioxide recycle line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel battery generates electric power from a cathode gas containing oxygen and an anode gas containing hydrogen. The cathode waste gas and the anode waste gas ejected from the cathode and the anode (A) of the fuel battery are burnt in a modifier (22). The heating gas containing water vapor with the modifying heat of the modifier is supplied to the anode and used as an anode gas.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The energy recovery efficiency improves since the direct drive of a carbon dioxide recycle blower is performed by an expander turbine actuated by the cathode waste gas. The generator for blower, a reducer, a control panel becomes unnecessary. A cost reduction becomes possible. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the entire block diagram of a fuel battery electrical power generation device. (3) Carbon dioxide recycle line; (6) Exhaust gas utilization line; (20) Fuel battery; (22) Modifier; (26) Turbine drive unit; (32) Blower.
NOVELTY - Fly powder (9) obtained by konjac refinement is added to pulp slag incineration ashes and growth material to form admixture base material. The base material mixed with seed (10) and coating fertilizer (11) is supplied to a mortar spraying machine (15). Water is added by nozzle (17) and the mixture is sprayed on the base to form a layer on the surface of a slope (1). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - About 10-15% of readymade sludge compost (6) with pulp slag incineration ashes (7) having carbon is mixed with growth material (8) comprising pulverizing vegetable and tree wastes.    USE -   For vegetables.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces cost of sewage management by avoiding automatised fermentation digestion process. The absorption of heavy metal and defluxion is prevented. Avoids deterioration of slope formed and improves spraying operation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional chart of the first greening base layer. (1) Surface of slope; (6) Readymade sludge compost; (7) Incineration ashes of pulp slag; (8) Growth material; (9) Fly powder from konjac; (10) Seed; (11) Coating fertilizer; (15) Mortar spraying machine; (17) Nozzle.
NOVELTY - The sludge fuel (10) contains dewatered sludge which is wrapped using a plastic sheet. The plastic sheet is formed by melting and molding a waste plastic. The solid fuel of required dimension is formed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are also included for the following:the sludge fuel manufacturing method; manufacturing apparatus for sludge fuel    USE -   Is used as an energy source.    ADVANTAGE -   The sludge fuel does not crumble and has improved preservation and conveyance properties.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The figure explains the outline of sludge fuel. (10) Sludge fuel.
NOVELTY - Plastics are subjected to thermolysis in the presence of a primary activated carbon catalyst layer (R). In the presence of a secondary catalyst (G), the thermolysis gas generated is converted into a hydrocarbon gas having a low molecular weight which is subsequently cooled and liquefied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the apparatus for plastic decomposition. Plastics are dissolved in the thermolysis tank (22) containing the primary activated carbon catalyst layer. The thermolysis gas generated is distributed in the secondary catalyst tower (25) containing activated carbon and is converted into a hydrocarbon gas which is condensed. In the reflux device (26) and the oil stripping section, the condensate is cooled and then liquefied.    USE -   Disposal of plastic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Kerosene or light oil phase is easily produced. Thermolysis of plastics is performed efficiently. Attachment of scum to inner wall of the thermolysis tank is reduced and hence saves labour for maintenance. The thermal efficiency of the catalytic reaction is improved. Running cost of the process is reduced with increase in economical efficiency. Used catalyst is easily disposable by incineration process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The figure is a sectional view of the apparatus for plastic decomposition. (22) Thermolysis tank; (25) Secondary catalyst tower; (26) Reflux device; (R) Primary catalyst layer; (G) Secondary catalyst layer.
NOVELTY - A protective wall (2) has an opening (4) at its lower end through which air enters. Thermosensitive sensors are arranged at different positions (5) for controlling temperature within 200-300 degrees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Inflammable charcoal, agricultural waste are filled with twigs, leaf weeds soil and enclosed in a combustion slot (3) of large width and depth at the lower end of the slope (1) of the land.    USE -   For inflammable charcoal, agricultural waste e.g. straw.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces amount of air used for low temperature combustion using opening in protective wall. Reduces pollution caused by smoke, carbon-dioxide, ashes and other impurities. prevents harm to marine living organisms like fish, shell fish. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts a perspective view of a sketch of a land slope. (1) Slope of land; (2) Protective wall; (3) combustion slot; (4) Opening; (5) Thermosensitive sensors.
NOVELTY - An atomization formation discharge unit forms a screen at upper section of an organic refuse treatment tank or waste liquid treatment tank by atomizing water or a deodorizing agent. The barrier formed due to atomization prevents release passage of waste gas such as carbon dioxide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic refuse treatment tank is connected with kitchen sink through an organic refuse insertion opening. A bubbling unit supplies oxygen into an agitator unit that churns liquid organic refuse and liquid at the liquid phase system of organic refuse treatment tank to perform breeding activation with microbe.    USE -   For processing organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus improves the kitchen environment and the decomposition of liquid organic refuse does not involve release of bad smell. There is no feed by cockroach or fly on organic refuse as it is in liquid phase and therefore prevents danger of food poisoning. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows vertical section front elevation outline of organic refuse processing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Kitchen sink; (3) Organic refuse insertion opening; (4) Organic refuse treatment tank; (7) Agitator unit; (12) Bubbling unit; (17) Discharge unit; (20) Waste liquid treatment tank.
NOVELTY - Organic waste (1) selectively chosen at a preprocessing unit (2) is subjected to a souring process at an acid fermenter (4). A section of the solubilization liquid (14) from the acid fermenter is injected into a denitrification unit (13) where denitrification is done with supernatent liquid effluent (12) from a dehydration unit (10).    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables easy denitrification of anaerobic liquid of organic waste efficiently and use of methanol is avoided. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram gives layout of the processing method. (1) Organic waste; (2) Preprocessing unit; (4) Acid fermenter; (10) Dehydration unit; (12) Supernatent liquid effluent; (13) Denitrification unit; (14) Solubilization liquid. (RA)
NOVELTY - A waste oil tank (4) and a processing tank (2) with a pair of wasted oil introducing units and a stirring mechanism (3) are arranged in the processor. The waste oil is supplied to the oil tank either continuously or intermittenly.    USE -   For organic waste from residences and restaurants.    ADVANTAGE -   Processes raw refuse and waste oil reliably, thereby reducing discarding time. Uses paper or absorbing agent to adsorb waste oil, thereby reduces refuse and detrimental economical effects. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of processing tank. (2) Processing tank; (3) Stirring wing; (4) Wasted oil tank.
NOVELTY - Separation and/or recovery of gases is effected by multistage, simultaneous separation of gas and/or gas vapor mixtures in the membrane separating device.    USE - Used for separation and/or recovery of gases.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy requirements. The process is applicable where the gases/vapors to be separated are very small molar concentrations in the mixture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for separation and/or recovery of gases from gas and/or gas vapor mixtures is effected by means of a membrane separating device to which the gas and/or gas vapor mixture is supplied. The process involves a multistage, simultaneous separation of e.g. gas and/or gas vapor mixtures in the membrane separating device, by two different membrane types, one type is at least one organophilic membrane, and combined with at least one glassy membrane. The organophilic membrane separates the gas and/or gas vapor mixture into a pressure-reduced permeate enriched with condensable gas(es)/gas vapors and a retentate enriched with gas(es) of small kinetic diameter at the same pressure set of the inlet end of the organophilic membrane unit(s). The glassy membrane units separates retentate from the organophilic membrane unit(s) in the separating device into a pressure-reduced permeate enriched with gas(es) of small kinetic diameter and a retentate enriched with condensable gas(es)/vapors at the same pressure set at the inlet end of the glassy membrane unit(s).
NOVELTY - The mixer vessel (3) also incorporates a mixer machine (5). The control unit (12) is loaded with a range of programs to control the filling, homogenization and emptying of the mixer vessel (3).    USE - Arrangement for automatic operation of a methane gas generator using esp. animal slurry.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement works with the minimum of interruption and requires little operator supervision.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An arrangement to generate gas from animal slurry has a holding tank for the slurry, a fermenter and a heater and/or an associated local power station. The arrangement further has means (2) by which the slurry is moved from the holding tank to the fermenter, fermenter additives as required, and a gas pipe from the fermenter to the heater and/or local power station. The arrangement further incorporates esp. a mixer tank (3) resting on a weighing unit (4) which determines the weight of tank with contents. A control unit (12) regulates the addition ingredients in the correct ratio by weight to achieve the desired mix.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a general arrangement for the gas generator with esp. a weight (4) -controlled mechanical mixer (3, 5) with automatic controls.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen is recovered from treating household waste, straw and used and soft wood.    USE - For recovering hydrogen from treating household waste, straw and used and soft wood.    ADVANTAGE - Maximum hydrogen energy recovery is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A homogenized waste stream is added to a composter and heated to a temperature of up to 75o C with addition of air. The material produced having a residual moisture content of up to 15% is removed by sieving into coarse and fine material, the fine material being pressed to briquettes and the coarse material separated into a heavy and a light fraction. The heavy fraction is decomposed into its components and evaluated. The light fraction is fed with the briquettes and other organic materials to a gasifier, and a quencher, and gasified with oxygen at 1550o C to crude gas containing CO/H2. The crude gas is drawn through a heated bed in a separate cracking reactor with addition of oxygen at a temperature of 1200-1300o C, and then subjected to CO conversion. The hydrogen is removed using a membrane or molecular sieve. The residual gas consisting mainly of CO2 is dried and fed as cooling gas to the gasifier.
NOVELTY - A high-resolution infra red camera is employed. Its narrow-band spectral filter is adjusted for transmission of specific absorption lines of the gas to be detected. A halogen lamp actively illuminates the site of investigation, which is backed by an infra red reflector    USE - To visualize specific gas distributions, and especially to detect natural gas leakage.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment makes leaks visible. Precautions against inclement weather are advised, e.g. in the case of wind and rain. Small gas quantities are said to be detectable. Three pertinent references are included.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: To increase gas detection sensitivity, the gas distribution is located between the reflector and the camera. The camera is equilibrated with the illuminated reflector, such that parts of the scene which remain constant over time, do not contribute to picture contrast. For further enhancement of sensitivity, a diffuse infra red reflector is employed. This comprises e.g. an anodized aluminum panel. A measuring location is set up and equipped as described, to detect methane leaks from natural gas lines.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The observation set-up is portrayed, in this example using the ground itself as a diffuse backing reflector, when looking for leaking gas.
A method for measuring the greenhouse gas amount exhausted from farmland in a year includes such technological steps as manufacturing enclosed gas collecting case and its base stand, collecting gas, and measuring N2O and CH4 by gas-phase chromatography.    USE -   The measured result can be used to direct agricultural production and reduce environmental pollution.
A compound organic biologic fertilizer, made from urban living garbage, including raw material through screening to remove impurities such as brick, tile, and stone, fermentation with steam and oxygen, baking, pulverization, addition of N, P, K and trace elements as required, inoculating azotobacter and P and K decomposing bacteria, granulating, and low-temp baking. Its advantages include purifying environment.
NOVELTY - In an arrangement to render a heap of composted matter hygienic, the decayed matter is placed in a gas tight container (8) into which boiler (1) steam is introduced. When the rotting mass has been saturated by steam, the required hygiene-creating temperature is maintained by the introduction of process raw air (5) together with fresh as required, both being mixed into the composted matter. A temperature sensor (15) is located in the container (8) air outlet (9). A further air temperature sensor (15') is installed in the raw air inlet (7). The temperature sensors are linked to a computer (16) which calculates, and controls the correct ratio of steam saturated air and incoming ambient air, process raw air, and the subsequent drying and cooling processes. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows a schematic arrangement of a suitable steam-heated plant.    USE -   Process to convert rotting or composted matter to a hygienic condition.    ADVANTAGE -   The assembly is suitable for immediate coupling to with a composting plant.
NOVELTY - A method for the purification of argon through simple steps with low energy consumption.    USE - Used for the purification of argon.    ADVANTAGE - Has low energy consumption.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Oxygen is added to argon gas containing nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and methane as impurities, and carbon monoxide is oxidized carbon dioxide in a carbon monoxide oxidation column (31) in the presence of a catalyst. Hydrogen is added to the argon gas, and oxygen is reacted with hydrogen in a deoxo column (33) in the presence of a catalyst to conduct conversion to water. The carbon dioxide and water are removed from the argon gas in a carbon removal/drying unit (50) using an adsorbent. The resultant argon gas is cooled in a main heat exchanger (60) or the like for liquefaction. The formed liquid is then introduced into a rectifying column (70), where rectification is conducted by using the reflux composed mainly of argon. Nitrogen-enriched argon gas is separated from a head (76) of the rectifying column, while methane-enriched liquid argon is separated from a bottom (77), and high-purity argon gas is recovered from a gas phase in a middle stage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The purification apparatus is shown. Parts list: (31) carbon monoxide oxidation column; (33) deoxo column; (50) carbon removal/drying unit; (60) main heat exchanger; (70) rectifying column; (76) head of the rectifying column; (77) bottom.
NOVELTY - 3-6 wt parts of lime is added to the scum of the fermentation waste liquid (obtained by alcoholic fermentation), to obtain a mixture. This mixture is stirred and the processed product is obtained by drying.    USE -   For fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic substance of the waste liquid is effectively used. Expense of raw material such as lime is reduced by stirring the waste liquid before adding calcined lime. Lime reacts homogeneously in the waste liquid, thus improving the reactivity. The drying is easier as less amount of processed product is formed. The processed product contains lime, which improves the quality of soil.
NOVELTY - The system is equipped with a mixture supply unit to supply a mixture of organic waste and moisture supplementing material to a mixer. The mixer consists of an electric rotator to perform uniform mixing of the organic matter by applying pressure and the supply of raw material is regulated to maintain required pressure on the rotator.    USE -   For mixing organic matter containing organic waste for manufacturing compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficient mixing of compost material is achieved using simple apparatus.
NOVELTY - A mixture of organic waste and moisture supplementing material is supplied to a receptacle which is heated to a predetermined temperature suitable for fermentation. Subsequently, the mixture is stirred under pressure.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Compost is produced efficiently due to effective heating and mixing of organic waste mixture.
NOVELTY - The compost matter is mixed by applying pressure and dried until the moisture content of the unfermented material is reduced below a predetermined value. Excessive drying of the composted material is prevented by controlled mixing of organic waste during the pressure-assisted mixing process.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The generation of bad odors during fermentation is prevented. The process enables adjustment of the moisture content in the organic waste, thereby promoting fermentation.
NOVELTY - The organic waste and supplementary materials are supplied to a mixture (C) equipped with a stirrer (N) which stirs and mixes the materials. The materials ejected from the mixture is stored in a storage tank (D). From this tank, the mixture is conveyed to a pressure kneader (E) which kneads and ferments the waste under pressurized condition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The stirrer is arranged at the top of the pressure kneader and are placed adjacent to the storage tank.    USE -   For fermenting waste materials.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat produced during kneading operation is utilized for fermentation.
NOVELTY - Organic waste material and supplementary materials are supplied into a mixing chamber in a specific ratio, by conveyors. The supply initiation timing of the supplementary materials is adjusted by a regulator with respect to the supply of organic waste materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Timing of the regulator is set up based on the timing of conveyance initiation of organic waste matter. If the set up time lapses, the conveyance timing of the supplementary material is adjusted. The storage chambers of the organic waste material and supplementary materials are placed at the adjacent sides of the mixing chamber. A kneading unit kneads the mixture under pressurized condition for fermentation.    USE -   For fermenting organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste and supplementary materials are conveyed separately into mixer with the help of conveyors, to manufacture homogeneous composite materials. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The diagram shows the structure involved in manufacturing compost. Parts list: (A1) Organic waste material, (B) Supplementary materials, (C) Mixing chamber, (E) Kneading unit, (G) Regulator, (H) Organic waste material, (J) Supplementary materials.
NOVELTY - Liquefied lactic acid bacterial metabolite and fine particles of soil effective microbe are mixed with sludge for carrying out quick decomposition of sludge.    USE -   For sludge of sewage treatment plant, industrial waste, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The method obtains good quality compost and reduces the bad smell generated during decomposition of industrial waste and sludge of sewage treatment plants.
NOVELTY - Vaporised oxygen and methanol are supplied to a layered catalyst (11,12) in a reactor (4). The activity of oxygen increases from supply side catalyst layer (11) towards the ejection side catalyst layer (12).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for hydrogen gas plant. The gas plant has a liquid oxygen supply source (1), liquid methanol supply source (2) and a heater (3) to vaporise liquid oxygen and methanol. The catalytic reaction of the vaporised oxygen and methanol is carried out in a reactor to form hydrogen gas.    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   A heat retention unit for the catalyst is unnecessary. The apparatus is simple and compact. The burning of hydrogen gas due to excessive heat is prevented and its invert ratio is increased considerably.
NOVELTY - Chaff and a saw dust are mixed in 1:1 volume ratio and an aerobic fermentation microbe is added to obtain spirit distillated waste liquid. 50-60% of moisture of the liquid is maintained by repeated stirring. Fermentation is performed at 50-80 C and moisture is removed by vaporization.    USE -   For manure, fertilizers and soil improvement material.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing is performed without the consumption of fuel or electric power, thereby enabling energy conversation. The environmental pollution is reduced since waste material is recycled and dumping of wastes in sea or land is avoided. Enables the manufacture of good quality manure.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse classifier and collector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Pulverizers (1-3) crush waste foods, which are conveyed to a screw liquid extractor (7) through conveyor (24) having conveyance pipes (4-6). The solid and liquid obtained from the screw extractor is collected separately in collectors (15-17) on a moving rack (14). A scrubber is provided in transport pipes to remove stuck waste particles.    USE -   For sorting of specific wastes e.g. vegetable, organic matter, fish, meat inorganic matter from industry, hotels, food-processing/manufacturing industries and domestic kitchens etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Specific wastes are collected exclusively and separately for various end-use applications e.g. fertilizer manufacture. Liquid and solid wastes are also collected separately. Effective cleaning inside the pipes prevents contamination between successive processes. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the process: (1-3) Pulverizers; (4-6) Conveyance pipes; (7) Screw liquid extractor; (14) Moving rack; (15-17) Collectors; (24) Conveyor. (RA)
NOVELTY - A vent (2a) is provided in the hood (2) of the tank (1) to release malodorous gas during the fermentation process. The vent opens only when the drive cylinder (21a) of the churning frame (21) and the axle (22a) of the sprocket (22) of the stirring apparatus contacts the cover that closes the opening. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The waste foul smelling gases ejected through the vent are sent to the deodorizer tank by air blowers and are then released to the atmosphere.    USE -   For industrial fermentation.    ADVANTAGE -   The foul gases are ejected immediately as soon as they are produced so that no dangerous chemical reactions take place in the tank.
NOVELTY - A self regulating heater (22) is fixed on the inside of a tank (15) where the organic refuse is decomposed by microorganism. A pump (24) removing by-product gases which are heated is set across the tank. A ventilation pipe (20) connects the tank and the pump for passing the gases, so that a part of it adjoins the heater.    USE -   For processing industrial organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Bad odors are removed by heating.
NOVELTY - The water content of the organic refuse entering from the inlet is separated using a strainer. Small amounts of organic refuse present in the drained water is digested by the microorganism dissolution chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gate between the refuse inlet and the microorganism digester, is opened after removing the water from the waste by pulling a control cable using a knob which is held by the user at one end and the gate is closed when the knob is released. The organic refuse is ground well before fermenting it by the microorganism in the microorganism dissolution chamber.    USE -   For processing organic refuse from kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic refuse is ejected from the kitchen in a biodegradable form and the separated water entering into the dissolution chamber is prevented by the gate. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The diagram illustrates the organic refuse processing apparatus. Parts list: (4) Strainer, (7) Gate, (31) Knob, (32) Control cable.
NOVELTY - A casing provided with stirrer and porous granular microorganism carrier in the bottom is fixed to ground through which oxygen is refilled to the microorganism carrier through ventilation tube for inducing reaction with aerobic microorganism to decompose the organic waste.    USE -   For processing apparatus used for industrial wastes, organic refuse, food processing industries, toilet wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic wastes are decomposed in a short time and efficiently at ambient temperatures. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional view of organic waste processing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Casing; (2) Stirrer; (5) Ground; (6) Ventilation tube; (B) Microorganism carrier.
NOVELTY - An organic refuse fermentation tank (3) is enclosed in an airtight chamber (10) in order to dry the refuse in the tank. A refrigeration cycle is formed in the airtight receptacle for alternate heating and cooling of the air inside for moisture removal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The compressor compresses the vaporized coolant which is then sent to a heater where the coolant is expanded and the heat release is used to heat the air in the airtight chamber. The condensed coolant is expanded further in the expansion valve and sent into a heat exchanger where the coolant is vaporized and the air is cooled by heat of vaporization. The condensed water is removed through the outlet (18) of the airtight chamber. The coolant is once again recirculated to the compressor through an outlet duct line (17). Sensors to detect the temperature, moisture content and humidity inside the airtight chamber are provided. A control is used to control the compressor, valve based on the signal given by the sensors.    USE -   For fermenting industrial organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Moisture is effectively removed from the refuse. Low running cost because of efficient performance is obtained. The temperature of the tank is maintained.
NOVELTY - The fermentation tank (9) containing the organic refuse has a freely rotating support, so that the tank is tilted to eject out moisture adjusting material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The freely rotating support is in turn provided with a lock member, stopper (13) that stops the tilting of the tank after a specific point and guide rail that facilitates easy tank rotation. A rotating control is also provided for the inclined tank at a particular angle. The organic refuse is ground and sent to the fermentation tank by a conveyor. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the refuse processing apparatus.    USE -   For industrial organic refuse fermentation.    ADVANTAGE -   The processed organic refuse is removed efficiently and safely. The process is inexpensive and the tank can be detached for repairing and cleaning.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse moisture adjustor material and the organic refuse are fed to the fermentation tank by an opening near the upper crater part of the tank. The stir vane stirs the mixture to enhance fermentation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mixture is sent in the direction of rotation of the stir vane. An opening for an exhaust air supply are provided for ventilation in the treatment tank. A controller is also provided for proper mixing of the moisture adjusting material and the organic refuse.    USE -   For fermenting industrial, domestic organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Proper mixing of the mixture is carried out and the mixture does not raise up to the inlet. The fermentation is carried out stably as proper ventilation is provided and the microorganisms are utilized effectively. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the fermentation apparatus. Parts list: (6) Fermentation tank, (13) Organic refuse moisture adjustor material, (14) Stir vane, (20) Opening, (C) Crater part.
NOVELTY - The presence of moisture content adjusting material in the organic refuse is detected by a moisture content sensor or by detecting the rotation number of the stir motor . An alarm device attached to the sensor sends warning signals to user and stops further operation of the refuse grinder (1) in the absence of moisture adjustment material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic refuse fermentation tank (2) has stir vanes to mix both the refuse and the moisture adjusting material. A conveyor is provided for transfer of organic refuse from the refuse grinder to fermentation tank. An alarm buzzer and alarm lamp is provided to warn the user of the absence of moisture adjusting material in the tank.    USE -   For industrial waste organic refuse treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   The operation is effective because of the moisture content sensor provision.
NOVELTY - The fermentation treatment tank has removable baffle plate at the bottom of the tank. When the baffle is removed, the fermented organic refuse drops into small drawer boxes connected in series below the tank.    USE -   For waste refuse treatment in industries.    ADVANTAGE -   The tank can be installed at lower positions and effectively removes refuse. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the extraction process for the fermentation apparatus. Parts list: (20) Fermentation treatment tank, (40) Drawer boxes, (41) Baffle plate.
NOVELTY - The wings (21,22) have sufficient space maintained between the ends (21a,22a). A projecting part (41) for breaking the lump, formed by the stirring action, is provided between the end points of the wings.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The disposer has an operation case in which a stir vane (4) comprising stir wings (21,22) is installed. The stir vane is rotated by a shaft (16) driven by an actuator (5). The stir wings are spirally designed in such a manner that one of the wings is rotated in counter clockwise direction to other wing.    USE -   For treating wastes such as vegetables, meals, fish, fruits from home, restaurant, business places.    ADVANTAGE -   The aerobic reaction process is improved and the bad smell is avoided, by breaking the lump with the help of the projection part.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an explanatory diagram of the garbage disposer. (4) Stir vane; (5) Actuator; (21,22) Stir wings; (21a,22a) Ends; (41) Projecting part.
NOVELTY - Base material for microorganism culturing is mixed with 500 g-1 kg/18 l of organic material, 200 g-1 kg/18 l of supplementary microbes (for low temperature fermentation) and a mixture of pH regulators and water (for performing zymosis in a weak basic medium). This mixture is stirred in a processing machine, in which fermentation of the decomposed organic refuse is performed.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing method enables optimum utilization of the raw materials. The generation of bad odors is suppressed. Enables indoor-installation of the processing machine.
NOVELTY - The equipment supplies oxygen to the microorganism carrier at the bottom of the waste disposal chamber embedded in the ground. The aerobes generated in the carrier effect decomposition of the organic waste matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic waste (2) is fed into a disposal chamber (1). The waste is decomposed into microsized porous grains in a microorganism carrier (4). The decomposed waste is disposed of into the ground through the opening at the bottom of the chamber.    USE -   For disposal of organic waste from food processing factories.    ADVANTAGE -   Operates effectively with lower power consumption and the microorganism carrier can be efficiently refilled with air. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a section through the processing equipment for disposal of organic waste. (1) Disposal chamber; (2) Organic waste; (4) Microorganism carrier.
A heat decomposition facility comprising a heat decomposition furnace (1) for decomposing organic matter by heat, a scraper (4) placed on the bottom of the heat decomposition furnace and a residue discharging portion (6) extended downward from the bottom of the heat decomposition furnace, wherein a residue take-out chamber (12) with the inside region can be substituted by inert gas is connected to the residue discharging portion through a closing unit (11) and a container positioning unit (14) for positioning a residue container (15) is provided in the residue take-out chamber. The residue container is moved by the container positioning unit to a position for receiving the heat decomposition residue discharged through the closing unit.    USE -   The facility is suitable for applying a heat decomposition process on waste organic matter such as waste plastic etc..    ADVANTAGE -   The heat decomposition residue can be charged in residue containers one by one efficiently.
NOVELTY - The microorganism belongs to the genus Hansenura polymorpha and has methanol utilizing ability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for composting of organic substances which involves adding the microorganism to an organic substance and allowing it to age.    USE -   To promote composting of organic substance e.g. organic refuse, sludge, livestock dung and agricultural waste (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Composting of organic substances is promoted efficiently. Composting time and cost are reduced. Generation of bad smells during compost formation is prevented.
NOVELTY - A door (33) is installed on a package (32) that covers a multilayered body (26). A fuel inlet manifold (30) and an oxidizing agent manifold are formed adjacent to the door. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel pole and an oxidizing agent pole are arranged opposite to each other. A single cell is laminated between the pair of poles. The fuel manifold which supplies or ejects heating gas is formed to the fuel pole.    USE -   Used for generation of electricity by electrochemical reaction.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables easy refilling of electrolyte by removing a part of package. Prevents leakage of electricity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric view electrochemical fuel battery. (26) Multilayered body; (30) Fuel inlet manifold; (32) Package.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte maintenance board (5) to channel molten carbonate to receptacle (1X) is covered on both sides by gaseous diffusion type cathode (1) and anode (2). Reaction gas is supplied through valves (10-13). When the voltage between electrodes falls below 8V, an electric signal is sent for interchanging gas supply between electrodes.    USE -   For gaseous diffusion electrodes in molten carbonate fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Obviates need for replacing cathode exhausted after a run, thereby facilitates recovery or regeneration of the electrodes. Since amount of permissible exhaustion of cathode is maintained to predetermined levels, life span of battery is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts schematic drawing explaining interchanging of gas supply between electrodes. (1) Cathode; (1X) Receptacle; (2) Anode; (5) Electrolyte maintenance board; (10-13) Valves.
NOVELTY - An oxidizing gas from manifold (2) is supplied to multilayered fuel battery (1) through a pipe (15) connected to a cooling water feed pipe (10). The other end of pipe (15) is connected to an outlet pipe (11). Heat exchange between the cooling water and the oxidizing gas is performed by a heat exchanger.    USE -   For power generating device using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The temperature distribution in the fuel battery section is uniform because the oxidizing gas is supplied only after heating. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of power generating device. (1) Fuel battery; (2) Manifold; (10) Cooling water feed pipe; (11) Outlet pipe; (15) Pipe.
NOVELTY - Part of the waste (A) is comminuted and pressed into bales (B) which are packed, stored and unpacked after an interval. It is then prepared for thermal treatment in the waste disposal plant (4).    USE - To pretreat e.g. municipal, bulky and industrial wastes for pyrolysis and incineration disposal.    ADVANTAGE - The new concept in waste reception and pretreatment, enables simple, low-cost flexible handling. Conventional large-volume, subsurface storage bunkers are specifically avoided. Costly in themselves, they also dictate heavy lifting equipment. In the new plant all takes place on the level, with ease of access by lorries and other wheeled handling equipment. Storage of waste which must be baled, i.e. that which cannot be submitted to the disposal plant immediately, can take place at any convenient surface location which is out of the way. This waste can be recovered and processed when deliveries cease, e.g. during weekends and holidays.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the pretreatment plant.    Preferred Features: Intermediate storage precedes comminution. That part of the waste which was not baled is supplied to the disposal plant (4). Comminution of the waste (A) takes place near the disposal plant. The packed bales are transported by a vehicle (46) to a storage location (50) away from the disposal plant. Unpacked waste (A) is uplifted or conveyed to a charging opening (36) of the disposal plant, where it is prepared for thermal treatment. The waste (A) first delivered, undergoes intermediate storage, preferably for at least 24 hours, and is then comminuted. The waste is delivered by lorry, and undergoes intermediate storage in a level bunker (6).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view looking down into the pretreatment and storage plant.    Waste (A)    Bales (B)    Waste disposal plant (4)    Level bunker (6)    Charging opening (36)    Vehicle (46)    Storage location (50)
NOVELTY - The process involves treating the pre-sorted, possibly pre-comminuted, waste paper raw material in an aqueous environment for activating microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the microbial contamination of the raw material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microbes are germinated and the raw material containing the germinated microbes is processed further, preferably in at least one sorting stage at temperatures above room temperature (20-70 deg.C). The stage includes: pre-sorting, flotation, fine sorting, washing, compression, while the separated water free of pulp is recycled for use in the dissolving stage. The raw material is then subjected to hot dispersion in a hot steam atmosphere at overpressure. The raw material is reheated and processed into a microbe-free recycled pulp.
NOVELTY - A fuel is reformed, cooled in quench cooler by evaporation of water and passed to fuel cell, likewise oxidation medium    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Allows efficient fuel cell operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A procedure for cooling is described where a fuel cell or a driving device of the fuel cell is cooled by transporting a liquid into a gas. A fuel reforms, the reformed fuel is cooled in a quench cooler by evaporation of water and is passed to the fuel cell. An oxidation medium is compressed, cooled in a quench cooler by evaporation of water and is passed to the fuel cell. Water arising in the fuel cell is passed to at least one of the quench coolers. A fluid for cooling is conducted through the fuel cell and its boiling temperature is much less than the operating temperature of the fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell with a quench cooler.
NOVELTY - Additional aeration of material to be composted, is carried out by thrusting aeration pipes into it. The pipes pass preferably through the outer walls of the chambers.    USE - A composting plant feeding briquetting and gasification processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a drying screw system. A conveyor screw is located in a trough. The trough is heated externally by water or preferably thermal fluid (an oil). Several screws may be stacked, the end of one feeding the start of the next, below.
The raw material inlet connects with a chamber housing, and the apparatus includes a rotary axial compressor and an outlet from the chamber. A rotator rotates the axial compressor where the internal surfaces of the chamber are irregular, the irregularity of the internal surfaces of chamber being created by elongate fluting. The axial compressor has a shaft with a diameter which increases in the zone between inlet and outlet.    Also described is the method for producing combustible material, by introducing a raw material into the chamber housing and rotating an auger of the axial compressor. The apparatus includes the hopper; (2'), compactor, nozzle (3), base (5), and cooling section (6).    USE -   For producing combustible materials by compression but can also be used for other materials such as compressed animal feed and waste products.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus can be adapted to process varying materials by altering the pitch and configuration of the flutes of the auger.
NOVELTY - A housing (8) is formed at lower side of a bottom board of a heat room (1). A hopper (5) is arranged on upper side of a top board. The hopper supplies chaff to heating tubes (3). The chaff in the heating tubes are heated with the heat of heat room and are carbonized. The carbonized chaff from chaff carbide which is collected in the housing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat room consists of a burner (2). The heating tubes penetrate through the top and bottom boards of the heat room into the interior space of the room. A damper (4) is provided at lower end of the tubes. The carbonized chaff from the tubes are collected in the housing by opening the damper. The unburned gas generated from the heating tubes are cooled by a cooling system (12) to obtain black liquor.    USE -   For producing fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables efficient carbonization of chaff. Provides small sized apparatus with simple structure. Enables using black liquor as agro chemical. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows block diagram of carbonization apparatus of chaff. (1) Heat room; (2) Burner; (3) Heating tubes; (4) Damper; (5) Hopper; (8) Housing; (12) Cooling system.
NOVELTY - A polystyrene group resin foam is obtained by mixing a foaming agent containing propane, butane and 1,1- difluoroethane with a polystyrene group resin and performing foaming extrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the polystyrene group resin foam.     The foaming agent contains 20-95 wt% of propane and butane and 5-80 wt% of 1,1-difluoroethane. The polystyrene group resin foam has a density of 0.020-0.040 g/cm3and a heat conductivity of 0.020-0.029 kcal/mXtime. The combustibility in the presence of a flame retardant is measured according to JISA9511. The resin foam is a tabular foam with thickness of 10-150 mm. The combustibility is measured according to JISA9511.    USE -   For building materials.    ADVANTAGE -   The foaming agent avoids usage of fluoro- hydrocarbon which destroys ozone layer. The foam product has low density and high compatibility.
Synthesis of methane-rich gas comprises: contacting, in gaseous phase, saturated hydrocarbon with catalyst supporting metal of gp. VIII on carrier in the presence of hydrogen.    USE -   The methane-rich gas is used as raw material for town gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Methane-rich gas can be efficiently produced at comparatively low temp. from industrially easily available saturated hydrocarbon such as propane or butane under suppression of carbon deposition on catalyst which degrades catalyst activity
Method for synthesis of methane-rich gas comprises: contacting lower satd. hydrocarbon with catalyst supporting nickel on carrier in gaseous phase.    USE -   Present methane-rich gas is used as raw material for town gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Methane-rich gas suited to raw material for town gas can be efficiently produced from industrially easily available satd. hydrocarbon such as propane or butane under suppression of carbon deposition on catalyst in raft form which influences badly to catalyst activity (please refer to next CLM section).
NOVELTY - A metal film formed on the surface of a porous substrate is subjected to oxidation and reduction processes to form a porous layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for oxygen pumping unit.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since thickness of solid electrolyte film is reduced, conductivity of oxide ion is improved and hence output of fuel battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the smoothing process of porous substrate.
NOVELTY - The waste water is maintained at a pH of 7.0 or less and it is processed by aerobic bacteria to decompose ethanolamine.    USE -   For processing waste water from power plant, thermal power station etc.    ADVANTAGE -    Efficient processing of waste water containing ethanolamine is performed as hydrazine resistant pseudomonad species is used. The process is not been inhibited by hydrazine. Contact of gas containing oxygen is avoided as it intervenes with the process. A biological treatment is carried out after the decomposition of ethanolamine and hydrazine at pH 7.0 or less, the growth and the activity of nitrous acid microbe is inhibited thereby reducing underwater chemical oxygen demand (COD). Complete decomposition of hydrazine is performed by aerating or using an oxidizing agent (H2 O2,NaOCl) in the presence of copper ion.
NOVELTY - Pseudomonas cepacia LM 2-1 mutant strain, having fat decomposing ability is added to a treatment tank containing fats and oils content waste water.    USE -   To process waste water released from food processing industry etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Fats and oils are removed efficiently and quickly from waste water.
NOVELTY - The thin microbial flora precipitates the organic substance in the sewage contained in the inflow tank.    USE -   For water quality improvement and control of tragomaschalia and in deodorizer.    ADVANTAGE -   The water quality and downstream of river are improved.
NOVELTY - Ozone is produced at the anode (3) of an electrolytic decomposition process ozone formation apparatus (1). Gas containing oxygen and the ozone formed, is guided to a gas liquid contactor (11) and ozone is transferred to the water side. Oxygen (21) is introduced as a raw material gas to a discharge method ozone formation apparatus (14) and the ozone formed is refluxed to the gas liquid contactor.    USE -   For sterilization of water, food stuffs.    ADVANTAGE -   Hydrogen gas is effectively handled which reduces the danger of handling.
NOVELTY - A processing chamber is arranged within a casing and has a stirrer for churning the refuse. An insulating panel performs surface contact to the right and left edges of the processing chamber. A contact piece is installed at the exterior of the insulating panel on either side for reinforcement.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for organic refuse processing chamber.    ADVANTAGE -   The insulation imparts rigidity to the sides of the casing due to the pressure of contact piece tensioned heat insulating pieces. It also enhances the life of the equipment at reduced cost. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents the cross-sectional front elevation of organic refuse processing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Casing; (2) Organic refuse processing chamber.
NOVELTY - The air is supplied via the air intake hole connected with organic refuse processor provided in the upper part of the casing to transfer the odour to the deodorant portion caused during fermentation of the refuse inside the casing. The air exhaust hole provided at the bottom of the casing is connected to the deodorant portion of the apparatus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air intake hole is provided on the external surface on the ceiling of the casing. The air intake hole in the aperture is formed on the intake flow path of the injection lid. The injection lid opens or closes the insertion opening on the ceiling of the interior casing.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus has improved efficiency as the air intake and the exhaust port are placed in the upper and lower side respectively therefore eliminating direct suction of fresh air outside the equipment. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the plan view of the organic refuse processing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Casing; (A) Organic refuse processor.
NOVELTY - A fixation carrier is prepared to immobilise microbe and waste water is made to contact the nitrification microbe side of carrier. The source substance of energy of denitrifying bacteria is made to contact the denitrifying bacteria side. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fixation of ammonium oxide microbe having polymer gel or a mixture of a polymer gel of ammonium oxide and nitrous acid microbe to one side of waste water. The denitrification bacteria carrying polymer gel is fixed to the other surface side of waste water.    USE -   The bio-reactor is useful for removing nitrogen components e.g. ammonia from industrial and domestic waste water.    ADVANTAGE -   The process removes nitrogen components efficiently from waste water using a reduced number of fixation carriers and supplying less oxygen quantity to waste water. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic sectional drawing of structure of bio-reactor. Parts list: (3) Fixation carrier; (3c) Denitrification bacteria carrying polymer gel.
NOVELTY - A diaphragm type DC motor operated pump draws liquid from a liquid storage tank and supplies it to a grease trap through a liquid feed pipe. A siphon prevention valve is connected to a branch pipeline branching from the liquid feed pipeline and the valve portion of the siphon prevention valve is made of rubber.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for supplying microorganic type processing liquid to grease trap in drainage channel through which waste liquid from kitchen of restaurant, dining room are ejected.    ADVANTAGE -   Diaphragm type pump has longer life as dry cell is used as DC source for motor. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective diagram showing principal components of liquid supply apparatus. Parts list: (10) DC motor operated pump; (42) Liquid feed pipe; (43) Siphon prevention pipe; (45) Branch pipeline; (50) Liquid storage tank; (L) Liquid.
NOVELTY - The sewage sludge is subjected to primary fermentation and the water soluble components in the fermentation mixture are isolated. When ratio of low molecular weight components in water soluble component is constant, the completion of primary zymosis or fermentation is judged.    USE -   For evaluating quality of sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   The completion of fermentation of sewage sludge identified quickly and easily. (RA)
NOVELTY - A detector and an estimation unit are provided in a fermentation tank (4), to sense and measure degree of moisture of organic refuse. Organic refuse is fed into the fermentation tank, through a conveyance tube (3) from a crusher (1). Moisture level is adjusted based on the output of the estimation unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Water is fed into the crusher through a solenoid valve, into the crusher. The organic refuse is crushed with constant water flow rate. A stirrer (14) and a heater (16) are provided in the fermentation tank. The temperature of air in vicinity of organic refuse after stirring, is measured by a thermistor. Moisture is adjusted suitably based on the difference in temperature of air, after a lapse of specified time. The temperature estimation is repeated periodically. The moisture adjustment is done manually, by visual indication from the estimation unit. Alternately, a control unit controls the operation of the motor that drives stirrer and the heater, to adjust moisture level.    USE -   For micro organic treatment of garbage in domestic processing machine.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids discharge of waste water in sewer line, as moisture is effectively controlled. Prevents blockade of conveyance tube as water quantity is regulated to reduce bulkness of organic refuse. Simplifies structure as special complicated devices are not required to perform moisture control. Enables accurate moisture control as heat and oxygen for fermentation are supplied proportionately.
NOVELTY - Water is fed into a crusher (1) connected with an elastic tube (3), by a force feeding unit. The elastic tube is pressed at several locations in sequence, to relieve clogging. Specified quantity of water is then passed through the elastic tube for cleaning the tube interior.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A roller moves inside the elastic tube to occlude the elastic tube. The press location of the tube is altered periodically. The elastic tube leads the organic refuse to a fermentation tank (4), from the crusher.    USE -   For organic refuse processing machine for domestic use.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids wastage of water and provides effective cleaning. Avoids diffusion of scum and odor. Simplifies installation as design degree of freedom is improved.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse is force fed into a fermentation tank (4) from a crusher (1). A heater (16) and a motor driven stirrer are provided in the fermentation tank. Moisture adjustment material (13) is mixed with the organic refuse such that a control unit (30) controls the heater and the stirrer to impart uniform moisture in refuse.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The crusher is connected to the fermentation tank by an elastic tube (3). A weight is attached to one end of the elastic tube. A pump (2) force feeds crushed organic refuse from the crusher to the fermentation tank, through the elastic tube.    USE -   For microorganic treatment of garbage in processing for domestic use.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids increase in size of machine by eliminating special devices, as moisture is uniformly imparted to refuse by controlling heater and stirrer. Reduces bulkiness of refuse and enables quick fermentation. Enables use of processed refuse as compost.
NOVELTY - The thermal grease contains a solvent to provide a low-viscosity grease in liquid form, suitable for use in aerosols or liquid sprays    USE - For use in the electronics industry.    ADVANTAGE - The low-viscosity grease is in liquid form suitable for use in aerosols or as liquid spray. Provides consistently even film of grease over the component while using less grease mixture.
NOVELTY - The addition of an amphiphilic non-ionic product, formed by the reaction between a polymerized unsaturated oil and an aminoalcohol enables the transport of suspended hydrates in fluids comprising water, gas and liquid hydrocarbons and inhibits agglomeration of the hydrates.    USE - The process is particularly applicable to petroleum and gas production in offshore installations.    ADVANTAGE - Only small additions of the amphiphilic product are necessary to prevent agglomeration of formed hydrates and thus to avoid blockages in pipes etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The concentration of the incorporated additive is 0.1-5%, preferably 0.1-2%, relative to the water present. The fluid may comprise the hydrocarbons methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propene and n-butane, possibly H2S and/or CO2, natural gas, petroleum gas and at least one liquid hydrocarbon. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of the additive, by the reaction between a polymerized flax oil of viscosity (20degrees C.) 5-60Pa.s. and diethanolamine. After the reaction, the product is conditioned in an aromatic solvent or one derived from an oil , vegetable or animal grease (preferably a methyl ester of colza oil) to give a mixture containing 20-80%, preferably 30-0%, of solvent.
NOVELTY - The rate of extraction of biogas produced by fermentable waste substances using a network of extraction tubes is controlled as a result of measurement of the atmospheric pressure of the biogas at a point outside the extraction network.    USE - For controlled extraction of biogas e.g. from the fermentation of waste material, e.g. to give biogas with consistent quality for use as a fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Extraction of the biogas at a rate dependent on the prevailing pressure avoids both a build up of pressure within the extraction zone, with a consequent danger of expulsion of biogas from the periphery of the zone and the possibility of odor release, and a fall in pressure which could draw excess air into the gas stream with a consequent reduction in burning performance or possibility of explosion upon ignition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for extracting biogas produced by fermentable substances, in which the biogas extracted is collected by a network of gas extraction tubes connected by means of connecting tubes and valves to a main collection pipe, the rate of extraction of the gas being controlled as a function of measurement of the atmospheric pressure of the biogas in a predetermined zone situated outside the gas extraction network, the measurement zone being situated within the zone containing the fermentable substances and/or a zone peripheral to the fermentable substances.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagram of a biogas extraction facility.    Zone containing the fermentable substances (11)    Network of gas extraction tubes (12)    Valves (14)    Main collection pipe (15)    Pump (16)    Pressure probe (17)    Burner (18)    Controller (19)    Peripheral zone (24)
NOVELTY - A composter/filter, for waste water pre-purification, contains shredded matter which provides solids/liquid separation in the interspace between an aboveground outer container and an interior composter and which is connected to an underlying bottom filter.    USE - As a combined composter/filter for waste water pre-purification by solids/liquid separation.    ADVANTAGE - The composter/filter provides rapid removal and preparation of thick matter and waste water contents for composting and its aboveground positioning provides free water passage and drainage and simple operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composter/filter, for waste water pre-purification, consists of an aboveground outer container, an interior composter (1) with filter elements in the form of a disposal container (2), an interspace containing shredded matter (7) for coarse and fine filtration of thick matter and waste water contents from the liquid phase, and a connection from the shredded matter to an underlying bottom filter for natural drainage and further waste water purification.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the composter/filter.    Composter (1)    Disposal container (2)    Shredded matter (7)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a hydrogen permeable barrier layer combination consisting of a niobium (alloy) and/or tantalum (alloy) core layer, sandwiched between two palladium (alloy) outer layers.    USE - As a fuel cell which has a proton conductive electrolyte and which uses e.g. hydrogen, methanol or natural gas as fuel, e.g. a polymer membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The barrier layer combination has a high diffusion capacity for atomic hydrogen but impermeable to larger atoms and molecules, especially molecular hydrogen, water and methanol, so that it separates the anode gas space from the cathode gas space to prevent migration of fuel from the anode side to the cathode side through the electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view through a polymer membrane fuel cell.    Anode (10)    Cathode (12)    Electrolyte (14)    Electrolyte layers (16, 18)    Barrier layer combination (20)    Outer layers (22, 24)    Core layer (26)
NOVELTY - A swirl chamber (51) is oval or elliptical in cross section and extends over a fraction of the carbonizing chamber (12) length. It connects flow to the long shallow rectangular chamber (21). The width of the swirl chamber, corresponds with that of the conveyor (14).    USE - For the low temperature continuous carbonization of e.g. municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - The design targets efficient heat transfer to the feedstock, with optimum heating distribution over the width of the conveyor. A greater gas throughput is achieved than in an earlier comparable design in DE 44 08 654 A1. This allows increased capacity, by widening the conveyor. The swirl chamber arrangement is relatively short; here the gases undergo intense heating and mixing, followed by even heat transfer in the shallow chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The shallow chamber has about 1/3 to 1/4 the height of the swirl chamber. The swirl chamber includes an outer chamber, with a spiral guide baffle. In cross section, its casing is oval or elliptical and it surrounds a concentric inner casing. The outer chamber includes swirl baffles. The inner chamber has swirl baffles and/or opposing radial chicane baffles. Inner and outer baffles run counter to one another. The shallow chamber has a pair of channels joined at the end remote from the swirl chamber. A further, axially-intermediate burner is located on the outer chamber of the swirl chamber assembly. In the inner swirl chamber there is a transition into a cylindrical duct. Low temperature carbonization gas extraction pipes (24-27) open into the treatment chamber, the latter connected to the combustion chamber. The pipes are located above the shallow chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a side elevation of the gasification unit.    Carbonizing chamber (12)    Conveyor (14)    Shallow rectangular chamber (21)    Gas extraction pipes. (24-27)    Swirl chamber (51)
NOVELTY - Acrylic and methacrylic acid can be synthesized by catalytic gas phase oxidation of 3-4C alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and/or aldehydes.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Acrylic acid is obtained in high purity without by crystallization from solution without the need for further purification steps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - This process for the production of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid comprises: (A) production of a gaseous product mixture comprising the reaction mixture arising from the (B) condensation of the gaseous product mixture (C) crystallization of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid from the resulting solution. (D) separation of the crystals from the mother liquor and (E) recycling of at least a portion of the mother liquor from (D) to (B).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Flow sheet    Reactors (4,5)    Condensor (8)    crystallizer (12)    solid-liquid separator (14)    crystalline product (15)    mother liquor (16)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises separate anode and cathode cells (32,33) each containing respective electrodes (24). Fuel is supplied to the anode tank and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode tank. Each electrode is a monolithic electrode, a composite electrode or an internally coupled electrode with a catalyst surface.    USE - Fuel cells generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Increases fuel cell efficiency and power density to allow larger fuel cells to be produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In an INDEPENDENT CLAIM ions are drawn from the anode and cathode tanks into a reaction tank (29) where they react with the electrolyte to neutralize it for returning to the two tanks via streams (30,31).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell with parallel flow of electrolyte.    Electrode (24)    Reaction vessel (29)    Stream to anode tank (30)    Stream to cathode tank (32) Anode tank (31)    Cathode tank (33)
NOVELTY - A microorganism (1) being nonhemolytic, such as Bacillus sp. OYK-01-600 (FERM BP-6394) bacteria, and having antimicrobial activities against toxic bacteria, is new.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microorganism (1) has a volume 4 times or more than that of a standard hay bacillus (IFO3134 ), has no induction period at the beginning of cultivation, and immediately initiates exponential growth such that, for example 103 /ml of microorganisms will become 107/ml in 4hr. Therefore the metabolic energy generated by growth is 10000 times or more that of the standard hay bacillus. (1) has antimicrobial activities against toxic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus acureus, pathogenic Escherichia coli including O-157, Leginonella pneumophilia, Klebsiella pneumoniac, etc. (1) is at least one bacteria selected from Bacillus sp.OYK-01-600 (FERM BP-6394), Bacillus sp.OYK-03-600 (FERM BP-6395) and Bacillus sp.OYK-04-000 (FERM BP-6396).    USE -   The microorganism (1) is used for producing compost.    ADVANTAGE -   A difference in growth rate can inhibit bacteria that emit an offensive odor and many other noxious infectious bacteria. When used for the production of compost, a rapid temperature rise in a fermentation tank caused by the initial heat generation facilates the production of full- ripe compost.
NOVELTY - A fuel preheater (3), desulphuriser (2), modifier (5) and carbon monoxide converter (6) are serially connected to remove the sulphur and convert the fuel into a hydrogen rich gas with reduced carbon monoxide and supply to a fuel battery main casing (7). A recycle line (8a) connects the outlet of the carbon monoxide converter to the inlet of the desulphuriser for recycling with the preheated fuel.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents overheating of the desulphuriser by increasing recycle fuel flow.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of the gas power plant. (2) Desulphuriser; (3) Fuel preheater; (5) Modifier; (6) Carbon monoxide converter; (7) Fuel battery main casing; (8a) Recycle line.
NOVELTY - The mixture of the hydrogen and the digestive gases serving as a fuel is supplied to a modifier (9) from pipes (4,5) through a fuel pipe (3). The heating gas is supplied from the modifier to a battery (11) for producing electrical energy.    USE -   For fuel battery based power generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents presence of unreacted digestive gas in fuel supplied to modifier, by regulating fluctuation in amount of digestive gas supplemented by hydrogen gas. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel battery based power generation system. (3) Fuel pipe; (4,5) Pipes; (9) Modifier; (11) Battery.
NOVELTY - The cell has electrode plates (4a,4c) laminated on both sides of a solid electrolytic film (3). Each electrode plate is made of a conductive frame (5) with a central space (5a). A porous electrical supply unit (6) is inserted in the centre space. The oxygen gas ejection path (11) and water supply path (12) are provided on another surface of the conductive frame.    USE -   For hydrogen-oxygen generator.    ADVANTAGE -   The DC voltage impressed to the cell is reduced sharply. The electrolytic cell has simple design. The cell is lightweight and compact. The manufacturing cost of hydrogen- oxygen generator is minimised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The figure illustrates the perspective diagram of electrolytic cell. (3) Solid electrolytic film, (4a,4c) Electrode plates, (5) Conductive frame, (5c) Central space, (6) Electrical supply unit, (10) Opening for electric supply, (11) Oxygen gas ejection path, (12) Water supply path, (13) Hydrogen gas ejection path.
NOVELTY - An isolator (50) which isolates the char with large grain size from the gas is installed in the conveyance path (32) between the gasifier and the reactor. The isolated char is returned from the isolator to the gasifier through a circulation path (54). The char isolated gas is supplied to a high temperature oxidation reactor for secondary gasification and the recovery of the combustible gas is carried out. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gasifier (10) using a fluid bed (16) carries out the primary gasification of an organic waste (12). A high temperature oxidation reactor (30) carries out a secondary gasification at a high temperature. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for gasification processing apparatus of solid waste.    USE -   For gasification of municipal solid waste, such as a sewage sludge, waste plastic, waste FRP, biomass eccrisis, motor vehicle eccrisis, waste oil eccrisis.    ADVANTAGE -   Collection of valuable metal is carried out from unoxidised gas recovered from secondary gasification. The amount of unburnt carbon is reduced to a minimum in the recovered gas. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gasification processing apparatus of waste. (10) Gasifier; (12) Organic waste; (16) Fluid bed; (30) High temperature oxidation reactor; (32) Conveyance path; (50) Isolator; (54) Circulation path.
NOVELTY - A rectification unit (24) is arranged in the catalyst layer (26) of catalytic reaction apparatus (20) horizontally along the gas passage way. Gasification of reaction material is carried out and guided to the catalyst layer by a gas introduction tube (23). Several perforated panels (31-33) with holes are arranged in the rectification unit such that the mutual hole position of adjacent panels does not interrupt the gas flow direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the gas distribution apparatus. Several gas passage units are arranged parallelly through which the gas passes through, in downstream direction. A movable plate is arranged in the gas passage unit which actuates corresponding to the resistance of the gas passing through and the opening of the gas through hole is altered based on it.    USE -   For reformation of hydrocarbon compounds such as methanol to form hydrogen rich gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Reaction efficiency of the apparatus is improved and size reduction of apparatus is attained.
NOVELTY - The reformer has a triangular combustion chamber (1) surrounded by a modified reaction part (2), water gas shift reaction chamber (3) and a selective oxidation chamber (4). The thickness (t1-t3) of the barrier plates (5a-5c) which separate the combustion chamber and reaction zones are formed, so that amount of heat transfer is greatest for modified reaction part and lowest for selective oxidation part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer has a central combustion chamber and a reaction part (modifier) for steam reforming of modified raw material in the periphery of the triangular combustion chamber on one side. On another side, outside the combustion chamber, a water gas shift reaction chamber is formed where carbon monoxide (CO) contained in modified gas is reduced by aqueous water gas shift reaction. On the third side, a CO selective oxidation part for oxidizing and reducing CO further is constituted.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The design of the reformer enables size reduction. Good temperature control of heat from combustion chamber to each reaction part, is attained.
NOVELTY - A water gas reaction part pipe (7) is provided to connect modified reaction part (1) and water gas reaction part (3) and a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation part pipe (8) is provided to connect the water gas reaction part and CO oxidation part (4) both of which are supplied with combustion air feed pipes (9,10). The combustion air and modified gas are supplied to upstream side of water gas reaction part and CO oxidation part respectively. Supplement combustion parts (5,6) are provided to burn the modified gas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformer (A) has modified reaction part (1) which forms modified gas and supplied with heat energy by main combustion part (2). A water gas reaction part (3) reduces the CO concentration in the modified gas. A CO oxidation part (4) further reduces CO concentration in modified gas by selective oxidation reaction. The modified reaction part and water gas reaction part are connected by a water gas reaction part pipe (7). The water gas reaction part and CO oxidation reaction part are connected by a CO oxidation part pipe (8). Air feed pipes (9,10) are provided to supply combustion air to at least one portion of water gas reaction part pipe and CO oxidation part pipe. The combustion air and modified gas are supplied to upstream side of water gas reaction part and CO oxidation part respectively. Supplement combustion parts (5,6) are provided to burn the modified gas.    USE -   For forming hydrogen enriched gas from alcoholic fuels such as hydrocarbon group gas, methanol group gas etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The ignition of reformer is raised. The quantity of NOx in waste gas due to combustion of modified gas or fuel is reduced. The reformer is compact.
NOVELTY - An original fuel which consists of formaldehyde and water vapor is subjected to a modified reaction followed by a steam reforming reaction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen manufacturing apparatus. A supply means supplies the original fuel from which a modifier forms hydrogen. A steam reforming reaction in the presence of a catalyst is subsequently performed.    USE -   None given.
NOVELTY - A reactor (1) is filled with a carrier (4) which consists of sponge granule. The sponge granule having blow hole is provided in a filter bed at centre of the reactor. The fixation of micro-organism for deodorisation is carried out in the carrier. The malodorous gas passed into the reactor is deodorised by the micro-organism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for deodorizing apparatus of malodorous gas.    USE -   For deodorizing malodorous gas generated from organic refuse and waste water processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The water retaining capability of carrier is raised thereby improving deodorant efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of deodorizing apparatus. (1) Reactor; (4) Carrier.
NOVELTY - The amount of cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger (8) is controlled by a regulating valve (6). A control unit (20) regulates the switching of a cut-off valve (19) provided in the water supply line, and regulating valve based on the detection signals of level switches (16,17). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The water ejection path of heat exchanger is connected to a water tank. Water is supplied to the water tank through a water supply line (18) and the cut-off valve is provided in the water supply line to control the water supply. Level switches are provided in the water tank to detect the water level.    USE -   For fuel battery driven power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains water quantity balance inside plant pertinently and minimises water supply from make-up water, enabling efficient power generation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is systematic diagram of battery power generating plant. (6) Regulating valve; (8) Heat exchanger; (16,17) Level switch; (18) Water supply line; (19) Cut-off valve; (20) Controller.
NOVELTY - A ribbon flight screw conveyor (2) is arranged at front end of an automatic running vehicle (1). The compost raw material supplied through the screw conveyor is crushed by a crusher (3) at the rear side of vehicle. The crushed raw material is sprayed externally by a spraying unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ribbon flight screw conveyor is rotated by a motor through a pinion gear (7) attached at end of rotation shaft (6). The crusher and the spraying unit comprise a movable blade (8) which is fixed to the rotation shaft, behind a ribbon screw. A release guide tube (10) with curved end, is prolonged from the spraying unit. A grinding and dispersion equipment powered by the motor, is arranged at the outlet of guide tube. The outlet aperture of the guide tube is rotated at predetermined angle along specific direction, either manually or using motor.    USE -   For manufacturing compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids need for filling, ejection by using automatic running vehicle. Reduces time involved by enabling simultaneous crushing, spreading and pulverizing during raw material transit.
NOVELTY - A hollow body (8) is provided with an oxygen and methanol feed zone (3,2) on one end, and a hydrogen gas outlet (4) on the other end. A reaction zone (6a) with the catalyst is provided inside the hollow body. A vaporization region (6b) is provided on the upper stream side of the reaction zone and vaporizes methanol due to the heat of the catalytic reaction.    USE -   For obtaining hydrogen gas used in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat of vaporization cools the reaction zone and prevents excessive temperature rise. The invert ratio of methanol to hydrogen gas is sharply raised, by uniform temperature distribution of the catalyst. Catalyst metal of limited quantity can be prepared in a large space with effective catalytic reaction.
NOVELTY - An air feed zone and a heater are arranged in the lower portion of a fermenter provided with a stirrer. A lid is placed in the upper portion of the fermenter. A predetermined number of stirring rods project perpendicularly from the horizontal rotation axis of the stirrer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of compost. Air is supplied to the lower portion of the fermenter in which organic substance sludge is mixed with compost and fermented. Compost is obtained by heating the fermented product and small amounts of the dried compost is retained in the fermenter for the next cycle.    USE -   The method is useful for producing compost for use as fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   The method enables a reduction in the moisture content to about 0-30%. The rod-shaped stirrer reduces the stir resistance and the thermal efficiency is improved owing to the heater at the lower portion of the fermenter. The method reduces the odor emitted from the sludge. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a transverse sectional view of the compost manufacturing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Fermenter, (7a) Lid, (8) Air feed zone, (21) Stirrer, (22) Rotation axis, (23,23') Perpendicularly arranged rods, (31) Heater.
NOVELTY - Cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock containing ethane and propane comprises fractionation, steam cracking, recovering ethylene and recycling residual uncracked ethane and propane to respective ethane and propane rich feedstreams.    USE - For producing olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks, especially ethylene.    ADVANTAGE - The conversion of ethane and the yield of ethylene are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock containing a mixture of ethane and propane comprises:    (1) fractionating to separate the feedstock into ethane- and propane-rich streams;    (2) steam cracking each stream separately under optimum cracking conditions for each stream in separate furnaces    (3) recovering the ethylene formed in the crackers; and    (4) recycling the residual uncracked ethane and propane from cracked products to respective ethane- and propane-rich feedstreams that are fed to the steam cracker.
NOVELTY - Removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream comprises using a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process using an adsorbent comprising activated alumna and a carbon dioxide selective zeolite.    USE - Used for pre-purification of air, particularly ambient air.    ADVANTAGE - The cold zone found in beds containing only zeolite is reduced or eliminated due to a greater heat capacity and reduced adsorption of air of activated alumna compared with zeolites. Vent gas loss is reduced by 50% or more as activated alumna is more easily regenerated, thus saving energy. The adsorbent layer is smaller than an all activated alumna layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation showing bed outlet temperature versus time for a PSA process.
NOVELTY - Hot gas mixtures with at least two condensable components and a high content of non-condensable component(s) are fractionated by passing through a column containing devices with a separating action, and condensing out the condensable components by cooling.    USE - The use of a column with separating devices for the fractional condensation of hot gas mixtures with a high non-condensables content is claimed. Used e.g. for the fractional condensation of hot gas from the gas-phase oxidation of propene to acrylic acid.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the fractionation of hot gas mixtures with a high content of non-condensables in one stage to give the components in a high state of purity.
NOVELTY - The bittering composition is added to the gas to discourage misuse while not affecting its properties nor making regular use of the gas noxious.    USE - For prevention of deliberate inhalation of butane gas.    ADVANTAGE - Although the properties of the additive in the gas discourage deliberate inhalation, they are not noxious to users working normally with it.
Preparation of a Pb-substituted hydroxyapatite catalyst of formula Ca10-x Pbx (PO4 )6 (OH)2 (where 0&lt;x&lt;10) comprises (i) dissolving calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3 )2 .4H2 O), lead nitrate (Pb(NO3 )2 ) and monobasic ammonium phosphate (NH4 H2 PO4) in distilled water at room temperature to give a concentration of at least 0.01M and pH 9, (ii) leaving the precipitate in the solution for 5-20 hours and then (iii) calcining.     Also claimed is the production of C2compounds by reacting methane, oxygen and helium in the presence of 5-20 g.min/L of the catalyst at 600C (preferably 700-800C).    USE -    The catalyst is used in the oxidative coupling of methane (claimed) to produce ethylene and ethane which are used in the production of polymers and as a substitute energy source for petroleum (C2compounds are more stable during transport than methane).    ADVANTAGE -    The catalyst is stable at high temperatures and gives high conversion, selectivity and yields. In particular, C2yields of &gt;20% can be obtained, considerably higher than those obtained with Pb-substituted hydroxyapatites prepared by an ion exchange method.
NOVELTY - Plastic film impurities are separated from particulate compost by passing the stabilized compost over at least three zones of non-blinding, inclined, vibrating screens (22) of progressively increasing mesh size from 0.25 - 1 inch. As the compost falls downwards, air is drawn upwards through screens of at least one intermediate mesh size into at least two plenum chambers (30,32) to free fragments of plastic film. The air is drawn into one chamber at 5 - 10 feet per second and into the other at 10 - 15 feet per second.    USE - For removing plastic film, resulting from shredded bags formerly used to retain decaying organic material, from compost resulting from grinding and bacterial digestion of the waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for apparatus for separating the plastic film fragments from particulate compost. It includes a wheel blower independently coupled to each plenum chamber for drawing air through the intermediate screens.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used.    separator (20)    screen bed (22)    plenum chambers. (30,32)
NOVELTY - Culturing of microorganisms in the sludge is performed. Then, PH value of alkaline content in the sludge is set to 8 or more.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for decomposition apparatus.    USE -   For process sludge obtained during biological waste water treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   The size reduction of installation and reduction of processing time is achieved by using the microorganism and eliminating the need for continuous addition of chemicals.
NOVELTY - An inner shell (26) is accommodated inside a thermally insulated outer shell (25) forming a flow path (30) for air sucked through opening towards an outlet (10) connected to the inlet. An exhaust port (33) leads towards the inner shell. An exhaust tube (31) is passed through a communicating opening (8) and is connected to a deodorant device. An exhaust gas inflow opening (7) leading from the fermentation equipment is connected tangentially at the other end of the inner shell.    USE -   For organic refuse fermentation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Uses exhaust gas of fermentation to preheat air in insulated outer shell. Improves deodorant layer durability. Improves heat exchange efficiency by utilizing exhaust gas inside shell. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows internal structure side view of heat exchange. (7) Inflow opening; (8) Communicating opening; (10) Outlet; (25) Outer shell; (26) Inner shell; (30) Flow path; (31) Exhaust tube; (33) Exhaust port (RA).
NOVELTY - A partition board divides a discharge tank from a processing tank in which raw refuse is processed by stirring with stirrer. The processes refuse flows through an opening on the partition board into the tank. A detachable collection tank is attached under the discharge tank to collect the refuse flowing through a discharge opening.    USE -   The processor is useful for processing raw refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The processor stirs raw refuse smoothly by ejecting excess quantities into discharge tank. It enables efficient discharge and remains in processing tank through discharge tank into collection tank. It also smoothens the sliding of the collection tank by projecting rail edges to prevent refuse falling into rails. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional elevation of the refuse processor. Parts list: (1) Processing tank; (2) Stirrer; (3) Raw refuse; (4) Partition board; (5) Discharge tank; (6) Opening; (7) Discharge opening; (8) Collection tank.
NOVELTY - Cordierite is thrown into land fill which is divided into partitions. Each partition is covered by an open-closable canopy, over which solar battery modules connected to a battery are installed. The battery stores the power generated by solar energy module and for feeding onto leachate treatment unit.    USE -   The treatment facility is useful for a garbage disposal field for treatment of leachate.    ADVANTAGE -   A vast area of landfill is used effectively for power generation and efficient leachate treatment facility is ensured due to battery storage of electric power. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solar power generation and storage for leachate treatment. Parts list: (1) landfill; (1a) partition; (2) canopy; (3) solar battery module; (4) battery; and (6) leachate treatment unit.
NOVELTY - Aerobic fermentation of organic waste is carried out within a fermenter, by aerobic bacteria. The pH of the fermentation, is maintained by adding alkaline matter containing nitrogen, carbon, oxygen or hydrogen, when the pH drops below a preset value.    USE -   For compost production from organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents inhibition of fermentation to obtain compost of high decomposition ratio.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a cylindrical process chamber equipped with a screw which sends the raw material to the feed hopper side of the chamber. A drain hole is provided at one end of chamber and the feed hopper is provided at another side of the chamber. A winged shaft is provided for rotation actuation and mixing of the raw material along the feed direction. A resistor is provided which projections towards the inner direction of the chamber. The wing consists of a forward conveyor which conveys the raw material along the feed direction and the backward conveyor which conveys the raw material in the opposite direction.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for producing compost.    ADVANTAGE -   The pressure application mixing of the raw material is performed efficiently and the capacity of the raw material is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the vertical sectional front elevation diagram of compost manufacturing apparatus. Parts List: (7) Process chamber, (7e) Drain hole, (7s) Feed hopper, (9) Shaft, (11) Wing, (11f) Forward conveyor, (11r) Backward conveyor, (12) Ejector, (13) Guide, (15) Resistor, (S) Screw.
NOVELTY - A fermenter (1) equipped with stirring bar (3) spirally arranged around churning shaft (2) performs stirring of organic waste containing microbes. The air in the fermenter is guided to a dehumidifier through an insertion opening (4). The dehumidifier comprising cooler (9) dehumidifies air which is guided back to the fermenter through the inhalation duct (7). A cleaning hole (8) is prepared in the circuit comprising an inhalation duct and dehumidifier to remove fine powders of deposited organic waste. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the dehumidifier. The dehumidifier has an inhalation duct which inhales air from the fermenter and ejection duct which ejects air back to the fermenter. A cooling pipe (10) provided with a coolant is arranged inside the cooler.    USE -   For organic refuse, livestock dung, refuse of food processing industries etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The reduction of dehumidification and stoppage of apparatus due to deposition of organic waste powder in the cooling pipe is eliminated. The apparatus is automatically cleaned thereby simplifying its maintenance.
A central heating assembly burns has a blower-supported gas burner (11). Gas is drawn from a supply (15) by a fan (6) through an inlet (14). The fan (6) operation is regulated by a control unit (3). The gas inlet (15) has a sensor (1) which detects the composition of the gas and is linked to the control unit (3), and operates a gas control actuator (4) in the gas pipe (15). The sensor (1) detects the presence of methane, CxHy and hydrogen. The sensor (1) incorporates metal oxide material having a number of SiO2 membranes with a number of sensors (1) on a single chip.    USE -   Gas burner with sensor detecting the composition of incoming gas fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   The sensor adapts the burner characteristics to the differences in gas fuel from different suppliers.
NOVELTY - The procedure involves the following stages; (a) prewetting or watering the soil; (b1) turning over and breaking up the soil to be decontaminated to a depth of at least 15 cm, preferably at least 30 cm and especially 50-80 cm; (b2) applying a nutrient concentrate in the form of a diluted aqueous emulsion, by spraying uniformly over the soil; and (c) subsequently washing the soil through intensively with water.    USE -   For decontaminating areas of ground soil contaminated with mineral oil based hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE -   The process utilises hydrocarbon-decomposing microorganisms naturally present in the soil by activating and encouraging growth of these. Areas of ground of any size can be treated in situ and the procedure is easier to carry out than prior art processes which involved digging out the soil to be treated.
NOVELTY - Microbiological treatment of waste containing harmful substances by loading into reactor, adding organic material, and adjusting properties of waste material, and conditions, to enhance bacterial activity. The waste is treated without agitation, and sufficient oxygen, moisture and/or nutrients are supplied to waste material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the apparatus which comprises reactor (2) with pipes (4,5) supplying oxygen and/or steam, moisture and/or nutrients into waste material. Waste material is loaded through openable cover (1b) or wall (1c,d) onto sieve plate (11).    USE -   Biological treatment of waste such as contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE -   By transporting the reactor, contaminated soil can be treated on site. Controlling the conditions inside the reactor ensures quick and efficient reaction. Heavy metals are removed. Volatile organic compounds are recovered before gases are released to atmosphere. No agitation of the waste is necessary. By applying steam to an insulated reactor, it can be operated in cold conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a view of the reactor. (2) reactor; (1b,c) opening cover and wall; (4) pipe system.
The following are claimed:    (1) a bioremediation method comprising contacting an environmental sample contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic compounds (CACs) with a CAC-metabolising aerobic Gram-negative bacterium which:    (a) has non-sheathed rod-shaped cells that are filamentous in appearance and have a length of 20-200 m;    (b) accumulates poly--hydroxybutyrate in intracellular granules under nitrogen-limiting conditions;    (c) is capable of growing in the presence of 0.2% phenol or 1% saturated toluene vapour, and    (d) does not grow in carbohydrates;    (2) a bioremediation method comprising selecting a soil or water sample contaminated with CACs, contacting the sample with a stream of air into which the CACs are transferred, and contacting the CAC-bearing air with a bacterium as above.    USE -   The methods are to degrade CACs such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and dichloroethylene (DCE) in soil, water or air.    ADVANTAGE -   The bacterium is more suitable for bioremediation than methanotrophic bacteria due to its ability to tolerate CAC metabolites, its tolerance for relatively high concentrations of substrate and its having a higher rate of endogenous CAC conversion, and can tolerate higher TCE concentrations than other phenol-degrading microorganisms.
Composting method comprises covering flat ground (1) near felling timber field with a water barrier sheet (2). Above it a gravel stratum (3) is formed which is covered by a foundation (4). An iron rail (5) is installed parallel to the foundation and the space (52) between the rails is filled with chips of suitable size to run plough machine and chip of unsuitable magnitude for composting are laid outside the rails.    USE -   The method is used for composting felled timbers.    ADVANTAGE -   Underground water is not contaminated with the water produced during fermentation. The time taken for composting is less. Stable ploughing work is carried out due to high strength of iron rails.
Compost manufacture comprises crushing filled timber to a length of 50 nm or less and depositing outdoors with fermentation.    USE -   The method is used for reclamation of housing sites and golf courses.    ADVANTAGE -   The composite is formed in a specified time. The size of crushed timber is controlled.
NOVELTY - A bucket conveyor (6) is attached to a rotary stand of a truck (2) which is movably formed on a fermenter (1). The lower end of the bucket conveyor is extended near the base of the fermenter whose bottom surface is provided with a fermented raw material extraction chute. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A rotation stand is suspended on the truck by centering around its main portion. The truck formed on the top surface of side walls (1a) which together with semicircular walls (1b) constituting a loop-like fermenter body, performs reciprocating motion. A raw material supply and allocation tubes are formed on the rotation stand. A raw material feed hopper is formed on the upper portion of the supply tube which supplies raw material into a pair of tanks arranged side by side. Aeration pipes are formed on bottom side wall of the fermenter.    USE -   For fermentation of dehydrated sludge ejected from a sewage treatment facility, producing compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Desired compost product can be obtained through an extraction chute continuously, by avoiding sludge dehydration preprocessing thereby enhancing operativity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the plan view of fermenter. (1) Fermenter; (1a) Side walls of fermenter; (1b) Semicircular walls; (2) Truck; (6) Bucket conveyor (RA).
NOVELTY - The organic waste is crushed and metallic impurities are removed in a pre-processor (1). A slurry formed in an adjustor (2) by adding steam and agitation is decomposed by microorganisms. When the TS density of the decomposed material exceeds 5% a supply device (3) feeds a nutrient salt of iron, nickel or cobalt. Methane in the decomposed material is fermented in a digester (4). Solid and liquid are then separated.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing efficiency of methane fermentation is improved. Processing of solid organic waste is simplified. Effective use of formed methane is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a block diagram of the waste disposal system configuration. (1) Preprocessor; (2) Adjustor; (3) Supply device; (4) Digester.
A desulfuriser (2) removes the sulfur content of an original hydrocarbon fuel. A modifier (6) reforms the desulfurized fuel to a reforming gas using abundant hydrogen. A CO transformer (7) reduces the carbon monoxide content of the reforming gas. A heat exchanger (1) reduces the temperature of the gas to a specified value. A recycle line (11) feeds a portion of the outlet gas to the front stage of the heat exchanger.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Suppresses generation of carbon precipitate. Recycles about 5% of battery outlet gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel battery. (1) Heat exchanger; (2) Desulfurizer; (6) Modifier; (7) CO transformer; (11) Recycle line.
NOVELTY - The component(s) is converted into a measurable gas using a catalyst-oxidiser (I) then the measurable gas analysed by atmospheric pressure ionisation mass spectrometry (APIMS) to a sensitivity of below 1ppb. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for (a) a catalyst-oxidiser system for use in converting the component comprising a catalyst cell, heater block, rod heater and thermocouple and (b) an analytical system for the concentration measurement comprising (I).    USE -   Trace analysis is ultra high purity (UHP) gases. Six key impurities such as hydrogen, carbon oxide, methane, oxygen, water and carbon dioxide are measurable in a UHP gas such as argon or nitrogen to below 1ppb levels.    ADVANTAGE -   Measurement is carried out in a single instrument. Impact due to adsorption and desorption of impurities in the system is a minimum and the impurity level is quickly detected. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Graph represents CO response at mass 44 (CO2) as measured during invention system.
NOVELTY - A container for rotable waste, and for transporting the waste from a loading station to a rotting point and unloading station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The container comprises a lower section (1) made of eg stainless steel, and a funnel shaped bath type insert (7) with a connection (8), as well as a perforated base (5) above it. The lower section has side walls (2) which are parallel or conically arranged. The container has a removable lid (14) with at least one supply or removal connection.    USE -   The arrangement is used as a container for rotable waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The loading and transport of the material is simplified. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the container: (1) lower section; (2) side walls; (5) perforated base; and (14) removable lid (RA).
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has modularly constructed gas supply, comprising gas tight sleeve (20,21) and two structured inserts (22,23). The inserts contact surfaces of electrodes (6,7) facing away from an electrolyte (2).    USE - Especially for test series to optimize fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Allows easy match to different requirements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell has a pair of flat electrodes which are located opposite one another with the electrolyte between them. Each electrode has one main surface facing the electrolyte and one main surface facing away. A gas supply (10) surrounds the electrolyte-electrode pair arrangement in gas tight fashion and has flow channels (16) for supplying different gases to the surfaces of the electrodes facing away from the electrolyte. The gas supply is constructed in modular fashion, comprising the gas tight sleeve and the two structured inserts that are in contact mechanically with the surfaces of the electrodes facing away from the electrolyte.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell arrangement with several consecutively arranged fuel cells. Two consecutive sleeves are formed as a double sleeve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an illustration of a sectional view of the fuel cell.    electrolyte (2)    electrodes (6,7)    gas supply (10)    gas inlet and outlet (17,18)    sleeve (20,21)    inlets (22,23)
The bacterial active humate comprises biological potassium humate, butyric acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, nitrogen fixing bacteria, and humic acid. The production of humate comprises the following processes: crushing and oxidizing humus; mixing with organic weak acid for catalysis; stacking for 1-15 days; spraying the solution of other inorganic salt; inoculating strain; natural fermentation for 1-15 days; addition of potassium hydroxide to regulate pH to neutral; and stacking for ripening at room temperature. It has high activity, is slow releasing and is very effective.
The biological fertiliser is produced by mixing active bacteria-carrying humate, animal manure and inorganic fertilizer. The fertiliser has excellent complexing and ion exchange properties. It also contains bacteria-carrying sulphate radical as a nutrient carrier, which enables macro-elements, trace elements, and RE elements to be absorbed by crops more slowly and effectively for a long period of time. The fertiliser has high solubility and plasticity.
The catalyst includes: (1) At least one oxy salt of alkali or alkali earth metal and with S as central atom; (2) At least one oxide, halide or sulfate of manganese or other compound capable of being pyrolysed into MnO2; and (3) SiO2 carrier.    USE -   In the oxidation and coupling reaction of methane.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst can transfer methane at the condition of low content and no diluent gas into higher hydrocarbon in high selectivity, and the reaction tail gas has higher hydrocarbon (mainly C2) content. The catalyst is favourable to the industrial oxidation and coupling reaction of methane.
The measuring element contains an electrically conducting spinel or an electrically conducting pseudobrookite to improve the corrosion resistance of the element.    USE -   For determining the concentration of oxidisable components, esp. hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia.    ADVANTAGE -   The spinel and pseudobrookite have high corrosion resistance at high temperatures, low tendency to form sulphates and high selectivity for oxidisable gaseous compounds.
In a process for determining oxidisable components in a gas mixture, a current produced by the electrochemical oxidation of a gas component to be determined is measured between the reference electrode and the working electrode.    USE -   For determining oxidisable components in a gaseous mixture.    ADVANTAGE -   Each oxidisable component can be identified and the concentration measured.    INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Information: The measured current is a short circuit current. The electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte is used to control the temperature of the electrolytic cell. An alternating voltage is applied to the reference electrode of an additional electrode above the solid electrolyte body and is in the range of 0.1-106 Hz , esp. 1-200 KHz. The amplitude of the alternating voltage is (5m-) 50 mV.
Halogenated fluorocarbons are converted by heating to a sufficiently high temperature to react with methane.    USE -   The process is useful for converting the halogenated fluorocarbon (especially chlorinated or brominated fluorocarbons (halons), particularly halon 1301 (CF3Br) or halon 1211 (CF2ClBr), claimed), and iodinated fluorocarbons or hydrofluorocarbons to useful products. Halogenated fluorocarbons are hazardous to the environment, are harmful to humans, and contribute to depletion of the ozone layer and/or global warming). Reaction products include, e.g. mono-bromomethane and trifluoromethane.    ADVANTAGE -   The method is simpler than incineration.
NOVELTY - Organic material is degraded in a mixed, microbially competitive environment by adding a recombinant microorganism (A), in the presence of at least one substrate (I) not normally degraded by indigenous microbes but used as substrate by (A).    When (A) uses (I) as energy source it expresses at least one enzyme that degrades the organic material.    USE -   The method, which is specifically used to degrade surfactants in e.g. the bioremediation of water and soil can also be applied to other suitable substrates including dyes, synthetic polymers, regenerated protein or cellulose, adhesives, lubricants, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls.    ACTIVITY - None given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Enzymatic.    ADVANTAGE -   (A) have a competitive advantage because they can use (I) as energy source, so grow well and express enzyme efficiently. The method does not require adding an analogue of the target material and is effective even when the concentration of target material is below that normally required to support microbial growth.
Harmful hydrogen chloride is generated when domestic waste is heated by a heat processor (1). The hydrogen chloride is made to contact a reagent that contains an alkali matter and is formed into a harmless chloride such as NaCl, KCl.    The palletised domestic waste is mixed with the reagent in a crushing and mixing unit (5).    USE -   For dechlorinating palletised inflammable domestic waste to produce an harmless product.    ADVANTAGE -   Dioxin generation is effectively eliminated.
NOVELTY - During composting, the surface of organic waste is exposed to atmospheric air and eroded by coal ash.    USE -   The method is useful for re-using organic waste from home and food industries for use as manure (compost).    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is reused as manure with minimum capital investment and composting is performed efficiently without generating a bad smell.
A water gas shift reaction chamber (2a) filled with a CO shift catalyst (2) is configured with barrier plates (3,4) on both sides. A modifier filled with reforming catalyst (5) is formed by laminating a reforming chamber (1a) and a heat chamber (1b). A gas is flown into the reforming chamber and is sent through the water gas shift reaction chamber in a countercurrent flow. In the downstream side of reforming chamber, several holes (6) are provided to enable gas flow into the reaction chamber. All the chambers have respective inlets and outlets.    USE -   To process natural gas, methanol.    ADVANTAGE -   Quantity of catalyst used is adjusted just by changing the height of the chamber. Heat loss is mitigable with reduction of pipe length. Installation space and cost are reduced.
NOVELTY - Preprocessing of organic sludge is performed by adding a mixture of pulp, ferric chloride and lime to it. The preprocessed sludge is subjected to continuous vacuum dehydration treatment.    USE -   The process is useful for compost disposal.    ADVANTAGE -   Additional amounts of ferric chloride and lime are reduced and a reduction in the moisture content of organic sludge, reduces the amount of combustion promoter to be used during incineration therefore reducing incineration ash produced.
NOVELTY - A horizontal perforated panel (10) is formed in the internal lower part of a fermenter (1). A stir shaft (2) pierces through the perforated panel centre. A feeding tube (4) with a screw conveyor (5) is installed along the outer wall of the fermenter. The organic refuse supplied through the insertion opening arranged in the lower part of the feeding tube is supplied to the internal upper end of the fermenter using the screw conveyor. A refuse circuit (7) supplies the half processed refuse accumulated on the perforated panel and a product circuit (8) supplies the processed product. A product extraction opening (11) with a lid (11') is provided to remove the product.    USE -   The apparatus is used for the manufacture of compost.    ADVANTAGE -   The installation area of the fermenter is reduced. Injection is easier and processing time is reduced. Humidity and temperature of the organic refuse is maintained suitable for zymosis and hence composting is faster.
The apparatus comprises a crushing room where the refuse is crushed to wafer. The churning unit guides the refuse to the crusher which is equipped with an upper and lower lid. The crushing room is equipped with water for cleaning and has an exit for drain water. The crushed and cleaned refuse are fed to a biotechnology processing room where the organic refuse is processed by the microorganisms.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for processing organic refuse generated in the home or in restaurants etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus offers a good intimate contact between the refuse and microorganisms due to the wafer thin crushing of the refuse. It also enables safe crushing operation by churner assembly by avoiding the use of pusher rod.
NOVELTY - The apparatus (100) has a decomposition tank (103) with organic refuse inserted through an opening (101)for decomposition using micro-organisms. The refuse is mixed by stir wings (105) which are driven by a motor (107). A net (113) for removing the foreign material from the refuse is provided at the upper side (103a) of the tank. The net is turned towards a foreign material receptacle interlocked with the operation of stir wings for ejection of the collected foreign materials.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Rupture of the stir wings due to the presence of foreign material is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows model block diagram of organic refuse processing apparatus. (100) Organic refuse processing apparatus; (101) Opening; (103) Decomposition tank; (103a) Upper side; (105) Stir wing; (107) Motor; (113) Foreign material removal net (RA).
NOVELTY - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PBCs) are reacted with microorganisms having PCB-decomposing ability. These specific microorganisms are stabilised by cells which are immobilised on a polymer carrier.    USE -   For the biological decomposition of PCBs.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables complete decomposition of PCBs without forming any toxic byproducts. Is effective against high concentrations of PCBs. The process costs are reduced as the immobilised cells can be used repeatedly.
NOVELTY - A combustor (5) and a reformer (3) for fuel battery (4), are provided in the same receptacle (12). The waste gas released from cathode is passed into the combustor and then to the modifier    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The differential voltage in receptacle and battery, is suppressed to a small value within a permissible value during plant emergency trip. Therefore, the electricity is generated economically. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the block diagram of fuel battery electricity generator. (3) Reformer; (4) Fuel battery; (5) Combustor; (12) Receptacle.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte film (1) is laminated on either sides with air permeable catalyst layer (2) and conductive electrode layer (3). The electrolyte film assembly is accommodated in a gas manifold (6) formed in a conductive collector separator (5). Comb shaped flow path for gas supply (12) and flow path for gas ejection (13) are formed in the collector separator in mutually isolated state.    USE -   Used in portable power supply , for electric vehicles, domestic power supply system.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables high efficient operation at low pressure gas supply and small capacity. Avoids drying of electrolyte film. Improves endurance by suppressing carbon monoxide poisoning. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows plan and sectional view of comb shaped gas flow path. (1) Polymer electrolyte film; (2) Catalyst layer; (3) Electrode layer; (5) Collector separator; (12) Comb shaped flow path for gas supply; (13) Comb shaped gas supply for gas ejection.
NOVELTY - A porous carbon board (4A) having gas conduction path supplies heating gas to an anode (2). The anode is arranged on one side surface of a matrix (1). A cathode (3) is arranged on the other side of the matrix. A gas conduction path is formed on porous carbon board (4B) to supply oxidizing agent gas to cathode. The inside of the carbon board facing the cathode and anode are provided with slots extending in gas flow directions. A porous filler with pore smaller than that of the carbon board is filled inside the slot.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables effective recovery of phosphoric acid. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows isometric view of battery. (1) Matrix; (2) Anode; (3) Cathode.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte aggregate is formed by arranging an anode and a cathode to both main surface of a flat solid electrolyte. A multilayered body is formed by laminating a separator (1) and radially projecting rib (2) on both main surfaces of the solid electrolyte. A slot (3) is formed such that it prolongs from main surfaces of the separator. Heating gas feed pipe (4) and oxidizing gas feed pipe (5) are inserted in slot formed along the main surface of the separator.    USE -   For solid oxide type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces size of separator thus reducing size of battery. The supply gas is preheated. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a separator of solid oxide type fuel battery perspective, sectional view along X-X and sectional view along Y-Y. (1) Separator; (2) Radially projecting rib; (3) Slot; (4) Feed pipe; (5) Oxidizing gas feed pipe.
NOVELTY - A splicer (4) is connected into slot (2) formed in the case (1) welded with the cap (5). Sealant (3) for preventing liquid leakage is filled at the gap between case and the cap. Nozzles (6) are coupled to the cap through fastener. Hollow fibre membranes (7) are connected to respective slots provided in the cap.    USE -   In water purification system and purifying foodstuff, drinks like coffee, tea, fruit juice and pharmaceutical agents.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables easy exchange material of hollow fibre membrane thus simplifies maintenance management. Offers removing module case. The waste water obtained from foodstuff manufacturing and wafer polishing is purified easily. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of the hollow fibrous membrane. (1) Case; (2) Slot; (3) Sealant; (4) Splicer; (5) Cap; (6) Nozzles; (7) Fibre membranes (RA).
NOVELTY - Polylactic resin is decomposed by bacteria belonging to the Bacillus genus including Bacillus subtilis (FERMP-16181), Bacillus circulans (FERMP-16182) and Bacillus stearothermophilus (FERMP-16183). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the decomposition of polylactic resin using bacteria belonging to the heat resistant Bacillus genus.    USE -   For treatment of biological waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The decomposition method using the specific bacteria enables effective processing of polylactic resin waste. The polylactic resin can also be converted into useful substances such as organic acid.
NOVELTY - The gas separation membrane is formed from a regiospecific polyamide-imide, formed by reacting specific aromatic diimide dicarboxylic acid with selected aromatic diamines. The resultant polyamide-imide has a predetermined polymeric structure resulting in improved gas separation properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The regiospecific polyamide-imide comprises units of formula (I), where Ar1 = independently metaphenylene diamine, 2,6-toluene diamine, 2,4-toluene diamine, or naphthalene diamine; Ar2 is diaminomesitylene; and n = 25-160 . An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the separation of a component from a gas mixture having at least two components, by bringing the gas mixture into contact with a semi-permeable membrane formed from the above regiospecific polyamide-imide such that one component of the gas mixture selectively permeates the membrane, thereby separating that component from the mixture.    USE -   The polyamide-imide membrane is used for separating components of a gas mixture. The membranes are useful in a wide variety of gas separation applications, including separation of oxygen/nitrogen, helium/nitrogen and carbon dioxide/methane.    ADVANTAGE -   The membrane has improved gas separation properties due to predetermined polymeric structure obtained.
NOVELTY - the system contain a PEM fuel cell (BZ), a compressor (K) for compressing the process air fed into the fuel cell, an expander (E) coupled to the compressor for driving the compressor and a catalytic burner (KatBr) heat source. The cathode output gas of the fuel cell is fed to the catalytic burner as its air supply and the expander is operated with the output gas from the burner.    USE -   of operating a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell system    ADVANTAGE -   a higher degree of efficiency is achieved DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - the drawing shows the PEM fuel cell, compressor, expander and catalytic burner(KatBr) (BZ) fuel cell; (K) compressor; (E)expander; (KatBr) catalytic burner.
NOVELTY - In the removal impurities and odor from in effluent air (19) emerging from tanks or chambers (10), the air (10, 19) is mixed with ionized air (18, 34) in a number of sequential stages.    USE - To remove impurities and odor from air emerging from e.g. sewage and water treatment works, drying installations, composting installations and breweries.    ADVANTAGE - The treated effluent air (5) may be released into the atmosphere free of impurities and odor.
The process, conducted in system of reactors, using catalyst including metal from VIII group of Periodic system, is based on conversion of methane to hydrocarbons with above 1 C atoms, and hydrogen. To improve results, additional hydrocarbon material with C atoms number above 3 (I) is added to starting methane material, in amount at least 5.0 wt.% per total amount of hydrocarbon material supplied to reactor, and process is conducted on catalyst containing platinum group metal with degree of oxidation "n" above 0, at partial pressure of methane at least 0.05 MPa and at temperature at least 440C. Methane is supplied to reactor at rate at least 60 nm3 per m3 of catalyst per hour.    Preferably catalyst preferably consists (in wt.%):electron-deficient platinum (with energy of valency electron level 4d 5/2 equal 317.5 0.2 eV, n=2) (0.1-1.0), chlorine (0.6-1.5), promoters (rhenium, tin or sulphur) (at least 0.1), and balance support consisting of oxides of III-IV group metals or their mixtures. Material (I) can be a): wide benzine fraction boiling within range 85-185C, and in such case process is conducted at partial pressure of methane up to 2.5 MPa and results in production of high octane fuel components and hydrogen, or b): (I) narrow hydrocarbon fraction boiling at 62-85C, 85-105C or 105-140C, with process conducted at partial pressure of methane upto 1.5 MPa and temperature at least 460C, and leading to production of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen.    USE -   In gas processing industry, as new non-oxidizing process of methane conversion.    ADVANTAGE -   New process makes possible catalytic conversion of methane to valuable hydrocarbon products such as engine fuel components, aromatic hydrocarbons and 2-5C aliphatic hydrocarbons.
A process for preparing a pitch foam with microcellular structure and uniform pore size comprises: (a) pressing pitch, (b) placing the pressed article in a pressure vessel, (c) introducing an inert gas under a pressure of 200-500 psi, (d) heating the pressed article to 10-40C. above the melting temperature of the pitch, (e) introducing additional inert gas, under pressure, to obtain a final pressure of 1,000-1,500 psi, (f) holding for 10-40 minutes, (g) venting the vessel to atmospheric pressure to provide a porous foam, (h) stabilising the foam at an elevated temperature in an oxygen-containing environment, and (i) cooling to ambient temperature at a cooling rate of about 0.1-5C per minute.    USE -   Pitch foams are used as coatings, soil aerators, humidity regulators and insulators in the building industry. Carbon and graphite foams are used in structural and non-structural applications including core material to replace aluminium in honeycomb panels, composite mandrels or tooling, sound insulation around engine casings, support structures for satellite antennae and core materials for safety fuel cells, liquid fuel tanks and heat exchangers.
NOVELTY - The organic waste containing moisture is subjected to pressure application in a mixing chamber. Fermentation of the organic waste is then carried out in a fermentation unit. A fertiliser reduction unit is provided to supply the unfermented organic waste to the mixing chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the apparatus.    USE -   The process is useful for manufacturing manure from organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is effectively processed using a simple method.
NOVELTY - A catalyst receptacle has an inner and outer cylinder (3,5) in a coaxial position with a catalyst layer (1) inbetween. A heater is provided in the inner portion to heat the catalyst layer. Fuel like hydrocarbon is guided into the receptacle, so that a reforming gas with high hydrogen concentration is obtained by steam refining. Several heat transfer fins (2A) are provided on the inner cylinder in an axial direction to the wall surface. The ratio of the length and height of the fins is 6 or less.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal stressing of the fins is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the catalyst receptacle of the modifier. (1) Catalyst layer, (2A) Heat transfer fin, (3,5) Inner and outer cylinder.
NOVELTY - A leakage gap (12) between organic refuse and porous material is established in the inner side of a decomposition chamber (2) surrounded with a bar and rotation shaft. A control unit (14) controls the rotation of the stir vane which rotates intermittently after a predefined time interval.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus has a decomposition chamber (2) which contains a porous material (1) with bacteria for decomposing organic refuse. A stir vane (4) with arms is attached to a rotation shaft (6) which is rotated by a motor (13). The porous material and organic refuse are stirred by the stir vane. The arm of the stir vane uses a long slender bar (7) whose ends are shifted axially at the rotating shaft. A control unit (14) is also provided in the chamber.    USE -   For decomposing organic refuse discharged from homes using bacteria.    ADVANTAGE -   Deposition of organic refuse is prevented. Organic refuse is efficiently decomposed. Stirring is effectively performed by stir vane.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a treatment tank containing organic refuse (for fermentation) and a moisture adjusting material. The vanes arranged in the treatment tank enable the mixing of the tank contents, which are heated by a heater. A controller controls the air supply and exhausting of air in the tank. A detector detects the moisture contents of moisture adjusting material and a microcomputer computes the moisture contents value from the detection signals. An abnormality detector detects the abnormalities pertaining to the moisture adjusting material.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for activated organic refuse processing.    ADVANTAGE -   The exchange work of organic refuse moisture adjusting material is simplified and the generation of bad odour during refuse storage is also reduced.
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of a fermenter (1) provided with a churning cross-arm (10) and a heating unit. The organic waste is heated, stirred and fermented by aerobic bacteria to obtain a compost. An electrolysis ion water generator (21) is provided to form an alkali ion water. The alkali ion water is supplied to the fermenter through an ejection pipe (22).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the organic waste processing method which involves supplying alkali ion water to the fermenter such that the moisture content of the organic waste provided in the fermenter is 10% or more.    USE -   For processing organic waste such as organic refuse generated from home, restaurant.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermenter is maintained in a condition suitable for zymosis. The decomposition ratio of the compost is enhanced. A fine compost which can be easily treated is obtained.
NOVELTY - The biodegradation of polychlorophenyl compounds (PCB) is performed using thermophilic bacteria.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The decomposition of PCB is quick. The size and cost of processing apparatus is reduced. The processing time is reduced and the process efficiency is enhanced. Sterilisation procedure is simplified as the decomposition process is performed at high temperature.
NOVELTY - A plastics processed product is heat processed after mixing with potassium hydrogen carbonate in a mixer (2). The heat processed product is then processed by a granulator (5) to obtain pellets (7) which are reused as fuel, and the plastic content is solidified as a binder.    USE -   Used for solidifying processed products from home or offices to obtain fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   Detrimental chlorine gas is effectively removed. Generation of dioxime is prevented and improves combustibility of processed product.
NOVELTY - The processed product is heat processed after mixing with potassium hydrogen carbonate dechlorinating agent in mixer (2) at different temperature zones. The formed product is then solidified in pellet shape (7).    USE -   For solidifying processed product from general home and office to obtain fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   Detrimental chlorine is effectively removed and generation of dioxime is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the processing steps involved during solidification process. (2) mixer ; (7) Pellet.
NOVELTY - The processed product along with chlorine gas and potassium hydrogen carbonate dechlorinating agent is heated and then solidified into the shape of a pellet (7).    USE -   For solidifying waste obtained from homes or offices.    ADVANTAGE -   Pellets without harmful chlorine gas is obtained by materialising gas reacted with dechlorination agent. Detrimental chlorine gas in exhaust gas is effectively removed, thereby preventing generation of dioxine. Facilitates usage of pellet as convenient solidification fuel.
NOVELTY - The capsule is filled with useful bacterial spore containing material (2), silica (3) and magnesium (4).    USE -   For biological treatment of water, organic refuse processing etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Germination of useful bacterial spores is carried out easily. Biodegradation of organic matter during water treatment and organic refuse processing is promoted.
NOVELTY - Industrial waste and other refuse are collected and mixed with the culture medium for the mushroom cultivation.    USE -   The medium is useful for mushroom cultivation.    ADVANTAGE -   The sources for the medium are more cost effective and aids in re-using waste materials efficiently.
NOVELTY - Fermentation of organic wastes of agriculture, fishery and live stock comprises repeated circulation of organic waste in a porous solid organic culture medium containing live stock wastes, wood chip and bark. By controlling the spawn supply and by adjusting moisture, fermentation of above organic waste is carried out.    USE -   The fermentation is useful for producing soil fertiliser.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation process achieves facilitated uniform blending and granulation of spawn and promotion of high efficiency zymosis.
The detector has a gas sensor (S) uses a metallic oxide semiconductor as sensation gas. A load resistor (RL) is connected in series with the gas sensor. An alternative voltage output circuit (1) is connected with the gas sensor which applies voltage for detection. A detection circuit (4) detects gas by voltage variation of the load resistor accompanied by variation in resistor value of sensation gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhances accurate detection. Offers high power saving.
NOVELTY - A calculator (2) estimates the cell voltage when refilling the electrolyte ullage and the electrolyte ullage which varies with respect to variation in quantity and cell voltage. The electrolyte consumption amount and the refilling amount of electrolyte are calculated based on the information recorded in a recording device (1). Based on the calculated results, the service conditions and the shut down period are set up and the refilling quantity of electrolyte corresponding to the electrolyte ullage is estimated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel battery stack has a cell constituted by an oxygen pole and a fuel pole with a separator inbetween, formed on respective side of an electrolyte substrate. Fuel is poured between the separator and the fuel pole. A gas of oxidizing agent is passed into a gas passage formed between the separator and the oxygen pole. The amount of fuel which changes with respect to time, the amount and the flow rate of gas passed into gas passage, operating pressure, load current density, cell voltage, battery temperature and the refilling amount of melted carbonate electrolyte into the cell are recorded in the recording device.    USE -   For melted carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Calculates amount of electrolyte during refilling, quantitatively. Enables stable and prolonged operation of battery by using proper amount of electrolyte. Sets up suitable operation program, by estimating cell voltage exactly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates structure of fuel battery. (2) Recording device; (3) Calculator.
A process regulates the supply of air to a compost heap in which waste organic materials are broken down. The compost heap has a six temperature sensors linked to the air flow control system, which regulates the supply of air to the underneath face of the heap. The temperature sensors are fitted at regular intervals to a lance which is thrust into the heap. The sensors detect the difference in temperature between the measuring points, The flow control system compares the actual temperatures with target values, and regulates the flow of air accordingly. The temperature sensors are at regular intervals of from 100 to 400 mm. The lance is inserted at an angle alpha to the horizontal of between 35 and 45 degrees.    USE -   Process to regulate the supply of air to the under face of an aerobic compost heap for refuse disposal.    ADVANTAGE -   The process optimises the rate at which the composting process advances.
NOVELTY - A process and assembly to render kitchen wastes harmless and fit for disposal. Moist kitchen organic wastes are introduced into a drying chamber (101) into which hot air is then blown, evaporating water vapour from the food. Water vapour is then removed from the air. Alternatively, moist organic residues are introduced into a drying chamber (201) in which an electro- magnetic field is generated. The electro-magnetic field is partly absorbed by the organic wastes which are heated to release water vapour.    USE -   The process and assembly produce dry organic residues devoid of flies, maggots, bacteria, pathogens and spores.    ADVANTAGE -   The dry organic kitchen wastes are less likely to trigger allergies in nearby humans (RA).
A method for transporting natural gas comprises: (a) providing natural gas from a source at a remote site of origin; (b) at the remote site, converting the natural gas into and maximising the production of long-chain, non-volatile, solid paraffin wax hydrocarbons in the 20-36C range; (c) transporting the long-chain, non-volatile, solid paraffin wax hydrocarbons in solid form from the remote site to a local site; and (d) at the local site, storing, hydrocracking and combining the long-chain paraffin wax hydrocarbons with a feedstock, to recover the energy content of the long-chain paraffin wax hydrocarbons to produce a useful fuel product.    USE -   For transporting the energy content of a natural gas hydrocarbon fuel from a remote site of origin to a local site for use.    ADVANTAGE -   By intentionally producing heavy paraffin wax products from the natural gs synthesis, and then terminating the refining process until after the hydrocarbons have been transported to a local site nearer to the end use, many of the dangers of transporting crude and refined oil and liquefied natural gas are avoided. The gas is converted at the remote site to a solid form which floats on water, will not explode or boil upon contact with air in the same manner as liquid natural gas, and which does not diffuse or disperse like oil, such that it can be transported in solid form in a manner that is non-reactive, non-explosive, and non-toxic with the surrounding environment from the remote site to the local site.
A garbage fermenting apparatus includes a closed fermentative tank (2) provided with a closable port (1) through which both fermentative and non-fermentative garbage may be fed, and a closed full-maturation tank (4) downstream of the fermentative tank having an ejection port (3) with an automatic open/close lid.    First and second heaters (5,6) are attached to the outside surfaces of the tanks, the first heater generating a higher calorific value than the second, both heaters being temperature controlled.    Impellers (9,10) are installed in both tanks and serve to agitate and break down the garbage. A sieve (13) divides fully-fermentative-processed matter ejected from the full-maturation tank into a fully-matured powder (11) and non-fermentative matter (12).    USE -   The apparatus is for processing both fermentative and non-fermentative garbage.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus, which is capable of operating stably over a long period of time produces and separates fully-matured powder and non-fermentative matter quickly on a small scale.
NOVELTY - Several fuel batteries are coupled serially and parallelly using fuel pipings (3) and pneumatic pipings (2). Air and hot gas are supplied to the pack. The pipings are further connected electrically in parallel and in series.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Compact device is offered with improved battery life characteristics. Reduction of cell characteristics, wiring loss etc are prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure (1) is the schematic block diagram of fuel battery pack. (2) Pneumatic piping; (3) Fuel piping.
NOVELTY - A storage unit stores remaining hydrogen supplied neither to fuel battery nor to modifier burner for combustion, and supplies it to external side. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel modifier (11) reforms the original fuel and forms hydrogen gas which is supplied to fuel pole (15) of the fuel battery. Any unreacted hydrogen and waste gases from the fuel pole is supplied by pipeline (114) to the burner inlet of the modifier. The heat generated by the reactions in the fuel battery is circulated to the heat exchanger (20) for high temperature heat recovery to convert water to steam in the steam separator (23). The pipeline (113) conveys the steam to the modifier for mixing with the original fuel for hydrogen generation.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates effective usage of fuel through storage unit. Enhances life span of modifier by preventing thermo cycle and keeping modifier temperature constant. Generate additional heat when heat demand is greater than thermal output of fuel battery by producing hydrogen from steam. Facilitates changing of thermal output without changing electrical output. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic composition of fuel battery. (11) Fuel modifier; (15) Fuel pole; (20) Heat exchanger; (23) Steam separator; (113,114) Pipelines.
NOVELTY - Several fuel battery stacks (1-a,1-b) are electrically connected in series or parallel corresponding to the series or parallel connection of fuel and pneumatic pipes of the fuel battery stacks. A flow regulating valve (11) adjusts the amount of heating gas and air supplied to the fuel battery stacks based on the battery stack current density detected by a sensor (10).    USE -   For power supply distribution.    ADVANTAGE -   Couples fuel battery stacks without causing excessive pressure loss and increase in current capacity. Achieves size reduction without reducing electricity generation efficiency. Adjusts fuel flow quantity corresponding to deviation in electricity generation. Simplifies composition of flow regulating valve. Prevents characteristic reduction of battery cell. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts block diagram of fuel battery module for electric power distribution. (1-a,1-b) Fuel battery stacks; (10) Sensor; (11) Flow regulating valve.
NOVELTY - The waste treatment tank comprises an activating unit by which 40% of the solid organic refuse is decomposed within 24 hours. The odour generated during decomposition of refuse is suppressed. The organic refuse is mixed with microorganisms by rotation within a fermenter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for waste processing apparatus.    USE -   The method is useful for treating organic refuse from food industry, fisheries, agriculture and livestock processings.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing of excessive refuse can be performed with deodorisation. Long terms stability of the microorganism is ensured.
NOVELTY - Deoxyribose nucleic acids (DNA) of different microorganisms are classified based on specific gravity to remove DNA of undesirable microorganisms. The selectively classified DNA is amplified. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for qualitative and quantitative estimation of microorganisms comprising categorising amplified DNA fragments and estimating the type and quantity of microorganisms present in the sample based on the DNA fragments.    USE -   For qualitative and quantitative estimation of microorganisms in organic waste e.g. kitchen waste to estimate extent of organic waste decomposition during compost formation.    ADVANTAGE -   Qualitative and quantitative estimation of microorganisms in organic waste is performed simply and accurately.
NOVELTY - Organic waste is processed with timber wafers which are used as carriers for microorganism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing equipment which has a receipt tank (1) for a mixture of timber wafers and organic waste, and a stirrer (11).    USE -   For processing organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is processed easily by using microorganisms adhered to the timber wafers, for decomposing the organic refuse.
Decontamination of waste building materials comprises: (a) removing the pollutants by elution with water; (b) passing the elution water to a detoxification reactor (1) fixed bed in which the pollutants are then rendered harmless by micro-biological break-down; (c) returning the elution water to the decontamination rector (2) and re-using it for elution; and (d) innoculating material used in the detoxification reactor fixed bed with autochthonous micro-organisms from the building residues which are to be decontaminated. The detoxification reactor (1) is a pile of building rubble with an elution water supply (3) and a water outlet (4) linked to the decontamination reactor (2).    USE -   Process and an assembly are used to decontaminate waste building materials.    ADVANTAGE -   Following treatment as described, the waste building residues require no hazardous waste treatment which would attract additional disposal charges.
In a process to de-toxify polluted soil (1) located in the vicinity of water-bearing soil or rock layers and extending laterally over a wide area, the novelty is that: (a) the unpolluted overhead layers (3) of soil are excavated and placed nearby in a heap; (b) a pit (5) is dug in one part (4) of the polluted layer (1), and water from the polluted layer (1) drains into the pit (5); (c) the part (4) of the polluted layer (1) is fluidised by the application of mechanical energy; (d) water draining into the pit (5) is pumped away and the pollutants are either treated and rendered harmless or are allowed to sediment, or are discharged to the drains; (e) cleaned soil is removed from the pit (5) and deposited upon an adjacent heap (6); (f) the pit (5) margins (7) are subjected to further mechanical energy and further soil (1) sectors (8) are progressively fluidised and treated; (g) after the entire soil layer (1) has been processed, the heaps (6) are returned.    USE -   On-site process to de-toxify a layer of soil in the vicinity of water-bearing soil layers.    ADVANTAGE -   The process can be implemented rapidly, is simple and effective.
Utilisation of organic waste liquor with a high carbohydrate content, especially from industries producing starch, involves conversion to a culture medium for micro-organisms by purification from solids and sterile filtration. After transfer to a fermenter, the material is inoculated with carbohydrate-reducing micro-organisms and the cell culture is left for several days, then discharged from the fermenter. The micro-organisms are removed from the purified waste liquor and worked up.    USE -   The process is especially useful for converting the carbohydrates to -1,3-glucan paramylon (claimed). This is useful for making packaging and films (claimed). It also has biological activity, i.e. can cause cascade activation of the immune system of humans and animals and counteract the growth of tumours, viral infections (Aids) or skin damage caused by radiation, promote healing and prevent wrinkles, making it useful as additive to cosmetics, salves and creams.    ADVANTAGE -   The process uses little energy and avoids the need for costly photo-bioreactors. It is suitable for clarifying large amounts of organic waste liquor and gives a valuable by-product. Paramylon can be obtained in very pure form, not contaminated with e.g. various proteins, and biodegradable.
In the process, mechanical treatment is followed by two-stage air drying. In the new process, treated waste enters the solid bed reactor (3). In passing through, it undergoes intensive aeration on a reciprocating perforated screen. Pre-dried waste leaves the reactor to be loosened-up mechanically (8) and enters a second drying stage, where it passes through a solid bed reactor (9). Further intensive aeration on a perforated reciprocating screen takes place.    Also claimed is the corresponding plant for this process.    USE -   A wet residue, drying and conditioning process.    ADVANTAGE -   This process can be used as an optimising pretreatment for e.g. pyrolysis, gasification or incineration plant. The subject process improves the mechanical characteristics, density and moisture content of the feed. A high degree of automation is feasible. Plant dimensions, throughput and operational parameters are suggested in the text of the disclosure.
In a process and assembly to generate biogas from rotting material especially an anaerobic decomposition process, the raw incoming organic material is placed within an enclosed container with an inlet and an outlet.    The novelty is that: (a) the rotting material advances quasi-continuously on a conveyor within the container; (b) the rotting material has a residence period within the container of 7-20 (preferably 14) days; (c) the rotting process is continuously monitored, and the rate of biogas production used to determine the time at which fresh material is to be introduced; (d) the centre section of the assembly is warmed as required by waste heat from an adjacent composting assembly.    USE -   Anaerobic process and assembly is used to produce biogas from rotting organic material.    ADVANTAGE -   The production of biogas continues throughout the process especially during the introduction of fresh composting material.
Composting system with vertical insulated composting tower with one or more chambers, the base of each chamber being fitted with a plenum (7) and grate (6) through which air is induced and output is daily removed.    Also claimed is a method which includes: (a) inducing low air flow through compost pile using column energy; (b) utilizing high temperature pyro/thermopylic microorganism activity in pile; (c) retaining pile energy above stoichiometric levels by controlling induced air flow; (d) utilizing evolved gas extraction; and (e) maintaining constant biofilm by combined aerobic/anaerobic operation; and removing biomass regularly.    USE -   Composting system suitable for a range of biomass. Daily production rates are up to 100m3 (or 200m3 if accelerated in a 1000m3 chamber; power demand is 10W/m3 for air, 950W/m3 for shredder, and 5W/m3 for controls.    ADVANTAGE -   The biomass requires no agitation, giving lower odour potential, and is low cost. The system filters the odours produced by anaerobic reactions, and can be situated close to urban areas, reducing collection and disposal costs, as well as increasing potential sales of finished products. The insulated pile energy is sufficient to induce draft in excess of requirements. The system maintains an active biofilm which assists the self-filtering process.
Production of H2 containing concentrations of CO and CO2 below a given level involves reacting steam with alcohol and/or hydrocarbon vapour at 200-600C and at least two atmospheres pressure. The reaction is performed near a H2-permeable and H2-selective membrane so that the H2 and the CO and CO2 above the given concentration level permeate the membrane. The permeate is contacted with a methanation catalyst at 200-600C so that the CO and CO2 are converted to CH4. A stream of H2 containing a reduced level of CO and CO2 is withdrawn from the catalyst bed.    Also claimed is a steam reformer comprising a tubular H2-permeable and H2-selective membrane (54); a first bed (62) containing a reforming catalyst and surrounding (part of) the membrane; an inlet (30) for H2O, alcohol and hydrocarbon vapours; an outlet (38) for releasing reforming byproduct gases; an element for heating the first bed to 200-600C; a second bed (56) on the permeate side of the membrane containing a methanation catalyst; and an outlet (14) for withdrawing H2.    USE -   The purified hydrogen@ is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   No separate hydrogen purification apparatus is required.
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide are removed from a gas stream by contacting the stream with a treating solution comprising 25-50 wt.% of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and 3-15%wt.% of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol.    USE -   In the treatment of natural gas (claimed) in the oil and gas industry.    ADVANTAGE -   Using the amines in the specified ratio minimises the conversion of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol to bis(2-hydroxyethoxyethyl)urea (BHEEU) and obviates the need for a urea regeneration unit.
NOVELTY - Methane fermentation of the organic cordierite that includes organic waste water, organic sludge is performed in a digester (1) using anaerobic microorganism. A gas separation membrane (2) is permeable to high concentration methane gas generated by the digester. Another gas separation membrane (3) is permeable to carbon dioxide and retains methane. Methane from the separation membrane (3) is circulated to the membrane (2) and used by fuel battery. Carbon dioxide from both the gas separation membranes is transferred to high concentration carbon dioxide holder (19).    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Fuel capacity supplied to fuel batteries can be increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the systematic diagram showing recovery of methane gas. (1) Digestor; (2,3) Gas separation membranes; (19) High concentration carbon dioxide gas holder.
NOVELTY - A cell (C) consists of a cathode (2) and an anode (3), which are laminated to both sides of an electrolyte board (1) through separators (4). Collector boards (6A,6B) are interposed between the cell and the separators for holding the electrodes. The aperture forming rate in the collector boards is 30-40 wt.% or 65-80 wt.%. The diameter of pores in the cathode is 4.5 m.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electrical property by bringing the amount of carbonate impregnations of cathode near the set value. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sketch of the fuel battery. (1) Electrolyte board; (2) Cathode; (3) Anode; (4) Separator; (6A,6B) Collector boards; (C) Cell.
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of serially arranged rotating drums with independent units for feeding raw material and for ejecting the exhaust gas. The rotating drums are connected by air tight coupling units (3). The coupling unit consists of a transfer portion, which enables the communication of the waste material to the exhaust drum (2), when the feed drum (1) rotates in the reverse direction. The volume of waste content towards the rear part of the feed drum is maintained to be greater than that of the front part.    USE -   For organic refuse and industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Decomposing of the organic waste is carried out efficiently.
NOVELTY - Several independent rotating drums are serially coupled through a coupling part (3) and connected air-tight. The raw material is mixed in drum (1), and zymosis is carried out in drum (2). Fermentation of the raw material takes place in drum (8). The amount of content of raw material in drum (2) is more than the amount of contents in drum (1), while the amount of contents in drum (8) and drum (1) are same. A transfer chute is formed in the coupling part, connecting the adjacent rotating drums through a vent. The raw material from drum (1) is transferred to the drum (2) by reverse rotation of drum (1) and right rotation of drum (2).    USE -   For fermentation of organic cordierites such as organic refuse, industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Fermentation of organic cordierites are performed efficiently and stably. Supply of raw material is performed continuously and quantitatively. Compost with low moisture content can be efficiently obtained from organic cordierite.
NOVELTY - An organic substance which has been pulverised and mixed with fermentation promoter is supplied to fermentation tanks (10) equipped with a stirrer (14) and temperature sensor (12) arranged serially. The temperature of each fermentation tank is detected based on which the amount of partially fermented organic substance conveyed from the downstream side tank to upstream side fermentation tank maintained at a constant temperature is controlled. The organic substance fermented is ejected by discharging apparatus (40).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a continuous processing apparatus equipped with conveyers (24,30) and control apparatus (50) for regulating the amount of partially fermented organic substance conveyed.    USE -   Used for processing organic refuse from restaurants.    ADVANTAGE -   The continuous processing of organic substance using a microorganism is automated and performed efficiently in a short duration. The environmental hygiene is improved and installation cost of the apparatus is minimised.
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of a fermenter (1) in which aerobic fermentation of processed organic waste is performed. A pH regulator supplier (28) supplies a pH regulator consisting of an alkaline metal salt to the organic waste when the pH is less then a predetermined value. A controller (33) controls the supply of pH regulator based on pH and metal ion concentration values of fermenter to maintain the metal ion concentration at a predetermined value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fermentation method of organic waste.    USE -   To process organic waste generated at home, restaurant, etc. for compost manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   pH and metal ion concentration in the fermenter are maintained at optimum values. Rate of decomposition of organic waste by aerobic bacteria is enhanced.
NOVELTY - Three fermenters (1a-1c) containing organic substances are arranged parallel on a flat surface. A fermenter carrier rail (3a) projects longitudinally in the upper portion of the fermenter. An electrically operated stir machine (10) mounted on a moving truck (5) is conveyed to one side of fermenter. The moving truck is provided with a truck top rail (9) and cable carrier supporting a feeder (15). The height and width of the truck top rail and fermenter rail (2a) are made equal. The rails are made to oppose, positions of carrier rails are adjusted and the stir machine is electrically operated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the stirring device of the composting apparatus.    USE -   For processing of waste organic substances.    ADVANTAGE -   Operation efficiency of stir machine is improved. The assembling method and processing of composting apparatus is performed inexpensively. The stirring method of organic substance in the fermenters are effectively carried out by the electrically operated stir machine.
NOVELTY - The carbon and nitrogen weight ratio (C/N) in the compost obtained after processing is 9.5 or less. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of compost, using a compost raw material which has carbon and nitrogen weight ratio (C/N) as 10.5 or less and by maintaining the moisture retention of the raw material to 30-60%.    USE -   As fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   Compost having superior fertilization ability and high efficiency is manufactured.
NOVELTY - The system includes a modifier (126) with a reforming catalyst layer (113) in the form of a porous plate. The reforming catalyst is heated by a combustion chamber (112) and a gas feed zone supplies anode and cathode waste gas from fuel battery to the combustion chamber for heat exchange with combustion gas. The combustion chamber and the gas feed zone are also in the form of porous plates and are laminated with the reforming catalyst layer at the top to form lamination of three layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery comprises an anode and a cathode where electrochemical reaction with hydrogen and oxygen takes place. A modifier is present to reform the raw material gas by burning in the presence of water and generates reformed raw material gas containing hydrogen. The CO present in the reformed gas coming out of the modifier is reduced in a reactor present in the system.    USE -   For electricity generation in buildings, schools, hospitals etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel battery system is miniaturised and made compact by the lamination of porous plate structure. Heat loss is reduced and electricity generation efficiency is improved. Recovery of exhaust heat of reformed gas is performed and cooling of reformed gas or reactor is carried out efficiently.
NOVELTY - A fermenter (9) equipped with a heater and a stirrer is interconnected to an exhaust pipe (16) of a second deodorisation tank (18) which contains chlorine dioxide water. A pellet of organic waste is formed after fermentation, which is then dried.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the organic waste processing apparatus which consists of pellet manufacture equipment and a drier.    USE -   For manufacture of fertiliser pellets (claimed) from organic waste including garbage, animals and plant property dregs, and mowed grass.    ADVANTAGE -   Processing of organic waste is carried out effectively in a short time. Any bad smells generated during the manufacture of pellet fertiliser from the waste is prevented.
Microorganism carrier is prepared by using an inorganic material comprising 6-30 wt.% iron oxide, alumina and silicic acid. The inorganic material is baked and sintered in the presence of an inorganic binder to form a porous solid substance.    The inorganic material preferably comprises 30-65 wt.% silicic acid, 10-35 wt.% alumina, 2-7 wt.% magnesium oxide, 2-6 wt.% calcium oxide, 0.1-10 wt.% sodium oxide and 6-30 wt.% iron oxide.    USE -   The carrier is used for organic waste processing.    ADVANTAGE -   The carrier improves the living environment for microorganisms, has prolonged use and high far infrared ray radiation efficiency. Heating is not required when the atmospheric temperature is low. A large surface area is provided for bacterial growth. Organic waste is efficiently decomposed and generation of malodour is eliminated due to high adsorption capacity.
Production of feed for stock raising involves adding a crude fibre obtained from cereals to bean curd lees processed with lactic acid bacteria. The mixture is made into pellets and dried. Also claimed is production of an organic fertiliser which involves adding phosphoric acid and potash substance to bean curd lees processed with lactic acid bacteria. The mixture is made into pellets and dried.    USE -   The feed is used for organic fertiliser and feed for stock raising.    ADVANTAGE -   Large quantities of been curd lees discharged during tofu manufacture are used efficiently. Processing of large quantities of bean curd lees is simplified and economical.
Conversion of light gaseous hydrocarbons into higher hydrocarbons, liquid under normal temperature and pressure comprises a primary adsorption stage over a conversion catalyst and in the presence of a metallic compound which fixes the hydrogen formed during adsorption.    USE -   Used for the conversion of light gaseous hydrocarbons, particularly occurring in natural gas, to higher hydrocarbons liquefiable at ambient temperature.    ADVANTAGE -   The method is a satisfactory alternative to the classical Fischer-Tropsch process which necessitates complex costly equipment. Other advantages of the invention are: conversion to higher homologues with a high selectivity for liquid hydrocarbons, and an improved quality compared to previous processes; the presence of metallic H2-fixing compounds during the adsorption stage improves the efficiency and enables operation at relatively low temperatures. They also prevent the formation of carbon-rich species on the catalyst; the higher efficiency enables operation with reduced amounts of methane; and the heat released by formation of hydrides favours dissociation of the gaseous hydrocarbons on the catalyst, which, itself, is an endothermic reaction.
A covering for waste tips, cess pools, composting plants or waste bins comprises a tear-resistant permeable sheet substrate (12) combined with absorbent particles.    Preferably, the substrate (12) is a fleece, fibre layer, fabric or knitted fabric It is bonded as a composite (10) with open-celled, e.g. polyurethane foam (16) of specified porosity. Activated carbon powder forms the absorbent particles. Catalytic or chemi-sorptive substances can be impregnated into the activated carbon particles. The particles are bonded to the composite using e.g. acrylate-based adhesive.    USE -   To cover tips, allowing them to breath, without emitting odours.    ADVANTAGE -   Covering tips with earth is common, but uses up some of the tip capacity. Membranes improve the situation, but involve venting and possibly computer control of tip condition. The new sheet is a convenient alternative. As gas passes through it, odours are absorbed. It is easily handled and stable. Leading specifications of a suitable material are included in the text.
A new receptacle for domestic organic waste to produce compost and/or breed worms. One or more walls of the receptacle is adapted to allow the passage of worm castings and/or fluid through the wall. The walls that are apertured mesh and prevent passage of substantial quantities of organic matter and worms.    USE -   The receptacle is useful for producing compost from domestic organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The compost and worms are suspended off the ground enabling fluid to drain out of container.
A quick extrusion foaming process for producing a closed cell propylene resin foam comprises;    (A) feeding a propylene resin into an extruder;    (B) adding a nucleating agent to the resin feed;    (C) plasticating the mixture forming a melt;    (D) adding an organic blowing agent and/or an inorganic blowing agent to form a foamable composition;    (E) uniformly mixing and cooling the composition to a temperature effective for the expansion of the foam; and    (F) extruding or ejecting the mix through a die at a rate high enough to form a low density closed-cell foam with a Foamability Index greater than 1.9 and an Ebullition Time less than 2.0x10-4 seconds.    Also claimed is the low density closed-cell propylene resin foam.    USE -   The process is useful for the production of foamed thermoplastic material as an energy absorbing material for high speed impact protection and in acoustical and energy absorbing structures.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is simple, low cost and reliable and does not use stratospheric ozone harming compounds. The resulting foam has improved mechanical and heat resistance properties.
The separator (46) contains a composite of thin porous- carbon material and 316L stainless steel foil (48) of 0.005inches thick. Narrow porous graphite strips (50) are adhered to both anode side (52) and cathode side (54) of the metal foil (48) over which an electrically conductive adhesive layer of thickness 0.001 is formed.    Narrow channels are left between the graphite strips to form serpentine gas distribution channels (56,58). The width of the channels (56,58) is set different on the anode and cathode sides to accommodate different volumetric flow requirements of the air or oxygen on the cathode side and hydrogen or fuel gas on the anode side.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces stack height and weight significantly by using thin components in place of machined graphite bipolar plates.
NOVELTY - The battery has a cell (3) enclosed inside a primary plate (4) and a secondary plate (5) made of metal or alloy. A packing member (8) is inserted between the cell and secondary plate which has larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the secondary plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cell consists of a three layered film (1) and a separator (2). The layered film consists of a solid electrolyte film, an air film and liquid film. A gas passage (7) is formed above the three layered film. The cell is enclosed in the primary or secondary plate, and alternately stacked. Supply and ejection of gas is made through manifolds (6a-6h) formed on the plates.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Protects gas leakage due to crack from thermal expansion. Provides high durability and endurance. Improves safety. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows disassembled isometric view of battery. (1) Three layered film; (2) Separator; (3) Cell; (4) Primary plate; (5) Secondary plate; (7) Gas passage; (8) Packing member.
NOVELTY - A lamination block comprises several cells (31- 38) which are laminated via a division plate (9). A cooling plate (10) is arranged on upper and lower surfaces of the lamination block. The cross section of fuel gas passageway of adjacent cells is made to be nearly identical. The cross-section of the fuel gas passageway formed in the cell which is far part from the cooling plate is made to be larger than that of the passageway in other cells.    USE -   The multilayered battery is used to generate electric power by the electrochemical reaction of gaseous oxidising agent.    ADVANTAGE -   The multilayered fuel battery runs with stability. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows the principal parts of the multilayered fuel battery. (9) Division plate; (10) Cooling plate; (31-38) Cells.
NOVELTY - Plastic material contained in garbage is melted to bind the garbage which is ground in a grinder (13) to form fine fuel particles. The fine particles are burnt using a predetermined gas (14). The gas produced by combustion of the fine particles is used for driving an engine (17). The engine acts as a prime mover of a generator (19) for producing electric power.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids generation of detrimental gas while burning fine fuel particles obtained from garbage. Simplifies operation, reduces installation and running cost due to simple configuration of device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The diagram shows the flow chart of the process involved in utilisation of solid garbage fuel for generating power. (13) Grinder; (14) Producer gas; (17) Gas engine/turbine; (19) Generator.
The main body of the fuel battery (101) has a cathode (102) and an anode (103). A modifier (126) supplies reforming gas containing hydrogen. A reforming catalyst layer (113) is arranged in the modifier. A combustion chamber (112) which has a combustion catalyst layer (116) for burning an anode waste gas is provided. An air feed zone (115) supplies air to the combustion chamber. Also included are trace air addition device (117b) and modifier (126)    The trace air addition device (117b) is arranged to supply air to the anode waste gas through a gas pipe connecting the modifier. The air feed zone supplies cathode waste gas through several holes formed on the walls of combustion chamber.    ADVANTAGE -   Electricity generating efficiency of the system and durability of reforming catalyst layer are improved. Waste gas of anode and cathode are utilised effectively.
NOVELTY - Circulation supply of positive and negative electrolytes are carried out to a battery cell (2) through circulation paths (40,41). A set of storage tanks (3a,3b,4a,4b) which are respectively coupled mutually by a piping, stores positive and negative electrolytes.    USE -   In e.g. redox flow battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves utilisation efficiency of electrolyte in tank, thereby improving energy density. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents fundamental composition of redox flow battery. (2) Battery cell; (3a,3b,4a,4b) Storage tanks; (40,41) Circulation paths.
NOVELTY - A water supply group (140) supplies water for reaction in a reforming gas generating modifier (126) through water flow passage (141). The water flow passage is branched into a coil side passage (141a) which pass through a series of heat exchanger coils and a bypass flow path (141b) which bypasses the heat exchanger.DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A combined reaction of hydrogen and oxygen with anode (103) and cathode (102) in the cell (101) of the fuel battery system generates electricity. A hydrogen containing raw material is made to react in the presence of water in a reforming gas generating modifier (126). The CO gas in the reforming gas is reduced in an oxidation reactor (128). The water supply to the modifier is done by the water supply group (140). The gas supply is done by flow passage (180) connecting the various reactors to the cell (101).    USE -   For electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables precise temperature control of each reactor. Improves efficiency of the system.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The schematic diagram shows piping structure of fuel battery system. (101) Cell; (102,103) Anode and electrodes; (126) Modifier; (140) Water supply group; (141) Water flow passage; (141a) Coil side passage; (141b) Bypass side passage; (180) Gas piping.
NOVELTY - The battery cooling water is circulated through a pump (3) to absorb the heat generated by fuel battery main body (1). The heat exchanger (4) is provided in the downstream of a circulating pump (9). The remainder heat generated by the fuel battery is collected indirectly by a heat carrier. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for exhaust heat collection method in fuel battery electricity generation system.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The water treatment cost is reduced. Prevents cavitation. The waste heat is recovered efficiently. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the block diagram of fuel battery electricity generation system. (1) Fuel battery main body; (3) Battery cooling water circulating pump; (4) Heat exchanger; (9) Circulating pump.
NOVELTY - A waste gas line (4) linked to an anode (3), is connected to a cathode (2). A recycle blower (5) is provided in the centre of the waste gas line. By carrying out the recycle of anode waste gas and supplying the recycle of anode waste gas and supplying heating gas to cathode side, differential pressure between anode and cathode is controlled such that pressure at the anode is higher than that at the cathode.    USE -   For preventing internal short circuit between cathode and anode of melting carbonate type fuel battery    ADVANTAGE -   The internal short circuit between the cathode and anode by the precipitate nickel is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline diagram indicating theoretically one form which enforces the internal short circuit prevention method by cathode elution of melting carbonate type fuel battery. (2) Cathode; (3) Anode; (4) Anode waste gas line; (5) Recycle blower.
NOVELTY - The battery has an electricity generation unit (4) consisting of a solid electrolyte (1) with a porous fuel pole (2) and an air pole (3) at front and rear surfaces respectively. The air pole surface and slot forming face (5a) of air flow paths of an interconnector (5), are joined. Cells (6) are joined through a conductive felt layer (9) comprises conductive felt sheet (7) interposing a thermally conductive column part material (8). The column part material are arranged parallelly on either sides of a fuel gas passage (8a).    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat conductivity of felt layer is raised and flexibility and conductivity are secured. Temperature difference inside cells is restrained. Prevents cell destruction. Obtains heavy current. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the disassembly isometric view of the stack which shows one embodiment of the solid electrolyte fuel battery. (1) Solid electrolyte; (2) Fuel pole; (3) Air pole; (4) Electricity generation unit; (5) Interconnector; (6) Cell; (7) Conductive felt sheet; (8) Column part material; (8a) Fuel gas passage; (9) Conductive felt layer.
NOVELTY - The cooling water inlet of cooling plate (6) is arranged to correspond with oxidation gas outflow side of electrolyte reservoir (5). A transition noble metal alloy catalyst layer (10) and platinum catalyst layer (9) on anode electrode (2), are formed on corresponding sides of oxidation gas outflow and inflow side of reservoir (5). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anode plate (2) and cathode plate (3) are laminated on opposing surfaces of an electrolyte layer (1). Electrolyte reservoirs (4,5) are laminated one each on anode plate side and cathode plate side respectively. Grooves are formed circulating heating gas on anode side reservoir and oxidation gas circulation on cathode side reservoir. Each of this multilayer stack is provided with a cooling plate (6) to reduce the temperature on the oxidation gas circulation side. A separator (8) is inserted between each stack of these electrodes.    USE -   Used to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces gap of current density distribution. Reduces phosphoric acid vapour on oxidation gas outflow side. Reduces use of quantity of phosphoric acid. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows disassembled isometric view of phosphoric acid type fuel battery. (2) Anode plate; (4,5) Electrolyte reservoirs; (6) Cooling plate; (9) Platinum catalyst layer; (10) Alloy catalyst layer.
NOVELTY - The method involves carbonising an aromatic polyimide resin.    USE -   For separating carbon dioxide and methane.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides carbon molecular sieve of uniform pore distribution.
A swath of composting material, contained between two parallel walls (3) is mixed, periodically, by a device (1) which moves above the swath, carried on a chariot (4). The chariot moves on rails on top of the containing walls. The mixer itself rotates about a horizontal axis (18), which is perpendicular to the walls. It has a row of mixing fingers (23) at each end, parallel to the axis. When not in use the mixer is held coplanar with the chariot.    USE -   Daily mixing and aeration of compost materials during the 6-20 weeks of the composting process, and also moving the material along its corridor from its inlet towards its outlet end.    ADVANTAGE -   Mixing can take place as the chariot moves in either direction, or the mixer can be lifted above the swath as the chariot moves if required.
Process to compost organic waste on a continual or batch process comprises : (a) placing incoming raw material continually or intermittently into a tunnel composter with a limited (especially circular) cross-section, before surrender to a large (especially circular) composter; (b) inoculating the composting material with further rotting material; and (c) ventilating and moistening the rotting material as required, during its progress through the tunnel composter, and draining excess water.    Also claimed is a suitable tunnel composter (1) with a slightly conical profile (10) with an inlet (2) for raw organic matter, a filling funnel (3) and a displacement conveyer (5) which pushes the rotting material through the tunnel.    USE -   The process and assembly are used to compost native organic matter.    ADVANTAGE -   The process and apparatus achieve high throughput, operate at high reliability, and have minimum maintenance and operational costs.
The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cells (2) connected in series, with a common gas inlet (4) and gas outlet (5). Each individual fuel cell or fuel cell group (3) is provided with a fuel gas inlet (6) having a closure cap (7), which is operated in response to a setting signal. Each fuel cell or fuel cell group may also have a respective gas outlet (8) with an associated closure cap (9), operated by a supplied setting signal, the setting signals for the gas inlet and gas outlet closure caps supplied in response to the required power output.    USE -   For electric vehicle propulsion drive.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows high efficiency at low load and high power output when required, by switching from series to parallel operation.
A door for a composting container (4) consists of a door plate (1) which can swivel about an axis (2-7) outside the door opening. The axis is preferably horizontal and located over the door opening. The door plate preferably has a circumferential seal and a frame and/or inner/outer door plates made of plastic.    USE -   The arrangement is used as a door for a composting unit.    ADVANTAGE -   The arrangement enables the composting unit to be filled and emptied easily (RA).
A multicomponent feed stream (10) is fed into a separation system (11), at least a portion of which operates under solids forming conditions for at least one component of the feed. A vapour stream (12) is withdrawn from an upper region of the system and is compressed to a higher pressure stream and then at least a portion is cooled. The cooled stream is expanded to further cool it and at least a part is fed to the separation system to provide refrigeration to at least a part of the system. Also claimed is a process of separating a multicomponent feed stream containing at least methane and a freezable component with a relative volatility less than that of methane.    USE -   Separation process for multicomponent stream containing a freezable component such as natural gas.    ADVANTAGE -   An open loop refrigeration system is provided for the separation system giving an improved system for producing liquid natural gas.
A catalytic composition comprises an inert carrier, 1-50 wt.% cobalt and 0.05-5 wt.% tantalum, the elements being in metal form or as a derivative.The preparation of the composition involves: (a) a first deposition of cobalt salt onto the inert carrier, preferably silica and/or alumina, followed by calcination to give a catalytic precursor and optionally reduction and passivation; and (b) deposition onto the precursor of a derivative of tantalum, followed by calcination and optionally reduction and passivation. The synthesis of linear and saturated hydrocarbons from synthesis gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, possibly diluted with nitrogen, involves reacting this mixture in the present of the above catalytic composition at 150-350C, pressure 1-100 bars and molar ratio of hydrogen/carbon monoxide of 1:2-5:1.    USE -   For use as catalyst in the synthesis of linear saturated hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, especially the Fischer-Tropsch process.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst composition has high productivity for hydrocarbons and low selectivity to methane.
A reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction has at least one bed of catalytically active material consisting of elementary metal bodies sintered to each other and in heat exchange contact with the wall of the reactor. The bodies possess a void fraction between 0.25 and 0.95. Also claimed is a method for carrying out a chemical reaction using a reactor as claimed.    USE -   Used for carrying out chemical reactions, particularly with a large thermal effect.    ADVANTAGE -   The reactor uses a bed of sintered metal bodies which has a large free volume giving a small pressure drop while providing a large surface area for a catalyst and ensuring that the weight of the reactor per unit of volume is lower.
Formation of an aerogel composite comprises: introducing a reactive gaseous material at 100 C or higher into the pores of a formed aerogel monolith or powder having a pore structure; and causing decomposition at 100 C or higher of the gaseous material on and within the pores of the aerogel in amounts sufficient to cause deposition of solid decomposition products of the gaseous material on the surface of the pores of the aerogel and for sufficient time between a few minutes and 48 hours to create an aerogel suitable for thermal insulation, photolytic catalysis, electrical battery electrode, luminescent functions, paramagnetic functions, where additional gas or vapour is introduced into the composite material, depositing within or reacting with the composite forming yet another composite.    USE -   The aerogels are useful for thermal insulation applications, photolytic catalysis, electrical battery electrode, luminescent function and paramagnetic functions. They may be used as insulation in appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, water heaters and ovens. Composites of silicon and iron with silica or other aerogels will find use in electrical display devices, magnetic cooling cycles, gas-separation media, gas-phase catalysts and optical devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The aerogels have improved physical characteristics making then suitable for a variety of purposes. They also exhibit useful optical and electrical properties.
Method of extending useful life of solid waste disposal landfill by providing raw material feed stock of mixed solid waste components; recovering a screened material from raw material feed stock for use as substitute daily/initial solid waste disposal landfill cover; periodically levelling and compacting landfill; applying layer of recovered screened material to levelled waste; spraying and soaking layer of recovered screened material with solution to inhibit combustion and promote decomposition, consisting of water, boric acid, detergent, nutrient and a deodorant.    USE -   Manufactured partially biodegradable municipal solid waste disposal landfill daily/initial cover product.    ADVANTAGE -   The construction and demolition debris serves a useful purpose, instead of contributing to landfill demand. The material satisfies regulatory authorities. The cost of the cover material is lower than the earth and sand currently used. Less volume is lost in the landfill site by using the claimed material.
The system for indirectly heating at least one building includes a region (12) where heat is generated, at least one primary heat exchanger (13) for a heat-carrying medium, which extends through the heat-generating region, a device for circulating the heat-carrying medium through the primary heat exchanger, and a secondary heat exchanger for transferring heat from the heat-carrying medium to a heating system. The heat-generating region comprises organic material (10) that emits heat as it decays, the heat being captured by the heat-carrying medium. Preferably the organic material comprises at least 80 % bark, wood chips or sawdust, or a combination.    Also claimed are: (a) a heating process using the above system, in which the heat-generating region is filled with the organic material and this material is encouraged to decay; and (b) the use of at least partially decayed organic material to generate heat in the above system.    USE -   For domestic heating systems.    ADVANTAGE -   An effective heating system is created using a novel waste product, which is used to generate heat in an economical and environmentally friendly way.
Monitoring compounds with the same nominal masses involves a chemical reaction which converts a species, prior to reaching a detector, to a compound of different mass which leaves only the other compound to be detected at its original ion mass location. A signal is obtained from a sample where the species has been changed to another form, using a low resolution mass selective detector, and subtracted it from the total signal obtained with the unreacted sample. The signal contributed from both compounds can thus be determined and then multiplied by their respective response factors to calculate their concentrations.    USE -   For separately identifying compounds of the same nominal mass, e.g. carbon monoxide and nitrogen, or carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.    ADVANTAGE -   Uses low resolution spectroscopic equipment, which is considerably cheaper than the high resolution previously required.
Raw material is preheated and supplied to a decomposition process reactor (22), where it is heated to a high temperature. The reactor has a feeder (29) which is charged to heat the raw material. The raw material which is previously heated to a temperature range of 150-230C is supplied through a feeding opening (32) of the reactor. The feeder has a ribbon conveyor (28) rotating in both directions. The ribbon conveyor rotates in reverse direction for shorter time and sends out the raw material through a delivery opening (32) of the feeder, while rotating in forward direction. The raw material is heated to a temperature range of 500-1000C in the feeder. Also claimed in the apparatus for decomposition of granular debris.    USE -   For chaff, sawdust, timber chips, cut grass, polymers, fire resistant organic refuses.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers effective heat decomposition. Reduces size of heat decomposing apparatus. Reduces heat decomposing time.
NOVELTY - Anaerobically digested sludge (7) (obtained by processing organic waste by anaerobic digestive downstream processing) is mixed with scum (8) (obtained during digestion), and the mixed sludge is composted.    USE -   For obtaining compost from anaerobically digested sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the scum obtained after digestion is used for making compost, propagation of bad odour is reduced and hygiene is improved. The cost and time associated with cleaning and disposal of scum is reduced. Compost is formed without an undesirable rise in temperature.
Regenerating waste water containing organic impurities comprises separating excess sludge from active sludge which is obtained by treating the waste water with bacteria; concentrating the excess sludge; admixing carbon powder with the excess sludge; dehydrating and drying the mixture for recycle use.    USE -   For recovering useful resources from waste water containing organic impurities.    ADVANTAGE -   Useful resources are recovered from waste water discharged from food processing factories, paper making factories, breweries, or domestic kitchen waste. The dehydrated, dried mixture is used as fertilizer or solid fuel.
NOVELTY - A chemical is mixed with a micro organism and the growth of micro organism is facilitated using the chemical as nutrient in a biodegradation unit (1). A gas generation instrumentation unit (2) identifies and measures the gas formed during biodegradation of chemical and an ion instrumentation unit (3) identifies the ion formed during biodegradation of chemical. The chemical bio-degradation is evaluated based on output of instrumentation units.    USE -   For use in chemical, plastic material manufacturing installation, waste treatment, processed food preservation.    ADVANTAGE -   Evaluation is done in a very precise manner. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram represents schematic block diagram of chemical biodegradation evaluation apparatus. (1) Biodegradation part; (2) Gas generation instrumentation unit; (3) Ion instrumentation unit.
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises air supply holes provided in the fermentation treatment tank bottom and one or more sides of the tank respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus comprises a fermentation treatment tank provided with stirring unit containing stirring tube and stirring screw conveyor. The stirring tube has a hole for grinding. The organic refuse accumulated in the lower part of the fermentation tank is stirred to be raked up by a vane into the stirring tube. The stirring screw conveyor is provided in the stirring tube whose upper end passes through the upper end vent of the hole for grinding, and lower end passes through the lower end vent of stirring tube and penetrates the bottom of the fermentation tank. Air supply holes are provided in the fermentation tank bottom and one or more sides of the tank respectively.    USE -   The fermentation apparatus is useful in the fermenting of organic refuse for waste from food processings, remnant meals, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Sufficient oxygen for an aerobic fermentation microbe is supplied and the denitrification process of organic refuse is performed satisfactorily.
Process for converting hydrocarbons contained in crude fuel gas into hydrogen comprises: (a) feeding the fuel gas into a conversion apparatus (34) having a number of conversion reaction units (80, 82, 84); (b) establishing the flow of the conversion reaction in each of the reaction units; (c) feeding oxygen to each unit to produce an exothermic oxidation reaction and using heat produced by the oxidation reaction for the conversion reaction; and (d) regulating the amount of oxygen fed to each reaction unit based on the flow of the conversion reaction.    USE -   In fuel cells to convert chemical energy directly.    ADVANTAGE -   The degree of heat utilisation is increased.
The adsorption separation method of liquefied butagas isomer belongs to the field of molecular sieve adsorption separation technology of organic compounds. The method solves the technological process of adsorption and desorption of butane isomer in the liquefied butagas at normal temperature, and adopts its defined adsorbent and pressure variable adsorption operation condition to obtain the aerosol preparation grade isobutane and n-tutane products which mainly can be used as projecting agent.
An active microchannel heat exchanger to heat a working fluid comprises: (i) an exothermic reaction chamber having a first shell which defines exothermic reactant flow and exhaust flow paths and which has at least one inlet and an exhaust outlet; (ii) an exhaust chamber which has a second shell and a containment wall defining an exhaust flow path connected to the exhaust outlet, the second shell has an outlet and the chamber has microchannels through which an exhaust flows; and (iii) a heat exchanger chamber which thermally contacts the exhaust chamber and has a third shell through which a working fluid flows via an inlet and an outlet, and such that heat from the reaction chamber is convected by the exhaust through the exhaust chamber and by conduction through the containment wall to heat the working fluid. Also claimed is a liquid vaporiser comprising a heat exchanger as above where: (i) a porous material is placed in the exothermic reaction chamber; (ii) the exhaust chamber does not have microchannels; and (iii) heat convected through the exhaust chamber and conducted through the containment wall vaporises the liquid in the heat exchanger chamber. Also claimed is a chemical processor comprising a heat exchanger as above wherein the working fluid flow path contains microchannels.    USE -   The heat exchanger is useful as a liquid fuel vaporiser and/or steam generator for fuel cell power systems, and as a heat source for sustaining endothermic chemical reactions and initiating exothermic reactions.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat exchanger is small, lightweight and efficient.
A catalytic reactor for exothermic reactions comprises a housing made of a heat-conducting material in which is located: (i) a number of catalyst bed tubes which are connected in series and through which the gas to be catalytically reacted is flowed; and (ii) one or more cooling tubes through which coolant is flowed for the controllable extraction of heat from the reaction.    USE -   The reactor is typically used for purifying gas streams containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide e.g. the removal of carbon monoxide from reformate gas mixtures.    ADVANTAGE -    In the removal of CO from a reformate gas by the selective methanation of the CO to CH4 in an exothermic reaction, the reactor is cooled to avoid the unwanted methanation of CO2which occurs at high temperature.
Producing humic acid from coal comprises introducing coal into a medium containing a thermophilic aerobic culture (ATCC 202096) at 60C.    USE -   Humic acid can be added to soil to increase fertility.    ADVANTAGE -   Nearly 95% coal conversion to humic acid can be achieved; methane, lower alcohols and volatile fatty acids are also produced.
The method involves providing oxidant and fuel reactant gas streams on cathode and anode sides of solid polymer electrolyte membrane (21) coolant water stream is circulated along anode and cathode side of the electrolyte membrane. Five porous plates are placed between oxidant gas stream and coolant water stream and between fuel gas stream and coolant water stream.    The pressure of coolant water stream is set less than that of oxidant reactant gas stream so as to create positive target pressure differential such that water flows towards cathode side of electrolyte membrane through the plates. The fuel gas stream pressure is set so as to allow coolant water to be supplied or removed from anode side of membrane.    ADVANTAGE -   Ensures removal of product water from cathode side of each cell in power plant.
System for removing metal from a metal-containing solution comprises a chamber containing etiolated metal-accumulating plant seedlings that require no external nutrients nor external heat and light beyond the requirements to achieve normal germination temperatures before or during contact with the metal-containing solution, where the chamber has an inlet for introducing the metal-containing solution and an outlet for removing a metal-depleted solution.    USE -   Metals such as Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Sr(II), Zn(II), As(III), Cr(VI) and U(VI) can be removed from solutions containing them [mine tailings, nuclear waste and chemical byproducts are mentioned].    ADVANTAGE -   The system can be made compact and does not require external nutrients, heat or light once established.
The battery has an anode (1), a cathode (2), an electrolytic board (3), anode and cathode gas passage ways. The anode and cathode gas passage ways are separated by an anode cathode flow path formation board (11).    ADVANTAGE -   Requires less number of parts which in turn reduces cost and weight.
Methane hydrate of high density has composition ratio of methane and water of [0.5-1.5]:1.    Also claimed is methane hydrate of high density formed in porous material.    USE/ADVANTAGE -   Present methane hydrate formed in porous material is used to solid fuel or to storage and transport of large amt. of methane in small vol. Methane can be incorporated as its stable hydrate in large amt. in porous material. Resulting methane hydrate is useful therefore as described above. Present methane hydrate of high density can be produced under mild condition of pressure and temp. in short time without using special pressure vessel and cooling device. Further, it is possible not only to control freely formation amt. of methane hydrate in pores of porous material but also to form methane hydrate of further large amt. under pressure of 1500-2000 kPa or higher.
The method involves supplying organic refuse to a stirring tank (3) having multiple minute holes (2) provided at its base (3a). Water is poured into the stirring tank which is filled with organic microorganism carrier (1). The organism refuse is mixed along with water and the microorganism carrier in the stirring tank. The effluent (4) flowing down from the holes of the base of the stirring tank is made to contact with solid microorganism activator (5), after which it is stored in a culture tank (6). Proliferation of aerobic bacteria is promoted by aerating the collected effluent using an air bubble diffuser (7) and the oxygen concentration in the culture tank is thus increased. The effluent containing the microorganisms is returned to the stirring tank for mixing with the organic refuse. The decomposition of the organic refuse is done by the microorganisms proliferated abundantly.    USE -   For treating organic refuse discharged from hospitals, food supply centre, school, hotel, departmental stores, restaurants.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents generation of bad smell thereby eliminating need for deodoriser.
Garbage processing apparatus includes a treatment tank (1) to which garbage is supplied for fermentation process. Two stirring units (3,5) that are driven by a motor (7) are provided in the treatment tank. The rotation from the drive motor is transmitted to the stirring units, through a gear unit which has a set of gears (9-14), acting as a decelerator. A pair of support plates (6,8) fixed at the outer surface (1a) of the tank, support the gear unit.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces noise and vibration. Improves durability of gear unit.
Estimating microorganisms in kitchen wastes comprises amplifying isolated DNA of microorganisms combined with selective screening and amplification.    ADVANTAGE -   The method enables the detection of specific microorganisms.
The system (10) consists of a fuel battery (12) which includes a hydrogen pole (24) and an air pole (26) sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte film. Hydrogen gas and oxidising gas are supplied to the respective poles and emf is generated. A cooling water circulation unit (14) circulates cooling water and cools the fuel battery. A fuel reformer (16) generates steam content hydrogen gas by reforming methanol. A humidity control type heat exchanger (18) performs heat exchange between steam content hydrogen gas and cooling water whose temperature is raised due to heat of fuel battery. The heat exchange process is controlled so that the temperature of hydrogen gas becomes equal to operating temperature of battery and saturated steam content hydrogen gas is fed to hydrogen pole.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents damage of electrolyte film as temperature of hydrogen gas is made equal to operating temperature of battery.
New microbial semi-solid compositions are filled into flexible tubes at room temperature, dispersed with microorganisms composed of liquid and/or solid raw materials (A) of a bacterium (A1), a fungus (A2), a yeast (A3) and/or an actinomycete (A4) dispersed in an organic liquid compound (B) at 15 C or (B) and an agent providing viscosity (C), are especially used for decomposition and de-odourisation of organic wastes e.g. organic pollutants contained in domestic waste water, animal excretia (including humans), kitchen wastes or organic pollutants adhered on the surface of glass, metals, woods, sheets of paper, plastics and leathers.    USE -   The compositions are useful for the decomposition and deodourising of domestic and industrial organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The tubes filled with composition can be handled easily by unskilled (in microorganisms) labour.
The method involves measuring the resistance value of a sensor element (12) which is heated by a heater (8) that is energised intermittently. High voltage is applied to the heater for temperature stabilisation before applying measuring pulse voltage. Gas detection is performed based on electrical resistance of sensor element during application of measuring pulse voltage.    USE -   For detecting propane or alcohol vapour.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces actuation energy of gas sensor.
Acid waste is made harmless by heating in the presence of 0.1-5 wt.% catalyst to 400-650 C in a closed space. The gases generated during this process are discharged through an adsorber. The treated acid waste is cooled and mixed with a filler material in the ratio 1:0.1-0.5. A preparation is added to it, at 5-60 wt.% containing clay minerals, compost and/or peat or other cellulose containing material, in some cases artificial fertiliser and bacterial mixture.    The mixture is spread out, allowed to stand then collected in heaps to form compost.
Device for the extraction and/or injection of a sample of fluid in a state of chemical or thermodynamic equilibrium, with a body (1) with two ends (2, 3). One of these ends has at least one orifice (5) allowing the passage of the fluid sample. There is also a cavity (4) for receiving the sample, and means (11) of extracting and/or injecting the sample including means (16) allowing the sample to be kept in a state of chemical or thermodynamic equilibrium identical to the conditions in the fluid before it is removed and/or injected. Use of such a device to take gas samples from a sulphur- making unit, extracting combustion gases containing SO2, SO3, N2, O2, H2O, NOx, H2S, COS, CS2 and NH3, sampling a liquid while its temperature is lowered to separate it into several phases, or sampling a gas containing condensibles such as butane and propane in natural gas treatment units.    USE -   Sampling of fluids without changing their state due to the sampling process.    ADVANTAGE -   Some samples are not representative of the fluid from which they are taken because they are at a different temperature or pressure that the fluid. This device avoids this problem, giving a truer indication of the real state of the fluid.
The device for transforming a biomass into energy products such as biomass carbon has an external cylinder (2) in which is enclosed an internal cylinder (1) containing a biomass heated in such a manner as to produce pyrolysis gases injected into a combustion chamber (5) through a connection (6) linking the internal cylinder to the combustion chamber. The axis (B) of the end (7) of the connection is perpendicular to the axis (A) of the cylinders.    Also claimed is the use of the above device to convert a biomass into energy products such as biomass carbon.    ADVANTAGE -   The device is simple and economic, for use in the third world, to reduce wood and charcoal burning.
Reutilisation of street sweepings comprises mixing with 30-70 volume% organic waste and aerobically decomposing the mixture to form a permanent humus, the organic waste preferably being kitchen-, garden-, food-, papermaking-, agricultural- or water purification-waste or grass cuttings.    USE -   The end-product is used in interlayers in dumps, as well as in recultivation, reclamation or covering of dumps. Other uses are in road building and in bunds.    ADVANTAGE -   No separation of the sweepings is required and the composted end-product is obtained in 10-12 weeks.
A process for producing civil gas by methanating water gas includes such steps as desulfurizing water gas, boosting, moistening by increasing water vapour to the amount needed by methanation, changing the ratio of C : H : O, further desulfurizing and methanating, and features high output of methane, long service life of catalyst, low cost and easy control. Obtained civil gas has high thermal valueup to 13.9 MJ/Ncu.m, low CO content less than 1% and low S content less than 1 ppm, and features high safety and no environmental pollution.
Nickel is recovered from soil by: (a) cultivating Alyssum plants in soil so that nickel is accumulated from the soil into above-ground tissues of the plant, (b) harvesting the plant as biomass materials; and (c) recovering the nickel from the harvested material.    USE -   The process is useful for sequestering metals at a 10-20 fold higher concentration in a form that can be used for conventional nickel refinery or smelting operations    ADVANTAGE -   Metals are recovered at economically acceptable levels in a reliable process
A method for bulk separation of carbon dioxide from methane involves: (a) providing a feed gas comprising a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, (b) passing the feed gas through an absorbent bed which includes an absorbent that comprises an effective amount of clinoptilolite to absorb carbon dioxide and (c) regenerating the absorbent bed by exposure to a stream of dry air at near atmospheric pressure.    USE -   For bulk separation of carbon dioxide from methane e.g. in landfill gas, coal bed methane, sewage gas or low-quality natural gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Modified pressure swing absorption in which absorbent can be easily regenerated and needs minimal preparation for use.
Night-soil and other biodegradable material is collected and composted in a space (23) in which a starting bed (29) has been spread out to accelerate decomposition. Wastes are dropped onto the starting bed and liquid is separated off and conveyed out of the space to containers (27) for separate processing. The space is lined with a flexible, liquid-impermeable sack (8) open at the top. The upper edge of the container is pressed (40) against the ceiling (36) located under the floor (32) of at least one overhead toilet. The ceiling/floor has an opening (34) for attachment to the toilet. Breakdown of the material occurs while it in the sack. The completely or partially broken down material is transported away while still located in the sack.    USE -   For composting night soil and other degradable domestic waste. It may be used in a permanent dwelling or establishment such as a refugee cap where large numbers of people gather for an indefinite time.    ADVANTAGE -   The waste disposal is simple and inexpensive and operates with minimum risk of spread of infection. The capacity of a composting arrangement is increased by accelerating the breakdown of the material by providing the starter bed.
Paddle system for mixing fermenting viscous organic medium for the preparation of gas, comprises tank (10) with chamber (11,12) for mixing fermenting medium; mixing paddles (14,13) continuously moving up and down; joint drive unit (43) moving each paddle a limited stroke distance in direction of mixing; suspension unit (15,16,17) dividing paddles into two adjacent groups, where the first group moves up while the second moves down, and vice versa; suspension unit includes two pressure arms connected to eccentric cam; lower end of pressure cam pushes one pressure arm down while the other is free to rise, producing pendulum movement.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for mixing an viscous organic medium such as liquid manure to improve fermentation.    ADVANTAGE -   More effective mixing is achieved than in known apparatus. There is improved heat transfer between the chambers.
Polypropylene (PP)-type extrusion foamed material having apparent density of 10-100 kg/ m3is obtd. by melt kneading a mixt. comprising 100 pts. wt. (A) PP-type resin with 0.2-3 pts. wt. (B) satd. higher fatty acids compounded and (C) blowing agents to form an expandable compsn. and extruding it from a die into a low pressure zone.    USE -   The extrusion foamed material is suited for use as cushioning materials, packaging materials, heat insulating materials and building materials.    ADVANTAGE -   The extrusion foamed material has high rigidity, chemical resistance, impact resistance and heat resistance.
Dicarboxylic acid metal complexes comprising one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from tolan-dicarboxylic acids, stilbene-dicarboxylic acids and terphenyl-di:carboxylic acids and one or more metals selected from Cu, Cr, Mo, Rh, Pd and W are new.    Also claimed is a gas occlusion material comprising crystals of the dicarboxylic acid metal complex.    Also claimed is a gas storage method comprising occluding gas mainly composed of methane into the gas occlusion material under press.    Also claimed is a gas storage appts. comprising an outlet and an inlet capable of introducing and discharging gas to be stored, a sealed mechanism capable of maintaining the gas under press, and a pressurised vessel equipped with the gas occlusion material.    USE -   The gas storage appts. is used in a gas turbine car.    ADVANTAGE -   The metal complexes, especially the copper complexes are cheap and their prepn. are simple and is conducted at room temp. The occlusion material has a large absorption amt. per vol. in the storage of gas mainly composed of methane and can be repeatedly used.
The fuel modifier consists of several catalyst chambers (19) which produce a hydrogen-containing gaseous mixture by the reaction of methanol, air and water. A manifold (20) is provided to supply methanol, air and water to each catalyst chamber directly.    USE -   The fuel modifier is connected to a fuel battery which produces hydrogen gas (fuel gas).    ADVANTAGE -   Methanol, air and water are supplied uniformly to the catalyst chambers. Operation of each chamber is easily controlled and hydrogen gas formation is stabilised. The heat energy recovered from the hydrogen-containing gaseous mixture produced during heat exchange is utilised efficiently for methanol vaporisation. Size reduction of fuel modifier is achieved. Fuel battery connected to this fuel modifier generates electricity with improved stability.
The decomposition method involves contacting a species of Pseudomonas bacteria with ethylene glycol-containing water under aerobic conditions.    USE -   For decomposing ethylene glycol present in the liquid drained from an automobile engine cooling system.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables the effective decomposition of highly concentrated ethylene glycol.
NOVELTY - The melanoidin is decomposed and bleached using a filamentous fungi with cellulose as a nutrient.    USE -   The process is used to produce waste liquid during fermentation of molasses.    ADVANTAGE -   Contamination by proliferation of bacteria is suppressed. The dissolution and bleaching are performed effectively.
NOVELTY - Anaerobic microorganisms are supplied to a water tank of a liquid waste installation to ferment organic substances.    USE -   The method is used for processing organic waste generated during dry storage of grains. The sludge discharged from the water tank serves as compost material (claimed). Water in the water tank is used for fermenting and composting organic substances in soil, serving as soil improvement material (claimed) in agriculture.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of putrefactive smell from e.g. water or sludge discharged from the water tank is prevented. Environmental pollution is prevented. Helps to maintain natural cycle.
The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.
A refrigerant composition comprises (A) 5-60 wt.% of pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane, hexafluorocyclopropane or their mixture, (B) 30-94 wt.% of 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3- or 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or their mixture and (C) 1-10 wt.% of an unsubstituted hydrocarbon of formula CnHm (where n 4 and m 2n-2) other than methyl propane.    Also claimed are a refrigerating apparatus and process using this refrigerant.    USE -   The refrigerant is used as a replacement for chlorofluorocarbons R12 and R22 in domestic refrigerators and air conditioning systems etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The flammability of the fractionated composition is greatly reduced.
A carbon dioxide fixation system for fixing carbon dioxide in an atmosphere or in an exhaust gas, comprises: (a) a fermenting unit for anaerobically fermenting organic wastes and for producing methane gas; (b) a hydrogen producing unit for decomposing the methane gas produced by the fermenting unit and for producing hydrogen gas; and (c) a fixing unit for allowing a reaction between the hydrogen producing unit and the carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere or exhaust gas and for producing carbon and water.    USE -   The system is for use in carbon dioxide fixation in an atmosphere or exhaust gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon dioxide gas is fixed and converted to carbon and water, thus reducing its emissions and contributions to global warming. The fixation system is energy efficient and low cost and has high overall carbon dioxide reduction performance.
Vermiculture is used to treat organic waste.    USE -   The vermiculture treated organic waste is used to produce compost.    ADVANTAGE -   The treatment eliminates odours and proliferation of insects and produces high quality compost rich in nutrients.
Process for treating water containing dissolved sulphate ions and dissolved heavy metal cations to reduce the ion content, by adding sulphide ions to precipitate heavy metal sulphide; flowing part of the treated water along a trench; reducing sulphate anion content of water flowing in trench by biological process to give dissolved sulphide anions; withdrawing water from trench and subjecting to biological oxygenation, and separating biomass from water. Also claimed is an installation.    USE -   Treating waste water to remove dissolved sulphate ions and heavy metal ions.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is an extremely effective yet economic way of reducing sulphate ion and polishing the water.
The following are claimed: (1) a consortium of Candida maltosa yeast strains VKPM U-2256 and VKPM U-2257 for use in the biodegradation of oil contamination; (2) a "biopreparation", primarily for removing oil contamination from oil tanks, equipment and water-soil ecosystems, comprising an active component and a mineral additive, where the active component is a consortium as above and is present in an amount of 106 to 108 live cells per gram; (3) a process for producing a biopreparation as above, comprising coculturing the Candida maltosa strains in a liquid nutrient medium containing N and P compounds, mineral additives, trace elements and liquid paraffins, with stirring and aeration while maintaining a temperature of 30-41C and a pH of 3-4; (4) a method of using a biopreparation for removing oil contamination from equipment, water or soil, comprising treating the contaminated object with an aqueous suspension of a biopreparation comprising the above Candida maltosa strains a nd a nitrogen-phosphate mineral additive, where the suspension is formulated by preparing a stock suspension comprising 1-5 wt.% of the Candida maltosa strains and 0.25-1.3 wt.% of the nitrogen-phosphate additive in water at 15-30C, stirring and aerating the suspension for 12 hr, and diluting the suspension with water in a ratio of 1:50-100 for cleaning up soil or in a ratio of 1:5-10 for cleaning up equipment and water.    USE -   Purification of water, soil and other media contaminated by hydrocarbon products.    ADVANTAGE -   The Candida maltosa consortium is more effective than prior art consortia and can be applied to a broad range of oil types (crude oil, gas oil, etc.) over a broad range of temperatures and salinities.
Methane is oxidatively coupled by contacting a mixture of methane and oxygen with an oxidative coupling catalyst. The catalyst comprises Fe2O3 deposited on a silica substrate. The substrate has a geometric surface area of about 0.04 m2/g.    USE -   In the production of higher hydrocarbons from natural gas by-produced in large amounts during the recovery of petroleum etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst is made from very cheap materials and is extremely resistant to attrition. It is highly active and C2+ hydrocarbon-selective.
Reducing the content of heavy metals in solid materials comprises subjecting a biomass consisting of molasses, sucrose, peeling sludge, starch, whey powder and/or carbohydrate-containing residues to oxidation digestion process to provide chemically modified biomasses, preparing a 0.1-10% aqueous solution of the modified biomasses and extracting heavy metals containing compounds from the solid materials using the aqueous solution.    USE -   The process is useful for decontaminating solid materials contaminated with heavy metals, especially sediments and soils.    ADVANTAGE -   The biomass solution residues remaining in the solid materials after heavy metal extraction is rapidly biodegradable so that no objectionable traces remain in the solid or the soils.    The modified biomasses are formed from natural materials, especially biomass waste materials of food production and food processing plants.
A self-foaming composition comprising: (a) a foaming agent; (b) a bulking material; (c) a water-soluble polymer; and (d) a glue, the composition when mixed with an aqueous carrier forming a foamed sprayable aqueous slurry suitable for providing a cover layer over a selected material. Also claimed is a method for providing a daily cover for waste material.    USE -   For forming a protective cover for waste disposal, mining, remediation, etc sites, soil surfaces, tyre dumps and stockpiles.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents wind blown litter, dust, odours, VOCs, etc., and pest attacks, such as scavenging birds, rodents, flies, etc.. Composition is sprayable, easily applied, and self foaming without compressed air.
Bacteria of the genus clostridia use lipids containing &gt; 25 wt.% saturated fatty acids as their sole carbon source, and produce butyric acid as a glycerol fermentation product.    USE -   The bacteria, which use lipids as their sole carbon source are useful for the production of butyric acid, for lipid hydrolysis, waste treatment, and lipid and glycerol fermentation.    ADVANTAGE -   The bacteria (optionally as endospores, or their mixtures) can be supplied in a frozen, dried or lyophilised culture form.
The structure includes a water condenser (6) which is arranged along the air exhaust passage (T1) from the cathode side of the fuel battery. A fan (7) supplies air via a reaction air passage way (T2) to the cathode side of the fuel battery. Heat exchange is performed between the air discharged from the cathode side of the fuel battery and that supplied to the cathode. A duct (20) is provided such that it contacts an end plate (211).    ADVANTAGE -   Equalises temperature distribution in fuel battery, and prevents heat dissipation. Enables to utilise water collected due to heat exchange for humidification of air.
The process comprises exposing a gas sensor, e.g. a metallic oxide semiconductor gas sensor or zirconia gas sensor, to a periodic air current. Gas is detected from the response of the gas sensor to air current variation.    USE -   The process is used for the detection of gases such as carbon monoxide, ethylene or ethane.    ADVANTAGE -   Gas sensor response is improved. Gas detection at room temperature is possible.
Method for conversion reaction of methane comprises: when conducting the reaction by using thermal diffusion reaction tube constituted by arranging a pair of walls so as to form temp. difference of higher one and lower another through facing constitution and forming reaction space between the walls, using the tube made of iron gp. metal and supplying methane in upflow.    ADVANTAGE -   Conversion reaction of methane exhibiting increased yield of oily substances can be efficiently accomplished.
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of a raw material treatment tank (2) inside which perforated pipes (31) are arranged vertically at predetermined interval. The pipes are connected to an air supplying and discharging unit.    Conveyors (15,17) are provided inside the tank to supply raw material and discharge manufactured compost. Screens (20,21) are arranged horizontally one above the other with a gap between them, at the lower portion of the tank. A drive unit and a vibrator are connected to the lower screen.    ADVANTAGE -   A large amount of air is supplied to the raw material to promote proliferation of microorganisms. The discharge of manufactured compost is made easy. Large amount of compost can be manufactured rapidly.
Method for ageing a liquid fertiliser comprises (1) soaking a stacked compost and a far infrared ray radiative ceramic with water, and (2) aerating the water-containing stacked compost and the ceramic to extract the main metabolic products of the soil microorganisms into water.    ADVANTAGE -   The method affords preparation of aged liquid fertiliser in a short time.
Organic substance processing unit for organic waste comprises a crushing apparatus for crushing organic processed material (C). Stirring units (6) are positioned in a stirring tank (60) surrounded by a water tank (67), which is heated to maintain the temperature of the stirring tank for fermentation of the organic substance.    ADVANTAGE -   The unit prevents temperature variation by heat dissipation, facilitates efficient fermentation and increases the efficiency of processing the organic substance.
Microbe carrier (1) for decomposition of organic waste e.g. vegetables at home is formed from thin Japanese cedar wood (2) cut finely into shapes. Sap (4) of the thin cedar wood forms pipes (7) with an irregular edge wall (8). The adjustment pipes are connected by the edge walls to form bordering pits (9) in the shape of a honeycomb. 75-85% of the finely cut cedar wood is formed with a size of 10-42 meshes.    USE -   The carrier is used for decomposing fruits disposed of from restaurants.    ADVANTAGE -   The carrier prevents destruction of microbes by replenishment of moisture and oxygen required for microorganisms, so that microbes remain active for a long period.
In a fermentation process waste liquid from a brewing process is mixed with cellulose-like sawdust and the moisture is adjusted to 60%. The mixture is fermented in the presence of an aerobic microbe. Waste liquid is filled repeatedly to maintain the fermentation temperature above 60C.    ADVANTAGE -   The method prevents environmental pollution due to release of waste liquids.
Organic waste processing equipment for industrial waste e.g. sludge consists of a processing container (10) for decomposition of organic waste. A pair of agitating shafts (21,31) inside the container are mounted horizontally and in parallel to each other, rotated by a drive mechanism. Stirring vanes are mounted on each of the agitating shafts. The base of the container has a double cylindrical shape which are arranged horizontally in parallel to each other and mutually connected. The agitating shafts have their centre lines which correspond to the cylindrical bases. The joint area between the cylindrical bases is lower than that of the respective shafts. The organic waste (11) is stirred by the shafts which rotate in a direction, such that specific angle is maintained between them, with axis of the container at a higher level.    USE -   The equipment is used for beer lees.
A fuel cell arrangement has a number of fuel cells located in a stack(10 and surrounded by a protective housing (2), with an anode inlet (5) for the supply of fuel gas to the anodes, an anode outlet for burnt fuel gas, a cathode inlet for the supply of cathode gas to the cathodes, a cathode outlet for used cathode gas and a device by which cathode gas inside the protective housing is displaced into circulation in a circuit from the cathode outlet to the cathode inlet. The device to circulate the cathode gas is formed by an ejector arrangement provided in the cathode gas stream. The driven gas stream of the ejector arrangement is the cathode gas stream and the driving gas stream in the arrangement is a gas to be added to the cathode gas stream.    ADVANTAGE -   High reliability.
Drying a gas, especially natural gas, using a glycol comprises feeding the gas to an absorber (1), in which the gas is contacted with the glycol which removes some moisture from the gas and impurities, removing the gas from the absorber and the water-charged and contaminated glycol and regenerating the glycol, whilst the water is driven off by heating, mixing the contaminated glycol with half the water, heating the mixture to above the cloud point and maintaining for a prescribed time to sediment out impurities and removing the impurities and water by heating, and feeding the regenerated glycol to the absorber.    Also claimed is the apparatus used for the above process.    USE -   Used for drying natural gases.    ADVANTAGE -   The glycol has a long service life.
Process for recovering biogas comprises biologically treating a fermentation medium in a reactor (2). The fermentation medium is fed through a zone (5) supplied with a medium containing an electron acceptor especially a oxygen-containing gas (mixture) e.g. air and/or nitrate and/or nitrite. The contact time between the acceptor-containing medium and the fermentation medium is such that H2S formation is suppressed in the fermentation medium and no H2S is present in the biogas.    An apparatus for carrying out the process is also claimed.    USE -   Process is used for recovering biogas from eg. sewage sludge and liquid manure.    ADVANTAGE -   The biogas is free from H2S.
Process and assembly to make use of waste organic materials which occur in agriculture, forestry, settlements and industry comprises: (a) irrespective of the nature and origin of the biomass, it is first moved using vacuum suction to a collection point where, if necessary, it is sterilised by heating to 70 C and any grey water present is removed from the biomass and replaced as necessary by fresh water; and (b) a limited quantity of the sterilised biomass at below a specified temperature is then immediately moved to a fermentation plant where it is processed to liberate energy in the form of heat and/or electricity. The biomass vacuum transport system has one or more supplementary inlets at intervals along the route.    USE -   The process and assembly are used to collect organic waste and move it by vacuum transfer to a fermentation plant for energy generation.    ADVANTAGE -   The process maximises the volume of organic waste collected and converted, minimising the demand for e.g. fossil fuels.
Method for treating biodegradable waste in landfill by: (a) covering waste; (b) increasing and maintaining moisture content to 40% to 70%; (c) injecting oxygen to maintain aerobic activity; (d) increasing temperature of landfill to eliminate pathogens; controlling temperature to 130 to 150F to sustain aerobic degradation; and monitoring oxygen and moisture and temperature and varying these to maintain aerobic activity.    A process and a system are also claimed.    Preferably the following are typical. Moisture and oxygen are injected through grid of wells. Oxygen concentration is maintained above 0%. Temperature is controlled by varying amount of air injected. Leachate is recycled to maintain moisture content. Leachate is supplemented with make-up water. Temperature is raised to (a) 135F, (b) 135 to 145F, (c) above 155F. Gas generation rates are monitored. Methane generation rate is monitored to indicate aerobic degradation. Temperature is monitored to indicate state of degradation. Nitrogen and phosphate are added to maintain microbial growth. Carbon:nitrogen ratio is maintained at 20:1 to 50:1. Landfill is (a) closed, (b) landmined, after aerobic degradation has stabilised. Landfill is reused after landmining. Grid of gas and moisture wells are supplied from headers. One well houses detection devices. Grid of wells is divided into zones. Supplementing gas and liquids are added to enhance degradation.    USE -   Treating landfill waste to ensure rapid degradation.    ADVANTAGE -   Degradation of landfill waste takes place quickly so that land can be reused. Anaerobic degradation is eliminated. The landfill site can be used again for landfill, reducing demand for land. Treated landfill can be relocated.
Production of liquid fertiliser comprises: (a) loading 1 decomposable nutrient containing organic materials in container (22) with vents for nutrients and air outlet (46); (b) submerging the container in a tank of water (14A); (c) applying pressurised air to the air outlet for agitating and aerating organic materials for aerobic decomposition and extraction of nutrients and (d) removing the container from the tank. Also claimed is an apparatus for producing liquid fertiliser which comprises the container, a pressure generating means and 1 tank into which the container can be placed.    Additives are preferably added to water to reduce odour, improve nutrient extraction and improve absorption of nutrients by plants. Additives include microbial activator, biological accelerator or enzyme catalyst. The fertiliser is delivered to plants. The container is submerged in a series of tanks. The air outlet is a perforated pipe at the bottom of the container. The air outlet has a connector and removable cap so that it can be cleaned by pressurised air or water. The container has a hatch for loading and unloading organic material and a lock prevents escape of solid material. The container is supported from a frame over the tank. The container is moved by a conveyor from the loading station to decomposing station to unloading station. The container is pivoted for easy unloading. Unloaded material is composted for use as potting medium.    USE -   The process is used for producing liquid fertiliser from organic material such as manure in a garden or field. The fertiliser is used for producing plant, fruit or vegetable.    ADVANTAGE -   The fertiliser is produced on site, avoiding transport. The fertiliser does not need to be diluted or watered in.
Biological treatment of materials by a combination of at least two groups of microorganisms forming sludges in at least two biological treatment zones, has increased efficiency and stability. At least one of the sludges is conditioned in at least one sludge conditioning zone, by converting at least a fraction of at least one group of microorganisms of another group, thus forming the conditioning sludge, and feeding the conditioned sludge into at least one biological treatment zone. Also claimed is a biological treatment of materials in at least two biological treatment zones, selected from an anaerobic treatment zone, a facultative treatment zone, an anoxic treatment zone, and/or an aerobic treatment zone, and further providing a conditioned sludge in at least one of the biological treatment zones.    USE -   The process is used to treat water, waste-water, aqueous industrial, agricultural, and production materials, industrial, agricultural, and production gases including polluted air, gaseous and vent emissions, solid waste, materials of plant, animal and fossil origin, and/or solid industrial, agricultural, and production streams (all claimed). The process is especially useful for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the removal of recalcitrant organics.    ADVANTAGE -   The process has increased efficiency and stability, as compared to prior art, and provides a flexible treatment system by creating conditions to maintain the desirable sludge mass and to optimise the population balances in the biomass in treatment systems. The process has reduced volatile emissions, reduced waste sludge mass and volume, and minimise aeration requirements.
The battery includes a cell to which electrolyte is supplied from tanks (3,4) through circulation paths (51a,51b). Bypass lines (12a,12b,13a,13b) are provided in the circulation path (50a,50b) and are connected to cleaning liquid storage tank (14a,14b). Drive units (18a,18b) change the circulation direction of cleaning liquid to cell and reverses the circulation direction of electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   Removes foreign material, such as garbage, clogging at electrode. Avoids degradation of voltage efficiency.
NOVELTY - The generator has a fuel cell stack (21) consisting of a fuel pole (18) and an oxidiser pole (20) sandwiching an electrolyte layer (19). A reformer (8) to generate hydrogen from fuel supplied by a fuel supplier, an air blower (15) and a water collector are also provided. The reformer is filled with a catalyst to perform partial oxidation of the fuel.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The generator can be initiated within a short time and has improved overall efficiency in exhaust gas utilisation. There is no necessity to supply heat separately to the reformer.
A refrigerating cycle device comprises using difluoromethane, at least a kind of hydrocarbon selected from hydrocarbons capable of forming azeotropic mixture with difluoromethane and a lubricating oil for compressor consisting of mineral oil insoluble to difluoromethane and/or alkylbenzene oil and using the hydrocarbon forming the azeotropic mixture in an amt. somewhat larger than the composition of the azeotropic mixture.    USE -   The refrigerating cycle device using difluoromethane, the azeotropic hydrocarbon and the lubricating oil is useful for e.g. air conditioner or refrigerator.    ADVANTAGE -   By using the hydrocarbon capable of forming azeotropic mixture with difluoromethane, the miscibility of difluoromethane with previous lubricating oils such as mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil can be improved without requiring the use of expensive and easily-decomposable ester oil. As the amt. of the azeotropic hydrocarbon used is 20 wt.% at most, the same anti-explosion control as that for difluoromethane alone can be used even in the consideration of the leakage of the flammable hydrocarbons. The reliability for the use of the lubricating oil contg. difluoromethane can be secured by using high pressure shell type compressor because difluoromethane of high specific gravity remaining in the bottom of the compressor can be quickly gasified.
The apparatus has a treatment tank (1) inside which organic refuse (W) is stirred with a microorganism using stirring shafts (2,3) attached with vane (4). The stirring shafts are arranged such that they are shifted vertically. A rotating unit is provided to rotate the shaft so as to rake the organic refuse towards upper side from a lower side.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables effective decomposition of organic waste by microorganism.
The method involves supplying air and hot gas to an air pole of the battery, at varying levels. The cell voltage and direct current are measured in each case. The mean oxygen concentration near the inlet and outlet of the air pole are measured. The cell voltage in pure oxygen concentration is estimated. The oxygen gain is computed from the difference between the estimated cell voltage and the rated cell voltage corresponding to specific air mass flow. The gaseous diffusion performance of the air pole is obtained from the calculated oxygen gain.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids damage to fuel battery. Enables exactly diagnosing characteristics, thereby improving reliability.
The installation is constituted by a cathode recycling line through which cathode exhaust gas of fuel battery is circulated along with air are circulated. A high temperature recycling blower (17b) is provided in the recycling line to control the amount of recycling of cathode exhaust gas. The amount of air supplied is controlled by an air mass flow control valve (6a).    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces cost by using single recycling blower.
The assembly includes a flow path formation member (4) that is provided between the cells, facing the oxygen content gas passageway and fuel gas passageway. The flow path formation member has an integrated projection (R) which partitions the oxygen content gas passageway and the fuel gas passageway. Multiple electrically conductive portions (Dr) are provided on either sides of the flow path formation member. A set of electrically conductive portions (7) are arranged on a board which is placed on the flow path formation member facing the oxygen content gas passageway. The electrically conductive portions facing the fuel side connects the electrically conductive portion on the other side of the fuel path formation member, with the fuel pole.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies assembling.
The cell has a substrate containing phosphoric acid arranged between a fuel pole catalyst layer (2) and an air pole catalyst layer (3). A fuel pole and air pole base materials (4,5) are formed on fuel pole and air pole catalyst layers, respectively. A heating gas passage (7) and an air passage (8) are provided in the fuel pole and air pole base material, respectively. Slits (10) are provided at either sides of the fuel pole base material. Heat resistant and acid-proof fine particles are filled in the slit.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids leakage of reaction gas.
The cell has fuel pole provided at circumference of a solid electrolyte layer (1). An oxygen pole side projection (1S) and fuel pole side projection (1F) are provided along thickness direction of a solid electrolyte layer. The projections are provided in a condition which forms a flow path vent for passage of oxygen and full gas, respectively.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies assembly of full battery.
The process involves forming a metal film on a substrate (1) and patterning it by etching, to form a pair of electrodes (2). After the formation of the electrodes, the substrate is subjected to heat processing in vacuum. Reverse spatter process is subsequently performed on the metal film surface and the surface of the electrodes is cleansed. A thin metallic oxide film (3) is finally formed on the surface of the electrodes.    ADVANTAGE -   Restrains reduction of sensitivity due to surface pollution during metallic oxide film formation. Ensures high sensitivity towards methane and CO.
New catalysts based on supported amorphous alloys, which comprise a porous support, an amorphous Ni - P alloy supported on this support and a catalytic compound pre-deposited on the support to induce and catalyse the formation of the Ni - P alloy.    Also claimed are their preparation and use.    USE -   The catalysts are used in the total or partial hydrogenation of unsaturated groups including alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, nitrated compounds, ketones, carboxylic compounds and nitriles.They are particularly useful in the partial hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene.    ADVANTAGES -   The hydrogenation activities of the catalysts are greater than those of former amorphous alloy type compounds, e.g. Raney nickel, and have a very good thermal stability.They are very efficient and have a low Ni content.
Formulation for directly obtaining expanded, machined or laminated sheets comprises (A) at least one matrix polymer selected from polyvinyl chlorides obtained by polymerisation in bulk or suspension with K value = 50-90, and viscosity (ISO R 174) = 60-200 cm3g-1; and (B) at least one expansion agent made up polymeric microspheres containing liquid or expandable gas.    Also claimed are method for making expanded sheet; and expanded sheets made by said method.    Preferably (A) has K value = 57-65. Microspheres making up (B) are made from thermoplastic polymer and filled with isopentane; the thermoplastic being an acrylic. Microspheres have initial diameter of 9-17 m which increases to 40-60m on heating to 80-220C. The composition comprises 100 pts. wt. (A), 3-15 pts. (B), 0.5-6 pts. wt stabiliser (C) selected from e.g. calcium/zinc stabilisers, and tin thioglycolate, 0.1-3 pts. wt. lubricant (D) e.g. glycerol monooleate, 0.0001-5 pts. wt. pigment (E) e.g. titanium dioxide, up to 100 pts. wt. agent (F) of similar nature to (A), and 10-50 pts. wt. plasticiser (G) e.g. adipic acid, butyloctylphthalate, or n-octyl trimellitate.    USE -   For making expanded polymer sheets (claimed) which are used in decoration and packaging.    ADVANTAGE -   Product is obtained directly, and gelification stage in its manufacture can be repeated if necessary (claimed).
A gaseous mixture high in H2 and low in carbon monoxide (CO), is generated in an apparatus from a water/fuel mixture by catalytic steam reforming and partial oxidation of the product gas. The CO level is reduced by its selective catalytic oxidation in a gas purification stage.    During an initial phase, oxygen is added to the fuel material and the direction of flow is reversed so that the gas passes first through the purification stage and then through the gas generation apparatus.    USE -   To produce hydrogen suitable for use in a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The final gas is rich in H2 and low in CO, therefore having better cold-start properties.
A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.
In a composting process, the novelty is that material composted in a previous stage is then is inverted (5), moistened (6) and further composted under forced ventilation.    Preferably before the further composting, the compost is held in intermediate storage (4) preferably in large heaps (2) and especially under a foil cover (3). Following the second composting, the composted material may used immediately for the end-purpose or is stored in a thin layer.    Also claimed is a suitable is a suitable apparatus for performing the process.    USE -   The process and assembly maintain the compost from e.g. market garden or park waste, in an intermediate condition prior to use. The time at which final conversion is effected is selected by the user.    ADVANTAGE -   The conversion process is synchronised to coincide with the time of year at which there is a requirement for compost.
The fuel cell with a methanol reformer is connected at its output parallel to an electric energy storage (3). A charge condition sensor (5) is allocated to the storage, the signal outputs of which are connected with a control unit (4). The control unit is connected with the fuel cell (2), and controls this depending on the charge status of the energy storage.    The energy storage is designed as a battery or a super capacitor. The charge condition sensor is designed as a current measuring unit. The current measuring unit (5) is designed as a shunt or a current transformer. The energy storage is allocated a temperature sensor (6), the signal output of which is connected with the control unit.    ADVANTAGE -   System can be operated with higher degree of utilisation than before.
Preparation of compost comprises: (A) inoculating an organic waste with a spawn for aerobic compost and supplying oxygen while agitating the waste and supplying water so that the water content of the waste is 60 +/- 5% or (B) inoculating an organic waste with a spawn for aerobic compost, initiating fermentation and adding a saccharide in portions to the waste before migration of main fermentation to an amine-ammonia metabolic system and (C) an apparatus for preparing compost having a fermentation tank with an oxygen supply means, water spray means and agitation means and means for detecting or evaluating the water content of an organic waste within the fermentation tank and controlling the amount of water sprayed by the water spray means based on the results of the detection or judgement.    ADVANTAGE -   In preparing compost having good quality by treating an organic waste discharged from a food processing plant, the generation of ammonia and amines causing emission of malodour and the formation of lower fatty acids as a growth inhibitor of plants can be inhibited and the compost can be stably and rapidly prepared.
The following are claimed: (A) decontamination of soil which has a solid organic explosive composition (OEC), comprising: (a) providing a supply of soil which has at least one solid OEC and also comprises a supply of natural bacteria which are able to chemically break down the solid OEC; (b) delivering at least one organic solvent (which is able to at least partially dissolve the solid OEC) to the soil, so that the solvent comes into contact with the OEC and at least partially dissolves the OEC, thus making the OEC more bioavailable to the bacteria; optionally (c) delivering at least one organic nutrient composition to the soil; and (d) maintaining the OEC in the soil, after dissolution of the OEC, for a time sufficient to enable the bacteria to chemically break down the OEC directly within the soil. (B) production of a compost product which is used to decontaminate soil which has a solid OEC, comprising: (a) providing a supply of soil which has at least one solid OEC and also comprises a supply of natural bacteria which are able to chemically break down the solid OEC; (b) delivering at least one organic solvent (which is able to at least partially dissolve the solid OEC) to the soil, so that the solvent comes into contact with the OEC and at least partially dissolves the OEC, thus making the OEC more bioavailable to the bacteria; (c) delivering at least one organic nutrient composition to the soil; and (d) leaving the OEC in the soil in order to form the compost product.    USE -   The processes are useful for removing OECs ranging from powder-type granules with small individual particle sizes to large individual units that would not be subject to effective microbiological/bacterial consumption using standard methods.    ADVANTAGE -   The processes are cost-efficient,non-labour-intensive, safe and effective. They require minimal amounts of added reagents and supplemental ingredients. They enable the return of treated soil samples directly to the environment.
Ventilated waste collecting container has an enclosed volume (12) of the bucket like portion (1) ventilated by a solid penetration shaft (4) which penetrates the sealable lid (3) and passes air to and from the drainage chamber (7) below the suspended floor (5).    Air below the suspended floor (5) circulates through ventilation/drainage holes (6) and the enclosed volume (12) and the contained waste. Water drains from the waste through the holes (6) and collects in drainage chamber (7) below the floor (5).    When the lid (3) is sealed, the insects can only reach the waste following the air path. When the insects are in the enclosed volume (12), they tend to be trapped and cannot find their way out.    USE -   The container is useful for collecting and storing compost forming waste while minimising offensive odours and the accumulation of insect or other pests by providing specially designed ventilation and drainage.    ADVANTAGE -   The container, which is easy to use, empty and clean and which is economical to manufacture has circulating air to maintain aerobic conditions to minimising offensive odours that would accompany anaerobic conditions.    Water drains and collects in the drainage chamber below the suspended floor when it cannot contribute to anaerobic conditions in the waste. The escape of insect pests is inhibited by a circuitous path which they must follow to escape the container.
A gas separation process for separating carbon dioxide, methane and trace contaminants contained in a landfill gas feed stream comprises:a) separating trace contaminants from landfill gas feed stream to form a methane product gas stream (44) containing substantially only carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen b) introducing the methane product gas stream into absorption column (122) for contact with a solvent to form a second methane product (130) containing substantially only methane and nitrogen and carbon-dioxide enriched bottom product (132) containing substantially only solvent and carbon dioxide c) separating a second methane product by liquefaction into a gaseous overhead liquefaction product (136) comprising a methane and nitrogen mixture and a liquid liquefaction product comprising methane d) introducing the carbon dioxide-enriched bottom product and the gaseous overhead liquefaction product into a stripper (128) to regenerate the solvent absorbent by forming solvent bottom product comprising substantially only solvent used in absorption column and stripper top product comprising mostly only carbon dioxide, nitrogen and methane e) a solvent bottom product comprising substantially only solvent for use in the absorption column and a stripper top product comprising substantially only carbon dioxide, nitrogen and methane f) recycling the solvent bottom product back to the absorption column.    USE -   Concentrating and removing commonly occurring pollutants from landfill gas using a reduced amount of carbon dioxide absorbent.    ADVANTAGE -   The invention is cost effective and concentrates toxic impurities present in landfill gas at trace concentrations for efficient disposal.
A hydroscopic porous carrier e.g. crushed bark, wooden piece, roasted coffee waste is made to carry aerobic bacteria in high concentration. The process carrier with aerobic bacteria and organic refuse e.g. food dreg or activated sludge are added to a fermenter equipped with a stirrer. The stirrer is rotated at a speed of 1-10 rotation/min for 1-10 second. Then, it is stopped temporarily for 3-60 seconds. The on-off operation is repeated and mix the ingredients properly. Aerobic bacteria act on organic waste and ferment it.    USE -   Used for recycling organic wastes e.g. activated sludge discharged from food factory or fish industry.    ADVANTAGE -   Formation of lump inside the fermenter is prevented. Supply of oxygen to aerobic bacteria is performed effectively. Fermentation is performed efficiently. Bulk-volume of organic waste and conveyance cost are reduced. Organic wastes are effectively recycled.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse is evaporated under reduced pressure to adjust its moisture content. The processed refuse is fermented.    USE -   For manure manufacture from organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Moisture content is reduced without deteriorating organic refuse composition. Good quality manure is obtained.
Processing organic waste water from drainage comprises biological treatment of waste water containing organic matter in presence of aerobic or anaerobic microorganism. Prior to biological treatment, a high voltage pulse is applied to the raw water and then an alkali is added so as to adjust the pH between 6-8.    ADVANTAGE -   The process shortens processing time, performs efficient biodegradability and offers water of high purity with stability.
The method involves using the bacillus micro-organism, for drainage treatment. The drainage is made to contact the bacillus micro-organism to remove the organic substance and the metal contained in the drainage.    ADVANTAGE -   Removes organic substance and metal from drainage effectively to secure deodorisation effect.
The apparatus includes an oil and fat accumulation prevention unit (28) where the drainage water is mixed with oil and fat dissolving micro-organism. The micro-organisms containing agents are mixed in water supplied at a predetermined temperature from a water tank (2). The water tank is provided with a heater (4) and high and low temperature sensors (5,6) to maintain required temperature. An aeration pipe (23) in the fat and oil accumulation prevention tank is supplied with air from a blower controlled by a regulating valve. The air supply is controlled corresponding to quantum of drainage flowing through the oil and fat gathering prevention tank.    USE -   For restaurant, golf course, service area.    ADVANTAGE -   Ensures oil and fat free drainage into public sewage. Prevents bad smell generation. Alleviates need for periodic cleaning removal of grease trap.
The method involves supplying microbe in a microbe culture tank (5) to a methane fermentation tank (1). Carbon monoxide present in the exhaust gas of microbe culture tank is subjected to reforming using steam to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide thus produced are supplied to the methane fermentation tank.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables conversion of harmful carbon monoxide in exhaust gas thereby facilitating direct discharge of exhaust gas after carbon monoxide removal.
Refuse processor comprises a casing with a raw refuse opening in its upper portion. A raw refuse crusher is included in the lower casing.    ADVANTAGE -   The unit operates with a high disposal efficiency while controlling the generation of unpleasant odours.
Organic waste processing machine comprises a treatment tank (1) in which a carrier and waste are changed. A separator (142), with a cylindrical filter (150) is provided for separating the carrier and the residual waste. A hydraulic motor (166) is provided for rotating and oscillating the cylindrical filter. A screw conveyor (17) transfers the carrier and the residual waste from the treatment tank to the separator. After the separation of the carrier and the residual waste the carrier is returned to the treatment tank by dropping from the separator through a removal path (173).    ADVANTAGE -   The machine performs separation of residual waste effectively and maintains carrier in suitable condition for microorganism activity.
Fermentation apparatus for organic refuse comprises a treatment tank (1) in which an outer side tumbling barrel (37) is arranged. A hollow rotary shaft (45) with an elevation mechanism (25) comprising a spiral wing (21) inside, is provided in the tumbling barrel. The upper and the lower end of the rotary shaft are opened. Several blades (38,38A-38C,39,40) are provided in outer perimeter of the rotary shaft. The elevation mechanism sends waste (H) from the lower opening to the upper opening of the rotary shaft. The blades are rotated, by a width directional rotational drive (12), along either directions, stirring the waste in the exterior side of the rotary shaft.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus does not require a large driving force to rotate blades as waste seldom becomes hard, and has reduced drive mechanism. It achieves uniform stirring of microorganism carrier and waste and supplies air uniformly to waste through feed pipes provided integrally to blades.
Raw garbage processor comprises a processing tank with a microorganism carrier. The processed material is discharged from the bottom side of the tank through an outlet able to be closed by a lid.    USE -   The processor is useful for the disposal of kitchen waste.
NOVELTY - The system comprises a disposer (1) which is connected to an exhaust port (4) of a sink (2) and performs grinding of organic refuse. A treatment tank (20) stores the ground material and the drainage discharged from the disposer is arranged above compositing apparatus (40). The bottom portion of the treatment tank is funnel-shaped and is connected to the compositing apparatus by a drain pipe provided with a switching valve (31). The compositing apparatus processes solid material discharged from the treatment tank.    USE -   The system is used for compost manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   The ground refuse and sludge which settles down in the funnel-like portion easily passes into compositing apparatus with tare weight and hydraulic pressure under gravity without a pump. Separation of solid and liquid matter of organic refuse is performed effectively by single treatment tank. Installation space, size and cost of the system are reduced and it is easily maintained.
Bacillus sp. CCC-a (FERM P-16175) has the following (1) form: rod, (2) Gram staining: positive, (3) spore: forms, oval form, (4) motility: positive, (5) aerobic, (6) catalase: positive, (7) growth at 5-30C: positive, 40-50C: negative, (8) GC content in intracellular DNA: 40 mol%, (9) anaerobic growth: negative, (10) V-P reaction: negative, (11) pH of V-P broth: 6.1, 6 or 7: negative, (12) acid or gas production from glucose: positive, (13) liquefaction of gelatin: positive, (14) decomposition of starch: negative, (15) use of citrate or propionate: negative, (16) egg yolk reaction: negative, (17) reduction of nitrate: negative, (18) growth under pH 6.8 or 5.7: negative, (19) growth in the presence of 2, 5, 7 and 10% sodium chloride: positive and (20) thermoresistance of spores: 80C for 10 minutes.    Bacillus sp. CCC-a (FERM P-16175) is preferably aerobically cultured in nutrient media at 5-30C and carried on a carrier.    USE -   The microorganism is used for purification of waste water with deodorisation and removal of metals.
The method involves extracting bones from large piece of meat of fish and subjecting the bones to grinding and washing operations. An enzyme is then added to decompose the organic substances contained in the bones. Further, one or more microorganisms like bacteria, yeast or filamentous fungi are added as required. Decomposition of organic materials is then carried out by passing air while heating the bones. The processed bones are then subjected to repeated dehydration to produce bone powder.    The bone powder obtained is then processed in aqueous solution of amphiphilic surfactant and further oxidised in presence of an oxidising agents.    USE -   Used for livestock feed, chemical and nutritive agents.    ADVANTAGE -   Has high nutritional value. Manufactures calcium agent cheaply and in abundance. Contributes to environmental preservation. Provides high utilisation value as additives e.g. fertiliser.
NOVELTY - The apparatus (1) consists of a scoop conveyor (10) to mix and transfer processed wastes, and a control unit (5) to perform drive control of the conveyor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus consists of a scoop conveyor (10) which mixes and transfers processed wastes (8). The scoop conveyor consists of a pair of pulleys (11a,11b) of which at least one is a drive pulley. A chain (12) which has several scoops (13) arranged on it passes around the pulleys and is inclined at a predetermined angle (). The pulleys move inside the fermenter at a predetermined transfer speed (Vm) and the chain moves at a predetermined scoop speed (Vs). The transfer speed, scoop speed and the chain angle are variable. A control unit (5) is provided to perform drive control of the conveyor.    USE -   For making compost using processed waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Fermentation of processed waste is efficiently performed in the fermenter.
Iron material (I) and water are reacted in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst (II) to form hydrogen in situ.    USE -   On board generation of H2 for the fuel cell of an electric powered vehicle (claimed) where low temperature steam or heated water is passed over an iron bed in a reactor.    ADVANTAGE -   Rapid conversion rates. Spent metal oxide can be regenerated with a reducing gas e.g. reformed natural gas.
Process for the selective removal of water, carbon dioxide, ethane and 3+C hydrocarbons from a gas stream to produce a purified gas stream, involves contacting the gas stream at elevated pressure with an adsorbent material consisting of basic, mesoporous compounds (with surface area less than 500 m2/g).    USE -   For use in purification of pipeline natural gas prior to liquefaction.    ADVANTAGE -   Selectively removes water, carbon dioxide, ethane and 3+C hydrocarbons from natural gas using a single adsorbent which can be regenerated.
The pack includes several battery units (20) consisting of cathode and anode to which gas containing oxygen and hydrogen are supplied, respectively. The combustion gas from a modifier (22) is passed through a carbon dioxide gas recycle line (10) to the cathode of battery. A cathode circulation line (3) receives air supplied from a carbon dioxide gas circulation blower (38) and supplies the cathode exhaust gas to a turbine drive unit (47). Water supplied to waste heat recovery vapour generator (30), is heated by cathode exhaust gas and vapour is generated. The vapour is mixed with gas discharged from anode and cathode. Blowers (36,38) provided in cathode circulation line and carbon dioxide gas recycle line, supply cathode exhaust gas to the turbine.    USE -   Hydraulic, thermal and nuclear power generating system.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves battery efficiency by providing blowers in cathode in circulation line and carbon dioxide gas recycle line. Eliminates auxiliary equipments required for electric motor drive thereby apparatus cost is lowered.
The fuel battery has a polymer film electrode contact piece (1) on whose either sides, a separation board (2A), a collector board (4) and an end plate (5) are sequentially arranged. A porous carbon material (3) is arranged facing the separation board. When reaction gas flows through a gas flow passage, the moisture content in the gas is absorbed by the carbon material.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents generation of water droplet in gas flow passage. Ensures stable operation thereby improving efficiency.
A method of making a thermoplastic resin foamed material comprises: (i) adding 1-4 wt. pts. of a 16-22C fatty acid amide to 100 wt.pts. of thermoplastic resin; (ii) adding 3-30 wt. pts. of a foaming agent, consisting of 65-95 wt.% of 1,1-difluoroethane and 5-35 wt.% of iso-butane, to the mixture under pressure; and (iii) extrusion-foaming.    ADVANTAGE -   A thermoplastic resin foamed material with excellent dimensional stability can be obtained with a short curing time without causing the contraction of the foamed material. As the foaming agent does not contain chlorine, there is no danger of damaging the ozone layer.
NOVELTY - The method involves introducing organic waste containing fat (1) into an aqueous solution providing with microorganism which utilises fat in liquid state. In aerobic condition, organic waste is decomposed and converted into dry granular compost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing apparatus which has a liquid fermenter (3). Fermentation of organic waste is performed in the liquid fermenter. A solid fermenter (24) is provided to convert processed liquid into granular compost.    USE -   For decomposing waste containing fat, edible oil to obtain granular compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Decomposition of organic waste containing fat of fish, meat is efficiently performed. Conversion of decomposed residue into granular compost is simple.
Dissolution of organic waste containing bone involves processing organic waste which contains bone (1) from raw food. First, a deliming process of the organic waste is performed for removing the ash content in the bone.    Then, the protein contained in the bone is denatured by adding a baking material (2) to the organic waste. Finally, the dissolution process is carried out in an enzyme solution (3) in which the protein included in the organic waste is dissolved.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables easy dissolution of organic waste containing bone from raw food.
The apparatus (13) has an organic refuse processing chamber (1) into which a garbage disposal material (10) is filled. A rotating stirrer (16) which is provided in the processing chamber stirs the organic refuse and the garbage refuse material, and the decomposition of the organic refuse is performed by the power of the micro-organism which is contained in the garbage disposal material. An opening (71) for ejection of the garbage disposal material is provided in the lower portion of the processing chamber and a freely opening and closing cover (72) is mounted in the opening. A lock member (73) is rotatably mounted adjacent to the outside portion of the garbage disposal material ejection opening. A safety switch (74) detects the locked or unlocked condition of the cover and starts or stops the rotation of the stirrer, accordingly.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents leakage of garbage disposal material from gap between cover and ejection opening. Improves safety in operation. Performs safe ejection.
Organic waste processing apparatus has a processing chamber (1) which consists of a stirring unit (16) that is used to stir the supplied organic refuse, and to decompose refuse. A lid (27) is provided in an insertion opening (14) of the processing chamber, through which the supply of organic refuse is controlled.    A detector (71) detects the opening and closing of the lid. When the output of the detector exceeds a predetermined count number, then a warning unit (70) alerts to exchange the garbage disposal material.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables knowing exchange time of garbage disposal material, reliably. Simplifies operation of cover opening- closing detector.
Processing of organic waste water and culture for microbe used in oil processing involves coupling a methane fermentation tank (1) with a microbe culture tank (5) through a hydrogen and carbon dioxide supply device (6) and a microbe supply device (7). A part of the substrate in the fermentation tank is accumulated with methane by the action of the anaerobic bacteria. Hydrogen, carbon dioxide and microbes are supplied to the culture tank. The concentration of hydrogen in the fermentation tank is maintained to a lower value due to the hydrogen consumption effect of microbes for calculating the increase in the efficiency of methane fermentation.    ADVANTAGE -   The process maintains a low concentration of hydrogen in the methane fermentation tank due to hydrogen consumption and allows calculation of the increase in fermentation efficiency. The process reduces cost by combining organic waste water processing and culture of petroleum producing microbes.
Biodegradable waste material is converted by worms into a utilisable end product. A bed of material such as wood chips and grit hosts the worms and the waste material is deposited on the bed. The temperature, humidity and amount of air in the bed are controlled, as is also the amount of waste deposited. Worm castings are removed from the bottom of the bed by actuation of a retrieval mechanism. In an automated system a hopper (26) runs on a track (28) to traverse the bed and deposit waste material. A conveyor (30) removes the castings.    The process is carried out preferably under relative humidity of 60 - 90%, and the bed has a depth in excess of 20cm. An air blowing device blows air up through the gridded bar support into the bed.    USE -   For large scale conversion of biodegradable organic material into useful agricultural or horticultural waste. Uses e.g. 2000 - 10,000 worms per square metre, with the resultant bed containing about 60% worms, and 40% organic matter by volume.    ADVANTAGE -   Gives faster process.
During the composting process for a charge of organic waste materials, the decomposing matter features a number of physico-chemical parameters which indicate the progress and condition of the composting process. One or more of these physico-chemical process parameters is monitored by appropriate instrumentation which together with information on the outputs or products gives an indication of the rate at which the conversion process is progressing. The physico-chemical values determined representing the progress of the composting process are measured at different time intervals, and are compared with each other. If a parameter change results in an increase in the conversion ratio, the parameter change is reinforced. If the parameter change results in a decrease in the conversion ratio, the parameter change is reduced. In addition to the physico-chemical parameters measured, the quantity of the end-product or that of a conversion process is measured is measured to provide an indication of the conversion efficiency.    USE -   Used to effect dynamic control of a biological metabolic process, especially composting.    ADVANTAGE -   The process helps to create optimum physico-chemical conditions for especially composting biological waste, maximising compost output.
Acceleration of biodegradation of organic matter comprises blowing the organic matter through an elongate stack (2) while oxygen-containing gas is blown (4,3) through the stack from the inside to the outside surface and the stack is periodically agitated. The gas is recycled as a substantially closed gas circulation (10,6,5) and refrigerated (12) and refrigerated gas is blown through the stack at such a rate that the temperature of the stack increases from within towards the surface of the stack.    ADVANTAGE -   Control of condition of air flow gives optimal biodegradation conditions. The water vapor bound to the gas does not condense on the degrading matter and lose its energy to the matter. Larger populations of bacteria can be maintained and the energy recovered from the degrading matter is produced at a higher rate.
A methanol reforming reactor includes a reaction chamber into which the catalyst is charged. Before operations begin, the catalyst is aged, its volume either being reduced before being charged into the reaction chamber or further catalyst being introduced to compensate for shrinkage after the catalyst has been aged inside the chamber. The ageing process is continued until the shrinkage rate falls below a predetermined value.    Also claimed is a process for pre-treating the catalyst by heating it for between 1 and 50 hours in an atmosphere of CH3OH and H2O at between 240 and 350C at a charge rate of between 0.5 m3H2/h and 50 m3H2/h per litre of catalyst until its shrinkage rate falls below a predetermined value.    USE -   In methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The catalyst does not undergo a loss in its specific activity that would otherwise occur during shrinkage during the first few hours of use.
A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.
A methanol reforming catalyst is pre-aged before use by heating for several hours in a dry oxidising or inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least 300C until its volume shrinkage comes to a standstill.    Preferably the atmosphere during pre-ageing contains &lt; 1 vol.%, the balance being either air or argon.    USE -   To prepare a methanol reforming catalyst    ADVANTAGE -   By pre-shrinking the catalyst it does not undergo a loss in its specific activity that would otherwise occur during shrinkage during the first few hours of use.
Reclaiming materials such as sands, soil and earth which are contaminated with organic substances, using a reactor which provides wet-mechanical working and biological treatment of the contaminated material, a disintegrating aggregate for wet mechanical working or a bioreactor which is set up such that mechanical disintegration, mechanical abrasion of the particle surface and biological treatment of the material takes place, coupled to a fixed bed reactor filled with granular material through which a liquid stream containing suspended light and very fine particles is fed and then recirculated.    USE -   The process is used for reclaiming sand, soil, earths, and other fine particulate material contaminated with harmful, toxic and environmentally polluting organic substances such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl and mineral oil residues.    ADVANTAGE -   The process gives improved reclamation efficiency, and improved removal of contaminants adhering tightly to the surface of or adsorbed onto particulate materials such as sand, soils or earths, by attrition of the mineral particle surface and separation of light material, very fine particles and abraded material in the fixed bed reactor in addition to biological conversion of the organic substances.
A method for renaturing denatured proteins, comprises treating the denatured proteins with a renaturing agent (A) having a hydroxyl group and at least one fluoro atom at carbons in close vicinity.    USE -   The method can be applied to renature valuable proteins that have been denatured through, e.g. sterilisation.
Process disposes of rubber (10), including rubber waste, and similar materials. It is cracked using high frequency electromagnetic waves (e.g. magnetron and waveguide (8, 9) into a gas and carbonaceous mixture (char).    Preferably, the gas is used for energy recovery. Irradiation takes place in a Faraday cage (including base grid, 11).    USE -   To dispose of waste rubber and similar materials.    ADVANTAGE -   The carbonaceous residue is 35% of the original mass. The gas produced is combustible. Complications and cost of incineration or carbonisation plants, excessive in some prior art, are avoided. Some electrical energy generated from the gas is recycled to the high frequency generator. The remainder is available for use.
In a process to encapsulate the refuse held at an open waste disposal site, the waste is covered with a temporary or permanent single covering layer which is prepared from a mixture of substances which are chosen according to the nature of the potential hazard emanating from the site. The cover protects the refuse site from erosion and the ingress of water. The process involves the following steps: (a) in a first stage, a the site covering material is prepared from a mixture of natural, vegetable and anthropogenic input materials, secondary raw materials and recycling materials, using a defined recipe to form a cover which supports plant life; (b) the material is applied to the site as one or more layers, where is it is stabilised aerobically and planted; (c) the process is repeated until such time as the covering material has stabilised and adapted the site to the required objectives; (d) if required, the covering substance is first mixed and aerobically stabilised before application to the site.    USE -   Process to protect an open waste disposal site from erosion and water ingress.    ADVANTAGE -   The protection process uses a substrate layer which can be applied in two stages using simple equipment, and is produced using easily available and low-cost inputs. The covering system is non-sensitive to subsidence and can incorporate a mixture of different recycling materials which is adaptable to local requirements. Following the release of the gases generated by the site and settlement, there are a number of available long-term options for the final treatment or use of the site.
Domestic waste is dried at low temperature, to remove all the water without decomposing the waste, using heat which is obtained by incinerating some of the dried waste.    USE -   Domestic waste disposal in small communities.    ADVANTAGE -   Waste is dried economically using only energy obtained from waste itself, without releasing toxic gases, and the resulting dried waste is non-polluting.
Expandable particles of styrene polymer (EPS) containing homogeneously distributed graphite particles (GP), which can be processed to foam with a density of not more than 35 g/l.    Also claimed are (i) production of EPS by combining polystyrene (PS) with GP and a blowing agent; (ii) production of PS foam by expanding carbon particle containing EPS to a density 35 g/l; (iii) PS foam containing 0.05-25 wt% GP, with a density 35 g/l and a low thermal conductivity which meets the requirements of Class 035 (DIN 18164, Part 1, Table 4); and (iv) self extinguishing PS foam containing GP and an organic bromine compound as fire retardant.    USE -   The PS foam made from these EPS beads is used for thermal insulation of buildings, parts of buildings, machines and domestic appliances, and as packaging material (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   EPS beads with good physical properties, good (clean) processing properties and in particular very good fire resistance, which can be converted into low density PS foam with a low thermal conductivity without loss of blowing agent or adverse effects on cell structure.
The fermenter comprises a cylindrical tube (20) rotatable about its longitudinal axis. It is subdivided over its entire length into at least two separate compartments by a partition (7).    Preferably the tube is subdivided into four separate compartments by the partitions. The partitions are provided with openings. The size of the openings may decrease in the longitudinal direction of the tube, or increase in a direction from the wall towards the tube centre. Circumferential stiffening elements may be provided at regular intervals along the length of the tube.    USE -   For aerobically fermenting animal manure, especially chicken manure. It may also be used for fermenting garden and kitchen waste, and auction mart waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermenter provides a residual material of constant quality with a low moisture content and a small residual amount of unfermented materials. The amount of air required is reduced, and hence energy consumption is minimised.
A continuous composter (10) has an enclosed tunnel (12). It is divided into upstream and a downstream composting zones. The upstream zone is aerated by an air circulation system (42A,43A,46A,48A) and the downstream zone by a system (42B,43B,46B,48B). A conveyor track (22) extends along the length of the tunnel along which a train of conveyor trays (24) are shunted. A ram (26) has a shunting stroke equal to the length of a shunting step of the trays. It acts on the frame of the upstream conveyor tray. In each air circulating system, the exhaust suction is maintained stronger than the inlet pressure of aerating gases.    USE -   For large or small scale composting of food garbage with or without the addition of other less easily compostable materials such as wood chips or rubber.    ADVANTAGE -   The system minimises bacterial contamination.
A method for promoting the activity of a solid strong acid catalyst in catalysing continuous isomerisation of a linear 4-8C alkane to a branched alkane, the catalyst having both Lewis acid sites and Bronsted acid sites and selected from sulphated metal oxide, tungstated metal oxides and molybdated metal oxides, involves converting the Lewis acids sites to Bronsted acid sites in situ by adding 1-50 p.p.m. water or water precursor in an amount sufficient to generate 1-50 p.p.m. water.    USE -   For use in the catalytic isomerisation of linear alkanes to branched alkanes or in catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, hydrodesulphurisation, alkylation, polymerisation or oligomerisation. Branched alkanes are useful as gasoline components.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes catalytic activity in a continuous fixed bed operation.
A resource recycling method for waste treatment of a feed with liquefaction and pyrolysis in an inclined liquefaction/pyrolysis zone, the zone having a liquefaction zone at a lower end and a pyrolysis zone at an upper end, involves:(a) crushing the feed into small pieces of 5-10 cm, (b) feeding the crushed feed into the liquefaction zone, (c) introducing oil into the liquefaction zone, (d) liquefying the feed and oil at 200-400 C, (e) moving the crushed feed upwardly into the pyrolysis zone and (f) pyrolysing the output from the liquefaction zone at 300-500 C. A liquefaction/pyrolysis device for the above process comprises: (A) a feed hopper, (B) an inlet pipe with one end connected to the feed hopper, (C) an inclined reactor body connected to the other end of the inlet pipe, (D) a rotatable screw within the reactor body, (E) a motor rotationally connected to the inclined screw, (F) an outlet pipe with one end connected to an upper end of the reactor body, (G) a separator connected to the other end of the outlet pipe to separate ferrous metal product from non-ferrous metal product and (H) an oil supply unit for supplying oil to the lower end of the reactor body. Feed from the hopper enters the liquefaction zone before passing through the pyrolysis zone.    USE -   For recycling of solid wastes e.g. plastic and rubber wastes, scrap tyres, contaminated soils, lubricating oils to recover valuable oil products.    ADVANTAGE -   One-step thermal treatment process increases efficiency of separation and recycling and reducing environmental pollution.
The system includes a first dry type dust removal apparatus (30) to remove dust adhering to introductory raw gas containing activated carbon obtained by high temperature and gasification. A heat exchanger (40) is provided for performing heat recovery and gas purification of raw gas mixed with absorber of corrosive gas. A second dry type dust removal apparatus (50) is provided to collect solid particles of absorber from processed raw gas of heat exchanger. The processed raw gas from the second dust removal apparatus is subjected to backwashing process and introduced to dry type desulphurisation apparatus (70) which removes sulphur content from raw gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides sufficient environmental protection by removing corrosive gas. Improves power generation efficiency by enhancing temperature of inlet gas of gas turbine.
The apparatus has a fixed bed gasifier (1) to which organic waste containing metal (3) and a gasifying agent (5) are supplied. Partial combustion of organic waste is performed in a combustion portion (8) and the partially combusted waste is gasified by a furnace. The gasified product is burnt in a pre- heat region of interior portion of the furnace by a gas burner (17). A sampling unit (30) is provided to analyse and measure the characteristics of partially combusted gas. A control unit is provided to control the supply of gasified product to the burner through a feed pipe (33). The control unit (34) is adjusted by an adjusting unit depending upon the analysis result of obtained partially combusted gas. Oxygen concentration of the gasified product is controllable.    USE -   For processing car shredder dust.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains oxygen concentration of partially combusted gas in suitable range. Maintains temperature of organic waste suitably. Enables to operate fixed bed gasifier stably at optimum conditions. Enables to recover valuable metal of high purity.
The equipment has a heat treatment chamber (2) at whose either ends, a feeding tube (3) and product and exhaust gas ejection tubes (4,5) are provided, respectively. A hot air jet nozzle is provided in the heat treatment chamber. A stir shaft (8) extends from one end to the other end of the heat treatment chamber. Several puddles (7) are provided in the shaft for stirring a heat treated material. The puddles are positioned facing a product drain tube. A space is provided between the internal surface of the heat treatment chamber and the puddles of the stir shaft. The diameter of the feeding tube is smaller that of the product ejection tube.    USE -   For beer lees, coffee lees, plastic and tyre waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes heat and mass transfer, and gives carbide of good quality.
NOVELTY - The agromix is prepared by adding an agrochemical to decomposed organic matter during or after its fermentation.    USE -   For plant cultivation.    ADVANTAGE -   The agromix promotes plant growth. Outflow of agrochemicals into the environment is prevented by quick dissolution of agrochemical and its adsorption on the organic matter.
NOVELTY - The aquatic plants e.g. algae generated in lakes or swamps are mown by a ship. The mowed plants are shredded and then fermented for a fixed time in a fermenter.    USE -   Used for making compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Fermentation is promoted and volume of aquatic plants is reduced by dehydration. Fermentation time is reduced by additional supply of microbes.
NOVELTY - A reaction container (8) is provided with the reforming catalyst layer (10) which deforms original fuel to reforming gas. A fuel inlet (17) and reformed gas outlet (20) is provided for the container. A furnace (1) supplies combustion gas through several trip tubes present in the reforming catalyst layer. The trip tubes are in the shape of an inverted U to form an inlet (12) and outlet (13). A fuel shield (22) is provided along the periphery of the reaction container.    USE -   For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves reforming efficiency and reduces escape of methane. Heating time is also shortened.
The raw garbage processing mixture consists of 20-700wt parts of alkaline compound and moisture adjustment material. The alkaline compound is calcium or silicate and the moisture adjustment material is one among peat, moss, chaff, palm husk or resin foam.    ADVANTAGE -   Continues prolonged fermentation of raw refuse.
The method involves injecting methane in the exhaust passage of ozone gas.    USE -   For removing ozone gas discharged from an installation using it, e.g. in semiconductor manufacture where it is used in the formation of oxide films.    ADVANTAGE -   Suitable for the treatment of gases having a high ozone content.
The battery has a contact piece comprising two electrodes which pinches a solid electrolyte. A pair of separators (24) are respectively arranged on the sides of the electrodes. Several grooves are formed on each separator surface opposing the electrode, and fluid passages (26) are formed between the respective electrode and separator. An inlet (26a) and an outlet (26b) of the respective fluid passages are formed on the peripheral edges of the corresponding separator. A folding portion (26c) is positioned in the center section of the separator.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electricity generation efficiency by equalising reactant density in various portions of electrodes. Provides very effective fluid passage layout.
Rotary kiln-type sewage residue incinerator comprises an inclined rotating cylinder (1) with an outer cylinder (1a) made of steel plate. A refractory inner lining (1c) is provided to the outer cylinder and an inner cylinder (1c) made of steel plate is provided inside the outer cylinder. The inner cylinder extends from the upper end over half the lengths of the rotating cylinder. The inner cylinder forms a dryer (A). A combustor (B) is provided at the lower end following the dryer. A burner (3) is provided in the lower end vicinity of the rotating cylinder. A supply mechanism (4) and an exhaust mechanism (5) are provided at an upper end side of the rotating cylinder. The dryer is divided into a crumbling section (6), middle section (7) and a crushing section (8). A set of crumbling chains (6a) in a loose state are hung in the crumbling section towards the rotation axis. The middle and crushing sections are also provided with a set of hanging chains (7a,8a) arranged at equal intervals. The chains are attached to inner the peripheral surface of the inner cylinder.    USE -   The incinerator is used for incinerating residue generated from purification tanks and drainage systems.    ADVANTAGE -   Successive drying and incineration can be performed in a simple installation.
The installation has a fermentation drying tank (2) that dries inserted raw garbage. A incinerator (3) incinerates the processed garbage. A deodorization furnace (4) deodorizes exhaust gas from the incinerator. A heat exchanger (51) is provided in a circulation path (5) which retrieves suitable quantity of heat from exhaust gas. A liquid heating medium is heated and extracted heat is transferred to a heating source (15) provided in the fermentation drying tank.    A heating medium circuit (53) leads the liquid heating medium from the heat source back to the heat exchanger (51). Another heat exchanger (62) is located in the circulation path from the deodorization furnace which heats air flowing via air supply path leading to the deodorization furnace and the incinerator.    USE -   For processing raw garbage generated in fish, vegetable market, poultry, pig farm, ham factory and supermarkets.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers processing installation with higher thermal efficiency. Utilizes heat contained in exhaust gas effectively.
Domestic organic waste disposal apparatus has a belt conveyor unit (52) for loading and conveying the refuse which is stirred and processed. Guide units (56-74, 78-82) are used for guiding the conveyer belt so that they move to a predetermined height upwards. A drive unit (76) is used for driving the belt conveyor.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic waste and waste disposal agent are reliably stirred.
Organic waste processing apparatus (10) in chemical industries includes a main body (12) in which a mixing vessel (16) is placed. A churning shaft (18) for organic waste is passed through at the bottom side of the mixing vessel. A transmission gear (22) is keyed to the churning shaft. The transmission gear is driven by a drive gear (28) rotated by a motor (26). The drive and the transmission gear are spanned by a chain (24). A chain guide (50) is positioned at the delivery side of the drive motor.    ADVANTAGE -   Power consumption is reduced and motor characteristics are improved.
Domestic organic waste processing apparatus comprises a heater (40) to heat the organic waste set in a mixing vessel (16). One end of the heater is positioned on the peripheral surface of the vessel and the other end is fixed to the peripheral surface of the vessel by a restrainer.    ADVANTAGE -   Accidental dismantling of the heater is prevented.
The method involves connecting outflow side fuel chamber (31) and cyclic water chamber (35) with an exhaust valve (65). Anode (22) and cathode (23) are formed on either surfaces of solid body electrolyte film (21). The oxidizing agent chamber and the fuel chamber are arranged on cathode and anode sides, respectively. Proximity deposition of water chamber is then carried out. Fuel sources are connected to the inflow side of fuel chamber through fuel supply valve (57).    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains fuel battery with appropriate temperature.
A refrigeration cycle using a multi-component refrigerant comprises; (a) partially condensing the compressed vapour; (b) separating the condensate from the vapour to form a condensate stream; (c) expanding the condensate stream; and (d) injecting the expanded stream back into the returning low pressure refrigerant. The injection takes place in the form of at least two sub-streams (110,112) formed by division of the condensate. These are injected into the return stream at different temperatures.    USE -   Liquefaction of natural gas (claimed) or other gases e.g. air, refinery off-gas, ethane and ethylene.    ADVANTAGE -   The division of the condensate into two streams with subsequent injection at different temperatures enables a progressive change in the evaporation characteristics of the low pressure refrigerant to better match the combined cooling curve of the high pressure refrigerant and the feed streams. Greater flexibility to handle changes in the composition, temperature and pressure of the gas stream is possible.
In a multi-stage composting reactor the novelty is that: (a) moist wastes are placed in a horizontal reactor which is sub-divided into three functional sectors (A, B, C); (b) wastes are introduced into the reactor sector A through which they are transported by a press which ejects water which is drained; (c)the wastes are transferred to zone B through which they are transported by air and in which organic constituents are sat least partly converted to CO2 and water; (d) water from zone B is drained, and gas in zone B is discharged; (e)wastes from zone B is transferred to zone C, in which air is also introduced;(f)the residence time in the reactor is between 4 and 14 days.    USE -   Composting reactor for esp. municipal organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The reactor maximises the suitability of the organic wastes for either incineration of disposal in open site dumps.
A solid polymer fuel cell which can stably generate electric power for a long period, because the cell is enabled to uniformly supply a fuel gas to all anodes by means of extended flow passages which are extended from anode-side flow passages and formed on an anode-side plate on the downstream side of the ends of the anodes in the direction of fuel gas flow, a water absorbing means for nearly uniformly (a) performing water absorption, water retention, and drainage on all channels provided at the ends of the extended flow passages, and a selective gas discharging means for discharging a gas more selectively than water on the upstream side of the water absorbing means.    In addition, (b) the power generation characteristics and service life of the fuel cell can be improved further, because the cell can maintain a solid polymer film in a moist state as a whole and can efficiently supply the fuel gas to all anodes by a means for distributing the fuel gas to the inlet sections of the anode-side flow passages and a means for distributing water from a water source to the inlet sections of the anode-side flow passages through holes having a prescribed form and leading to the inlet sections of the anode-side flow passages.
Apparatus for membrane gas/liquid absorption at elevated pressure comprises: (a) a pressure vessel which encloses a closed chamber, (b) a unit for supplying and discharging a gas phase to/from the chamber, (c) a membrane unit in the chamber comprising membrane element(s) defining a feed-through channel, and (d) a unit for supplying or discharging a liquid phase to the membrane unit such that the liquid phase can be passed from inlet through the channel to the outlet. The pressure vessel, inlet, outlet and membrane unit are provided in the chamber so that the gas phase can be directed in a flow direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the liquid phase through the membrane element, the exchange being able to place of components to be absorbed between the gas phase and liquid phase through the membrane element.    A method for performing membrane gas/liquid absorption at elevated pressure using the above apparatus is also claimed. The components are absorbed from a gas phase to a liquid phase through the wall of the membrane element(s), the gas and liquid phases are kept separate by the membrane element(s).    USE -   For use in membrane gas/liquid absorption at elevated pressure, especially for refining natural gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Gas/liquid absorption can be carried out at elevated pressures.
The apparatus has a vertical rotation axis (7) arranged in the centre. An overflow tube (4) is fixed at the bottom portion of the apparatus. Below the overflow tube a bottom rotating blade (8) which is fixed to the rotation axis is provided to push up the garbage falling from the overflow tube.    USE -   Used at school, kindergarten, nursery, home etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Garbage and microbes are mixed and decomposed efficiently due to pushing up of garbage by the bottom rotating blade. Since only garbage is pushed up and upheaved, low speed rotation is sufficient. Load and noise of motor are reduced. Small sized and inexpensive motor is employed. Bones, fibres etc., present in garbage are crushed efficiently. The apparatus has simple structure and can be manufactured cheaply. It can also be used at home where generation of garbage is little.
Deodoriser consisting of a pair of deodorant storage containers detachably mounted over bottom board with ventilation holes, is provided above a compost material accommodation chamber of a case. The apparatus consists of a case (6) equipped with a compost material accommodation chamber (1A). A cylindrically shaped stirrer (1) with a pair of blades (13) is provided in the accommodation chamber to stir the compost material. An air inlet (19) is provided in the accommodation chamber to allow air outside the case, to flow into the chamber. An exhaust gas portion (20) comprising of a deodoriser (21) is provided in the case above the accommodation chamber. The deodoriser consists of a pair of deodorant storage containers (22a,22b) which are detachably mounted on a pair of bottom boards (25a,25b) that has several ventilation holes. A pair of covers (23a,23b) are provided on top of the corresponding deodorant storage containers.    USE -   The apparatus is used for fermentation of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The air blown into the case diffuses the odour,out of the case. The apparatus is economical and offers simple handling. The structure of the entire apparatus is made simple.
Compost production apparatus from organic waste has ventilation holes in the surrounding walls of a cylindrical body which rotates automatically along its centre axis. An air inlet opening is positioned on both sides of a cylindrical shaft which supports the cylindrical body to blow air inside the cylindrical body. The apparatus has an inner cylindrical main body (1) in an outer case (6). The cylindrical body rotates along its axial centre. An upper inlet opening (9) with a cover (10) is formed in the case to insert organic waste into the cylindrical body. The fermented compost is removed through a lower outlet opening (11) with a cover (12) inside the cylindrical body. An horizontal central rotary shaft (18) is used to rotate the cylindrical body which has ventilation holes (5) in its wall periphery. An air inlet opening (19) is positioned on both sides of the cylindrical shaft (3) to blow air into the cylindrical body.    USE -   The apparatus is used for production of compost by fermentation and ageing of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus has a stirrer to automatically rotate the cylindrical body containing organic waste. Solidification of organic waste is prevented by using rotary blades inside the cylindrical body. The heat generation during fermentation process is prevented by blowing air through ventilation holes using a scavenging unit. Excess moisture in the organic waste is discharged through the ventilation holes. Aerobic fermentation and decomposition of organic waste is effected. Air is uniformly introduced through the ventilation holes. Fermentation is effected at low cost using the simple apparatus. Handling of the apparatus is easy. The ejection of processed compost is facilitated. The blades in the cylindrical body automatically pass the organic waste to the outlet opening by rotating it in a predefined direction.
Gas liquid mixer for drainage treatment device and culture tank has a diffuser (13) at the lower part in a reaction vessel (11). The air bubbles (19) rise through the liquid (15) from the diffuser and collide with the obstacle plate (16). The air disperses along the under surface of the obstacle plate and flows out through the gap between the obstacle plate and tank walls.    ADVANTAGE -   The mixer increases contact time and contact area of air bubbles, increases oxygen dissolution efficiency, prevents generation of splash and improves bioreaction efficiency.
A carrier for a microorganism incubation for the diffusion of microelements and inorganic nutrient salts. The microelements and the inorganic nutrients salts useful for the proliferation of the microorganism are included in the porous material.    USE -   A carrier for microorganism incubation is useful for a fixed-bed type methane fermentation (claimed) and waste water treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   A decrease in the activity of the microorganism due to toxicity of the porous material such as the high molecular polymer can be prevented. The surface coating prevents physical exfoliation of the microorganism which is proliferated on the carrier surface.
A molluscicidal composition comprises at least one fermentation product or digestate (or a fraction derived from it) having a basic pH and produced by the anaerobic thermophilic fermentation of biogenic household, industrial or garden waste.    USE -    The composition is used for the control of molluscs which cause damage in horticulture and agriculture or which are vectors for illnesses transmitted to human beings and other vertebrates. It is preferably used for the control of Limacidae, e.g. Deroceras reticulatum, Arionidae, e.g. Arion distinctus and Arion lisitanicus, Milacidae, Helicidae, Lymnaeidae and Bulinidae. Preferably, the composition is used in an amount of 15-150 m3per ha and is applied superficially or incorporated in the upper layer of soil.    ADVANTAGE -   The composition combines high activity with rapid degradation and a low incidence of side effects. It is fully acceptable from the ecological point of view and also enhances the quality of the land on which it is used.
This bin composts organic wastes. In the new arrangement, the composting volume is enclosed by structural sections and there are at least two of these, forming side surfaces. Each structural section has a particular topological feature. Imagine cutting the bin by a series of planes from the ground upward, each plane being parallel to the ground. The resulting sections exhibit the form of a Jordan curve. This is a simple, closed, connected curve in the plane, which does not cross itself. Preferably there are vent holes sized to hold a reasonable quantity. Flaps or side openings are included. The sections are single or multi part.    USE -   The device is used as a composter for e.g. garden and kitchen waste.    ADVANTAGE -   This composter can be located in situations not suitable for conventional units e.g. around high-growing bushes or trees. Large volume and surface area of the composter, favour the composting process.
This new method operates a low temperature coking and combustion plant (2). Waste (A) is fed to the coking drum (10), where hot gases raise its temperature. Pyrolysis residues (p) and/or gases (s) liberated are fed with fresh air (f), to the burner (30) of a high temperature combustion chamber (32). The novel feature is mixing of hot gas (h') leaving the coking drum, with the air (f) for the burner (30) of the high temperature combustion chamber (32). Also claimed is the corresponding soft coking and combustion plant. It includes a mixing zone (60) in which part of the heating gas (h') is mixed with air (f) for the burner (30).    USE -   A plant disposing of mixed wastes by carbonisation and slagging combustion.    ADVANTAGE -   The process described increases capacity and efficiency by mixing the used hot gas stream from the mixing drum, with fresh air for the high temperature combustion chamber. This recovers any calorific value and sensible heat, including that contained in entrained particulates. Quantities of natural gas and steam required to support the process, are thereby reduced. Other savings in electrical energy consumption and NOx emission result indirectly from lower temperatures in the combustion chamber.
Plant for production and utilisation of biogas consists of a usual biogas plant (1) followed by an algal reactor (2) and then a fermenter (3) for the production of poly--hydroxybutyric acid (I). Also claimed is a process for producing (I) using plant of this type.    USE -   (I) is a valuable, very promising biodegradable biopolymer. Other products, e.g. carotinoids extracted from the algal biomass, are useful as food colours or in the cosmetics industry.    ADVANTAGE -   Biogas is normally used in power stations, in which 33% of its total energy content is converted to electrical energy and 57% to heat, of which 12-20% is used for operating the biogas plant. The present process gives an efficient material and energy cycle. The biomass can also be recycled to the biogas plant for conversion to carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4.
A new unit heats rotary pyrolysis kilns (30), in a transverse flow of flue gases. The new arrangement includes a perforated refractory wall accommodating part of the external circumference of the kiln tube (3) at defined spacing. This distributes the hot flue gases and radiated heat, concentrating it almost exclusively on those parts of the kiln walls which are internally-covered by the treated material.    USE -   A method of indirect heating and pyrolysis for e.g. domestic waste charged into a rotary kiln.    ADVANTAGE -   This design combats poor heat transfer to the waste, solved by size in prior art, an expensive method. It avoids the danger of local overheating of the kiln wall, where there is no material in contact. In earlier designs, restricted temperatures solved this problem at the expense of poor thermal efficiency. The subject kiln avoids short-circuiting of hot gases to the exit. Throughput is increased, for a given capital cost. Practical values of material density before and after carbonisation are quoted.