(WO9954407-A2)   NOVELTY - Acid-base polymer blends or acid-base polymer blend membranes are produced by reaction of a solution of a polymeric sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid salt and an imidazole group or benzimidazole group containing polymer, optionally under addition of LiCl in a dipolar-aprotic solvent and evaporation of the solvent.    USE - The acid-base polymer blends are useful in the form of a thin film as a proton conductive electrolyte in membrane fuel cells (H2-polymer electrolyte or direct methanol fuel cells), in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, in aqueous or non-aqueous electrodialysis or diffusion dialysis or as membranes or hollow fibers for pervaporation, per-extraction, gas separation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer blend membranes have excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal stability.    (EP1076676-A2)   NOVELTY - Acid-base polymer blends or acid-base polymer blend membranes are produced by reaction of a solution of a polymeric sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid salt and an imidazole group or benzimidazole group containing polymer, optionally under addition of LiCl in a dipolar-aprotic solvent and evaporation of the solvent.    USE - The acid-base polymer blends are useful in the form of a thin film as a proton conductive electrolyte in membrane fuel cells (H2-polymer electrolyte or direct methanol fuel cells), in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, in aqueous or non-aqueous electrodialysis or diffusion dialysis or as membranes or hollow fibers for pervaporation, per-extraction, gas separation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer blend membranes have excellent chemical, mechanical and thermal stability.
(EP1072060-A1)   NOVELTY - An anodic corrosion inhibiting agent is added to standard battery electrolyte solution which enhanced the solution and reduce corrosion and production of hydrogen gas. The new electrolyte solution comprises of anodic corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, sulfuric acid, and water.    USE - Lead-acid storage batteries having an enhanced electrolyte solution is used as a source of power to start internal combustion engines, electricity or generators.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced lead-acid storage batteries have a greater stability, thus, allowing the battery to remain idle for long periods of time without losing charge which improves the battery life. Production of hydrogen gas is reduced which will reduce the acid attack on the battery poles thus, reducing the chances of explosion under severe thermal conditions and corrosion at the battery poles is reduced. It is economical to manufacture.    (US6197451-B1)   NOVELTY - An anodic corrosion inhibiting agent is added to standard battery electrolyte solution which enhanced the solution and reduce corrosion and production of hydrogen gas. The new electrolyte solution comprises of anodic corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, sulfuric acid, and water.    USE - Lead-acid storage batteries having an enhanced electrolyte solution is used as a source of power to start internal combustion engines, electricity or generators.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced lead-acid storage batteries have a greater stability, thus, allowing the battery to remain idle for long periods of time without losing charge which improves the battery life. Production of hydrogen gas is reduced which will reduce the acid attack on the battery poles thus, reducing the chances of explosion under severe thermal conditions and corrosion at the battery poles is reduced. It is economical to manufacture.
(CN1233081-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.    (JP2000133291-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.
(EP1068648-A1)   NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte is obtained from a precursor comprising a polymer capable of forming viscous gel at specified temperature conditions.    USE - Used in lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Polymer electrolytes has significantly lower polymer content than traditional polymer electrolytes, display performance similar to liquid electrolytes, with improved safety, and are obtained using simplified technology. Produced electrochemical cells have high performance and safety.    (CN1295724-A)   NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte is obtained from a precursor comprising a polymer capable of forming viscous gel at specified temperature conditions.    USE - Used in lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Polymer electrolytes has significantly lower polymer content than traditional polymer electrolytes, display performance similar to liquid electrolytes, with improved safety, and are obtained using simplified technology. Produced electrochemical cells have high performance and safety.
(US6169280-B1)   NOVELTY - An image sensing device comprises a package including an imaging sensor and a light selective element coupled to opposite sides of the package overlying the top of the sensor.    USE - As the light detecting component in a digital imaging system such as a camera.    ADVANTAGE - The light selective element or filter is integrated into the image sensing package.    (TW417392-A)   NOVELTY - An image sensing device comprises a package including an imaging sensor and a light selective element coupled to opposite sides of the package overlying the top of the sensor.    USE - As the light detecting component in a digital imaging system such as a camera.    ADVANTAGE - The light selective element or filter is integrated into the image sensing package.
(EP988657-A1)   NOVELTY - An ion-conductive multiphase polymer gel electrolyte for lithium batteries has a continuous microscopic network of solid polymer and an interpenetrating conductive liquid phase comprising a solvent carrying dissolved lithium salt.    USE - As a polymer gel electrolyte for lithium rechargeable batteries and as these batteries    ADVANTAGE - Over 20 full charge/discharge cycles can be performed at a 0.2C rate without short-circuiting (claimed).    (US2001008732-A1)   NOVELTY - An ion-conductive multiphase polymer gel electrolyte for lithium batteries has a continuous microscopic network of solid polymer and an interpenetrating conductive liquid phase comprising a solvent carrying dissolved lithium salt.    USE - As a polymer gel electrolyte for lithium rechargeable batteries and as these batteries    ADVANTAGE - Over 20 full charge/discharge cycles can be performed at a 0.2C rate without short-circuiting (claimed).
(US6045940-A)   NOVELTY - A battery casing with an improved electrolyte flow path includes a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the battery casing, formed of a rectangular wall surrounding a cylindrical wall having a small gap.    USE - Especially with a lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - An improved electrolyte flow path is provided when the battery is tilted onto any of its sides.    (US6110617-A)   NOVELTY - A battery casing with an improved electrolyte flow path includes a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the battery casing, formed of a rectangular wall surrounding a cylindrical wall having a small gap.    USE - Especially with a lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - An improved electrolyte flow path is provided when the battery is tilted onto any of its sides.    (EP1072059-A1)   NOVELTY - A battery casing with an improved electrolyte flow path includes a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the battery casing, formed of a rectangular wall surrounding a cylindrical wall having a small gap.    USE - Especially with a lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - An improved electrolyte flow path is provided when the battery is tilted onto any of its sides.
(DE19915394-A1)   NOVELTY - The active material composition includes a plasticizer having an epoxidized soybean oil.    USE - For small, lightweight battery cells used in cameras, cellular phones, audio systems, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike conventional cells, which use the environmental pollutant dibutylphthalate as the plasticizer, cells prepared using the active material composition (i) do not cause environmental pollution because epoxidized soybean oil is used instead. The ionic conductivity of cells produced using the composition (i) is also enhanced.
(EP1064686-A1)   NOVELTY - Photovoltaic or photoconducting device is formed by the controlled lamination of two components, each comprising an electrode and a semiconductor layer, such that a mixed layer containing lesser amounts of both semiconductors is formed and leaves thinner original semiconductor layers.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Devices have a high efficiency to cost ratio, and the risk of pin hole formation is reduced, especially in large area devices. Device production is more flexible.
(JP2000082329-A)       NOVELTY - Electrolyte consists of a polymer having a sulfate group represented by a general formula (R1 -X)n where `R1' includes 1-20 hetero atoms such as N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, I, etc, and `X' is an organic residue containing N, O, S, and `n' is an integer more than or equal to 2. The polymer belongs to methylene, ethylene or propylene group.    USE -   For secondary battery or fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Exhibits high ionic conductivity, high proton conductivity and maintains stable conductivity over large temperature range and prolonged usage due to composition of electrolyte.
(WO9952154-A1)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module comprises one or more layers of composite foils with at least one polycarbonate layer and at least one fluorine-containing polymer layer.    USE - The module is useful for either stationary or mobile current generators (claimed), for solar vehicles, airships, boats, caravans, toys, TV mountings, luminous panels, timetable illumination, tracking and leisure areas, roof modules, and noise protection partition modules.    ADVANTAGE - The module has increased load carrying capacity combined with decreased weight, which is especially advantageous when a mobile current generator has to be used, has improved weather and moisture resistance and high strength, and can be used as a constituent of so-called hybrid modules.    (EP1070354-A1)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module comprises one or more layers of composite foils with at least one polycarbonate layer and at least one fluorine-containing polymer layer.    USE - The module is useful for either stationary or mobile current generators (claimed), for solar vehicles, airships, boats, caravans, toys, TV mountings, luminous panels, timetable illumination, tracking and leisure areas, roof modules, and noise protection partition modules.    ADVANTAGE - The module has increased load carrying capacity combined with decreased weight, which is especially advantageous when a mobile current generator has to be used, has improved weather and moisture resistance and high strength, and can be used as a constituent of so-called hybrid modules.
(JP2000077039-A)   NOVELTY - A prismatic battery has a 'jelly roll' type winding (2) positioned around a rigid spool (20) comprising tightly fitting horizontal plates (21, 22) connected by spaced-apart vertical struts (23, 24, 25).    USE - For portable equipment such as mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides reduced manufacturing costs, high energy density and increased reliability and service life.    (US6190794-B1)   NOVELTY - A prismatic battery has a 'jelly roll' type winding (2) positioned around a rigid spool (20) comprising tightly fitting horizontal plates (21, 22) connected by spaced-apart vertical struts (23, 24, 25).    USE - For portable equipment such as mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides reduced manufacturing costs, high energy density and increased reliability and service life.
(WO200000495-A1)   NOVELTY - Lithium bisoxalatoborate is produced by reacting lithium boron hydride with oxalic acid in an aprotic solvent.    USE - As conducting salt in lithium ion batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The lithium bisoxalatoborate has good electrochemical stability and good solubility in the aprotic solvent.    (EP1091963-A1)   NOVELTY - Lithium bisoxalatoborate is produced by reacting lithium boron hydride with oxalic acid in an aprotic solvent.    USE - As conducting salt in lithium ion batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The lithium bisoxalatoborate has good electrochemical stability and good solubility in the aprotic solvent.
(US6074773-A)   NOVELTY - A method of enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell has the steps of incorporating porous electrocatalyst particles in the cell at an interface between an electrode and an electrolyte where the less than 1 micron sized micro pores in the particles are impregnated with anion conducting impregnant    USE - Enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell by improving the mass transport properties within the micropores providing enhanced access to interior electrocatalyst surfaces for a reactant or a product of an electrochemical reaction induced by the electrocatalyst    (EP1068649-A1)   NOVELTY - A method of enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell has the steps of incorporating porous electrocatalyst particles in the cell at an interface between an electrode and an electrolyte where the less than 1 micron sized micro pores in the particles are impregnated with anion conducting impregnant    USE - Enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell by improving the mass transport properties within the micropores providing enhanced access to interior electrocatalyst surfaces for a reactant or a product of an electrochemical reaction induced by the electrocatalyst
(CN1251216-A)   NOVELTY - A battery comprises positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte solution-containing electrolyte, bonded to each other with an adhesive resin layer at least one of which contains filler.    USE - The battery can be used in mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Such battery is miniaturizable, with lightweight and thinness, improved battery performance e.g. high current density, large discharge capacitance and cycle characteristics, and adhesive strength. There is need for using solid can to provide support,    (JP11517641-X)   NOVELTY - A battery comprises positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte solution-containing electrolyte, bonded to each other with an adhesive resin layer at least one of which contains filler.    USE - The battery can be used in mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Such battery is miniaturizable, with lightweight and thinness, improved battery performance e.g. high current density, large discharge capacitance and cycle characteristics, and adhesive strength. There is need for using solid can to provide support,    (KR2001005609-A)   NOVELTY - A battery comprises positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte solution-containing electrolyte, bonded to each other with an adhesive resin layer at least one of which contains filler.    USE - The battery can be used in mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Such battery is miniaturizable, with lightweight and thinness, improved battery performance e.g. high current density, large discharge capacitance and cycle characteristics, and adhesive strength. There is need for using solid can to provide support,
(JP2000001124-A)   NOVELTY - A vehicle sun-roof solar panel has an adhesive joint between a plastic-framed transparent cover pane (1) and an interior panel edge sheet (3).    USE - As a vehicle sun-roof solar panel.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive bonded joint avoids contact between the interior edge sheet and the solar cell assembly and facilitates manufacture of the panel.    (US6283542-B1)   NOVELTY - A vehicle sun-roof solar panel has an adhesive joint between a plastic-framed transparent cover pane (1) and an interior panel edge sheet (3).    USE - As a vehicle sun-roof solar panel.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive bonded joint avoids contact between the interior edge sheet and the solar cell assembly and facilitates manufacture of the panel.
(EP971430-A1)   NOVELTY - Battery contains a filler in the electrodes, separators and/or adhesive resin layers.    USE - The batteries are used as the secondary batteries for mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is thin and lightweight, with improved battery performance and adhesive strength. There is no need for using an armor can.    (CN1251214-A)   NOVELTY - Battery contains a filler in the electrodes, separators and/or adhesive resin layers.    USE - The batteries are used as the secondary batteries for mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is thin and lightweight, with improved battery performance and adhesive strength. There is no need for using an armor can.    (JP11517640-X)   NOVELTY - Battery contains a filler in the electrodes, separators and/or adhesive resin layers.    USE - The batteries are used as the secondary batteries for mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is thin and lightweight, with improved battery performance and adhesive strength. There is no need for using an armor can.
(EP1055263-A1)   NOVELTY - An electric cell in a sealed housing with a pressure relief valve (98) contains a gas-permeable but flame arresting catalyst container (40) which contains a catalyst (30) for converting hydrogen and oxygen generated in the cell to water.    USE - For standby valve-regulated lead-acid batteries (claimed) and other battery types.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of oxygen reaching the negative electrode, the loss of water and the float current needed for each cell are reduced and service life is prolonged.
(EP971433-A1)   NOVELTY - A flat-type lithium secondary battery comprises some positive and negative electrodes made by applying their electrode mixtures to the corresponding current collectors, in which the required electrode mixture contains specific electrode-active material and solid or gel electrolyte in layer form with full integration. The positive electrode and negative electrode are opposed with electrolyte layers interleaved.    USE - The secondary battery can be used in mobile phones, lap-top PCs and other portable electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The batteries have high and stable performance, lightweight and miniaturizability.    (JP11538176-X)   NOVELTY - A flat-type lithium secondary battery comprises some positive and negative electrodes made by applying their electrode mixtures to the corresponding current collectors, in which the required electrode mixture contains specific electrode-active material and solid or gel electrolyte in layer form with full integration. The positive electrode and negative electrode are opposed with electrolyte layers interleaved.    USE - The secondary battery can be used in mobile phones, lap-top PCs and other portable electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The batteries have high and stable performance, lightweight and miniaturizability.
(DE19901722-A1)      A fluorine-based macromolecule is reinforced by a fibre to which surface treatment using a silane coupling agent is applied. A hydrocarbon-based macromolecule is graft-polymerised with the fluorine-based macromolecule. A sulphonic acid group is introduced into the resulting graft copolymer to obtain a macromolecular electrolytic film for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The needle fibre used for reinforcement is anchored and stuck to the film. The needle fibre has no elimination, evolving no decrease in mechanical strength. The fluorine-based macromolecule has thermoplasticity. The result produces the film having any film thickness.    (US6224994-B1)      A fluorine-based macromolecule is reinforced by a fibre to which surface treatment using a silane coupling agent is applied. A hydrocarbon-based macromolecule is graft-polymerised with the fluorine-based macromolecule. A sulphonic acid group is introduced into the resulting graft copolymer to obtain a macromolecular electrolytic film for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The needle fibre used for reinforcement is anchored and stuck to the film. The needle fibre has no elimination, evolving no decrease in mechanical strength. The fluorine-based macromolecule has thermoplasticity. The result produces the film having any film thickness.
(EP1049108-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte is prepared by impregnating a non-aqueous electrolyte with a vinylidene-based copolymer comprising 35-99 mol.% repeating units derived from vinylidene fluoride, 1-50 mol.% repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, and 0-10 mol.% a monomer copolymerizable with them, which has a melting point of not less than 80degreesC and crystallinity of 20-80degreesC.    USE - The polymer electrolyte can be used to produce lithium-based secondary cells (claimed) for application to audio tape recorders, camcorders, PCs, mobile phones and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte has superior film strength, heat resistance and retention of non-aqueous electrolyte.
(CN1228614-A)   NOVELTY - An encapsulant resin member for a semiconductor having an additive dissolved therein such that additive concentration has a gradient across the thickness of the encapsulant resin member.    USE - The encapsulant is particularly useful for encapsulating a photovoltaic element in production of solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The concentration gradient of the additive allows the use of a lower amount of additive to produce the required effect than when the additive is uniformly distributed. It can also eliminate the negative effects of excess additive which may be evaporated or decomposed during lamination and form bubbles on the module surface. Antagonistic reaction between additives can also be prevented and synergistic effects promoted.    (JP11317475-A)   NOVELTY - An encapsulant resin member for a semiconductor having an additive dissolved therein such that additive concentration has a gradient across the thickness of the encapsulant resin member.    USE - The encapsulant is particularly useful for encapsulating a photovoltaic element in production of solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The concentration gradient of the additive allows the use of a lower amount of additive to produce the required effect than when the additive is uniformly distributed. It can also eliminate the negative effects of excess additive which may be evaporated or decomposed during lamination and form bubbles on the module surface. Antagonistic reaction between additives can also be prevented and synergistic effects promoted.
(US6048637-A)      A new rechargeable battery with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. A hydrazine derivative of R11R12N-NR13R14 (I) is contained in the battery; R11, R12, R13 = alkyl, aryl, heterocyclic, acyl, oxycarbonyl, or sulfonyl group; R14 = acyl, oxycarbonyl, or sulfonyl group.    USE -   As a power source for video cameras, compact cameras, notebook computers or word processors, cellular phones, electric tools, or cars.    ADVANTAGE -   The new battery has improved charge-discharge cycle file and higher safety.
(EP1064688-A1)   NOVELTY - The short and long edges of positive and negative plates (11,12) are interconnected by strips (24,25) made of a material whose conductivity is greater than that of the plates. The strips are made of copper, or a copper alloy such as brass, or aluminum or an aluminum alloy, covered in a lead sheath which may be covered in an acid resistant material such as epoxy resin.    USE - Particularly but not exclusively lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - The current carrying capacity of battery is increased. The lead sheath prevents acid corrosion.
(EP1043732-A1)   NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte comprises a vinylidene fluoride copolymer including 80-97 wt.% vinylidene fluoride, which has an intrinsic viscosity = 1.5-10 dl/g, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.    USE - Used in non-aqueous batteries (claimed), particularly lithium ion batteries for application in mobile phones, portable PCs and camcorders.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte can stably hold the non-aqueous electrolytic solution in a large amount and has good strength, stability, with miniaturisability and shapeability. It is also light weight.
(GB2346256-A)   NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell containing an electrochemically reactive conductive salt and an ionically charged additive is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor with improved conductivity and active material utilisation.    USE - The electrochemical cell (I) is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The cell (I) has improved conductivity and active material utilisation at high discharge rates.    (EP1055262-A1)   NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell containing an electrochemically reactive conductive salt and an ionically charged additive is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor with improved conductivity and active material utilisation.    USE - The electrochemical cell (I) is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The cell (I) has improved conductivity and active material utilisation at high discharge rates.    (GB2346256-B)   NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell containing an electrochemically reactive conductive salt and an ionically charged additive is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor with improved conductivity and active material utilisation.    USE - The electrochemical cell (I) is useful as a primary battery, rechargeable battery or capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The cell (I) has improved conductivity and active material utilisation at high discharge rates.
(US6235433-B1)      A polymer gel electrolyte comprising a matrix polymer and an electrolyte solution included therein, wherein the electrolyte solution comprises an ionic compound dissolved in a non-aqueous type organic solvent, and the matrix polymer comprises a vinylidene fluoride polymer wherein compound (1) and compound (2) are dispersed and polymerized to form a polymer network; compound (1): a compound having two or more polymerizing functional groups in one molecule, and compound (2): a compound having a polymerizing functional group and an oxyalkylene group.    USE -   The polymer gel electrolyte is useful for a secondary battery, particularly a lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGES -   The polymer gel electrolyte shows excellent mechanical characteristics and the polymer gel electrolyte can retain the electrolyte solution well at an elevated temperature.
(EP952616-A2)   NOVELTY - Insulation (20) is fastened to building load bearers (10). The outer surface of the structure is ridged (22). A system of photovoltaic cells (30) is attached to the outer surface by holders (40).    USE - To clad a building, at the same time to install a photovoltaic solar energy collection system.    ADVANTAGE - It is costly and time-consuming to add photovoltaic solar converters to a roof, after construction. The new system is more economical and uses external ridges of the roofing material as convenient points of attachment.
(CN1225514-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.    (JP11289103-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.
(EP967678-A1)   NOVELTY - A lithium ion secondary battery is a laminate of a plurality of layers of positive and negative electrodes bound to an electrolyte retaining separator together with adhesive layers containing a mixed phase of an electrolyte phase, electrolyte-containing polymer gel phase and polymer solid phase.    USE - The batteries can be used in portable gadgets such as portable PCs and mobile phones.    ADVANTAGE - Such batteries are compact, thin and stable, and have high charge and discharge efficiency, being lightweight, miniaturizable and shapeable.    (CN1245592-A)   NOVELTY - A lithium ion secondary battery is a laminate of a plurality of layers of positive and negative electrodes bound to an electrolyte retaining separator together with adhesive layers containing a mixed phase of an electrolyte phase, electrolyte-containing polymer gel phase and polymer solid phase.    USE - The batteries can be used in portable gadgets such as portable PCs and mobile phones.    ADVANTAGE - Such batteries are compact, thin and stable, and have high charge and discharge efficiency, being lightweight, miniaturizable and shapeable.    (JP11516560-X)   NOVELTY - A lithium ion secondary battery is a laminate of a plurality of layers of positive and negative electrodes bound to an electrolyte retaining separator together with adhesive layers containing a mixed phase of an electrolyte phase, electrolyte-containing polymer gel phase and polymer solid phase.    USE - The batteries can be used in portable gadgets such as portable PCs and mobile phones.    ADVANTAGE - Such batteries are compact, thin and stable, and have high charge and discharge efficiency, being lightweight, miniaturizable and shapeable.
(EP1038331-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery controller has temperature sensors and printed circuit resistive heating elements (26) on plastic sheets. A heating controller maintains each flat prismatic cell (22) at a predetermined temperature set in response to the power supplied to or from the battery, using a power mode controller (30) setting floating, charging and power supply temperatures. A voltage sensor detects damaged cells to be disconnected and a current sensor detects overcorrect.    USE - Metal and solid electrolyte battery power controller for uninterrupted power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains the battery at the appropriate temperature, monitors individual cells and detects failure conditions. Additionally the battery performance may be telecommunicated to a remote location.
(US5985113-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    (JP2000070706-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    (US6194335-B1)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.
(EP1055257-A1)   NOVELTY - The material (30) comprises a layer of solar cells (32), a flexible substrate (34), a flexible electrically nonconductive adhesive (40) which connects the substrate (34) to the airship substrate (38). The shape and size of substrate (34) matches the airship gore. Electrically conductive conduits (46), preferably two, are disposed between the substrate (38) and flexible solar cell layer.    USE - For high altitude stratospheric vehicles, airships and platforms flexible energy producing covering, for operation at the threshold of space and in space.    ADVANTAGE - The operation life is increased and resistance to solar degradation is improved. The trapping of air bubbles between layers during bonding process is eliminated. Lightweight, durable, energy producing flexible covering is suitable for airship technology.    (US6224016-B1)   NOVELTY - The material (30) comprises a layer of solar cells (32), a flexible substrate (34), a flexible electrically nonconductive adhesive (40) which connects the substrate (34) to the airship substrate (38). The shape and size of substrate (34) matches the airship gore. Electrically conductive conduits (46), preferably two, are disposed between the substrate (38) and flexible solar cell layer.    USE - For high altitude stratospheric vehicles, airships and platforms flexible energy producing covering, for operation at the threshold of space and in space.    ADVANTAGE - The operation life is increased and resistance to solar degradation is improved. The trapping of air bubbles between layers during bonding process is eliminated. Lightweight, durable, energy producing flexible covering is suitable for airship technology.
(JP11171853-A)   NOVELTY - Aprotic polar compositions with solvent properties have a strongly polar amide group, and they are preferably combined with a salt soluble therein which has an anion with a delocalised charge, and a polymer to form an electrolytic composition.    USE - Used as electrolyte in lithium battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Compositions have increased degree of stability and high conductivity.    (US2001012591-A1)   NOVELTY - Aprotic polar compositions with solvent properties have a strongly polar amide group, and they are preferably combined with a salt soluble therein which has an anion with a delocalised charge, and a polymer to form an electrolytic composition.    USE - Used as electrolyte in lithium battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Compositions have increased degree of stability and high conductivity.
(EP967679-A1)   NOVELTY - A thin lithium secondary cells comprises organic polymer - containing electrolyte in positive and negative electrode or / and separator, with sufficient level of ion conductivity, superior charging and discharging characteristics and cycle lifetime.    USE - The secondary cells can be used in mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Such secondary cells can maintain a sufficient level of ion conductivity for operation, and superior initial capacity, high-lead charging and discharging characteristics, and cycle lifetime.    (JP11530563-X)   NOVELTY - A thin lithium secondary cells comprises organic polymer - containing electrolyte in positive and negative electrode or / and separator, with sufficient level of ion conductivity, superior charging and discharging characteristics and cycle lifetime.    USE - The secondary cells can be used in mobile phones, portable PCs and other electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - Such secondary cells can maintain a sufficient level of ion conductivity for operation, and superior initial capacity, high-lead charging and discharging characteristics, and cycle lifetime.
(US6030718-A)   NOVELTY - A proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system comprises many discrete self-humidifying proton exchange membrane (150) fuel cell modules (100), each having a cathode air flow which removes the bulk of the heat energy produced.    USE - As a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The system is modularized, simple, efficient and easy to maintain in that inoperable modules can readily be removed. The modules are self-humidifying and heat removal and capture are effective.    (US6218035-B1)   NOVELTY - A proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system comprises many discrete self-humidifying proton exchange membrane (150) fuel cell modules (100), each having a cathode air flow which removes the bulk of the heat energy produced.    USE - As a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The system is modularized, simple, efficient and easy to maintain in that inoperable modules can readily be removed. The modules are self-humidifying and heat removal and capture are effective.
(JP3036492-B2)       A high molecular gel electrolyte contains: (a) 1-40 wt.% polymer having a molecular wt. of 500 or more and a unit of formula -(R1 )C(X)-(R2 )C(R3 )- (I) as a principal repeating unit; (b) 20-70 wt.% polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer; (c) 1-50 wt.% ionic cpd.; and (d) 20-85 wt.% organic solvent allowing ion dissociation to the ionic cpd. R1 = H, F or alkyl; R2 and R3= H or alkyl; and X = an organic gp. having a molecular wt. of 2,000 or less and at least two carbonyl gps.    Also claimed is the prodn. comprising: (A) cooling and depositing a melted mixt. consisting of (a) polymer and (b) polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer; (B) forming a thin film; and (C) contg. a soln. formed by dissolving the (c) ionic cpd. with the (d) organic solvent in the thin film.    Also claimed is that a polymer battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a high molecular electrolyte located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The high molecular electrolyte consists of the high molecular gel electrolyte.    USE -   The process produces the high molecular gel electrolyte used in the battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The polymer has good compatibility with the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer. The result easily yields the uniform melted mixt. or the uniform mixed soln. The resulting high molecular gel electrolyte has good ion conductivity and mechanical strength. The polymer battery has improved charge-discharge characteristics.
(US6252156-B1)      NOVELTY - A support is formed by baking a metallic oxide sol formed by liquefaction of metallic oxide gel resulted from mixing of metallic oxide powder in solvent. Several fine holes having some peak values are formed on this support resulting in a metallic oxide porous object.    USE -   In photoelectric cells, photoconductive element, display element, various sensors, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The formation of several fine holes on support of electrode offers efficient transduction of solar light and a photoelectric cell of high efficiency is realized. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model sectional diagram of photoelectric cell.
(JP11193613-A)   NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.    (CN1225513-A)   NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.    (US6072115-A)   NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.
(JP11185803-A)   NOVELTY - In a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprising an electrolytic salt dissolved in a non aqueous solvent, a polymer is added to the solution.    USE - The battery is used in small portable devices such as camcorders, portable telephones, and laptop computers.    ADVANTAGE - The obtained battery has improved charge and discharge cycling characteristics without the load or capacity characteristics being damaged. Also, a temperature rise due to an external short circuit may also be suppressed.
(WO9960633-A2)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has gas feed lines, one or both of which contains a wetting and/or cooling liquid distributor connected to a sonic wave generator.    USE - In electric traction (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The liquid distributor provides uniform dosed moistening and/or cooling with high liquid (preferably water, optionally with additives such as wetting agents) usage efficiency, produces minimal increase in the fuel cell stack weight and size and is inexpensive to fit in the stack.    (EP1086503-A2)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has gas feed lines, one or both of which contains a wetting and/or cooling liquid distributor connected to a sonic wave generator.    USE - In electric traction (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The liquid distributor provides uniform dosed moistening and/or cooling with high liquid (preferably water, optionally with additives such as wetting agents) usage efficiency, produces minimal increase in the fuel cell stack weight and size and is inexpensive to fit in the stack.
(EP1039968-A1)   NOVELTY - Platinum nanoparticles embedded in a protective colloid containing polymeric betaine.    USE - The soluble nanoparticles are used in the production of catalysts for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of polymeric betaines as protective colloid allows the production of stable solutions with very small particle size having very high dispersity which gives economies in the consumption of expensive metals, and allows the protective colloid to be completely or partially removed by hydrolytic decomposition e.g. after immobilization on a carbon support.
(US6093757-A)   NOVELTY - A composition for encapsulating a photovoltaic device and which is free of an ultraviolet light absorber component, comprises: (a) a polymer; (b) a curing agent; and (c) an optional ultraviolet light stabilizer; and/or (d) an optional antioxidant.    USE - In solar energy conversion systems for protecting the semiconducting materials from environmental damage while providing structural support, optical coupling, electrical isolation and thermal conduction for the arrays of solar cells and current-collecting metallic elements within the photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulating material contains stabilizing additives selected to improve weathering stability and has enhanced photothermal and photochemical stability, and reduced discoloration which would interfere with full spectrum solar admission to the encapsulated device and energy-collection efficiency. It has a prolonged shelf life, resistance to hydrolysis, a fast cure rate without bubbling problems and with sufficient crosslinking under mild curing conditions, and produces reduced levels of curing-generated chromophores and curing peroxide residue.
(JP11176452-A)   NOVELTY - A solid battery comprises a solid electrolyte obtained by dissolving a tetrafunctional high molecular weight compound and an electrolyte salt and crosslinking the solution by actinic radiation, e.g. light or electrons, and/or heating. It is comparable in performance with conventional batteries with a liquid electrolyte.    USE - The battery is useful as a backup electrical supply resource for electronic instruments, watches, cameras, pacemakers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is mechanically strong, has electrical conductivity and capacity equal to that of conventional batteries with a liquid electrolyte, has high energy density, avoids liquid leakage and gas spouting, is very reliable, and is light in wt. electrolyte, has high energy density, avoids liquid leakage and gas spouting, is very reliable, and is light in wt.    (US6190804-B1)   NOVELTY - A solid battery comprises a solid electrolyte obtained by dissolving a tetrafunctional high molecular weight compound and an electrolyte salt and crosslinking the solution by actinic radiation, e.g. light or electrons, and/or heating. It is comparable in performance with conventional batteries with a liquid electrolyte.    USE - The battery is useful as a backup electrical supply resource for electronic instruments, watches, cameras, pacemakers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is mechanically strong, has electrical conductivity and capacity equal to that of conventional batteries with a liquid electrolyte, has high energy density, avoids liquid leakage and gas spouting, is very reliable, and is light in wt. electrolyte, has high energy density, avoids liquid leakage and gas spouting, is very reliable, and is light in wt.
(US5986203-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.    (EP1029367-A1)   NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.
(JP3045120-B2)      A polymer electrolyte, comprising a polymer compound comprising a copolymer made of an alkylene oxide derivative of formula (1) having a substituent comprising a liquid crystalline compound and an alkylene oxide derivative of formula (2) which is different from the alkylene oxide derivative of formula (1), and an ionic compound which can be dissolved in a non aqueous organic solvent;    -CH2-CHA- (1) -CH2CHR-    A = substituent comprising a compound showing liq crystallinity, or a compound analogous thereto; R: alkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkoxy, aryl, alkylene oxide or H.    USE -   The polymer electrolyte is useful for an electrochemical devices such as a battery, particularly for a secondary battery.    ADVANTAGES -   Since a liq crystalline compound is introduced as a side chain to the polyalkylene oxide main chain, even without carrying out crosslinking by electron beam etc, sufficient mechanical strength is provided by the stiffness or cohesiveness of the liq crystalline compound. Besides, due to the liq crystallinity imparted to the side chain, the molecular motion of the polyalkylene oxide main chain is not hindered at a low temperature, therefore, good ion conductivity can be maintained in a wide temperature range. The secondary battery obtained from the polymer electrolyte of the present invention can be made into a thin (such as 400 micron) and small size.
(JP3080227-B2)      NOVELTY - A mixture of an active material, conductive material a binder and a plasticizer forms a slurry which is coated as a laminate on copper cathode and aluminum anode. The laminated composite anode and cathode are activated by dipping in a polymer electrolyte.    USE -   In lithium polymeric ion secondary battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   As leak proof property of electrolyte is increased, stabilization of battery operation is achieved.    (US6268087-B1)      NOVELTY - A mixture of an active material, conductive material a binder and a plasticizer forms a slurry which is coated as a laminate on copper cathode and aluminum anode. The laminated composite anode and cathode are activated by dipping in a polymer electrolyte.    USE -   In lithium polymeric ion secondary battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   As leak proof property of electrolyte is increased, stabilization of battery operation is achieved.
(JP3171238-B2)      NOVELTY - The polymer composite electrolyte film (1) includes a polymeric photoresist hardened by an ion conductive material. The polymer concentration in the photoresist is varied continuously and periodically in such a way that one part of the film has high polymer concentration and the other part has low polymer concentration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of composite electrolyte film which involves irradiating a mixture containing photoresist and ion conductive material by an interference light.    USE -   As electrolyte film for the manufacture of secondary battery (claimed). Used in note type personal computer and portable telephone. The electrolyte film forms the electrolyte layer between positive and negative electrode active material layers.    ADVANTAGE -   Polymer composite electrolyte film which has improved ionic conductivity and strength is obtained. A simple method for manufacturing high output secondary batteries is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the structure of polymer composite electrolyte film. (1) Polymer composite electrolyte film (bipolar membrane); (2) Polymer high concentration part; (3) Polymer low concentration part.
(JP11154522-A)   NOVELTY - A method of making a fuel cell by fixing a polymer electrolyte film to a frame comprises causing the film to have a molar fraction of water of not more than four and bonding the film to the frame with an adhesive.    USE - In forming polymer electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive strength of the polymer electrolyte is enhanced thus increasing the reliability of gas sealing, even under conditions of large humidity change.
(JP11144740-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has gas diffusion layers (3) comprising electroconductive porous material and a fluororesin copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene so that water is retained and the cell can operate on unhumidified gas.    USE - As a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using pure hydrogen or hydrogen from fossil fuels    ADVANTAGE - Water is retained inside the assembly without hindering gas diffusion so that the PEFC can be operated using unhumidified gas    (US6194094-B1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has gas diffusion layers (3) comprising electroconductive porous material and a fluororesin copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene so that water is retained and the cell can operate on unhumidified gas.    USE - As a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using pure hydrogen or hydrogen from fossil fuels    ADVANTAGE - Water is retained inside the assembly without hindering gas diffusion so that the PEFC can be operated using unhumidified gas
(TW391073-A)   NOVELTY - A mixture of lithium ion conductive solid and polymeric composition is used to increase cycle life of lithium ion batteries.    USE - The Li-ion conducting solid material (A) is useful in a solid electrolyte, separator or electrode to increase the cycle stability of electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - (A) has improved mechanical, thermal and electrical properties and lithium ion batteries containing (A) have improved cycle life.
(WO9920677-A1)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte comprises in one part a matrix formed at least partly of from crosslinked copolymer containing ethylene oxide units some of which are substituted by radical aiding crosslinking; and in the other part an ionizable alkaline salt complexed in the matrix.    USE - As electrolyte in electrochemical assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of electrolyte by chemical, mechanical or thermal methods is slowed down considerably, increasing the life of said electrochemical assembly.    (EP944665-A1)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte comprises in one part a matrix formed at least partly of from crosslinked copolymer containing ethylene oxide units some of which are substituted by radical aiding crosslinking; and in the other part an ionizable alkaline salt complexed in the matrix.    USE - As electrolyte in electrochemical assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of electrolyte by chemical, mechanical or thermal methods is slowed down considerably, increasing the life of said electrochemical assembly.    (JP2001508234-W)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte comprises in one part a matrix formed at least partly of from crosslinked copolymer containing ethylene oxide units some of which are substituted by radical aiding crosslinking; and in the other part an ionizable alkaline salt complexed in the matrix.    USE - As electrolyte in electrochemical assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Degradation of electrolyte by chemical, mechanical or thermal methods is slowed down considerably, increasing the life of said electrochemical assembly.
(JP11150286-A)   NOVELTY - Moldless semiconductor device comprises a chip held between outer terminals, at least one terminal having regions of different hardnesses to absorb bending etc.    USE - In photovoltaic devices used in a module for a solar cell module or a construction material. In a preferred use, the device is a bypass diode used in a photovoltaic solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - A moldless device is provided having sufficient strength and flexibility to resist torsional, bending or impact forces and prevent device breakage, even when incorporated into a solar cell module. The partial covering with elastic material also provides high stress absorption, heat resistance and oxidation protection.    (CN1222761-A)   NOVELTY - Moldless semiconductor device comprises a chip held between outer terminals, at least one terminal having regions of different hardnesses to absorb bending etc.    USE - In photovoltaic devices used in a module for a solar cell module or a construction material. In a preferred use, the device is a bypass diode used in a photovoltaic solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - A moldless device is provided having sufficient strength and flexibility to resist torsional, bending or impact forces and prevent device breakage, even when incorporated into a solar cell module. The partial covering with elastic material also provides high stress absorption, heat resistance and oxidation protection.
(WO9925028-A1)   NOVELTY - A photo device comprises a layer of nano-particles and a conductive solid polymer.    USE - Especially in a photovoltaic cell. The layer can also be used in an LED, photo sensor, optical switch or optical network.    ADVANTAGE - The layer is easy to manufacture in a single heat treatment step and combines the stability and electron transporting properties of the nano-particles with the hole-transporting, light absorbing properties of the polymer.    (EP1029366-A1)   NOVELTY - A photo device comprises a layer of nano-particles and a conductive solid polymer.    USE - Especially in a photovoltaic cell. The layer can also be used in an LED, photo sensor, optical switch or optical network.    ADVANTAGE - The layer is easy to manufacture in a single heat treatment step and combines the stability and electron transporting properties of the nano-particles with the hole-transporting, light absorbing properties of the polymer.
(US5916704-A)   NOVELTY - One or more cells (10) in a flexible container (1) have a vent with external sealing membrane relieving gas pressure otherwise causing distortion. The membrane (21) is partially adhered to the container covering central and venting apertures (21a and 2 respectively), allowing a venting path to atmosphere. The membrane is releasably sealed (22) to the container at a point of partial separation. The seal only opens under sufficient excess internal pressure. After venting, the seal is reformed.    USE - To vent a lithium ion polymer battery in a flexible foil package, subject to slight internal gassing from cell impurities.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike prior art, this is a very compact and reliable low pressure vent. Ambient air and moisture cannot enter, maintaining battery integrity. Manufacture is economic. Rupture under high temperature use is prevented. A comparable commercially available structure is used in coffee packaging, and is sensitive to only 0.04 psig (2.6 mbar), resealing reliably.
(EP1029382-A1)   NOVELTY - Composite has at least one layer filled with solid, e.g. a separator layer, and at least one second layer which can be a cathode or anode layer. The bonding layer can also assume the function of separator.    USE - Used in sensors, electrochromic windows, displays, capacitors, ion conducting film, and electrochemical cells, especially automobile, instrument, planar or polymer (all claimed) batteries, or rechargeable, e.g. lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The composite is able to withstand the mechanical stresses in production of batteries.
(US6025457-A)      NOVELTY - An imidazolium salt derivative is impregnated on a polyanion resin which conveyed a negative charge towards a polymer acid, porous polymer solid or a polymer thin film.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   An homogenic polyelectrolyte which has improved ionic conductivity at room temperature, is obtained.
(JP3131644-B2)      A new polymer consists of a specific repeating unit of formula (I), where R = alkyl or alkoxy group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (a) a cpd. which is obtained by doping the new polymer with cations;    (b) a new organic display material which consists of the new polymer and changes colour by reversible doping of ions;    (c) a new charging-discharging material which consists of the new polymer and changes its electrochemical state by reversible doping of ions;    (d) a new battery which comprises a negative electrode material of the new polymer which is coated on a negative current collector; and    (e) a new electrochromic display which comprises an electrochromic layer of the new polymer.    The weight average molecular weight is 3,000-100,000. R has 1-30 (4-18) carbon atoms.    The polymer used in the electrochromic display is poly(2,5-dihexyl- 1,4-phenylene-2,5-pyridine-diyl) (poly-dhpp). (dhpp = diphenyl phosphino-propane).    Preferred compound: The cation is alkali metal ion or quaternary ammonium ion.    USE -   For batteries or electrochromic displays.    ADVANTAGE -   The new conductive polymer is soluble in organic solvent. Cation can be doped reversibly into the polymer.
(JP11129396-A)   NOVELTY - Silicone resin-metal composite consists of a thin metal plate (11) with an uneven surface having a silicone resin layer (2) injection molded on at least one side of it. The silicone resin layer is 0.05 - 1.0 mm thick and has a hardness of 20 - 70 JIS K6301 spring type hardness test A.    USE - Composite is claimed as a separator of a fuel cell, specifically of the solid polymer type. It may also be used as a cushioning material, a packing material, or as a spacer or O ring for electrical or electronic parts.    ADVANTAGE - It can be produced precisely and effectively in three dimensions with the two materials joined uniformly because the silicon resin layer is injection molded.    (US6153326-A)   NOVELTY - Silicone resin-metal composite consists of a thin metal plate (11) with an uneven surface having a silicone resin layer (2) injection molded on at least one side of it. The silicone resin layer is 0.05 - 1.0 mm thick and has a hardness of 20 - 70 JIS K6301 spring type hardness test A.    USE - Composite is claimed as a separator of a fuel cell, specifically of the solid polymer type. It may also be used as a cushioning material, a packing material, or as a spacer or O ring for electrical or electronic parts.    ADVANTAGE - It can be produced precisely and effectively in three dimensions with the two materials joined uniformly because the silicon resin layer is injection molded.
(US5995271-A)   NOVELTY - Electrochromic cells are coated with polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoazole, poly(phenylene ether), polyquinoline, polycarbonate or polysulphone.    USE - Used for intentionally darkening windows, mirrors, eye glasses, filters and electro-optical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The coating protects the device (1) from environmental and mechanical damage (claimed). The electrochromic device (1) coated with (B) has improved long term durability.    (US6204953-B1)   NOVELTY - Electrochromic cells are coated with polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoazole, poly(phenylene ether), polyquinoline, polycarbonate or polysulphone.    USE - Used for intentionally darkening windows, mirrors, eye glasses, filters and electro-optical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The coating protects the device (1) from environmental and mechanical damage (claimed). The electrochromic device (1) coated with (B) has improved long term durability.    (US6261641-B1)   NOVELTY - Electrochromic cells are coated with polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoazole, poly(phenylene ether), polyquinoline, polycarbonate or polysulphone.    USE - Used for intentionally darkening windows, mirrors, eye glasses, filters and electro-optical devices.    ADVANTAGE - The coating protects the device (1) from environmental and mechanical damage (claimed). The electrochromic device (1) coated with (B) has improved long term durability.
(DE29823657-U1)   NOVELTY - The unit to collect solar energy has a functional carrier. The carrier has a combined system with an element which can be heated, and the element to recover the energy is embedded on the first unit in an elastic intermediate layer.    USE - The system is a solar cell, to collect solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - In addition to recovery of solar energy, the solar cell unit can give a selective absorption of light in given wavelengths such as infra red, selective passage of light in given wavelengths, give shade, include warning colors, provide thermal insulation, heat the solar cells and especially the photoelectric elements, and conduct light.
(WO9921239-A1)   NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.    (EP1025600-A1)   NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.
(EP1025594-A1)   NOVELTY - Low cost polymers, such as ethylene vinyl acetate and ionomers, are used as back skin (14) and/or encapsulant (18) layers in solar cell modules. E-beam radiation crosslinks the polymer without eliminating thermoplasticity so that thermal creep resistance is good.    USE - Used as solar cell modules, especially in architectural applications.    ADVANTAGE - Thermal creep resistance is substantially increased and the polymers are inexpensive.
(JP11126615-A)   NOVELTY - The electrode comprises catalyst particles each comprising a catalyst carried at least on a surface thereof, the surface of each particle being coated with a first electrolyte. The catalyst particles are connected with one another via electrolyte clusters formed by aggregation of a second electrolyte.    USE - The manufacture of an electrode for a fuel cell that receives supplies of gaseous fuel and oxidizing gas and generates an electromotive force.    ADVANTAGE - A thick electrolyte layer is unnecessary for ensuring the sufficient transmission of ions, while allowing a sufficient amount of gas to be fed to the catalyst.    (US6015635-A)   NOVELTY - The electrode comprises catalyst particles each comprising a catalyst carried at least on a surface thereof, the surface of each particle being coated with a first electrolyte. The catalyst particles are connected with one another via electrolyte clusters formed by aggregation of a second electrolyte.    USE - The manufacture of an electrode for a fuel cell that receives supplies of gaseous fuel and oxidizing gas and generates an electromotive force.    ADVANTAGE - A thick electrolyte layer is unnecessary for ensuring the sufficient transmission of ions, while allowing a sufficient amount of gas to be fed to the catalyst.
(JP3109460-B2)      An ionic conductive polymer electrolyte (X) comprises: (A) 1-40 wt. % of a polymer having a carbonyl group in the main chain of repeating unit; (B) 20-70 wt. % of a polymer of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) series; (C) 1-50 wt. % of an ion-dissociated metal salt of the group I or II metal; and (D) 20-85 wt. % of an organic solvent which can dissociate the metal salt.    Also claimed are: (1) a process for preparing (X), which comprises a sheeting step where (A) and (B) are melted and sheeted to give a membrane and a dipping step where the membrane is dipped in (D) dissolving (C); and (2) a polymer battery prepared from (X).    USE -   (X) is used for polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   (X) has high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.
(JP11111341-A)   NOVELTY - The efficiency of a gel electrolyte secondary cell containing a gel electrolyte is improved by using a negative electrode containing a graphitised carbonaceous material (C) obtained by firing meso-carbon microbeads    USE - As a secondary cell in e.g. portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The cell provides a large discharge capacity and a high charging/discharging efficiency without decomposition of the electrolyte solvent or risk of combustion.    (US2001016286-A1)   NOVELTY - The efficiency of a gel electrolyte secondary cell containing a gel electrolyte is improved by using a negative electrode containing a graphitised carbonaceous material (C) obtained by firing meso-carbon microbeads    USE - As a secondary cell in e.g. portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The cell provides a large discharge capacity and a high charging/discharging efficiency without decomposition of the electrolyte solvent or risk of combustion.
(JP11067274-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries is made of a copolymer with (a) a segmented polymer chain having the function of maintaining the membrane strength and (b) a segmented polymer chain having the function of holding a non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE - The polymer gel electrolyte is for lithium secondary batteries (claimed) which can be used in audio tape recorders, camcorders, PCs, mobile phones and other small electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is safe and reliable, and has high ionic conductivity, film strength, processability, and stability to chemicals and heat.    (EP1011165-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries is made of a copolymer with (a) a segmented polymer chain having the function of maintaining the membrane strength and (b) a segmented polymer chain having the function of holding a non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE - The polymer gel electrolyte is for lithium secondary batteries (claimed) which can be used in audio tape recorders, camcorders, PCs, mobile phones and other small electronic gadgets.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is safe and reliable, and has high ionic conductivity, film strength, processability, and stability to chemicals and heat.
(NL1006827-C2)   NOVELTY - Solar cells are produced in a continuous process by deposition of a copper-indium-sulfide layer onto a continuous flexible substrate strip by vacuum laser ablation of one or more targets.    USE - In continuous manufacture of thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - An efficient, continuous and reproducible process is provided in which a wide range of flexible substrates may be used and in which impurities in the starting material do not affect the composition of the deposited layer of copper-indium-sulfur material.
(CN1211828-A)   NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.    (JP11135820-A)   NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.    (US6133522-A)   NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.
(JP11135133-A)   NOVELTY - Water is added to the reaction gas stream in the gas stream path of the cell so that the cell can be stably operated with simple control of the stream rate.    USE - Non-given    ADVANTAGE - Water can be added to the fuel cell without impairing the characteristic fuel cell properties.
(TW420885-A)      A polymer electrolyte comprises: (a) a poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) (PVCAC) which is a copolymer containing 5-25 mol.% of a vinyl chloride monomer and 75-95 mol.% of a vinyl acetate monomer; (b) a lithium salt; and (c) an organic solvent mixture containing: (i) ethylene carbonate (EC) and/or propylene carbonate (PC); and (ii) a high-boiling point organic solvent.    The molar ratio of the PVCAC and the lithium salt is 16:12-40:3 and the amount of the solvent mixture does not exceed 81% of the total polymer electrolyte.    USE -   The electrolyte is used for lithium or lithium ion batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte exhibits high lithium ion conductivity, long term electrochemical and dimensional stability, and chemical compatibility.
(US5939223-A)      NOVELTY - A flexible polymer electrolyte film (16) contains an electrolyte in a polymer binder. The electrolyte contains lithium salt and an organic aprotic solvent. The aprotic solvent contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma butyrolactone. A flexible positive pole (18) containing lithium intercalation compound powder is dispersed in a capsule sealing matrix. The positive pole includes 50-70 weight % of manganese dioxide and 2 weight % of carbon.    USE -   For self-output portable apparatus (SSPD) such as radio frequency identification tag, PCMCIA card and smart card in mobile communication.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides electrolyte film of optimum characteristics by controlling quantity of organic solvent and prevents leakage of electrolyte thereby improves performance characteristics of battery. Eliminates danger of exposure of lithium intercalation compound used within positive pole, since capsule sealing of positive pole of battery is carried out into polymer matrix. Discharge time of battery is improved by optimizing carbon content of positive pole.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The figure shows the sectional view of flexible primary lithium cell. (16) Polymer electrolyte film; (18) Positive pole.
(JP11150287-A)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    (CN1216869-A)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    (US6245987-B1)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.
(US5989751-A)      NOVELTY - The battery includes an anode (14) and a flexible polymer cathode (18) containing manganese dioxide, carbon and an electrolyte contained in a polyacrylonitrile polymer binder. The electrolyte used, is lithium salt dissolved in an organic aprotic solvent which contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone.    USE -   For radio frequency identification tag, PCMCIA card, smart card.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has improved design. Enhances safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of primary battery. (14) Anode; (18) Cathode.    (JP3007876-B2)      NOVELTY - The battery includes an anode (14) and a flexible polymer cathode (18) containing manganese dioxide, carbon and an electrolyte contained in a polyacrylonitrile polymer binder. The electrolyte used, is lithium salt dissolved in an organic aprotic solvent which contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone.    USE -   For radio frequency identification tag, PCMCIA card, smart card.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has improved design. Enhances safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of primary battery. (14) Anode; (18) Cathode.
(JP11130821-A)      NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte is impregnated on a polymeric matrix consisting of vinylidene fluoride group copolymer to obtain a solid polymer electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the polymeric matrix which consists of 50-97 mole% of vinylidene fluoride monomer and vinylidene fluoride group copolymer containing 0.1-5 mol% of vinyl monomers containing monoester or epoxy group of an unsaturated dibasic acid.    USE -   For non-aqueous battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Improves ion conductivity thereby improving non-aqueous battery characteristics. The use of the vinylidene fluoride group copolymer improves heat resistance.    (EP999223-A1)      Vinylidene fluoride comprises 50-97 mol.% vinylidene fluoride monomer units and 0.1-5 mol.% units derived from an unsaturated dibasic acid monoester or an epoxy vinyl monomer, with crosslinking.    USE -   Used for gel form solid electrolyte formation, especially when coated with powdery electrode material and used as the middle gel layer between positive and negative electrodes in a non-aqueous lithium ion battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Has improved ionic conductivity, better adhesion to a collector base, and greatly improved heat resistance. Batteries made with them have improved properties.
(JP11054151-A)      A substrate for an ion conductor comprises a polymer or molecule capable of sustaining ion conduction with a boroxine ring bonded to it which captures anions from a dissolved salt. Also claimed is an ion conductor comprising the substrate as above and a salt combined with the substrate.    USE -   As ion-conductive substrates for solid-state lithium secondary batteries, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The problems of loss of conductivity caused by ion pairing and anion blocking are overcome, since anions are captured by the boroxine ring and cation transport is enhanced.    (US6210838-B1)      A substrate for an ion conductor comprises a polymer or molecule capable of sustaining ion conduction with a boroxine ring bonded to it which captures anions from a dissolved salt. Also claimed is an ion conductor comprising the substrate as above and a salt combined with the substrate.    USE -   As ion-conductive substrates for solid-state lithium secondary batteries, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The problems of loss of conductivity caused by ion pairing and anion blocking are overcome, since anions are captured by the boroxine ring and cation transport is enhanced.
(US6204443-B1)      NOVELTY - The light incidence side of a photovoltaic cell (101) of a solar-battery module consists of a filler (102) and a surface protection material (103). The filler comprises a non-crosslinked organic polymer resin (107) and a crosslinked organic polymer resin (106). The crosslinked organic polymer resin bridges upper and lower sides of the non-crosslinked polymer with the surface protection material and the photovoltaic cell, respectively.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in weather resistance and moisture resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (102) Filler; (103) Surface protection material; (106) Crosslinked organic polymer resin; (107) Non-crosslinked organic polymer.
(FR2766296-A1)      Method of making battery with unitary structure and organic electrolyte which contains couple comprised of two electrodes each of which has coating of active electrochemical material; a separator; and an adhesive is claimed. Method comprises (a) making first electrode which has primary coating containing active electrochemical material; and secondary porous coating, which acts as separator, consisting of polymeric material; (b) making second electrode which has porous coating containing active material; (c) making adhesive comprising solution of polymer in solvent; applying adhesive to porous coating of one electrode and then contacting it with other electrode to form a couple; and (d) drying couple.    USE -   In making battery with unitary structure (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Method comprises a small number of simple stages; and battery is obtained with minimised dimensional variations.    (JP11121047-A)      Method of making battery with unitary structure and organic electrolyte which contains couple comprised of two electrodes each of which has coating of active electrochemical material; a separator; and an adhesive is claimed. Method comprises (a) making first electrode which has primary coating containing active electrochemical material; and secondary porous coating, which acts as separator, consisting of polymeric material; (b) making second electrode which has porous coating containing active material; (c) making adhesive comprising solution of polymer in solvent; applying adhesive to porous coating of one electrode and then contacting it with other electrode to form a couple; and (d) drying couple.    USE -   In making battery with unitary structure (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Method comprises a small number of simple stages; and battery is obtained with minimised dimensional variations.
(EP987950-A1)      High barrier non-foil laminate composition comprises: (a) an outer heat stable layer; (b) a barrier layer; and (c) an inner layer that readily adheres to metal with the application of heat.    USE -   Used for prevention of corrosion of metals by chemicals, especially in batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The laminate adheres strongly to metals with the application of heat.    (US6066376-A)      High barrier non-foil laminate composition comprises: (a) an outer heat stable layer; (b) a barrier layer; and (c) an inner layer that readily adheres to metal with the application of heat.    USE -   Used for prevention of corrosion of metals by chemicals, especially in batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The laminate adheres strongly to metals with the application of heat.
(FR2762932-A1)      A battery has a sealed one-piece container which has 1-50 (preferably 5-20) cell cavities and which is made of a polymeric material consisting of 95 (preferably 97) wt.% polypropylene and balance ethylene-propylene copolymer, the polypropylene having 55-65% crystallinity as measured by x-ray diffraction.    USE -   As a sealed, high capacity (10-250 Ah), high energy (greater than 55 Wh/kg) battery, useful for electric vehicle applications.    ADVANTAGE -   The container material has greater gas impermeability and better mechanical properties (especially rigidity, cold tensile, impact and creep strengths and weldability) than conventional polypropylene.    (JP11031483-A)      A battery has a sealed one-piece container which has 1-50 (preferably 5-20) cell cavities and which is made of a polymeric material consisting of 95 (preferably 97) wt.% polypropylene and balance ethylene-propylene copolymer, the polypropylene having 55-65% crystallinity as measured by x-ray diffraction.    USE -   As a sealed, high capacity (10-250 Ah), high energy (greater than 55 Wh/kg) battery, useful for electric vehicle applications.    ADVANTAGE -   The container material has greater gas impermeability and better mechanical properties (especially rigidity, cold tensile, impact and creep strengths and weldability) than conventional polypropylene.
(JP11073989-A)      NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte consists of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The ratio of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate is set to 10:1-10:8.    USE -   Used in lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By setting the ratio of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate within specific range, safety is improved. Charging and discharging characteristics are improved, and high voltage can be generated. There is no degradation of operational characteristics under low temperature conditions also. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the lithium secondary battery.    (CN1204162-A)      A non-aqueous electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), as solvent, with a vol. ratio of EC:PC of 10:1 to 10:8. Also claimed is the battery containing the electrolyte.    USE -   For personal computer, telephones, VCR's, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved battery safety. Low decomposition at high voltage, and high Li ion mobility in the electrolyte. Excellent charging and discharging properties are also maintained.    (TW375844-A)      A non-aqueous electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), as solvent, with a vol. ratio of EC:PC of 10:1 to 10:8. Also claimed is the battery containing the electrolyte.    USE -   For personal computer, telephones, VCR's, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved battery safety. Low decomposition at high voltage, and high Li ion mobility in the electrolyte. Excellent charging and discharging properties are also maintained.
(US6143359-A)   NOVELTY - A metal hydride alloys, which comprise an organically soluble metal hydrides and single molecular layer transition metal dichalcogenides, are new.    USE - Metal hydride alloys is used for applications in hydrogen storage, as solid fuels, and in electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - These alloys have exhibited improved qualities in battery applications. They have exhibited also a superior performance in electrochemical cells.
(US6071635-A)   NOVELTY - A conductive member forms two lands on one face of the plate with a flow channel passing between them to carry a fluid for a fuel cell assembly. The member provides a path to the second face of the plate for current generated by the cell. A brace for part of the channel is provided by nonconductive material.    USE - Fluid flow plates formed of conductive and nonconductive materials for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Decreased usage of expensive conductive material.
(US6248466-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator (30), with a laminated electrode and electrolyte layer, comprises many through holes (40-45) and inside passage-forming ribs (55-57) along a separator surface which form an inside passage connecting two holes which have a concave section and are fluidly sealed from one another.    USE - As a gas separator for a fuel cell and the fuel cell (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The feed rate of gas to the fuel cell is increased without any loss of energy efficiency and the output of each stack is equalized.
(JP11310402-A)   NOVELTY - The activity of a carbon monoxide-selective oxidation catalyst is increased and the temperature range of catalyst activity is expanded by changing the catalyst mixture from platinum downstream, through intermediate mixtures to ruthenium at upstream end.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides effective reduction of carbon monoxide concentration while maintaining the temperature of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas at the operating temperature of the fuel cells.
(US6117578-A)   NOVELTY - Ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide in a catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina component against recrystallization and inhibits carbon deposits on the wash coated surfaces.    USE - The fuel gas reformer assembly is used in fuel cell power plants to convert a fuel, i.e. natural gas into hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Lanthanum oxide in the catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina against recrystallization at high operating temperatures while the inclusion of ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide provides longer operational life to the assembly by hindering carbon deposition in the flow passages.    (EP1086505-A1)   NOVELTY - Ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide in a catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina component against recrystallization and inhibits carbon deposits on the wash coated surfaces.    USE - The fuel gas reformer assembly is used in fuel cell power plants to convert a fuel, i.e. natural gas into hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Lanthanum oxide in the catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina against recrystallization at high operating temperatures while the inclusion of ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide provides longer operational life to the assembly by hindering carbon deposition in the flow passages.
(CN1233081-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.    (JP2000133291-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.
(US6086945-A)      NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon fine particle is deposited on a heat resistant substrate (11). A silicon thin film of thickness 3-30 m is formed on the substrate. The silicon film is heated and recrystallized so as increase mean diameter of silicon crystal.    USE -   For forming polycrystalline silicon thin film used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Materializes highly efficient and inexpensive solar battery by reduced raw material consumption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a schematic diagram of silicon thin film deposition apparatus. (11) Heat resistant substrate.
(JP11323137-A)   NOVELTY - The composition of composite is new and contains strong acid retained in polysilamine by a chemical bond.    USE - The composite can be used as polymeric electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell used in electric power production, also in display elements, electrochromic elements and various sensors, and also as dispersing agent, emulsifier, water treating agent, water holding agent, thickener, fiber treatment agent and ion exchange resin.    (US6174615-B1)   NOVELTY - The composition of composite is new and contains strong acid retained in polysilamine by a chemical bond.    USE - The composite can be used as polymeric electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell used in electric power production, also in display elements, electrochromic elements and various sensors, and also as dispersing agent, emulsifier, water treating agent, water holding agent, thickener, fiber treatment agent and ion exchange resin.
(WO9956325-A1)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor component, having a semiconductor base material (40) of iron pyrites, is new.    USE - Especially as a solar cell, e.g. a single or multiple layer solar cell, a thin film solar cell, a MIS solar cell or a photochemical cell, but also as a diode, transistor, thyristor or the like.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has higher efficiency than all conventional solar cells, has low cost to allow mass production and can be easily disposed of without environmental pollution.    (CN1253665-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor component, having a semiconductor base material (40) of iron pyrites, is new.    USE - Especially as a solar cell, e.g. a single or multiple layer solar cell, a thin film solar cell, a MIS solar cell or a photochemical cell, but also as a diode, transistor, thyristor or the like.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has higher efficiency than all conventional solar cells, has low cost to allow mass production and can be easily disposed of without environmental pollution.    (EP1032949-A1)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor component, having a semiconductor base material (40) of iron pyrites, is new.    USE - Especially as a solar cell, e.g. a single or multiple layer solar cell, a thin film solar cell, a MIS solar cell or a photochemical cell, but also as a diode, transistor, thyristor or the like.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has higher efficiency than all conventional solar cells, has low cost to allow mass production and can be easily disposed of without environmental pollution.
(EP1068148-A1)   NOVELTY - Uses catalyst comprising rhodium dispersed on refractory oxide support having cerium and zirconium cations to generate hydrogen by self-sustaining partial oxidation for use in fuel cells.    USE - For use in hydrogen generation in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides self-sustaining partial oxidation and steam reforming to produce hydrogen with high selectivity.
(EP1066217-A1)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen is catalytically generated by oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) organic fuel, optionally in the presence of steam.    USE - The process is used for hydrogen generation in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The combination of steam-reforming and partial oxidation is more efficient than either process separately. DME is preferred to methanol as the fuel because it is less toxic, less hygroscopic and has a higher energy density. It is easily liquefied and may become more readily available than methanol if it is adopted as an alternative to diesel fuel.
(DE19831214-A1)   NOVELTY - A thin metal chalcogenide layer is produced by reacting a hydrogen chalcogenide gas with metal ions which have been adsorbed on a substrate by application of a metal compound solution.    USE - The metal chalcogenide layer is useful as an absorber or buffer layer in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows simple production of homogeneous metal chalcogenide layers of uniform quality and, compared with conventional processes, is not sensitive to process parameter variations, provides complete utilization of the metal salts (so that it is more economic and avoids pollution), avoids incorporation of hydroxides, can coat porous substrates without crust formation, can be automated at low cost and is applicable to difficultly soluble chalcogenides.    (EP1064685-A1)   NOVELTY - A thin metal chalcogenide layer is produced by reacting a hydrogen chalcogenide gas with metal ions which have been adsorbed on a substrate by application of a metal compound solution.    USE - The metal chalcogenide layer is useful as an absorber or buffer layer in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows simple production of homogeneous metal chalcogenide layers of uniform quality and, compared with conventional processes, is not sensitive to process parameter variations, provides complete utilization of the metal salts (so that it is more economic and avoids pollution), avoids incorporation of hydroxides, can coat porous substrates without crust formation, can be automated at low cost and is applicable to difficultly soluble chalcogenides.
(US6033793-A)   NOVELTY - Integrated power module for generating thermal and electrical power.    USE - Power module to produce heat and electrical current to heat and power a dwelling or work place.    ADVANTAGE - Integrated structure both preheats process gas and cools product gas and minimizes interface complexities and equipment.    (EP1060533-A1)   NOVELTY - Integrated power module for generating thermal and electrical power.    USE - Power module to produce heat and electrical current to heat and power a dwelling or work place.    ADVANTAGE - Integrated structure both preheats process gas and cools product gas and minimizes interface complexities and equipment.    (CN1292157-A)   NOVELTY - Integrated power module for generating thermal and electrical power.    USE - Power module to produce heat and electrical current to heat and power a dwelling or work place.    ADVANTAGE - Integrated structure both preheats process gas and cools product gas and minimizes interface complexities and equipment.
(CN1280131-A)      NOVELTY - Alcohol or alkyl halide is dissolved in water along with an organic solvent which is slightly soluble in water is added and the solution is reacted with aqueous solution of sodium silicate in presence of a catalyst to form an organic layer from which alkyl silicate is isolated.    USE -   Alkyl silicate is used for highly functional material such as solar battery, semiconductor, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Alkyl silicate is obtained easily at room temperature using inexpensive water glass. The yield of alkyl silicate is improved. The isolation of unreacted silicic acid and alkyl silicate is easy.
(JP2000012043-A)   NOVELTY - The electrocatalyst comprises a cubic platinum-ruthenium solid solution alloy and a hexagonal ruthenium alloy supported together on a conductive carbon carrier, wherein the total amount of the combined alloys is 10-80 wt% based on the electrocatalyst, and the two alloys each have a crystalline diameter 10-100 Angstrom.    USE - An electrocatalyst for use in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells used as a propulsion power source for transportation means.    ADVANTAGE - The electrocatalyst has excellent poisoning resistance to carbon monoxide, thus allowing the use of a small, simplified fuel reformer.    (EP952241-B1)   NOVELTY - The electrocatalyst comprises a cubic platinum-ruthenium solid solution alloy and a hexagonal ruthenium alloy supported together on a conductive carbon carrier, wherein the total amount of the combined alloys is 10-80 wt% based on the electrocatalyst, and the two alloys each have a crystalline diameter 10-100 Angstrom.    USE - An electrocatalyst for use in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells used as a propulsion power source for transportation means.    ADVANTAGE - The electrocatalyst has excellent poisoning resistance to carbon monoxide, thus allowing the use of a small, simplified fuel reformer.
(JP11273700-A)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack system consists of a proton exchange membrane with a pressure sensor located between the oxygen supply and oxygen exhaust manifolds. This monitors for any drop in gas pressure.    USE - For monitoring fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - Performance degradation due to obstruction or flooding is avoided.    (US6103409-A)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack system consists of a proton exchange membrane with a pressure sensor located between the oxygen supply and oxygen exhaust manifolds. This monitors for any drop in gas pressure.    USE - For monitoring fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - Performance degradation due to obstruction or flooding is avoided.    (JP3098510-B2)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack system consists of a proton exchange membrane with a pressure sensor located between the oxygen supply and oxygen exhaust manifolds. This monitors for any drop in gas pressure.    USE - For monitoring fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - Performance degradation due to obstruction or flooding is avoided.
(EP1062291-A1)   NOVELTY - A nanopaticle (I) comprises a non-conducting core layer (A) and a conducting shell layers (B) that is immediately adjacent to and layered upon the core. The radial thickness of the shell layer is less than that whose properties are described by a bulk dielectric function of a material comprising the conducting shell layer (B).    USE - (I) are useful for the production of optical switching devices, communication systems, infrared detectors, infrared cloaking devices, passive solar radiation collection or deflection, energy efficient paints, windows, coatings or fabrics.    ADVANTAGE - The nanoparticles (I) have defined and tunable wavelength absorbance maxima in the visible or infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(EP1078408-A1)   NOVELTY - The flow field plate comprises a series of high-graphite ink formable layers (59) that solidify and bond together upon curing, are deposited on an electrically conductive separator plates (51) and an MEA-membrane electrode assembly (52). In the flow field wall structure pattern (50) formed on each side of each separator plate, deposited layers forms lands (54) between which are formed reactant flow channels (56).    USE - The manufacture of fuel cell flow-field plates for use in a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Relatively low equipment, processing and material costs; reduction of waste material; suitable for small scale batch processing as well as mass production. Ability to make use of different materials with different physical characteristics in different regions of the deposited layers forming the flow-field pattern. Ability to support more complex flow field designs that are not constrained by the cutter geometry of a machining process and the homogenous plate material requirement of other manufacturing processes.
(US6203676-B1)   NOVELTY - Each layer (L1) (L2) (L3) of the ionic conduction device comprises an electrolyte membrane with a gas permeable electrode on each opposed surface. Interconnects (15a) to (15d) contact the electrodes to provide electrical continuity through the stack. Gas flow passages (18) (20) (22) extend through the layers and interconnects between the two ends (E1) (E2) of the stack.    USE - As solid electrolyte ionic conduction device, as an oxygen generator or as a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - In contrast with previously known devices gas flow is through the layers and interconnects of the stack rather than through the stack to and from plenems along the sides of the stack. This considerably facilitates manufacture and construction and thus results in a substantial cost saving. Tolerances such as flatness of the layers are less critical than with conventional arrangements.
(JP2000095783-A)      NOVELTY - Phthalocyanate antimony positive ion containing salt is mixed in a solvent in atmospheric condition. The mixture is subjected to electron reduction with a material whose oxidation potential lies between 50-100 mV, to produce stable phthalocyanine radical anion.    USE -   For electronic devices especially n-type semiconductor for solar battery, optical functional materials.    ADVANTAGE -   The device employing the radical anion exists stably in atmosphere.
(US6124545-A)   NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell of p-i-n structure with an amorphous silicon intrinsic layer has an intrinsic boundary layer of reduced hydrogen content and increased density at the interface with a p-conducting layer.    USE - As a thin film solar cell with an a-Si:H intrinsic layer.    ADVANTAGE - The intrinsic layer is formed with high efficiency and minimal functional degradation at a high deposition rate and at a lower temperature compared with the conventional hot wire process so that it can be used directly in conventional superstrate technology employing a glass/TCO (transparent conductive oxide) substrate.    (DE29824308-U1)   NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell of p-i-n structure with an amorphous silicon intrinsic layer has an intrinsic boundary layer of reduced hydrogen content and increased density at the interface with a p-conducting layer.    USE - As a thin film solar cell with an a-Si:H intrinsic layer.    ADVANTAGE - The intrinsic layer is formed with high efficiency and minimal functional degradation at a high deposition rate and at a lower temperature compared with the conventional hot wire process so that it can be used directly in conventional superstrate technology employing a glass/TCO (transparent conductive oxide) substrate.
(JP11261094-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor element comprises microcrystalline semiconductor having a semiconductor junction in a microcrystalline grain.    USE - In photovoltaic (solar) cells and thin film transistors    ADVANTAGE - Discontinuity in the semiconductor junction and defects between grains are reduced and conversion efficiency, heat resistance and durability are increased.    (JP11266030-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor element comprises microcrystalline semiconductor having a semiconductor junction in a microcrystalline grain.    USE - In photovoltaic (solar) cells and thin film transistors    ADVANTAGE - Discontinuity in the semiconductor junction and defects between grains are reduced and conversion efficiency, heat resistance and durability are increased.    (CN1231518-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor element comprises microcrystalline semiconductor having a semiconductor junction in a microcrystalline grain.    USE - In photovoltaic (solar) cells and thin film transistors    ADVANTAGE - Discontinuity in the semiconductor junction and defects between grains are reduced and conversion efficiency, heat resistance and durability are increased.
(JP11244988-A)   NOVELTY - The mold for producing the silicon ingot has a layered structure comprising an inner layer (3) containing a fused silica powder with a particle size 100 microns or less and a fine fused silica sand (31) with a particle size 100-300 microns, and an outer silica layer (4) containing a fused silica powder with a particle size of 100 microns or less and a coarse fused silica sand with a particle size 500-1500 microns bonded with a silica binder.    USE - A mold for producing a silicon ingot for use in producing a polycrystalline silicon ingot to be used for a silicon substrate for a photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cost effective method provides a silicon ingot with fewer cracks and dislocations, and without the use of a release agent.    (JP11248363-A)   NOVELTY - The mold for producing the silicon ingot has a layered structure comprising an inner layer (3) containing a fused silica powder with a particle size 100 microns or less and a fine fused silica sand (31) with a particle size 100-300 microns, and an outer silica layer (4) containing a fused silica powder with a particle size of 100 microns or less and a coarse fused silica sand with a particle size 500-1500 microns bonded with a silica binder.    USE - A mold for producing a silicon ingot for use in producing a polycrystalline silicon ingot to be used for a silicon substrate for a photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cost effective method provides a silicon ingot with fewer cracks and dislocations, and without the use of a release agent.
(WO9950358-A1)   NOVELTY - Photosensitizer for solar technical applications consists of an organic dye (I) with chemical composition and optical and electronic properties very similar to those of other organic dyes (II). The novelty is that (I) is present as highly pure substance, which can be identified by analysis and also produced by preparative separation from (II) by high power liquid chromatography (HPLC).    USE - The photosensitizer is especially useful in cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of very pure (I) ensures high and reproducible efficiency of solar cells. The separation process ensures fast, simple, reliable and reproducible protection of highly pure photosensitizer.    (EP1066342-A1)   NOVELTY - Photosensitizer for solar technical applications consists of an organic dye (I) with chemical composition and optical and electronic properties very similar to those of other organic dyes (II). The novelty is that (I) is present as highly pure substance, which can be identified by analysis and also produced by preparative separation from (II) by high power liquid chromatography (HPLC).    USE - The photosensitizer is especially useful in cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of very pure (I) ensures high and reproducible efficiency of solar cells. The separation process ensures fast, simple, reliable and reproducible protection of highly pure photosensitizer.
(US6074773-A)   NOVELTY - A method of enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell has the steps of incorporating porous electrocatalyst particles in the cell at an interface between an electrode and an electrolyte where the less than 1 micron sized micro pores in the particles are impregnated with anion conducting impregnant    USE - Enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell by improving the mass transport properties within the micropores providing enhanced access to interior electrocatalyst surfaces for a reactant or a product of an electrochemical reaction induced by the electrocatalyst    (EP1068649-A1)   NOVELTY - A method of enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell has the steps of incorporating porous electrocatalyst particles in the cell at an interface between an electrode and an electrolyte where the less than 1 micron sized micro pores in the particles are impregnated with anion conducting impregnant    USE - Enhancing the performance of an electrochemical fuel cell by improving the mass transport properties within the micropores providing enhanced access to interior electrocatalyst surfaces for a reactant or a product of an electrochemical reaction induced by the electrocatalyst
(US6025083-A)   NOVELTY - The generator comprises means for converting hydrogen-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas to electrical energy, and means for drawing current from the generator after it shuts down to thereby consume at least a portion of the hydrogen-containing fuel remaining in the generator.    USE - A fuel cell generator in which the stack terminals are connected through a resistor, thereby continuing to draw current at the beginning of a STOP transient operation.    ADVANTAGE - The current is dissipated in the resistor as heat, and the problems associated with the oxidation of hydrogen-rich fuel in the combustion zone of the fuel cell generator are reduced or eliminated. After the fuel is oxidized, the energy dissipator is passively and automatically disconnected.    (EP1060531-A1)   NOVELTY - The generator comprises means for converting hydrogen-containing fuel and oxygen-containing gas to electrical energy, and means for drawing current from the generator after it shuts down to thereby consume at least a portion of the hydrogen-containing fuel remaining in the generator.    USE - A fuel cell generator in which the stack terminals are connected through a resistor, thereby continuing to draw current at the beginning of a STOP transient operation.    ADVANTAGE - The current is dissipated in the resistor as heat, and the problems associated with the oxidation of hydrogen-rich fuel in the combustion zone of the fuel cell generator are reduced or eliminated. After the fuel is oxidized, the energy dissipator is passively and automatically disconnected.
(DE19812592-A1)   NOVELTY - A membrane electrode unit contains a polymer electrolyte membrane with porous reaction layers on both sides. The reaction layers have a inhomogeneous microstructure made of a proportion of catalyst A1 impregnated with ionomer and embedded in the ionomer and a residual proportion of catalyst A2. Ratio of A1:A2 is 1-20:1, preferably 3-10:1.    USE - For polymer-electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Gas can be easily transported into the reaction layers improving the accessibility of the reaction gases to the catalyst.    (JP11329452-A)   NOVELTY - A membrane electrode unit contains a polymer electrolyte membrane with porous reaction layers on both sides. The reaction layers have a inhomogeneous microstructure made of a proportion of catalyst A1 impregnated with ionomer and embedded in the ionomer and a residual proportion of catalyst A2. Ratio of A1:A2 is 1-20:1, preferably 3-10:1.    USE - For polymer-electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Gas can be easily transported into the reaction layers improving the accessibility of the reaction gases to the catalyst.
(EP975040-A1)   NOVELTY - The contact angle on a surface of the separator according to a liquid-drop method using water is set at 3 degrees-70 degrees by hydrophilic treatment of a molded or machined raw material for the separator in a hydrophilic gas.    USE - Separator for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Solving the problems encountered in conventional techniques, and being low in cost and having excellent hydrophilic property and electric conductivity.    (JP11540276-X)   NOVELTY - The contact angle on a surface of the separator according to a liquid-drop method using water is set at 3 degrees-70 degrees by hydrophilic treatment of a molded or machined raw material for the separator in a hydrophilic gas.    USE - Separator for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Solving the problems encountered in conventional techniques, and being low in cost and having excellent hydrophilic property and electric conductivity.
(EP1055018-A1)   NOVELTY - The catalyst layer comprises a multilayered structure with increasing catalyst density towards the final densest layer which acts as a pore plugger that closes catalyst gate structures and reduces fuel and water diffusion from the anode to the cathode. In an alternative embodiment, a pore blocking layer of fine particles is also applied to each catalyst layer.    USE - In direct-feed organic fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The structure reduces fuel and water diffusion from the anode to the cathode, improves performance and reduces fuel crossover.
(JP11255512-A)   NOVELTY - A CO concentration reducing apparatus (100) for reducing the CO concentration in a H2-rich gas consists of a selective oxidation means (120) into which the H2-rich gas and oxidative gas are introduced, a first catalyst (121) and a second catalyst (122) in the oxidation means, the second catalyst aiding oxidation of at least one component at a temperature equal to the ambient temperature of the apparatus (100).    USE - In reducing the CO content of an H2-rich stream supplied from a methanol reformer to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus and methods raise the internal temperature of the CO selective oxidation unit rapidly following start-up so that the device quickly becomes effective. The second catalyst causes the temperature of the selective oxidation unit to rise from ambient temperature. Moisture removal prevents degradation of the function of the selective oxidation catalyst.
(DE19815455-A1)   NOVELTY - A combined electrolytic and fuel cell, comprising an oxygen electrode, a hydrogen electrode and a solid electrolyte membrane, has a multi-component oxygen electrode catalyst which contains oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation components.    USE - As a combined polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell (at a terminal voltage of less than 1.01 V) and water electrolysis cell (at a terminal voltage of more than 1.48 V) for electric vehicles (to provide energy storage during braking and energy supply during acceleration), for use as an emergency current supply, for compensating voltage fluctuations in mains supplies, for energy storage in space travel and as a teaching aid.    ADVANTAGE - The combined cell operates at low overvoltages, can be constructed from inexpensive carbon materials, can be switched between the two functions (electrolysis/fuel cell operation) within a few milliseconds and performs cycles with equalized charge/discharge balance without water circulation.
(WO9945172-A1)   NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is obtained by electrolysis using hollow micro-fibers as solid electrolytes, the internal and external surfaces of which support the anodes and cathodes.    USE - To produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The volume required to carry out the reaction is extremely small and can be carried out on board a motor vehicle that may be driven by the fuel cell.    (EP1066417-A1)   NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is obtained by electrolysis using hollow micro-fibers as solid electrolytes, the internal and external surfaces of which support the anodes and cathodes.    USE - To produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The volume required to carry out the reaction is extremely small and can be carried out on board a motor vehicle that may be driven by the fuel cell.    (ZA9901624-A)   NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is obtained by electrolysis using hollow micro-fibers as solid electrolytes, the internal and external surfaces of which support the anodes and cathodes.    USE - To produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The volume required to carry out the reaction is extremely small and can be carried out on board a motor vehicle that may be driven by the fuel cell.
(US6241823-B1)   NOVELTY - A flat object coating system has a piston (14, 16) for moving an object within a cylinder (10, 12) to a region where the object is transferred to a coating apparatus (40) or is removed.    USE - Especially for surface coating of silicon wafers, particularly for PECVD in the production of amorphous thin film solar cells or production of thin surface layers on crystalline solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows individual coating of the objects at a high cycle rate without exposing the objects to damage by high air flow rates, and without the need for sealed transport holders.    (JP3200666-B2)   NOVELTY - A flat object coating system has a piston (14, 16) for moving an object within a cylinder (10, 12) to a region where the object is transferred to a coating apparatus (40) or is removed.    USE - Especially for surface coating of silicon wafers, particularly for PECVD in the production of amorphous thin film solar cells or production of thin surface layers on crystalline solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows individual coating of the objects at a high cycle rate without exposing the objects to damage by high air flow rates, and without the need for sealed transport holders.
(CN1292040-A)   NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on a glass substrate by laser annealing a precursor layer after reducing the hydrogen content of the deposited precursor layer.    USE - The film is formed in the manufacture of thin film transistors on large glass substrates or plates for use in monitors, flat panel displays and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Introduction of an annealing stage to remove hydrogen from a CVD deposit avoids the blistering which has occurred in prior processes using laser annealing.
(EP1054740-A1)   NOVELTY - Membrane electrode comprises a pretreated solid electrolyte membrane with catalyst layers applied on both surfaces. Support substrates are positioned on the membrane surfaces after the catalyst layers have been applied.    USE - Used in the fabrication of direct feed fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is manufactured efficiently with improved performance at lower cost. The fuel cell has improved catalyst utilisation and an enhanced catalyst layer membrane interface.    (US6221523-B1)   NOVELTY - Membrane electrode comprises a pretreated solid electrolyte membrane with catalyst layers applied on both surfaces. Support substrates are positioned on the membrane surfaces after the catalyst layers have been applied.    USE - Used in the fabrication of direct feed fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is manufactured efficiently with improved performance at lower cost. The fuel cell has improved catalyst utilisation and an enhanced catalyst layer membrane interface.    (US6277447-B1)   NOVELTY - Membrane electrode comprises a pretreated solid electrolyte membrane with catalyst layers applied on both surfaces. Support substrates are positioned on the membrane surfaces after the catalyst layers have been applied.    USE - Used in the fabrication of direct feed fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is manufactured efficiently with improved performance at lower cost. The fuel cell has improved catalyst utilisation and an enhanced catalyst layer membrane interface.
(US6068755-A)      NOVELTY - The conductive substrate (103) is immersed in the aqueous solution (102) containing nitrate and zinc ion. Current is passed between the electrodes immersed in the solution and the substrate is vibrated simultaneously using ultrasonic vibrator (112) to form zinc oxide film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic cell manufacturing method.    USE -   For manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The vacuum process is unnecessary, thus reducing sharply the preparation cost. Thin zinc oxide film excellent in uniformity is formed and hence improves environment- proof property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the zinc oxide film formation apparatus using the ultrasonic vibrator.
(JP2000103622-A)       NOVELTY - The solution comprises bismuth antimonate of a general formula HSb1-x Bix O3-x nH2O, where x is 0-0.5 and n is 0-10. The solution contains bismuth liquefied in cubic antimonic acid.    USE -   As solid electrolyte in hydrogen gas sensor and hydrogen fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -    The solution has a high proton conductivity of about 10-3 Scm-1which is determined by the quantity of bismuth in the solution. The solution can be synthesized easily and economically.
(EP1047631-A1)   NOVELTY - A reformer reactor which liberates hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels including alcohol, with carbon dioxide, water, and carbon monoxide as by-products. The hydrogen produced by the reactor can be electrochemically combined with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electric power.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon fuels.    (US6245303-B1)   NOVELTY - A reformer reactor which liberates hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels including alcohol, with carbon dioxide, water, and carbon monoxide as by-products. The hydrogen produced by the reactor can be electrochemically combined with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electric power.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon fuels.
(EP1047629-A1)   NOVELTY - A pretreatment process for catalyst materials, especially methanol reforming catalysts, comprises: (a) a forming step involving exposure to a hydrogen-containing gas mixture followed by; (b) a deactivation step involving exposure to an oxygen-containing gas mixture.    USE - For the pretreatment of catalysts with a tendency to shrink in the reactor, especially catalysts used in methanol reforming reactions, e.g. to obtain hydrogen in fuel cell-operated motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Pretreatment is repeated until there is no further shrinkage, so that no significant loss of catalyst volume/mass occurs during prolonged operation in the reactor. There is therefore no loss of reactor performance, no need to top up the catalyst level, no overheating due to reduced heat requirements in endothermic reactions and no flaking in catalyst layers.
(DE19901722-A1)      A fluorine-based macromolecule is reinforced by a fibre to which surface treatment using a silane coupling agent is applied. A hydrocarbon-based macromolecule is graft-polymerised with the fluorine-based macromolecule. A sulphonic acid group is introduced into the resulting graft copolymer to obtain a macromolecular electrolytic film for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The needle fibre used for reinforcement is anchored and stuck to the film. The needle fibre has no elimination, evolving no decrease in mechanical strength. The fluorine-based macromolecule has thermoplasticity. The result produces the film having any film thickness.    (US6224994-B1)      A fluorine-based macromolecule is reinforced by a fibre to which surface treatment using a silane coupling agent is applied. A hydrocarbon-based macromolecule is graft-polymerised with the fluorine-based macromolecule. A sulphonic acid group is introduced into the resulting graft copolymer to obtain a macromolecular electrolytic film for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The needle fibre used for reinforcement is anchored and stuck to the film. The needle fibre has no elimination, evolving no decrease in mechanical strength. The fluorine-based macromolecule has thermoplasticity. The result produces the film having any film thickness.
(US6194099-B1)   NOVELTY - The use of non-activated carbon nano-fibers in solid composite cathode or electroactive sulfur-containing cathode material for use in electric current producing cells.    USE - In production of high energy rechargeable batteries, electrolytic cells, fuel cells etc..    ADVANTAGE - Solid composite cathode has highly porous structure providing excellent access of electrolyte to electroactive sulfur materials, and also increased mechanical strength and electric conductivity, adaptability for compression and expansion during electrochemical cycling, ease of calendering or compressing to required thickness without interfering with access to electrolyte during filling or cycling of the cells, and increased adhesion to the current collector substrate and to any overlaying layers (e.g. coated layer inhibiting migration of cathode materials or a coated separator or electrolyte layer).
(CN1228614-A)   NOVELTY - An encapsulant resin member for a semiconductor having an additive dissolved therein such that additive concentration has a gradient across the thickness of the encapsulant resin member.    USE - The encapsulant is particularly useful for encapsulating a photovoltaic element in production of solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The concentration gradient of the additive allows the use of a lower amount of additive to produce the required effect than when the additive is uniformly distributed. It can also eliminate the negative effects of excess additive which may be evaporated or decomposed during lamination and form bubbles on the module surface. Antagonistic reaction between additives can also be prevented and synergistic effects promoted.    (JP11317475-A)   NOVELTY - An encapsulant resin member for a semiconductor having an additive dissolved therein such that additive concentration has a gradient across the thickness of the encapsulant resin member.    USE - The encapsulant is particularly useful for encapsulating a photovoltaic element in production of solar cell modules.    ADVANTAGE - The concentration gradient of the additive allows the use of a lower amount of additive to produce the required effect than when the additive is uniformly distributed. It can also eliminate the negative effects of excess additive which may be evaporated or decomposed during lamination and form bubbles on the module surface. Antagonistic reaction between additives can also be prevented and synergistic effects promoted.
(JP11310496-A)   NOVELTY - A method and apparatus for forming a silicon ingot having a directional solidification structure uses a refrigeratable chill plate (15) under the crucible (14) and underfloor (13) and overhead (16) heaters along with an inert gas flow to control the cooling of the molten silicon.    USE - In forming silicon ingots for conversion into photovoltaic solar cells    ADVANTAGE - The ingots have directional solidification structures over a wider cross-sectional area and an excellent degree of orientation: production costs are low.
(CN1221205-A)      NOVELTY - A porous layer (12) is formed on the semiconductor substrate (11). The porous layer has semiconductor such as silicon and germanium or a gallium and arsenic or a gallium and phosphorus or a gallium and nitrogen on its one side. The impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in thickness direction.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in the thickness direction, the distortion of the porous layer caused by passing a large current can be prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view showing the components of the semiconductor substrate. (11) Semiconductor substrate; (12) Porous layer.
(US6054228-A)   NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises an array of cells, where the cathode of one cell shares its conductive element with the anode of an adjacent cell, thus establishing electrical connection between the cells.    USE - For the production of hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water, or the generation of electricity using a fuel gas or liquid mixture and an oxidizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is lightweight, has improved power density, and has a modular construction, so that it can be configured to meet the power requirements of specific applications. Fewer moving parts reduce maintenance and avoid breakdowns.    (EP1025605-A2)   NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises an array of cells, where the cathode of one cell shares its conductive element with the anode of an adjacent cell, thus establishing electrical connection between the cells.    USE - For the production of hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water, or the generation of electricity using a fuel gas or liquid mixture and an oxidizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is lightweight, has improved power density, and has a modular construction, so that it can be configured to meet the power requirements of specific applications. Fewer moving parts reduce maintenance and avoid breakdowns.
(JP11224679-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is prepared by applying pressure to gas diffusion electrodes at either side of a polymer electrolyte membrane at a bonding temperature and applying this pressure until the bonding temperature has been reached.    USE - As polymer electrolyte fuel cells using pure or reform hydrogen and air or oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - Internal resistance is decreased and the three phase interface becomes three-dimensional, thus increasing reaction area and output.    (EP935304-B1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is prepared by applying pressure to gas diffusion electrodes at either side of a polymer electrolyte membrane at a bonding temperature and applying this pressure until the bonding temperature has been reached.    USE - As polymer electrolyte fuel cells using pure or reform hydrogen and air or oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - Internal resistance is decreased and the three phase interface becomes three-dimensional, thus increasing reaction area and output.
(JP11204120-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator containing epoxy and phenolic binders, which do not generate gas bubbles, and hence maintains the gas impermeability of the separator, is made by: A) preparing a raw material by mixing carbon, an epoxy resin and a phenolic resin; B) charging the raw material into a mold; C) heat press forming the raw material in the mold.    USE - The separator is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is prepared using a simple manufacturing process, but does not produce any gas bubbles that reduce the gas permeability.
(DE19755813-C2)   NOVELTY - The unit is heated from a cold start. In a first phase, at pressure below normal working level, POX (partial oxidation of hydrocarbon) operation of the reformer (1) is initiated.    USE - To start up a reformer producing hydrogen from methanol, to feed fuel cells of an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The plant reaches its running temperature as rapidly as possible, and at little cost. Hydrogen is produced early and introduced in the fuel cells for fast getaway.
(DE19805142-C2)   NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell (2) has two elements (4, 6) joined together by joint layer (10) including a metal solder layer (14).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Compared with a conventional glass-solder joint, the solder joint has a higher tensile strength (100-200 N/mm2 or more), exhibits good absorption of mechanical stresses, is almost completely resistant to the fuel cell reagents, is insensitive to differential pressures of up to 200 mbar and is resistant to ejection from the joint region, thus allowing long term fuel cell operation.
(DE19757550-C2)   NOVELTY - In a reforming catalyst for a fuel cell, the catalyst material is surrounded by a gas-permeable spacing structure.    USE - The reforming catalyst is especially useful for melt carbonate fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is protected from direct attack by the electrolyte, without impairing its efficiency.
(EP1050909-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar cell (2) has a multilayer structure made up of an insulating transparent glass substrate (10), a transparent oxide electrode (12), a surface treatment layer (14) formed by subjecting the transparent oxide electrode (12) to oxidizing plasma processing, a silicon nitride film (16), a p-type semiconductor layer (18), a buffer layer (20), an intrinsic semiconductor layer (22), an n-type semiconductor layer (24) and a metal electrode (26), stacked in this order.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The surface of the transparent oxide electrode (12) is chemically stabilized by the surface treatment layer (14) so improving the open end voltage.    (CN1287690-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell (2) has a multilayer structure made up of an insulating transparent glass substrate (10), a transparent oxide electrode (12), a surface treatment layer (14) formed by subjecting the transparent oxide electrode (12) to oxidizing plasma processing, a silicon nitride film (16), a p-type semiconductor layer (18), a buffer layer (20), an intrinsic semiconductor layer (22), an n-type semiconductor layer (24) and a metal electrode (26), stacked in this order.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The surface of the transparent oxide electrode (12) is chemically stabilized by the surface treatment layer (14) so improving the open end voltage.
(US6126740-A)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous colloidal suspension comprises metal chalcogenide nanoparticles and a volatile capping agent.    USE - Especially in manufacture of photovoltaic devices, solar cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - A stable suspension is provided which can be used to form a low cost, high quality semiconductor precursor film.    (EP1066418-A1)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous colloidal suspension comprises metal chalcogenide nanoparticles and a volatile capping agent.    USE - Especially in manufacture of photovoltaic devices, solar cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - A stable suspension is provided which can be used to form a low cost, high quality semiconductor precursor film.
(DE19881977-T)   NOVELTY - The apparatus uses fuel cells with proton-conducting electrolytes and integrated hydrogen gas production the fuel cells each have an opening which form the hydrogen distribution channel over which the hydrogen gas distribution is provided into individual fuel cells. A tension rod for holding the fuel cells together in the fuel cell stack is also arranged in the openings.    USE - For converting energy using fuel cells (1) with proton-conducting electrolytes and with integrated hydrogen gas production.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified apparatus for the production of hydrogen.
(JP3072630-B2)      NOVELTY - The cathode waste gas and compressed air (20) from an air compressor (19) are converted to hot air (25) by a heat exchanger (18). The hot air is supplied to the gas turbine combustor (22) as oxidizing agent.    USE -   For processing cathode waste gas from fuel battery used in battery combined gas turbine power generator.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables efficient collection of exhaust heat of fuel battery even when fuel battery and gas turbine are operated at different pressure. Offers energy conservation by using hot air produced from cathode waste gas in gas turbine combustor. Enables efficient power generation by using low quality exhaust heat of fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery combined power generator. (18) Heat exchanger; (19) Air compressor; (20) Compressed air; (22) Gas turbine combustor; (25) Hot air.
(CN1230032-A)   NOVELTY - The zinc oxide layer comprises a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis perpendicular to the support substrate, and a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis slantinicular to the support substrate in this order from the side of the support substrate.    USE - Used as a part of a reflecting layer of a solar cell or other photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive method for providing a zinc oxide-layered substrate with excellent reflectivity and optical confinement effect for improving the long wavelength sensitivity of solar cells.    (US6238808-B1)   NOVELTY - The zinc oxide layer comprises a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis perpendicular to the support substrate, and a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis slantinicular to the support substrate in this order from the side of the support substrate.    USE - Used as a part of a reflecting layer of a solar cell or other photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive method for providing a zinc oxide-layered substrate with excellent reflectivity and optical confinement effect for improving the long wavelength sensitivity of solar cells.    (US2001012569-A1)   NOVELTY - The zinc oxide layer comprises a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis perpendicular to the support substrate, and a zinc oxide layer having the c-axis slantinicular to the support substrate in this order from the side of the support substrate.    USE - Used as a part of a reflecting layer of a solar cell or other photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - An inexpensive method for providing a zinc oxide-layered substrate with excellent reflectivity and optical confinement effect for improving the long wavelength sensitivity of solar cells.
(EP1044478-A1)   NOVELTY - Wetting of battery electrodes and separators is improved without adversely affecting cell performance by adding a bis(perfluoro-alkylsulfonyl)imide surfactant salt to a conductive salt in the electrolyte composition.    USE - In manufacture of electrochemical systems such as primary and secondary batteries, double-layer capacitors, supercapacitors, fuel cells and electroplating and electro-refining systems.    ADVANTAGE - Surface tension of electrolytes is reduced and wetting of electrodes and separators is improved while conductivity, stability and compatibility with other cell components is maintained or enhanced. Contact area between electrolyte and electroactive materials is increased and range of electrolyte compositions by allowing use of high-viscosity, high surface energy solvents.
(CN1225514-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.    (JP11289103-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.
(WO9938223-A1)   NOVELTY - A direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is operated by evaporating a coolant in the fuel cell, evaporating a methanol/water mixture in an evaporator using heat from the fuel cell and supplying the evaporated methanol/water mixture to the anode space of the fuel cell.    USE - As an electrical energy generating direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The operating method ensures that only a gaseous phase is present in the anode space, so that power losses are avoided, and employs the heat generated by the fuel cell to evaporate the fuel so that additional heat is not required.    (EP1050086-A1)   NOVELTY - A direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is operated by evaporating a coolant in the fuel cell, evaporating a methanol/water mixture in an evaporator using heat from the fuel cell and supplying the evaporated methanol/water mixture to the anode space of the fuel cell.    USE - As an electrical energy generating direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The operating method ensures that only a gaseous phase is present in the anode space, so that power losses are avoided, and employs the heat generated by the fuel cell to evaporate the fuel so that additional heat is not required.
(US2001007306-A1)      NOVELTY - The electrically conductive film (101) which is to be etched, is placed in an electrolyte (104) such that the contact angle of the electrolyte, is 70 or less.    USE -   For manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Precise pattern is obtained, as air bubbles generated at the time of electrolytic etching do not influence the substrate. Processing time is reduced and the method is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of solar battery. (101) Electrically conductive film; (104) Electrolyte.
(JP11219714-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell contains gaskets, at the circumferential part of the unit cell, alternately stacked with each other, with separator between, and comprising elastomer layer and adhesive layer.    USE - As polymer electrolyte fuel cell, using furl in form of pure hydrogen or reform hydrogen obtained from methanol or fossil fuel as reducing agent, and using air or oxygen as oxidizing agent.    ADVANTAGE - Since the gasket is adhered to separator, mispositioning of gasket during the assembling of the cell stack is prevented. Olefinic rubbers, used in elastomer layer of the gasket, are less expensive than fluoro-rubbers and silicone rubbers, and have excellent weather resistance.
(DE19757320-C2)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell electrode comprises an open porous substrate completely coated with a different catalytically active material.    USE - As a gas diffusion electrode or anode for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode is relatively inexpensive since it consists mainly of silicon, while having a large catalytically active surface to provide good carbon monoxide compatibility and a large electrochemically active surface.
(US5985113-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    (JP2000070706-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    (US6194335-B1)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.
(EP1055257-A1)   NOVELTY - The material (30) comprises a layer of solar cells (32), a flexible substrate (34), a flexible electrically nonconductive adhesive (40) which connects the substrate (34) to the airship substrate (38). The shape and size of substrate (34) matches the airship gore. Electrically conductive conduits (46), preferably two, are disposed between the substrate (38) and flexible solar cell layer.    USE - For high altitude stratospheric vehicles, airships and platforms flexible energy producing covering, for operation at the threshold of space and in space.    ADVANTAGE - The operation life is increased and resistance to solar degradation is improved. The trapping of air bubbles between layers during bonding process is eliminated. Lightweight, durable, energy producing flexible covering is suitable for airship technology.    (US6224016-B1)   NOVELTY - The material (30) comprises a layer of solar cells (32), a flexible substrate (34), a flexible electrically nonconductive adhesive (40) which connects the substrate (34) to the airship substrate (38). The shape and size of substrate (34) matches the airship gore. Electrically conductive conduits (46), preferably two, are disposed between the substrate (38) and flexible solar cell layer.    USE - For high altitude stratospheric vehicles, airships and platforms flexible energy producing covering, for operation at the threshold of space and in space.    ADVANTAGE - The operation life is increased and resistance to solar degradation is improved. The trapping of air bubbles between layers during bonding process is eliminated. Lightweight, durable, energy producing flexible covering is suitable for airship technology.
(WO9929621-A1)   NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.    (DE19753720-C2)   NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.    (EP1036032-A1)   NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.
(US6030718-A)   NOVELTY - A proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system comprises many discrete self-humidifying proton exchange membrane (150) fuel cell modules (100), each having a cathode air flow which removes the bulk of the heat energy produced.    USE - As a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The system is modularized, simple, efficient and easy to maintain in that inoperable modules can readily be removed. The modules are self-humidifying and heat removal and capture are effective.    (US6218035-B1)   NOVELTY - A proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system comprises many discrete self-humidifying proton exchange membrane (150) fuel cell modules (100), each having a cathode air flow which removes the bulk of the heat energy produced.    USE - As a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The system is modularized, simple, efficient and easy to maintain in that inoperable modules can readily be removed. The modules are self-humidifying and heat removal and capture are effective.
(EP1008199-A1)   NOVELTY - Porous carbon gas diffusion electrodes obtained by pyrolysis of organic polymer composites with a three-dimensional globular structure and a reinforced skeleton.    USE - In the construction of Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane (PEM) fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrodes have a smooth surface, as required for the construction of fuel cells, and have controlled porosity.    (EP1008199-B1)   NOVELTY - Porous carbon gas diffusion electrodes obtained by pyrolysis of organic polymer composites with a three-dimensional globular structure and a reinforced skeleton.    USE - In the construction of Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane (PEM) fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrodes have a smooth surface, as required for the construction of fuel cells, and have controlled porosity.
(JP11193613-A)   NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.    (CN1225513-A)   NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.    (US6072115-A)   NOVELTY - A covering material based on polyvinyl chloride type resin, for electrical connectors, used for connecting solar cell modules.    USE - The solar cell assembly can be installed on tiled roofs as a clean energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly provides a high long term reliability not typical in conventional systems.
(JP11162485-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cells of the solid polyelectrolyte type in which the solid polyelectrolyte membrane has a controlled water content which is higher next to the negative electrode than to the positive electrode, in relation to the thickness of the membrane.    USE - As small, lightweight sources of energy, e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost, high-power fuel cell in which the catalytic action of the membrane and hence the power output of the cell is increased by controlling the water content of the membrane. The effect of this is to promote back-diffusion of water from the positive electrode so as to compensate for the loss of water from the negative electrode and prevent excessive wetting of the positive electrode.    (JP11176456-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cells of the solid polyelectrolyte type in which the solid polyelectrolyte membrane has a controlled water content which is higher next to the negative electrode than to the positive electrode, in relation to the thickness of the membrane.    USE - As small, lightweight sources of energy, e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost, high-power fuel cell in which the catalytic action of the membrane and hence the power output of the cell is increased by controlling the water content of the membrane. The effect of this is to promote back-diffusion of water from the positive electrode so as to compensate for the loss of water from the negative electrode and prevent excessive wetting of the positive electrode.
(EP1039968-A1)   NOVELTY - Platinum nanoparticles embedded in a protective colloid containing polymeric betaine.    USE - The soluble nanoparticles are used in the production of catalysts for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of polymeric betaines as protective colloid allows the production of stable solutions with very small particle size having very high dispersity which gives economies in the consumption of expensive metals, and allows the protective colloid to be completely or partially removed by hydrolytic decomposition e.g. after immobilization on a carbon support.
(GB2333993-A)   NOVELTY - A multi-axially stretched perfluorinated ionomer membrane (I) used in an electrochemical cell is prepared by extrusion of the perfluorinated ionomer membrane precursor (II) through a film blowing head (a die with a circular orifice) to form a thin walled continuous tube, expansion of the tube by means of internal pressure and cooling to solidify (II) as a film.    USE - The multi-axially stretched perfluorinated ionomer membrane (I) is useful in an electrochemical cell (claimed) such as a chloroalkali cell, fuel cell or energy storage and/or power delivery device.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane (I) is substantially isotropic and has improved dimensional stability. The process is continuous or semi-continuous.
(US6258702-B1)      NOVELTY - The substrate (101) having electrical conductivity at least in one portion of its surface is immersed in a solution containing copper and nitrate ions. The cuprous oxide film (104) is deposited selectively in the electrical conductivity portion by cathode reaction.    USE -   For manufacture of semiconductor devices such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The cuprous oxide is deposited selectively on the substrate and therefore quality is improved. The serial integration solar battery having high output voltage is manufactured efficiently even if laser scribe procedure is not used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents structure of the solar battery manufactured by cuprous oxide film formation. (101) Substrate; (104) Cuprous oxide film.
(JP11343587-A)      NOVELTY - A diffusion electrode (1) has a reaction layer (2) with fine metal particles of diameter 600 nm or less, moisture repellent carbon black of diameter 80 nm or less and polytetrafluoroethylene particles of diameter 300 nm or less, in amount of 20-45% by volume ratio.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas supply layer (3) of an electrode has PTFE particles of diameter 300 nm or less and moisture repellent carbon black of diameter 80 nm or less in amount of 30-45% by volume ratio.    USE -   For fuel battery and for use during brine electrolysis as cathode.    ADVANTAGE -   Bonding of gas supply layer and reaction layer is improved due to usage of carbon black.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the gas diffusion electrode. (1) Gas diffusion electrode; (2) Reaction layer; (3) Gas supply layer.
(DE19757492-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell functional layer is produced by entraining electrode material, immediately after pulverizing, in a gas stream which is then diverted to deposit the particles on a carrier web.    USE - For forming a functional layer, especially a reaction layer or possibly a gas diffusion layer, for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes agglomeration of the particles and produces extremely rapid particle deposition on the carrier web as a powder layer which does not detach or shift on handling.
(US5944913-A)   NOVELTY - A high-efficiency solar cell comprises many stacked semiconductor p-n junctions (14,16,18) in epitaxial semiconductor layers of different composition, each pair of junctions being separated by an epitaxial semiconductor tunnel junction (22,24,26). One junction is in an indium gallium arsenide nitride alloy.    USE - As high-efficiency solar cells for commercial and military space satellite power systems    ADVANTAGE - Super-bandgap energy loss is reduced, equal currents are formed in each homojunction and a conversion efficiency of 40% is achieved saving solar panel area and weight.    (EP1038322-A1)   NOVELTY - A high-efficiency solar cell comprises many stacked semiconductor p-n junctions (14,16,18) in epitaxial semiconductor layers of different composition, each pair of junctions being separated by an epitaxial semiconductor tunnel junction (22,24,26). One junction is in an indium gallium arsenide nitride alloy.    USE - As high-efficiency solar cells for commercial and military space satellite power systems    ADVANTAGE - Super-bandgap energy loss is reduced, equal currents are formed in each homojunction and a conversion efficiency of 40% is achieved saving solar panel area and weight.
(EP961333-A1)   NOVELTY - An oxygen electrode is formed on one surface of a rectangular flat plate-like solid electrolyte that has dents and protuberances formed on nearly the whole of both its surfaces. A generating membrane having a fuel electrode is formed on the other surface. Electrical energy is produced by reacting an oxidizing agent gas with a fuel gas electrochemically through the generating membrane.    USE - Solid electrolyte fuel cell.    (JP11528135-X)   NOVELTY - An oxygen electrode is formed on one surface of a rectangular flat plate-like solid electrolyte that has dents and protuberances formed on nearly the whole of both its surfaces. A generating membrane having a fuel electrode is formed on the other surface. Electrical energy is produced by reacting an oxidizing agent gas with a fuel gas electrochemically through the generating membrane.    USE - Solid electrolyte fuel cell.
(EP1024918-A1)   NOVELTY - A nanocomposite of magnesium and a low miscibility hydrogen absorbent compound is prepared by intensive grinding of a mixture of hydrided magnesium (or magnesium compound) and the hydrogen absorbent component or its hydride.    USE - The nanocomposite is used for hydrogen storage and transport (claimed), especially on board vehicles, in metal hydride batteries or for supplying a generator or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The resulting nanocomposite has low cost, high hydrogen storage efficiency due to its very fine microstructure and exhibits excellent synergy between magnesium and the other component.    (CN1280527-A)   NOVELTY - A nanocomposite of magnesium and a low miscibility hydrogen absorbent compound is prepared by intensive grinding of a mixture of hydrided magnesium (or magnesium compound) and the hydrogen absorbent component or its hydride.    USE - The nanocomposite is used for hydrogen storage and transport (claimed), especially on board vehicles, in metal hydride batteries or for supplying a generator or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The resulting nanocomposite has low cost, high hydrogen storage efficiency due to its very fine microstructure and exhibits excellent synergy between magnesium and the other component.
(JP11144747-A)   NOVELTY - A material for a porous base tube (1) of a fuel cell battery comprises a mixture of at least two of the oxides of Ca, Zr, Ni, Mg, Sr, Ti and Ba.    USE - As a porous base tube (base material portion) for a fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The base tubes permit fuel cells to operate in heat cycles entailing rapid temperature changes without any significant reduction in output; cracks and leakage are also avoided. The selection of the air-side electrode can be broadened, the potential increased and costs reduced.    (US6207314-B1)   NOVELTY - A material for a porous base tube (1) of a fuel cell battery comprises a mixture of at least two of the oxides of Ca, Zr, Ni, Mg, Sr, Ti and Ba.    USE - As a porous base tube (base material portion) for a fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The base tubes permit fuel cells to operate in heat cycles entailing rapid temperature changes without any significant reduction in output; cracks and leakage are also avoided. The selection of the air-side electrode can be broadened, the potential increased and costs reduced.    (US2001016277-A1)   NOVELTY - A material for a porous base tube (1) of a fuel cell battery comprises a mixture of at least two of the oxides of Ca, Zr, Ni, Mg, Sr, Ti and Ba.    USE - As a porous base tube (base material portion) for a fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The base tubes permit fuel cells to operate in heat cycles entailing rapid temperature changes without any significant reduction in output; cracks and leakage are also avoided. The selection of the air-side electrode can be broadened, the potential increased and costs reduced.
(WO9929763-A1)   NOVELTY - Membranes contain a sulfonated aromatic polyetheretherketone (sPEEK) of formula (I) having an ion exchange equivalent of 1.35-1.95 mmol -SO3H/g polymer. The membrane, at an operating voltage of 0.4-1.1 V, has a long-term stability of at least 1000 h. x + y = 1.    USE - As membranes in fuel cells and electrolysis cells.    ADVANTAGE - Membranes made from sPEEK polymers having chemical and physical properties within the claimed limits give problem-free service times of at least 1000 hours, especially at least 3000 hours and particularly at least 4000 hours in fuel cells and electrolysis cells, without using a perfluorinated material as required previously.    (EP1040155-A1)   NOVELTY - Membranes contain a sulfonated aromatic polyetheretherketone (sPEEK) of formula (I) having an ion exchange equivalent of 1.35-1.95 mmol -SO3H/g polymer. The membrane, at an operating voltage of 0.4-1.1 V, has a long-term stability of at least 1000 h. x + y = 1.    USE - As membranes in fuel cells and electrolysis cells.    ADVANTAGE - Membranes made from sPEEK polymers having chemical and physical properties within the claimed limits give problem-free service times of at least 1000 hours, especially at least 3000 hours and particularly at least 4000 hours in fuel cells and electrolysis cells, without using a perfluorinated material as required previously.
(ZA9806818-A)   NOVELTY - A pneumatic gasket system for sealing an electrolytic cell has inner (80) and outer (40) elongated elastomeric strip elements with the inner gasket having an inflatable, hollow and flexible laminated tube element (81) with different inner and outer laminate members.    USE - For electrolytic cells, especially chloro-alkali diaphragm cells for the production of chlorine and chloro-chemicals, NaOH, KOH, electrolysis of water or Na2CO3, destruction of organic pollutants or regeneration of catalytic intermediates (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Sealing between the cell top or bottom and the walled enclosure is improved and the sealing can achieve the long operating life of the cell elements.
(JP3143087-B2)      NOVELTY - A junction ring (12) provided with nickel coating projects from a flange (10F). Metallic layer comprising Mo-Mn is formed on an alumina ring (11) where the junction ring contacts. At the junction of the rings, soldering (30) is performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electric insulator pipe coupling.    USE -   In gas piping in high temperature atmosphere in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By using insulated flange, compressive stress is always applied to alumina ring under 1100C. Favourable seal property is maintained even under 700-800C during running of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of insulated coupling. (10F) Flange; (11) Alumina ring; (12) Junction ring; (30) Soldering.
(US5986203-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.    (EP1029367-A1)   NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.
(US6036932-A)      NOVELTY - Silicon is melted in an inert gas atmosphere under reduced pressure and the molten silicon is contacted with one end of a linear convergence unit (3). Molten silicon is then permeated into the linear convergence object.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Silicon is obtained in large quantities inexpensively. The production cost of the silicon solar battery is minimised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the conceptual diagram of the smelter. (3) Linear convergence unit.
(JP11251601-A)   NOVELTY - High field-effect mobilities and high on-off ratios are achieved in semiconductor devices that contain an organic material as the active layer by using an ordered film of a substituted phthalocyanine coordination compound to form the layer.    USE - As thin-film transistors such as n-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The compounds used in the devices are n-type semiconductors that do not degrade substantially over time in air; they demonstrate higher field-effect mobilities at lower conductivities than amorphous, doped phthalocyanine; thin film devices made from them have on/off ratio of at least 103.    (TW399338-A)   NOVELTY - High field-effect mobilities and high on-off ratios are achieved in semiconductor devices that contain an organic material as the active layer by using an ordered film of a substituted phthalocyanine coordination compound to form the layer.    USE - As thin-film transistors such as n-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor field effect transistors, light-emitting diodes and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The compounds used in the devices are n-type semiconductors that do not degrade substantially over time in air; they demonstrate higher field-effect mobilities at lower conductivities than amorphous, doped phthalocyanine; thin film devices made from them have on/off ratio of at least 103.
(JP11176461-A)   NOVELTY - The combustor is fueled by the fuel and the anode effluent and comprises a housing having an input end adapted to receive the fuel and the anode effluent, an exhaust end emitting hot combustor gas to the reformer, and a catalyst bed intermediate the input and exhaust ends for burning the fuel/anode effluent to generate the combustor exhaust gas.    USE - An improved catalytic combustor for a fuel cell system, the system comprising essentially a stack of H2-O2 fuel cells discharging a H2-containing anode effluent and an O2-containing cathode effluent, a reformer for converting hydrogen-containing fuel selected from alcohols and hydrocarbons to hydrogen for fueling the cells, and a combustor for heating the reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The combustor may be fueled with unreformed liquid fuel, hydrogen-containing anode exhaust gas, or both at different times in its operating cycle depending on the electrical demand placed on the system.    (US6077620-A)   NOVELTY - The combustor is fueled by the fuel and the anode effluent and comprises a housing having an input end adapted to receive the fuel and the anode effluent, an exhaust end emitting hot combustor gas to the reformer, and a catalyst bed intermediate the input and exhaust ends for burning the fuel/anode effluent to generate the combustor exhaust gas.    USE - An improved catalytic combustor for a fuel cell system, the system comprising essentially a stack of H2-O2 fuel cells discharging a H2-containing anode effluent and an O2-containing cathode effluent, a reformer for converting hydrogen-containing fuel selected from alcohols and hydrocarbons to hydrogen for fueling the cells, and a combustor for heating the reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The combustor may be fueled with unreformed liquid fuel, hydrogen-containing anode exhaust gas, or both at different times in its operating cycle depending on the electrical demand placed on the system.
(JP11154522-A)   NOVELTY - A method of making a fuel cell by fixing a polymer electrolyte film to a frame comprises causing the film to have a molar fraction of water of not more than four and bonding the film to the frame with an adhesive.    USE - In forming polymer electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive strength of the polymer electrolyte is enhanced thus increasing the reliability of gas sealing, even under conditions of large humidity change.
(JP11144740-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has gas diffusion layers (3) comprising electroconductive porous material and a fluororesin copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene so that water is retained and the cell can operate on unhumidified gas.    USE - As a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using pure hydrogen or hydrogen from fossil fuels    ADVANTAGE - Water is retained inside the assembly without hindering gas diffusion so that the PEFC can be operated using unhumidified gas    (US6194094-B1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has gas diffusion layers (3) comprising electroconductive porous material and a fluororesin copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene so that water is retained and the cell can operate on unhumidified gas.    USE - As a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using pure hydrogen or hydrogen from fossil fuels    ADVANTAGE - Water is retained inside the assembly without hindering gas diffusion so that the PEFC can be operated using unhumidified gas
(US6268014-B1)   NOVELTY - The photo-electronic thin film is formed by depositing on a substrate a layer of mixed metal precursor particles from droplets and converting the resulting layer to a thin film.    USE - In electronic applications especially the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Allows phase-stabilised precursors to be easily converted into thin-film photovoltaic materials, especially large area films with well controlled compositions.
(EP1019199-A1)   NOVELTY - Composite polymer film is made of mixture of liquid monomer and insoluble particles (conjugated or non-conjugated).    USE - Composite polymer layers are used in various electronic devices, including molecularly doped polymers, light emitting polymers and light-emitting electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of conjugated particles preserves conjugation within the polymer material. If the flash evaporation is additionally combined with plasma deposition, then both the conjugated particles and the monomer may be conjugated. The process is less susceptible to pin holes than physical vapor deposition processes.    (CN1272073-A)   NOVELTY - Composite polymer film is made of mixture of liquid monomer and insoluble particles (conjugated or non-conjugated).    USE - Composite polymer layers are used in various electronic devices, including molecularly doped polymers, light emitting polymers and light-emitting electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of conjugated particles preserves conjugation within the polymer material. If the flash evaporation is additionally combined with plasma deposition, then both the conjugated particles and the monomer may be conjugated. The process is less susceptible to pin holes than physical vapor deposition processes.
(EP1027152-A1)   NOVELTY - Uses a complex of gold and reducible oxide of transition metal on a support of oxides of ceria, zirconia and titanium to provide a catalyst of high efficiency and low operating temperature at acceptable cost.    USE - For use in oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, methanol, methane and carbon monoxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst has high activity and efficiency, lower operating temperatures and acceptable cost.
(WO200053696-A1)      NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich reforming gas containing carbon monoxide is passed into a carbon monoxide removal device (6) where carbon monoxide is removed by methanation. The gas is then passed into another removal device where the residual carbon monoxide is removed by adding oxidizing agent.    USE -   For electricity generation using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide in modified gas is removed without loss of hydrogen.
(US6025457-A)      NOVELTY - An imidazolium salt derivative is impregnated on a polyanion resin which conveyed a negative charge towards a polymer acid, porous polymer solid or a polymer thin film.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   An homogenic polyelectrolyte which has improved ionic conductivity at room temperature, is obtained.
(JP11130405-A)   NOVELTY - A reformer is situated in the flow path of a reactant fluid, comprising a catalyst unit capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, and an electrically heatable heater unit.    USE - For production of high purity hydrogen for fuel cells used in industry or in automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - There is no environmental pollution.
(EP1019317-A1)   NOVELTY - A controlled amount of water is introduced into the gas stream prior to the catalyzed reaction to a temperature for the preferential, selective removal of carbon monoxide especially from reformate gas mixtures.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improved and simplified clean-up system is compact, simple to assemble and capable of dealing with varying flow rates of hydrogen-rich gas and varying amounts of carbon monoxide. Provides preferential selective removal of carbon monoxide.
(EP1019975-A1)   NOVELTY - In a diaphragm cell of a metal/air battery, an anode paste is passed as a strip through a cavity between the diaphragm and an anode collector such that it fills the cavity cross-section.    USE - Especially as a zinc-air, aluminum-air or iron-air battery, useful in the automobile industry.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides homogeneous circulation of the anode paste as a thin strip and allows the battery size to be reduced compared with the battery described in US 4172924.
(WO9921239-A1)   NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.    (EP1025600-A1)   NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.
(EP1025594-A1)   NOVELTY - Low cost polymers, such as ethylene vinyl acetate and ionomers, are used as back skin (14) and/or encapsulant (18) layers in solar cell modules. E-beam radiation crosslinks the polymer without eliminating thermoplasticity so that thermal creep resistance is good.    USE - Used as solar cell modules, especially in architectural applications.    ADVANTAGE - Thermal creep resistance is substantially increased and the polymers are inexpensive.
(JP11102719-A)   NOVELTY - A catalyst for promoting selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas comprises: (1) ruthenium as the main component supported on a prescribed carrier; and (2) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, which have the effect of increasing the temperature range for promoting the selective oxidation, nickel or zinc.    USE - For fuel cells, such as electric sources for driving electric automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The selective oxidation is maintained at a high level over a broadened temperature range.    (EP1038832-A1)   NOVELTY - A catalyst for promoting selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas comprises: (1) ruthenium as the main component supported on a prescribed carrier; and (2) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, which have the effect of increasing the temperature range for promoting the selective oxidation, nickel or zinc.    USE - For fuel cells, such as electric sources for driving electric automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The selective oxidation is maintained at a high level over a broadened temperature range.    (CN1271330-A)   NOVELTY - A catalyst for promoting selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas comprises: (1) ruthenium as the main component supported on a prescribed carrier; and (2) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, which have the effect of increasing the temperature range for promoting the selective oxidation, nickel or zinc.    USE - For fuel cells, such as electric sources for driving electric automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The selective oxidation is maintained at a high level over a broadened temperature range.
(DE19744028-C2)   NOVELTY - The mean particle size of the precious metal catalyst particles in the surface of the electrode, exceeds a minimum value above which the oxidation of CO is constant.    USE - To oxidize methanol or the CO in a gas also having a high H2 content, for example in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation of CO is more consistent for this kind of electrode which is cheaper to produce than the type consisting entirely of precious metal.    (EP1029379-A2)   NOVELTY - The mean particle size of the precious metal catalyst particles in the surface of the electrode, exceeds a minimum value above which the oxidation of CO is constant.    USE - To oxidize methanol or the CO in a gas also having a high H2 content, for example in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation of CO is more consistent for this kind of electrode which is cheaper to produce than the type consisting entirely of precious metal.
(US5976727-A)   NOVELTY - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    USE - Used for bonding electrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sealability of flexible graphite sheet is enhanced whilst retaining high electrical conductivity.    (EP1018178-A1)   NOVELTY - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    USE - Used for bonding electrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sealability of flexible graphite sheet is enhanced whilst retaining high electrical conductivity.    (TW409435-A)   NOVELTY - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    USE - Used for bonding electrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sealability of flexible graphite sheet is enhanced whilst retaining high electrical conductivity.
(WO9941795-A1)   NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell has a series resistance reducing layer on the anode-facing side of its interconnector plate.    USE - As a high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - The layer has the requisite high electrical conductivity, has high resistance to corrosion to oxygen partial pressures at the fuel gas side and is stable with respect to methane or other coal-derived gases.    (EP1064689-A1)   NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell has a series resistance reducing layer on the anode-facing side of its interconnector plate.    USE - As a high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - The layer has the requisite high electrical conductivity, has high resistance to corrosion to oxygen partial pressures at the fuel gas side and is stable with respect to methane or other coal-derived gases.
(WO9917381-A1)   NOVELTY - In the production of a semiconductor wafer from a melt, the melt is exposed to an electric and/or magnetic field at least during the start of solidification.    USE - Especially for producing a silicon wafer for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The field causes directional crystal growth in the crystallizing melt to produce large crystal grains or an almost monocrystalline structure, so that a semiconductor wafer is produced in a simple and inexpensive manner.    (EP1021838-A1)   NOVELTY - In the production of a semiconductor wafer from a melt, the melt is exposed to an electric and/or magnetic field at least during the start of solidification.    USE - Especially for producing a silicon wafer for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The field causes directional crystal growth in the crystallizing melt to produce large crystal grains or an almost monocrystalline structure, so that a semiconductor wafer is produced in a simple and inexpensive manner.    (CN1271465-A)   NOVELTY - In the production of a semiconductor wafer from a melt, the melt is exposed to an electric and/or magnetic field at least during the start of solidification.    USE - Especially for producing a silicon wafer for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The field causes directional crystal growth in the crystallizing melt to produce large crystal grains or an almost monocrystalline structure, so that a semiconductor wafer is produced in a simple and inexpensive manner.
NOVELTY - The melted raw materials in the furnace is drawn out through a path in exit port to form a dendrite web (40) with two main surfaces (41). A solid doping material (33) in the path is heated to diffusion temperature and any one of main surfaces of dendrite web is exposed to dopant to form a diffusion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for diffusion layer forming apparatus.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since doping material is diffused appropriately on the dendrite web, gaseous diffusion is eliminated and diffusion layer formation is simplified. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the doping impurity diffusion layer formation method on dendrite web photoelectric cell. (33) Doping material; (40) Dendrite web; (41) Main surfaces.
(JP11162486-A)   NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell has two components (4, 6) joined together by glass-solder and glass-ceramic layers (14, 16).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell with joined components such as two metallic connector plates or a metallic connector plate and the electrolyte of an electrolyte-electrode unit.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are crystallized on heat treatment to form a joint which is gas-tight joint, is highly electrically insulating, has long term chemical stability, exhibits little interaction with the components or fuel cell media (e.g. H2 and O2) and has high viscosity and thus pressure resistance.    (US6165632-A)   NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell has two components (4, 6) joined together by glass-solder and glass-ceramic layers (14, 16).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell with joined components such as two metallic connector plates or a metallic connector plate and the electrolyte of an electrolyte-electrode unit.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are crystallized on heat treatment to form a joint which is gas-tight joint, is highly electrically insulating, has long term chemical stability, exhibits little interaction with the components or fuel cell media (e.g. H2 and O2) and has high viscosity and thus pressure resistance.
(JP11179836-A)   NOVELTY - Deposited plastic film having a thin metal or metal oxide layer formed on surface of coating layer.    USE - In transparent conductive sheet used in liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, electromagnetic shielding panels, touch panels, electroluminescent (EL) panels, color filters, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent adhesion between base film and deposit layer and excellent gas-barrier properties after boiling treatment or printing.    (US2001016260-A1)   NOVELTY - Deposited plastic film having a thin metal or metal oxide layer formed on surface of coating layer.    USE - In transparent conductive sheet used in liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, electromagnetic shielding panels, touch panels, electroluminescent (EL) panels, color filters, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent adhesion between base film and deposit layer and excellent gas-barrier properties after boiling treatment or printing.
(EP1051768-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a hydrogen permeable barrier layer combination consisting of a niobium (alloy) and/or tantalum (alloy) core layer, sandwiched between two palladium (alloy) outer layers.    USE - As a fuel cell which has a proton conductive electrolyte and which uses e.g. hydrogen, methanol or natural gas as fuel, e.g. a polymer membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The barrier layer combination has a high diffusion capacity for atomic hydrogen but impermeable to larger atoms and molecules, especially molecular hydrogen, water and methanol, so that it separates the anode gas space from the cathode gas space to prevent migration of fuel from the anode side to the cathode side through the electrolyte.
(EP940860-A1)   NOVELTY - Small-diameter spheric solar battery cell SS (spheric semiconductor device) has spheric core (1), reflecting film (2), semiconductor thin film layer (p-type polycrystalline silicon thin film (4a) and n- diffusion layer (7)), n+-p junction (8) formed in semiconductor layer, passivation film (9), titanium oxide surface protection film (10) and electrodes connected to both poles of junction (8).    USE - None given.    (JP11510766-X)   NOVELTY - Small-diameter spheric solar battery cell SS (spheric semiconductor device) has spheric core (1), reflecting film (2), semiconductor thin film layer (p-type polycrystalline silicon thin film (4a) and n- diffusion layer (7)), n+-p junction (8) formed in semiconductor layer, passivation film (9), titanium oxide surface protection film (10) and electrodes connected to both poles of junction (8).    USE - None given.
(NL1006827-C2)   NOVELTY - Solar cells are produced in a continuous process by deposition of a copper-indium-sulfide layer onto a continuous flexible substrate strip by vacuum laser ablation of one or more targets.    USE - In continuous manufacture of thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - An efficient, continuous and reproducible process is provided in which a wide range of flexible substrates may be used and in which impurities in the starting material do not affect the composition of the deposited layer of copper-indium-sulfur material.
(US5972107-A)   NOVELTY - An apparatus for purifying metallurgical grade silicon includes a container for holding molten silicon and one or more submergible torches for providing an oxygen-hydrogen flame surrounded by an inert gas to heat the molten silicon and to provide water vapor and the inert gas. The inert gas provides space for the flame and can also be used to carry silicon dioxide powder or other reactant products to the flame, and to generate turbulence within the molten silicon. The molten silicon is directionally solidified by providing the container in a coolant tank and controlling the coolant level with controllable valves so that further purification is achieved by segregating impurities.    USE - For efficiently purifying metallurgical grade silicon to produce solar grade silicon by a combination of stirring, slagging, reaction with moisture, oxidation, evacuation and reduction, and by directional solidification (claimed). Solar grade silicon is used in the manufacture of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Large amounts of metallurgical grade silicon can be efficiently processed to solar grade silicon with the cost effective removal of impurities, particularly boron and phosphorus.
(CN1211828-A)   NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.    (JP11135820-A)   NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.    (US6133522-A)   NOVELTY - A reinforcing member (I) for a solar cell module has organic resin layers on both surfaces, where an organic resin layer on one side is thinner the organic resin layer on the other side.    USE - The reinforcing member is useful for the fabrication of solar cell modules having thermoplastic, transparent organic resin transparent members.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell modules have a high reliability and lower material cost.
(JP11150287-A)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    (CN1216869-A)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    (US6245987-B1)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.
(JP3103041-B2)      NOVELTY - A calculator (2) estimates the cell voltage when refilling the electrolyte ullage and the electrolyte ullage which varies with respect to variation in quantity and cell voltage. The electrolyte consumption amount and the refilling amount of electrolyte are calculated based on the information recorded in a recording device (1). Based on the calculated results, the service conditions and the shut down period are set up and the refilling quantity of electrolyte corresponding to the electrolyte ullage is estimated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel battery stack has a cell constituted by an oxygen pole and a fuel pole with a separator inbetween, formed on respective side of an electrolyte substrate. Fuel is poured between the separator and the fuel pole. A gas of oxidizing agent is passed into a gas passage formed between the separator and the oxygen pole. The amount of fuel which changes with respect to time, the amount and the flow rate of gas passed into gas passage, operating pressure, load current density, cell voltage, battery temperature and the refilling amount of melted carbonate electrolyte into the cell are recorded in the recording device.    USE -   For melted carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Calculates amount of electrolyte during refilling, quantitatively. Enables stable and prolonged operation of battery by using proper amount of electrolyte. Sets up suitable operation program, by estimating cell voltage exactly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates structure of fuel battery. (2) Recording device; (3) Calculator.
(US5955214-A)      Carbon monoxide is removed from a hydrogen-rich gas by passing the gas through a scavenger material selected from: mixed oxides of manganese and copper optionally combined with mixed oxides of silver, nickel, iron, chromium and tin; SnO2-CuO mixed oxide gels; and mixtures of these. The carbon monoxide is selectively oxidised.    Also claimed is a fuel cell system.    USE -   In a fuel cell system (claimed) in which the carbon monoxide-free hydrogen-rich stream is supplied as fuel to the anode compartment.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide concentration in the stream can be reduced to below 5 ppm so that fuel cell performance is not degraded.    (EP1025603-A1)      Carbon monoxide is removed from a hydrogen-rich gas by passing the gas through a scavenger material selected from: mixed oxides of manganese and copper optionally combined with mixed oxides of silver, nickel, iron, chromium and tin; SnO2-CuO mixed oxide gels; and mixtures of these. The carbon monoxide is selectively oxidised.    Also claimed is a fuel cell system.    USE -   In a fuel cell system (claimed) in which the carbon monoxide-free hydrogen-rich stream is supplied as fuel to the anode compartment.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide concentration in the stream can be reduced to below 5 ppm so that fuel cell performance is not degraded.
(EP935303-A1)      A separator for fuel cells comprises a moulded article of an electrically conductive carbon powder and a high molecular compound. The conductive carbon has an aspect ratio of 4-60, particularly 10-30.    Preferably the high molecular compound is 1 or a mixture of 2 or more selected from thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and rubbers. The moulded article is made from 100 pts.wt. an electrically conductive carbon powder and 10-60 pts.wt. the polymer. Such separator forms an oxidant gas or fuel gas supply duct on 1 or both of its surfaces.    USE -   The separators are used in fuel cells e.g. as power generating devices in offices and workshops.    ADVANTAGE -   The separators have high electrical conductivity, gas-barrier properties with little gas leakage, strength, efficiency in electricity generation and improved safety and are simply produced. They are free of problems inherent in the prior-art products such as giving off noise during power generation.    (JP11509669-X)      A separator for fuel cells comprises a moulded article of an electrically conductive carbon powder and a high molecular compound. The conductive carbon has an aspect ratio of 4-60, particularly 10-30.    Preferably the high molecular compound is 1 or a mixture of 2 or more selected from thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and rubbers. The moulded article is made from 100 pts.wt. an electrically conductive carbon powder and 10-60 pts.wt. the polymer. Such separator forms an oxidant gas or fuel gas supply duct on 1 or both of its surfaces.    USE -   The separators are used in fuel cells e.g. as power generating devices in offices and workshops.    ADVANTAGE -   The separators have high electrical conductivity, gas-barrier properties with little gas leakage, strength, efficiency in electricity generation and improved safety and are simply produced. They are free of problems inherent in the prior-art products such as giving off noise during power generation.
(JP11047595-A)      NOVELTY - Colloidal particles are formed by adding oxidizing agent to platinum complex solution maintained at a pH of 6 or more. Ruthenium chloride solution is added to the colloidal dispersion to form ruthenium colloids which are piled on a conductive carbon base.    USE -   For phosphoric acid fuel battery and polyelectrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables production of electrode catalyst powder containing platinum particles in high efficiency. Enables use of high concentration of platinum aqueous solution.
(EP897895-B1)       A method of making a ceramic powder (22), for producing the ion conductive electrolyte of a high temperature fuel cell, involves (A) mixing a metal alcoholate solution (12) and a metal salt solution (13) and adding water to form a gel (14); (B) thermally decomposing the gel to form a xerogel (18); (C) pulverizing the xerogel to a ceramic powder (22); and (D) calcining the powder (22). Also claimed is a high temperature fuel cell with an electrolyte produced by the above method, the electrolyte preferably containing 8-13 mol% of one or more of scandium oxide (Sc2 O3 ), yttrium oxide (Y2 O3 ) and ytterbium oxide (Yb2 O3).    USE -   The method is used for powder spraying, preferably plasma spraying (claimed), especially for ceramic electrolyte powder application onto an electrode for producing an electrolyte-electrode unit of a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The resulting electrolyte has 50% higher ion conductivity than electrolytes produced by conventional methods without degradation of aging properties, the ion conductivity being maintained during use for a few thousand hours.
(JP11068134-A)      A solar battery module comprises a solar battery cell with a surface material laminated to cover a surface of the cell. A photocatalyst layer is formed on the surface material.    USE -   Solar battery module capable of preventing/minimizing contamination of the surface material.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface of the module is self-cleaning and therefore avoids loss of irradiation energy of solar light to the solar battery, thus maintaining electric power generation for a long time.    (US6046403-A)      A solar battery module comprises a solar battery cell with a surface material laminated to cover a surface of the cell. A photocatalyst layer is formed on the surface material.    USE -   Solar battery module capable of preventing/minimizing contamination of the surface material.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface of the module is self-cleaning and therefore avoids loss of irradiation energy of solar light to the solar battery, thus maintaining electric power generation for a long time.
(DE19726330-C2)      The vacuum panel for thermal utilisation of solar energy includes at least one cover pane (2) and a flexible metal foil (7) forming a trough, with aerogel (1) located between the cover pane and the trough. The panel contains elements (3, 46) of arbitrary colouring and good heat conduction for absorption and/or reflection of radiation energy, and/or elements (4, 6) with a liquid heat carrier, and/or elements (46, 51) for shading, and/or pressure resistant elements (5) for heat insulation.    USE -   For room and water heating by stored solar energy.    ADVANTAGE -   The panels ensure a high yield of energy. Excessive temperatures of house walls are avoided through effective shading.
(US6204443-B1)      NOVELTY - The light incidence side of a photovoltaic cell (101) of a solar-battery module consists of a filler (102) and a surface protection material (103). The filler comprises a non-crosslinked organic polymer resin (107) and a crosslinked organic polymer resin (106). The crosslinked organic polymer resin bridges upper and lower sides of the non-crosslinked polymer with the surface protection material and the photovoltaic cell, respectively.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in weather resistance and moisture resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (102) Filler; (103) Surface protection material; (106) Crosslinked organic polymer resin; (107) Non-crosslinked organic polymer.
(EP996967-A2)      A layer structure production process involves producing a cavity-containing, preferably porous material layer on or from a substrate (e.g. of single crystal p-type or n-type Si), applying (part of) the layer structure and subsequently separating the structure from the substrate using the cavity-containing or porous material layer as the separating region, e.g. by producing mechanical stress within the cavity-containing or porous material layer or at its interface with the substrate. The novelty is that the substrate surface is structured before producing the porous layer or the surface of the porous layer is structured. Also claimed are (i) a similar process in which the uppermost portion of the cavity-containing or porous layer is melted to produce a non-porous single crystal layer which is then separated from the substrate by the above process, optionally after growth of a layer structure; and (ii) production of a semiconductor epitaxy substrate by using a second substrate instead of the layer structure in the above process, the second substrate being separated with an adhering layer or section of the porous layer. Further claimed are (i) a substrate especially of single crystal semiconductor material with a porous surface layer, the free surface of the porous layer being structured; (ii) photocell and radiation detector devices; (iii) production of a semiconductor circuit, e.g. series-connected solar cells, especially by the above process; and (iv) a semiconductor structure especially produced by process (iii).    USE -   Especially in the production of solar cells and other semiconductor components.    ADVANTAGE -   Inexpensive components, having high quality, thin, single crystal silicon layers, can be produced using low production temperatures and low cost foreign (e.g. glass) substrates.
(JP11001302-A)      Process for converting hydrocarbons contained in crude fuel gas into hydrogen comprises: (a) feeding the fuel gas into a conversion apparatus (34) having a number of conversion reaction units (80, 82, 84); (b) establishing the flow of the conversion reaction in each of the reaction units; (c) feeding oxygen to each unit to produce an exothermic oxidation reaction and using heat produced by the oxidation reaction for the conversion reaction; and (d) regulating the amount of oxygen fed to each reaction unit based on the flow of the conversion reaction.    USE -   In fuel cells to convert chemical energy directly.    ADVANTAGE -   The degree of heat utilisation is increased.
(US6071437-A)      The composition includes Ag powder and a metal chosen from among V, Mo and W, with an organic catalyst. The chosen metal is included at a rate of 0.2-16 wt parts for every 100 wt parts of Ag powder.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes degree of sintering of Ag electrode. Avoids post processing like acid treatment.
(JP4000108-A)       The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.    (JP11014038-A)       The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.    (JP3035264-B2)       The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.
(WO9854763-A1)      A solar cell consists of a semiconductor substrate comprising regions of first (1) and opposite (8) conductivity type, the substrate having a front radiation receiving surface (2) with a conductive grid and a back surface (3) with separated contacts to the two regions. The grid comprises narrow metal fingers and the contacts to the second region comprise wide metal lines connected to the fingers with a limited number of vias. Also claimed are processes of forming the solar cell above comprising machining the vias from the back surface, etching and diffusing dopant to form the second region. Metal contacts are formed, the vias metallised and the grid deposited and contacts fired at 600-900 C.    USE -   As solar cells    ADVANTAGE -   Only a limited number of vias is needed so that the problems of laser-drilled holes is avoided and the cell is suited to mass production.    (EP985233-A1)      A solar cell consists of a semiconductor substrate comprising regions of first (1) and opposite (8) conductivity type, the substrate having a front radiation receiving surface (2) with a conductive grid and a back surface (3) with separated contacts to the two regions. The grid comprises narrow metal fingers and the contacts to the second region comprise wide metal lines connected to the fingers with a limited number of vias. Also claimed are processes of forming the solar cell above comprising machining the vias from the back surface, etching and diffusing dopant to form the second region. Metal contacts are formed, the vias metallised and the grid deposited and contacts fired at 600-900 C.    USE -   As solar cells    ADVANTAGE -   Only a limited number of vias is needed so that the problems of laser-drilled holes is avoided and the cell is suited to mass production.
(JP10330101-A)      Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus comprises: (a) a moistening device (2) for moistening an oxidant, where warm water is contacted with the oxidant; (b) a mixer (3) for mixing the moist oxidant with a hydrocarbon energy carrier to produce a mixed gas made of hydrocarbon energy carrier, oxidant and steam; and (c) a reformer (4) for partially oxidising the hydrocarbon energy carrier and the steam. Also claimed is a fuel cell system comprising: (i) the hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus; (ii) a moistening device as (a) above; and (iii) a fuel cell producing electricity using hydrogen produced, the fuel cell comprising cells made up of layers of electrolyte membranes between an anode and cathode.    USE -   In the production of hydrogen by partially oxidising and steam reforming hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas, methanol or naphtha.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus is compact.    (US6103411-A)      Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus comprises: (a) a moistening device (2) for moistening an oxidant, where warm water is contacted with the oxidant; (b) a mixer (3) for mixing the moist oxidant with a hydrocarbon energy carrier to produce a mixed gas made of hydrocarbon energy carrier, oxidant and steam; and (c) a reformer (4) for partially oxidising the hydrocarbon energy carrier and the steam. Also claimed is a fuel cell system comprising: (i) the hydrocarbon manufacturing apparatus; (ii) a moistening device as (a) above; and (iii) a fuel cell producing electricity using hydrogen produced, the fuel cell comprising cells made up of layers of electrolyte membranes between an anode and cathode.    USE -   In the production of hydrogen by partially oxidising and steam reforming hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas, methanol or naphtha.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus is compact.
(EP988655-A1)      A fuel cell assembly (10) comprises a stack of planar fuel cells (16) each with an electrolyte layer (20) having an anode layer (18) on one side and a cathode layer (22) on the other side and interconnect members (12,14), each cell (16) being between and in electrical contact with an adjacent pair of interconnect members (12,14) with an oxygen-containing gas passage (28) being formed between the cathode layer (22) of each cell and the adjacent interconnect member (14) and a fuel gas passage (38,42) between the anode layer (18) and the adjacent interconnect member (12). A chamber (36) of greater height than the thickness of the respective cell is defined between the adjacent interconnect members (12,14) in each pair within which the cell is received. Conductive compressible means (32,38,40,42) in the chamber (36) in electrical contact with a first side (18) of the cell and the adjacent interconnect member (12) urge the cell towards the adjacent interconnect member (14) on the second side (22) to maintain the cell in electrical contact with both adjacent interconnect members (12,14). The assembly (10) may comprise a single fuel cell (16) between two interconnect members (12,14). The compressible means (32) may comprise a corrugated sheet (42) of Ni or Ni alloy.    ADVANTAGE -   The compressive load on each cell of the stack is provided by the respective compressible means so that the compressive load is independent of the position of the cell in the stack. As a result, a reduced compressive load may be applied to each cell, which is advantageous for solid oxide electrolyte cells where the electrolyte layer is not a primary load bearing layer. The conditions in each chamber are the same throughout the stack.
(JP11011924-A)      Producing a polycrystalline semiconductor ingot comprises charging raw semiconductor material (15), which will expand on solidification, into a crucible (1). The top of the crucible is heated and the bottom cooled so that solidification occurs unidirectionally from the bottom up and the crucible is capable of relaxing a strain caused by an expansion on solidification. Also claimed is an apparatus for forming the ingot above. The crucible is double-structured with a space between an inner and outer crucible and the inner crucible relaxes the expansion strain.    USE -   In forming polycrystalline semiconductor ingots e.g. silicon for use in making solar cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Expansion on solidification is accommodated so that stress and cracking are avoided and solar cell efficiency is increased    (US6136091-A)      Producing a polycrystalline semiconductor ingot comprises charging raw semiconductor material (15), which will expand on solidification, into a crucible (1). The top of the crucible is heated and the bottom cooled so that solidification occurs unidirectionally from the bottom up and the crucible is capable of relaxing a strain caused by an expansion on solidification. Also claimed is an apparatus for forming the ingot above. The crucible is double-structured with a space between an inner and outer crucible and the inner crucible relaxes the expansion strain.    USE -   In forming polycrystalline semiconductor ingots e.g. silicon for use in making solar cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Expansion on solidification is accommodated so that stress and cracking are avoided and solar cell efficiency is increased
(US6224746-B1)      Quality testing of a flat element (1) including a membrane is carried out on a test area corresponding to the area bordered by the outlet of a housing (5) which supplies a substance, present during use of the element, to one side of the element (1). Preferably, the quality testing is performed during production of the element, especially for production control. Also claimed is equipment for carrying out the above quality testing.    USE -   Quality testing of e.g. a membrane-electrode unit for a fuel cell such as a low temperature fuel cell with a polymer electrolyte membrane or a high temperature fuel cell with an oxide ceramic membrane.    ADVANTAGE -   Quality testing is limited to only part of the element surface, so that large area elements can be simply and inexpensively tested, and can be carried out during element production so that production parameters can be controlled for rapid rectification of any faults.
(WO9908336-A2)      A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.    (EP1012896-A2)      A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.
(EP986600-A2)      Aqueous, water containing and non-aqueous solutions (I) of acid group functionalised polymers are prepared by heating by microwave radiation.    Also claimed are (i) a process for the production of a solid polymer by concentration and drying of the solution (I); and (ii) the resulting solid polymer.    Preferably the acid groups are sulphonic-, phosphoric-, carboxylic and/or boric acid groups. The solvent is water, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and/or an alcohol.    USE -   The solutions (I) are useful for the production of gas diffusion electrodes, fuel cells and polymer electrolyte stabilised platinum nano-particles.    ADVANTAGE -   Heating of the mixture by microwave radiation does not cause decomposition of the polymer.
(DE19725007-C1)      A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.    (EP884271-B1)      A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.
(EP985240-A1)      In a fuel cell system (11) having anodic and cathodic spaces (13, 14) which are separated by a proton-conductive membrane (15) and which, in the operating state, are supplied respectively with a fuel (preferably a water/methanol mixture) and an oxidiser (preferably oxygen), the novelty is that, in the stand-by state, the cathodic space (14) contains the oxidiser and does not allow material passage. Preferably, the cathodic space (14) is connected to a discharge line equipped with a preferably magnetic shut-off valve, which is closed in the stand-by state. Also claimed is a system for uninterrupted current supply to one or more electrical consumers, in which energy is supplied, in the normal condition, by an a.c. mains or, if mains failure occurs, by the above fuel cell system which is normally in the stand-by state. Further claimed is a method of operating the above fuel cell system.    USE -   In a system for uninterrupted current supply to electrical consumers.    ADVANTAGE -   The fuel cell system has a response time of less than 100 milliseconds on a.c. mains failure.
(JP11034083-A)      A method for producing a fuel cell polymer electrolyte membrane (EM) comprising: (a) introducing a first liquid (L1) medium into a cylinder, where the liquid medium has at least 1 wt.% of a first polymer electrolyte (E1) and a first solvent (S1) with a boiling point or an azeotropic point = 60-220C, and (b) rotating the cylinder to evaporate the solvent (S1) by means of the generated centrifugal force. A first polymer electrolyte membrane is thus formed with a cylindrical configuration with a uniform thickness on the inner surface of the cylinder.    Also claimed are a fuel cell comprising polymer electrolyte membrane (EM) and a pair of electrodes sandwiching it.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is more convenient than processes such as melt extrusion and membrane extension.    (EP983134-A1)      A method for producing a fuel cell polymer electrolyte membrane (EM) comprising: (a) introducing a first liquid (L1) medium into a cylinder, where the liquid medium has at least 1 wt.% of a first polymer electrolyte (E1) and a first solvent (S1) with a boiling point or an azeotropic point = 60-220C, and (b) rotating the cylinder to evaporate the solvent (S1) by means of the generated centrifugal force. A first polymer electrolyte membrane is thus formed with a cylindrical configuration with a uniform thickness on the inner surface of the cylinder.    Also claimed are a fuel cell comprising polymer electrolyte membrane (EM) and a pair of electrodes sandwiching it.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is more convenient than processes such as melt extrusion and membrane extension.
(US5973259-A)      A transducer for converting radiant energy to electrical power comprises: a) an emitter upon which the radiant energy impinges, where the emitter has a work function consistent with the copious emission of electrons at the wavelengths of the radiant energy; b) a collector to which the electrons can travel, and which is spaced apart from the emitter; c) an electrical load; d) contacts by which the collector and the emitter are connected to the load; and e) a housing.    Also claimed is a transducer for converting radiant energy to electrical power comprising: i) a transparent micromachined first substrate, having in a shallow depression on one face uniform depth of photoelectric-emissive material, surrounded by an edge region which is thermally resistive; and joined by the edge region to: ii) the edge region of a similar second micromachined substrate having photoelectric-emissive material in a shallow depression on one face, where the photoelectric-emissive materials of the layers are in electrical contact with a contact means.    USE -   Used to make photovoltaic cells for generation of electricity of solar energy.    ADVANTAGE -   The device can generate electricity from solar energy by the photoelectric effect alone, or by means of a hybrid photoelectric-thermionic generator. A solar concentrator is not required, and the device operates efficiently at ambient temperature. The emitter emits electrons at wavelengths of light of 700 nm or less.
(EP981498-A1)      A metal oxide gel product is prepared by: (a) heating a mixture of a wet hydrous metal oxide and a hydrolytic acid or metal salt to form a wet gel; (b) heating under a controlled pressure atmosphere to decompose the acid or salt; and removing any non-dispersible product.    A preferred salt is a metal nitrate.The metal oxide gel product is claimed.    Also claimed is a dispersible nanocrystalline metal oxide gel product. A solid solution of a metal oxide is obtained by heating the above product.    Preferably the wet hydrous metal oxide mixture is heated for 1-24 hours at room temperature to 120C. The wet gel is then heated under controlled pressure in a pressure reactor vessel for 20-75 minutes, preferably at a rate of 175-225C per hour. Non-dispersible product is removed by: (i) dispersing the metal oxide gel by heating the wet gel in an aqueous solvent to form a solution; (ii) removing non-dispersible sediment; and (iii) drying the solution, preferably at 20-125C.    USE -    In manufacture of a (supported) catalyst or a fuel cell; or in coating or impregnating a substrate. (claimed). A typical product is a lanthanide-doped CeO2material (not claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Mixed metal oxides are obtained in a nanocrystalline and dispersible form via a low temperature process.
(EP1062689-A2)   NOVELTY - The solar cell device is assembled from a number of solar sub-cells (2) which are connected in series, formed in a semiconductor wafer (1), with slots (14) formed in the latter for defining the individual solar sub-cells, mechanically coupled together by narrow bridging sections (12) at the wafer edge.    USE - The solar cell device provides an electrical operating voltage for incorporation in a satellite, a small consumer item, e.g. a wrist watch or pocket calculator, or a portable calculator or mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell device has a reduced manufacturing cost.    (DE19980447-T)   NOVELTY - The solar cell device is assembled from a number of solar sub-cells (2) which are connected in series, formed in a semiconductor wafer (1), with slots (14) formed in the latter for defining the individual solar sub-cells, mechanically coupled together by narrow bridging sections (12) at the wafer edge.    USE - The solar cell device provides an electrical operating voltage for incorporation in a satellite, a small consumer item, e.g. a wrist watch or pocket calculator, or a portable calculator or mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell device has a reduced manufacturing cost.
(US6086945-A)      NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon fine particle is deposited on a heat resistant substrate (11). A silicon thin film of thickness 3-30 m is formed on the substrate. The silicon film is heated and recrystallized so as increase mean diameter of silicon crystal.    USE -   For forming polycrystalline silicon thin film used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Materializes highly efficient and inexpensive solar battery by reduced raw material consumption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a schematic diagram of silicon thin film deposition apparatus. (11) Heat resistant substrate.
(FR2784962-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar generator includes solar cells (5) and a carrier structure (1) which comprises a honeycomb kernel (2) lying between a lower and an upper cover (3a, 3b). Resonators are integrated into and/or coupled to the carrier structure. The resonators are preferably Helmholz resonators which are formed through a foil (4) and cavities (28) in the honeycomb kernel.    USE - solar collector panels in space satellites    ADVANTAGE - Reduces stress and/or danger to components through sound pressure, while keeping weight of arrangement low.
(EP1060358-A1)   NOVELTY - The predetermined distance between two points of a body to be measured, based on the computed difference between the initial distance of a laser beam (6) from one end of the body and the detected final distance between the laser beam and the second point of the body.    USE - Measuring predetermined dimension of radial blades e.g. turbine rotor. Applicable in the manufacture of turbine rotor.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures accurate detection of several points of the measurement body of turbine rotor, thus enabling precise measurement of the dimension of the turbine rotor. Utilizes commercially available components.
(EP1071882-A1)   NOVELTY - The prime mover uses a large canoe shaped floating tank (10) which has an open bottom and contains air. Hydroplanes (22) protrude from the sides at the points of maximum water velocity. A support column (16) is anchored to the sea or river bed (18) and the tank is able to slide up and down the column. The water current (26) causes the tank to move up and down depending on the inclination of the hydroplanes, and the tank oscillates (32) to alternately compress and decompress the air in the tank. Air (30) is expelled from the tank through ducts containing turbines that drive electricity generators    USE - Generation of electrical power    ADVANTAGE - Does not require large and expensive gear boxes
(EP1066090-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus includes a processor determining a measurement of the light interaction, reflected or strobed, of the light from the light source (32) with light interaction members. It determines correlation between the measurement and one or more exercise characteristics. A computer is in communication with the processor. A display displays the information derived from the measurement for the user.    USE - For providing an exercise apparatus with tracking facilities.    ADVANTAGE - Determines a movement related exercise measurement and calculates for the user an exercise force from a predetermined resistance of the exercise apparatus and the exercise measurement.
(JP11281813-A)   NOVELTY - Each of the filter elements of Red Green Blue constituting the color filter is formed by a stacked structure of the associated two of Yellow, Cyan, or Magenta filter layers each of which is smaller in absorption of visible light than a single layer of one of RGB, and can be made from a resist containing a lower amount of pigment. Even if using a positive photoresist each of the filter elements of RGB can be patterned with the exposure amount set at a practical value because of the reduction ratio of the sensitivity of each color resist due to addition of the pigment becomes small.    USE - Color filters for charge coupled devices and liquid crystal displays.    ADVANTAGE - The color filer gives improved resolution.
(WO9950358-A1)   NOVELTY - Photosensitizer for solar technical applications consists of an organic dye (I) with chemical composition and optical and electronic properties very similar to those of other organic dyes (II). The novelty is that (I) is present as highly pure substance, which can be identified by analysis and also produced by preparative separation from (II) by high power liquid chromatography (HPLC).    USE - The photosensitizer is especially useful in cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of very pure (I) ensures high and reproducible efficiency of solar cells. The separation process ensures fast, simple, reliable and reproducible protection of highly pure photosensitizer.    (EP1066342-A1)   NOVELTY - Photosensitizer for solar technical applications consists of an organic dye (I) with chemical composition and optical and electronic properties very similar to those of other organic dyes (II). The novelty is that (I) is present as highly pure substance, which can be identified by analysis and also produced by preparative separation from (II) by high power liquid chromatography (HPLC).    USE - The photosensitizer is especially useful in cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of very pure (I) ensures high and reproducible efficiency of solar cells. The separation process ensures fast, simple, reliable and reproducible protection of highly pure photosensitizer.
(US6265242-B1)      NOVELTY - Several photovoltaic cells of different characteristic attributes are combined to form photovoltaic cell module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module.    USE -   Used to convert solar energy to direct electric power.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces variation in characteristic attribute of photovoltaic cell module, thereby improving yield. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of the photovoltaic cell module.
(JP11274542-A)   NOVELTY - The solar array comprises a number of cells (12) separated by gaps (23). Kapton (RTM) insulation (20) adhesive is present between the conductive substrate and the cells and also between the gaps of cells, including part insulation of greater than 10 mm between series connected cells. Exposed surfaces of the solar cells are covered with glass. A spiral interconnection pattern, with diode protection from reverse current, is used to wire the array.    USE - The solar array is used for spacecraft e.g. satellite in geosynchronous orbit.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells are less susceptible to damage from discharge and also power output loss is minimized due to protection diodes, prohibiting reverse current through a shorted cell.    (US6248950-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar array comprises a number of cells (12) separated by gaps (23). Kapton (RTM) insulation (20) adhesive is present between the conductive substrate and the cells and also between the gaps of cells, including part insulation of greater than 10 mm between series connected cells. Exposed surfaces of the solar cells are covered with glass. A spiral interconnection pattern, with diode protection from reverse current, is used to wire the array.    USE - The solar array is used for spacecraft e.g. satellite in geosynchronous orbit.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells are less susceptible to damage from discharge and also power output loss is minimized due to protection diodes, prohibiting reverse current through a shorted cell.
(JP3110398-B2)      NOVELTY - The metallic element which encourages crystallisation of silicon gas is introduced into reaction chamber (101). Then, fine crystal silicon film is formed by plasma crystal vapor deposition (CVD).    USE -   For solar battery and thin film transistor manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   As metallic element enhancing crystallisation of silicon gas is used, the film forming velocity is made quick and quality is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plasma CVD apparatus. (101) Reaction chamber.
(JP2992500-B2)      NOVELTY - A pair of electrodes (61,81) of different polarities are formed on the lower portion of an optical electricity generating element (1). The optical generating element is inserted in a guide hole (4) formed on the wiring board (3) so that the electrodes are respectively connected with the wirings (6,8) on the board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of the optical electricity generation module.    USE -   For micro condensing type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the electrodes are suitably connected with the wirings, reliability of the product is increased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of optical electricity generation module. (1) Optical electricity generating element; (3) Wiring board; (4) Guide hole; (6,8) Wirings; (61,81) Electrodes.
(EP1049872-A1)   NOVELTY - The water turbine has a generator (2) enclosed in a cylindrical housing (7) and a turbine (1) mounted directly onto the generator shaft (5). The housing (7) is positioned and supported in a flow conduit by a tubular support shaft (8). The cylindrical housing (7) containing the generator, the tubular support shaft (8), and the turbine, are arranged to be removed as a single piece from the flow conduit through an installation hole (9).    USE - Generation of electricity    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies installation and maintenance of the turbine, turbine and generator can be installed as a unit
(US6132343-A)   NOVELTY - Apparatus has evaluation mechanism with video monitor in communication with controller in communication with sensors associated with apparatus moving part. Motion and position sensors are associated with crank engaged with hub (22) rotating so resistance mass (28) moves in an arc in plane perpendicular to hub's axis of rotation. Crank has a primary shaft parallel with the hub's axis of rotation.    USE - For providing a physical conditioning apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple, compact, reliable and inexpensive apparatus for complete physical conditioning, including capabilities for both strength training and aerobic exercise.    (EP1056520-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus has evaluation mechanism with video monitor in communication with controller in communication with sensors associated with apparatus moving part. Motion and position sensors are associated with crank engaged with hub (22) rotating so resistance mass (28) moves in an arc in plane perpendicular to hub's axis of rotation. Crank has a primary shaft parallel with the hub's axis of rotation.    USE - For providing a physical conditioning apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a simple, compact, reliable and inexpensive apparatus for complete physical conditioning, including capabilities for both strength training and aerobic exercise.
(EP1051221-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrodes (1) which provide the treatment are connected to a pulse generator (2), which supplies electrical pulses whose characteristics are monitored by a central processing unit (CPU) (3). The pulse amplitude is monitored with a peak detector (4), whose output is digitized (5) to be read by the CPU, which, based on the amplitude, controls the pulse generator. The electrodes include temperature sensors (6) whose signals are amplified (7) and digitized (8) for connection to the CPU, which monitors for excess temperature.    USE - Performing rehabilitation exercises.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids burning or reddening of the skin.
(US6287888-B1)      NOVELTY - The method involves forming two fine crystal semiconductor films (103,105a) and an amorphous semiconductor film (104) using identical glow discharge plasma discharge generators provided in identical reaction chambers. A photoelectric conversion layer is formed on one fine crystal semiconductor film (103). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method involves forming the first fine crystal semiconductor film (103) without adding N or P type determination impurity. The second fine crystal semiconductor film (105a) is formed without adding N or P type determination impurity after forming the amorphous semiconductor film. P type determination impurity is then injected and heated into the fine crystal semiconductor film (105a) from the surface of an electrode (106) provided close to the fine crystal semiconductor film (105a).    USE -   For forming e.g. solar battery, image input sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Forms P and N type fine crystal silicon films and amorphous silicon films continuously with maintained glow discharge plasma and using simplified plasma-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus. Forms pin junction without needing n type impurity. Improves process capacity in which gas introduction and discharge are unnecessary, and in which p and n type fine crystal silicon films and amorphous silicon films are formed simultaneously. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the photoelectric converter manufacture. (103,105a) Fine crystal semiconductor films; (104) Amorphous semiconductor film; (106) Electrode.
(ZA9811161-A)   NOVELTY - A structure for detecting light comprises a first color filter deposited over a light sensor, and a protective polymer silation layer deposited over the filter.    USE - The formation of protective coatings on filters used in color light detectors.    ADVANTAGE - The silane layer prevents bleeding of material between individual, closely spaced filters during the fabrication process, and protects an array of filters from physical damage during detapping operations. A silane layer applied after each filter layer is deposited allows accidental mis-processing or minor processing variations to occur without damage to previously fabricated layers.
(CN1221205-A)      NOVELTY - A porous layer (12) is formed on the semiconductor substrate (11). The porous layer has semiconductor such as silicon and germanium or a gallium and arsenic or a gallium and phosphorus or a gallium and nitrogen on its one side. The impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in thickness direction.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in the thickness direction, the distortion of the porous layer caused by passing a large current can be prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view showing the components of the semiconductor substrate. (11) Semiconductor substrate; (12) Porous layer.
(CN1221224-A)      NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell module has several photovoltaic cells (101) electrically connected through a metal body (104). An insulation member (103) avoids contact between edge part of photovoltaic cells and the metal body.    USE -   For electrical connection.    ADVANTAGE -   Damage of photovoltaic cells is prevented by the insulated member that prevents contact of cell with metal body. Inspite of repeated bending while installing photovoltaic cell, reliability is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the photovoltaic cell module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (103) Insulation member; (104) Metal body.    (US6184457-B1)      NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell module has several photovoltaic cells (101) electrically connected through a metal body (104). An insulation member (103) avoids contact between edge part of photovoltaic cells and the metal body.    USE -   For electrical connection.    ADVANTAGE -   Damage of photovoltaic cells is prevented by the insulated member that prevents contact of cell with metal body. Inspite of repeated bending while installing photovoltaic cell, reliability is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the photovoltaic cell module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (103) Insulation member; (104) Metal body.
(JP3188864-B2)      NOVELTY - Electrodes (1a,1a') are distributed at preset intervals along a channel which intakes and outputs seawater. Power supply circuits (E1,TR1,D1,L1,C1,R1,Rs,RL,Edc) apply DC voltage between the electrodes, for a preset period, to produce electric pulse.    USE -   For impressing direct flow electric pulse in seawater, which is used as cooling water for heat exchanger in thermal power station, thereby preventing adhesion of shells to heat exchanger.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to provide fixed electric shock. Enables to effectively prevent adherence of shells. Enables to stop voltage application, when existence of human being or animal is detected near the electrode. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of direct electric pulse generator. (1a,1a') Electrodes; (E1,TR1,D1,L1,C1,R1,Rs,RL,Edc) Power supply circuits.
(US6110651-A)      A manufacture of a polysilane pattern formation substrate comprises (1) forming a polysilane film onto a substrate, (2) selectively applying the light to the substrate in the presence of a solvent which does not solve polysilane and solves siloxane to form a pattern, (3) removing only siloxane by using a solvent which solves only the siloxane without solving the polysilane part of the substrate, and (4) completely removing the solvent from the substrate.    USE -   Effectively used in various kinds of printed wiring boards, a flexible switch, a battery electrode, a solar battery, a sensor, an integrated pattern, a housing for a motor etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The substrate having a polysilane pattern superior in accuracy can be formed at low cost and at high speed.
(CN1225514-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.    (JP11289103-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor device is separable into the semiconductor device and its substrate to allow re-use of the separated elements.    USE - Especially in recovery of still-servicable solar panels and their substrates for re-use following renovation of roofing etc.
(WO9937914-A1)   NOVELTY - The electromagnet system includes a rectangular electrical conductor coil (22) with the longer axis aligned with the water flow. Two tubular electrodes (21,25) enclose the conductor but are insulated electrically and thermally from the rectangular coil by a tubular casing. The annulus between the tubes and conductor can be made a vacuum to enable cryogenic cooling and superconduction in the coil. Field current leads (23) supply current to the magnet system and a magnetic field (B) is created when current flows in the coil.    USE - Converts kinetic energy in tidal and ocean currents into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The energy converter works without moving, mechanical engineering parts which simplifies maintenance, and provides a robust and reliable arrangement.    (EP1051570-A1)   NOVELTY - The electromagnet system includes a rectangular electrical conductor coil (22) with the longer axis aligned with the water flow. Two tubular electrodes (21,25) enclose the conductor but are insulated electrically and thermally from the rectangular coil by a tubular casing. The annulus between the tubes and conductor can be made a vacuum to enable cryogenic cooling and superconduction in the coil. Field current leads (23) supply current to the magnet system and a magnetic field (B) is created when current flows in the coil.    USE - Converts kinetic energy in tidal and ocean currents into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The energy converter works without moving, mechanical engineering parts which simplifies maintenance, and provides a robust and reliable arrangement.
(US2001007306-A1)      NOVELTY - The electrically conductive film (101) which is to be etched, is placed in an electrolyte (104) such that the contact angle of the electrolyte, is 70 or less.    USE -   For manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Precise pattern is obtained, as air bubbles generated at the time of electrolytic etching do not influence the substrate. Processing time is reduced and the method is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of solar battery. (101) Electrically conductive film; (104) Electrolyte.
(US6084325-A)   NOVELTY - The brake has a supporting body (1), a flywheel (2) with a stator iron core mounted between two plates of the supporting element and a brake iron core (5) of silicon-E-steel plates with coils which applies a magnetic eddy current braking effect to the flywheel. The stator iron core and the brake iron core are connected to cables (32,55). The stator core passes the a.c. current generated by the stator coil to a commutation and harmonic filter circuit (6) and then to a d.c. current generator (7) and an adjustable d.c. current generator (8) to supply the display and measurement devices (9) and the brake core with the required d.c. current.    USE - For sports equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The compact arrangement is suitable for all types of sports equipment and eliminates the need for an external power supply connection.
(EP933818-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar module has a number of solar cells (11-14) connected in series, provided on a common substrate (1) using a thin-film technique, together with respective parallel diodes (21-24), with a projecting edge of each electrode layer (2,4) of a solar cell or diode providing an overlap zone (10,20) with the corresponding electrode layer of the adjacent diode or solar cell.    USE - The device is used as a photovoltaic energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The solar module is protected from damage when one of the solar cells is in shade.    (US6013870-A)   NOVELTY - The solar module has a number of solar cells (11-14) connected in series, provided on a common substrate (1) using a thin-film technique, together with respective parallel diodes (21-24), with a projecting edge of each electrode layer (2,4) of a solar cell or diode providing an overlap zone (10,20) with the corresponding electrode layer of the adjacent diode or solar cell.    USE - The device is used as a photovoltaic energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The solar module is protected from damage when one of the solar cells is in shade.
(US6093884-A)      NOVELTY - Solar battery modules (101,102) are connected with wire which has many core wires (106,107). Electric energy extractors (105,111) for deriving electric power from solar battery element, are connected to each core wire. The core wire is also connected to ground (108,112) of solar battery modules.    USE -   Used in solar power generation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   A ground cable is not provided separately as core wire itself is connected to ground of solar battery modules and hence operation is made simple. Workability is improved as ground of solar battery modules are connected simultaneously. Checking of grounding resistance of solar battery is made simple by measuring resistance between ground of two poles of solar battery modules. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic diagram of solar battery array. (101,102) Solar battery modules; (105,111) Electric energy extractors; (106,107) Core wires; (108,112) Ground.
(US6013955-A)   NOVELTY - A balancing weight (18) matches a center of mass of a mobile structure with the axis of a bearing pedestal (22). The latter define a system of supported immersed conduit for taking advantage of the stream, with a special shape, that will promote compression at the entry side and a suction effect by depression at exit side, easing the water flow through the conduit (1). The velocity through a turbine impeller (2) is higher than that outside stream before the conduit entrance (10).    USE - In a hydro-reactor, which is designed to be used for production of electric power.    ADVANTAGE - Allows to be used not only in rivers but also in estuaries or inlets, where the stream direction changes due to the tidal effect.
(US6118114-A)      NOVELTY - Image sensor tips receive reflected light from a document and output the read image signal based on the light reception quantity when light is projected on the document from a light source. A phototransistor (PT1) detects the quantity of light received by the image sensor tip.    USE -   For document image reader.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents reduction in reading accuracy even when amount of light emitted from light source varies with ambient temperature. Improves reading speed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of controller mounted on board of document reader. (PT1) Phototransistor.    (TW405323-A)      NOVELTY - Image sensor tips receive reflected light from a document and output the read image signal based on the light reception quantity when light is projected on the document from a light source. A phototransistor (PT1) detects the quantity of light received by the image sensor tip.    USE -   For document image reader.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents reduction in reading accuracy even when amount of light emitted from light source varies with ambient temperature. Improves reading speed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of controller mounted on board of document reader. (PT1) Phototransistor.
(WO9933564-A1)      Photocatalysts that absorb light in the visible wavelength region (380-780 nm) comprise a homogeneous mixture of at least 60% Ti, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mo and/or W oxide(s) and less than 40% Pt, Rh, Mn, Cr, Ru, Ni, Pd, Fe, Co, Ir, Cu, Mo, Zr, Re, Ag and/or Au ions in oxide or halide form.    Also claimed is a process for producing the above photocatalysts by polymerisation or polycondensation of hydrolysable soluble compounds of the above metals at pH 0 to 10 in a sol-gel process at pH value between 0-7, followed by mild drying and slow calcination.    USE -   The photocatalysts are useful for (a) light-induced degradation of pollutants in air or water, preferably where the catalyst is supported on a carrier such as glass, ceramic, paper, mortar, cement, wood, plastic or a natural material, and where the light is visible light, especially sunlight or artificial light, and (b) generating electric current in a photoelectrochemical solar cell in which the photocatalyst is used as a photoactive layer.
(EP924777-A2)   NOVELTY - Electrodeposition or electroless deposition is used to form a high quality indium oxide film for various semiconductor elements    USE - For production of semiconductor elements having a portion to which light is impinged and voltage impressed.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform film thickness and property over a large area is possible at high speed without requiring a large scale apparatus.    (JP11152578-A)   NOVELTY - Electrodeposition or electroless deposition is used to form a high quality indium oxide film for various semiconductor elements    USE - For production of semiconductor elements having a portion to which light is impinged and voltage impressed.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform film thickness and property over a large area is possible at high speed without requiring a large scale apparatus.    (CN1218844-A)   NOVELTY - Electrodeposition or electroless deposition is used to form a high quality indium oxide film for various semiconductor elements    USE - For production of semiconductor elements having a portion to which light is impinged and voltage impressed.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform film thickness and property over a large area is possible at high speed without requiring a large scale apparatus.    (US6110347-A)   NOVELTY - Electrodeposition or electroless deposition is used to form a high quality indium oxide film for various semiconductor elements    USE - For production of semiconductor elements having a portion to which light is impinged and voltage impressed.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform film thickness and property over a large area is possible at high speed without requiring a large scale apparatus.
(DE19757070-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar energy battery together with solar energy cells is produced in the form of a roof covering for a building. The units are of a size that mounting and removal of batteries is straightforward and can be tiles or corrugated sheets. Builtinto the units is a voltage converter that allows the battery output to be fed into the mains supply of the house    USE - For recovery of solar energy    ADVANTAGE - Ease of installation.
(NL1010704-C2)   NOVELTY - The system includes shaft-less turbine, one or more fluid submerged driving elements (such as blades) of which drive eccentric elements in an orbiting movement around the center of rotation of the driving elements. Eccentric elements are located e.g. at a distance from the radial inner side of the driving elements, e.g. at the radial outer side of the driving elements.    USE - In water power installations for generating useful energy, such as electrical power, from the flow (e.g. head) of water.    ADVANTAGE - There is no shaft lead-through with the associated seal, and the system has a compact structure. There is more equal loading of the bearing, with a tunnel effect. There are no alignment difficulties since a long driving shaft is not present and it is possible to avoid one or more mechanical transmissions.    (NL1011283-C2)   NOVELTY - The system includes shaft-less turbine, one or more fluid submerged driving elements (such as blades) of which drive eccentric elements in an orbiting movement around the center of rotation of the driving elements. Eccentric elements are located e.g. at a distance from the radial inner side of the driving elements, e.g. at the radial outer side of the driving elements.    USE - In water power installations for generating useful energy, such as electrical power, from the flow (e.g. head) of water.    ADVANTAGE - There is no shaft lead-through with the associated seal, and the system has a compact structure. There is more equal loading of the bearing, with a tunnel effect. There are no alignment difficulties since a long driving shaft is not present and it is possible to avoid one or more mechanical transmissions.
(US6005276-A)   NOVELTY - The semiconductor photodiode (100) is mounted on a circuit carrier (190). The carrier comprises a light sensitive semiconductor substrate, an integral light filter (139) extending across the rear surface and several electrodes extending from the front surface. Each electrode is bonded to a circuit element on the carrier with the rear surface facing away from the carrier.    USE - The photodiode with a light sensitive rear face is for military applications, e.g. laser guided missile control.    ADVANTAGE - Provides photodiode with light sensitivity on both sides of the device.
(US6127714-A)      NOVELTY - Unnecessary portions (5) between full cut lines (3) and half cut lines (4) formed on array substrate, are removed. Then, the opposing sides of full cut lines on substrate are bonded vertically.    USE -   In manufacture of optical detector used in facsimile, digital copier, scanner, 2D image reader.    ADVANTAGE -   Damage of panel by static is reduced, since unnecessary portion of array substrate are removed efficiently, thus handling of substrate is also simplified. When bonding several sensor array substrates on a base, gap between the substrates is minimized by providing the full cut line as an alignment part. Panel yield is improved at low cost, since half cut line is formed as periphery of bonding panel and defects, short circuit generation are prevented. Also suits for manufacture of semiconductor devices with substrates of larger area. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model plan view of optical sensor array substrate. (3) Full cut lines; (4) Half cut lines; (5) Unnecessary portions.
(JP3199670-B2)      NOVELTY - Frequency modulated light beams (j1,j2) are directed via a Faraday element through differently oriented polarizers. Current source adjacent to Faraday element alters beam polarizations, to modify their beam intensities. Modified beams after optoelectric conversion are routed to a signal processor (10) to assess their variation level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The KHz range reference frequency generators (14,14') modulate the originating light beam intensity as well as doubling the respective frequencies of the returning converted signals through the multipliers (15,15'). After screening through the filters (16,16') the doubled frequency AC components are rectified and their sum or difference is made use of to assess the extent of modification undergone by the originating light beams.    USE -   Current transformer modifying optical beam intensities.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves response characteristic of the current transformer substantially. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagrammatic layout of the signal processor and the associated power supply. (10) Signal processor; (14,14') Reference frequency generators; (15,15') Multipliers; (16,16') Filters; (j1,j2) Frequency modulated light beams.
(GB2331711-B)   NOVELTY - Predetermined exercise procedures, common to other machines, are initiated by local machine controllers. The participating machines have performance sensors, the data from which is fed to a central processor via communications network. The data is compared with first tier data derived from other machines and the respective race details updated until race parameters are fulfilled.    USE - For competition between exercise machine users that are not in the same locality. Can be used on any exercise equipment such as rowing machines, exercise bikes, treadmills, stair apparatus, water rowers etc.    ADVANTAGE - The communications network control enables individuals to compete against others, thereby enhancing the enjoyment of the exercise on the machine.
(EP1025373-A1)   NOVELTY - A controllable damper has a piston (50) and cylinder (40) filled with open cell foam absorbent material impregnated with a medium of rheology controllable by the application of a magnetic field produced by an electromagnet coil (80) or a permanent magnet.    USE - In motion control systems.    ADVANTAGE - Uses little active medium with few seals needed.    (US6151930-A)   NOVELTY - A controllable damper has a piston (50) and cylinder (40) filled with open cell foam absorbent material impregnated with a medium of rheology controllable by the application of a magnetic field produced by an electromagnet coil (80) or a permanent magnet.    USE - In motion control systems.    ADVANTAGE - Uses little active medium with few seals needed.
(JP11141081-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves (a) determining an arrangement range in which the solar batteries can be arranged on a surface (b) determining an arranging direction of the modules (c) calculating the number of solar battery modules that can be arranged horizontally in the direction and within the range (d) combining modules of a line of not more than the calculated number to form a module group and (e) arranging the groups to set a center of the group within the determined range and near a line vertically dividing the surface in two parts    USE - The method is used to arrange rectangular solar batteries into an array for positioning on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - Optimally arranges batteries in an array.    (CN1219634-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves (a) determining an arrangement range in which the solar batteries can be arranged on a surface (b) determining an arranging direction of the modules (c) calculating the number of solar battery modules that can be arranged horizontally in the direction and within the range (d) combining modules of a line of not more than the calculated number to form a module group and (e) arranging the groups to set a center of the group within the determined range and near a line vertically dividing the surface in two parts    USE - The method is used to arrange rectangular solar batteries into an array for positioning on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - Optimally arranges batteries in an array.
(JP11131698-A)   NOVELTY - A solar panel roofing board and a general roofing board are electrically connected directly or indirectly via a clip. The roofing boards and a roof installation surface are joined by a conductor. Potentials of the roof configuring parts of a photovoltaic power generation roof using the solar panel roofing board become the same making grounding easier. Grounding is provided by a fire resistant metal sheet roof.    USE - In photovoltaic power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - Makes grounding easier, easier installation, and is cost-effective.    (CN1216867-A)   NOVELTY - A solar panel roofing board and a general roofing board are electrically connected directly or indirectly via a clip. The roofing boards and a roof installation surface are joined by a conductor. Potentials of the roof configuring parts of a photovoltaic power generation roof using the solar panel roofing board become the same making grounding easier. Grounding is provided by a fire resistant metal sheet roof.    USE - In photovoltaic power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - Makes grounding easier, easier installation, and is cost-effective.
(TW424337-A)   NOVELTY - A thin p-type epitaxial region (36) is positioned beneath logic devices in a logic region (20'') in a p-type substrate. A thick p-type epitaxial region (34) is positioned beneath photosensitive devices in a pixel region (20') in the substrate.    USE - For integration with existing embedded microprocessor and analog designs.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved red absorption while providing improved latch-up and noise reduction. Allows easy integration with existing embedded microprocessor and analog designs.
(EP1030725-A1)   NOVELTY - The display controller (10) comprises a processor (30) and a separate EPROM (32) in which images or words to be displayed are stored as screen objects identified by corresponding labels, such as a name or a number. The processor uses these labels when selecting the objects.    USE - For displaying e.g. user running speed, calories burned, distance covered or time elapsed during workout on exercise apparatus such as a treadmill.    ADVANTAGE - As the controller identifies the screen objects by their labels, the display can easily be adapted to another language by simply changing the EPROM so that by using the same label, the processor e.g. selects the French word heure instead of the English word time.
(JP11150286-A)   NOVELTY - Moldless semiconductor device comprises a chip held between outer terminals, at least one terminal having regions of different hardnesses to absorb bending etc.    USE - In photovoltaic devices used in a module for a solar cell module or a construction material. In a preferred use, the device is a bypass diode used in a photovoltaic solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - A moldless device is provided having sufficient strength and flexibility to resist torsional, bending or impact forces and prevent device breakage, even when incorporated into a solar cell module. The partial covering with elastic material also provides high stress absorption, heat resistance and oxidation protection.    (CN1222761-A)   NOVELTY - Moldless semiconductor device comprises a chip held between outer terminals, at least one terminal having regions of different hardnesses to absorb bending etc.    USE - In photovoltaic devices used in a module for a solar cell module or a construction material. In a preferred use, the device is a bypass diode used in a photovoltaic solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - A moldless device is provided having sufficient strength and flexibility to resist torsional, bending or impact forces and prevent device breakage, even when incorporated into a solar cell module. The partial covering with elastic material also provides high stress absorption, heat resistance and oxidation protection.
(WO9925028-A1)   NOVELTY - A photo device comprises a layer of nano-particles and a conductive solid polymer.    USE - Especially in a photovoltaic cell. The layer can also be used in an LED, photo sensor, optical switch or optical network.    ADVANTAGE - The layer is easy to manufacture in a single heat treatment step and combines the stability and electron transporting properties of the nano-particles with the hole-transporting, light absorbing properties of the polymer.    (EP1029366-A1)   NOVELTY - A photo device comprises a layer of nano-particles and a conductive solid polymer.    USE - Especially in a photovoltaic cell. The layer can also be used in an LED, photo sensor, optical switch or optical network.    ADVANTAGE - The layer is easy to manufacture in a single heat treatment step and combines the stability and electron transporting properties of the nano-particles with the hole-transporting, light absorbing properties of the polymer.
(CN1211718-A)      NOVELTY - Solar battery is provided in the inner side of door (29). A film like heat emitter provided in the inner side of door, consists of transparent material having conductivity. An electrode coil is connected between the solar battery and heat emitter. Power is supplied from solar battery through electrode to the heat emitter.    USE -   For preventing dew formation on door of showcase.    ADVANTAGE -   No power supply wiring is required due to arrangement of solar body. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of dew formation prevention arrangement doors. (29) Door.
(JP3037221-B2)      NOVELTY - Water (Wo), stored in the water storage unit (15) of a tank (13), is ejected to a low water-level unit (32) using a siphon after a water turbine (1) is rotated by water supplied to the tank through a drain water pipe (4). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A pneumatic pressure adjustment unit (X) adjusts the water level difference (Ho) of the water surface (h2) of the low water-level unit and the water surface (ho) of water in the water storage unit. The water turbine is positioned inside the tank and the water surface of the stored water is set below the water turbine. The low water-level unit with predetermined water level difference (H1) is connected to a discharge pipe (5) which is embedded on an earth surface and falls from the tank to the low water-level unit.    USE -   For supplying water from dam to electric power generating device.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables generator to generate electric power by rotation of water turbine due to kinetic energy of supplied water. Utilizes all effective heads to generate sufficient electric power. Secures watercourse with predetermined available head by installation of simple cut-off weir. Reduces destruction of environment due to installation of electric power generating device. Maintains water surface of stored water by terrestrial natural protection. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire system diagram of the hydroelectric apparatus. (1) Water turbine; (4) Drain water pipe; (5) Discharge pipe; (13) Tank; (15) Water storage unit; (32) Low water-level unit; (H1) Water level difference of low water-level unit; (Ho) Water level difference of water surfaces; (Wo) Water; (X) Pneumatic pressure adjustment unit; (h2) Water surface of low water-level unit; (ho) Water surface of stored water.
(JP11126916-A)   NOVELTY - Several unit cells are serially connected on a translucent insulating substrate. The transparent conductive film electrode (6) of each unit cell and the back electrode (8) of an adjacent unit cell are connected via a contact line (4). The contact line is formed by patterning by scribing the photoelectric conversion layer (5) using a laser beam. The wavelength of the laser beam exceeds 0.6 microns so that the side edges of the contact line is heated to be crystallized and made conductive.    USE - The solar battery is used to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing time by using long wavelength laser.    (US6184058-B1)   NOVELTY - Several unit cells are serially connected on a translucent insulating substrate. The transparent conductive film electrode (6) of each unit cell and the back electrode (8) of an adjacent unit cell are connected via a contact line (4). The contact line is formed by patterning by scribing the photoelectric conversion layer (5) using a laser beam. The wavelength of the laser beam exceeds 0.6 microns so that the side edges of the contact line is heated to be crystallized and made conductive.    USE - The solar battery is used to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing time by using long wavelength laser.
(US6009712-A)      NOVELTY - An optical element (4) and a thermistor (5) are mounted on a base (3) of an optical module package (1) fixed to peltier element (6) via a support (7). Based on temperature of the optical element, the thermistor controls the peltier element (2) arranged under base. Based on temperature of the optical module package, a thermistor (8) controls the peltier element.    USE -   For optical module package such as DIP.    ADVANTAGE -   As the thermistors are not influenced by atmospheric air, temperature control of base and optical package is more precise. The influence of temperature caused by a radiant heat within an optical module package is avoided by using thermistors with identical temperature detecting capacity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of the temperature controller. (1) Optical module package; (2,6) Peltier elements; (3) Base; (4) Optical element; (5,8) Thermistors; (7) Support.
NOVELTY - The melted raw materials in the furnace is drawn out through a path in exit port to form a dendrite web (40) with two main surfaces (41). A solid doping material (33) in the path is heated to diffusion temperature and any one of main surfaces of dendrite web is exposed to dopant to form a diffusion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for diffusion layer forming apparatus.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since doping material is diffused appropriately on the dendrite web, gaseous diffusion is eliminated and diffusion layer formation is simplified. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the doping impurity diffusion layer formation method on dendrite web photoelectric cell. (33) Doping material; (40) Dendrite web; (41) Main surfaces.
(JP11179836-A)   NOVELTY - Deposited plastic film having a thin metal or metal oxide layer formed on surface of coating layer.    USE - In transparent conductive sheet used in liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, electromagnetic shielding panels, touch panels, electroluminescent (EL) panels, color filters, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent adhesion between base film and deposit layer and excellent gas-barrier properties after boiling treatment or printing.    (US2001016260-A1)   NOVELTY - Deposited plastic film having a thin metal or metal oxide layer formed on surface of coating layer.    USE - In transparent conductive sheet used in liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, electromagnetic shielding panels, touch panels, electroluminescent (EL) panels, color filters, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent adhesion between base film and deposit layer and excellent gas-barrier properties after boiling treatment or printing.
(US5924842-A)   NOVELTY - Multiple blades (206) extend between a crown (202) and a band (204) at spaced intervals. A gas passage (220) extends from an aperture (222) in the crown to an aperture (232) in the band. An interconnecting passage (230) extends from the aperture (232) to a discharge aperture (239) in the band.    USE - For Francis turbine used in hydroelectric facilities.    ADVANTAGE - Improves oxygen level by integrating gas passage between crown and blade.
(JP3185719-B2)      NOVELTY - Front and rear side of a transparent light guide plate (10) is curved. A mirror (16) and a solar battery (12) are provided in rear side and end face of light guide plate respectively.    USE -   For solar light collector.    ADVANTAGE -   Total light reflection is spread and condensed to light guide plate end face. A solar tracking device becomes unnecessary. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of solar light collector. (10) Light guide plate; (12) Solar battery; (16) Mirror.
(US6194740-B1)      NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon layer (1004) includes channel formation, drain and source areas (1005-1007), contacting a gate electrode (1002) via a gate insulating film (1003). The whole arrangement is formed on a substrate (1001). Light (1011) is directly incident on a non-crystalline silicon layer (1008) which is formed over the polycrystalline silicon layer.    USE -   Used for digital still camera, video camera, facsimile and copier.    ADVANTAGE -   Photo carrier generated by the non-crystalline silicon layer is extracted as an electrical signal, due to efficient junction strength between the non-crystalline silicon layer and the polycrystalline silicon layer. Polycrystalline silicon layer has a higher mobility characteristics and improved diffusion coefficient. Offers improved drift velocity as soon as photo carrier reached channel. Since depletion layer formed on the drain area, also extends over the non-crystalline silicon layer, generated photo carriers can be quickly collected by the channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This shows the structure of the optical sensor. (1001) Substrate; (1002) Gate electrode; (1003) Gate insulating film; (1004) Polycrystalline silicon layer; (1005) Channel formation area; (1006) Drain area; (1007) Source area; (1008) Non-crystalline silicon layer.
(JP11093345-A)   NOVELTY - The system includes vertical rails (40) secured to the roof (2) having a stepped shoulder section (44) on two opposite sides for support of framed solar panels (12), and a trough section (47) for drainage of rainwater. Adjacent pairs of framed solar panels are secured to a vertical rail with a clamp having a top cover (50) bolted to an anchor plate (53). Horizontal rails (60) have hooks (62) for further support of framed panels.    USE - For mounting of solar panel arrays on roofs.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents rainwater leakage. Provides ventilation for cooling panels.    (JP11303346-A)   NOVELTY - The system includes vertical rails (40) secured to the roof (2) having a stepped shoulder section (44) on two opposite sides for support of framed solar panels (12), and a trough section (47) for drainage of rainwater. Adjacent pairs of framed solar panels are secured to a vertical rail with a clamp having a top cover (50) bolted to an anchor plate (53). Horizontal rails (60) have hooks (62) for further support of framed panels.    USE - For mounting of solar panel arrays on roofs.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents rainwater leakage. Provides ventilation for cooling panels.    (US6105317-A)   NOVELTY - The system includes vertical rails (40) secured to the roof (2) having a stepped shoulder section (44) on two opposite sides for support of framed solar panels (12), and a trough section (47) for drainage of rainwater. Adjacent pairs of framed solar panels are secured to a vertical rail with a clamp having a top cover (50) bolted to an anchor plate (53). Horizontal rails (60) have hooks (62) for further support of framed panels.    USE - For mounting of solar panel arrays on roofs.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents rainwater leakage. Provides ventilation for cooling panels.
(DE19737286-C2)   NOVELTY - Designed as foil module and has control element integrated with it, the latter having controllable shunt transistor and control unit.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Gets by without wiring between the solar generator and the control element, demands minimal installation space and faulty connections between the generator and control element are eliminated.
(JP3200614-B2)      NOVELTY - A controlling circuit (5) supplies a corresponding gate voltage to the charging and discharging thyristors at desired intervals and controls the actuation of each thyristor. The circuit also controls the charging voltage applied to the capacitor and the charging and discharging interval of the capacitor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transformer (TR1) boosts the voltage output by an AC power source (E1). A full-wave rectification of the boosted output voltage is then performed by a full-wave rectifier circuit (D1) which is connected to the secondary side of the transformer. A charging thyristor (SCR1) arranged at the latter portion of the rectifier circuit either turns the resulting gate voltage ON or OFF. The electric power output by the charging thyristor is temporarily stored into a capacitor (C1). A discharging thyristor (SCR2) either allows or prevents the discharge of the stored electric power. Electrodes connected to the output side of the discharging thyristor are submerged under water, near the hydraulic power intake or exhaust ports of the power plant.    USE -   For preventing approach of fishes near intake portion of hydroelectric power plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Voltage impressed between underwater electrodes as well as charging voltage supplied to capacitor can be adjusted arbitrarily. Discharge time can be adjusted by altering resistance value of dummy resistor installed in parallel to discharging thyristor. Application of voltage can be stopped when presence of humans or other animals near underwater electrodes using electric shock protective circuit. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the DC pulse generator installed near the intake portion of a hydroelectric power plant. (5) Controlling circuit; (C1) Capacitor; (D1) Full-wave rectifier circuit; (E1) AC power source; (SCR1) Charging thyristor; (SCR2) Discharging thyristor; (TR1) Transformer.
(US5894271-A)   NOVELTY - The unit provides a self contained private, unobtrusive, wireless alert unit which adheres to a localized body location (46a and 46b) and signals the user (48) periodically to exercise or flex an adjacent muscle group. Can be worn completely beneath person's outer clothing and remain invisible to the public. Alerts user at different times to exercise different local muscle groups.    USE - For providing a unit of physical fitness training with independent devices affixed to selected body parts for privately and discretely signaling to user at predetermined intervals to flex or contract the muscles at the selected body part to improve or maintain muscle tone and strength.    ADVANTAGE - Enables user to maintain consistent flexing schedule even when preoccupied with events and occurrences that make up each day.
(JP11083619-A)   NOVELTY - The photodiode (fig 11) senses only the second wavelength in optical communication systems containing two signals of different wavelengths. The diode has a filter layer with a band gap wavelength satisfying a given inequality for annihilating the first wavelength. For vanishing signal tails a peripheral pn junction is formed around the central pn junction, and n electrode is mounted on both the peripheral p and n regions.    USE - For providing a photodiode as a light receiving device and a photodiode module combining a photodiode and a light emitting device for bilateral or unilateral optical communication of information between a base station and several subscribers by transmitting two light signals.    ADVANTAGE - Photodiode module has fewer parts than existing photodiode modules and costs less to produce, is small in size and is suitable for long distance communication.
(DE19733992-C2)   NOVELTY - The system has a collimator (1), moving outside a hemispherical chamber (6) parallel to the symmetry axis (7). A sensor chip (9) is fitted on the axis near the center of curvature (0) with a convex lens (10) on its top face. A glass tube (14) with lightly etched inner walls is fitted over the sensor and its other opening is sealed by a parabolic mirror (15). The tube extends over most of the length of the axis in the chamber.    USE - For systems using infrared radiation for measuring or identifying of objects.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified manufacture ensures optimum reception of radiation emanating from short range field.
(JP11052834-A)   NOVELTY - The exercise support instrument counts the amount of repetitive exercises performed by the user and displays the results of the assessment of the exercises done with images (characters) of virtual creatures representing different assessment grades.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The instrument enables the user to enjoy physical exercises and perform a proper long-term management of exercises.    (EP1030281-A1)   NOVELTY - The exercise support instrument counts the amount of repetitive exercises performed by the user and displays the results of the assessment of the exercises done with images (characters) of virtual creatures representing different assessment grades.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The instrument enables the user to enjoy physical exercises and perform a proper long-term management of exercises.    (CN1265766-A)   NOVELTY - The exercise support instrument counts the amount of repetitive exercises performed by the user and displays the results of the assessment of the exercises done with images (characters) of virtual creatures representing different assessment grades.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The instrument enables the user to enjoy physical exercises and perform a proper long-term management of exercises.    (TW409231-A)   NOVELTY - The exercise support instrument counts the amount of repetitive exercises performed by the user and displays the results of the assessment of the exercises done with images (characters) of virtual creatures representing different assessment grades.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The instrument enables the user to enjoy physical exercises and perform a proper long-term management of exercises.
(US6166321-A)      NOVELTY - The terminal box (1) has a hole (9), through which an external output line (2) passes and a hole (8) which receives internal lead wire (3). The external output line and the internal lead are connected via a relay terminal (4), which in turn is connected to relay terminal support body (5).    USE -   For solar-battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces number of parts, thereby simplifies structure and reduces cost. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of terminal box. (1) Terminal box; (2) Output line; (3) Internal lead wire; (4) Relay terminal; (5) Support body; (8,9) Holes.
(US5961738-A)   NOVELTY - The solar array comprises a blanket having several solar power modules, each module having a backplane bounded by a pair of parallel lateral edges and a pair of longitudinal edges with a solar cell laid on the backplane.    USE - For powering satellite vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Scalable to provide for varying needs, provides high product yield, and resist inertial damaging forces.
(JP3084003-B2)      NOVELTY - Multiple vertical rails (4) are mutually arranged in parallel in the down direction on the building roof. Parallel horizontal rails (5) are arranged perpendicular to the vertical rails. The vertical and horizontal rails are fastened to the roof through a bolt. Several fittings (7) are arranged on the vertical rail and are fastened by fixing a bolt in the through-hole formed in the rail. A C-shaped groove holds a nut which is screwed to the bolt in a longitudinal direction of the vertical rail.    USE -   For installing solar battery modules on roof of building.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases workability of frame and simplifies adjustment of arrangement portion and inclination of vertical rail. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view showing the frame of the solar battery module. (4) Vertical rails; (5) Horizontal rails; (7) Fittings.
(WO9913306-A2)   NOVELTY - The optical force sensor (1) has a light emitting device (3), a light receiving device (4) and a body (2) forming a flexible passage between the light emitting and receiving devices. The passage wall contains material which allows light to reach the receiver from the emitter and when the tube is bent or deformed in response to application of force to the walls of the passage, the amount of light reaching the receiver from the light emitter is altered.    USE - For use as a rugby training aid worn e.g. in the shoulder pads of a player, particularly in scrummaging, where incorrect techniques can cause serious injury, for example, when a scrum collapses.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor system is inexpensive, lightweight and compact as compared to prior art systems using e.g. electronic pressure switches, magnetostrictive transducers, etc.
(EP955132-A2)      NOVELTY - The networks consist of multiblock individual computers, central computers, board computers, satellite units, aerials, open and touch-protected, underfloor and overhead current and communication leads (3-11) with inner control point mark carriers (3-10).    Position and direction code track guides are deposited on track surface and identically on top of touch-protected current etc. leads as metallised, thin-film varnish and adhesive foils with integrated inductive lead strips. Self-supply energy sources include roof solar, segment solar, solar and wind-power installations and battery driven E-stops.    USE -   For car, etc. production transport and distribution lines.    ADVANTAGE -   Self-stopping system with minimum number of extra multi-block standard parts and integrated slide shelf units nad robot cells. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side section of touch-protected underfloor current and communication leads with entry-exit swivel units (3-11) Current, etc. leads; (3-10) Point mark carriers.
(JP11068134-A)      A solar battery module comprises a solar battery cell with a surface material laminated to cover a surface of the cell. A photocatalyst layer is formed on the surface material.    USE -   Solar battery module capable of preventing/minimizing contamination of the surface material.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface of the module is self-cleaning and therefore avoids loss of irradiation energy of solar light to the solar battery, thus maintaining electric power generation for a long time.    (US6046403-A)      A solar battery module comprises a solar battery cell with a surface material laminated to cover a surface of the cell. A photocatalyst layer is formed on the surface material.    USE -   Solar battery module capable of preventing/minimizing contamination of the surface material.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface of the module is self-cleaning and therefore avoids loss of irradiation energy of solar light to the solar battery, thus maintaining electric power generation for a long time.
(DE19748635-A1)      The screw construction is based on the cone and a single-turn screw blade. The screw consists of a hollow cone and two to five blades. The cone is a hollow body, which can be flooded and closed. For this, two closable openings are provided in the base of the cone.    USE -   For introducing into rivers and winds on earth in all countries and continents.    ADVANTAGE -   Free of emissions.
(EP995032-A1)      The sea turbine has several water wheels (16) which are connected to an elongated carrier (15) which is anchored in a water stream and extending vertically into the water stream. The carrier is symmetrical about a vertical central plane, preferably with a symmetrical wing shaped for use in a bidirectional sea stream.    The water wheels are arranged over and under the carrier, but may also be arranged between two parallel carriers. The carrier has ballast compartments (32,33) to control the buoyancy. The carrier has a central engine compartment (31) with the ballast compartments mounted on either side. The floor (35) of the engine compartment carries a rotational converter (36).    USE -   Turbines using sea streams to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be easily constructed for towing to site with minimal towering parts.    (CN1262719-A)      The sea turbine has several water wheels (16) which are connected to an elongated carrier (15) which is anchored in a water stream and extending vertically into the water stream. The carrier is symmetrical about a vertical central plane, preferably with a symmetrical wing shaped for use in a bidirectional sea stream.    The water wheels are arranged over and under the carrier, but may also be arranged between two parallel carriers. The carrier has ballast compartments (32,33) to control the buoyancy. The carrier has a central engine compartment (31) with the ballast compartments mounted on either side. The floor (35) of the engine compartment carries a rotational converter (36).    USE -   Turbines using sea streams to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be easily constructed for towing to site with minimal towering parts.
(JP3015761-B2)      NOVELTY - A delay circuit is provided for generating variable period to the signals, transmitted to areas, such that delay time applied to signal in each area depends on the inductance value of an electrically conductive coil (11) and a barrier or a junction capacitance (Ci) of an optical semiconductor device (12) that are provided in that area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electric synchronising signal (13) is input into the delay circuit so that the synchronising signal is propagated through each area sequentially with a time constant (tau). A light signal corresponding to each channel in a multiplex system is also transmitted to each area so that the transmitted multiplex signal is input along with an optical synchronising signal into the optical semiconductor device.    USE -   For super high speed multiplex optical communication system.    ADVANTAGE -   Allocates multiplex light signal using simple circuit components. Prevents attenuation of output signal. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing indicates the circuit diagram of light signal receiver. (11) Electrically conductive coil. (12) Optical semiconductor device. (13) Electric synchronising signal.
(JP3176340-B2)      NOVELTY - A rubber plug (207) is introduced on the positive and negative terminals (203,204) of a solar battery module (200) after which it is laminated using a specific material. During usage, the rubber plug is removed to expose the terminals of solar battery module for external connection.    USE -   For connected terminals to circuit which performs booster of output voltage of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents contamination of terminals of solar battery module with lamination member by providing rubber plug. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of solar battery module. (200) Solar battery; (203) Positive terminals; (204) Negative terminals; (207) Rubber plug.
(US6051954-A)      NOVELTY - A solar battery (1) is connected in parallel to a storage unit (2) through a diode. The storage unit provides an output sensed by voltage detector (5) which is connected in parallel to storage unit. A comparator (9) compares the sensed signal with a reference signal from reference voltage generation unit (7) depending on which switch (3) of solar battery is controlled. A delay unit (8) is arranged between the voltage detector and the comparator.    USE -   To control the charging of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Charging of electric power generated by solar battery, performed suitably for storage unit. Longer life for the apparatus is obtained by usage of delay unit. Maintenance of storage battery becomes easier as it is removable. Heat dissipation is very small as opening closing unit does not perform a heat generation. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows an example of solar battery charging control apparatus. (1) Solar battery; (2) Storage unit; (3) Switch; (5) Voltage detector; (7) Reference voltage generation unit; (8) Delay unit,; (9) Comparator.
(US6208953-B1)      The method involves using a number of sensors (31-3n) for measuring different parameters (x1-xn). The sensor data is transmitted to a data logging memory (5) that has capacity for a specific time period. Values are compared against plant model data and outputs to signal alarm conditions are displayed (6).    A monitoring value is determined for specific time periods using the model. The monitoring values are used for determining the wear of the components or for detection of operation faults.    USE -   Especially for hydromechanical components operated at variable operation point, e.g. for water powered turbines.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows early detection of faults.
(US6207896-B1)      In the adhesion structure of a box member (101) adhered to a plane (106) by an adhesion member (105), a corner between a bottom (106) and a side (103) of the box member (101) forms a curved part (104) in a curved shape such that the adhesion member (105) gathers between the plane (106) and the curved part (304). In the structure of the box member when the box member (101) is adhered to a plane by the adhesion member (105), the bottom (102) of the box member (101) is formed in a flange shaped protrusion from the outer surface of the side (103) and the end part of the bottom forms a curved part (104) in a curved shape such that the adhesion member (105) gathers between the plane (106) and the curved part (104). An angle theta of an outer surface composed of the side and the bottom is 90- 135 deg.    ADVANTAGE -   Adhesion of a terminal box to an adhesive is improved and durability of a solar module is improved.
(US6071437-A)      The composition includes Ag powder and a metal chosen from among V, Mo and W, with an organic catalyst. The chosen metal is included at a rate of 0.2-16 wt parts for every 100 wt parts of Ag powder.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes degree of sintering of Ag electrode. Avoids post processing like acid treatment.
(GB2327621-B)      The exerciser comprises a magnet controlled wheel mechanism supported on a main frame. The mechanism includes a magnetically conductive flywheel and a drive wheel, which are coaxially mounted for synchronous rotation with each other. A unidirectional bearing arrangement restricts the flywheel to one direction of rotation. A spiral spring has an active end fixed to the drive wheel. A magnet is located adjacent to the periphery of the flywheel for imparting shear resistance to the flywheel.    A pull cord is wound around the drive wheel, with a pulling handle fixed to its outer end. When a user sits on a sliding seat of the exerciser and pulls the handle, to extend the cord, then the drive and flywheels rotate synchronously in one direction. Under the shear resistance imparted by the magnet, the spiral spring is caused to be tightly wound. When the user releases the cord, then the drive wheel only is caused to rotate in an opposite direction under the action of the spiral spring, to retract the cord and allow this to be rewound on the drive wheel.    ADVANTAGE -   Easy adjustment of resistance. Elimination of noise.
(JP11074552-A)      The solar battery module is provided with a glass substrate. An optical semiconductor element is formed on the surface of the substrate which is opposite to the light incident surface of the substrate. The glass substrate is made of a figured glass plate having a ruggedness formed on its light incident surface to produce a glare preventing effect. The optical semiconductor element is constituted by successively laminating a transparent electrode layer, an optical semiconductor layer and a rear-surface electrode layer on the glass substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery module has excellent appearance, is free from glare and can be manufactured at low cost.    (EP991129-A1)      The solar battery module is provided with a glass substrate. An optical semiconductor element is formed on the surface of the substrate which is opposite to the light incident surface of the substrate. The glass substrate is made of a figured glass plate having a ruggedness formed on its light incident surface to produce a glare preventing effect. The optical semiconductor element is constituted by successively laminating a transparent electrode layer, an optical semiconductor layer and a rear-surface electrode layer on the glass substrate.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery module has excellent appearance, is free from glare and can be manufactured at low cost.
(EP1010891-A1)      The system includes a pair of foils (2) which are arranged in the upstream side of the fluid flow so as to accelerate the fluid flowing through it. The foils have a camber which is varied using a threaded actuator (2b). A pair of vertical axis turbines (12) which have several vanes are arranged away from foils, at the down stream side.    The vanes of the turbines are driven by the flow of fluid. An electric motor (13) adjusts the position of the two turbines so as to expose a part of each turbine to the fluid. A pair of generators (7) are connected to the turbine, for applying electrical energy, where rotational energy is stored in a fly wheel (10).    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates variation of camber of foils which optimises fluid flow which supplies adequate torque to turbine which inturn prevents damage of turbine components. Facilitates generation of power even when speed of turbine slows down. Improves efficiency of turbine by shielding upwind or counter rotating side of turbine from fluid passing and driving the turbine. Enhances utilisation of energy contained in moving fluid steel by moving turbine relative to end of coil.
(JP3073719-B2)       The generator includes a controller (84) which outputs a signal and a voltage current command detected from the output side of an AC excitation synchronous machine (M) and a rotating speed detector (7). A current counter balancing circuit performs the current balance control between each inverter by the output of the two-phase to three-phase converting circuits (52a1 ,52a2) which control each inverter.     Balance control is performed independently to the D and Q axis for every parallel circuit from the current counterbalancing circuit. The inverter control circuits (53a1 ,53a2) regulate the output current of each inverter and the converter (6b) produces the DC voltage of the inverter.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves control of inverter and transformation efficiency of AC excitation machine.
(US6184543-B1)      The structure includes a silicon substrate (1) on which an optical semiconductor device (2) is mounted on the periphery of optical semiconductor device formation area (2). A V-shaped groove (12) is formed on the silicon substrate, to hold optical fibre.    USE -   E.g photo-diode.    ADVANTAGE -   Has reduced size and involves less number of processes for assembly.
(US5978533-A)      The substrate has several optical-component mounting chips (2) which are distributed in an array form. Each chip is provided with a guide groove (3) for fixing an optical component.    A scribe line (4) is straddled during the cutting and separation of the chips. Each guide groove is linked to a cutting groove (5) in which the scribe line is formed.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents generation of chip defect during cutting of substrate, thus optical component or optical semiconductor device can be reliably mounted to chip, thus improving reliability of device.
(JP11103040-A)      The image sensor assembly which mounts in an optical system includes photolithographically generated elements with a solid state image sensing device mounted directly on a circuit board substrate (10). The substrate has externally accessible reference features that are aligned with respect to at least one of the photolithographically generated elements.    The externally accessible reference features include at least two straight edges that are orthogonal to one another and used in aligning the circuit board to the photolithographically generated elements. The photolithographically generated elements are image sensing sites, bonding pads or dedicated registration marks.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases precision of aligning solid state image sensors on circuit board substrate.
(WO200019542-A1)      Thr system includes solar element panels (2,3) fixed to the roof tiles (5) of a building using a system of spacers (14) and brackets (20). The solar elements are set into a frame (9) and integral projections (11) locate in holes in the U shaped spacers for accurate positioning.    The brackets (20) pass between the panels and have a claw (27) that presses a clamp (31) against the panels. The underside of the brackets (23) fit between the tiles.    ADVANTAGE -   Is secure and easy to use.
(EP1011817-A1)      The exercise machine has a system of pulleys and weights that apply forces to a user through key points, e.g. hinges (34). These key points should be correctly aligned for each user to avoid injury. The key points are connected to a motorised system (114) that allows their position to be altered, e.g. closer or further apart. Each key point has a light source (116) that directs light (124) to a relevant point on the users body.    The user has a control button (118) that activates the motor and moves the key points until their light beam correctly illuminates the user's body. Alternately, reflectors (140) can be used to automate the process.    ADVANTAGE -   By adjusting the elements maximum benefit and minimum risk is obtained.
(TW344807-A)      A textural dial for a solar watch, which is a substrate formed of a film, which is characterized in that: the substrate is formed on a solar cell side thereby transmitting a portion of incident light to the metal film of the solar cell side.
(DE19710801-C2)      The covers can be fitted with a mutual distance and one cover has a reflection face on at least one side. The cover is movable with respect to the wall aperture and can be adjusted in one or more positions in random angular settings with respect to the ideal surface of the wall aperture.    The cover consists of flat panels slidably retained in a frame in front of the wall aperture and in an aperture side part. One cover end may be retained in the frame, while its other end is slidably retained in panels on both cover sides.    USE -   For solar energy generation via windows and facade.    ADVANTAGE -   Optimum solar energy guide both in winter and summer.
(JP2000077727-A)   NOVELTY - The power generating block house or more thermoelectric elements and has a thermoelectric generation unit (180) which contains a first heat transfer plate (120) constituting a heat absorbing plate and a second heat transfer plate (170) constituting a heat radiating plate. A heat conductor (244) made of a heat conducting material is abutted against the plate.    USE - For use e.g. a watch.    ADVANTAGE - Is small and thin, and whose thermoelectric generation unit capable of highly efficient electric power generation.    (JP3041357-B2)   NOVELTY - The power generating block house or more thermoelectric elements and has a thermoelectric generation unit (180) which contains a first heat transfer plate (120) constituting a heat absorbing plate and a second heat transfer plate (170) constituting a heat radiating plate. A heat conductor (244) made of a heat conducting material is abutted against the plate.    USE - For use e.g. a watch.    ADVANTAGE - Is small and thin, and whose thermoelectric generation unit capable of highly efficient electric power generation.    (EP1054505-A1)   NOVELTY - The power generating block house or more thermoelectric elements and has a thermoelectric generation unit (180) which contains a first heat transfer plate (120) constituting a heat absorbing plate and a second heat transfer plate (170) constituting a heat radiating plate. A heat conductor (244) made of a heat conducting material is abutted against the plate.    USE - For use e.g. a watch.    ADVANTAGE - Is small and thin, and whose thermoelectric generation unit capable of highly efficient electric power generation.
(JP3048553-B2)      NOVELTY - The medium (5) is provided between light receiving surface (4) and diffraction surface (7) situated in the space across light receiving surface. A section of the surface has light receiving apparatus (6) which contacts the medium. The refractive index of the medium is larger than the refractive index of exterior of light receiving surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for condensing type solar power generation module.    USE -   For condensing type solar power generation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   A condensing scale factor is enhanced and light optical utilization efficiency is obtained by the provision of medium between light receiving surface and diffraction surface. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains condensing type solar power generation apparatus. (4) Light receiving surface; (5) Medium; (6) Light receiving apparatus; (7) Diffraction surface.
(US6150601-A)   NOVELTY - A method for providing electric power in a well comprises applying a temperature gradient of the well across at least a pair of thermocouples of one or more thermoelectric devices (100) having an electric power output terminal.    USE - For generating electrical power for recharging battery packs used to power downhole electrical systems, system electronics, and other downhole devices or tools, or to power the same systems in its own right.    ADVANTAGE - Use of the thermoelectric device increases the life span of battery packs, resulting in less operational downtime. The thermoelectric device can supply high levels of electrical power over long periods of time for e.g. electronic sensors used to permanently monitor downhole parameters such as pressure and temperature data, etc. and to detect specialized and conventional subterranean formations The thermoelectric device is also relatively unaffected by hostile downhole environments which also reduce battery life.
(DE29824124-U1)   NOVELTY - A chimney-like heat-insulated and double-walled device with round cross-section for generating electrical energy by using waste heat or solar energy in the form of warm water, warm air, waste gases from firing plants or by simultaneous use of wind force has in the round inner cross- section of the device, several turbine wheels (20) lying above one another which are set into rotation by warm upwards flow. In the outer edge of the turbine wheel (21) which joins the individual turbine blades together, field magnets are embedded at certain distances. With rotation these generate direct current in copper wire windings that are mounted directly outside the inner cross-section in a cold air shaft (23).    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - Eco-friendly and effective conversion of industrial heat into electrical energy.
(EP1062689-A2)   NOVELTY - The solar cell device is assembled from a number of solar sub-cells (2) which are connected in series, formed in a semiconductor wafer (1), with slots (14) formed in the latter for defining the individual solar sub-cells, mechanically coupled together by narrow bridging sections (12) at the wafer edge.    USE - The solar cell device provides an electrical operating voltage for incorporation in a satellite, a small consumer item, e.g. a wrist watch or pocket calculator, or a portable calculator or mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell device has a reduced manufacturing cost.    (DE19980447-T)   NOVELTY - The solar cell device is assembled from a number of solar sub-cells (2) which are connected in series, formed in a semiconductor wafer (1), with slots (14) formed in the latter for defining the individual solar sub-cells, mechanically coupled together by narrow bridging sections (12) at the wafer edge.    USE - The solar cell device provides an electrical operating voltage for incorporation in a satellite, a small consumer item, e.g. a wrist watch or pocket calculator, or a portable calculator or mobile telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell device has a reduced manufacturing cost.
(EP1062701-A1)   NOVELTY - The device is made using long wire sections which are subsequently segmented.    USE - Manufacture of thermoelectric converter generating sufficient supply for low consumption devices, such as transistor radio receiver.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies process of mfr. of thermocouples when connected together in series.    (CN1286808-A)   NOVELTY - The device is made using long wire sections which are subsequently segmented.    USE - Manufacture of thermoelectric converter generating sufficient supply for low consumption devices, such as transistor radio receiver.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies process of mfr. of thermocouples when connected together in series.
(US6051776-A)      NOVELTY - The lens condenses the solar light on the solar battery cell (10) which performs photoelectric conversion of the solar light. The optical conductor (11) of the shape of cone trapezoid of large diameter forms as light receiving end face (11a) near the focus of the lens and is fixed to the surface of the solar cell. The output extraction is formed in the shape of comb.    USE -   For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Degradation in connection reliability is reduced by simplifying electric connection structure of solar battery cell by preventing unnecessary thermo-diffusion and hence increases photoelectric conversion efficiency. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional view of the condensing type solar generation apparatus. (10) Solar battery cell; (11) Optical conductor; (11a) Light receiving end face.
(US6086945-A)      NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon fine particle is deposited on a heat resistant substrate (11). A silicon thin film of thickness 3-30 m is formed on the substrate. The silicon film is heated and recrystallized so as increase mean diameter of silicon crystal.    USE -   For forming polycrystalline silicon thin film used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Materializes highly efficient and inexpensive solar battery by reduced raw material consumption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a schematic diagram of silicon thin film deposition apparatus. (11) Heat resistant substrate.
(EP1062425-A1)   NOVELTY - The system includes a pressure sensing structure e.g. a pressure transducer (10) or a combination of movable magnet and coil positioned below water level. The structure is at a location (20) to register changes in the height of the water (18,19). Electricity is produced corresponding to changes in the force of gravity associated with the changes of water height. One arrangement uses piezoelectric pressure transducers to convert the change in stress to output voltage. A transfer medium is connected to storage batteries (14) or an electrical load on shore.    USE - Provides an improved method of converting wave energy into electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Energy is produced on the sea bed, possibly buried in the sand, where it is protected from radical currents and attack by sea life, offering a relatively maintenance free energy source.
(EP1071881-A1)   NOVELTY - The position marker or buoy (1) which floats in water, comprises an elongated tubular body (3) with flotation unit (4) at the upper end. The floatation unit has a conical portion directed downwards. The lower part (5) of the tubular body is open and the upper part (7) narrows to an upper opening (8). The space (10) has an opening (11) to allow rain or ripples of water to escape. A light (12a) and/or diode lamps (12b) illuminate a water jet which is directed upwards from the upper opening. The light produced may be colored. Movement of the buoy on wave causes the jet and the light is lit only when a powerful water jet is produced and the diode lamps are lit only when smaller jets are produced. Solar cells or a turbo-generator energized by the jet may be used to power the lights.    USE - May mark shipping lanes, draw attention to advertising, gain wave energy, oxygenate water or provide a decorative fountain.    ADVANTAGE - Proves a self illuminating buoy with illumination switched on by jet of water providing visibility day and night.
(FR2784962-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar generator includes solar cells (5) and a carrier structure (1) which comprises a honeycomb kernel (2) lying between a lower and an upper cover (3a, 3b). Resonators are integrated into and/or coupled to the carrier structure. The resonators are preferably Helmholz resonators which are formed through a foil (4) and cavities (28) in the honeycomb kernel.    USE - solar collector panels in space satellites    ADVANTAGE - Reduces stress and/or danger to components through sound pressure, while keeping weight of arrangement low.
(JP11294311-A)   NOVELTY - The apparatus (10) uses vertical ducts each with an air chamber on it where an impulse turbine and an electric power generator are installed. The apparatus uses L-shaped ducts and floats with the latter each having a vertical square pillar and a vertical rear half cylinder attached, fixed onto the horizontal duct. The front mooring (60) comprises of a forked chain (61), weight (63), chains (64,66) and anchor (67).    USE - For providing a mooring type high performance wave power generating apparatus generating economical electric power for use in an island or on shore from wave power.    ADVANTAGE - Requires low mooring force to keep the apparatus on an offshore, while converting wave power efficiently to electric power.
(FR2776364-A1)   NOVELTY - Energy source is in the form of a thermoelectric converter having a semiconductor module (2) arranged between two heat conducting plates. The outer plate complete with heat exchanger is maintained at ambient room temperature, while the inner plate is at the liquid gas temperature. The thermoelectric energy is supplied to a temporary energy store, which supplies the level indicator.    USE - Gas level indicator for portable gas tanks.    ADVANTAGE - Current level indicators use an external battery power source. In order to maintain safe operation of, for example breathing apparatus, external batteries must be changed regularly which is costly and time consuming. By using a thermoelectric converter the need for an external power source is obviated as it obtained from the gas to ambient temperature difference.
(JP3163290-B2)      NOVELTY - Hot water from hot sprint and cold water from river are passed through mutually opposing hot water and cold water flow path (22,26) respectively, using difference in gradient. One end of a thermoelectric element (24) is thermally connected to hot water path, while the other end is thermally connected to cold water path. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electric power generation method.    USE -   For electricity generation using waste heat from machines such as engine, electric water heater, hot and cold water mixing device etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves electricity generation efficiency since fresh hot and cold water are used. The difference of elevation is used therefore pump is not needed. The flow direction of hot and cold water is different therefore the entire flow path have same temperature gradient which improves generation efficiency. Fins are provided to the sides of thermoelectric element therefore fluid flow is smooth and heat condition to thermoelectric element is also high, thus generation efficiency is improved prevents temperature reduction of hot water and temperature rise of cold water by providing heat insulation unit and hence power generation is performed efficiently. Prevents inhibition of heat conduction to thermoelectric element by air bubble. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross section of the temperature gradient electrical power generating device. (22,26) Hot and cold water flow path; (24) Thermoelectric element.
(JP11261115-A)   NOVELTY - The thermoelectric converting substance consists mainly of a substance expressed by a chemical formula of CoSbxQy, where x=2.7-3.4, y=0-0.4 and x+y is greater than 3, and containing oxygen in an amount z of 2(x+y-3)at mostz, wherein Q is an element of Group 4A selected from Sn and Ge. Pref. the amount of oxygen is not higher than 0.1 molecules/1 molecule of Co.    USE - A thermoelectric converting substance useful as a p-type semiconductor material in a thermoelectric converting module.    ADVANTAGE - The substance has a high performance over a wide temp. range, has a high electric conductivity and can readily be stably sintered with a small variation in chemical composition at low cost.    (US6235981-B1)   NOVELTY - The thermoelectric converting substance consists mainly of a substance expressed by a chemical formula of CoSbxQy, where x=2.7-3.4, y=0-0.4 and x+y is greater than 3, and containing oxygen in an amount z of 2(x+y-3)at mostz, wherein Q is an element of Group 4A selected from Sn and Ge. Pref. the amount of oxygen is not higher than 0.1 molecules/1 molecule of Co.    USE - A thermoelectric converting substance useful as a p-type semiconductor material in a thermoelectric converting module.    ADVANTAGE - The substance has a high performance over a wide temp. range, has a high electric conductivity and can readily be stably sintered with a small variation in chemical composition at low cost.
(JP11236870-A)   NOVELTY - The wind direction response mechanism of blades which does not need a wind direction follow-up by a windmill main body and is high in responsiveness is structured so that it converts a directional change of a wind direction supporting tail unit into the directional change of the blades. The mechanism is incorporated in a blade supporting arm to protect it and simplify the windmill and disposed to each blade for compactness, and windmill functions are expanded so that they can meet the requirements for increased revolution speed of the windmill.    USE - for using wind force energy.    ADVANTAGE - Effectively utilizes wind force energy by rotating its blades as a convenient and highly efficient windmill.
(US6265242-B1)      NOVELTY - Several photovoltaic cells of different characteristic attributes are combined to form photovoltaic cell module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module.    USE -   Used to convert solar energy to direct electric power.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces variation in characteristic attribute of photovoltaic cell module, thereby improving yield. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of the photovoltaic cell module.
(JP11274542-A)   NOVELTY - The solar array comprises a number of cells (12) separated by gaps (23). Kapton (RTM) insulation (20) adhesive is present between the conductive substrate and the cells and also between the gaps of cells, including part insulation of greater than 10 mm between series connected cells. Exposed surfaces of the solar cells are covered with glass. A spiral interconnection pattern, with diode protection from reverse current, is used to wire the array.    USE - The solar array is used for spacecraft e.g. satellite in geosynchronous orbit.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells are less susceptible to damage from discharge and also power output loss is minimized due to protection diodes, prohibiting reverse current through a shorted cell.    (US6248950-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar array comprises a number of cells (12) separated by gaps (23). Kapton (RTM) insulation (20) adhesive is present between the conductive substrate and the cells and also between the gaps of cells, including part insulation of greater than 10 mm between series connected cells. Exposed surfaces of the solar cells are covered with glass. A spiral interconnection pattern, with diode protection from reverse current, is used to wire the array.    USE - The solar array is used for spacecraft e.g. satellite in geosynchronous orbit.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells are less susceptible to damage from discharge and also power output loss is minimized due to protection diodes, prohibiting reverse current through a shorted cell.
(JP11304960-A)   NOVELTY - Thermoelectric elements (111) are surrounded by a frame (119), which has a heat-absorbing plate (112) fixed on one side and a heat-radiating plate (118) fixed on the other side. A heat-conducting shock absorber (121) is filled or placed between the thermoelectric elements (111) and the heat-absorbing plate (112) or the heat-radiating plate (118), so that the thermoelectric elements (111) are integrated into a unit structure. Electrodes (114a) at the extreme ends of the thermoelectric elements (111) connected in series are connected to heat-absorbing plate (112) and heat-radiating plate (118) to form a device for producing electromotive force.    USE - As thermoelectric unit.    ADVANTAGE - Has a structure of good thermal conduction efficiency, which prevents thermoelectric elements from damage due to external forces and facilitates the connection of its output with timepiece movements.    (US6259656-B1)   NOVELTY - Thermoelectric elements (111) are surrounded by a frame (119), which has a heat-absorbing plate (112) fixed on one side and a heat-radiating plate (118) fixed on the other side. A heat-conducting shock absorber (121) is filled or placed between the thermoelectric elements (111) and the heat-absorbing plate (112) or the heat-radiating plate (118), so that the thermoelectric elements (111) are integrated into a unit structure. Electrodes (114a) at the extreme ends of the thermoelectric elements (111) connected in series are connected to heat-absorbing plate (112) and heat-radiating plate (118) to form a device for producing electromotive force.    USE - As thermoelectric unit.    ADVANTAGE - Has a structure of good thermal conduction efficiency, which prevents thermoelectric elements from damage due to external forces and facilitates the connection of its output with timepiece movements.
(JP11317540-A)   NOVELTY - The corrugated solar collector panel defines an enclosed space with a building surface (10). A flat surface is defined by each of at least some of the panel corrugations (17). Each flat surface faces in the general direction of the sun during at least a portion of the daylight hours. At least part of the panel has several uniformly distributed apertures and includes at least a portion of the flat surfaces of the corrugations. Several flat photovoltaic cells (20) are mounted to the corrugations at the flat surfaces where the latter contain the apertures. The photovoltaic cells are supported parallel with and next to but spaced apart from the flat surfaces, leaving air passages (23) between the cells and the panel so air can enter and leave the enclosed space by flowing through the air passages and along the undersides of the photovoltaic cells.    USE - For converting solar energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Removes excess heat build-up from the photovoltaic cells, increasing solar cell lifetime.
(JP2000001124-A)   NOVELTY - A vehicle sun-roof solar panel has an adhesive joint between a plastic-framed transparent cover pane (1) and an interior panel edge sheet (3).    USE - As a vehicle sun-roof solar panel.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive bonded joint avoids contact between the interior edge sheet and the solar cell assembly and facilitates manufacture of the panel.    (US6283542-B1)   NOVELTY - A vehicle sun-roof solar panel has an adhesive joint between a plastic-framed transparent cover pane (1) and an interior panel edge sheet (3).    USE - As a vehicle sun-roof solar panel.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive bonded joint avoids contact between the interior edge sheet and the solar cell assembly and facilitates manufacture of the panel.
(JP3110398-B2)      NOVELTY - The metallic element which encourages crystallisation of silicon gas is introduced into reaction chamber (101). Then, fine crystal silicon film is formed by plasma crystal vapor deposition (CVD).    USE -   For solar battery and thin film transistor manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   As metallic element enhancing crystallisation of silicon gas is used, the film forming velocity is made quick and quality is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the plasma CVD apparatus. (101) Reaction chamber.
(JP3084521-B2)   NOVELTY - The device includes a thermoelectric generator (101), a solar generator (103), a switching device (104) for delivering at least one at electric power generated by the thermoelectric generator and electric power generated by the solar generator. An electrical storage device (105) is charged by output from the switching device. An electronic device (106) body circuit that is powered by the electrical storage device.    USE - In electronic wristwatches, portable communications devices, and domestic electrical appliances and, more particularly, to electronic devices fitted with power generators.    ADVANTAGE - Suppresses decreases in the electric power stored in an electric storage device of an electronic device having a thermoelectric generator
(JP2973996-B2)      NOVELTY - The heat released from the space craft is converted into electric power by a thermoelectric element (10) connected with an electric power controller arranged near the heat releasing surface (1a).    USE -   In solar battery of spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the thermoelectric element is arranged near the heat releasing surface of spacecraft, size reduction of the solar battery and thereby the spacecraft, is achieved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - - DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure represents the principal part expanded sectional view showing the electric power generation system of spacecraft. (1a) Heat releasing surface; (10) Thermoelectric element.
(US6288321-B1)   NOVELTY - Power source for an electronic device includes a hot surface and a cold surface separated by a thermoelectric thick film with an intervening multilayer conductive stack for drawing current from the thermoelectric material.    USE - As a power supply for small devices including consumer electronics. A specific device is a wristwatch where the wearer's wrist constitutes the hot side.
(US6287888-B1)      NOVELTY - The method involves forming two fine crystal semiconductor films (103,105a) and an amorphous semiconductor film (104) using identical glow discharge plasma discharge generators provided in identical reaction chambers. A photoelectric conversion layer is formed on one fine crystal semiconductor film (103). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method involves forming the first fine crystal semiconductor film (103) without adding N or P type determination impurity. The second fine crystal semiconductor film (105a) is formed without adding N or P type determination impurity after forming the amorphous semiconductor film. P type determination impurity is then injected and heated into the fine crystal semiconductor film (105a) from the surface of an electrode (106) provided close to the fine crystal semiconductor film (105a).    USE -   For forming e.g. solar battery, image input sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Forms P and N type fine crystal silicon films and amorphous silicon films continuously with maintained glow discharge plasma and using simplified plasma-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus. Forms pin junction without needing n type impurity. Improves process capacity in which gas introduction and discharge are unnecessary, and in which p and n type fine crystal silicon films and amorphous silicon films are formed simultaneously. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the photoelectric converter manufacture. (103,105a) Fine crystal semiconductor films; (104) Amorphous semiconductor film; (106) Electrode.
(CN1221205-A)      NOVELTY - A porous layer (12) is formed on the semiconductor substrate (11). The porous layer has semiconductor such as silicon and germanium or a gallium and arsenic or a gallium and phosphorus or a gallium and nitrogen on its one side. The impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in thickness direction.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the impurity concentration of the porous layer is varied in the thickness direction, the distortion of the porous layer caused by passing a large current can be prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view showing the components of the semiconductor substrate. (11) Semiconductor substrate; (12) Porous layer.
(US6117807-A)   NOVELTY - A process for forming ceramic composites of an oxygen-ion conducting ceramic (a) and an alkali metal-ion conducting ceramic (b). The process involves: (i) forming a shaped composite of a precursor ceramic of alpha alumina and/or gallium oxide and (a) and (ii) subjecting the composite to a vapour containing the metal oxide of an alkali metal.    USE - The ceramics are used as electrolytes in sodium sulphur batteries, alkali metal thermoelectric converters (AMTEC) and alkali metal sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The materials are formed without sintering avoiding increased grain size and grain boundary liquid phase. Processing time is shortened.
(CN1221224-A)      NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell module has several photovoltaic cells (101) electrically connected through a metal body (104). An insulation member (103) avoids contact between edge part of photovoltaic cells and the metal body.    USE -   For electrical connection.    ADVANTAGE -   Damage of photovoltaic cells is prevented by the insulated member that prevents contact of cell with metal body. Inspite of repeated bending while installing photovoltaic cell, reliability is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the photovoltaic cell module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (103) Insulation member; (104) Metal body.    (US6184457-B1)      NOVELTY - A photovoltaic cell module has several photovoltaic cells (101) electrically connected through a metal body (104). An insulation member (103) avoids contact between edge part of photovoltaic cells and the metal body.    USE -   For electrical connection.    ADVANTAGE -   Damage of photovoltaic cells is prevented by the insulated member that prevents contact of cell with metal body. Inspite of repeated bending while installing photovoltaic cell, reliability is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the photovoltaic cell module. (101) Photovoltaic cell; (103) Insulation member; (104) Metal body.
(JP3188864-B2)      NOVELTY - Electrodes (1a,1a') are distributed at preset intervals along a channel which intakes and outputs seawater. Power supply circuits (E1,TR1,D1,L1,C1,R1,Rs,RL,Edc) apply DC voltage between the electrodes, for a preset period, to produce electric pulse.    USE -   For impressing direct flow electric pulse in seawater, which is used as cooling water for heat exchanger in thermal power station, thereby preventing adhesion of shells to heat exchanger.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to provide fixed electric shock. Enables to effectively prevent adherence of shells. Enables to stop voltage application, when existence of human being or animal is detected near the electrode. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of direct electric pulse generator. (1a,1a') Electrodes; (E1,TR1,D1,L1,C1,R1,Rs,RL,Edc) Power supply circuits.
(JP11285166-A)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module generates an electrical output that is transmitted to a linear voltage regulator (21) that supplies a constant voltage DC output of 5 to 6 volts. This voltage is delivered to a sample and hold circuit (26) associated with a timer (27), to a window comparator (28), and to an LCD screen (22). The low power output from a sun sensor (24) is delivered to the sample and hold circuit where a resistor (30) and an operational amplifier (31) convert current output to a voltage signal. The timer can be adjusted to determine the frequency and duration of the voltage signal from the sample and hold circuit.    USE - Power supply for portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Disconnects load if voltage output falls below a predetermined minimum value.    (US6107998-A)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module generates an electrical output that is transmitted to a linear voltage regulator (21) that supplies a constant voltage DC output of 5 to 6 volts. This voltage is delivered to a sample and hold circuit (26) associated with a timer (27), to a window comparator (28), and to an LCD screen (22). The low power output from a sun sensor (24) is delivered to the sample and hold circuit where a resistor (30) and an operational amplifier (31) convert current output to a voltage signal. The timer can be adjusted to determine the frequency and duration of the voltage signal from the sample and hold circuit.    USE - Power supply for portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Disconnects load if voltage output falls below a predetermined minimum value.
(US6110651-A)      A manufacture of a polysilane pattern formation substrate comprises (1) forming a polysilane film onto a substrate, (2) selectively applying the light to the substrate in the presence of a solvent which does not solve polysilane and solves siloxane to form a pattern, (3) removing only siloxane by using a solvent which solves only the siloxane without solving the polysilane part of the substrate, and (4) completely removing the solvent from the substrate.    USE -   Effectively used in various kinds of printed wiring boards, a flexible switch, a battery electrode, a solar battery, a sensor, an integrated pattern, a housing for a motor etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The substrate having a polysilane pattern superior in accuracy can be formed at low cost and at high speed.
(GB2334701-B)   NOVELTY - The system has an electric generator (G) powered by wind driven rotor blades positioned behind a grill at the front of the vehicle. Generated electricity is directed to a controller (C) which is also connected to the vehicle batteries (B), via a voltage regulator, and the drive motor(s) and which regulates the flow of current to the batteries and/or the motor as required.    USE - For use with electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The generator system minimizes or eliminates the drain on the vehicle batteries.
(WO9937914-A1)   NOVELTY - The electromagnet system includes a rectangular electrical conductor coil (22) with the longer axis aligned with the water flow. Two tubular electrodes (21,25) enclose the conductor but are insulated electrically and thermally from the rectangular coil by a tubular casing. The annulus between the tubes and conductor can be made a vacuum to enable cryogenic cooling and superconduction in the coil. Field current leads (23) supply current to the magnet system and a magnetic field (B) is created when current flows in the coil.    USE - Converts kinetic energy in tidal and ocean currents into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The energy converter works without moving, mechanical engineering parts which simplifies maintenance, and provides a robust and reliable arrangement.    (EP1051570-A1)   NOVELTY - The electromagnet system includes a rectangular electrical conductor coil (22) with the longer axis aligned with the water flow. Two tubular electrodes (21,25) enclose the conductor but are insulated electrically and thermally from the rectangular coil by a tubular casing. The annulus between the tubes and conductor can be made a vacuum to enable cryogenic cooling and superconduction in the coil. Field current leads (23) supply current to the magnet system and a magnetic field (B) is created when current flows in the coil.    USE - Converts kinetic energy in tidal and ocean currents into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The energy converter works without moving, mechanical engineering parts which simplifies maintenance, and provides a robust and reliable arrangement.
(US6009707-A)   NOVELTY - The apparatus has a container (16) filled with a fluid, and a tank (2) with an inlet port (8) on a top side for receiving pressurized fluid from a naturally occurring source (42, 62) when the tank is at the top of the container and a drainage port (12) on a bottom side for draining the pressurized fluid when the tank is at the bottom of the container, so that the tank is caused to ascend, by buoyancy, to the top of the container. A belt (6), attached to the tank, is mounted for vertical movement such that the belt moves up and down as the tank ascends and descends in the container.    USE - Driving output shaft for generation of mechanical and electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Does not require energy to fill and empty the containers
(EP1034465-A1)   NOVELTY - Solar array comprises array (31) with sections (33,35,37,39), output bus (51), switches (43,45,47,49), switch controller (54) with a maximum power evaluator (59) and amplifier (57) outputting a signal specifying a signal proportional to the difference between the target voltage and the voltage on output bus (51). Controller (54) has two feedback loops and a rechargeable battery.    USE - System is for a space satellite which requires the maximum available power from an array subject to variations in temperature and illumination and deterioration during its lifetime.    ADVANTAGE - System enables maximum power to be made available by closing additional switches and enables maximum power point tracking without using a storage battery. It does not require complex control circuitry, reduces unnecessary heating of the satellite and only requires a low value capacitor at the output to maintain the voltage constant and noise-free during current or ripple changes.    (US6262558-B1)   NOVELTY - Solar array comprises array (31) with sections (33,35,37,39), output bus (51), switches (43,45,47,49), switch controller (54) with a maximum power evaluator (59) and amplifier (57) outputting a signal specifying a signal proportional to the difference between the target voltage and the voltage on output bus (51). Controller (54) has two feedback loops and a rechargeable battery.    USE - System is for a space satellite which requires the maximum available power from an array subject to variations in temperature and illumination and deterioration during its lifetime.    ADVANTAGE - System enables maximum power to be made available by closing additional switches and enables maximum power point tracking without using a storage battery. It does not require complex control circuitry, reduces unnecessary heating of the satellite and only requires a low value capacitor at the output to maintain the voltage constant and noise-free during current or ripple changes.
(WO9932402-A1)   NOVELTY - Silicon is induction melted and stirred, while directing a plasma onto the bath surface to eliminate impurities.    USE - To produce silicon for photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process permits industrial mass production of photovoltaic cell grade silicon (e.g. from metallurgical grade silicon) as well as doping of the silicon in a single installation.    (ZA9811644-A)   NOVELTY - Silicon is induction melted and stirred, while directing a plasma onto the bath surface to eliminate impurities.    USE - To produce silicon for photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process permits industrial mass production of photovoltaic cell grade silicon (e.g. from metallurgical grade silicon) as well as doping of the silicon in a single installation.    (EP1042224-A1)   NOVELTY - Silicon is induction melted and stirred, while directing a plasma onto the bath surface to eliminate impurities.    USE - To produce silicon for photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process permits industrial mass production of photovoltaic cell grade silicon (e.g. from metallurgical grade silicon) as well as doping of the silicon in a single installation.
(WO200065189-A1)   NOVELTY - The element has one or more horizontal, vertical or inclined lamellae (1), which are movably fixed, and which can be pivoted at least slightly about their longitudinal axes or fixed about these axes. The upper or lower sides of the lamellae carry at least one arrangement for generating an electrical voltage or current from incident light, or the lamellae consist of one or more such arrangements.    USE - Combines room shading with electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Converts excess light into electrical energy and enables particularly effective shading
(EP933818-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar module has a number of solar cells (11-14) connected in series, provided on a common substrate (1) using a thin-film technique, together with respective parallel diodes (21-24), with a projecting edge of each electrode layer (2,4) of a solar cell or diode providing an overlap zone (10,20) with the corresponding electrode layer of the adjacent diode or solar cell.    USE - The device is used as a photovoltaic energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The solar module is protected from damage when one of the solar cells is in shade.    (US6013870-A)   NOVELTY - The solar module has a number of solar cells (11-14) connected in series, provided on a common substrate (1) using a thin-film technique, together with respective parallel diodes (21-24), with a projecting edge of each electrode layer (2,4) of a solar cell or diode providing an overlap zone (10,20) with the corresponding electrode layer of the adjacent diode or solar cell.    USE - The device is used as a photovoltaic energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The solar module is protected from damage when one of the solar cells is in shade.
(RU2150170-C1)   NOVELTY - Nonelectrical energy is transformed into electrical energy by generation of electric charges (q) with high electric potential (Uin). Before accumulation, the charges are converted, resulting in an increase in their number to (Q) and a decrease in their electric potential to (Uout).    USE - In particular, for supplying power to microelectronic systems. The invention provides the possibility of the effective utilization and accumulation of electrical energy from piezoelectric and triboelectric converters of mechanical energy, charged particle radioactive sources, and other electrical charge generators.    ADVANTAGE - Effectiveness of electric power sources based on conversion of nonelectrical energy into electrical energy is substantially improved in comparison with known methods and apparatus.    (EP1050955-A1)   NOVELTY - Nonelectrical energy is transformed into electrical energy by generation of electric charges (q) with high electric potential (Uin). Before accumulation, the charges are converted, resulting in an increase in their number to (Q) and a decrease in their electric potential to (Uout).    USE - In particular, for supplying power to microelectronic systems. The invention provides the possibility of the effective utilization and accumulation of electrical energy from piezoelectric and triboelectric converters of mechanical energy, charged particle radioactive sources, and other electrical charge generators.    ADVANTAGE - Effectiveness of electric power sources based on conversion of nonelectrical energy into electrical energy is substantially improved in comparison with known methods and apparatus.
NOVELTY - The wave energy conversion system uses kinetic energy and potential energy of waves in the position based on difference of heights of the free surfaces of two tanks (1,3) set in a mole (7). A mole is located on the seaside (4), while the other is located in the sheltered area (3). A hydraulic turbine (8) is installed to pass water from one tank to another via a tubing system (2) with draining pressure.    USE - For use in converting into electric power from wave energy.    ADVANTAGE - The system is modeling making it possible to install several units in parallel alongside the mole.
(EP1036274-A1)   NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a non-variable buoyancy suitable for floating on the surface (5) of a body of liquid (4). Movement of the buoyancy caused by the wave motion (10,11) also generates a force exerted on an energy conversion unit. The forces exerted are utilized to give power for a variety of devices including electricity generation, water hydrolysis or desalination plants.    USE - For providing a point absorber wave energy converter .    ADVANTAGE - Provides an improved device for extracting energy from sea waves or a swell in a body of liquid.
(EP1036273-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydraulic circuit (10) is used to rectify the incoming power into a unidirectional form for delivery as a continuous flow of pressurized water for doing work. Two pontoons move relative to one another to activate a pump.    USE - For providing a wave powered prime mover of the type adapted to extract energy primarily from ocean swell. For use in a generator, turbine, reverse osmosis plant or similar.    ADVANTAGE - Alleviates the disadvantages associated with existing wave powered prime movers and provides an improved power takeoff and damping mechanism for it. Provides an improved power takeoff and damping mechanism for transforming incoming power, oscillating at a low frequency, into a high frequency oscillating form.    (CN1285896-A)   NOVELTY - A hydraulic circuit (10) is used to rectify the incoming power into a unidirectional form for delivery as a continuous flow of pressurized water for doing work. Two pontoons move relative to one another to activate a pump.    USE - For providing a wave powered prime mover of the type adapted to extract energy primarily from ocean swell. For use in a generator, turbine, reverse osmosis plant or similar.    ADVANTAGE - Alleviates the disadvantages associated with existing wave powered prime movers and provides an improved power takeoff and damping mechanism for it. Provides an improved power takeoff and damping mechanism for transforming incoming power, oscillating at a low frequency, into a high frequency oscillating form.
(US6091016-A)   NOVELTY - The assembly (20) has several panels (21-26) connected by hinges so that they can be unfolded from a zigzag shape to a flat state. Each panel is curved in a direction parallel to the panel edges to which the hinges are attached.    USE - The solar panel assembly is used in satellites.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the stiffness of the solar panel assembly.
(US6119979-A)   NOVELTY - The system comprises: (1) a high altitude platform containing a lifting gas; (2) a cyclical system for decreasing and increasing the buoyancy of the lifting gas in response to cyclically diurnal heating and nocturnal cooling by processing a recyclable energy containing storage material and (3) a solar energy system for obtaining solar energy to operate the cyclical system.    USE - Used for solar energy collection systems.    ADVANTAGE - The system does not require terrestrial fuel nor does it require for it consume its own lifting gas. Carrying aloft an energy source that does not naturally exist in the stratosphere limits the duration of flight because the system must land to refuel. The system does not vent lifting gas nor drop non re-acquirable ballast to maintain a constant altitude.
(JP11238896-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves: (a) preparing a sheet material for protective covering with an adhesion surface large enough to attach several solar battery bodies; (b) applying adhesive to at least one adhesion surface for protective covering of the solar battery bodies; (c) bonding the solar battery bodies to the sheet material; and (d) cutting the resulting solar battery bodies into a desired number of bodies covered with the sheet material.    USE - The solar battery is for use on e.g. a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - The method controls the leakage of adhesive.    (US6159757-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves: (a) preparing a sheet material for protective covering with an adhesion surface large enough to attach several solar battery bodies; (b) applying adhesive to at least one adhesion surface for protective covering of the solar battery bodies; (c) bonding the solar battery bodies to the sheet material; and (d) cutting the resulting solar battery bodies into a desired number of bodies covered with the sheet material.    USE - The solar battery is for use on e.g. a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - The method controls the leakage of adhesive.
(WO200047892-A1)   NOVELTY - The motor has two gears (12,24) mounted on shafts (16,28) in a frame that each have the inner end of a coil spring (36,56) attached to them. The gears are mechanically connected and the springs are wound in opposite directions so that potential energy is transferred back and forth in an oscillating fashion between the springs.    USE - For providing rotational mechanical power, which may be used to generate electricity.
(CN1222685-A)   NOVELTY - The low mechanical resistance joint allows individual cells to be snapped off without damaging them.    USE - Manufacture of electro-optical or photovoltaic cell batches.    ADVANTAGE - Only a single batch is needed to obtain cells with 3 substrates which can be easily individually divided cost effectively.    (JP11249106-A)   NOVELTY - The low mechanical resistance joint allows individual cells to be snapped off without damaging them.    USE - Manufacture of electro-optical or photovoltaic cell batches.    ADVANTAGE - Only a single batch is needed to obtain cells with 3 substrates which can be easily individually divided cost effectively.    (US6093578-A)   NOVELTY - The low mechanical resistance joint allows individual cells to be snapped off without damaging them.    USE - Manufacture of electro-optical or photovoltaic cell batches.    ADVANTAGE - Only a single batch is needed to obtain cells with 3 substrates which can be easily individually divided cost effectively.
(WO9925790-A1)   NOVELTY - The comminuted cellulosic is soaked in inorganic alkali solution. It is introduced into a conveyor (6), where it is heated to 250degreesC forming a foamed carbonaceous material, which is finely-ground. This is burned together with gases formed, in preheated air under reducing conditions, to produce a carbon monoxide-, hydrogen- and hydrocarbon-rich synthesis gas which is cooled and cleaned in a scrubber (9).    USE - To make synthesis gas from cellulosics, optionally producing electrical energy. The term cellulosics covers a wide range, e.g. wood, agricultural waste, straw, brush- or coppice wood, sludges, shells, stones, yeasts, vegetation, waste paper and card.    ADVANTAGE - The plant produces high quality synthesis gas and electrical energy from renewable, raw or waste materials. Heat and alkali are recycled in the process as described, for economical operation. The foamed cellulosic material produced is readily comminuted to fine size, for excellent entrainment into the rich combustion process forming gases. Quenching the gases, mitigates against dioxin formation.
(EP965164-A1)   NOVELTY - The power generator uses a spherical weight attached via a self releasing hook to a steel cable. The weight falls under gravity down a pair of guiding vertical transport shafts and in so doing unwinds a first steel cable whilst winding a second steel cable on a two part drum which is coupled to a flywheel generator. A plunger pushes the weight at the bottom of the shaft into a water filled return shaft and the weight floats to the surface. The cycle repeats and electricity is continually generated by the flywheel generator.    USE - Gravity powered electricity generation
(US5986203-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.    (EP1029367-A1)   NOVELTY - Solar cell roof tile has transparent glass front support layer, a transparent encapsulant ionomer layer, interconnected solar cells (110), and a flexible back skin layer (108b), composed of two olefinic ionomers, which is wrapped around the cells to contact the front support layer and form a frame (107). Stand-offs (121) on the frame create a space between the tile and an adjacent overlapping tile. A hole is provided in the frame and an electrical lead and a connector are embedded in the back skin layer.    USE - A solar cell roof tile which can be made and fitted more economically.    ADVANTAGE - The tile has a strong and weatherable backing which also provides a polymer frame providing an edge seal and eliminating any need for an aluminium frame or additional sealing materials. There is also no need for a scrim layer to remove air during lamination.
(JP2000075066-A)   NOVELTY - The watch has a chargeable storage member, an upper body (220) of heat conductive material and a back (226) of heat conductive material. A thermoelectric generation unit (180) includes a first heat conductive plate (120) incorporating one or more thermoelectric transducers (140) and constitutes a heat absorption plate, and a second heat conductive plate (170) acting as a heat dissipating plate. A flat heat conductor (244) contacts the second heat conductive plate. The upper body (220) has a protrusion protruding toward the back and allowing the conduction of heat between the upper body and heat conductor. A heat conductive spacer (320) contacts the first heat conductive plate and the inner surface of the back. The back is thermally insulated from the upper body by a lower body (224).    USE - A watch.    ADVANTAGE - Heat dissipating path is shortened and generation efficiency is high.    (EP1024415-A1)   NOVELTY - The watch has a chargeable storage member, an upper body (220) of heat conductive material and a back (226) of heat conductive material. A thermoelectric generation unit (180) includes a first heat conductive plate (120) incorporating one or more thermoelectric transducers (140) and constitutes a heat absorption plate, and a second heat conductive plate (170) acting as a heat dissipating plate. A flat heat conductor (244) contacts the second heat conductive plate. The upper body (220) has a protrusion protruding toward the back and allowing the conduction of heat between the upper body and heat conductor. A heat conductive spacer (320) contacts the first heat conductive plate and the inner surface of the back. The back is thermally insulated from the upper body by a lower body (224).    USE - A watch.    ADVANTAGE - Heat dissipating path is shortened and generation efficiency is high.
(DE19834089-C2)   NOVELTY - The solar collector (1) has an absorber pipe (4) through which a heat transfer medium is passed, enclosed by an elongate concentrator (2a) for focussing the incident solar radiation (3) onto the absorber pipe via a series of light deflection prisms (6). The concentrator tracks the movement of the sun, for maintaining its symmetry plane (9) parallel to he incident solar radiation, with a mirrored reflection surface (13) at the rear of the absorber pipe.    USE - For solar-thermic energy plant.    ADVANTAGE - The solar collector ensures maximum solar efficiency and uniform heating of absorber pipe.
(JP11141081-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves (a) determining an arrangement range in which the solar batteries can be arranged on a surface (b) determining an arranging direction of the modules (c) calculating the number of solar battery modules that can be arranged horizontally in the direction and within the range (d) combining modules of a line of not more than the calculated number to form a module group and (e) arranging the groups to set a center of the group within the determined range and near a line vertically dividing the surface in two parts    USE - The method is used to arrange rectangular solar batteries into an array for positioning on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - Optimally arranges batteries in an array.    (CN1219634-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves (a) determining an arrangement range in which the solar batteries can be arranged on a surface (b) determining an arranging direction of the modules (c) calculating the number of solar battery modules that can be arranged horizontally in the direction and within the range (d) combining modules of a line of not more than the calculated number to form a module group and (e) arranging the groups to set a center of the group within the determined range and near a line vertically dividing the surface in two parts    USE - The method is used to arrange rectangular solar batteries into an array for positioning on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - Optimally arranges batteries in an array.
(EP1023558-A1)      NOVELTY - A combuster, combusts waste material to generate high temperature exhaust gas which is introduced to a heat exchanger and heated further. The heated gas is then used as a heat source for heating steam to a superheated state used to drive a steam turbine coupled to a generator. The surface temperature of the heat exchanger heat transfer tubes is maintained at 700 degrees or higher.    USE -   For generating electric power at high efficiency from a high temperature and high-pressure steam produced using heat of gas generated from waste combustion.    ADVANTAGE -   The troubles of a heat exchanger caused by corrosion due to high-temperature molten salt are avoided. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow-diagram showing the system for generating electric power.    (CN1276048-A)      NOVELTY - A combuster, combusts waste material to generate high temperature exhaust gas which is introduced to a heat exchanger and heated further. The heated gas is then used as a heat source for heating steam to a superheated state used to drive a steam turbine coupled to a generator. The surface temperature of the heat exchanger heat transfer tubes is maintained at 700 degrees or higher.    USE -   For generating electric power at high efficiency from a high temperature and high-pressure steam produced using heat of gas generated from waste combustion.    ADVANTAGE -   The troubles of a heat exchanger caused by corrosion due to high-temperature molten salt are avoided. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow-diagram showing the system for generating electric power.
(WO9948150-A1)   NOVELTY - Before launching space craft, the reflector panels (14) made of aluminum or silver wrapped around the booms (18) and allows the solar panel (12) to generate power. After launch, the booms are extended at angle respective to solar panel with pulley (22) and wires (24) actuated, by torsion springs.    USE - For solar concentrator used in space craft.    ADVANTAGE - As reflector panels retracted and stowed, the size of solar concentrator is reduced. The solar concentrator is light in weight as reflector panels are made of thin plastic material coated with aluminum or silver.    (EP1078400-A1)   NOVELTY - Before launching space craft, the reflector panels (14) made of aluminum or silver wrapped around the booms (18) and allows the solar panel (12) to generate power. After launch, the booms are extended at angle respective to solar panel with pulley (22) and wires (24) actuated, by torsion springs.    USE - For solar concentrator used in space craft.    ADVANTAGE - As reflector panels retracted and stowed, the size of solar concentrator is reduced. The solar concentrator is light in weight as reflector panels are made of thin plastic material coated with aluminum or silver.    (CN1286804-A)   NOVELTY - Before launching space craft, the reflector panels (14) made of aluminum or silver wrapped around the booms (18) and allows the solar panel (12) to generate power. After launch, the booms are extended at angle respective to solar panel with pulley (22) and wires (24) actuated, by torsion springs.    USE - For solar concentrator used in space craft.    ADVANTAGE - As reflector panels retracted and stowed, the size of solar concentrator is reduced. The solar concentrator is light in weight as reflector panels are made of thin plastic material coated with aluminum or silver.
NOVELTY - When the car runs, air-resistance pressure passing through a louver-type cylinder (12), rotates the blades (2) attached to axes (1). Coils (14) with magnets interact with magnets attached to blades, to increase rotary force. A generator (5) converts rotary force to electric power. The cylinder has radius of gyration between 0.2l-0.5l where l' is the length between axe to blade.    USE - For generating electric power using air-resistance power to self-recharge battery in electric car.    ADVANTAGE - Interaction of coil and magnet attached to blade doubles the rotary force. The blades are arranged like cross, on the axes without smacking one another, for facilitating rotation of axes and generation of strong magnetic force. Magnetic flux leakage is reduced by using diamagnetic substance such as engineering plastics for axes, bearing etc. Enables increase in axes rotation and energy generation by cylinder, as a part of the electrical energy produced by power generator by converting rotary force, is again given to coil.
(JP11262282-A)      NOVELTY - Liquid phase operating medium (5) is provided at the lower part of the container. Solid electrolyte (31) is provided within region (21). Fine bristles (4) connect operating medium and electricity generating component (3).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The device includes container (2) partitioned into high and low pressure regions (21,22). High pressure region is arranged surrounded by low pressure region.    USE -   For electric power generation using thermoelectric conversion.    ADVANTAGE -   Container structure is simplified since container wall is separated from high pressure region and airtight state is achieved. Due to usage of fine bristles with simple structure, reliability is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows cross-sectional schematic diagram of thermoelectric conversion generating system.
(US5964216-A)   NOVELTY - The parabolic channel concentrator for a solar-thermal power station has a channel-shaped bent reflector plate (3) for focussing the incident solar radiation (S) and a carrier construction (4) for the reflector plate made out of several segments (2) arranged one behind another in the channel's longitudinal direction. Each segment is assembled from several frames (5) consisting of wood.    USE - For solar-thermal power station.    ADVANTAGE - Simple construction and inexpensive to install.    (DE19744767-C2)   NOVELTY - The parabolic channel concentrator for a solar-thermal power station has a channel-shaped bent reflector plate (3) for focussing the incident solar radiation (S) and a carrier construction (4) for the reflector plate made out of several segments (2) arranged one behind another in the channel's longitudinal direction. Each segment is assembled from several frames (5) consisting of wood.    USE - For solar-thermal power station.    ADVANTAGE - Simple construction and inexpensive to install.
(EP1029206-A1)      Having an attachment device (2) to fix each module to a building's surface like a roof, each one of several solar collector modules operates an active collector device (3)with a heat collector (30) and has a support panel with a top section forming the attachment device (2) and a bottom section as the heat collector. Each collector device has connectors for plugging into the connectors of an active collector device.    USE -   For heating a heat carrying medium using solar radiation to flow through a collector device. For attaching to buildings of all types.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar collector modules can be arranged in rows overlapping and staggered. Adjacent solar collector modules of overlapping rows from tight connector lines with collector devices. In this way, solar collector modules can be arranged on a roof or house frontage instead of tiles, so that they overlap like shingle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fitting of the present invention.    Active collector device (3), Attachment device (2), Heat collector (30).
(EP938630-A1)      The generator is positioned on a pier adjacent to water with waves. An empty plastics floater (1), filled with ballast and half immerged, is moved upwards and downwards by the action of the waves. The floater moves a vertical beam (2) which is attached to a bi-parallel metal lever (3) which transfers the energy to a saw (5) at the other end. The saw has two vertical chains (6) which rotate gears (7) to rotate a shaft (8) connected between them. The gears operate alternately with the non-operation gear moving freely.    USE -   For generating energy from wave motion.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides simple and inexpensive device which does not require preparation of the sea bed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The drawing shows a perspective of the invention. Floater (1), Metal beam (2), Bi-parallel lever (3), saw (5), Chains (6), Gears (7), Shaft (8).    (US6269636-B1)      The generator is positioned on a pier adjacent to water with waves. An empty plastics floater (1), filled with ballast and half immerged, is moved upwards and downwards by the action of the waves. The floater moves a vertical beam (2) which is attached to a bi-parallel metal lever (3) which transfers the energy to a saw (5) at the other end. The saw has two vertical chains (6) which rotate gears (7) to rotate a shaft (8) connected between them. The gears operate alternately with the non-operation gear moving freely.    USE -   For generating energy from wave motion.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides simple and inexpensive device which does not require preparation of the sea bed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS - The drawing shows a perspective of the invention. Floater (1), Metal beam (2), Bi-parallel lever (3), saw (5), Chains (6), Gears (7), Shaft (8).
(GB2331129-B)   NOVELTY - A wind turbine is place horizontally in a vertical tube. Hot air rising turns the blades and the electricity produced powers an electric fire for heating a house. Waste heat rising up the tube from the fire helps to increase the rotation of the blades.    USE - Generating electricity for household appliances, particularly an electric fire.    ADVANTAGE - The waste heat generated by the fire is used, thus making the wind turbine more environmentally friendly.
(JP11126916-A)   NOVELTY - Several unit cells are serially connected on a translucent insulating substrate. The transparent conductive film electrode (6) of each unit cell and the back electrode (8) of an adjacent unit cell are connected via a contact line (4). The contact line is formed by patterning by scribing the photoelectric conversion layer (5) using a laser beam. The wavelength of the laser beam exceeds 0.6 microns so that the side edges of the contact line is heated to be crystallized and made conductive.    USE - The solar battery is used to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing time by using long wavelength laser.    (US6184058-B1)   NOVELTY - Several unit cells are serially connected on a translucent insulating substrate. The transparent conductive film electrode (6) of each unit cell and the back electrode (8) of an adjacent unit cell are connected via a contact line (4). The contact line is formed by patterning by scribing the photoelectric conversion layer (5) using a laser beam. The wavelength of the laser beam exceeds 0.6 microns so that the side edges of the contact line is heated to be crystallized and made conductive.    USE - The solar battery is used to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces manufacturing time by using long wavelength laser.
(EP1013953-A1)   NOVELTY - The machine generating kinetic energy from offshore waves consists of a float (1) with a locator cable, a hydraulic pump (3) and an anchoring deadweight (4), a sea water storage tank (6) with link pipes (5,7), and a hydraulic turbine (8). An electrical generator (9) coupled to the turbine (8), a twin-pulley system (17), and a spindle (18) anchored on land, adapt to the tidal sea surface level changes.    USE - In machines capable of kinetic energy storage, for subsequent conversion to electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The simplified system gives continuous power generation.
(JP3155495-B2)       An indium oxide type transparent electroconductive film forming paste (P1) contains an indium salt of fatty acid (A) of formula (I) In(OCOR)3 (R = a 1-8C opt. branched alkyl gp.), a tin salt of fatty acid (B) of formula of Sn(OCOR')2(R' = a 1-8C opt. branched alkyl gp.) corresp. to a mol concn. of 0.01-0.3 times the mol concn. of (A), ethanolamine (C) corresp. to a mol concn. of 1-12 times the total mol concn. of (A) and (B), and a cellulose deriv. (D).    Also claimed is a glass plate (P2) that is coated with (P1) and has transparent electroconductive film on the surface obtd. by: (1) coating (P1) on a glass substrate and drying; and (2) baking at a temp. higher than or equal to 300C.    USE -   (P1) is suitable for forming transparent electroconductive films on surfaces of glass and ceramic substrates, partic. mfg.(P2). (P2) is suitable as a transparent electrode for various displays like liquid crystal displays, fluorescent display tubes and plasma displays, solar batteries, and touch panels, antistatic films, and antifreezing heaters and heat radiation reflection films for automobile and aeroplane windows.    ADVANTAGE -   Coating films formed from (P1) transmit visible light and show excellent electroconductivity. Additionally, (P1) has excellent storage stability and emits neither strong acid nor corrosive gas in film formation.
(JP11119105-A)   NOVELTY - An oval mirror (1) is directed down and positioned at a given elevation. Several heliostats (5) are arranged on the ground around the oval mirror. Each heliostat has a concave mirror (13) to reflect and converge the sunlight (L) onto the oval mirror. The sunlight reflected on the concave mirror is focused to a first focal point (f1) of the oval mirror and a second focal point (f2) of the oval mirror after reflection.    USE - The sunlight collection system is used for exploiting the radiation of sunlight as energy.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies construction by eliminating need to build tall tower with heat exchanger at its top.    (US5979438-A)   NOVELTY - An oval mirror (1) is directed down and positioned at a given elevation. Several heliostats (5) are arranged on the ground around the oval mirror. Each heliostat has a concave mirror (13) to reflect and converge the sunlight (L) onto the oval mirror. The sunlight reflected on the concave mirror is focused to a first focal point (f1) of the oval mirror and a second focal point (f2) of the oval mirror after reflection.    USE - The sunlight collection system is used for exploiting the radiation of sunlight as energy.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies construction by eliminating need to build tall tower with heat exchanger at its top.
(DE19743574-C2)   NOVELTY - The apparatus includes plate elements fastened on the building outer surface converting radiation energy into electrical energy. Reflection surfaces (3) are assigned to the plate elements and are fastened to the building outer surface below the plate elements and located at an angle to them.    USE - For energy extraction.    ADVANTAGE - Provides better efficiency.
(GB2330625-B)   NOVELTY - The system has an extended scoop (23) with swivel entry which faces automatically into the oncoming fluid flow. A valve is fitted in the bypass duct (28) which joins the top of the extended scoop, and a valve is fitted in the air admission duct, interposed between the entry turbine valve and the entrance to the turbine (26). The platform has hydraulic legs extending to the sea bottom foundations, which raise the system with the scoop duct, out of the sea during storms.    USE - For generation of relatively large levels of power using sea and river wave energy.    ADVANTAGE - Remains in position, and suffers less damage during stormy weather at sea. High efficiency.
(US6053441-A)   NOVELTY - Increases agitation by configuring and sizing stator lobes to reduce stator rotor interface (20) below 50% of its maximum possible value. Increases defibering effectiveness and recirculation flow rate stator lobes are configured and sized so the stator area at the interface exceeds 50% of its maximum possible value Lobe area changes are made so reliably acquire and reduce stock.    USE - For reducing and defibering machinery using improved pulper rotor stator that defibers a wide range of difficult materials that can increase selectively the agitation flow or defibering and recirculation flow of a stock.    ADVANTAGE - Uses interface that reduces in size large stock such as large sheets of shoe board and woven or natural cotton into flakes that can be further defibered without clogging.
(JP11179836-A)   NOVELTY - Deposited plastic film having a thin metal or metal oxide layer formed on surface of coating layer.    USE - In transparent conductive sheet used in liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, electromagnetic shielding panels, touch panels, electroluminescent (EL) panels, color filters, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent adhesion between base film and deposit layer and excellent gas-barrier properties after boiling treatment or printing.    (US2001016260-A1)   NOVELTY - Deposited plastic film having a thin metal or metal oxide layer formed on surface of coating layer.    USE - In transparent conductive sheet used in liquid crystal display devices, solar batteries, electromagnetic shielding panels, touch panels, electroluminescent (EL) panels, color filters, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent adhesion between base film and deposit layer and excellent gas-barrier properties after boiling treatment or printing.
(JP3019807-B2)      NOVELTY - A wiring material (21) is wired on the back side of the panel (1) so that the current, which should be supplied to the load and is generated in the solar cells (4), can flow in the direction and reverse direction of the current that flows in the solar cells.    USE -   For e.g. satellite.    ADVANTAGE -   Suppresses the magnetic moment, generated by the solar panel, by inexpensive and lightweight structure. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a sectional view of the principal-part structure of the solar panel of the solar power supply. (1) Panel; (4) Solar cells; (21) Wiring material.
(US5932885-A)   NOVELTY - Thermally integrated burner and emitter and recuperatory (100) for thermophotovoltaic electric generator achieves improved energy efficiency using either liquid or gaseous fuels. Uses ceramic and metallic alloy heat exchanger, together with a high temperature emitter to achieve increased energy density in compact and lightweight assembly.    USE - For providing thermally integrated burner and emitter and recuperatory for thermophotovoltaic electric PTV electric generator suitable for use with both liquid and gaseous fuels.    ADVANTAGE - Is simple in design, rugged in construction and economical to manufacture.
(JP11150287-A)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    (CN1216869-A)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.    (US6245987-B1)   NOVELTY - An underlying or substrate material is disposed on the back of a solar cell module outputting electricity through electric connecting members, where a non-contact space is provided between the connecting members and the substrate.    USE - Solar cell for generating power from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Good water-tightness and weatherability, ensuring long term reliability. The connecting members are prevented from cracking. Installation operation of the cells is improved.
(DE19850185-A1)   NOVELTY - The valve assembly contains butterfly valve (12) and an adjacent poppet type stop valve (16) arranged in the steam conduit (14). The butterfly valve consists of valve plate (24) bisected by pivot shaft (26) and allows steam through pipe in open condition.    USE - For steam inlet control in steam turbine in thermal power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents flow disturbances caused by butterfly valve from passing through to the stop valve, thereby ensuring uniform steam flow and preventing damage to turbine diaphragm, stationary and rotating blades. Filters out foreign particles from steam generator and from the piping, thereby preventing blowing of stop valve or causing damage to turbine. Facilitates positioning of valve assembly close to turbine, and so obviates need for long pipe lines, thereby reducing cost.    (JP11241603-A)   NOVELTY - The valve assembly contains butterfly valve (12) and an adjacent poppet type stop valve (16) arranged in the steam conduit (14). The butterfly valve consists of valve plate (24) bisected by pivot shaft (26) and allows steam through pipe in open condition.    USE - For steam inlet control in steam turbine in thermal power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents flow disturbances caused by butterfly valve from passing through to the stop valve, thereby ensuring uniform steam flow and preventing damage to turbine diaphragm, stationary and rotating blades. Filters out foreign particles from steam generator and from the piping, thereby preventing blowing of stop valve or causing damage to turbine. Facilitates positioning of valve assembly close to turbine, and so obviates need for long pipe lines, thereby reducing cost.
(US5961738-A)   NOVELTY - The solar array comprises a blanket having several solar power modules, each module having a backplane bounded by a pair of parallel lateral edges and a pair of longitudinal edges with a solar cell laid on the backplane.    USE - For powering satellite vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Scalable to provide for varying needs, provides high product yield, and resist inertial damaging forces.
(US5960813-A)      A valve controller has one or more solar cells for charging a large capacitor or capacitors, providing energy storage for continuous powering of a very low current single-chip computer-controlled controller, supplying power to latching solenoids of pilot operated valves (22,30,32). Programming the micro-controller is accomplished by magnetically actuating 'yes' and 'no' reed switches responding to prompts on a display. Independent claims are included for a solar operated control and solar operated valve.    USE -   Automatic control of sprinkler valves and other irrigation systems using valves with time-of-day controller.    ADVANTAGE -   Simple self-prompting programming of valve without using sealed mechanical valves.
(JP11068134-A)      A solar battery module comprises a solar battery cell with a surface material laminated to cover a surface of the cell. A photocatalyst layer is formed on the surface material.    USE -   Solar battery module capable of preventing/minimizing contamination of the surface material.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface of the module is self-cleaning and therefore avoids loss of irradiation energy of solar light to the solar battery, thus maintaining electric power generation for a long time.    (US6046403-A)      A solar battery module comprises a solar battery cell with a surface material laminated to cover a surface of the cell. A photocatalyst layer is formed on the surface material.    USE -   Solar battery module capable of preventing/minimizing contamination of the surface material.    ADVANTAGE -   The surface of the module is self-cleaning and therefore avoids loss of irradiation energy of solar light to the solar battery, thus maintaining electric power generation for a long time.
(EP995032-A1)      The sea turbine has several water wheels (16) which are connected to an elongated carrier (15) which is anchored in a water stream and extending vertically into the water stream. The carrier is symmetrical about a vertical central plane, preferably with a symmetrical wing shaped for use in a bidirectional sea stream.    The water wheels are arranged over and under the carrier, but may also be arranged between two parallel carriers. The carrier has ballast compartments (32,33) to control the buoyancy. The carrier has a central engine compartment (31) with the ballast compartments mounted on either side. The floor (35) of the engine compartment carries a rotational converter (36).    USE -   Turbines using sea streams to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be easily constructed for towing to site with minimal towering parts.    (CN1262719-A)      The sea turbine has several water wheels (16) which are connected to an elongated carrier (15) which is anchored in a water stream and extending vertically into the water stream. The carrier is symmetrical about a vertical central plane, preferably with a symmetrical wing shaped for use in a bidirectional sea stream.    The water wheels are arranged over and under the carrier, but may also be arranged between two parallel carriers. The carrier has ballast compartments (32,33) to control the buoyancy. The carrier has a central engine compartment (31) with the ballast compartments mounted on either side. The floor (35) of the engine compartment carries a rotational converter (36).    USE -   Turbines using sea streams to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be easily constructed for towing to site with minimal towering parts.
(US6071437-A)      The composition includes Ag powder and a metal chosen from among V, Mo and W, with an organic catalyst. The chosen metal is included at a rate of 0.2-16 wt parts for every 100 wt parts of Ag powder.    ADVANTAGE -   Promotes degree of sintering of Ag electrode. Avoids post processing like acid treatment.
(EP1010891-A1)      The system includes a pair of foils (2) which are arranged in the upstream side of the fluid flow so as to accelerate the fluid flowing through it. The foils have a camber which is varied using a threaded actuator (2b). A pair of vertical axis turbines (12) which have several vanes are arranged away from foils, at the down stream side.    The vanes of the turbines are driven by the flow of fluid. An electric motor (13) adjusts the position of the two turbines so as to expose a part of each turbine to the fluid. A pair of generators (7) are connected to the turbine, for applying electrical energy, where rotational energy is stored in a fly wheel (10).    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates variation of camber of foils which optimises fluid flow which supplies adequate torque to turbine which inturn prevents damage of turbine components. Facilitates generation of power even when speed of turbine slows down. Improves efficiency of turbine by shielding upwind or counter rotating side of turbine from fluid passing and driving the turbine. Enhances utilisation of energy contained in moving fluid steel by moving turbine relative to end of coil.
NOVELTY - An absorption aggregate (5,8,9,10) is heated by the district heating network. The aggregate is designed in view of power below the peak consumption.. When consumption exceeds design power, the temperature of water discharged to the boiler part (5) of the aggregate is raised by an external heat source . Part of this water is conducted to the heat source, where it is heated above the desired discharge temperature and then conducted back and mixed with the unheated water.    USE -   Producing cooling power for one or more buildings    ADVANTAGE -   Cuts power peaks in both heating and cooling when there is no space for tanks, compact, cost-effective DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the invention. (5,8,9,10) Absorption aggregate; (23) Heat exchanger; (26) External heat source e.g. boiler .
(EP988493-A1)      A curve (7) tracing the chosen desired reflector shape is extended further forwards and backwards and is preferably a hypothetical shape which can be suitably defined by a mathematical formula. The wall of the reflector extends between front and rear reflector edges (8,9) and the reflector member is positioned so that the maximum amount of annual solar irradiation is absorbed by an absorber (3). The front reflector portion (4) is on the front of a parabola with its focus in the upper edge (5) or the absorber and its symmetry axis is aligned with a chosen upper acceptance angle for the solar radiation.    The arc (6) extends between the lower edge of the absorber and a point (10) and has the same radius as the height of the absorber, while its centre coincides with a focal point (5) of the parabola. The reflector member is displaced forward or backward in relation to a reflector profile to provide the maximum amount of solar irradiation on the absorber.    USE -   Optimisation of solar panel of single-axis-concentrating type with a trough-shaped asymmetrical reflector    ADVANTAGE -   Optimisation of shape of reflector
(JP11102227-A)      The system converts an input voltage (11,12) into a second direct voltage and is applied to at least one electronic circuit (2). A thermoelectric device (3) converts the thermal energy generated during the operation of at least a first electronic device in the energy conversion system (4) and the circuit into a third direct voltage.    The third direct voltage is applied to the electronic circuit. The thermoelectric device comprises hot and cold surfaces separated by doped thermoelectric elements, electrically connected in series and thermally in parallel.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased global energy efficiency, reduced size and weight, reduced thermal stresses and energy consumption.    (US6096967-A)      The system converts an input voltage (11,12) into a second direct voltage and is applied to at least one electronic circuit (2). A thermoelectric device (3) converts the thermal energy generated during the operation of at least a first electronic device in the energy conversion system (4) and the circuit into a third direct voltage.    The third direct voltage is applied to the electronic circuit. The thermoelectric device comprises hot and cold surfaces separated by doped thermoelectric elements, electrically connected in series and thermally in parallel.    ADVANTAGE -   Increased global energy efficiency, reduced size and weight, reduced thermal stresses and energy consumption.
(TW344807-A)      A textural dial for a solar watch, which is a substrate formed of a film, which is characterized in that: the substrate is formed on a solar cell side thereby transmitting a portion of incident light to the metal film of the solar cell side.
(JP11273741-A)   NOVELTY - A working volume ratio of the positive active material and the negative active material obtained by the positive active material weight divided by the negative active material weight is 40%-90% of the theoretical working volume ratio.    USE - A lithium secondary battery for use for the drive motor of an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high safety as well as high energy density by controlling the working volume of an electrode active material, and the dispersion of the distribution of the working volume.
(EP1071573-A1)      The fuel cell system is a water and air system. A controller is arranged between the output of the starter battery or fuel cell stack and the input of the motor. When a defined fuel cell stack output operating voltage is reached the starting voltage delivered by the starter battery is interrupted and the system changes over to the output operating voltage of the fuel cell stack.    The controller is a DC/DC controller and the electric motor is a DC motor. The motor operating voltage corresp. to the voltage of the starter battery and the controller regulates the output voltage of the fuel cell stack to the motor operating voltage.    USE -   For motor vehicles, e.g. short distance vehicles (factory, building site) and busses.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplified w.r.t. operation of compressor and reduces construction costs and required space.
(EP1072060-A1)   NOVELTY - An anodic corrosion inhibiting agent is added to standard battery electrolyte solution which enhanced the solution and reduce corrosion and production of hydrogen gas. The new electrolyte solution comprises of anodic corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, sulfuric acid, and water.    USE - Lead-acid storage batteries having an enhanced electrolyte solution is used as a source of power to start internal combustion engines, electricity or generators.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced lead-acid storage batteries have a greater stability, thus, allowing the battery to remain idle for long periods of time without losing charge which improves the battery life. Production of hydrogen gas is reduced which will reduce the acid attack on the battery poles thus, reducing the chances of explosion under severe thermal conditions and corrosion at the battery poles is reduced. It is economical to manufacture.    (US6197451-B1)   NOVELTY - An anodic corrosion inhibiting agent is added to standard battery electrolyte solution which enhanced the solution and reduce corrosion and production of hydrogen gas. The new electrolyte solution comprises of anodic corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, sulfuric acid, and water.    USE - Lead-acid storage batteries having an enhanced electrolyte solution is used as a source of power to start internal combustion engines, electricity or generators.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced lead-acid storage batteries have a greater stability, thus, allowing the battery to remain idle for long periods of time without losing charge which improves the battery life. Production of hydrogen gas is reduced which will reduce the acid attack on the battery poles thus, reducing the chances of explosion under severe thermal conditions and corrosion at the battery poles is reduced. It is economical to manufacture.
(US6064178-A)   NOVELTY - The BCM (16) includes a microprocessor (17) for controlling a number of switches, has connections across and therefore can measure the voltage across each of the batteries (10A-10D). When switches (22A-22D/24A-24D) are closed, each capacitor (18A-18D) is placed in parallel with a respective battery and when switches (26A-26D/28A-28D) are closed, the capacitors are coupled in parallel with each other.    USE - For balancing the charges of a number of batteries for e.g. in an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Substantially reduces or avoids the need to provide charge currents to fully charged batteries. Charging can be performed energy efficiently and without generating substantial heat and does not have an adverse impact on the battery charging times. Does not depend on the vehicle being 'on charge' until all the batteries are fully charged for charge balancing to be performed, and does not discharge the battery immediately before charging.
(EP991593-A1)   NOVELTY - A lithium battery has a positive electrode active material comprising a lithiated or super-lithiated manganese oxide produced by manganese oxide reduction in a solution of a heavy alkoxide of lithium.    USE - As a secondary lithium battery e.g. for mobile telephones, video cameras, computers and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The battery operates at up to an upper terminal voltage of 3.5 V and has a greater cycling lifetime (700-1000 cycles) and energy density (130 Wh/kg) than the secondary lithium batteries described in US 5506068.
(JP11310402-A)   NOVELTY - The activity of a carbon monoxide-selective oxidation catalyst is increased and the temperature range of catalyst activity is expanded by changing the catalyst mixture from platinum downstream, through intermediate mixtures to ruthenium at upstream end.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides effective reduction of carbon monoxide concentration while maintaining the temperature of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas at the operating temperature of the fuel cells.
(WO9965725-A1)      The control system determines the stored power which can be tapped from the energy reservoir (1) and the power to be given out by the power source (2) from at least one charge limit, at least one discharge limit and a state of charge of the energy reservoir, a power source power limit and desired operating point, an instantaneous system output power and an optimisation criterion.    The one or more charging limits and discharge limits, the power limit and the desired operating point can be entered as parameters via a control system interface (5).    ADVANTAGE -   Can be universally used with number of hybrid systems.    (EP1087877-A1)      The control system determines the stored power which can be tapped from the energy reservoir (1) and the power to be given out by the power source (2) from at least one charge limit, at least one discharge limit and a state of charge of the energy reservoir, a power source power limit and desired operating point, an instantaneous system output power and an optimisation criterion.    The one or more charging limits and discharge limits, the power limit and the desired operating point can be entered as parameters via a control system interface (5).    ADVANTAGE -   Can be universally used with number of hybrid systems.
(US6117578-A)   NOVELTY - Ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide in a catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina component against recrystallization and inhibits carbon deposits on the wash coated surfaces.    USE - The fuel gas reformer assembly is used in fuel cell power plants to convert a fuel, i.e. natural gas into hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Lanthanum oxide in the catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina against recrystallization at high operating temperatures while the inclusion of ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide provides longer operational life to the assembly by hindering carbon deposition in the flow passages.    (EP1086505-A1)   NOVELTY - Ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide in a catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina component against recrystallization and inhibits carbon deposits on the wash coated surfaces.    USE - The fuel gas reformer assembly is used in fuel cell power plants to convert a fuel, i.e. natural gas into hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Lanthanum oxide in the catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina against recrystallization at high operating temperatures while the inclusion of ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide provides longer operational life to the assembly by hindering carbon deposition in the flow passages.
(US6100324-A)   NOVELTY - An ionomer comprises of methylene or methine units and a pendant groups of ionic radicals and is formed by addition of solvents.    USE - The ionically conductive composition is useful in batteries, fuel cells, electrolytic cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors and modified electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an ionically conductive composition of an ionomer. The films may be cast from solutions or dispersions of the precursor polymer by casting onto a substrate and coagulating. The ionomer formed has a conductivity of 10-7to10-6 S/cm when dry at room temperature.    (EP1082358-A1)   NOVELTY - An ionomer comprises of methylene or methine units and a pendant groups of ionic radicals and is formed by addition of solvents.    USE - The ionically conductive composition is useful in batteries, fuel cells, electrolytic cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors and modified electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an ionically conductive composition of an ionomer. The films may be cast from solutions or dispersions of the precursor polymer by casting onto a substrate and coagulating. The ionomer formed has a conductivity of 10-7to10-6 S/cm when dry at room temperature.    (US6268430-B1)   NOVELTY - An ionomer comprises of methylene or methine units and a pendant groups of ionic radicals and is formed by addition of solvents.    USE - The ionically conductive composition is useful in batteries, fuel cells, electrolytic cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors and modified electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an ionically conductive composition of an ionomer. The films may be cast from solutions or dispersions of the precursor polymer by casting onto a substrate and coagulating. The ionomer formed has a conductivity of 10-7to10-6 S/cm when dry at room temperature.
(EP1074082-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery includes a battery container with a battery case and a battery cover. The battery case has a closed bottom wall and an opposite open end. The battery cover closes the open end. The battery container defines an enclosed volume and an un-enclosed volume. The battery container encloses the enclosed volume, and the un-enclosed volume is located on the opposite side of the battery container relative to the enclosed volume. Several battery cells are located within the enclosed volume.    USE - For use in e.g. vehicles (car, truck, boat, aircraft etc.) for starting-lighting-ignition (SLI) functions. Also for vehicle power.    ADVANTAGE - Allows rapid, reliable and efficient battery connections.
(CN1233081-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.    (JP2000133291-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.
(JP2000077055-A)   NOVELTY - The lithium battery includes a battery case, and an internal electrode body that includes positive (2) and negative (3) electrodes with a separator (4) made of porous polymer. The two electrodes are wound or laminated so that the electrodes are not brought into contact with each other via the separator. The positive electrode uses aluminum foil as the base material, and the negative electrode uses copper foil. Current collecting tabs (5) are connected to the electrodes (2,3) and also to the battery terminals (11)    USE - Motor drive for electric vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Maintains good charge/discharge characteristics when subjected to a high output cycle operation.
(WO9921240-A1)      NOVELTY - A fuel cell (1) has a degasifying device (4) for the fuel which is passed to the cell. The cell has an ultrasound source (5) as a part of the degasifying device. The procedure for operating a fuel cell has the following steps: (a) gas found in the liquid fuel is dissolved away, (b) the liquid gas with the dissolved gas is passed to a container, (c) the passage of the liquid fuel with dissolved gas to the container takes place below the level of the liquid found in the container, (d) the fuel passed into the container is passed on from it to the fuel cell.    USE -   None given    ADVANTAGE -   Efficient fuel cell operation.
(US6045940-A)   NOVELTY - A battery casing with an improved electrolyte flow path includes a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the battery casing, formed of a rectangular wall surrounding a cylindrical wall having a small gap.    USE - Especially with a lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - An improved electrolyte flow path is provided when the battery is tilted onto any of its sides.    (US6110617-A)   NOVELTY - A battery casing with an improved electrolyte flow path includes a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the battery casing, formed of a rectangular wall surrounding a cylindrical wall having a small gap.    USE - Especially with a lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - An improved electrolyte flow path is provided when the battery is tilted onto any of its sides.    (EP1072059-A1)   NOVELTY - A battery casing with an improved electrolyte flow path includes a cover chamber for each cell opening in the top of the battery casing, formed of a rectangular wall surrounding a cylindrical wall having a small gap.    USE - Especially with a lead acid battery.    ADVANTAGE - An improved electrolyte flow path is provided when the battery is tilted onto any of its sides.
(US6094041-A)      A reference voltage circuit based on a bipolar transistor circuit (T1,T2a,T2b) for supplying a reference voltage (Uref) derived from a summed voltage of first and second voltages, also includes adjustment or compensation devices (Z1-Z3,M1-M10) for adjusting the reference voltage (Uref).    The adjustment/compensation devices (Z1-Z3,M1-M10) are arranged and designed so that they adjust the collector current (IC1,IC2a) of at least one bipolar transistor (T1,T2a) in the bipolar transistor circuit during activation of the pn-junctions of the transistors (T1,T2a) by forward voltages.    USE -   Integrated circuits.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables supplied reference voltage to be adjusted or set within given limits.
(WO9950101-A1)   NOVELTY - A restraint unit has a central controller (ZS) connected to several data processors (DV1,DV2) via a bus line (BL) for triggering one or more restraint devices (RH1, ... RHk). This allows a restraint to function if the current supply fails, since the central controller switches to a vehicle's battery voltage (UBA) and all data processors adjust their circuits to the level of the new voltage supply.    USE - In vehicles as equipment for airbags, kneebags, etc. for drivers and passengers. For improving the protection of passengers in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - If any defect occurs in the real current supply in the main control unit, then the vehicle's battery cuts in as a new voltage supply. This change in voltage supply is then signaled to all data processing units by the central control unit. These measures ensure that all restraints in a vehicle can still be kept safe even during a failure in the current supply expressly intended for the restraint unit.    (EP1066177-A1)   NOVELTY - A restraint unit has a central controller (ZS) connected to several data processors (DV1,DV2) via a bus line (BL) for triggering one or more restraint devices (RH1, ... RHk). This allows a restraint to function if the current supply fails, since the central controller switches to a vehicle's battery voltage (UBA) and all data processors adjust their circuits to the level of the new voltage supply.    USE - In vehicles as equipment for airbags, kneebags, etc. for drivers and passengers. For improving the protection of passengers in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - If any defect occurs in the real current supply in the main control unit, then the vehicle's battery cuts in as a new voltage supply. This change in voltage supply is then signaled to all data processing units by the central control unit. These measures ensure that all restraints in a vehicle can still be kept safe even during a failure in the current supply expressly intended for the restraint unit.
(EP1076674-A2)   NOVELTY - A sulfonated and nitrated aryl polymer, for example poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) can be prepared either by dissolving the polymer in concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature and treating with concentrated nitric acid, or dissolving in concentrated sulfuric acid, followed by dropwise addition of nitric acid, with increase in reaction temperature to 60degreesC after a specified time.    USE - The membranes are useful in fuel cells as a replacement for the very expensive perfluorinated Nafion-type ion membranes currently used.    ADVANTAGE - The membranes have high chemical and thermal stability, and the reagents used in the process avoid the high price of the previously used trifluoracetic acid anhydride and the explosion risk of ammonium nitrate.
(WO9946845-A1)   NOVELTY - A circuit arrangement for electrical energy supply of a network (105) which has a fuel cell (1) plus an accumulator arrangement (8) has, during the start process, electrical energy delivered from the accumulator arrangement. The electrical energy is fed during the start process from the accumulator arrangement via at least one DC/DC converter into the network. During the operation of the fuel cell (operation at normal rating), the DC/DC converter is connected so that the accumulator arrangement is supplied with electrical energy from the network. The DC/DC converter automatically discriminates the operation at normal rating from start operation and changes over accordingly.    USE - For supplying electrical energy to a network.    ADVANTAGE - simplified starting process of the fuel cell.    (EP1062716-A1)   NOVELTY - A circuit arrangement for electrical energy supply of a network (105) which has a fuel cell (1) plus an accumulator arrangement (8) has, during the start process, electrical energy delivered from the accumulator arrangement. The electrical energy is fed during the start process from the accumulator arrangement via at least one DC/DC converter into the network. During the operation of the fuel cell (operation at normal rating), the DC/DC converter is connected so that the accumulator arrangement is supplied with electrical energy from the network. The DC/DC converter automatically discriminates the operation at normal rating from start operation and changes over accordingly.    USE - For supplying electrical energy to a network.    ADVANTAGE - simplified starting process of the fuel cell.
(EP1097388-A1)   NOVELTY - The evolution of battery voltage is monitored to determine if the battery is at or approaching an equilibrium condition. The evolution of battery voltage is extrapolated to form an estimate of the equilibrium voltage. The charge stored in each storage region (T1-T3) is estimated based on specific coefficients and equilibrium voltage.    USE - For lead acid battery used in air-conditioners, radios, mobile telephones in automobiles. In battery driven vehicles such as electric cars, milk floats, wheelchairs, boats.    ADVANTAGE - The method employs hysteresis correction and charge acceptance correction, thus enabling estimation of charge state of battery.
(EP1062115-A1)   NOVELTY - The unit has a fuel cell (1), an energy store (2), e.g. a battery, an electric drive motor (3), electrical auxiliaries (4) and two supply circuits (5a,5b). By controlling switches (S6,S11,S12) at full load the battery can supply the auxiliaries, making the full output of the cell available for the motor or it can be supplied by cell and battery in parallel. During braking the battery can be charged with the cell driving the motor.    USE - Alternative source of power for cars.    ADVANTAGE - Improved mileage. Using two supply circuits the motor can be driven by the power source with the greater output. The battery can be recharged even under low braking conditions.
(JP2000082329-A)       NOVELTY - Electrolyte consists of a polymer having a sulfate group represented by a general formula (R1 -X)n where `R1' includes 1-20 hetero atoms such as N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, I, etc, and `X' is an organic residue containing N, O, S, and `n' is an integer more than or equal to 2. The polymer belongs to methylene, ethylene or propylene group.    USE -   For secondary battery or fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Exhibits high ionic conductivity, high proton conductivity and maintains stable conductivity over large temperature range and prolonged usage due to composition of electrolyte.
(DE19816918-A1)      An electrical system in which an electrical unit (1) is fed    via a converter (2) from a fuel cell (3). The converter (2)    includes a back-up capacitor (4), potential terminals (5,6) and switching terminals (7-9). The fuel cell (3) is connected via the potential terminals (5,6), and the electrical unit (1) via the switching terminals (7-9), to the converter (2) which includes switching valves (10-15) built from IGBT or GTO-thyristors connected in parallel with free-wheeling diodes (16-21).    A battery (25) is switchable to one of the potential terminals (5,6) and to one of the switching terminals (8,9), via an winding inductance (22,3;22,4) and a switch (26), e.g. a thyristor type relay, so that to start the fuel cell (3) via a compressor, the converter (2) can be operated as a high-side switch fed from the battery (25). The electrical unit is specifically designed as an electric motor with at least one motor winding (22-4), the electric motor more specifically being a three-phase-asynchronous motor.    USE -   For an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Fuel cell can be started with least possible additional units being required, e.g. starter motor.
(US6025696-A)   NOVELTY - The bypass module (22) comprises a sensor (34,40) for detecting an operating condition of a battery cell (24) such as voltage or temperature, and a controller (46) connected across the battery cell (24) of a lithium ion battery (26) and having conductive and non- conductive modes. The controller (46) changes the conductive mode when an operating condition of the battery cell exceeds a predetermined value, and shunts current around the faulty cell. The sensor (34,40) may be a thermistor for measuring cell temperature or a voltage comparator (40) for measuring cell voltage.    USE - For use with lithium ion batteries in space and automotive applications.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved battery cell management.    (JP2000083328-A)   NOVELTY - The bypass module (22) comprises a sensor (34,40) for detecting an operating condition of a battery cell (24) such as voltage or temperature, and a controller (46) connected across the battery cell (24) of a lithium ion battery (26) and having conductive and non- conductive modes. The controller (46) changes the conductive mode when an operating condition of the battery cell exceeds a predetermined value, and shunts current around the faulty cell. The sensor (34,40) may be a thermistor for measuring cell temperature or a voltage comparator (40) for measuring cell voltage.    USE - For use with lithium ion batteries in space and automotive applications.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved battery cell management.
(US5958088-A)   NOVELTY - The cell comprises a sealed prismatic housing with one convex arc side surface and containing an electrode stack of intercalated active materials which deforms to follow the convex arc to maintain contact pressure between the electrode sheets. The electrodes are separated by a porous sheet, the first electrode being coated with a lithiated metal oxide and the second coated with an active material containing carbon.    USE - E.g. for car batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Cell enables the required pressure to be maintained between adjacent electrode sheets and prevents excessive outward bowing of the housing broad sides.    (EP1060524-A1)   NOVELTY - The cell comprises a sealed prismatic housing with one convex arc side surface and containing an electrode stack of intercalated active materials which deforms to follow the convex arc to maintain contact pressure between the electrode sheets. The electrodes are separated by a porous sheet, the first electrode being coated with a lithiated metal oxide and the second coated with an active material containing carbon.    USE - E.g. for car batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Cell enables the required pressure to be maintained between adjacent electrode sheets and prevents excessive outward bowing of the housing broad sides.    (TW417323-A)   NOVELTY - The cell comprises a sealed prismatic housing with one convex arc side surface and containing an electrode stack of intercalated active materials which deforms to follow the convex arc to maintain contact pressure between the electrode sheets. The electrodes are separated by a porous sheet, the first electrode being coated with a lithiated metal oxide and the second coated with an active material containing carbon.    USE - E.g. for car batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Cell enables the required pressure to be maintained between adjacent electrode sheets and prevents excessive outward bowing of the housing broad sides.
(WO9952164-A1)   NOVELTY - Fluid flow channel is provided in fluid flow plate (400) divided into multiple coplanar fluid flow sub-plates (420). Each fluid flow sub-plate is electrically isolated from other fluid flow sub-plates. The fluid flow channel enables flow of fluid in between the sub-plates.    USE - For stacked fluid flow plates.    ADVANTAGE - Operates at relatively low temperature, thereby requiring less warm up time. Enables usage of non-conductive and conductive adhesives within fuel cell assembly as substitutes for gaskets, thereby reducing clamping force applied between end plates of fuel cell assembly.    (EP1070361-A1)   NOVELTY - Fluid flow channel is provided in fluid flow plate (400) divided into multiple coplanar fluid flow sub-plates (420). Each fluid flow sub-plate is electrically isolated from other fluid flow sub-plates. The fluid flow channel enables flow of fluid in between the sub-plates.    USE - For stacked fluid flow plates.    ADVANTAGE - Operates at relatively low temperature, thereby requiring less warm up time. Enables usage of non-conductive and conductive adhesives within fuel cell assembly as substitutes for gaskets, thereby reducing clamping force applied between end plates of fuel cell assembly.
(JP11266547-A)   NOVELTY - A prim. constant voltage circuit (20) is connected to a second power supply line (+B) which is supplied from a battery (BT) only when a relay (RLY) is closed. The constant voltage circuit supplies a third power supply line (DL) at a constant prim. voltage. An auxiliary constant voltage circuit (30) is connected to the battery to supply power to the third power supply line at a constant auxiliary voltage lower than the prim. voltage. A halt control circuit (40) enables operation of the auxiliary voltage circuit if power is supplied to the second power line and disables the auxiliary circuit if power is interrupted for more than a predetermined time.    USE - Allows for one supply line to supply power continuously and a second line to supply power only when a switch is closed.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies power to various pieces of apparatus and circuits in a highly stable and accurate manner using a relatively small ECU.    (US6084384-A)   NOVELTY - A prim. constant voltage circuit (20) is connected to a second power supply line (+B) which is supplied from a battery (BT) only when a relay (RLY) is closed. The constant voltage circuit supplies a third power supply line (DL) at a constant prim. voltage. An auxiliary constant voltage circuit (30) is connected to the battery to supply power to the third power supply line at a constant auxiliary voltage lower than the prim. voltage. A halt control circuit (40) enables operation of the auxiliary voltage circuit if power is supplied to the second power line and disables the auxiliary circuit if power is interrupted for more than a predetermined time.    USE - Allows for one supply line to supply power continuously and a second line to supply power only when a switch is closed.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies power to various pieces of apparatus and circuits in a highly stable and accurate manner using a relatively small ECU.
(EP1060014-A1)   NOVELTY - Educt and product streams are fed spirally or radially to and from a central reaction region of a micro-reactor. Thermal losses from the reaction region to the surroundings are minimized by feeding the educt and product streams in a spiral or radial manner in one or more planes to and from the reaction region which is located at the center of the micro-reactor.    USE - The micro-reactor is useful for in-situ small scale production of substances which are not practicable for mass production and/or transport, e.g. in fuel cell and/or automobile technology.    ADVANTAGE - The micro-reactor is very compact and provides heat transfer from the product stream(s) to the educt stream(s) for achieving much higher reaction temperatures so that it can be used for gas phase reactions at high temperature (especially above 500 degrees C).
(DE19906305-A1)   NOVELTY - The arrangement has auxiliary batteries (15) or accumulators associated with individual or grouped loads (17-21) which can be connected via a charging circuit and a changeover circuit to a main battery, esp. the vehicle battery (11) or generator. In normal operation the load or groups of loads is/are connected to the auxiliary battery. If the auxiliary battery fails or discharges a changeover (14) is made so that the loads or a group of loads is or are supplied from the main battery.    USE - For supplying electrical power for electronic loads in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures timely availability of a charged replacement accumulator or battery in the event of failure or discharge of a vehicle battery for a safety-relevant load.    (EP1056623-A1)   NOVELTY - The arrangement has auxiliary batteries (15) or accumulators associated with individual or grouped loads (17-21) which can be connected via a charging circuit and a changeover circuit to a main battery, esp. the vehicle battery (11) or generator. In normal operation the load or groups of loads is/are connected to the auxiliary battery. If the auxiliary battery fails or discharges a changeover (14) is made so that the loads or a group of loads is or are supplied from the main battery.    USE - For supplying electrical power for electronic loads in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures timely availability of a charged replacement accumulator or battery in the event of failure or discharge of a vehicle battery for a safety-relevant load.
(JP2000060027-A)   NOVELTY - A battery (10) is connected to a load (11) via a cable (13). A voltage detector (27) detects fluctuation in the input voltage to the load and a comparator (28) compares the detected value with reference value. An auxiliary capacitor (26) is connected in parallel with compensating capacitor (12) via a switching circuit (25) which is controlled by comparator output.    USE - For batteries used in automobiles such as cars to suppress voltage drop.    ADVANTAGE - As compensation capacitor is provided, it sufficiently suppresses the voltage drop when the variation in voltage falls within the settings. As the switching circuit is provided, the auxiliary capacitor is connected in parallel with compensating capacitor when the voltage variation exceeds the already set value. The excessive voltage drop is controlled effectively by auxiliary and compensating capacitors.
(GB2336028-B)   NOVELTY - A box has four sides (5) with ventilation openings (9). The total area of the openings measured in a vertical plane parallel to the side is at least 1320 mm2 per kilowatt hour of the total capacity of the battery within the container. Each opening has a maximum width of 12 mm. The lid (4) has several apertures (18) and at least one drainage channel (20) with edges directed up beneath the apertures. The vertical distance between each edge and the lid is a maximum of 12 mm. The total open area, measured vertically between the edges and the lid is at least 850 mm2 per kilowatt hour of the total capacity of the battery.    USE - For e.g. the power source of a vehicle such as a fork-lift truck used in a hazardous environment such as a mine.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the size of the battery container.    (US6197447-B1)   NOVELTY - A box has four sides (5) with ventilation openings (9). The total area of the openings measured in a vertical plane parallel to the side is at least 1320 mm2 per kilowatt hour of the total capacity of the battery within the container. Each opening has a maximum width of 12 mm. The lid (4) has several apertures (18) and at least one drainage channel (20) with edges directed up beneath the apertures. The vertical distance between each edge and the lid is a maximum of 12 mm. The total open area, measured vertically between the edges and the lid is at least 850 mm2 per kilowatt hour of the total capacity of the battery.    USE - For e.g. the power source of a vehicle such as a fork-lift truck used in a hazardous environment such as a mine.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the size of the battery container.
(DE19810556-C1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a voltage converter (75) between two electrically conducting end plates (56,86) and electrically connected to each in a first region (61,91), which is locally isolated from a second region of the end plates (60,90) with a direct electrical connection to an electrolyte/electrode unit (70,71) and contact with chemical reactants. The two regions of the end plates are separated by seals (50).    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Very compact fuel cells can produce increased output voltages.
(DE19815455-A1)   NOVELTY - A combined electrolytic and fuel cell, comprising an oxygen electrode, a hydrogen electrode and a solid electrolyte membrane, has a multi-component oxygen electrode catalyst which contains oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation components.    USE - As a combined polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell (at a terminal voltage of less than 1.01 V) and water electrolysis cell (at a terminal voltage of more than 1.48 V) for electric vehicles (to provide energy storage during braking and energy supply during acceleration), for use as an emergency current supply, for compensating voltage fluctuations in mains supplies, for energy storage in space travel and as a teaching aid.    ADVANTAGE - The combined cell operates at low overvoltages, can be constructed from inexpensive carbon materials, can be switched between the two functions (electrolysis/fuel cell operation) within a few milliseconds and performs cycles with equalized charge/discharge balance without water circulation.
(WO9945172-A1)   NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is obtained by electrolysis using hollow micro-fibers as solid electrolytes, the internal and external surfaces of which support the anodes and cathodes.    USE - To produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The volume required to carry out the reaction is extremely small and can be carried out on board a motor vehicle that may be driven by the fuel cell.    (EP1066417-A1)   NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is obtained by electrolysis using hollow micro-fibers as solid electrolytes, the internal and external surfaces of which support the anodes and cathodes.    USE - To produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The volume required to carry out the reaction is extremely small and can be carried out on board a motor vehicle that may be driven by the fuel cell.    (ZA9901624-A)   NOVELTY - Synthesis gas is obtained by electrolysis using hollow micro-fibers as solid electrolytes, the internal and external surfaces of which support the anodes and cathodes.    USE - To produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - The volume required to carry out the reaction is extremely small and can be carried out on board a motor vehicle that may be driven by the fuel cell.
(US5981099-A)   NOVELTY - The valve (25) efficiently ejects gas from the battery at a relatively low pressure differential while preventing the ejection of liquid from the battery along with the gas. The battery operates at conditions where there is normally no pressure differential or where pressure in the battery is lower than the outside air pressure. Valve is free flowing only in direction from battery to outside.    USE - For regulating pressure within battery, in particular sealed batteries used in vehicles and as communications standby power systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides for valve and its seal to be a single unit.
(JP2000103622-A)       NOVELTY - The solution comprises bismuth antimonate of a general formula HSb1-x Bix O3-x nH2O, where x is 0-0.5 and n is 0-10. The solution contains bismuth liquefied in cubic antimonic acid.    USE -   As solid electrolyte in hydrogen gas sensor and hydrogen fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -    The solution has a high proton conductivity of about 10-3 Scm-1which is determined by the quantity of bismuth in the solution. The solution can be synthesized easily and economically.
(DE19807644-A1)   NOVELTY - The vehicle has two accumulators (A1,A2) in series and a charge compensation circuit (LAE) for balancing the charge states of the accumulators with an arrangement (R,K) for detecting the charge compensation current flowing between the output (Aus) of the charge compensation device and the junction (V) of the accumulators and activating an optical signaling device (LED) depending on the magnitude of the current.    USE - For motor vehicles with two accumulators.    ADVANTAGE - Enables simple, cost-effective testing of the functionality of a charge compensation device.
(EP1055275-A1)   NOVELTY - Two voltage ranges (U1,U2) are provided, between which the parallel-wired voltage converters lie. Only one of the voltage converters is designed as an active one and the other (n-1) converters corresponding to the necessary load demand work either in full-load or idle operation. The first converter or a further converter takes over the voltage control in part-load operation.    USE - Especially in multi-voltage supply network in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the power of DC converters by controlled parallel operation of several individual converters.    (CN1290417-A)   NOVELTY - Two voltage ranges (U1,U2) are provided, between which the parallel-wired voltage converters lie. Only one of the voltage converters is designed as an active one and the other (n-1) converters corresponding to the necessary load demand work either in full-load or idle operation. The first converter or a further converter takes over the voltage control in part-load operation.    USE - Especially in multi-voltage supply network in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the power of DC converters by controlled parallel operation of several individual converters.
(EP1047631-A1)   NOVELTY - A reformer reactor which liberates hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels including alcohol, with carbon dioxide, water, and carbon monoxide as by-products. The hydrogen produced by the reactor can be electrochemically combined with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electric power.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon fuels.    (US6245303-B1)   NOVELTY - A reformer reactor which liberates hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels including alcohol, with carbon dioxide, water, and carbon monoxide as by-products. The hydrogen produced by the reactor can be electrochemically combined with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electric power.    USE - For use in producing hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon fuels.
(EP1047629-A1)   NOVELTY - A pretreatment process for catalyst materials, especially methanol reforming catalysts, comprises: (a) a forming step involving exposure to a hydrogen-containing gas mixture followed by; (b) a deactivation step involving exposure to an oxygen-containing gas mixture.    USE - For the pretreatment of catalysts with a tendency to shrink in the reactor, especially catalysts used in methanol reforming reactions, e.g. to obtain hydrogen in fuel cell-operated motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Pretreatment is repeated until there is no further shrinkage, so that no significant loss of catalyst volume/mass occurs during prolonged operation in the reactor. There is therefore no loss of reactor performance, no need to top up the catalyst level, no overheating due to reduced heat requirements in endothermic reactions and no flaking in catalyst layers.
(US6236216-B1)      NOVELTY - A thermistor (13) of the temperature detector (3) operates with the voltage of a stabilized low-output power supply (11). Based on the resistance value of the thermistor, the temperature detector monitors the temperature of a high-power battery (2b). A voltage detector (5) monitors the terminal voltage of the battery. The temperature detector and voltage detector are provided in one unit.    USE -   For detecting temperature and terminal voltage of battery for motor of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces size by providing temperature detector and voltage detector in one unit. Reduces generation of noise by insulating high-power group and low-power group. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the temperature and voltage detection unit. (2b) High-power battery; (3) Temperature detector; (5) Voltage detector; (11) Stabilized low-output power supply; (13) Thermistor.
(US6227322-B1)      NOVELTY - Circumferential side wall of battery cover covering upper portion of external frame accommodated with battery, is joined to a flange in inclined manner. The moulding between side wall and lateral surface of flange is carried out in inclined way, using a sealant inbetween and a clip.    USE -   For accommodating batteries in electrical vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Interference with flange of battery frame top circumference and floor frame is avoided, thus improvement in battery mounting workability is attained. As resin sealant is provided between floor frame and external frame, fastener is not needed during mounting to car body, thus mounting is performed easily. Water resistance property of frame structure is improved as the joint is coated with resin sealant. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of battery frame structure. External frame; Flange; Battery cover; Circumferential side wall; Clip; Sealant.
(JP11329468-A)      NOVELTY - The lamination structure seal unit is different from that of the electrolyte unit. A spacer (22) with thickness equal to that of the sealing unit frame is made to contact an electrolyte board.An electrolyte board is interposed between an anode and a cathode provided in the electrolyte unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A sealing unit by multilayer frame to seal a fuel gas supplied to an electrolyte unit and an oxidizing agent gas. The fuel gas and the oxidizing agent gas are separated by a partition plate (3). The electrolyte unit and the seal unit are formed by an identical material.A gas passage way formation member is provided with the electrolyte unit.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Enhances life of battery. Reduces size of battery to reduce cost of battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures shows vertical side view of fuel battery. (3) Partition plate; (22) Spacer.
(JP11307123-A)   NOVELTY - The problem of liquid electrolyte flammability in lithium secondary batteries is overcome by using a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having such a ratio of its ion nonconductive/lithium ion conductive solvents that the electrolyte has no flash point in the JIS-K2265 test.    USE - In electric cars or power storage systems utilizing lithium secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hazards such as explosion, ignition and smoke emission due to heating, overcharging and short circuits are avoided as battery is nonflammable even at high temperatures.    (US6210835-B1)   NOVELTY - The problem of liquid electrolyte flammability in lithium secondary batteries is overcome by using a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having such a ratio of its ion nonconductive/lithium ion conductive solvents that the electrolyte has no flash point in the JIS-K2265 test.    USE - In electric cars or power storage systems utilizing lithium secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hazards such as explosion, ignition and smoke emission due to heating, overcharging and short circuits are avoided as battery is nonflammable even at high temperatures.    (US2001010877-A1)   NOVELTY - The problem of liquid electrolyte flammability in lithium secondary batteries is overcome by using a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having such a ratio of its ion nonconductive/lithium ion conductive solvents that the electrolyte has no flash point in the JIS-K2265 test.    USE - In electric cars or power storage systems utilizing lithium secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hazards such as explosion, ignition and smoke emission due to heating, overcharging and short circuits are avoided as battery is nonflammable even at high temperatures.
(EP981851-A1)   NOVELTY - The method involves indirectly measuring the temp. of at least one battery (13,18) in a motor vehicle on-board network by determining the temp. of defined components. The temp. of the battery is computed using a model in which at least the engine temp. and the ambient temp. are taken into account. The model is set up using fuzzy logic, whereby the engine and ambient temp. values are defined as fuzzy variables, evaluated and included in a suitable combination matrix from which the battery temp. is derived.    USE - For determining the temp. of a motor vehicle battery.    ADVANTAGE - More accurate determination of the battery temp. is achieved than with conventional methods.
(US6120939-A)   NOVELTY - A separator for a lead-acid battery comprises a non-woven mat of thermally bonded melt blown thermoplastic polymer fibers, at least 10 % of which have a diameter of less than one micron. The mat pore size is less than three microns.    USE - As a battery separator, especially for lead-acid batteries (claimed) of SLI and industrial types    ADVANTAGE - The separators have a low resistance, less than 50 mohm-cm2 and a puncture resistance of more than 8N.    (EP1048090-A1)   NOVELTY - A separator for a lead-acid battery comprises a non-woven mat of thermally bonded melt blown thermoplastic polymer fibers, at least 10 % of which have a diameter of less than one micron. The mat pore size is less than three microns.    USE - As a battery separator, especially for lead-acid batteries (claimed) of SLI and industrial types    ADVANTAGE - The separators have a low resistance, less than 50 mohm-cm2 and a puncture resistance of more than 8N.
(US6042753-A)   NOVELTY - Active material for the positive electrode of an alkaline storage battery comprises nickel oxide or hydroxide powder with a coating layer of nickel hydroxide containing aluminum in the form of a solid solution and-or a co-precipitate.    USE - For positive electrodes in alkaline storage batteries. For mobile communication devices, for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Presence of the aluminum in the coating layer in solid solution or co-precipitate form provides high packing density, high charging efficiency at high temperatures and/or excellent charge and discharge characteristics, as well as improving the battery discharge voltage and high rate discharge performance.
(JP11233132-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cells (14) held between separators (16,18). The stack of cells are held between a pair of end plates (58,60). Against one of the end plates is a liquid chamber (62). This is filled with a silicone oil (64). At the wall at the other end, a spring force (66) is applied to press the fuel cells towards the oil filled chamber.    USE - Fuel cell retaining structure.    ADVANTAGE - Provides the correct pressure on the fuel cells with a simple and inexpensive structure.    (US6258475-B1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cells (14) held between separators (16,18). The stack of cells are held between a pair of end plates (58,60). Against one of the end plates is a liquid chamber (62). This is filled with a silicone oil (64). At the wall at the other end, a spring force (66) is applied to press the fuel cells towards the oil filled chamber.    USE - Fuel cell retaining structure.    ADVANTAGE - Provides the correct pressure on the fuel cells with a simple and inexpensive structure.
(US6117807-A)   NOVELTY - A process for forming ceramic composites of an oxygen-ion conducting ceramic (a) and an alkali metal-ion conducting ceramic (b). The process involves: (i) forming a shaped composite of a precursor ceramic of alpha alumina and/or gallium oxide and (a) and (ii) subjecting the composite to a vapour containing the metal oxide of an alkali metal.    USE - The ceramics are used as electrolytes in sodium sulphur batteries, alkali metal thermoelectric converters (AMTEC) and alkali metal sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The materials are formed without sintering avoiding increased grain size and grain boundary liquid phase. Processing time is shortened.
(US6054228-A)   NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises an array of cells, where the cathode of one cell shares its conductive element with the anode of an adjacent cell, thus establishing electrical connection between the cells.    USE - For the production of hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water, or the generation of electricity using a fuel gas or liquid mixture and an oxidizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is lightweight, has improved power density, and has a modular construction, so that it can be configured to meet the power requirements of specific applications. Fewer moving parts reduce maintenance and avoid breakdowns.    (EP1025605-A2)   NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises an array of cells, where the cathode of one cell shares its conductive element with the anode of an adjacent cell, thus establishing electrical connection between the cells.    USE - For the production of hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolysis of water, or the generation of electricity using a fuel gas or liquid mixture and an oxidizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is lightweight, has improved power density, and has a modular construction, so that it can be configured to meet the power requirements of specific applications. Fewer moving parts reduce maintenance and avoid breakdowns.
(US6220383-B1)      NOVELTY - An electric motor (5) having winding wire coated with an insulator, actuates a fan (3) which blasts air into a secondary battery (2). The battery, fan and the motor are accommodated in a case (6) having an inlet (7) and outlet (8) for air. A partition (9) isolates the battery and fan, and the electric motor.    USE -   For electric vehicle e.g. hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Air blown by fan reduces the heat generated in the secondary battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model diagram of battery apparatus. (2) Secondary battery; (3) Fan; (5) Electric motor; (6) Case; (7) Inlet; (8) Outlet; (9) Partition.
(TW398095-A)      NOVELTY - The lattice object of negative electrode of the battery is made larger than that of the positive electrode.    USE -   For lead storage battery used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has high durability, good discharge cycle and stable output characteristics.
(TW405276-A)      NOVELTY - The plate of lead storage battery filled with collector consists of gratings with active material. Negative electrode grating division area is small compared with positive electrode grating division area.    USE -   For lead storage battery for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers lead storage battery excelling in high discharge life cycle, since negative electrode grating division area is small compared with positive electrode grating division area.    (US2001012589-A1)      NOVELTY - The plate of lead storage battery filled with collector consists of gratings with active material. Negative electrode grating division area is small compared with positive electrode grating division area.    USE -   For lead storage battery for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers lead storage battery excelling in high discharge life cycle, since negative electrode grating division area is small compared with positive electrode grating division area.
(DE19755813-C2)   NOVELTY - The unit is heated from a cold start. In a first phase, at pressure below normal working level, POX (partial oxidation of hydrocarbon) operation of the reformer (1) is initiated.    USE - To start up a reformer producing hydrogen from methanol, to feed fuel cells of an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The plant reaches its running temperature as rapidly as possible, and at little cost. Hydrogen is produced early and introduced in the fuel cells for fast getaway.
(DE19805142-C2)   NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell (2) has two elements (4, 6) joined together by joint layer (10) including a metal solder layer (14).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Compared with a conventional glass-solder joint, the solder joint has a higher tensile strength (100-200 N/mm2 or more), exhibits good absorption of mechanical stresses, is almost completely resistant to the fuel cell reagents, is insensitive to differential pressures of up to 200 mbar and is resistant to ejection from the joint region, thus allowing long term fuel cell operation.
(DE19881977-T)   NOVELTY - The apparatus uses fuel cells with proton-conducting electrolytes and integrated hydrogen gas production the fuel cells each have an opening which form the hydrogen distribution channel over which the hydrogen gas distribution is provided into individual fuel cells. A tension rod for holding the fuel cells together in the fuel cell stack is also arranged in the openings.    USE - For converting energy using fuel cells (1) with proton-conducting electrolytes and with integrated hydrogen gas production.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified apparatus for the production of hydrogen.
(US6094927-A)      NOVELTY - Ventilation paths (39,47L,47R) formed inside a battery box (9) supply cool air from fan (40) respectively to battery (10) and electrical components (45,46) arranged inside the box. The cross-sections of the component ventilation paths (47L,47R) are made smaller than that of the ventilation path (39) that cools battery.    USE -   For cooling battery and console panel components in electric car.    ADVANTAGE -   Both battery and electrical components are cooled effectively, by maintaining low and high air flow rates. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal sectional view of battery box. (9) Battery box; (10) Battery; (45,46) Electrical components(39,47L,47R) Ventilation paths.
(GB2334701-B)   NOVELTY - The system has an electric generator (G) powered by wind driven rotor blades positioned behind a grill at the front of the vehicle. Generated electricity is directed to a controller (C) which is also connected to the vehicle batteries (B), via a voltage regulator, and the drive motor(s) and which regulates the flow of current to the batteries and/or the motor as required.    USE - For use with electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The generator system minimizes or eliminates the drain on the vehicle batteries.
(EP1047578-A1)   NOVELTY - The circuit uses two batteries with control to ensure adequate energy for preheating.    USE - Supply of electric heater for heating the catalytic converter prior to starting the motor.    ADVANTAGE - Enables preheating of catalytic converter, without risk of preventing vehicle starting after battery discharge.
(FR2774215-A1)   NOVELTY - A sealed one-piece battery has side cooling compartments with fluid circulation grooves extending at an obtuse angle to the battery partition plane.    USE - As a fluid-cooled sealed one-piece storage battery, e.g. a lead, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, nickel-zinc or lithium-carbon storage battery, especially for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling system is more efficient and compact than prior art systems, the design providing increased mechanical strength of the walls to permit use of a wall thickness of not more than 2.5 mm to promote cooling efficiency.    (JP11273752-A)   NOVELTY - A sealed one-piece battery has side cooling compartments with fluid circulation grooves extending at an obtuse angle to the battery partition plane.    USE - As a fluid-cooled sealed one-piece storage battery, e.g. a lead, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, nickel-zinc or lithium-carbon storage battery, especially for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling system is more efficient and compact than prior art systems, the design providing increased mechanical strength of the walls to permit use of a wall thickness of not more than 2.5 mm to promote cooling efficiency.    (US5985483-A)   NOVELTY - A sealed one-piece battery has side cooling compartments with fluid circulation grooves extending at an obtuse angle to the battery partition plane.    USE - As a fluid-cooled sealed one-piece storage battery, e.g. a lead, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, nickel-zinc or lithium-carbon storage battery, especially for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling system is more efficient and compact than prior art systems, the design providing increased mechanical strength of the walls to permit use of a wall thickness of not more than 2.5 mm to promote cooling efficiency.
(EP1048104-A1)   NOVELTY - The power supply consists of the normal vehicle battery (54) and a solar panel (13) which is an integral part of the vehicle roof and supplies energy to the air conditioning fan motor (4). The motor can also be powered by the battery, and no converting devices are required between the solar panel and the motor. Solar panels with higher voltage output can also be used to achieve a significant decrease of energy dissipated by the system.    USE - Battery or solar panel supply for vehicle air conditioning fan motor    ADVANTAGE - Does not require expensive components    (CN1281594-A)   NOVELTY - The power supply consists of the normal vehicle battery (54) and a solar panel (13) which is an integral part of the vehicle roof and supplies energy to the air conditioning fan motor (4). The motor can also be powered by the battery, and no converting devices are required between the solar panel and the motor. Solar panels with higher voltage output can also be used to achieve a significant decrease of energy dissipated by the system.    USE - Battery or solar panel supply for vehicle air conditioning fan motor    ADVANTAGE - Does not require expensive components
(US6204769-B1)      NOVELTY - The setting concentration judging unit (17) outputs an alarm signal when concentration of hydrogen discharged from battery is beyond predetermined value and causes dispersion equipment (23) to spread the gas. The setting concentration judging unit (18) outputs alarm signal when hydrogen concentration goes beyond predetermined value larger than the previous one.    USE -   In electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Alarm signal is not generated in case of temporary excessive hydrogen gas evolution at the time of sudden acceleration. Excessive accumulation of hydrogen gas is prevented as it is diffused. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is the composition block diagram of battery management apparatus. (17,18) Setting concentration judging units; (23) Dispersion equipment.
(JP11219714-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell contains gaskets, at the circumferential part of the unit cell, alternately stacked with each other, with separator between, and comprising elastomer layer and adhesive layer.    USE - As polymer electrolyte fuel cell, using furl in form of pure hydrogen or reform hydrogen obtained from methanol or fossil fuel as reducing agent, and using air or oxygen as oxidizing agent.    ADVANTAGE - Since the gasket is adhered to separator, mispositioning of gasket during the assembling of the cell stack is prevented. Olefinic rubbers, used in elastomer layer of the gasket, are less expensive than fluoro-rubbers and silicone rubbers, and have excellent weather resistance.
(DE19757077-C2)   NOVELTY - A slurry is laid down and hardened to form a porous sheet (1). During hardening a magnetic or electrostatic force field (5) is applied perpendicular to the sheet so that capillaries (2) take the shortest path between the surfaces (1a, 1b).    USE - Porous sheets for the manufacture of electrodes for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Short capillary paths improve fuel cell performance.
(EP1031177-A1)   NOVELTY - Central unit is divided into structurally separate junction modules (2) each connected to its own cable branch (4) and capable of independent current control. Each junction module (2) includes the power supply elements of a cable branch and the central unit is provided with the elements for the reception and transmission of communication. High level communication is established between the junction modules (2). The intelligence required for the load specific operating control is decentralised to connecting sockets (3) present in the cable branches (4).    USE - In motor vehicle current supply systems.    ADVANTAGE - Load is reduced and the communication bus operational reliability is increased.
(US5985113-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    (JP2000070706-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.    (US6194335-B1)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive ceramic electrolyte element (10,10') comprises tubes with a closed end and an open end, extending from a first surface of a tube support part. The second surface is at least partially open to the atmosphere, as are the open ends of the tubes.    USE - As an oxygen generator or fuel cell (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Increased active surface area per unit volume and weight of ceramic material. The electrical connections to the electrodes are simplified, and the modular configuration allows a simple building block approach to meet differing requirements.
(US6189948-B1)   NOVELTY - The electrically-operated sunblind has an elongate housing (34) containing a horizontal roller (32) onto which a sunblind material (31) is wound and a pair of pivoted lever arms (4) secured to a rail (33) extending along the leading edge of the sunblind material. The roller is rotated by an electric motor (21) with movement of the lever arms away from the housing for one direction of rotation and towards the housing for the opposite direction of rotation, the energy for the motor provided by a solar cell collector plate (221).    USE - The sunblind is used for screening the rear window of the automobile for shielding the passengers from direct sun.    ADVANTAGE - The use of solar energy for providing electrical operating energy for the sunblind prevents drainage of the vehicle battery.
(US6072300-A)      NOVELTY - A judgment unit (4) judges the abnormal module battery (M) that is to be exchanged, based on cell (C) that is judged to be abnormal by another judgment unit (3). The calculator (6) computes mean voltage value of normal module battery based on cell no load voltage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The no load voltage (Vcn) of the cells (C) of the module battery (M) in group battery (B) is detected by a calculator (2). The judgment unit (3) judges deviation in normal operating state of each cell based on calculated no load voltage. Another judgment unit (5) judges the group battery that is to be exchanged, when number of abnormal module batteries exceeds reference value.    USE -   For group battery used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates automatic detection of abnormal module battery. Simplifies exchange of abnormal module battery and reduces corresponding exchange time. Enables easy battery tuning during module battery exchange by calculating mean voltage value of normal module battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of diagnostic apparatus. (1) Battery state diagnostic apparatus; (2,6) Calculators; (3-5) Judgment units; (B) Group battery; (C) Cell; (M) Module battery.
(JP11243035-A)   NOVELTY - The capacitor includes two electrodes with belt-like electricity collecting material having an electrode layer, and separators between the electrodes. A winding core has the electrodes and separators wound on it. Two electricity collecting plates are in contact with the electrodes. Both ends of the winding core are in direct or indirect contact with the collecting plates.    USE - For driving power source for driving vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced variation in electrical resistance due to avoiding variation in pressure at core. High capacitance density due to use of smaller contacts. Easy to manufacture due to structure.    (JP11251190-A)   NOVELTY - The capacitor includes two electrodes with belt-like electricity collecting material having an electrode layer, and separators between the electrodes. A winding core has the electrodes and separators wound on it. Two electricity collecting plates are in contact with the electrodes. Both ends of the winding core are in direct or indirect contact with the collecting plates.    USE - For driving power source for driving vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced variation in electrical resistance due to avoiding variation in pressure at core. High capacitance density due to use of smaller contacts. Easy to manufacture due to structure.    (US6222720-B1)   NOVELTY - The capacitor includes two electrodes with belt-like electricity collecting material having an electrode layer, and separators between the electrodes. A winding core has the electrodes and separators wound on it. Two electricity collecting plates are in contact with the electrodes. Both ends of the winding core are in direct or indirect contact with the collecting plates.    USE - For driving power source for driving vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced variation in electrical resistance due to avoiding variation in pressure at core. High capacitance density due to use of smaller contacts. Easy to manufacture due to structure.
(JP11162485-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cells of the solid polyelectrolyte type in which the solid polyelectrolyte membrane has a controlled water content which is higher next to the negative electrode than to the positive electrode, in relation to the thickness of the membrane.    USE - As small, lightweight sources of energy, e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost, high-power fuel cell in which the catalytic action of the membrane and hence the power output of the cell is increased by controlling the water content of the membrane. The effect of this is to promote back-diffusion of water from the positive electrode so as to compensate for the loss of water from the negative electrode and prevent excessive wetting of the positive electrode.    (JP11176456-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cells of the solid polyelectrolyte type in which the solid polyelectrolyte membrane has a controlled water content which is higher next to the negative electrode than to the positive electrode, in relation to the thickness of the membrane.    USE - As small, lightweight sources of energy, e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A low-cost, high-power fuel cell in which the catalytic action of the membrane and hence the power output of the cell is increased by controlling the water content of the membrane. The effect of this is to promote back-diffusion of water from the positive electrode so as to compensate for the loss of water from the negative electrode and prevent excessive wetting of the positive electrode.
(WO9960633-A2)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has gas feed lines, one or both of which contains a wetting and/or cooling liquid distributor connected to a sonic wave generator.    USE - In electric traction (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The liquid distributor provides uniform dosed moistening and/or cooling with high liquid (preferably water, optionally with additives such as wetting agents) usage efficiency, produces minimal increase in the fuel cell stack weight and size and is inexpensive to fit in the stack.    (EP1086503-A2)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has gas feed lines, one or both of which contains a wetting and/or cooling liquid distributor connected to a sonic wave generator.    USE - In electric traction (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The liquid distributor provides uniform dosed moistening and/or cooling with high liquid (preferably water, optionally with additives such as wetting agents) usage efficiency, produces minimal increase in the fuel cell stack weight and size and is inexpensive to fit in the stack.
(EP1036421-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (30) is fed by apparatus including a fuel delivery device (40) incorporating a motor controller, pump (42) with reciprocating piston (48). A reformer system (20) connected to the pump outlet includes a vaporizer (22) which converts the fluid into a gas and so generates a back pressure with respect to the pump. The back pressure has a random component and varies with fluid flow rate.    USE - Positive displacement pump delivers fuel and/or water to fuel cell using direct oxidation of hydrogen-containing fuel for production of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an inexpensive, improved apparatus for delivery of fuel to a fuel cell against randomly variable back pressure .    (US6280867-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (30) is fed by apparatus including a fuel delivery device (40) incorporating a motor controller, pump (42) with reciprocating piston (48). A reformer system (20) connected to the pump outlet includes a vaporizer (22) which converts the fluid into a gas and so generates a back pressure with respect to the pump. The back pressure has a random component and varies with fluid flow rate.    USE - Positive displacement pump delivers fuel and/or water to fuel cell using direct oxidation of hydrogen-containing fuel for production of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an inexpensive, improved apparatus for delivery of fuel to a fuel cell against randomly variable back pressure .
(US6057053-A)   NOVELTY - The tie rod (60) passes through a collar (65) fitted within a central opening of a load disk (84). Alternatively the collar and load disk may be fabricated as a single unit. The tie rod also passes through a stack of partially compressed disk springs (66) fitted between the load disk and a compression end plate (12). The components and threaded nut (64) press the end plate (12) towards the manifold end plate (14). Preferably, multiple disk springs are arranged in series to increase the range of deflection.    USE - Applies internal compressive force to fuel cell assemblies as the internal fluid pressure or fuel cell thickness varies.    ADVANTAGE - Provides for a fuel stack incorporating a compression assembly having a lower spring rate in the stack compression direction and a higher, or substantially infinite, spring rate in the stack expansion direction.    (EP1034575-A1)   NOVELTY - The tie rod (60) passes through a collar (65) fitted within a central opening of a load disk (84). Alternatively the collar and load disk may be fabricated as a single unit. The tie rod also passes through a stack of partially compressed disk springs (66) fitted between the load disk and a compression end plate (12). The components and threaded nut (64) press the end plate (12) towards the manifold end plate (14). Preferably, multiple disk springs are arranged in series to increase the range of deflection.    USE - Applies internal compressive force to fuel cell assemblies as the internal fluid pressure or fuel cell thickness varies.    ADVANTAGE - Provides for a fuel stack incorporating a compression assembly having a lower spring rate in the stack compression direction and a higher, or substantially infinite, spring rate in the stack expansion direction.
(JP11146566-A)   NOVELTY - The power source unit (1) has a first power source (11) connected between two input terminals (a, b) of a current control circuit (13). A second power source (12) and an inverter (21) are connected across the output terminals (c, d) of the control circuit (13). The first power source may be a DC generator while the second power source may be a condenser. Energy transfer is performed between the main power source (11), the parallel connecting circuit of the second power source (12), and the power inverter (21).    USE - Control power supply for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced energy loss during power transfer.    (US6265853-B1)   NOVELTY - The power source unit (1) has a first power source (11) connected between two input terminals (a, b) of a current control circuit (13). A second power source (12) and an inverter (21) are connected across the output terminals (c, d) of the control circuit (13). The first power source may be a DC generator while the second power source may be a condenser. Energy transfer is performed between the main power source (11), the parallel connecting circuit of the second power source (12), and the power inverter (21).    USE - Control power supply for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced energy loss during power transfer.
(WO9929763-A1)   NOVELTY - Membranes contain a sulfonated aromatic polyetheretherketone (sPEEK) of formula (I) having an ion exchange equivalent of 1.35-1.95 mmol -SO3H/g polymer. The membrane, at an operating voltage of 0.4-1.1 V, has a long-term stability of at least 1000 h. x + y = 1.    USE - As membranes in fuel cells and electrolysis cells.    ADVANTAGE - Membranes made from sPEEK polymers having chemical and physical properties within the claimed limits give problem-free service times of at least 1000 hours, especially at least 3000 hours and particularly at least 4000 hours in fuel cells and electrolysis cells, without using a perfluorinated material as required previously.    (EP1040155-A1)   NOVELTY - Membranes contain a sulfonated aromatic polyetheretherketone (sPEEK) of formula (I) having an ion exchange equivalent of 1.35-1.95 mmol -SO3H/g polymer. The membrane, at an operating voltage of 0.4-1.1 V, has a long-term stability of at least 1000 h. x + y = 1.    USE - As membranes in fuel cells and electrolysis cells.    ADVANTAGE - Membranes made from sPEEK polymers having chemical and physical properties within the claimed limits give problem-free service times of at least 1000 hours, especially at least 3000 hours and particularly at least 4000 hours in fuel cells and electrolysis cells, without using a perfluorinated material as required previously.
(EP1034092-A1)      The network includes a first power supply (U1) which can be fed by a motor vehicle battery (B) for supplying loads requiring low voltage. A second power supply (U2) is used to supply loads requiring higher voltage. A third power supply (U3) is provided for the starting operation or generator operation of a starter generator (SG) which is coupled to a combustion engine (VB).    A switching or coupling unit (V1-V3) couples either the first power supply to the second power supply or the third power supply via a DC-DC converter (HSST) for a starting operation or for coupling the third power supply in a generator operation to the second power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not require complex hardware and software. Requires only one DC-DC converter. Reduces battery drain.    (DE19752661-C2)      The network includes a first power supply (U1) which can be fed by a motor vehicle battery (B) for supplying loads requiring low voltage. A second power supply (U2) is used to supply loads requiring higher voltage. A third power supply (U3) is provided for the starting operation or generator operation of a starter generator (SG) which is coupled to a combustion engine (VB).    A switching or coupling unit (V1-V3) couples either the first power supply to the second power supply or the third power supply via a DC-DC converter (HSST) for a starting operation or for coupling the third power supply in a generator operation to the second power supply.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not require complex hardware and software. Requires only one DC-DC converter. Reduces battery drain.
(JP3143087-B2)      NOVELTY - A junction ring (12) provided with nickel coating projects from a flange (10F). Metallic layer comprising Mo-Mn is formed on an alumina ring (11) where the junction ring contacts. At the junction of the rings, soldering (30) is performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electric insulator pipe coupling.    USE -   In gas piping in high temperature atmosphere in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By using insulated flange, compressive stress is always applied to alumina ring under 1100C. Favourable seal property is maintained even under 700-800C during running of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of insulated coupling. (10F) Flange; (11) Alumina ring; (12) Junction ring; (30) Soldering.
(EP1028914-A1)   NOVELTY - A lithium-rich carbon product of formula (I) is new.    USE - Especially as a negative electrode in a lithium ion battery useful for powering portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The product is richer in lithium than known graphite insertion compounds used for the above application so that an increased electrochemical capacity is obtained.    (EP1028914-B1)   NOVELTY - A lithium-rich carbon product of formula (I) is new.    USE - Especially as a negative electrode in a lithium ion battery useful for powering portable electronic equipment and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The product is richer in lithium than known graphite insertion compounds used for the above application so that an increased electrochemical capacity is obtained.
(US6193765-B1)      NOVELTY - The anode (1) and a cathode (2) are wound in shape of whorl through a separator (3). The lead attachment portions (1c,2c) of anode and cathode are protruded from edge of the separator. The lead attachment portions are welded to the leads by radiation of laser through holes in a metal plates (5,7).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anode has the active material layer (1b) on both sides of the strip like anode collector (1a). Similarly, the cathode has the active material layer (2b) on the both sides of the strip like cathode collector (2a). The diameter of the laser spot is larger than pole size of the metal plate.    USE -   For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces internal resistance of battery so that its output density is increased. Prevents short circuit of electrodes. Improves productivity by avoiding need for reinforcement of lead attachment portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows lamination of anode and cathode via separator. (1) Anode (1a) Anode collector; (1b) Anode active material layer; (1c,2c) Lead attachment portion; (2) Cathode; (2a) Cathode collector; (2b) Cathode active material layer; (3) Separator; (5,7) Punching metal plates; (6,2) Lead.
(JP11176461-A)   NOVELTY - The combustor is fueled by the fuel and the anode effluent and comprises a housing having an input end adapted to receive the fuel and the anode effluent, an exhaust end emitting hot combustor gas to the reformer, and a catalyst bed intermediate the input and exhaust ends for burning the fuel/anode effluent to generate the combustor exhaust gas.    USE - An improved catalytic combustor for a fuel cell system, the system comprising essentially a stack of H2-O2 fuel cells discharging a H2-containing anode effluent and an O2-containing cathode effluent, a reformer for converting hydrogen-containing fuel selected from alcohols and hydrocarbons to hydrogen for fueling the cells, and a combustor for heating the reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The combustor may be fueled with unreformed liquid fuel, hydrogen-containing anode exhaust gas, or both at different times in its operating cycle depending on the electrical demand placed on the system.    (US6077620-A)   NOVELTY - The combustor is fueled by the fuel and the anode effluent and comprises a housing having an input end adapted to receive the fuel and the anode effluent, an exhaust end emitting hot combustor gas to the reformer, and a catalyst bed intermediate the input and exhaust ends for burning the fuel/anode effluent to generate the combustor exhaust gas.    USE - An improved catalytic combustor for a fuel cell system, the system comprising essentially a stack of H2-O2 fuel cells discharging a H2-containing anode effluent and an O2-containing cathode effluent, a reformer for converting hydrogen-containing fuel selected from alcohols and hydrocarbons to hydrogen for fueling the cells, and a combustor for heating the reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The combustor may be fueled with unreformed liquid fuel, hydrogen-containing anode exhaust gas, or both at different times in its operating cycle depending on the electrical demand placed on the system.
(US6053266-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (210) produces electric power from a fuel and an oxidant. A propulsion motor (220) receives power from the fuel cell and is connected via a belt to drive an air supply system including a compressor (230) to direct a reactant fluid stream into the fuel cell via an oxidant supply subsystem (236).    USE - Fuel cell powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved operation and control of the fuel cell temperature.    (US6223844-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (210) produces electric power from a fuel and an oxidant. A propulsion motor (220) receives power from the fuel cell and is connected via a belt to drive an air supply system including a compressor (230) to direct a reactant fluid stream into the fuel cell via an oxidant supply subsystem (236).    USE - Fuel cell powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved operation and control of the fuel cell temperature.
(JP11195561-A)   NOVELTY - The positive (52) and negative current busbar (54) are coupled to respective electrode clamps (70,70') which are insulatively mounted on a metal cover lid (65). Each electrode clamp contains an engagement plate, integral with the clamp shaft, which is linked to an insulating component (80) in the metal lid of the housing (60) for preventing electrode twist. The insulating component is linked to the engagement plate of each electrode clamp to prevent their twist with respect to their axial direction.    USE - For double-layer car capacitor of large dimensions with nut and screw electrodes, used for vehicle driving power current source.    ADVANTAGE - Prevention of electrode clamps twisting.    (US6201686-B1)   NOVELTY - The positive (52) and negative current busbar (54) are coupled to respective electrode clamps (70,70') which are insulatively mounted on a metal cover lid (65). Each electrode clamp contains an engagement plate, integral with the clamp shaft, which is linked to an insulating component (80) in the metal lid of the housing (60) for preventing electrode twist. The insulating component is linked to the engagement plate of each electrode clamp to prevent their twist with respect to their axial direction.    USE - For double-layer car capacitor of large dimensions with nut and screw electrodes, used for vehicle driving power current source.    ADVANTAGE - Prevention of electrode clamps twisting.
(CN1278367-A)   NOVELTY - The gas manifold is provided on the side surface of a cell laminated body (10) including a plate-like beat insulating part (21) disposed on the outer side surface of the cell laminated body, and a scat part (20) having heat resistance and phosphoric acid resistance and attached to cover the inner and side surfaces of the heal insulating part, the seat part and the heat insulating part being integrally formed.    USE - For a fuel cell.
(JP11341674-A)   NOVELTY - An electrical component (3) is connected to electrical voltage by a wire (5,6). Designed as a diode, varistor or thyristor, a protective component (4) can be surface mounted on a printed circuit board (18) and coupled between the electrical component and the voltage by a connector (16) to the wire fitted with a contact breaker (13). It is fixed by terminals (11,12,17) and changes its geometrical form during operation as it heats up.    USE - In electrical appliances to protect voltage, e.g. output voltages in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - This device can be quickly surface mounted on a circuit board in any electrical appliance without any additional cost in the manufacture of that appliance.    (US6067216-A)   NOVELTY - An electrical component (3) is connected to electrical voltage by a wire (5,6). Designed as a diode, varistor or thyristor, a protective component (4) can be surface mounted on a printed circuit board (18) and coupled between the electrical component and the voltage by a connector (16) to the wire fitted with a contact breaker (13). It is fixed by terminals (11,12,17) and changes its geometrical form during operation as it heats up.    USE - In electrical appliances to protect voltage, e.g. output voltages in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - This device can be quickly surface mounted on a circuit board in any electrical appliance without any additional cost in the manufacture of that appliance.
(US6235431-B1)      NOVELTY - The electrolyte consists of acetal compound which reacts with water to block the generation of halide acid formed by reaction between water and supporting electrolyte.    USE -   For batteries e.g. lithium secondary battery used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Deterioration of battery by the halide acid is prevented.
(JP11154522-A)   NOVELTY - A method of making a fuel cell by fixing a polymer electrolyte film to a frame comprises causing the film to have a molar fraction of water of not more than four and bonding the film to the frame with an adhesive.    USE - In forming polymer electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive strength of the polymer electrolyte is enhanced thus increasing the reliability of gas sealing, even under conditions of large humidity change.
(JP2000156246-A)   NOVELTY - The battery comprises an internal electrode body contained in a battery case and including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator made of porous polymer, and an organic electrolyte. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are wound or laminated through the separator. A power at a depth discharge of 80% is not smaller than 60% of a power at a depth of discharge of 0%.    USE - Lithium secondary battery suitable for driving a motor of an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Lowering of the battery's power is small even in the case where a depth of discharge becomes deep. The battery has a low internal resistance and has excellent charging and discharging properties.
(DE19748806-C2)   NOVELTY - The battery terminal connector is produced of metal strip (103,104) that are formed in parallel and have ends shaped to fit around the battery terminal posts (101). The ends of the connector are forced into contact with the posts and are held there by C shaped spring clips (111).    USE - For vehicle starter or traction batteries and emergency supply batteries in data processing and telecommunication systems.    ADVANTAGE - Secure and reliable contact
(DE19750069-A1)   NOVELTY - Several round cells (1) have cell walls making close heat conductive contact with a moderating device made up from two or more hollow bodies through which a tempering substance passes. These bodies have semi-circular dents (7) whose radii correspond to that of the cells and which are fitted so that they fix the cells to each other in their allocated space.    USE - For hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - This device is cheap to manufacture and compact. It also provides a series of round cells which are compactly fixed in position and effectively tempered or moderated to do without a battery tray.    (US6228524-B1)   NOVELTY - Several round cells (1) have cell walls making close heat conductive contact with a moderating device made up from two or more hollow bodies through which a tempering substance passes. These bodies have semi-circular dents (7) whose radii correspond to that of the cells and which are fitted so that they fix the cells to each other in their allocated space.    USE - For hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - This device is cheap to manufacture and compact. It also provides a series of round cells which are compactly fixed in position and effectively tempered or moderated to do without a battery tray.
(US6124055-A)   NOVELTY - Cover for polar element (7) on lid (1) has polepieces (2,3) and parallelepiped longitudinal relief (4) on surface (10). It has flat surface (71) extending from the lid relief to one of the poles with bracket-shaped ribs (72,73) and cylindrical swellings (74,75) for housing in cylindrical overhangs (5,6). The overhangs have longitudinal cuts (51,61) for inserting flat surfaces (72,73).    USE - Cover is for the polar elements on a starter battery.    ADVANTAGE - Cover avoids breakage on opening and closing and difficulties in stacking caused by differences in lid heights.
(WO9921745-A1)   NOVELTY - Monitors on-board network for functioning of critical systems.    USE - NONE GIVEN    ADVANTAGE - Provides more reliability esp. for functioning of critical systems e.g. ABS braking.    (EP1024985-A1)   NOVELTY - Monitors on-board network for functioning of critical systems.    USE - NONE GIVEN    ADVANTAGE - Provides more reliability esp. for functioning of critical systems e.g. ABS braking.    (US6208242-B1)   NOVELTY - Monitors on-board network for functioning of critical systems.    USE - NONE GIVEN    ADVANTAGE - Provides more reliability esp. for functioning of critical systems e.g. ABS braking.
(WO200053696-A1)      NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich reforming gas containing carbon monoxide is passed into a carbon monoxide removal device (6) where carbon monoxide is removed by methanation. The gas is then passed into another removal device where the residual carbon monoxide is removed by adding oxidizing agent.    USE -   For electricity generation using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide in modified gas is removed without loss of hydrogen.
(JP11122840-A)      NOVELTY - Voltage detector (70-1-70-n) detects the voltage of a secondary battery (68). A judging unit (82) judges whether detected voltage reaches preset threshold value, based on which discharge of secondary battery is stopped. The threshold voltage is set corresponding to voltage value at specific point where variation of voltage during electric power discharge exceeds preset value.    USE -   For secondary battery of electric vehicle. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of principal part of charging controller. (68) Battery; (70-1- 70-n) Voltage detector; (82) Judging unit.    (US6034510-A)      NOVELTY - The voltage of each unit of a battery (50) is detected by a voltage sensor, and the temperature of the battery is determined by a temperature sensor. These detected values are supplied to an electronic control unit (68) and a judging section reads out the threshold value of the voltage stored in memory and compares it with the detected value of each of the battery units. If any unit is below the threshold value, a relay is turned off to separate the battery from the inverters (52,54)    USE -   Determines state of battery in electric or hybrid vehicles    ADVANTAGE -   Enables battery capacity to be used to the utmost DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Showing arrangement of entire system
(JP11129396-A)   NOVELTY - Silicone resin-metal composite consists of a thin metal plate (11) with an uneven surface having a silicone resin layer (2) injection molded on at least one side of it. The silicone resin layer is 0.05 - 1.0 mm thick and has a hardness of 20 - 70 JIS K6301 spring type hardness test A.    USE - Composite is claimed as a separator of a fuel cell, specifically of the solid polymer type. It may also be used as a cushioning material, a packing material, or as a spacer or O ring for electrical or electronic parts.    ADVANTAGE - It can be produced precisely and effectively in three dimensions with the two materials joined uniformly because the silicon resin layer is injection molded.    (US6153326-A)   NOVELTY - Silicone resin-metal composite consists of a thin metal plate (11) with an uneven surface having a silicone resin layer (2) injection molded on at least one side of it. The silicone resin layer is 0.05 - 1.0 mm thick and has a hardness of 20 - 70 JIS K6301 spring type hardness test A.    USE - Composite is claimed as a separator of a fuel cell, specifically of the solid polymer type. It may also be used as a cushioning material, a packing material, or as a spacer or O ring for electrical or electronic parts.    ADVANTAGE - It can be produced precisely and effectively in three dimensions with the two materials joined uniformly because the silicon resin layer is injection molded.
(JP11130405-A)   NOVELTY - A reformer is situated in the flow path of a reactant fluid, comprising a catalyst unit capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, and an electrically heatable heater unit.    USE - For production of high purity hydrogen for fuel cells used in industry or in automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - There is no environmental pollution.
(WO9921269-A1)   NOVELTY - The method involves using a circuit which influences the switching edges of a pulse-width modulated signal: a signal (8,9,12) representing the current in the battery leads to the inductive load, e.g. of electromagnetic valve, is detected and fed back to the input of the circuit    USE - For use with pulse-width modulation control circuits in motor vehicle brake system.    ADVANTAGE - Voltage break-ins and associated noise radiation are minimized    (EP1023766-A1)   NOVELTY - The method involves using a circuit which influences the switching edges of a pulse-width modulated signal: a signal (8,9,12) representing the current in the battery leads to the inductive load, e.g. of electromagnetic valve, is detected and fed back to the input of the circuit    USE - For use with pulse-width modulation control circuits in motor vehicle brake system.    ADVANTAGE - Voltage break-ins and associated noise radiation are minimized
(EP1019317-A1)   NOVELTY - A controlled amount of water is introduced into the gas stream prior to the catalyzed reaction to a temperature for the preferential, selective removal of carbon monoxide especially from reformate gas mixtures.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improved and simplified clean-up system is compact, simple to assemble and capable of dealing with varying flow rates of hydrogen-rich gas and varying amounts of carbon monoxide. Provides preferential selective removal of carbon monoxide.
(EP1019975-A1)   NOVELTY - In a diaphragm cell of a metal/air battery, an anode paste is passed as a strip through a cavity between the diaphragm and an anode collector such that it fills the cavity cross-section.    USE - Especially as a zinc-air, aluminum-air or iron-air battery, useful in the automobile industry.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides homogeneous circulation of the anode paste as a thin strip and allows the battery size to be reduced compared with the battery described in US 4172924.
(WO9921239-A1)   NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.    (EP1025600-A1)   NOVELTY - Water-soluble metal colloid solution comprises a platinum compound(s) and optionally a compound(s) of rhodium, ruthenium, iridium or palladium, and is stabilized using a proton-conducting protective colloid.    USE - As catalyst, particularly for fuel cells and electrolysis cells (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The metal colloid solution is water-soluble and stable, without the tendency to recrystallize on contacting the membrane in membrane-electrode units.
(DE19846000-A1)   NOVELTY - The truck includes at least one battery block (3) located in the region of a driving part (1), and capable of being removed from the driving part in the direction of either the forward or reverse main driving directions of the industrial truck. The battery block can be moved through a free space located between the two pillars (6) of the lifting framework.    USE - Removable battery block for forklift truck.    ADVANTAGE - Battery block can be simply installed or replaced in industrial vehicle.    (JP11236192-A)   NOVELTY - The truck includes at least one battery block (3) located in the region of a driving part (1), and capable of being removed from the driving part in the direction of either the forward or reverse main driving directions of the industrial truck. The battery block can be moved through a free space located between the two pillars (6) of the lifting framework.    USE - Removable battery block for forklift truck.    ADVANTAGE - Battery block can be simply installed or replaced in industrial vehicle.    (GB2331054-B)   NOVELTY - The truck includes at least one battery block (3) located in the region of a driving part (1), and capable of being removed from the driving part in the direction of either the forward or reverse main driving directions of the industrial truck. The battery block can be moved through a free space located between the two pillars (6) of the lifting framework.    USE - Removable battery block for forklift truck.    ADVANTAGE - Battery block can be simply installed or replaced in industrial vehicle.
(DE19843417-A1)   NOVELTY - The circuit has a capacitor connectable in parallel to accumulator cells by switching system    USE - Equalisation of voltage on individual accumulator cells.    ADVANTAGE - Circuit allows equalisation of voltages on several accumulator elements connected in series (B1 - B4), when not completely discharged, whilst preventing dissipation of electrical energy.    (JP11103534-A)   NOVELTY - The circuit has a capacitor connectable in parallel to accumulator cells by switching system    USE - Equalisation of voltage on individual accumulator cells.    ADVANTAGE - Circuit allows equalisation of voltages on several accumulator elements connected in series (B1 - B4), when not completely discharged, whilst preventing dissipation of electrical energy.
(JP11099974-A)   NOVELTY - The frame (4) comprises front (2) and rear (3) sections, hinged together (100) in front of the saddle pillar (13) support (11), which contains an electronic controller and a main switch. The rear wheel (15) support forks extend from the rear frame (3) which contains the battery housing, and, below, the motor, geared to the chain drive sprocket, also driven by the pedal cranks (19,21,22). Driving (23) and wheel sprockets are connected by the chain (26), tensioned by an idler (25).    USE - Relieving rider's physical effort.    ADVANTAGE - All electrical parts fully protected against mud, dust, etc., and the battery against theft.    (CN1212936-A)   NOVELTY - The frame (4) comprises front (2) and rear (3) sections, hinged together (100) in front of the saddle pillar (13) support (11), which contains an electronic controller and a main switch. The rear wheel (15) support forks extend from the rear frame (3) which contains the battery housing, and, below, the motor, geared to the chain drive sprocket, also driven by the pedal cranks (19,21,22). Driving (23) and wheel sprockets are connected by the chain (26), tensioned by an idler (25).    USE - Relieving rider's physical effort.    ADVANTAGE - All electrical parts fully protected against mud, dust, etc., and the battery against theft.
(JP11097050-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus (10) has a portable housing (12) with front and rear portions (12a,12b) divided by a partition (11). The door (19) and flap (26) are hinged. Side and front vents (27) are provided. Gas cylinders (1) are placed in the front and the power supply (30) is in the rear portion. The power supply includes a fuel cell (3) and a DC/AC inverter (29). A hand grip (14) has arms (15,16) with fulcrums (17,18) and wheels (13). A control panel (20) is provided on the front face.    USE - Provides a convenient and portable emergency power supply for civil engineering work and domestic emergency.    ADVANTAGE - Is compact, safe, with easy management and operation of the fuel gas cylinders, allowing use indoors or outdoors and offering protection in event of earthquake.    (US6080500-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus (10) has a portable housing (12) with front and rear portions (12a,12b) divided by a partition (11). The door (19) and flap (26) are hinged. Side and front vents (27) are provided. Gas cylinders (1) are placed in the front and the power supply (30) is in the rear portion. The power supply includes a fuel cell (3) and a DC/AC inverter (29). A hand grip (14) has arms (15,16) with fulcrums (17,18) and wheels (13). A control panel (20) is provided on the front face.    USE - Provides a convenient and portable emergency power supply for civil engineering work and domestic emergency.    ADVANTAGE - Is compact, safe, with easy management and operation of the fuel gas cylinders, allowing use indoors or outdoors and offering protection in event of earthquake.
(JP11120990-A)   NOVELTY - The wound type internal electrode body has at least one of the positive and negative electrodes with two or more divisions for the suppression of cyclic degradation.    USE - Lithium secondary batteries for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Cyclic degradation of the battery is suppressed and durability and reliability improved.    (US6258487-B1)   NOVELTY - The wound type internal electrode body has at least one of the positive and negative electrodes with two or more divisions for the suppression of cyclic degradation.    USE - Lithium secondary batteries for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Cyclic degradation of the battery is suppressed and durability and reliability improved.
(JP11120964-A)   NOVELTY - The temperature rise on the battery surface is accurately measured and used to calculate specific heat of the battery, and the relationship between battery capacity and weight determined. Reduction of energy density could then be prevented by optimizing the battery shape.    USE - Lithium secondary batteries for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Superior safety and high weight energy density (energy stored / weight).
(US5976727-A)   NOVELTY - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    USE - Used for bonding electrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sealability of flexible graphite sheet is enhanced whilst retaining high electrical conductivity.    (EP1018178-A1)   NOVELTY - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    USE - Used for bonding electrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sealability of flexible graphite sheet is enhanced whilst retaining high electrical conductivity.    (TW409435-A)   NOVELTY - A method of forming a conductive seal between the fluid flow field plates of a stack of electrochemical fuel cells comprises compressing flexible graphite sheet, impregnated with adhesive thermosetting resin on each side, between adjacent cells to form graphite to graphite contact between sheet and field plates with pockets of resin between then thermosetting the resin.    USE - Used for bonding electrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The sealability of flexible graphite sheet is enhanced whilst retaining high electrical conductivity.
(US5968680-A)   NOVELTY - A hybrid electrical power system includes a turbo-machine (12) and a solid oxide fuel cell (14) made of a stack of individual cells, each including anode material defining passageways for a fuel, cathode material defining passageways for an oxidant and solid electrolyte separating the anode and cathode materials. Heated compressed air from the turbomachine and hydrogen are supplied to inlets (16,18) and voltage of the cell is determined by the number of cells, while the amperage rating is determined by the surface area of the anodes and cathodes. The turbo-machine utilizes exhaust air and unburned fuel from the cell    USE - Generation of electrical power using solid oxide fuel cell and turbo-machine    ADVANTAGE - Providing boost power to ground vehicle, ship, portable generator, electric vehicle and other portable systems    (EP1021845-A1)   NOVELTY - A hybrid electrical power system includes a turbo-machine (12) and a solid oxide fuel cell (14) made of a stack of individual cells, each including anode material defining passageways for a fuel, cathode material defining passageways for an oxidant and solid electrolyte separating the anode and cathode materials. Heated compressed air from the turbomachine and hydrogen are supplied to inlets (16,18) and voltage of the cell is determined by the number of cells, while the amperage rating is determined by the surface area of the anodes and cathodes. The turbo-machine utilizes exhaust air and unburned fuel from the cell    USE - Generation of electrical power using solid oxide fuel cell and turbo-machine    ADVANTAGE - Providing boost power to ground vehicle, ship, portable generator, electric vehicle and other portable systems
(EP1043577-A1)   NOVELTY - The pressure gauges (1) have self-generating voltage units (21) with a spring plate (211) which is mounted to the gauge cap (14) at one end and has a weighting block (212) at the other. A piezoelectric unit (210) is secured to the spring plate. The plate deforms to subject the piezoelectric unit to a mechanical stress, during motion, to enable the piezoelectric unit to generate a voltage output.    USE - The self power generating units are used to power the tire pressure gauges which are connected to in-car tire pressure indicators on the vehicle instrument panel to indicator to the driver when the tire pressure is too low.    ADVANTAGE - The self-powered pressure gauges ensure that a low tire pressure is not identified because the gauges have run out of power. The gauges work correctly without inconvenience to the driver of having to check the power levels.
(EP1014510-A1)   NOVELTY - The plug device includes plug connectors which respectively have a sideways extending case to provide additional receptacles in a case section. The receptacles accommodate a socket contact or a plug pin contact for a third main contact, or alternately an additional fluid or gas coupling.    USE - For connecting a rechargeable battery with electrolyte circulation to a power and fluid supply. E.g. for connecting the battery to a factory floor transporter electric vehicle or a charger.    ADVANTAGE - The plug device is light and compact and allows addition connections.
(US6072678-A)   NOVELTY - A series-connection of a timing member (8), an OFF release stage (9), and an OFF stage (10) is provided at the control electrode (2) of the FET (1). Preferably, the FET switching output voltage is monitored by the OFF stage which, in case of a fault or short circuit is so activated that the FET energizing is instantaneously blocked and thus the output voltage switched-off. Simultaneously with the FET blocking the charging of the timing member is started. At the charge end the OFF release and the OFF stages are blocked, which stops the blocking of the FET energizing.    USE - For car onboard voltage installations, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Not only instant switch-off of output switching stage in case of a defect, but also automatic reconnection after defect removal.    (DE19736356-C2)   NOVELTY - A series-connection of a timing member (8), an OFF release stage (9), and an OFF stage (10) is provided at the control electrode (2) of the FET (1). Preferably, the FET switching output voltage is monitored by the OFF stage which, in case of a fault or short circuit is so activated that the FET energizing is instantaneously blocked and thus the output voltage switched-off. Simultaneously with the FET blocking the charging of the timing member is started. At the charge end the OFF release and the OFF stages are blocked, which stops the blocking of the FET energizing.    USE - For car onboard voltage installations, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Not only instant switch-off of output switching stage in case of a defect, but also automatic reconnection after defect removal.
(JP11121048-A)   NOVELTY - Detector detects charge level of battery (50) at the area of charge level where it appears in the external characteristics and at a second area where it does not appear in the external characteristics. Charge level is estimated from charge and discharge currents using data from an ammeter (72), a voltmeter (70) and temperature sensors (74) that are connected to the battery ECU (68) which calculates the charge level.    USE - Battery for an electric vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Improves accuracy of measurement of battery charge level.    (US6127805-A)   NOVELTY - Detector detects charge level of battery (50) at the area of charge level where it appears in the external characteristics and at a second area where it does not appear in the external characteristics. Charge level is estimated from charge and discharge currents using data from an ammeter (72), a voltmeter (70) and temperature sensors (74) that are connected to the battery ECU (68) which calculates the charge level.    USE - Battery for an electric vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Improves accuracy of measurement of battery charge level.
(GB2344208-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises separate anode and cathode cells (32,33) each containing respective electrodes (24). Fuel is supplied to the anode tank and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode tank. Each electrode is a monolithic electrode, a composite electrode or an internally coupled electrode with a catalyst surface.    USE - Fuel cells generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Increases fuel cell efficiency and power density to allow larger fuel cells to be produced.    (DE19882625-T)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises separate anode and cathode cells (32,33) each containing respective electrodes (24). Fuel is supplied to the anode tank and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode tank. Each electrode is a monolithic electrode, a composite electrode or an internally coupled electrode with a catalyst surface.    USE - Fuel cells generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Increases fuel cell efficiency and power density to allow larger fuel cells to be produced.    (GB2344208-B)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises separate anode and cathode cells (32,33) each containing respective electrodes (24). Fuel is supplied to the anode tank and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode tank. Each electrode is a monolithic electrode, a composite electrode or an internally coupled electrode with a catalyst surface.    USE - Fuel cells generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Increases fuel cell efficiency and power density to allow larger fuel cells to be produced.
(WO9919928-A1)   NOVELTY - The assembly has a membrane layer comprising an electrolyte, and an electrode layer comprising nanoscopic catalyst particles. About 0-99% of the catalyst particles contact the membrane layer.    USE - For electrochemical devices e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolyzers, sensors, chlor-alkali separation membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The embedded electrode material is protected and used efficiently. Catalytic activity is enhanced with superior current capacity. A self humidifying cathode is obtained, thereby reducing need to humidify a cathode oxidant supply.    (EP1021846-A1)   NOVELTY - The assembly has a membrane layer comprising an electrolyte, and an electrode layer comprising nanoscopic catalyst particles. About 0-99% of the catalyst particles contact the membrane layer.    USE - For electrochemical devices e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolyzers, sensors, chlor-alkali separation membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The embedded electrode material is protected and used efficiently. Catalytic activity is enhanced with superior current capacity. A self humidifying cathode is obtained, thereby reducing need to humidify a cathode oxidant supply.    (CN1278951-A)   NOVELTY - The assembly has a membrane layer comprising an electrolyte, and an electrode layer comprising nanoscopic catalyst particles. About 0-99% of the catalyst particles contact the membrane layer.    USE - For electrochemical devices e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cells, electrolyzers, sensors, chlor-alkali separation membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The embedded electrode material is protected and used efficiently. Catalytic activity is enhanced with superior current capacity. A self humidifying cathode is obtained, thereby reducing need to humidify a cathode oxidant supply.
(JP11079703-A)      NOVELTY - The reforming device has a reformation unit (7) employing a reaction system comprising a partial oxidation reaction and a steam reformation reaction, supplied with vaporized fuel via a fuel vaporizer (4), coupled to a spray jet (6) and supplied with air via a fan unit (9). The reforming device is applicable to a fuel cell energy generation device.    USE -   For reformation of exhausted fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat input rapidly follows the load variation.    DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - drawing shows a block diagram of a fuel cell reformation device. Fuel vaporizer    Spray jet    Reformation unit    Fan unit
(JP2972664-B2)      NOVELTY - An inverter (14) converts the current output by the auxiliary battery into an AC current that is used to actuate the AC drive unit mounted on the light motor truck. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A generator (12) having a large electricity-generating capacity is actuated by the engine of a light motor truck to charge a main battery (11) as well as an auxiliary battery (21).    USE -   For AC drive unit mounted on light motor truck used in transporting frozen cargoes.    ADVANTAGE -   Economical to use. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram of the AC drive unit mounted on light motor truck. (11) Main battery; (12) Generator; (14) Inverter; (21) Auxiliary battery.
(US5949640-A)   NOVELTY - The inverter has a mounting bracket (32) which allows it to be mounted in any desired orientation and the control panel (16) can also be mounted in the control port (14) as desired. The control panel has a main switch and metering to indicate voltage, current, and power. The AC power port (30) can hold different modules depending on country of use. A remote interface module (17) and extension cable allows the control panel to be installed in a location remote from the inverter.    USE - Provides AC power for mobile homes, vehicles, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Control panel can be mounted in different orientations
(DE19836401-A1)   NOVELTY - The charging device comprises a mobile unit or portable device (MU), and a charging unit (CU) that inductively transmits power by means of an alternating magnetic field from primary windings (W1,W2) to secondary windings (W3,W4) in the mobile unit. The alternating field is generated by an oscillator connected to switches (Q1,Q2) in each push-pull branch that contains resonance circuits connected to the primary windings so that each generate alternating fields in different spatial regions.    USE - For charging battery in portable equipment e.g. cordless phone. Also for use in a vehicle to charge telephones.    ADVANTAGE - Compact design with minimal energy losses and emits minimal interference    (US6028413-A)   NOVELTY - The charging device comprises a mobile unit or portable device (MU), and a charging unit (CU) that inductively transmits power by means of an alternating magnetic field from primary windings (W1,W2) to secondary windings (W3,W4) in the mobile unit. The alternating field is generated by an oscillator connected to switches (Q1,Q2) in each push-pull branch that contains resonance circuits connected to the primary windings so that each generate alternating fields in different spatial regions.    USE - For charging battery in portable equipment e.g. cordless phone. Also for use in a vehicle to charge telephones.    ADVANTAGE - Compact design with minimal energy losses and emits minimal interference
(CN1211844-A)   NOVELTY - Controls and maintains charging, discharging and maintenance of rental batteries and keeps history of this. Includes batteries for rental and unmanned automatic apparatus where the batteries are located. Uses central control apparatus (3) to effect centralized control of the unmanned rental apparatus (1) over a communications line (2).    USE - For providing a battery rental system for maintaining a charging and discharging history of a battery for rental effectively and efficiently.    ADVANTAGE - Provides automatic unmanned automatic battery rental apparatus.    (JP11150809-A)   NOVELTY - Controls and maintains charging, discharging and maintenance of rental batteries and keeps history of this. Includes batteries for rental and unmanned automatic apparatus where the batteries are located. Uses central control apparatus (3) to effect centralized control of the unmanned rental apparatus (1) over a communications line (2).    USE - For providing a battery rental system for maintaining a charging and discharging history of a battery for rental effectively and efficiently.    ADVANTAGE - Provides automatic unmanned automatic battery rental apparatus.
(JP11089002-A)   NOVELTY - Electric vehicle has a driving motor (15) for driving the vehicle with electric power via a controller (11) and a battery unit (10) supplying power to driving motor. Uses a battery charger to charge the motor having monitored secondary batteries sending controller data signal to control unit to driving the motor.    USE - For providing an electric vehicle with monitored secondary batteries ensuring high reliability and economical properties    ADVANTAGE - Provides an electric vehicle enabling the installed battery to be replaced with many kinds of batteries, having high reliability and economical properties.    (CN1223208-A)   NOVELTY - Electric vehicle has a driving motor (15) for driving the vehicle with electric power via a controller (11) and a battery unit (10) supplying power to driving motor. Uses a battery charger to charge the motor having monitored secondary batteries sending controller data signal to control unit to driving the motor.    USE - For providing an electric vehicle with monitored secondary batteries ensuring high reliability and economical properties    ADVANTAGE - Provides an electric vehicle enabling the installed battery to be replaced with many kinds of batteries, having high reliability and economical properties.    (US6232743-B1)   NOVELTY - Electric vehicle has a driving motor (15) for driving the vehicle with electric power via a controller (11) and a battery unit (10) supplying power to driving motor. Uses a battery charger to charge the motor having monitored secondary batteries sending controller data signal to control unit to driving the motor.    USE - For providing an electric vehicle with monitored secondary batteries ensuring high reliability and economical properties    ADVANTAGE - Provides an electric vehicle enabling the installed battery to be replaced with many kinds of batteries, having high reliability and economical properties.
(EP1020318-A2)   NOVELTY - The drive system (1) for a hybrid drive, esp. for a vehicle, with an electric machine (5), operable as a generator, at least indirectly coupled mechanically with an IC engine (6). The electric machine is designed as a permanent magnet excitable machine. An rpm/torque converting unit is provided between the IC engine and the electric machine, which effects a speed alteration of the driven rpm of the IC engine compared to the driving rpm of the generator. The rpm torque converter unit is a mechanical gear box (8).    USE - For commercial vehicles and buses.    ADVANTAGE - The hybrid drive works efficiently and produces economic advantages and the electric machine is designed small and compact operable as generator and has good efficiency.
(JP3098977-B2)      NOVELTY - A pump (P) is used to circulate an electrolyte between a positive pole tank (2) and a battery cell (1). Another pump (P) is used to circulate the electrolyte between a negative electrode tank (3) and the battery cell. The pumps are operated intermittently to perform the circulation of electrolyte between the cell and the tank. The charging and discharging of battery is stopped when the pumps are not operated.    USE -   For emergency purpose e.g. service interruption. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of redox flow battery. (1) Battery cell; (2) Positive pole tank; (3) Negative electrode tank.
(JP3071158-B2)      NOVELTY - Heating gas (5) and oxidizing agent gas (6) are supplied to an internal reforming system fuel battery. The ratio of sum total of rates of flow of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the heating gas (5) supplied to a fuel battery (4) and the total rate of flow of carbon in the heating gas is set to be 15% or less.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents deterioration of battery characteristics caused by sulfur poisoning and carbon precipitate heat formation reaction is performed at low temperature. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the electrical power generator using fuel battery. (4) Fuel battery; (5) Heating gas; (6) Oxidizing agent gas.
(JP3141818-B2)      NOVELTY - The carbon material used for cathode (3) includes two types of graphite crystals with magnitude of about 200 A or more and 150 A or less along (112) plane in c axial direction. The carbon material includes 30-70 wt% of graphite crystals with magnitude of about 150 A or less. The organic solvent of non- aqueous electrolyte includes both ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC). The non-aqueous electrolyte includes 20-80 volume% of EC and PC whose volume ratio is in the range of 2:1-1:5.    USE -   For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves charging and discharging characteristics.
(EP999954-A1)   NOVELTY - The voltage distribution system has a central supply line (5) laid in the body, and connectors (6-9) are provided for connecting a load user circuit with the supply line (5), across at least one connecting line (13-15). With the use of a clamping device the connectors are connected at the freely selectable point of the supply line (5). Each connector (6-9), has a self resetting electric fuse element (23) for the connected load circuit. The connector (6-9) is provided with a cutting-clamp device.    USE - For electric auxiliary circuits in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Connected can be fitted at any point of the potential supply line and is provided with individual automatic resetting fuse for particular load circuit. Provides high flexibility with integrated of different load user circuits in vehicle electric circuit.    (EP999954-B1)   NOVELTY - The voltage distribution system has a central supply line (5) laid in the body, and connectors (6-9) are provided for connecting a load user circuit with the supply line (5), across at least one connecting line (13-15). With the use of a clamping device the connectors are connected at the freely selectable point of the supply line (5). Each connector (6-9), has a self resetting electric fuse element (23) for the connected load circuit. The connector (6-9) is provided with a cutting-clamp device.    USE - For electric auxiliary circuits in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Connected can be fitted at any point of the potential supply line and is provided with individual automatic resetting fuse for particular load circuit. Provides high flexibility with integrated of different load user circuits in vehicle electric circuit.
(EP926756-A1)      NOVELTY - the system contain a PEM fuel cell (BZ), a compressor (K) for compressing the process air fed into the fuel cell, an expander (E) coupled to the compressor for driving the compressor and a catalytic burner (KatBr) heat source. The cathode output gas of the fuel cell is fed to the catalytic burner as its air supply and the expander is operated with the output gas from the burner.    USE -   of operating a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell system    ADVANTAGE -   a higher degree of efficiency is achieved DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - the drawing shows the PEM fuel cell, compressor, expander and catalytic burner(KatBr) (BZ) fuel cell; (K) compressor; (E)expander; (KatBr) catalytic burner.    (US6190791-B1)      NOVELTY - the system contain a PEM fuel cell (BZ), a compressor (K) for compressing the process air fed into the fuel cell, an expander (E) coupled to the compressor for driving the compressor and a catalytic burner (KatBr) heat source. The cathode output gas of the fuel cell is fed to the catalytic burner as its air supply and the expander is operated with the output gas from the burner.    USE -   of operating a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell system    ADVANTAGE -   a higher degree of efficiency is achieved DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - the drawing shows the PEM fuel cell, compressor, expander and catalytic burner(KatBr) (BZ) fuel cell; (K) compressor; (E)expander; (KatBr) catalytic burner.
(EP913292-A2)      The battery is made up of series-connected modules. The method is performed by a programmed processor, and includes while the vehicle is in operation, sensing the voltages of each module under conditions approximating a selected load condition. A representation of the sensed module voltages is temporarily stored. Some of the voltages are sorted into an ordered ranking.    A high module is selected from the ranking which has a stored sensed voltage near the maximum of the ranking. A low module is selected from the ranking which has a stored sensed voltage near the minimum of the ranking. The high module is partially discharged, and the energy made available by the partial discharging is coupled to charge the low module.    ADVANTAGE -   Maximises battery capacity to accept regeneration charge current from dynamic braking.    (JP2000014031-A)      The battery is made up of series-connected modules. The method is performed by a programmed processor, and includes while the vehicle is in operation, sensing the voltages of each module under conditions approximating a selected load condition. A representation of the sensed module voltages is temporarily stored. Some of the voltages are sorted into an ordered ranking.    A high module is selected from the ranking which has a stored sensed voltage near the maximum of the ranking. A low module is selected from the ranking which has a stored sensed voltage near the minimum of the ranking. The high module is partially discharged, and the energy made available by the partial discharging is coupled to charge the low module.    ADVANTAGE -   Maximises battery capacity to accept regeneration charge current from dynamic braking.
(US6228537-B1)   NOVELTY - The electrode mesh (1) comprises a rectangular mesh frame, on it arranged auxiliary rails (5), as well as a band of mesh bridges (4) which form a scaffold for the recording of the active mass. The auxiliary rails extend to both sides of the electrode mesh solely in one direction.    USE - Especially for car battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces weight of arrangement.
(DE19852853-A1)      The Power-Heat coupling system has fuel cells with a heat exchanger (15) and a heat source formed by a fuel cell (3). The fuel stack (3) has a preconnected reformer (2) for splitting earth gas, which is suppliable with gas. The fuel cell stack is provided with an air inlet (5). The heat exchanger (15) is acted on with the waste heat of an auxiliary burner (8). The reformer (2), the fuel cell stack (3) and the auxiliary burner also the heat exchanger are arranged in a combustion chamber (30), which is provided with an exhaust gas flue. So that an auxiliary burner (8) is arranged between the fuel cell stack (3) and the heat exchanger, which lies in the exhaust gas flow of the fuel cell stack.    USE -   System converts combustion gas using integrated circuit rather than separate components connected by multiple pipes.    ADVANTAGE -   Simple construction reduces heat losses caused by pipe runs. So that with conversion of combustion with air resulting heat also in fuel cells and also in auxiliary burner from heat exchanger can be used. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic view of Power-Heat coupling system. (3) Fuel stack, (15) Heat exchanger.
(US5955214-A)      Carbon monoxide is removed from a hydrogen-rich gas by passing the gas through a scavenger material selected from: mixed oxides of manganese and copper optionally combined with mixed oxides of silver, nickel, iron, chromium and tin; SnO2-CuO mixed oxide gels; and mixtures of these. The carbon monoxide is selectively oxidised.    Also claimed is a fuel cell system.    USE -   In a fuel cell system (claimed) in which the carbon monoxide-free hydrogen-rich stream is supplied as fuel to the anode compartment.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide concentration in the stream can be reduced to below 5 ppm so that fuel cell performance is not degraded.    (EP1025603-A1)      Carbon monoxide is removed from a hydrogen-rich gas by passing the gas through a scavenger material selected from: mixed oxides of manganese and copper optionally combined with mixed oxides of silver, nickel, iron, chromium and tin; SnO2-CuO mixed oxide gels; and mixtures of these. The carbon monoxide is selectively oxidised.    Also claimed is a fuel cell system.    USE -   In a fuel cell system (claimed) in which the carbon monoxide-free hydrogen-rich stream is supplied as fuel to the anode compartment.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide concentration in the stream can be reduced to below 5 ppm so that fuel cell performance is not degraded.
(EP935303-A1)      A separator for fuel cells comprises a moulded article of an electrically conductive carbon powder and a high molecular compound. The conductive carbon has an aspect ratio of 4-60, particularly 10-30.    Preferably the high molecular compound is 1 or a mixture of 2 or more selected from thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and rubbers. The moulded article is made from 100 pts.wt. an electrically conductive carbon powder and 10-60 pts.wt. the polymer. Such separator forms an oxidant gas or fuel gas supply duct on 1 or both of its surfaces.    USE -   The separators are used in fuel cells e.g. as power generating devices in offices and workshops.    ADVANTAGE -   The separators have high electrical conductivity, gas-barrier properties with little gas leakage, strength, efficiency in electricity generation and improved safety and are simply produced. They are free of problems inherent in the prior-art products such as giving off noise during power generation.    (JP11509669-X)      A separator for fuel cells comprises a moulded article of an electrically conductive carbon powder and a high molecular compound. The conductive carbon has an aspect ratio of 4-60, particularly 10-30.    Preferably the high molecular compound is 1 or a mixture of 2 or more selected from thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and rubbers. The moulded article is made from 100 pts.wt. an electrically conductive carbon powder and 10-60 pts.wt. the polymer. Such separator forms an oxidant gas or fuel gas supply duct on 1 or both of its surfaces.    USE -   The separators are used in fuel cells e.g. as power generating devices in offices and workshops.    ADVANTAGE -   The separators have high electrical conductivity, gas-barrier properties with little gas leakage, strength, efficiency in electricity generation and improved safety and are simply produced. They are free of problems inherent in the prior-art products such as giving off noise during power generation.
(US6007937-A)      The battery has a prismatic container (1) with connecting terminals protruding through its lid. It is sub-divided internally into cylindrical cells housing positive and negative electrodes segregated by intermediate separators wound in a spiral. The battery has vertical through conduits (15-16) for air circulation and threaded rods (17) anchoring the battery to a mounting tray or soleplate. The cells cylindrical walls comprise a planar upper segment common to adjacent cells with an access opening for electrical connection between different polarity leads of adjacent cells.    The battery has three connector terminals for each polarity connected by a metal bar in the lid and each cell has a central core of perforated tubular configuration whose diameter defines the positive and negative electrode capacity. The battery has folding handles in the lid.    ADVANTAGE -   Battery avoids high temperatures in its storage compartment and terminal position problems.
(JP11051983-A)      An overcurrent detection circuit is applied to a car lamp control circuit for supplying power from a battery (B) to a lamp (L) and a lamp switch (13) operates from the outside, to supply an on/off signal to a control portion (18), while a driving circuit (14) applies gate voltage to a field effect transistor (11) to turn it on in response to a control signal.    A reference voltage generating circuit (17) generates a reducing reference level for comparison to the load current.    ADVANTAGE -   Detection of load overcurrent using simple circuit configuration.    (US6094092-A)      An overcurrent detection circuit is applied to a car lamp control circuit for supplying power from a battery (B) to a lamp (L) and a lamp switch (13) operates from the outside, to supply an on/off signal to a control portion (18), while a driving circuit (14) applies gate voltage to a field effect transistor (11) to turn it on in response to a control signal.    A reference voltage generating circuit (17) generates a reducing reference level for comparison to the load current.    ADVANTAGE -   Detection of load overcurrent using simple circuit configuration.
(JP11085296-A)      The permanent current circuit has a current mirror circuit (2) which contains an input transistor (4) and an output one (5) plus a current supply path which extends from a power source (9) to the output transistor across a specified reference section (11). There is a buffer unit (7) which is provided in the current supply path for compensation or absorbtion of a potential difference between the reference section and an output terminal (12) of the output transistor. There is a clamping device (8) to fix a potential of the output terminal of the output transistor. The buffer unit is a first bipolar transistor (7) which has collector and emitter terminals for the compensation or absorption.    USE -   In vehicle IC engine throttle valve or ABS.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains the current which flows with a constant value from the power source independently of changes in the source voltage so that an exact verification of the reference voltage is ensured.    (US6069520-A)      The permanent current circuit has a current mirror circuit (2) which contains an input transistor (4) and an output one (5) plus a current supply path which extends from a power source (9) to the output transistor across a specified reference section (11). There is a buffer unit (7) which is provided in the current supply path for compensation or absorbtion of a potential difference between the reference section and an output terminal (12) of the output transistor. There is a clamping device (8) to fix a potential of the output terminal of the output transistor. The buffer unit is a first bipolar transistor (7) which has collector and emitter terminals for the compensation or absorption.    USE -   In vehicle IC engine throttle valve or ABS.    ADVANTAGE -   Maintains the current which flows with a constant value from the power source independently of changes in the source voltage so that an exact verification of the reference voltage is ensured.
(DE19727551-C2)      The voltage supply circuit uses an auxiliary energy source (24), independent of the onboard electrical supply network, for supplying at least one electrical load (34) incorporated in the vehicle door (20). The electrical connection between the auxiliary energy source and the load is provided via an outer side edge of the door.    The outer side edge of each vehicle door (20) has a magnetic coil (36) cooperating with an aligned magnetic coil (32) in the door frame, to provide an inductive energy coupling between the auxiliary energy source (24) and the load (34).    ADVANTAGE -   The voltage supply circuit eliminates supply cables between vehicle body and door, for improved safety in accident.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the overall view of a vehicle incorporating the voltage supply circuit. (20) Vehicle door; (24) Auxiliary energy source; (32,36) Magnetic coils; (34) Electrical load.
(JP11224660-A)      NOVELTY - Several anode boards (60) and cathode plates (61) are placed in battery case (63). Separator (62) which consists of porous polymer is placed inbetween anode boards and cathode plates consisting an internal electrode object (90). A pressure release mechanism with hole (72) is provided to the axial ends of battery case.    USE -   In lithium secondary battery for notebook PC, electric vehicles, portable communication devices.    ADVANTAGE -   As pressure release hole is provided, the internal pressure of battery is released safely, hence battery bursting, electrode object jumping, are prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of lithium secondary battery. (60) Anode board; (61) Cathode plate; (62) Separator; (63) Battery case; (72) Pressure release hole; (90) Internal electrode object.
(EP1008201-A1)      The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cells (2) connected in series, with a common gas inlet (4) and gas outlet (5). Each individual fuel cell or fuel cell group (3) is provided with a fuel gas inlet (6) having a closure cap (7), which is operated in response to a setting signal. Each fuel cell or fuel cell group may also have a respective gas outlet (8) with an associated closure cap (9), operated by a supplied setting signal, the setting signals for the gas inlet and gas outlet closure caps supplied in response to the required power output.    USE -   For electric vehicle propulsion drive.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows high efficiency at low load and high power output when required, by switching from series to parallel operation.    (JP2001511590-W)      The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cells (2) connected in series, with a common gas inlet (4) and gas outlet (5). Each individual fuel cell or fuel cell group (3) is provided with a fuel gas inlet (6) having a closure cap (7), which is operated in response to a setting signal. Each fuel cell or fuel cell group may also have a respective gas outlet (8) with an associated closure cap (9), operated by a supplied setting signal, the setting signals for the gas inlet and gas outlet closure caps supplied in response to the required power output.    USE -   For electric vehicle propulsion drive.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows high efficiency at low load and high power output when required, by switching from series to parallel operation.
(DE19750497-A1)      A dry clutch (26) is housed in a transmission box (60) which receives a drive from the engine crankshaft (16) and in turn drives (15) a gearbox. The gearbox shaft (15) carries a toothed crown wheel (11) which engages with a toothed pinion (12) to drive an accessory such as a generator or pump.    A disengaging bearing (10) is able to slide on the gearbox shaft (15) towards a clutch (26) when oil is pumped into a cavity (22) formed between it and the toothed crown wheel (11). The action of the disengaging bearing (10) on the pressure plate (14) causes springs to disengage the clutch (26). The clutch re-engages when oil is pumped out of the cavity (22) and the bearing (10) moves away from the pressure plate (14). The dryness of the clutch is preserved by a screen (50).    ADVANTAGE -   A safe and convenient drive may be given to an accessory such as a pump or generator while making use of the existing clutch.
(US6022638-A)      The battery (10) includes a handle (20) attached to the cover (14) of the battery through a pin-and-button structure which is attached to the battery by insertion into an insertion aperture. The insertion apertures are complementary sized to accept handle arm buttons and the pockets are sized to allow movement of the buttons from the insertion position to the assembly position.    The button and assembly position apertures are complementary sized so that the buttons cannot be pulled out through the assembly aperture when the handle is in the assembly position. The handle is then moved into an assembly position where the handle can be rotated from a rest position adjacent the side of the cover to an upright, service position for carrying the battery.    USE -   For recreational vehicle and marine applications.    ADVANTAGE -   Handle is integrated into battery cover, achieving appearance which blends into cover to give hidden look when handle is in rest position while not altering outer dimensions of battery.
(EP889537-B1)      The fuel cell device (2) has at least one high temperature fuel cell stack (4), at least partially enclosed by an outer wall (10) at a given relative spacing, to provide an exhaust gas space (20) between them.    The exhaust gas is discharged from the fuel cell device via the exhaust gas space, which incorporates a heat exchanger (24), for heating an operating medium for the fuel cell device.    ADVANTAGE -   Compact device with recovery of waste heat for heating fuel cell operating medium.    .
(DE19724428-C2)      A housing for a low temperature fuel cell stack has a cross-section matched to the geometry of the stack and a changing wall thickness with several stiffening ribs running in the direction of the housing's main axis. There is a housing lid (11) and a housing base(13) on both ends. The stack can be tensioned between lid and base. The housing is manufactured by extrusion, drawing, pressing, tixocasting or spray moulding. On the ends of the ribs, devices are present for detachable fastening of the lid or base. The housing is made of light metal or plastic. It is installed on board a car.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers protection against external mechanical effects and acts anchor for pressing fuel stack together.
(JP3094942-B2)      The device has a DC motor (1). The revolving shaft of the DC motor is rotated unidirectionally by an external force and a DC is generated. The generated DC is passed to a pair of terminals (1a,2a) through a conductor (3).    An electrical double layer capacitor (2) connected between the terminals stores the generated DC. The revolving shaft is rotated by the stored DC in the direction of applied external force.    USE -   Used as electric flywheel in electric bicycle, electric vehicle, hybrid motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies structure by avoiding usage of invertor circuit and control circuit. Provides high reliability.
(US5937664-A)      The system (20) sucks in air through a cooling duct (60) from a cabin (14) of a car (10), air-conditioned by an air conditioner (16). The air is sucked by a cooling fan (62) for cooling a battery (12) installed in a battery chamber (18). The battery is maintained within a predetermined temperature range. In the circulation mode, the cooling air is returned to the cabin via a circulation duct (66) by a switching damper (70). In an ejection mode, the cooled air is discharged outside from the battery chamber via a jet pipe (68). In a partial exhaust mode, a part of the cooled air is discharged and the remaining air is returned to the cabin. A battery ECU (74) selects the circulation mode, the ejection mode or the partial exhaust mode depending upon the temperature of the battery detected by a battery temperature detector (76). If the detected temperature is more than a predetermined value, the air is discharged outside in the ejection mode by the battery ECU.    ADVANTAGE -   Performs battery cooling efficiently without increasing load on air-conditioner and pressure failure in vehicle cabin.
(FR2765158-A1)      The holder, especially for a series of accumulator batteries used to power an electric vehicle, consists of horizontal supports (14), each carrying one battery (16), situated on either side of a hollow central column (12) which contains a battery charger.    Each of the horizontal supports has a flat base, two side panels extending parallel to the central column, and a raised edge (26) on the remaining side. Each of the side panels (24) has a horizontal section extending from the central column and a sloping section reducing in height towards the outer edge. Each support has a perforated base, and the column has apertures for supply cables.    ADVANTAGE -   More convenient and quicker battery maintenance.
(WO9908336-A2)      A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.    (EP1012896-A2)      A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.
(GB2341897-A)      A drive system for a vehicle comprises a gas turbine unit(3) with an output shaft(4). A steam power unit comprising a steam turbine(5) with a steam turbine input shaft and output shaft(6,7) is coupled to the output shaft of the turbine unit via the steam turbine input shaft(6).    An exhaust pipe(16) on the gas turbine unit is coupled to a steam generator(13) forming part of the steam power unit. The steam turbine output shaft is coupled directly to the output shaft of the gas turbine unit.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved overall efficiency making use of all heat losses to generate electricity.
(US5971290-A)      The apparatus (10) consists of a warm water circuit (16) for circulating water to a heat exchanger (86) using a pump (84). The heat exchanger supplies heat to the air being supplied into a compartment (14) of an electric vehicle (12). A reserve tank (90) provides supplement water to the warm water circuit and a radiator (106) when water in them lowers.    The reserve tank has a water pouring opening (S4) at its top and is fitted with a pipe (108) to supply water to the radiator. The radiator forms the heat exchanger in a cooling circuit (22) supplying cool water to a battery (20) using a pump (104). The battery supplies electrical energy for running a motor (18) provided in the cooling circuit.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces number of parts and thus manufacturing cost. Improves operation effectively.
(EP986600-A2)      Aqueous, water containing and non-aqueous solutions (I) of acid group functionalised polymers are prepared by heating by microwave radiation.    Also claimed are (i) a process for the production of a solid polymer by concentration and drying of the solution (I); and (ii) the resulting solid polymer.    Preferably the acid groups are sulphonic-, phosphoric-, carboxylic and/or boric acid groups. The solvent is water, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and/or an alcohol.    USE -   The solutions (I) are useful for the production of gas diffusion electrodes, fuel cells and polymer electrolyte stabilised platinum nano-particles.    ADVANTAGE -   Heating of the mixture by microwave radiation does not cause decomposition of the polymer.
(US6077628-A)      The electrolyte contains a supporting agent that produces a halide acid on reaction with water. A complexing compound is added to the supporting agent to form an inactive complex.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents deterioration of battery.
(TW425749-A)      The coupler consists of a starter relay (35) and several main and sub fuses (36,37,42,43). The relay and fuses are provided at the front side whereas a hinge (38) and a back lid (39) are provided at the back side so that they are opened and closed.    The starter relay is arranged on the upper part of one of the terminals of the battery and the fuses are arranged above the other terminal. Waterproof units are provided between the terminals of the starter relay.    ADVANTAGE -   Makes size compact. Simplifies exchange of fuse.
(DE19724570-A1)      The current supply is not directly buffered by a battery and is controlled by the voltage regulator (2) of a generator or a DC/DC converter. High power electrical loads (V1-V2) are switched on and off by a central controller (1).    An information link (4) between the central controller and the voltage regulator informs the central controller about the immediately preceding switching on or off of each high power load.    ADVANTAGE -   Minimizes required capacitance of buffer capacitor or eliminates need for one.
(US5874186-A)      Positive plates for sealed lead acid batteries are made by direct casting using the lead alloy containing 0.03 - 0.05 % calcium, 0.65 - 1.25 % tin, and 0.018 - 0.03 % silver, or gravity casting using the lead alloy containing 0.035 - 0.055 % Ca, 0.95 - 1.45 % Sn, 0.018 - 0.03 % Ag, or continuous strip casting using the lead alloy containing 0.03 - 0.05 % Ca, 0.95 - 1.25 % Sn, 0.017 - 0.03 Ag. The diamond mesh (78) grid (70) includes lug (72) top bar (74) and bottom bar (76). No side bars are necessary.    USE -   Sealed lead acid batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Grids can be fabricated by direct casting of strip when no frame bars being required to minimise creep, or by gravity casting.
(DE19725007-C1)      A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.    (EP884271-B1)      A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.
(DE19935847-C2)      The unit has current cells arranged in a housing (1) whose shape essentially matches the cells. The housing is in the form of a quiver with one side wall having a concave section which serves as a contact section for the current supply unit with the bicycle.    The cross-section of the housing is similar in shape to a clover leaf with side walls of alternately concave and convex sections in which the current cells fill spaces in the concave sections.    USE -   Especially for bicycles.    ADVANTAGE -   Stable, secure mounting and wide applicability.
(US5875105-A)      The apparatus (13) includes a mode selecting switch (SW) which selectively switches the input voltage level from the battery of a vehicle. When the source voltage (Vcc1) from the battery is 12 volts, the mode selection switch turns ON. The supplied 12 volts from the battery is reduced into 5 volts by the regulator (17) of a second voltage converter (22), after which the converted 5 volts is supplied to a CPU.    The mode selection switch turns OFF when the source voltage from the battery is 24 volts, after which the supplied 24 volts is reduced by the regulator (16) of a first voltage converter (21). The converted voltage from the first voltage converter is reduced further by the second voltage converter up to 5 volts to be output to the CPU.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies conversion of source voltage into desired constant voltage to be supplied to CPU, even when supplied source voltage is 12 volts or 24 volts.
(EP884750-A2)      The assembly (10) has a housing (12) of electrically insulating material with a base plate (22). A starter motor cable is mounted on the base plate. The assembly also has a fuse strip (14) secured on the base plate and including a busbar, a contact portion adjacent the starter motor cable terminal (18) and contact portions making electrical connections with a number of cable harness terminals. Fusible links connect the contact portions with the busbar.    A battery terminal clamp (16) has a mounting portion (26) positioned inside the housing which electrically connects with the busbar of the fuse strip. A clamp portion outside the housing electrically connects to a terminal post of the battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrical cables are not required to run between the battery terminal clamps and the fuse links.    (US5886611-A)      The assembly (10) has a housing (12) of electrically insulating material with a base plate (22). A starter motor cable is mounted on the base plate. The assembly also has a fuse strip (14) secured on the base plate and including a busbar, a contact portion adjacent the starter motor cable terminal (18) and contact portions making electrical connections with a number of cable harness terminals. Fusible links connect the contact portions with the busbar.    A battery terminal clamp (16) has a mounting portion (26) positioned inside the housing which electrically connects with the busbar of the fuse strip. A clamp portion outside the housing electrically connects to a terminal post of the battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrical cables are not required to run between the battery terminal clamps and the fuse links.
(EP1071912-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel and/or combustible waste is introduced into an incinerator (10) and a portion is ignited, which is then introduced into reactor chambers of a complete combustion reactor (30) for waste atomization. The atomized waste is then condensed in a gas condenser (50) and then recycled. Alternatively fuel and/or combustible waste is passed simultaneously or sequentially to the reactor.    USE - For preventing the global warming. The cleaned exhaust gas (formed by bubbling in water or by compressing in tubes) is used for algae, rice or biomass production (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the combustion process is good. The volume of carbon dioxide or other gases in the exhaust gas contributing to global warming is reduced. The complete cleaning and recycling of the ignited residue is performed effectively.
(EP1086058-A1)   NOVELTY - A bio-catalytic oxidation reactor has feed assemblies (29,39) located at both ends of elongated cylindrical vessel (11). Hubs (31,41) protrude through cylindrical collars (28,36) of chutes (21,34) mounted on annular end plates (15,16) which are adjacent to each chute. An elongated tubular header (46) is supported on two chutes positioned at both ends of the vessel.    USE - For continuous remediation of organic wastes such as animal waste, vegetable waste, carbonaceous and nitrogenous materials and minerals.    ADVANTAGE - Requires limited physical labor as the loading chute acts as a conveyor which has spiral blade in it. Enhances maximum rate of decay as there is provision of oxygen supply and temperature sensor for oxidation at optimum rate. Improves efficiency in either a batch or continuous flow mode as the vessel is rotated to tumble mixture to avoid unnecessary disruption of the decomposition process. Removes offensive odors and makes waste pathogen-free to ensure a proper environment as there is a bio-filter with an exhaust fan.
(US6071635-A)   NOVELTY - A conductive member forms two lands on one face of the plate with a flow channel passing between them to carry a fluid for a fuel cell assembly. The member provides a path to the second face of the plate for current generated by the cell. A brace for part of the channel is provided by nonconductive material.    USE - Fluid flow plates formed of conductive and nonconductive materials for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Decreased usage of expensive conductive material.
(US6106197-A)   NOVELTY - A process for waste reduction of household and other landfill waste material at a landfill waste management site comprising grinding of the waste material and accelerated composting in a holding cell preventing contamination of ground soil, is new.    USE - The process is useful for reducing the volume of waste material in landfill waste management sites.    ADVANTAGE - The process prevents contamination of the ground soil, allows for natural breakdown of the organic components of the waste material which allows for the recycling of some or all of the waste material.
(JP11310402-A)   NOVELTY - The activity of a carbon monoxide-selective oxidation catalyst is increased and the temperature range of catalyst activity is expanded by changing the catalyst mixture from platinum downstream, through intermediate mixtures to ruthenium at upstream end.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides effective reduction of carbon monoxide concentration while maintaining the temperature of the hydrogen-rich fuel gas at the operating temperature of the fuel cells.
(WO9952159-A2)   NOVELTY - A procedure for making a PEM fuel cell has the electrolyte membrane subjected to a plasma treatment and electrodes are attached onto the membrane on both sides. The plasma is generated from silicon- or carbon-containing gases. Catalytically active metal ions are fed into the plasma so that these are precipitated onto the membrane. Palladium and silver are provided in the form of metal ions. The item is used for internal reforming of fuel.    USE - NONE GIVEN    ADVANTAGE - Avoids the usually incomplete coverage of electrolyte membrane using the sputter process.    (DE19815209-C2)   NOVELTY - A procedure for making a PEM fuel cell has the electrolyte membrane subjected to a plasma treatment and electrodes are attached onto the membrane on both sides. The plasma is generated from silicon- or carbon-containing gases. Catalytically active metal ions are fed into the plasma so that these are precipitated onto the membrane. Palladium and silver are provided in the form of metal ions. The item is used for internal reforming of fuel.    USE - NONE GIVEN    ADVANTAGE - Avoids the usually incomplete coverage of electrolyte membrane using the sputter process.
(ZA9901931-A)   NOVELTY - The system includes a continuous miner (44) having a motor (M) driven rotary cutter head attached to a frame, and a sensor (72) adapted to detect an atmospheric condition mounted to the continuous miner. Two power lines supply power to the motor and sensor respectively. A controller (53) is connected to the motor and first power line for controlling operation of the cutter head at a remote location. A display (90) is coupled to the sensor for detecting the atmospheric condition at a location remote from the sensor.    USE - For use in an underground mine where the continuous miner is positioned in a portion of the mine having an unsupported roof, for use in wing mining and high wall mining applications. E.g. for measuring the presence of methane gas near a mine face during continuous mining operations.    ADVANTAGE - Safely measures gas levels near a mine face without interrupting mining by a continuous miner.    (US6168240-B1)   NOVELTY - The system includes a continuous miner (44) having a motor (M) driven rotary cutter head attached to a frame, and a sensor (72) adapted to detect an atmospheric condition mounted to the continuous miner. Two power lines supply power to the motor and sensor respectively. A controller (53) is connected to the motor and first power line for controlling operation of the cutter head at a remote location. A display (90) is coupled to the sensor for detecting the atmospheric condition at a location remote from the sensor.    USE - For use in an underground mine where the continuous miner is positioned in a portion of the mine having an unsupported roof, for use in wing mining and high wall mining applications. E.g. for measuring the presence of methane gas near a mine face during continuous mining operations.    ADVANTAGE - Safely measures gas levels near a mine face without interrupting mining by a continuous miner.
(US6117578-A)   NOVELTY - Ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide in a catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina component against recrystallization and inhibits carbon deposits on the wash coated surfaces.    USE - The fuel gas reformer assembly is used in fuel cell power plants to convert a fuel, i.e. natural gas into hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Lanthanum oxide in the catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina against recrystallization at high operating temperatures while the inclusion of ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide provides longer operational life to the assembly by hindering carbon deposition in the flow passages.    (EP1086505-A1)   NOVELTY - Ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide in a catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina component against recrystallization and inhibits carbon deposits on the wash coated surfaces.    USE - The fuel gas reformer assembly is used in fuel cell power plants to convert a fuel, i.e. natural gas into hydrogen, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Lanthanum oxide in the catalyzed wash coating stabilizes the alumina against recrystallization at high operating temperatures while the inclusion of ceria, lanthanum and calcium oxide provides longer operational life to the assembly by hindering carbon deposition in the flow passages.
(EP1070030-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus (10) for use in the treatment of waste and/or organic materials, comprises a box shaped main body (12) an internal treatment chamber. (10) is mounted on legs (17) leaving a space underneath for treating harvesting treated sludge. The base has multiple support elements (32), after treatment, the sludge can be shaken to fall between (32) into the harvesting space underneath.    USE - As an apparatus for treating organic waste material by a vermiculture process using worm species.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows use of the vermiculture process on a large scale.    (CN1295543-A)   NOVELTY - Apparatus (10) for use in the treatment of waste and/or organic materials, comprises a box shaped main body (12) an internal treatment chamber. (10) is mounted on legs (17) leaving a space underneath for treating harvesting treated sludge. The base has multiple support elements (32), after treatment, the sludge can be shaken to fall between (32) into the harvesting space underneath.    USE - As an apparatus for treating organic waste material by a vermiculture process using worm species.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus allows use of the vermiculture process on a large scale.
(JP11326258-A)      NOVELTY - The gas sensor is a laminate with a methane sensor layer coated with carbon monoxide sensor layer. The sensor functions as a catalyst. The methane sensor has circular semiconductor particles synthesized by gaseous-phase method. The carbon-monoxide sensor has semiconductor metal composite particles synthesized by gaseous-phase method.    USE -   For detection of gas leaks such as methane and carbon monoxide in combustion equipment.    ADVANTAGE -   Detection of methane or carbon monoxide is enabled easily with sufficient selectivity.    (US6070450-A)      NOVELTY - The gas sensor is a laminate with a methane sensor layer coated with carbon monoxide sensor layer. The sensor functions as a catalyst. The methane sensor has circular semiconductor particles synthesized by gaseous-phase method. The carbon-monoxide sensor has semiconductor metal composite particles synthesized by gaseous-phase method.    USE -   For detection of gas leaks such as methane and carbon monoxide in combustion equipment.    ADVANTAGE -   Detection of methane or carbon monoxide is enabled easily with sufficient selectivity.    (US6263723-B1)      NOVELTY - The gas sensor is a laminate with a methane sensor layer coated with carbon monoxide sensor layer. The sensor functions as a catalyst. The methane sensor has circular semiconductor particles synthesized by gaseous-phase method. The carbon-monoxide sensor has semiconductor metal composite particles synthesized by gaseous-phase method.    USE -   For detection of gas leaks such as methane and carbon monoxide in combustion equipment.    ADVANTAGE -   Detection of methane or carbon monoxide is enabled easily with sufficient selectivity.
(JP11307111-A)   NOVELTY - The device comprises an exhaust gas turbine (8) and a displacement compressor (10) such as a mechanical drive supercharger linked to the exhaust gas turbine through a decelerator (9). A combustion gas line (7) on the outlet side of a catalytic combustor (6) is connected to the intake of the compressor. Cathode and anode exhaust gas lines (12,13) are connected to the combustor.    USE - Fuel cells producing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Uses exhaust gas energy as motive power for the air supply to improve efficiency.    (US2001007724-A1)   NOVELTY - The device comprises an exhaust gas turbine (8) and a displacement compressor (10) such as a mechanical drive supercharger linked to the exhaust gas turbine through a decelerator (9). A combustion gas line (7) on the outlet side of a catalytic combustor (6) is connected to the intake of the compressor. Cathode and anode exhaust gas lines (12,13) are connected to the combustor.    USE - Fuel cells producing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Uses exhaust gas energy as motive power for the air supply to improve efficiency.
(CN1233081-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.    (JP2000133291-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cells have electrodes consisting of a solid polymer electrolyte film between a pair of catalytic reaction layers. Gas tight electrically insulating layers are provided on the flanks or the insides of the laminated unit cells, giving a seal between electrode and electroconductive separator.    USE - Portable power sources for electric vehicles, household cogeneration systems, etc. operating at room temperature.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode can be made the same size as the separator, and no sealant is used between them, so the fuel cell can be made more compact and is less expensive and easier to manufacture on a mass production scale. Mechanical strength is increased, the structure simplified and gas sealing property improved.
(WO9960644-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a modular construction. Distribution modules (2) include connections for cells and gas vessels. They include grouped (5), electrical (6), and gas (7) connections for fuel cell modules (3). Further grouped connections (7a) accommodate gas vessels (4). Main electrical consumer terminals (10,11) are provided. Appropriate interconnecting lines for electricity and gas (13,14,15) are built into the distribution modules. Also included are mechanical couplings for the fuel cells and gas vessels.    USE - A modular construction system for fuel cell electrical generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The system can be constructed rapidly and easily, to match a variety of requirements. The novice can rapidly extend the system, building in further modules, to meet increased power demand. Fast-acting gas connectors and plug-in electrical systems facilitate change and maintenance.    (EP1088359-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a modular construction. Distribution modules (2) include connections for cells and gas vessels. They include grouped (5), electrical (6), and gas (7) connections for fuel cell modules (3). Further grouped connections (7a) accommodate gas vessels (4). Main electrical consumer terminals (10,11) are provided. Appropriate interconnecting lines for electricity and gas (13,14,15) are built into the distribution modules. Also included are mechanical couplings for the fuel cells and gas vessels.    USE - A modular construction system for fuel cell electrical generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The system can be constructed rapidly and easily, to match a variety of requirements. The novice can rapidly extend the system, building in further modules, to meet increased power demand. Fast-acting gas connectors and plug-in electrical systems facilitate change and maintenance.
(EP1068148-A1)   NOVELTY - Uses catalyst comprising rhodium dispersed on refractory oxide support having cerium and zirconium cations to generate hydrogen by self-sustaining partial oxidation for use in fuel cells.    USE - For use in hydrogen generation in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Provides self-sustaining partial oxidation and steam reforming to produce hydrogen with high selectivity.
(EP1066217-A1)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen is catalytically generated by oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) organic fuel, optionally in the presence of steam.    USE - The process is used for hydrogen generation in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The combination of steam-reforming and partial oxidation is more efficient than either process separately. DME is preferred to methanol as the fuel because it is less toxic, less hygroscopic and has a higher energy density. It is easily liquefied and may become more readily available than methanol if it is adopted as an alternative to diesel fuel.
(EP1050552-A1)   NOVELTY - The wastewater-recyclable polymerisation process for producing polyaniline resin does not require a cooling system and alleviates pollution problems by recycling the acidic aqueous solution.    USE - A process for producing a polyaniline powder is provided which can be used to prepare conductive paints and particles.    ADVANTAGE - The acidic aqueous solution which is usually discarded as wastewater in a conventional process is recycled, the unreacted acid solution and monomers contained in the aqueous solution are reused, thereby removing the toxic materials from the wastewater and alleviating pollution problems. The process is carried out at room temperature without the need for a cooling water system, and so costs are reduced.
(EP962403-A1)   NOVELTY - Biological filtration material is housed in a separate carrier set into the cover of the vessel and detachably fixed to it    USE - To collect and contain biological waste    ADVANTAGE - The filter material can be easily released from the cover and exchanged without touching it.    (DE19824974-A1)   NOVELTY - Biological filtration material is housed in a separate carrier set into the cover of the vessel and detachably fixed to it    USE - To collect and contain biological waste    ADVANTAGE - The filter material can be easily released from the cover and exchanged without touching it.
(DE19813339-C2)   NOVELTY - This fuel cell stack has just one centrally designed channel (2) over the anode outlets (4) in the fuel cells (1) which can reform fuel or cause its oxidation. Reformed or oxidized fuel passes out through the anode outlets. Fuel flow can be reversed to go out from the central channel.    USE - For reforming or oxidizing fuel such as gas.    ADVANTAGE - This fuel cell stack has an integrated reformer in which heat flow is optimized and few problems of consistency are encountered, because only one channel needs to be sealed. The number of joints to be sealed are minimized. Improved heat exchange between reactions occurring inside the fuel cell stack is ensured.
(JP11278971-A)   NOVELTY - A film composition for accelerated compost fermentation comprises a polyether chain polymer and has respective water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeabilities of 300 g/meter squared.24hr, 1000 centimeter cubed/meter squared.24 hr and 10,000 centimeter cubed/meter squared.24 hr.    USE - As a film in accelerating compost fermentation (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Compost formation is accelerated and the pollution of underground water is prevented.    (EP990011-A1)   NOVELTY - A film composition for accelerated compost fermentation comprises a polyether chain polymer and has respective water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeabilities of 300 g/meter squared.24hr, 1000 centimeter cubed/meter squared.24 hr and 10,000 centimeter cubed/meter squared.24 hr.    USE - As a film in accelerating compost fermentation (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Compost formation is accelerated and the pollution of underground water is prevented.    (KR2001012954-A)   NOVELTY - A film composition for accelerated compost fermentation comprises a polyether chain polymer and has respective water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeabilities of 300 g/meter squared.24hr, 1000 centimeter cubed/meter squared.24 hr and 10,000 centimeter cubed/meter squared.24 hr.    USE - As a film in accelerating compost fermentation (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Compost formation is accelerated and the pollution of underground water is prevented.
(WO200045644-A1)   NOVELTY - Conversion of low protein, cellulose containing waste into a fodder supplement under aerobic conditions is new.    USE - The method is useful for converting a waste substance, which is a low protein, cellulose containing waste an organic or inorganic substance selected from ammonium sulphate, urea, sodium chloride and animal manures into a protinacious nutritional product (claimed).
(EP1060529-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has two electrodes, an electrolyte between the electrodes with a number of delivery channels (1) and bounding outlet channels (2). The delivery channels and outlet channels can be closed at one end with lateral openings (3-6) which also bound on one electrode of the fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The performance of the fuel cell is improved wrt. the state of the art.
(EP985723-A2)   NOVELTY - The solid fuel comprises a cellulose-containing fuel component mixed with horse manure.    USE - Used in open fireplaces.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel can be easily handled.
(EP948070-A1)      NOVELTY - After electricity generation, portion of waste fuel gas is supplied to a heat exchanger (12) and then to a condenser (13). The fuel gas is then made to recirculate to anode inlet (3c) of fuel battery (3). Hydrogen or hydrocarbon type heating gas is used as fuel gas.    USE -   In electricity generation system using solid electrolyte fuel battery that uses phosphoric acid, molten carbonate as electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   As waste gas is recycled efficiently, electricity generation efficiency is raised. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic systematic diagram of solid electrolyte type fuel battery electricity generation system. (3) Fuel battery; (3c) Anode inlet; (12) Heat exchanger; (13) Condenser.
(JP3153901-B2)      NOVELTY - Interconnectors (12A-12D) provided in between an upper cover (4), cell (1A), separator (2), cell (1B) and a bottom lid (5) are formed from foam or felt object with a blow hole rate of 80% or more. Fuel supply path (13a) and an oxidizing agent supply path (13b) are provided in a fuel and oxidizing agent supply pipe (13) connected to a gas feed zone (12a) of the interconnectors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel path is connected to the gas feed zone of the interconnector by the side of a positive electrode. Oxidizing agent supply path is connected to the gas feed zone of the interconnector by the side of a negative electrode. Fuel gas and oxidizing agent spreads along zig-zag direction at the end of the fuel supply path and the oxidizing agent supply path. The density of the fuel and oxidizing agent at the middle of the fuel and oxidizing agent supply pipe is high and is low at the end of the fuel and oxidizing agent supply paths.    USE -   For solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to store fuel and oxidizing agent in large area of cell. Enables to easily manufacture interconnector by punching a board and by using cheap doctor blade. Does not need to supply high temperature gas and does not need to seal periphery of electrolyte interconnector and separator after lamination. Relaxes manufacturing conditions, reduces manufacturing cost and improves power supply property of electric power source.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of the lamination structure of a solid electrolyte fuel battery. (1A,1B) Cells; (2) Separator; (4) Upper cover; (5) Lid; (12A-12D) Interconnectors; (12a) Gas feed zone; (13) Oxidizing agent supply pipe; (13a) Fuel supply path; (13b) Oxidizing agent supply path.
(JP11322315-A)   NOVELTY - A carbon-producing apparatus (I) is new and comprises a carbon dioxide-fixing unit which reduces carbon dioxide, separated from the methane emissions, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - (I) is used to fix carbon from carbon dioxide produced by anaerobic fermentation of biomass.    ADVANTAGE - The new apparatus fixes carbon from the emissions of anaerobic fermentation cheaply and recycles heat produced by combustion within the units to supply other areas of (I) and produce electric power.    (CN1239121-A)   NOVELTY - A carbon-producing apparatus (I) is new and comprises a carbon dioxide-fixing unit which reduces carbon dioxide, separated from the methane emissions, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - (I) is used to fix carbon from carbon dioxide produced by anaerobic fermentation of biomass.    ADVANTAGE - The new apparatus fixes carbon from the emissions of anaerobic fermentation cheaply and recycles heat produced by combustion within the units to supply other areas of (I) and produce electric power.    (US6180396-B1)   NOVELTY - A carbon-producing apparatus (I) is new and comprises a carbon dioxide-fixing unit which reduces carbon dioxide, separated from the methane emissions, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - (I) is used to fix carbon from carbon dioxide produced by anaerobic fermentation of biomass.    ADVANTAGE - The new apparatus fixes carbon from the emissions of anaerobic fermentation cheaply and recycles heat produced by combustion within the units to supply other areas of (I) and produce electric power.
(JP11255512-A)   NOVELTY - A CO concentration reducing apparatus (100) for reducing the CO concentration in a H2-rich gas consists of a selective oxidation means (120) into which the H2-rich gas and oxidative gas are introduced, a first catalyst (121) and a second catalyst (122) in the oxidation means, the second catalyst aiding oxidation of at least one component at a temperature equal to the ambient temperature of the apparatus (100).    USE - In reducing the CO content of an H2-rich stream supplied from a methanol reformer to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus and methods raise the internal temperature of the CO selective oxidation unit rapidly following start-up so that the device quickly becomes effective. The second catalyst causes the temperature of the selective oxidation unit to rise from ambient temperature. Moisture removal prevents degradation of the function of the selective oxidation catalyst.
(EP1064240-A1)   NOVELTY - Soluble organic products together with insoluble inert products are washed out, reducing the volume of waste for final disposal.    USE - Process do treat refuse containing both inert and organic substances.    ADVANTAGE - The volume of waste for final disposal is greatly reduced, and in better condition for recycling or use as a fuel.    (DE19980421-T)   NOVELTY - Soluble organic products together with insoluble inert products are washed out, reducing the volume of waste for final disposal.    USE - Process do treat refuse containing both inert and organic substances.    ADVANTAGE - The volume of waste for final disposal is greatly reduced, and in better condition for recycling or use as a fuel.
(EP1058709-A1)   NOVELTY - Rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanate foams are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyfunctional isocyanate-reactive component in the presence of a blowing agent mixture.    USE - The foams are useful in a variety of applications, especially, refrigerators.    ADVANTAGE - The foams are free from fluorine compounds and are thus more environmentally friendly than previous foams. They have improved foaming properties, are easy to process, have improved thermal insulation properties, and improved flow.    (CN1292013-A)   NOVELTY - Rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanate foams are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyfunctional isocyanate-reactive component in the presence of a blowing agent mixture.    USE - The foams are useful in a variety of applications, especially, refrigerators.    ADVANTAGE - The foams are free from fluorine compounds and are thus more environmentally friendly than previous foams. They have improved foaming properties, are easy to process, have improved thermal insulation properties, and improved flow.    (US2001014703-A1)   NOVELTY - Rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanate foams are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyfunctional isocyanate-reactive component in the presence of a blowing agent mixture.    USE - The foams are useful in a variety of applications, especially, refrigerators.    ADVANTAGE - The foams are free from fluorine compounds and are thus more environmentally friendly than previous foams. They have improved foaming properties, are easy to process, have improved thermal insulation properties, and improved flow.
(JP11250923-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack comprises first and second separators (14,16) for holding a fuel cell unit (12). The first separator (14) has a fuel gas flow passage (40) and the second separator (16) has an oxygen containing gas flow passage (50), the passages being formed by multiple grooves that decrease in number from the inlet to the outlet. The decreasing rate of the fuel gas flow passage is set to correspond to the gas utilization factor of the fuel gas.    USE - To provide source of electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Good gas diffusion and drainage performance, effectively miniatures the size of the stack.    (US6048633-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack comprises first and second separators (14,16) for holding a fuel cell unit (12). The first separator (14) has a fuel gas flow passage (40) and the second separator (16) has an oxygen containing gas flow passage (50), the passages being formed by multiple grooves that decrease in number from the inlet to the outlet. The decreasing rate of the fuel gas flow passage is set to correspond to the gas utilization factor of the fuel gas.    USE - To provide source of electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Good gas diffusion and drainage performance, effectively miniatures the size of the stack.
(EP1063272-A1)   NOVELTY - Refrigerant composition consists of: (1) at least one component selected from difluoromethane and 1,1-difluoroethane; and (2) at least one component selected from ethane, nitrous oxide, ammonia and dimethyl ether.    USE - The composition is used as a substitute for freons.    ADVANTAGE - The composition does not cause ozonosphere depletion and so shows a reduced influence on global warming. The composition shows a satisfactory performance.
(JP3081182-B2)      NOVELTY - The shellfish sludge is supplied with microbe into a fermenter (1) in primary posture and shellfish sludge fermented material is formed. The posture transformation unit (100) transforms the posture of the fermenter. The fermented material ejected from fermenter in secondary posture is mixed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Mixing conveyance unit (110) under the fermenter conveys it freely either in primary or secondary posture. The screw conveyor (32) carries out conveyance towards fixed position. The fermenter is a container with an openable door (15) and gas formed in it is ejected out. The door is positioned, in the upper portion of the fermenter in primary posture or in lower portion of fermenter in secondary posture. A door opening-closing unit opens or closes the door. The gap formation unit (3) forms gap between shellfish sludge and it consists of some frames in the container. A mesh like screen (20) is arranged near the inner wall of the casing. The fermenter has axial portion fixed by the casing and posture transformation unit has axial portion (4) and bearing (5) supported removably.    USE -   For manufacturing fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE -   By using the fermentation apparatus the process is performed efficiently. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial vertical section side view of fermentation processing apparatus. (1) Fermenter; ; (3) Gap formation unit; ; (4) Axial portion; ; (5) Bearing; ; (15) Door; ; (20) Screen; ; (32) Screw conveyor; ; (100) Posture transformation unit; ; (110) Mixing conveyance unit.
(WO200041953-A1)   NOVELTY - A composting unit for biological containers, which supplies air and drains off water is new and comprises air supply and removal openings (7), and air/insect filters (8).    USE - The arrangement is used as a composting unit which can be used to treat and decompose organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is simple and enhances the rotting process.
(DE19808895-C2)   NOVELTY - In a process for changing the concentration of components of a gas, especially room air, by scrubbing with a liquid that absorbs optionally changed components and releases the purified gas to the surroundings, the liquid contains microalgae and is exposed to light, so that oxygen is generated by photosynthesis and also released.    USE - The process is especially useful for purifying room air. The biomass grown during this operation is useful as a fertilizer, e.g. for indoor plants.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly and improves the quality of air in a room.
NOVELTY - Treacle is fermented by yeast, to obtain an alcohol slag. The alcohol slag is concentrated to 3.5 increment of the initial concentration, to obtain a slag concentrate. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and lysine were added to the slag concentrate, to obtain a fertilizer.    USE - For fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The fertilizer can be preserved for long period of time.
(EP1047629-A1)   NOVELTY - A pretreatment process for catalyst materials, especially methanol reforming catalysts, comprises: (a) a forming step involving exposure to a hydrogen-containing gas mixture followed by; (b) a deactivation step involving exposure to an oxygen-containing gas mixture.    USE - For the pretreatment of catalysts with a tendency to shrink in the reactor, especially catalysts used in methanol reforming reactions, e.g. to obtain hydrogen in fuel cell-operated motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Pretreatment is repeated until there is no further shrinkage, so that no significant loss of catalyst volume/mass occurs during prolonged operation in the reactor. There is therefore no loss of reactor performance, no need to top up the catalyst level, no overheating due to reduced heat requirements in endothermic reactions and no flaking in catalyst layers.
(JP11248271-A)   NOVELTY - Uses refrigerating machine oil having less mutual solubility with the refrigerant to generate less sediment and which has good sealing and lubricating performance.    USE - For use in refrigeration and air conditioning.    (CN1227907-A)   NOVELTY - Uses refrigerating machine oil having less mutual solubility with the refrigerant to generate less sediment and which has good sealing and lubricating performance.    USE - For use in refrigeration and air conditioning.    (US6044660-A)   NOVELTY - Uses refrigerating machine oil having less mutual solubility with the refrigerant to generate less sediment and which has good sealing and lubricating performance.    USE - For use in refrigeration and air conditioning.    (US6216476-B1)   NOVELTY - Uses refrigerating machine oil having less mutual solubility with the refrigerant to generate less sediment and which has good sealing and lubricating performance.    USE - For use in refrigeration and air conditioning.
(US6260216-B1)   NOVELTY - A composting chamber (8) for receiving toilet waste and mixing with decomposition-boosting material is located above and separated from a removable humus collection container (12) by a perforated metal grid (18) which supports the compost and allows the decomposition product, i.e. humus, to fall through. A sliding damper (22) has bars and openings (23,24) which cooperate with the grid bars and openings (19,20) to regulate the compost moisture balance.    USE - The chamber is useful for composting toilet waste, i.e. urine, faeces and toilet paper, into humus with the aid of natural microorganisms, evaporation of liquids and decomposition-boosting material, e.g. specially formulated humus. The toilet casing can house a fan motor and heating elements to circulate and heat air in order to accelerate the composting process.    ADVANTAGE - The chamber enables the compost moisture content or moisture balance to be maintained at an optimum value for the decomposition process. Otherwise, the process decelerates or may stop completely, and in the case where the compost is too moist, liquid seeps into the humus collection container and may spill over resulting in dampness and bad odors.
(EP1053292-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixture of acetylene with propane, propylene or propane/propylene with 30 - 40 % acetylene gives good results with oxygen in blowpipe operations.    USE - The mixture is well suited to the cutting of steels, particularly non-alloyed or low-alloy steels. It can also be used in operations of brazing, heating, thermal treatment and flame treatment of granites and marble.    ADVANTAGE - The presence of acetylene in the mixture gives a luminous flame and increased flame temperature, improving the quality of cut edges. The mixture produces a longer flame than that of acetylene alone and thus increases the cutting power for thick work pieces. The preheating time, before commencement of cutting, is equivalent to that obtained with TETRENE (RTM) (a mixture of 39 % methylacetylene and propadiene, 44 % of propylene, and 17 % of a mixture of butane, propane and their unsaturated derivatives), and with a superior quality of cutting and cheaper operating costs.
(JP3001852-B2)      NOVELTY - The decomposer has a stir tank (4) to which organic waste (1) is supplied and filled with granules (3). Through an opening (15) microorganisms are added for zymosis. A stirrer (5) stirs the waste and the granules. A heater (6) heats the tank and an air conditioner (7) aerates outer air to the tank. The granules are globular, porous activated alumina.    USE -   For decomposing the organic waste obtained by food processing.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is concentrated as the volume is reduced by zymosis. The decomposing process is economical. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the decomposer for organic waste. (1) Organic waste; ; (3) Granules; ; (4) Stir tank; ; (5) Stirrer; ; (6) Heater; ; (7) Air conditioner; ; (15) Opening; ; (17) Elimination hole; ; (18) Outlet; ; (21) Horizontal axis; ; (22) Connector; ; (31) Circulator; ; (33) Outer tank.
(US6022476-A)   NOVELTY - A number of bio-suspension elements (107) are disposed in a tank (10) enclosure floating at least partly submerged in said body of water (12). The elements (107) provide surfaces for growing at least five different biological microorganisms. These microorganisms are intermittently injected into said enclosure along with a water flow.    USE - To remove selected biodegradable materials from wastewater streams.    ADVANTAGE - The more effective process working at higher flow speeds is less subject to bio-fouling growths.
(EP1042800-A1)   NOVELTY - Plasma etching using e.g. an oxalyl fluoride etching composition with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) no greater than 3000.    USE - Manufacture of semi-conducting devices.    ADVANTAGE - During the etching process, unreacted chemicals and by-products do not contribute significantly to global warming.
(EP978363-A1)   NOVELTY - A process for extrusion foaming styrene resins comprises melting the resin with an expanding agent injected into it to form a mobile gel for extrusion foaming through a die at low pressure. The expanding agent mainly contains 5-40 wt.% 1 or more of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and methyl ethyl ether, and 60-95 wt.% 3-5C saturated hydrocarbons.    USE - The foams (claimed) are particularly useful as construction materials.    ADVANTAGE - Such foams have excellent heat insulating properties, compression strength and long-term storage stability, and are environmentally friendly.    (JP11534811-X)   NOVELTY - A process for extrusion foaming styrene resins comprises melting the resin with an expanding agent injected into it to form a mobile gel for extrusion foaming through a die at low pressure. The expanding agent mainly contains 5-40 wt.% 1 or more of dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and methyl ethyl ether, and 60-95 wt.% 3-5C saturated hydrocarbons.    USE - The foams (claimed) are particularly useful as construction materials.    ADVANTAGE - Such foams have excellent heat insulating properties, compression strength and long-term storage stability, and are environmentally friendly.
(EP952129-A1)   NOVELTY - Fertilizer produced from any available type of animal excrement, or their mixtures, in semi-liquid form, using a forced dehydration method, is new. Simultaneously with dehydration the material undergoes pasteurization in result of contact with hot air.    USE - The process is useful for the production of organic fertilizer from various animal excrements.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the use of starting material of high moisture content (practically in liquid state), solves the problem of manure storage and disposal and gives high quality product in relatively short time.
(EP936189-B1)   NOVELTY - A waste water treatment plant consists of a heat-insulated basin with a water inlet and outlet on opposite sides. The basin contains one or more height-adjustable semi-submerged horizontal power rotated cylinders (5) or prisms rotating on a shaft (4).    USE - Aerobic biological waste water treatment assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The machine combines high efficiency with long service life.
(EP1051372-A1)   NOVELTY - In a process and assembly to dry organic wastes in two sequential stages, the wastes are first aerated and partially de-watered. The process heat resulting from the aerobic rotting process is surrendered to material in the second stage which is thereby finally dried.    USE - Process and assembly to dry organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes certain unwanted atmospheric emissions, minimizes the quantity of air which must be transported through the process, and the associated energy requirement.
(RU2150045-C1)   NOVELTY - Process includes: charging wastes into reactor (4), possibly in a mixture with pieces of solid incombustible non-melting material; supplying a gasifying agent containing oxygen to the part of reactor where solid processing products accumulate; discharging solid processing products from reactor, and withdrawing the products of drying, pyrolysis and combustion products as the product gas, gasification being achieved by successive stay of wastes in zones of heating.    USE - The method produces hydrocarbon products of pyrolysis and fuel gas used for energy generation.    ADVANTAGE - The method can be used for environmentally friendly and energy efficient processing and disposal of poorly combustible wastes.
(EP1037602-A2)   NOVELTY - A mousse-forming cleansing shampoo composition having good conditioning performance comprises emulsified particles of a conditioning agent utilized in a propellant-driven system.    USE - The composition is used for hair treatment.    ADVANTAGE - Rinse-off surfactant-based shampoo compositions can be formulated that deliver excellent conditioning performance from a mousse product form.    (CN1284858-A)   NOVELTY - A mousse-forming cleansing shampoo composition having good conditioning performance comprises emulsified particles of a conditioning agent utilized in a propellant-driven system.    USE - The composition is used for hair treatment.    ADVANTAGE - Rinse-off surfactant-based shampoo compositions can be formulated that deliver excellent conditioning performance from a mousse product form.    (US2001006621-A1)   NOVELTY - A mousse-forming cleansing shampoo composition having good conditioning performance comprises emulsified particles of a conditioning agent utilized in a propellant-driven system.    USE - The composition is used for hair treatment.    ADVANTAGE - Rinse-off surfactant-based shampoo compositions can be formulated that deliver excellent conditioning performance from a mousse product form.
(EP998430-A1)   NOVELTY - A biological process to treat waste water bearing a heavy organic pollution load is new in which the water is introduced into a basin in which it is mixed and acidified (A).    USE - The new process is used to treat water containing a heavy organic load of impurities.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a higher degree of cleaning for the waste water, combined with an enhanced methane yield at lower cost.    (CN1289313-A)   NOVELTY - A biological process to treat waste water bearing a heavy organic pollution load is new in which the water is introduced into a basin in which it is mixed and acidified (A).    USE - The new process is used to treat water containing a heavy organic load of impurities.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a higher degree of cleaning for the waste water, combined with an enhanced methane yield at lower cost.
(EP968137-A1)   NOVELTY - Bioconversion waste water treatment plant includes an additional transport linear or circular motion of a rotating biocontactor (22) while treated water is stationary. The biocontactor is carried along the tank by a trolley frame (21) and is submerged in the tank. The biocontactor continuously rotates about its shaft (30) while moving in the tank.    USE - For waste water treatment of olive oil processing plant.    ADVANTAGE - The phytotoxicity is reduced and the waste water is converted into ecological fertilizer. The biocontactor inoculates, mixes and oxygenates a multiple tank volume and a greater waste water volume, so that the system has improved efficiency and is cheap.
(US5989316-A)   NOVELTY - A barium-exchanged ETS-4 molecular sieve contains barium as at least 30 % of the exchangeable cations.    USE - The molecular sieve is used to remove nitrogen from methane, particularly from natural gas wells, e.g. using a pressure swing cycle.    ADVANTAGE - Barium-exchanged ETS-4 is thermally stable in dehydration processes, and has adsorptivity towards nitrogen which is 5 - 50 times greater its adsorptivity towards methane at ambient pressure.    (EP1042065-A1)   NOVELTY - A barium-exchanged ETS-4 molecular sieve contains barium as at least 30 % of the exchangeable cations.    USE - The molecular sieve is used to remove nitrogen from methane, particularly from natural gas wells, e.g. using a pressure swing cycle.    ADVANTAGE - Barium-exchanged ETS-4 is thermally stable in dehydration processes, and has adsorptivity towards nitrogen which is 5 - 50 times greater its adsorptivity towards methane at ambient pressure.
(JP2980877-B2)      NOVELTY - A control unit stores quantity of fertilizer lump to be dehydrated and sent to measurement hopper. Quantity of the lump to be granulated by a granulator at specific time is also stored. Corresponding to the stored information, dehydration and granulation are performed with control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dehydrator dehydrates the fertilizer lump and then, the fertilizer is sent to the measurement hopper through pipings, from which it is supplied to the granulator through another pipeline, for stirring and granulating. A powder measurement hopper supplies powder to the granulator. The dehydrator is installed above the granulator and the measurement hopper above the dehydrator. Bags with powder are conveyed by conveyors to the powder measurement hopper where seal breaking of the bags are performed. An observation department observes the fertilizer granulation operation. Some of the fertilizer particles are stored in the granulation retainer. A camera shots the stored fertilizer particles present in the retainers. A signal processing display measures the particles size shot by the camera. Based on the particle size information, granulation is performed which is controlled by the control unit.    USE -   In waste water treatment plant of agricultural colonies.    ADVANTAGE -   Fertilizer lump or sewage sludge can be supplied automatically by operating the control unit, as the control unit controls the supply amount. Fertilizer production system becomes excellent and grain like fertilizer is obtained by automation. Working expense in plants for processing is reduced and recycling becomes possible by providing the system. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of the fertilizer production system. Parts list: (1) Granulator; (17A) Dehydrator; (17B) Measurement hopper; (18B) Powder measurement hopper; (34) Camera; (35) Display; (C) Control unit.
(JP3200033-B2)      NOVELTY - Sludge stored in acceptable bath is sent to circulation tank and aerated and is made to contact a humus pellet that makes it circulate between circulation tank and sludge contact tank. An aerobic organism is added. The oxidation-reduction potential of the sludge is increased more than a set valve, a coagulant is added and mixed by mingling bath and dehydrated by a dehydrator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for describing the sludge disposal apparatus.    USE -   For processing sludge obtained during biochemical treatment of organic waste water, to remove phosphorus from sludge and to prevent its release into rivers etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents entrophication and phosphorus release into river reliably. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts block diagram of sludge removal apparatus. Parts list: (40) Sludge acceptable bath; (50) Sludge circulation tank; (60) Sludge contact tank; (90) Dehydrator.
(WO9932636-A1)   NOVELTY - An Enterobacter cloacae bacterial strain referred to as PB2 and deposited as NCIMB 40718, which is able to degrade trinitrotoluene (TNT), is new.    USE - The Enterobacter cloacae bacterial strain is useful for the preparation of compositions for the biodegradation of environmental waste containing TNT.    (ZA9811409-A)   NOVELTY - An Enterobacter cloacae bacterial strain referred to as PB2 and deposited as NCIMB 40718, which is able to degrade trinitrotoluene (TNT), is new.    USE - The Enterobacter cloacae bacterial strain is useful for the preparation of compositions for the biodegradation of environmental waste containing TNT.
(WO9920390-A1)   NOVELTY - A catalytic chemical reaction process employs a catalytically active metal phase on an alpha silicon nitride based support and is carried out at 200-800degreesC.    USE - The silicon nitride is used as a catalyst support (claimed). The catalyst is used for oxidation reactions, especially combustion of methane (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The use of a support of alpha silicon nitride, instead of beta silicon nitride, allows reduction of the reaction temperature to avoid production of pollutants such as carbon monoxide (from decomposition of carbon dioxide and/or partial oxidation of methane) and nitrogen oxides (from oxidation of nitrogen in the air), while providing high stability and high reactivity under severe conditions, i.e. a highly exothermic oxidizing atmosphere.    (EP1024897-A1)   NOVELTY - A catalytic chemical reaction process employs a catalytically active metal phase on an alpha silicon nitride based support and is carried out at 200-800degreesC.    USE - The silicon nitride is used as a catalyst support (claimed). The catalyst is used for oxidation reactions, especially combustion of methane (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The use of a support of alpha silicon nitride, instead of beta silicon nitride, allows reduction of the reaction temperature to avoid production of pollutants such as carbon monoxide (from decomposition of carbon dioxide and/or partial oxidation of methane) and nitrogen oxides (from oxidation of nitrogen in the air), while providing high stability and high reactivity under severe conditions, i.e. a highly exothermic oxidizing atmosphere.
(DE19805045-A1)   NOVELTY - The biomass (3) in e.g. a bale, heaps, pressed sheet bale (4), silo or off-roll container is contained in an air tight envelope (5), and dosed (7, 8) once only with inoculant. Fermentation proceeds anaerobically with no further addition.    USE - To produce methane whilst composting or digesting biowastes.    ADVANTAGE - The process aims at minimal cost and simplest possible execution, using readily available waste materials with little special preparation. Small charges may be treated. The normal containment is used in situ, at the location where the waste arises. The reaction mass itself is not made substantially liquid, to be pumped round at high cost. Only percolate is recirculated.    (DE29923910-U1)   NOVELTY - The biomass (3) in e.g. a bale, heaps, pressed sheet bale (4), silo or off-roll container is contained in an air tight envelope (5), and dosed (7, 8) once only with inoculant. Fermentation proceeds anaerobically with no further addition.    USE - To produce methane whilst composting or digesting biowastes.    ADVANTAGE - The process aims at minimal cost and simplest possible execution, using readily available waste materials with little special preparation. Small charges may be treated. The normal containment is used in situ, at the location where the waste arises. The reaction mass itself is not made substantially liquid, to be pumped round at high cost. Only percolate is recirculated.
(DE29824136-U1)   NOVELTY - A process for the reduction of rubbish by thermal and biological treatment is new, and comprises using a double walled rubbish container. Hot water is continuously circulated within the walls using a pump and the hot water is obtained from the exhaust gases of a lorry or from a solar collector.    USE - The process is used to reduce rubbish.    ADVANTAGE - The rubbish can be treated during transport to its end storage point.
(EP937504-A2)   NOVELTY - To process rubbish and waste, it is sorted into materials for recycling and materials for incineration. The untreated waste is sorted into fine and coarse materials in a multifunction drum (2). The separated heavy fraction (34) is sorted (34) into unusable (87) and usable (88) fractions.    USE - The assembly is for the processing, disposal and recycling of domestic waste and rubbish.    ADVANTAGE - The operation gives a marked reduction in rubbish disposal costs and the max. recovery of material and energy from the waste.
NOVELTY - A polyamide membrane for separating fluids and gases contains polyamide units derived from 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine.    USE - Used for separating fluids and gases.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has a large free volume and good permeation properties such as permeability and permeation selectivity.
(DE19858187-A1)   NOVELTY - An apparatus arrangement for reducing the organic components in clarified slurry comprises a first container for sludge and a second container for thermal disintegration.    USE - For reducing the organic components in clarified slurry.    ADVANTAGE - Considerable reduction of organic dry substances in achieved.    (WO200035817-A1)   NOVELTY - An apparatus arrangement for reducing the organic components in clarified slurry comprises a first container for sludge and a second container for thermal disintegration.    USE - For reducing the organic components in clarified slurry.    ADVANTAGE - Considerable reduction of organic dry substances in achieved.
(DE19811398-A1)   NOVELTY - A digester tank (1) has a preferably peripheral stirrer (22) fitted in a stirrer shaft or tube (12) located below the tank filling socket (7).    USE - The digester tank is useful for waste organic matter decomposition and fermentation in agricultural bio-gas units and municipal clarification plants.    ADVANTAGE - The stirrer provides improved thorough mixing of the waste matter and thus increases the digester tank efficiency and gas separation.    (EP1017783-A1)   NOVELTY - A digester tank (1) has a preferably peripheral stirrer (22) fitted in a stirrer shaft or tube (12) located below the tank filling socket (7).    USE - The digester tank is useful for waste organic matter decomposition and fermentation in agricultural bio-gas units and municipal clarification plants.    ADVANTAGE - The stirrer provides improved thorough mixing of the waste matter and thus increases the digester tank efficiency and gas separation.
(JP11172033-A)   NOVELTY - The use of alkane or cycloalkane as ozone/environment-friendly foaming agent in combination with fluoroamine, taking part in pore formation process.    USE - In building and construction industry, as heat-insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - The foam combines high compressive strength with low surface brittleness, high dimensional stability, high solvent and heat resistance, good processability and good fire-retardant properties, and also it is ozone-friendly and has low coefficient of greenhouse effect.    (EP1040157-A1)   NOVELTY - The use of alkane or cycloalkane as ozone/environment-friendly foaming agent in combination with fluoroamine, taking part in pore formation process.    USE - In building and construction industry, as heat-insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - The foam combines high compressive strength with low surface brittleness, high dimensional stability, high solvent and heat resistance, good processability and good fire-retardant properties, and also it is ozone-friendly and has low coefficient of greenhouse effect.    (CN1281480-A)   NOVELTY - The use of alkane or cycloalkane as ozone/environment-friendly foaming agent in combination with fluoroamine, taking part in pore formation process.    USE - In building and construction industry, as heat-insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - The foam combines high compressive strength with low surface brittleness, high dimensional stability, high solvent and heat resistance, good processability and good fire-retardant properties, and also it is ozone-friendly and has low coefficient of greenhouse effect.
(US5992175-A)   NOVELTY - A process for separating ethane and propane hydrocarbons from a pressurized hydrocarbon containing gas feed has the steps of: (1) Introducing cooled gas feed condensate into a distillation column at one or more feed trays, the column having a number of liquid recovery trays; (2) Condensing hydrocarbon liquids in the recovery trays; (3) Withdrawing a condensed hydrocarbon liquid from one or more recovery trays below the lowest feed tray; (4) Producing a two phase stream by reducing the pressure of at least a portion of the withdrawn liquid and separating the stream into vapor and liquid streams; (5) Reintroducing the vapor stream into the column with input gas feed via a heat exchanger to equalize the combined gas temperature    USE - To recover natural gas (NGL) liquids from raw natural gas, refinery or petrochemical plant gas streams    ADVANTAGE - Increases the ethane and propane concentration in the column, reducing the tray temperature profile increasing separation efficiency allowing the column to operate at lower temperatures and higher pressures providing significant energy savings
(WO9965830-A1)   NOVELTY - Biological abiotic waste treatment system provides conjugate degradation and reduction of carbanaceous biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD), toxic recalcitrant organics, and nitrogen and phosphorus and minimizes excess biosolids.    USE - The methods provide simple, efficient, reliable, stable and economical systems for removal of organics, nutrients, and other target constituents, while generating little or no waste biological solids. Conjugate degradation and reduction of carbonaceous BOD and COD, toxic and recalcitrant organics and nitrogen and phosphorus and minimization of excess biosolids is enabled.    (EP1027294-A1)   NOVELTY - Biological abiotic waste treatment system provides conjugate degradation and reduction of carbanaceous biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD), toxic recalcitrant organics, and nitrogen and phosphorus and minimizes excess biosolids.    USE - The methods provide simple, efficient, reliable, stable and economical systems for removal of organics, nutrients, and other target constituents, while generating little or no waste biological solids. Conjugate degradation and reduction of carbonaceous BOD and COD, toxic and recalcitrant organics and nitrogen and phosphorus and minimization of excess biosolids is enabled.
(JP11193388-A)      NOVELTY - The organic waste is dried in a dryer (12) and adsorbed on absorbent powder selected from active coke, activated charcoal, wood coal, dry distilled carbide and zeolite in a bag-type filler deodoriser (30). The organic waste adsorbed powder is cast during which the exhaust gas is introduced to a denitration catalyst (64).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The pollution to the environment is decreased and generation of odour from the product is prevented. Consumption of heat energy is reduced during the process. The catalyst is not poisoned by the adherence of dust particles. The process is economical as the absorbents are cheap. Ammonia can be used as a reducer if the organic waste contains ammonia. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a moist organic waste processing apparatus.    USE -   For treating moist organic waste, e.g. sewage or animal waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the processing apparatus for moist organic waste. (12) Dryer; (30) Bag filter-type deodoriser; (64) Denitration catalyst.
(JP11196865-A)   NOVELTY - New immobilized cell aggregate is new, and comprises a support and cohesive or adhesive cells. The cohesive or adhesive cells can be immobilized on the support, are capable of growth in the aggregate and a cell with lowered cell activity or a dead cell can drop out from the aggregate due to loss of its cohesive or adhesive activity.    USE - The cell aggregate is useful for the production of a desired material or for the decomposition of environmental pollutants (especially the desired product is an enzyme capable of the bioconversion of a pollutant into a non-toxic substance). The desired product is a protein, an amino acid, an enzyme, or an antibody for use in pharmaceuticals or food.    ADVANTAGE - The production of a specific material or the decomposition of pollutants is carried out efficiently, due to the ability of the cells in the aggregate to drop out from loss of cohesive or adhesive activity, therefore only living cells can remain in the immobilized cell aggregate. An immobilized cell aggregate (having the ability to produce P450), was compared to a free cell suspension (also having the ability to produce P450). The immobilized cell aggregate produced 3.16 x 10-9 mole/cell of P450, whereas, there was no detection of P450 from the free yeast, due to there being yeast with lowered cell activity and some yeast that was dead.
(EP980106-A2)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has: one or more fuel cells which each have an anode (4), a cathode (3) and an electrolytic membrane (5) which is located between the anode and cathode; a first gas supply device (10) to supply a gas to the anode that has fuel gas; a second gas supply device (40) to supply a gas to the cathode that has oxygen; supply devices (50) for water to supply water over a surface of the cathode.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of keeping a proton exchange membrane in a damp state.    (US2001001287-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has: one or more fuel cells which each have an anode (4), a cathode (3) and an electrolytic membrane (5) which is located between the anode and cathode; a first gas supply device (10) to supply a gas to the anode that has fuel gas; a second gas supply device (40) to supply a gas to the cathode that has oxygen; supply devices (50) for water to supply water over a surface of the cathode.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of keeping a proton exchange membrane in a damp state.
(EP980107-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has: a stack (2) of several fuel cells which each have an anode, a cathode and an electrolytic membrane located between them; an air inlet distributor (45) which is mounted above the stack to supply air to several longitudinally extending air passages of the cells in the stack; one or more nozzle devices (55) which are mounted on side walls of the air inlet distributor to inject water into the distributor; and water supply devices (50) for the nozzle devices.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of keeping a proton exchange membrane in a damp state.    (US6238814-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has: a stack (2) of several fuel cells which each have an anode, a cathode and an electrolytic membrane located between them; an air inlet distributor (45) which is mounted above the stack to supply air to several longitudinally extending air passages of the cells in the stack; one or more nozzle devices (55) which are mounted on side walls of the air inlet distributor to inject water into the distributor; and water supply devices (50) for the nozzle devices.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of keeping a proton exchange membrane in a damp state.
(WO9929621-A1)   NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.    (DE19753720-C2)   NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.    (EP1036032-A1)   NOVELTY - A vertical stack of plates defines alternate reaction and cooling spaces, the reaction spaces being filled with catalyst. Channels are made through the stack to carry the CO/H2 gas mixture and a cooling fluid. The oxidizing gas, normally atmospheric O2 is passed directly into the gas mixture channel.    USE - To selectively oxidize the CO in a product gas mixture from a hydrogen reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The system for introducing and mixing the oxidizing gas is simplified. The ratio of reaction volume to coolant volume is high providing a compact device. The number of stages can be easily varied providing good flexibility.
NOVELTY - Method of producing feed stuff or organic fertilizer from edible waste material by naturally fermenting, drying and sterilizing the material at low temperatures while uniformly mixing and crushing the material in a chamber, is new.    USE - The method is for the disposal of edible waste material consisting of domestic and commercial food waste products in addition to marine, livestock and agriculture by-products resulting from the commercial production of food items. It is particularly useful in producing feedstuff or organic fertilizer from the waste.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is economical in the consumption of electricity.
(JP2000015227-A)      NOVELTY - A moving blade (25) blends with microaerobion in fermentation tank (11) which pulverizes refuse. An aerator (12) receiving air via air supply flow path (15), blends refuse from tank and subjects the refuse to aeration. Aerated sludge is fed again to the tank via a feedback path (13). Exhaust gas from the tank is ejected out via a stream path (14). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Weir (31) is installed perpendicularly in the refuse transfer direction of the fermentation tank (11) to the aerator.    USE -   For processing organic refuse ejected from residence, store, factory, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables recycling evaporated water from refuse in fermentation tank. Improves fermentation and aeration of refuse by microaerobion. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents entire component of refuse processing apparatus. (11) Fermentation tank; (12) Aerator; (13) Feedback path; (14) Stream path; (15) Air supply flow path; (25) Moving blade; (31) Weir.
(JP11183436-A)   NOVELTY - The gas sensor (10A) has a current supplier (14) comprising a frequency controller (84) for controlling the frequency of a pulse waveform which has a constant crest value.    USE - The gas sensor measures oxides such as NO, NO2, SO2, CO2 and H2O contained in e.g. atmospheric air and exhaust gas discharged from vehicles or automobiles, and inflammable gases such as CO and CnHm.    ADVANTAGE - The gas sensor allows highly accurate measurement of a predetermined gas component whilst remaining unaffected by e.g. electric noise. It is possible to compensate the dispersion among individual sensors without increasing the number of terminals.
(EP1032952-A1)   NOVELTY - The system generates non-explosive nitrogen-hydrogen cover gas and hydrogen-rich startup gas during startup and cool down of a solid oxide fuel cell system.    USE - For use in solid oxide fuel cell power generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - Compact and safe system provides on-site generation of non-explosive cover gas and hydrogen-rich startup gas.
(TW371297-A)      NOVELTY - The machine has a cylindrical drum having lids on front and back side of it, respectively. The front lid is provided with an inlet for refuse, a hopper and an air drain hole and the back lid is provided with a drain hole and an outlet for compost. The drum is rotated along the axis of a shaft by means of a drive motor. The air from the drum is exhausted by an air emission unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The machine has a cylindrical drum having lids on front and back side of it, respectively. The front lid is provided with an inlet for refuse, a hopper and an air drain hole and the back lid is provided with a drain hole and an outlet for compost. The drum is rotated along the axis of a shaft by means of a drive motor. The air from the drum is exhausted by an air emission unit. The refuse is cut by a cutting unit received from the hopper and is conveyed by a conveyor. The main axis of the drum is parallel to the axis of the shaft.    USE -   For organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The efficiency of processing the refuse is improved and the TOC value is reduced. The rotten smell of the refuse is prevented. The electrical power required for the process is minimum, therefore the processing cost is reduced. The usage of sawdust is eliminated. The refuse is processed aerobically. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the organic refuse processing machine. Parts list: (2) Hood; (6) Drum; (8,9) Lids; (14) Inlet; (15) Air drain hole; (16) Air emission unit; (18) Drain hole; (23,24) Rollers; (27) Hopper; (28) Cutting unit; (29) Conveyor; (40) Air inlet; (B) Blades; (S) Shaft.
(TW370517-A)      NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a cylindrical drum (installed on a rotation shaft), on rotating actuator and a suction device which forces out air through a drain hole of the drum. The rotation shaft is equipped with a cutter which is configured in parallel, and the cutting blades are arranged as a whorl near an intake hole of the drum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus comprises a cylindrical drum (provided with front and back lids and installed on a rotation shaft) and an actuator. The front lid has an intake hole and an air drain opening, while the back lid has a drain hole and an air intake opening. The apparatus is also provided with a suction device which forces out air through the air drain hole. The rotation shaft comprises a cutter configured parallelly and the cutting blades are arranged as a whorl, near the intake hole.    USE -   For aerobic oxidative degradation of organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus is compact and efficient. The amount of organic carbons can be remarkably reduced and generation of odor during processing, is mitigated. Processing cost is reduced. The obtained compost can be discharged automatically. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the organic refuse processing apparatus. (2) Hood; ; (6) Drum; ; (12,13) Grooves; ; (17) Suction device; ; (23,24) Rollers; ; (27) Rotation shaft; ; (29-32) Cutting blades.
(EP1041059-A2)   NOVELTY - A composting assembly for kitchen and garden waste has four sides and a lid. Three sides hinge-clip together and may be detached from each other. The assembly is preferably made of plastic, and incorporates air apertures in the side walls.    USE - Thermo-composting assembly for kitchen and garden wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly may be transported in knock-down condition and is easily assembled.
(EP1028931-A1)   NOVELTY - Composter for night soil and other biodegradable material.    USE - Composter for night soil and other waste, for easy transport and dumping at depot.    ADVANTAGE - By draining off the liquid, the volume of the waste is reduced by 95 to 98%; the composter may typically be used for up to 2 years before needing to be emptied. The waste is contained in a sack which is discharged at a depot; discharging is easy and clean. The new sack is inserted completed with working compost bed. If the composter is full with non-composted material, it can be put aside and replaced while composting continues. The sack is biodegradable. The carrier is made of panels which can be transported flat and erected on site. No manual handling is required. The compost is contained in a sealed sack. The device may be used in emergency situations, e.g. refugee camps.    (CN1278784-A)   NOVELTY - Composter for night soil and other biodegradable material.    USE - Composter for night soil and other waste, for easy transport and dumping at depot.    ADVANTAGE - By draining off the liquid, the volume of the waste is reduced by 95 to 98%; the composter may typically be used for up to 2 years before needing to be emptied. The waste is contained in a sack which is discharged at a depot; discharging is easy and clean. The new sack is inserted completed with working compost bed. If the composter is full with non-composted material, it can be put aside and replaced while composting continues. The sack is biodegradable. The carrier is made of panels which can be transported flat and erected on site. No manual handling is required. The compost is contained in a sealed sack. The device may be used in emergency situations, e.g. refugee camps.
(WO9960098-A1)      NOVELTY - Aerobic Burkholderia cepacia decomposes an organic salt element system agrochemicals e.g. pentachloro nitro benzene into an aerobic material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) an integration method of the decomposition microbe; and (2) isolation method of decomposition microbe.    USE -   For river water and underground water contamination prevention.    ADVANTAGE -   The microbe Burkholderia cepacia can easily decompose pentachloro nitro benzene and CNP which are difficult to be decomposed. Decomposition of the agrochemicals by the microbe prevents contamination of river water and ground water by the agrochemicals.    (JP11318435-A)      NOVELTY - Aerobic Burkholderia cepacia decomposes an organic salt element system agrochemicals e.g. pentachloro nitro benzene into an aerobic material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) an integration method of the decomposition microbe; and (2) isolation method of decomposition microbe.    USE -   For river water and underground water contamination prevention.    ADVANTAGE -   The microbe Burkholderia cepacia can easily decompose pentachloro nitro benzene and CNP which are difficult to be decomposed. Decomposition of the agrochemicals by the microbe prevents contamination of river water and ground water by the agrochemicals.
(JP11236561-A)   NOVELTY - A hypofluorite gas is used for removal of deposits by a gas-solid reaction.    USE - For etching away completely of unwanted deposits (claimed), especially in thin film semiconductor or optical device production, super steel material production, thick and thin films, powders, whiskers, etc. by CVD or PVD processes.    ADVANTAGE - The etching gas is made harmless to the environment after removal of the deposits    (CN1225938-A)   NOVELTY - A hypofluorite gas is used for removal of deposits by a gas-solid reaction.    USE - For etching away completely of unwanted deposits (claimed), especially in thin film semiconductor or optical device production, super steel material production, thick and thin films, powders, whiskers, etc. by CVD or PVD processes.    ADVANTAGE - The etching gas is made harmless to the environment after removal of the deposits    (JP3014368-B2)   NOVELTY - A hypofluorite gas is used for removal of deposits by a gas-solid reaction.    USE - For etching away completely of unwanted deposits (claimed), especially in thin film semiconductor or optical device production, super steel material production, thick and thin films, powders, whiskers, etc. by CVD or PVD processes.    ADVANTAGE - The etching gas is made harmless to the environment after removal of the deposits    (JP2000063826-A)   NOVELTY - A hypofluorite gas is used for removal of deposits by a gas-solid reaction.    USE - For etching away completely of unwanted deposits (claimed), especially in thin film semiconductor or optical device production, super steel material production, thick and thin films, powders, whiskers, etc. by CVD or PVD processes.    ADVANTAGE - The etching gas is made harmless to the environment after removal of the deposits
(NL1010703-C2)      Process for treatment of biological waste or contaminated soil comprises forming a first layer of the waste or soil on a surface, growing rhizomatous plants on the first layer, harvesting the plants, depositing a second layer of the waste or soil on the previous layer and treating it in the same manner, optionally repeating this process one or more times, and disposing of the residual material. The depth of the second layer must be such that the plants' rhizomes can grow through it.    USE -   especially for treating contaminated compost, waste from the food industry, sewage sludge, or soil contaminated with heavy metals.
(WO200060030-A1)      NOVELTY - Plastic and cardboard are mixed with sawdust and then compacted to form fuel pellets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel pellet prepared from compacted particles comprises (A) 30-50 wt.% plastic, (B) 25-35 wt.% cardboard, and (C) 25-35 wt.% sawdust.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Compared with previous sawdust-based pellets, the tendency to crumble into smaller pieces is reduced, moisture repellency is improved and ash formation during combustion is reduced. The pellets also produce a good amount of heat when burnt.
(DE19754988-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixture of methane, ammonia and oxygen to be catalytically converted to hydrogen cyanide is heated to the required reaction temperature by means of an indirect heat exchanger using the heat given out by the reaction.    USE - To manufacture hydrogen cyanide using the Andrussow Process.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is compact and inexpensive to manufacture.    (JP11236215-A)   NOVELTY - A mixture of methane, ammonia and oxygen to be catalytically converted to hydrogen cyanide is heated to the required reaction temperature by means of an indirect heat exchanger using the heat given out by the reaction.    USE - To manufacture hydrogen cyanide using the Andrussow Process.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is compact and inexpensive to manufacture.
(DE10005390-A1)   NOVELTY - Previously-stored materials of varying consistency enter the tempering, syphonic air lock or lute section (1), passing into an inclined fermenter (2).    USE - For making methane by digestion of materials with differing consistency, e.g. biomass and sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The design permits handling of near-solid and/or more fluid masses. Little special equipment is required. Operation takes place in plug flow, rather than stirred reaction, under continuous flow rate control.
(US5906436-A)   NOVELTY - Agitator (48) for aerating and displacing material in composting bay comprises structural frame member(s) (50a-i); conveyor (56) for discharging composting material from agitator into composting bay; feeder (54) for taking material from bay to conveyor; bridge breaker(s) (58) for contacting material, causing it to fall evenly on conveyor.    USE - Agitating and aerating composting material in compost bays in large scale treatment of industrial and municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus treats deep compost beds quickly, efficiently and for long periods without maintenance. Different heights of bed can be treated. Crusted beds can be treated. A large volume of compost can be treated in a relatively small reaction vessel.    (EP1028932-A1)   NOVELTY - Agitator (48) for aerating and displacing material in composting bay comprises structural frame member(s) (50a-i); conveyor (56) for discharging composting material from agitator into composting bay; feeder (54) for taking material from bay to conveyor; bridge breaker(s) (58) for contacting material, causing it to fall evenly on conveyor.    USE - Agitating and aerating composting material in compost bays in large scale treatment of industrial and municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus treats deep compost beds quickly, efficiently and for long periods without maintenance. Different heights of bed can be treated. Crusted beds can be treated. A large volume of compost can be treated in a relatively small reaction vessel.
(JP3131176-B2)      NOVELTY - A vegetable scum used as activated carbon is mixed with organic waste in a mixer (1). The mixer is fermented in fermenter (9) to obtain a fertilizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fertilizer manufacture apparatus. The apparatus consists of activated carbon manufacturing apparatus, mixing apparatus, fermenter and wood collection apparatus.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The addition of activated carbon controls the production of odor. The organic waste is recycled and used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the manufacturing apparatus of fertilizer. (1) Mixer; (9) Fermenter.
(US6177005-B1)      NOVELTY - Treated water stirred by an agitator is passed via charcoal in tank (31) contacts aerobic microorganism at chamber (40) and gets treated. The treated water is again made to circulate via charcoal and contact anaerobic microorganism at chamber (39) of the tank and gets treated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an ultra-pure water forming apparatus.    USE -   For forming ultra-pure water used in manufacture of semiconductor device such as highly integrated DRAM.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces electrical conductivity of water by denitrification action of anaerobic microorganism. Reduces total organic carbon by action of microorganism. Suppresses microorganism peeling off from fixation carrier due to downward processing of water under aerobic and anaerobic condition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of an example of the ultra-pure water treatment equipment. (31) Tank; (39,40) Chambers.
(JP3128772-B2)      NOVELTY - An enzyme extracted from plants by burning with carbohydrates is mixed and stirred with a microorganism to form a first enzyme. Another microorganism, proteins, and an organic acid are added to the first mixture to form an intermediate enzyme. Finally, a third microorganism and animal proteins are added to the intermediate enzyme to form the fermentation enzyme.    USE -   For decomposition of organic refuse, manufacture of organic fertilizer, animal feed etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The manufacturing process is clean and does not produce putrefactive smell. The enzyme enables wide usage as a refuse decomposing material and for manufacture of fertilizer, feeds.
(US6053266-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (210) produces electric power from a fuel and an oxidant. A propulsion motor (220) receives power from the fuel cell and is connected via a belt to drive an air supply system including a compressor (230) to direct a reactant fluid stream into the fuel cell via an oxidant supply subsystem (236).    USE - Fuel cell powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved operation and control of the fuel cell temperature.    (US6223844-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack (210) produces electric power from a fuel and an oxidant. A propulsion motor (220) receives power from the fuel cell and is connected via a belt to drive an air supply system including a compressor (230) to direct a reactant fluid stream into the fuel cell via an oxidant supply subsystem (236).    USE - Fuel cell powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved operation and control of the fuel cell temperature.
(EP958723-A1)   NOVELTY - A purification plant for the treatment of liquid manure using a stirrer and then passed through a filter screen and press to remove solids. The liquid filtrate is passed through a long flocculating trough, sedimented, treated with aluminum chloride and filtered through silica and diatomaceous earth before being subjected to aeration and oxidation.    USE - The separated solids are rich in phosphorus and nitrogen, making them suitable for use as organic fertilisers.    ADVANTAGE - The plant takes up a smaller surface area and offers faster separation compared with sedimentation tanks, and is less energy intensive than an installation using centrifugal filters or filter belts.
(EP1019702-A1)   NOVELTY - An infrared detection of hydrocarbon gases using single and dual band pass filter.    USE - For infrared detection of hydrocarbon gases to detect leakages form oil rigs, pipelines, storage tanks or refineries.    ADVANTAGE - All the C1-7 alkanes can be monitored and the detection accuracy is increased. Possibility of false alarms are reduced. The effects of harsh weather conditions are minimized.
(JP3163537-B2)      NOVELTY - Many flight members which run through an organic waste are fixed to the periphery of an endless chain wrapped and rotated between two sprockets around the main body of an agitator mounted inside a process tank. A guide rail is inseparably fixed to the pelvic surface around the agitator main body to regulate rotation of the chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The agitator carries out stirring fermentation of the organic waste inserted into the process stand.    USE -   For fermentation decomposition process of organic waste e.g. sludge of sewage.    ADVANTAGE -   The flight members attached to the endless chain are prevented from losing touch with the main body of an agitator since the chain is prevented from separation by being anchored with a guide rail. There is no fear of an accident where one gets hurt with the flight members of the endless chain. The failure of the agitator can be prevented. The stirring and fermentation efficiency can be improved since the sift up of organic waste to the flight member is regulated by the guide rails. The generation of useless vibration can be prevented and the operation accuracy can be improved. The life span of the agitator can be extended. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a perspective diagram showing the agitator of a waste decomposition processing equipment. Parts list: (5) Agitator; (5a) Main body; (5b) Pelvic surface; (6,7) Sprockets; (8) Endless chain; (8a) Guide rail; (10) Flight members.
(JP11133640-A)   NOVELTY - The element has an outer coating hydrogenated carbon thin film to prevent fusion of toner to the element surface.    USE - Used for an electrophotographic apparatus and processing.    ADVANTAGE - The toner does not fuse to the carbon film and surface polishing of the member is not needed    (JP11133641-A)   NOVELTY - The element has an outer coating hydrogenated carbon thin film to prevent fusion of toner to the element surface.    USE - Used for an electrophotographic apparatus and processing.    ADVANTAGE - The toner does not fuse to the carbon film and surface polishing of the member is not needed    (US6001521-A)   NOVELTY - The element has an outer coating hydrogenated carbon thin film to prevent fusion of toner to the element surface.    USE - Used for an electrophotographic apparatus and processing.    ADVANTAGE - The toner does not fuse to the carbon film and surface polishing of the member is not needed
(US6143268-A)   NOVELTY - A method of making a carbonaceous material for a lithium ion cell electrode (12) comprises contacting pyrolysed organic material with hydrocarbon gas sufficiently to give an increased reversible cell capacity and low irreversible capacity.    USE - As carbonaceous electrode materials for lithium ion electrodes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method simply and effectively produces carbonaceous materials that are free of species which react irreversibly with lithium and give minimum irreversible capacitance and maximum reversible capacitance.
(WO9929188-A1)   NOVELTY - Method removes coconut meat from whole coconuts and dries it to form copra by a cleaner and more automated method while simultaneously processing the husks and coconut shells.    USE - Copra produced by this process is used as the raw material in the production of coconut oil, which is used in the production of soap, margarine and detergents. The byproduct from this processing, a cake described as coconut-stearin, is used as an animal feed. The shells are carbonized and may then be used as a fuel and the husks may either be used as a fuel in the process or further treated to give coir fiber, which can be formed into e.g. mats ropes and brooms.    ADVANTAGE - The method avoids contamination of coconut meat during any of the processes. Drying the meat to form copra increases the weight which can be packed into a container, reducing transport costs to the secondary processing plant, and increases storage time. The automation of the process reduces labor input and provides greater control of production. The shells and husks are not wasted as in prior art processes.
(BE1011687-A5)   NOVELTY - The reactor tank comprises bacterial biomass and a partition for containing the aeration zone, a vortex recirculation zone and a settlement zone. The treatment also comprises means for periodically injecting air, to suspend the biomass and favor its growth.    USE - A waste water treatment plant, suitable for single habitation or small communal installations.    ADVANTAGE - The plant requires little maintenance in comparison with prior art, improving its suitability for very small works. Conversion is 80 - 90 %, with total phosphate elimination. Activated sludge production is reduced by more than 90 % by bacterial activity. With a bacterial concentration of 8 g/l and aeration of 9 hours 45 minutes/day, the performance reaches 84 %, including phosphorus elimination.
(GB2339474-A)   NOVELTY - A gas, e.g. methane, sensor has a flame barrier which allows passage of the test gas from the measuring chamber and its gas-impermeable housing.    USE - As gas sensor with explosion-protection flame barrier.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor has a shorter reaction time than prior art and is more sensitive than prior art esp. sintered metal flame barriers.    (FR2781054-A1)   NOVELTY - A gas, e.g. methane, sensor has a flame barrier which allows passage of the test gas from the measuring chamber and its gas-impermeable housing.    USE - As gas sensor with explosion-protection flame barrier.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor has a shorter reaction time than prior art and is more sensitive than prior art esp. sintered metal flame barriers.    (GB2339474-B)   NOVELTY - A gas, e.g. methane, sensor has a flame barrier which allows passage of the test gas from the measuring chamber and its gas-impermeable housing.    USE - As gas sensor with explosion-protection flame barrier.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor has a shorter reaction time than prior art and is more sensitive than prior art esp. sintered metal flame barriers.    (US6202472-B1)   NOVELTY - A gas, e.g. methane, sensor has a flame barrier which allows passage of the test gas from the measuring chamber and its gas-impermeable housing.    USE - As gas sensor with explosion-protection flame barrier.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor has a shorter reaction time than prior art and is more sensitive than prior art esp. sintered metal flame barriers.
(DE19749530-C2)   NOVELTY - Collected refuse is discharged into a collecting basin (7) containing fluid, and the heavy fractions sink. The heaviest fraction is dredged and removed as sludge. The lightest fractions are skimmed from the surface and removed for treatment. A portion of the residual fraction containing concentrated biological residue is drawn from the basin and sieved. The partly dried residue is crushed and fermented and/or composted.    USE - To separate biological refuse from non-biological refuse especially sand and dispose of both.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the damage caused by sand to pumps and pipes associated with subsequent treatment processes.
(US5948242-A)   NOVELTY - A process for upgrading heavy crude oil containing emulsions before refining comprises adding a viscosity reducing amount of light hydrocarbon diluent, flashing the heated mixture to a lower pressure to break emulsions and removing the crude oil from the separated parts of the emulsions.    USE - For improving the extraction of useable crude oil from heavy crude oil production, e.g. at a well-head or at a refinery.    ADVANTAGE - The process increases the yield of refinable product and allows for environmentally benign disposal of less useful materials. It also breaks intractable emulsions to allow more refinable product to be extracted. When performed at the well-head, the process allows asphaltenes to be removed from crude production, creating a better quality crude for sale to the refinery.    (CN1275156-A)   NOVELTY - A process for upgrading heavy crude oil containing emulsions before refining comprises adding a viscosity reducing amount of light hydrocarbon diluent, flashing the heated mixture to a lower pressure to break emulsions and removing the crude oil from the separated parts of the emulsions.    USE - For improving the extraction of useable crude oil from heavy crude oil production, e.g. at a well-head or at a refinery.    ADVANTAGE - The process increases the yield of refinable product and allows for environmentally benign disposal of less useful materials. It also breaks intractable emulsions to allow more refinable product to be extracted. When performed at the well-head, the process allows asphaltenes to be removed from crude production, creating a better quality crude for sale to the refinery.
(JP11209342-A)   NOVELTY - Preparation of organic hydroperoxides with improved selectivity without the use of expensively shielded reactors by having a separate liquid water phase present as a film on the vessel walls in 0.5-20.0 wt.% concentration when oxidizing a hydrocarbon feed with molecular oxygen under supercritical conditions.    USE - Synthesis of tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide, useful in the synthesis of propylene oxide and methyl tertiary-butyl ether.    ADVANTAGE - Selectivity of up to 74 mol% is achieved using isobutane oxidation and without expensive gold-plated reactors. Water film forms a shield between product and reactor walls, thus inhibiting decomposition.    (US6011183-A)   NOVELTY - Preparation of organic hydroperoxides with improved selectivity without the use of expensively shielded reactors by having a separate liquid water phase present as a film on the vessel walls in 0.5-20.0 wt.% concentration when oxidizing a hydrocarbon feed with molecular oxygen under supercritical conditions.    USE - Synthesis of tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide, useful in the synthesis of propylene oxide and methyl tertiary-butyl ether.    ADVANTAGE - Selectivity of up to 74 mol% is achieved using isobutane oxidation and without expensive gold-plated reactors. Water film forms a shield between product and reactor walls, thus inhibiting decomposition.
(US6124505-A)   NOVELTY - A catalyst for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons comprises ultra-fine gold particles supported on a titanium-containing oxide and is used in the presence of a reducing agent.    USE - The catalyst and method is useful for preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds, particularly alcohols and/or a ketones obtained by partial oxidation of a saturated hydrocarbon or an epoxide which is produced by partial oxidation of an unsaturated hydrocarbon (claimed). The saturated hydrocarbon is 3-12 C, e.g. propane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, 2-methylbutane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane and cyclohexane; and the unsaturated hydrocarbon is 2-12 C, e.g. ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, cyclopentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, 3-hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, cyclohexene, 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene, 3-methyl-1-cyclopentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst allows a one-step procedure which gives high selectivity (e.g. partial oxidation of propylene, selectivity = 34 %, in examples) and high stable conversions, even from a wide variety of hydrocarbons of different reactivities.
(US5939463-A)   NOVELTY - The agent combines low permeability volatile organic compound (VOC) participating in atmospheric photochemical reactions, blowing agent, low-volatility and high-volatility non-VOC blowing agent.    USE - In production of foamed polystyrene.    ADVANTAGE - The use of new blowing agent results in reduction of atmospheric pollution during production of foamed polystyrene, without affecting high productivity of process. Produced foams show reduced VOC emission.
(US5895821-A)   NOVELTY - An improved process for the calcination and activation of a catalyst containing mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus (V/ P/ O) useful in the preparation of maleic anhydride from n-butane.    USE - The catalyst is used in the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst exhibits enhanced activity for the oxidation.
(EP1027152-A1)   NOVELTY - Uses a complex of gold and reducible oxide of transition metal on a support of oxides of ceria, zirconia and titanium to provide a catalyst of high efficiency and low operating temperature at acceptable cost.    USE - For use in oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, methanol, methane and carbon monoxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst has high activity and efficiency, lower operating temperatures and acceptable cost.
(US5939353-A)   NOVELTY - Uses reactants that are not salts to make anionic, hydrotalcite-type pillared clay compositions in a direct and simple process to produce dehydrated nickel-containing material that is resistant to deactivation.    USE - For use in reforming hydrocarbyls to synthesis gas.    ADVANTAGE - Are strongly resistant to deactivation e.g. by coke formation.    (EP948456-A1)   NOVELTY - Uses reactants that are not salts to make anionic, hydrotalcite-type pillared clay compositions in a direct and simple process to produce dehydrated nickel-containing material that is resistant to deactivation.    USE - For use in reforming hydrocarbyls to synthesis gas.    ADVANTAGE - Are strongly resistant to deactivation e.g. by coke formation.
NOVELTY - Safe, non-rusting refrigerant composition includes trifluoromethyl iodide, propane, cyclopentane and silicone oil.    USE - The composition is useful in automobile air conditioners, refrigerators, and freezers.    ADVANTAGE - The composition can be used in existing refrigeration units, of any type, without modifications to the unit. The compositions are nontoxic, have high flash points and do not cause rust to associated metal parts. The compositions are also safe and cheap.
(WO200053696-A1)      NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich reforming gas containing carbon monoxide is passed into a carbon monoxide removal device (6) where carbon monoxide is removed by methanation. The gas is then passed into another removal device where the residual carbon monoxide is removed by adding oxidizing agent.    USE -   For electricity generation using fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon monoxide in modified gas is removed without loss of hydrogen.
(JP3062121-B2)      NOVELTY Microorganisms belonging to the Penicillium genus which have formaldehyde decomposing ability are used to decompose formaldehyde in waste water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the processing of formaldehyde in waste water from the textile industry. The waste water is supplied to a biological treatment tank. Then activated sludge containing Penicillium microorganisms with formaldehyde decomposing ability is added to perform biological treatment of the water.    USE -   For processing formaldehyde content in the waste water especially discharged from the textile industry (claimed). The processed water is reused for the cross-linking process in the textile industry (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The method enables effective decomposition of high concentrations of formaldehyde in a short time and enables recycling of the processed water.
(JP3180057-B2)      NOVELTY - Organic refuse is injected to the main body (2) through an opening (7), and fermentation is carried out by a microbe. A scavenging fan (10) forces an exhaust gas into the main body from its upper part.    USE -   For processing residential drainage.    ADVANTAGE -   Performs uniform discharge. Prevents odor leakage. Reduces processing cost. Maintains main body interior at negative pressure and involves easy maintenance of main body. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional drawing of the main body of the processing apparatus. (2) Main body; (7) Refuse opening; (9) Drain hole; (10) Scavenging fan; (11) Jet pipe.
(WO9920571-A1)   NOVELTY - The method comprises the addition of at least one enzyme to the aqueous culture medium of the microorganism.    USE - The method is useful for treating specific polluted aqueous effluents e.g. urban wastewater treatment.    ADVANTAGE - The method is useful for improving industrial fermentation easily and at reduced costs to accelerate the fermentation process. Also the microorganisms are useful for germinating and allowing to grow and secrete new enzymes which will increase the protective properties against the inhibitory effects of the detergent.    (EP1025052-A1)   NOVELTY - The method comprises the addition of at least one enzyme to the aqueous culture medium of the microorganism.    USE - The method is useful for treating specific polluted aqueous effluents e.g. urban wastewater treatment.    ADVANTAGE - The method is useful for improving industrial fermentation easily and at reduced costs to accelerate the fermentation process. Also the microorganisms are useful for germinating and allowing to grow and secrete new enzymes which will increase the protective properties against the inhibitory effects of the detergent.    (CN1276771-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises the addition of at least one enzyme to the aqueous culture medium of the microorganism.    USE - The method is useful for treating specific polluted aqueous effluents e.g. urban wastewater treatment.    ADVANTAGE - The method is useful for improving industrial fermentation easily and at reduced costs to accelerate the fermentation process. Also the microorganisms are useful for germinating and allowing to grow and secrete new enzymes which will increase the protective properties against the inhibitory effects of the detergent.
(JP11130405-A)   NOVELTY - A reformer is situated in the flow path of a reactant fluid, comprising a catalyst unit capable of generating hydrogen from a reactant fluid containing an organic compound or carbon monoxide, and an electrically heatable heater unit.    USE - For production of high purity hydrogen for fuel cells used in industry or in automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - There is no environmental pollution.
(GB2344584-A)   NOVELTY - A digester (11) having three compartments comprises: (1) a first compartment (16) receiving biodegradable material; (2) a second (17) receiving material from the first compartment in a controlled manner; and (3) a third (18) receiving material from the second. A duct (36,37,38) controls transfer of heat from the third compartment to the second.    USE - Digester for composting biodegradable material.    ADVANTAGE - Heat is efficiently transferred between compartments in a controlled manner. Added water is preheated by residence in tank above composting compartment to prevent temperature shock. Transfer of warm biodegrading material to a higher compartment stimulates bioactivity.    (GB2344584-B)   NOVELTY - A digester (11) having three compartments comprises: (1) a first compartment (16) receiving biodegradable material; (2) a second (17) receiving material from the first compartment in a controlled manner; and (3) a third (18) receiving material from the second. A duct (36,37,38) controls transfer of heat from the third compartment to the second.    USE - Digester for composting biodegradable material.    ADVANTAGE - Heat is efficiently transferred between compartments in a controlled manner. Added water is preheated by residence in tank above composting compartment to prevent temperature shock. Transfer of warm biodegrading material to a higher compartment stimulates bioactivity.
(EP1019317-A1)   NOVELTY - A controlled amount of water is introduced into the gas stream prior to the catalyzed reaction to a temperature for the preferential, selective removal of carbon monoxide especially from reformate gas mixtures.    USE - For use in fuel cell systems for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Improved and simplified clean-up system is compact, simple to assemble and capable of dealing with varying flow rates of hydrogen-rich gas and varying amounts of carbon monoxide. Provides preferential selective removal of carbon monoxide.
(JP11194134-A)   NOVELTY - Carbon nanotube device comprises a carbon nanotube bound at its root end to a conductive surface and surrounded at its root end by a wall.    USE - As an electron emitting device (claimed) for a display device, CRT etc; or as a quantum effect device, micro-machine, bio-device or as an atomic force microscope probe or scanning type tunnel microscope probe.    ADVANTAGE - The device has high directivity and provides high electron emission.
(CN1218821-A)   NOVELTY - A working fluid for refrigerating cycle equipment comprises a halogen-free 2-4C hydrocarbon and an ester-type lubricant which is incompatible with the hydrocarbon.    USE - As a refrigeration oil (claimed) and working fluid for compression type refrigerating cycle equipment    ADVANTAGE - Problems of ozone layer damage and greenhouse effects with halogen compounds are avoided and the material is safe if leakage occurs. The weight of refrigerant is reduced.    (JP2000008063-A)   NOVELTY - A working fluid for refrigerating cycle equipment comprises a halogen-free 2-4C hydrocarbon and an ester-type lubricant which is incompatible with the hydrocarbon.    USE - As a refrigeration oil (claimed) and working fluid for compression type refrigerating cycle equipment    ADVANTAGE - Problems of ozone layer damage and greenhouse effects with halogen compounds are avoided and the material is safe if leakage occurs. The weight of refrigerant is reduced.    (US6268317-B1)   NOVELTY - A working fluid for refrigerating cycle equipment comprises a halogen-free 2-4C hydrocarbon and an ester-type lubricant which is incompatible with the hydrocarbon.    USE - As a refrigeration oil (claimed) and working fluid for compression type refrigerating cycle equipment    ADVANTAGE - Problems of ozone layer damage and greenhouse effects with halogen compounds are avoided and the material is safe if leakage occurs. The weight of refrigerant is reduced.
(WO9920592-A1)   NOVELTY - An oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, palladium and at least two other elements, e.g. vanadium, niobium, antimony and calcium, is used for the selective production of acetic acid from a mixture of ethane and/or ethylene and oxygen.    USE - For the production of acetic acid.    ADVANTAGE - Enables oxidation of ethane and/or ethylene to acetic acid under the mildest possible conditions with high selectivity and high space-time yields.    (EP1025075-A1)   NOVELTY - An oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, palladium and at least two other elements, e.g. vanadium, niobium, antimony and calcium, is used for the selective production of acetic acid from a mixture of ethane and/or ethylene and oxygen.    USE - For the production of acetic acid.    ADVANTAGE - Enables oxidation of ethane and/or ethylene to acetic acid under the mildest possible conditions with high selectivity and high space-time yields.    (CN1275971-A)   NOVELTY - An oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, palladium and at least two other elements, e.g. vanadium, niobium, antimony and calcium, is used for the selective production of acetic acid from a mixture of ethane and/or ethylene and oxygen.    USE - For the production of acetic acid.    ADVANTAGE - Enables oxidation of ethane and/or ethylene to acetic acid under the mildest possible conditions with high selectivity and high space-time yields.
(EP1032954-A1)   NOVELTY - Appts. for generating electrical power comprises tubular solid oxide fuel cells in reaction chamber, 1st and 2nd gases inlet path to supply, exhaust gases outlet path, and power collection. A baffle wall divides the reaction chamber from the exhaust gases outlet path, where the tubular cells extend through apertures in the baffle wall into the exhaust gases outlet path. The tubular fuel cell is held only at the end mounted in the manifold block.    USE - For the generation of electrical power, and devices which incorporate solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - None found.    (CN1276921-A)   NOVELTY - Appts. for generating electrical power comprises tubular solid oxide fuel cells in reaction chamber, 1st and 2nd gases inlet path to supply, exhaust gases outlet path, and power collection. A baffle wall divides the reaction chamber from the exhaust gases outlet path, where the tubular cells extend through apertures in the baffle wall into the exhaust gases outlet path. The tubular fuel cell is held only at the end mounted in the manifold block.    USE - For the generation of electrical power, and devices which incorporate solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).    ADVANTAGE - None found.
(US5953935-A)   NOVELTY - The apparatus has a separator receiving cooled natural feed gas stream, and dividing it into upper vapor, and lower liquid streams. A divider connected to the separator divides the vapor into three streams. A distiller provides a bottom ethane product stream, and an upper methane residue gas stream. The distiller further receives the first vapor stream from the separator. A fractionator receives second and third vapor streams and separates vapor from them, providing a bottom stream as a top reflux to the distiller.    USE - For recovery of ethane, and possibly also heavier hydrocarbon components from natural gas, thus generating a gas stream consisting primarily of methane.    ADVANTAGE - The ethane recovery is increased up to about 99% with no increases in plant residue compression horse power. Alternately, the process could achieve a 96% ethane recovery with approximately 10% reduction of residue gas compression horsepower. This gives cost savings.    (GB2330900-B)   NOVELTY - The apparatus has a separator receiving cooled natural feed gas stream, and dividing it into upper vapor, and lower liquid streams. A divider connected to the separator divides the vapor into three streams. A distiller provides a bottom ethane product stream, and an upper methane residue gas stream. The distiller further receives the first vapor stream from the separator. A fractionator receives second and third vapor streams and separates vapor from them, providing a bottom stream as a top reflux to the distiller.    USE - For recovery of ethane, and possibly also heavier hydrocarbon components from natural gas, thus generating a gas stream consisting primarily of methane.    ADVANTAGE - The ethane recovery is increased up to about 99% with no increases in plant residue compression horse power. Alternately, the process could achieve a 96% ethane recovery with approximately 10% reduction of residue gas compression horsepower. This gives cost savings.
(US5924291-A)   NOVELTY - The system delivers cryogenic gas at a high pressure from a supply of cryogenic liquid maintained at a low pressure in a bulk tank (10). The bulk tank supplies liquid to at least one transfer tank (14) which is pressurized by connection to a pressure building tank containing gas at a high pressure. A heat exchanger (18) is connected in circuit between the transfer tank and the pressure building tank.    USE - In the supply of high pressure cryogenic fluid from a low pressure cryogenic liquid storage tank used in, for example, laser welding and cutting and metal powder production.    ADVANTAGE - The system can utilize existing low pressure cryogenic storage containers while supplying cryogenic fluids at higher pressures. The system can increase the pressure of cryogenic liquids and control the pressure in the bulk tank without the need for high pressure pumps or compressors and does not require venting.
(DE19745548-C2)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for alkylation of 2-5C olefins with iso-paraffins to produce a high-octane fuel additive consists of 0.02-0.50 wt.% finely-divided group VIII metal on a highly porous, ion-exchanged crystalline aluminum silicate.    USE - Used in the production of an additive, especially 8 carbon alkylate, for increasing the octane number of fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high selectivity for 8 carbon alkylate and retains its activity for long operating periods.
(ZA9807698-A)   NOVELTY - Process for treating acid water comprises raising the alkalinity of an aqueous component using algae, separating the algae and adding the obtained purified alkaline aqueous component to acid water to raise its pH.    USE - The process is especially useful for treating heavy metal laden acidic mine drainage or effluent.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the algae-treated water avoids the costs associated with alkaline chemicals such as lime or caustic soda. The process does not cause any increase in cations present as the material is biologically generated. The process is self-sustained as the algae are removed before contact with the effluent. This avoids any possible kill-off of the algae by heavy metals so that fresh algal biomass is not required.    (US6110370-A)   NOVELTY - Process for treating acid water comprises raising the alkalinity of an aqueous component using algae, separating the algae and adding the obtained purified alkaline aqueous component to acid water to raise its pH.    USE - The process is especially useful for treating heavy metal laden acidic mine drainage or effluent.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the algae-treated water avoids the costs associated with alkaline chemicals such as lime or caustic soda. The process does not cause any increase in cations present as the material is biologically generated. The process is self-sustained as the algae are removed before contact with the effluent. This avoids any possible kill-off of the algae by heavy metals so that fresh algal biomass is not required.
(US5997596-A)   NOVELTY - A mixture of a first supply of gaseous hydrocarbons and oxygen is combusted in a first stage to provide flame gases. The flame gases are then passed into a second stage. A second supply of gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen are injected into second stage. The flame gases then react with the second supply of gaseous hydrocarbon in second stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide.    USE - Producing reform gases to boost the reformed gas capacity of existing reformers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an increase in production of reduced iron when market conditions demand and cuts back to the original capacity of existing reformer when market conditions dictate a reduced output.    (EP1017619-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixture of a first supply of gaseous hydrocarbons and oxygen is combusted in a first stage to provide flame gases. The flame gases are then passed into a second stage. A second supply of gaseous hydrocarbon and oxygen are injected into second stage. The flame gases then react with the second supply of gaseous hydrocarbon in second stage to produce reformed hydrogen and carbon monoxide.    USE - Producing reform gases to boost the reformed gas capacity of existing reformers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an increase in production of reduced iron when market conditions demand and cuts back to the original capacity of existing reformer when market conditions dictate a reduced output.
(CN1220182-A)   NOVELTY - Separation and/or recovery of gases is effected by multistage, simultaneous separation of gas and/or gas vapor mixtures in the membrane separating device.    USE - Used for separation and/or recovery of gases.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy requirements. The process is applicable where the gases/vapors to be separated are very small molar concentrations in the mixture.    (EP908219-B1)   NOVELTY - Separation and/or recovery of gases is effected by multistage, simultaneous separation of gas and/or gas vapor mixtures in the membrane separating device.    USE - Used for separation and/or recovery of gases.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy requirements. The process is applicable where the gases/vapors to be separated are very small molar concentrations in the mixture.    (CN1229689-A)   NOVELTY - Separation and/or recovery of gases is effected by multistage, simultaneous separation of gas and/or gas vapor mixtures in the membrane separating device.    USE - Used for separation and/or recovery of gases.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy requirements. The process is applicable where the gases/vapors to be separated are very small molar concentrations in the mixture.    (US6221131-B1)   NOVELTY - Separation and/or recovery of gases is effected by multistage, simultaneous separation of gas and/or gas vapor mixtures in the membrane separating device.    USE - Used for separation and/or recovery of gases.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy requirements. The process is applicable where the gases/vapors to be separated are very small molar concentrations in the mixture.
(JP11083309-A)   NOVELTY - A method for the purification of argon through simple steps with low energy consumption.    USE - Used for the purification of argon.    ADVANTAGE - Has low energy consumption.    (EP956928-A1)   NOVELTY - A method for the purification of argon through simple steps with low energy consumption.    USE - Used for the purification of argon.    ADVANTAGE - Has low energy consumption.    (CN1237124-A)   NOVELTY - A method for the purification of argon through simple steps with low energy consumption.    USE - Used for the purification of argon.    ADVANTAGE - Has low energy consumption.    (US6123909-A)   NOVELTY - A method for the purification of argon through simple steps with low energy consumption.    USE - Used for the purification of argon.    ADVANTAGE - Has low energy consumption.
(JP2978134-B2)      NOVELTY - A casing provided with stirrer and porous granular microorganism carrier in the bottom is fixed to ground through which oxygen is refilled to the microorganism carrier through ventilation tube for inducing reaction with aerobic microorganism to decompose the organic waste.    USE -   For processing apparatus used for industrial wastes, organic refuse, food processing industries, toilet wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic wastes are decomposed in a short time and efficiently at ambient temperatures. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the sectional view of organic waste processing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Casing; (2) Stirrer; (5) Ground; (6) Ventilation tube; (B) Microorganism carrier.
(JP2978135-B2)      NOVELTY - The equipment supplies oxygen to the microorganism carrier at the bottom of the waste disposal chamber embedded in the ground. The aerobes generated in the carrier effect decomposition of the organic waste matter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic waste (2) is fed into a disposal chamber (1). The waste is decomposed into microsized porous grains in a microorganism carrier (4). The decomposed waste is disposed of into the ground through the opening at the bottom of the chamber.    USE -   For disposal of organic waste from food processing factories.    ADVANTAGE -   Operates effectively with lower power consumption and the microorganism carrier can be efficiently refilled with air. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a section through the processing equipment for disposal of organic waste. (1) Disposal chamber; (2) Organic waste; (4) Microorganism carrier.
(JP11113595-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises reacting organic matter with a microbial source in a reaction column to effect the decomposition and measure the weight of carbon dioxide produced, and decomposing cellulose with the above microbial source and measuring the weight of carbon dioxide produced as a reference value.    USE - The process is useful foe evaluating microbial-degradability of organic matter.    ADVANTAGE - The method comprises easy measurement procedures and is reliable. Also the process can be carried out by inexperienced operators and the apparatus is of simple structure which can be produced at low costs.    (US6143515-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises reacting organic matter with a microbial source in a reaction column to effect the decomposition and measure the weight of carbon dioxide produced, and decomposing cellulose with the above microbial source and measuring the weight of carbon dioxide produced as a reference value.    USE - The process is useful foe evaluating microbial-degradability of organic matter.    ADVANTAGE - The method comprises easy measurement procedures and is reliable. Also the process can be carried out by inexperienced operators and the apparatus is of simple structure which can be produced at low costs.
(WO9917059-A1)   NOVELTY - Part of the waste (A) is comminuted and pressed into bales (B) which are packed, stored and unpacked after an interval. It is then prepared for thermal treatment in the waste disposal plant (4).    USE - To pretreat e.g. municipal, bulky and industrial wastes for pyrolysis and incineration disposal.    ADVANTAGE - The new concept in waste reception and pretreatment, enables simple, low-cost flexible handling. Conventional large-volume, subsurface storage bunkers are specifically avoided. Costly in themselves, they also dictate heavy lifting equipment. In the new plant all takes place on the level, with ease of access by lorries and other wheeled handling equipment. Storage of waste which must be baled, i.e. that which cannot be submitted to the disposal plant immediately, can take place at any convenient surface location which is out of the way. This waste can be recovered and processed when deliveries cease, e.g. during weekends and holidays.
(WO9916959-A1)   NOVELTY - The process involves treating the pre-sorted, possibly pre-comminuted, waste paper raw material in an aqueous environment for activating microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the microbial contamination of the raw material.    (EP1023487-A1)   NOVELTY - The process involves treating the pre-sorted, possibly pre-comminuted, waste paper raw material in an aqueous environment for activating microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the microbial contamination of the raw material.    (DE19881417-T)   NOVELTY - The process involves treating the pre-sorted, possibly pre-comminuted, waste paper raw material in an aqueous environment for activating microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the microbial contamination of the raw material.
(WO9916139-A2)   NOVELTY - A fuel is reformed, cooled in quench cooler by evaporation of water and passed to fuel cell, likewise oxidation medium    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Allows efficient fuel cell operation.    (EP1019973-A2)   NOVELTY - A fuel is reformed, cooled in quench cooler by evaporation of water and passed to fuel cell, likewise oxidation medium    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Allows efficient fuel cell operation.
(JP2893586-B2)      NOVELTY - A housing (8) is formed at lower side of a bottom board of a heat room (1). A hopper (5) is arranged on upper side of a top board. The hopper supplies chaff to heating tubes (3). The chaff in the heating tubes are heated with the heat of heat room and are carbonized. The carbonized chaff from chaff carbide which is collected in the housing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat room consists of a burner (2). The heating tubes penetrate through the top and bottom boards of the heat room into the interior space of the room. A damper (4) is provided at lower end of the tubes. The carbonized chaff from the tubes are collected in the housing by opening the damper. The unburned gas generated from the heating tubes are cooled by a cooling system (12) to obtain black liquor.    USE -   For producing fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables efficient carbonization of chaff. Provides small sized apparatus with simple structure. Enables using black liquor as agro chemical. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows block diagram of carbonization apparatus of chaff. (1) Heat room; (2) Burner; (3) Heating tubes; (4) Damper; (5) Hopper; (8) Housing; (12) Cooling system.
(JP3179051-B2)      Method for synthesis of methane-rich gas comprises: contacting lower satd. hydrocarbon with catalyst supporting nickel on carrier in gaseous phase.    USE -   Present methane-rich gas is used as raw material for town gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Methane-rich gas suited to raw material for town gas can be efficiently produced from industrially easily available satd. hydrocarbon such as propane or butane under suppression of carbon deposition on catalyst in raft form which influences badly to catalyst activity (please refer to next CLM section).
(FR2768637-A1)   NOVELTY - The addition of an amphiphilic non-ionic product, formed by the reaction between a polymerized unsaturated oil and an aminoalcohol enables the transport of suspended hydrates in fluids comprising water, gas and liquid hydrocarbons and inhibits agglomeration of the hydrates.    USE - The process is particularly applicable to petroleum and gas production in offshore installations.    ADVANTAGE - Only small additions of the amphiphilic product are necessary to prevent agglomeration of formed hydrates and thus to avoid blockages in pipes etc.    (US5958844-A)   NOVELTY - The addition of an amphiphilic non-ionic product, formed by the reaction between a polymerized unsaturated oil and an aminoalcohol enables the transport of suspended hydrates in fluids comprising water, gas and liquid hydrocarbons and inhibits agglomeration of the hydrates.    USE - The process is particularly applicable to petroleum and gas production in offshore installations.    ADVANTAGE - Only small additions of the amphiphilic product are necessary to prevent agglomeration of formed hydrates and thus to avoid blockages in pipes etc.
(EP1051768-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a hydrogen permeable barrier layer combination consisting of a niobium (alloy) and/or tantalum (alloy) core layer, sandwiched between two palladium (alloy) outer layers.    USE - As a fuel cell which has a proton conductive electrolyte and which uses e.g. hydrogen, methanol or natural gas as fuel, e.g. a polymer membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The barrier layer combination has a high diffusion capacity for atomic hydrogen but impermeable to larger atoms and molecules, especially molecular hydrogen, water and methanol, so that it separates the anode gas space from the cathode gas space to prevent migration of fuel from the anode side to the cathode side through the electrolyte.
(WO9915830-A1)   NOVELTY - A swirl chamber (51) is oval or elliptical in cross section and extends over a fraction of the carbonizing chamber (12) length. It connects flow to the long shallow rectangular chamber (21). The width of the swirl chamber, corresponds with that of the conveyor (14).    USE - For the low temperature continuous carbonization of e.g. municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - The design targets efficient heat transfer to the feedstock, with optimum heating distribution over the width of the conveyor. A greater gas throughput is achieved than in an earlier comparable design in DE 44 08 654 A1. This allows increased capacity, by widening the conveyor. The swirl chamber arrangement is relatively short; here the gases undergo intense heating and mixing, followed by even heat transfer in the shallow chamber.    (EP1012503-A1)   NOVELTY - A swirl chamber (51) is oval or elliptical in cross section and extends over a fraction of the carbonizing chamber (12) length. It connects flow to the long shallow rectangular chamber (21). The width of the swirl chamber, corresponds with that of the conveyor (14).    USE - For the low temperature continuous carbonization of e.g. municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - The design targets efficient heat transfer to the feedstock, with optimum heating distribution over the width of the conveyor. A greater gas throughput is achieved than in an earlier comparable design in DE 44 08 654 A1. This allows increased capacity, by widening the conveyor. The swirl chamber arrangement is relatively short; here the gases undergo intense heating and mixing, followed by even heat transfer in the shallow chamber.
(EP1015410-A1)   NOVELTY - Acrylic and methacrylic acid can be synthesized by catalytic gas phase oxidation of 3-4C alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and/or aldehydes.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Acrylic acid is obtained in high purity without by crystallization from solution without the need for further purification steps.    (CN1275972-A)   NOVELTY - Acrylic and methacrylic acid can be synthesized by catalytic gas phase oxidation of 3-4C alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and/or aldehydes.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Acrylic acid is obtained in high purity without by crystallization from solution without the need for further purification steps.
(GB2344208-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises separate anode and cathode cells (32,33) each containing respective electrodes (24). Fuel is supplied to the anode tank and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode tank. Each electrode is a monolithic electrode, a composite electrode or an internally coupled electrode with a catalyst surface.    USE - Fuel cells generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Increases fuel cell efficiency and power density to allow larger fuel cells to be produced.    (DE19882625-T)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises separate anode and cathode cells (32,33) each containing respective electrodes (24). Fuel is supplied to the anode tank and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode tank. Each electrode is a monolithic electrode, a composite electrode or an internally coupled electrode with a catalyst surface.    USE - Fuel cells generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Increases fuel cell efficiency and power density to allow larger fuel cells to be produced.    (GB2344208-B)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises separate anode and cathode cells (32,33) each containing respective electrodes (24). Fuel is supplied to the anode tank and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode tank. Each electrode is a monolithic electrode, a composite electrode or an internally coupled electrode with a catalyst surface.    USE - Fuel cells generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Increases fuel cell efficiency and power density to allow larger fuel cells to be produced.
(ZA9807966-A)   NOVELTY - Removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream comprises using a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process using an adsorbent comprising activated alumna and a carbon dioxide selective zeolite.    USE - Used for pre-purification of air, particularly ambient air.    ADVANTAGE - The cold zone found in beds containing only zeolite is reduced or eliminated due to a greater heat capacity and reduced adsorption of air of activated alumna compared with zeolites. Vent gas loss is reduced by 50% or more as activated alumna is more easily regenerated, thus saving energy. The adsorbent layer is smaller than an all activated alumna layer.    (JP11156137-A)   NOVELTY - Removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream comprises using a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process using an adsorbent comprising activated alumna and a carbon dioxide selective zeolite.    USE - Used for pre-purification of air, particularly ambient air.    ADVANTAGE - The cold zone found in beds containing only zeolite is reduced or eliminated due to a greater heat capacity and reduced adsorption of air of activated alumna compared with zeolites. Vent gas loss is reduced by 50% or more as activated alumna is more easily regenerated, thus saving energy. The adsorbent layer is smaller than an all activated alumna layer.
(NL1009879-C6)       A central heating assembly burns has a blower-supported gas burner (11). Gas is drawn from a supply (15) by a fan (6) through an inlet (14). The fan (6) operation is regulated by a control unit (3). The gas inlet (15) has a sensor (1) which detects the composition of the gas and is linked to the control unit (3), and operates a gas control actuator (4) in the gas pipe (15). The sensor (1) detects the presence of methane, Cx Hy and hydrogen. The sensor (1) incorporates metal oxide material having a number of SiO2membranes with a number of sensors (1) on a single chip.    USE -   Gas burner with sensor detecting the composition of incoming gas fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   The sensor adapts the burner characteristics to the differences in gas fuel from different suppliers.
(EP1042036-A1)      NOVELTY - Microbiological treatment of waste containing harmful substances by loading into reactor, adding organic material, and adjusting properties of waste material, and conditions, to enhance bacterial activity. The waste is treated without agitation, and sufficient oxygen, moisture and/or nutrients are supplied to waste material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the apparatus which comprises reactor (2) with pipes (4,5) supplying oxygen and/or steam, moisture and/or nutrients into waste material. Waste material is loaded through openable cover (1b) or wall (1c,d) onto sieve plate (11).    USE -   Biological treatment of waste such as contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE -   By transporting the reactor, contaminated soil can be treated on site. Controlling the conditions inside the reactor ensures quick and efficient reaction. Heavy metals are removed. Volatile organic compounds are recovered before gases are released to atmosphere. No agitation of the waste is necessary. By applying steam to an insulated reactor, it can be operated in cold conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a view of the reactor. (2) reactor; (1b,c) opening cover and wall; (4) pipe system.
(JP3145957-B2)      NOVELTY - The organic waste is crushed and metallic impurities are removed in a pre-processor (1). A slurry formed in an adjustor (2) by adding steam and agitation is decomposed by microorganisms. When the TS density of the decomposed material exceeds 5% a supply device (3) feeds a nutrient salt of iron, nickel or cobalt. Methane in the decomposed material is fermented in a digester (4). Solid and liquid are then separated.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing efficiency of methane fermentation is improved. Processing of solid organic waste is simplified. Effective use of formed methane is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a block diagram of the waste disposal system configuration. (1) Preprocessor; (2) Adjustor; (3) Supply device; (4) Digester.
(EP926756-A1)      NOVELTY - the system contain a PEM fuel cell (BZ), a compressor (K) for compressing the process air fed into the fuel cell, an expander (E) coupled to the compressor for driving the compressor and a catalytic burner (KatBr) heat source. The cathode output gas of the fuel cell is fed to the catalytic burner as its air supply and the expander is operated with the output gas from the burner.    USE -   of operating a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell system    ADVANTAGE -   a higher degree of efficiency is achieved DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - the drawing shows the PEM fuel cell, compressor, expander and catalytic burner(KatBr) (BZ) fuel cell; (K) compressor; (E)expander; (KatBr) catalytic burner.    (US6190791-B1)      NOVELTY - the system contain a PEM fuel cell (BZ), a compressor (K) for compressing the process air fed into the fuel cell, an expander (E) coupled to the compressor for driving the compressor and a catalytic burner (KatBr) heat source. The cathode output gas of the fuel cell is fed to the catalytic burner as its air supply and the expander is operated with the output gas from the burner.    USE -   of operating a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell system    ADVANTAGE -   a higher degree of efficiency is achieved DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - the drawing shows the PEM fuel cell, compressor, expander and catalytic burner(KatBr) (BZ) fuel cell; (K) compressor; (E)expander; (KatBr) catalytic burner.
(RU2135441-C1)       The process, conducted in system of reactors, using catalyst including metal from VIII group of Periodic system, is based on conversion of methane to hydrocarbons with above 1 C atoms, and hydrogen. To improve results, additional hydrocarbon material with C atoms number above 3 (I) is added to starting methane material, in amount at least 5.0 wt.% per total amount of hydrocarbon material supplied to reactor, and process is conducted on catalyst containing platinum group metal with degree of oxidation "n" above 0, at partial pressure of methane at least 0.05 MPa and at temperature at least 440C. Methane is supplied to reactor at rate at least 60 nm3 per m3of catalyst per hour.    Preferably catalyst preferably consists (in wt.%):electron-deficient platinum (with energy of valency electron level 4d 5/2 equal 317.5 0.2 eV, n=2) (0.1-1.0), chlorine (0.6-1.5), promoters (rhenium, tin or sulphur) (at least 0.1), and balance support consisting of oxides of III-IV group metals or their mixtures. Material (I) can be a): wide benzine fraction boiling within range 85-185C, and in such case process is conducted at partial pressure of methane up to 2.5 MPa and results in production of high octane fuel components and hydrogen, or b): (I) narrow hydrocarbon fraction boiling at 62-85C, 85-105C or 105-140C, with process conducted at partial pressure of methane upto 1.5 MPa and temperature at least 460C, and leading to production of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen.    USE -   In gas processing industry, as new non-oxidizing process of methane conversion.    ADVANTAGE -   New process makes possible catalytic conversion of methane to valuable hydrocarbon products such as engine fuel components, aromatic hydrocarbons and 2-5C aliphatic hydrocarbons.
(JP2975574-B2)      NOVELTY - A leakage gap (12) between organic refuse and porous material is established in the inner side of a decomposition chamber (2) surrounded with a bar and rotation shaft. A control unit (14) controls the rotation of the stir vane which rotates intermittently after a predefined time interval.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus has a decomposition chamber (2) which contains a porous material (1) with bacteria for decomposing organic refuse. A stir vane (4) with arms is attached to a rotation shaft (6) which is rotated by a motor (13). The porous material and organic refuse are stirred by the stir vane. The arm of the stir vane uses a long slender bar (7) whose ends are shifted axially at the rotating shaft. A control unit (14) is also provided in the chamber.    USE -   For decomposing organic refuse discharged from homes using bacteria.    ADVANTAGE -   Deposition of organic refuse is prevented. Organic refuse is efficiently decomposed. Stirring is effectively performed by stir vane.
(JP3103041-B2)      NOVELTY - A calculator (2) estimates the cell voltage when refilling the electrolyte ullage and the electrolyte ullage which varies with respect to variation in quantity and cell voltage. The electrolyte consumption amount and the refilling amount of electrolyte are calculated based on the information recorded in a recording device (1). Based on the calculated results, the service conditions and the shut down period are set up and the refilling quantity of electrolyte corresponding to the electrolyte ullage is estimated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel battery stack has a cell constituted by an oxygen pole and a fuel pole with a separator inbetween, formed on respective side of an electrolyte substrate. Fuel is poured between the separator and the fuel pole. A gas of oxidizing agent is passed into a gas passage formed between the separator and the oxygen pole. The amount of fuel which changes with respect to time, the amount and the flow rate of gas passed into gas passage, operating pressure, load current density, cell voltage, battery temperature and the refilling amount of melted carbonate electrolyte into the cell are recorded in the recording device.    USE -   For melted carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Calculates amount of electrolyte during refilling, quantitatively. Enables stable and prolonged operation of battery by using proper amount of electrolyte. Sets up suitable operation program, by estimating cell voltage exactly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates structure of fuel battery. (2) Recording device; (3) Calculator.
(TW386974-A)      A garbage fermenting apparatus includes a closed fermentative tank (2) provided with a closable port (1) through which both fermentative and non-fermentative garbage may be fed, and a closed full-maturation tank (4) downstream of the fermentative tank having an ejection port (3) with an automatic open/close lid.    First and second heaters (5,6) are attached to the outside surfaces of the tanks, the first heater generating a higher calorific value than the second, both heaters being temperature controlled.    Impellers (9,10) are installed in both tanks and serve to agitate and break down the garbage. A sieve (13) divides fully-fermentative-processed matter ejected from the full-maturation tank into a fully-matured powder (11) and non-fermentative matter (12).    USE -   The apparatus is for processing both fermentative and non-fermentative garbage.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus, which is capable of operating stably over a long period of time produces and separates fully-matured powder and non-fermentative matter quickly on a small scale.
(DE19735573-A1)      Decontamination of waste building materials comprises: (a) removing the pollutants by elution with water; (b) passing the elution water to a detoxification reactor (1) fixed bed in which the pollutants are then rendered harmless by micro-biological break-down; (c) returning the elution water to the decontamination rector (2) and re-using it for elution; and (d) innoculating material used in the detoxification reactor fixed bed with autochthonous micro-organisms from the building residues which are to be decontaminated. The detoxification reactor (1) is a pile of building rubble with an elution water supply (3) and a water outlet (4) linked to the decontamination reactor (2).    USE -   Process and an assembly are used to decontaminate waste building materials.    ADVANTAGE -   Following treatment as described, the waste building residues require no hazardous waste treatment which would attract additional disposal charges.
(DE19734389-C2)      Utilisation of organic waste liquor with a high carbohydrate content, especially from industries producing starch, involves conversion to a culture medium for micro-organisms by purification from solids and sterile filtration. After transfer to a fermenter, the material is inoculated with carbohydrate-reducing micro-organisms and the cell culture is left for several days, then discharged from the fermenter. The micro-organisms are removed from the purified waste liquor and worked up.    USE -   The process is especially useful for converting the carbohydrates to -1,3-glucan paramylon (claimed). This is useful for making packaging and films (claimed). It also has biological activity, i.e. can cause cascade activation of the immune system of humans and animals and counteract the growth of tumours, viral infections (Aids) or skin damage caused by radiation, promote healing and prevent wrinkles, making it useful as additive to cosmetics, salves and creams.    ADVANTAGE -   The process uses little energy and avoids the need for costly photo-bioreactors. It is suitable for clarifying large amounts of organic waste liquor and gives a valuable by-product. Paramylon can be obtained in very pure form, not contaminated with e.g. various proteins, and biodegradable.
(WO9907822-A1)      In a process and assembly to generate biogas from rotting material especially an anaerobic decomposition process, the raw incoming organic material is placed within an enclosed container with an inlet and an outlet.    The novelty is that: (a) the rotting material advances quasi-continuously on a conveyor within the container; (b) the rotting material has a residence period within the container of 7-20 (preferably 14) days; (c) the rotting process is continuously monitored, and the rate of biogas production used to determine the time at which fresh material is to be introduced; (d) the centre section of the assembly is warmed as required by waste heat from an adjacent composting assembly.    USE -   Anaerobic process and assembly is used to produce biogas from rotting organic material.    ADVANTAGE -   The production of biogas continues throughout the process especially during the introduction of fresh composting material.
(JP3194712-B2)      NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of serially arranged rotating drums with independent units for feeding raw material and for ejecting the exhaust gas. The rotating drums are connected by air tight coupling units (3). The coupling unit consists of a transfer portion, which enables the communication of the waste material to the exhaust drum (2), when the feed drum (1) rotates in the reverse direction. The volume of waste content towards the rear part of the feed drum is maintained to be greater than that of the front part.    USE -   For organic refuse and industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Decomposing of the organic waste is carried out efficiently.
(US6284527-B1)      NOVELTY - An organic substance which has been pulverised and mixed with fermentation promoter is supplied to fermentation tanks (10) equipped with a stirrer (14) and temperature sensor (12) arranged serially. The temperature of each fermentation tank is detected based on which the amount of partially fermented organic substance conveyed from the downstream side tank to upstream side fermentation tank maintained at a constant temperature is controlled. The organic substance fermented is ejected by discharging apparatus (40).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a continuous processing apparatus equipped with conveyers (24,30) and control apparatus (50) for regulating the amount of partially fermented organic substance conveyed.    USE -   Used for processing organic refuse from restaurants.    ADVANTAGE -   The continuous processing of organic substance using a microorganism is automated and performed efficiently in a short duration. The environmental hygiene is improved and installation cost of the apparatus is minimised.
(US6231631-B1)      NOVELTY - The carbon and nitrogen weight ratio (C/N) in the compost obtained after processing is 9.5 or less. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of compost, using a compost raw material which has carbon and nitrogen weight ratio (C/N) as 10.5 or less and by maintaining the moisture retention of the raw material to 30-60%.    USE -   As fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   Compost having superior fertilization ability and high efficiency is manufactured.
(FR2766835-A1)      Conversion of light gaseous hydrocarbons into higher hydrocarbons, liquid under normal temperature and pressure comprises a primary adsorption stage over a conversion catalyst and in the presence of a metallic compound which fixes the hydrogen formed during adsorption.    USE -   Used for the conversion of light gaseous hydrocarbons, particularly occurring in natural gas, to higher hydrocarbons liquefiable at ambient temperature.    ADVANTAGE -   The method is a satisfactory alternative to the classical Fischer-Tropsch process which necessitates complex costly equipment. Other advantages of the invention are: conversion to higher homologues with a high selectivity for liquid hydrocarbons, and an improved quality compared to previous processes; the presence of metallic H2-fixing compounds during the adsorption stage improves the efficiency and enables operation at relatively low temperatures. They also prevent the formation of carbon-rich species on the catalyst; the higher efficiency enables operation with reduced amounts of methane; and the heat released by formation of hydrides favours dissociation of the gaseous hydrocarbons on the catalyst, which, itself, is an endothermic reaction.
(WO200032540-A1)      A new receptacle for domestic organic waste to produce compost and/or breed worms. One or more walls of the receptacle is adapted to allow the passage of worm castings and/or fluid through the wall. The walls that are apertured mesh and prevent passage of substantial quantities of organic matter and worms.    USE -   The receptacle is useful for producing compost from domestic organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The compost and worms are suspended off the ground enabling fluid to drain out of container.
(DE19819668-C2)      Process to compost organic waste on a continual or batch process comprises : (a) placing incoming raw material continually or intermittently into a tunnel composter with a limited (especially circular) cross-section, before surrender to a large (especially circular) composter; (b) inoculating the composting material with further rotting material; and (c) ventilating and moistening the rotting material as required, during its progress through the tunnel composter, and draining excess water.    Also claimed is a suitable tunnel composter (1) with a slightly conical profile (10) with an inlet (2) for raw organic matter, a filling funnel (3) and a displacement conveyer (5) which pushes the rotting material through the tunnel.    USE -   The process and assembly are used to compost native organic matter.    ADVANTAGE -   The process and apparatus achieve high throughput, operate at high reliability, and have minimum maintenance and operational costs.
(EP1008201-A1)      The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cells (2) connected in series, with a common gas inlet (4) and gas outlet (5). Each individual fuel cell or fuel cell group (3) is provided with a fuel gas inlet (6) having a closure cap (7), which is operated in response to a setting signal. Each fuel cell or fuel cell group may also have a respective gas outlet (8) with an associated closure cap (9), operated by a supplied setting signal, the setting signals for the gas inlet and gas outlet closure caps supplied in response to the required power output.    USE -   For electric vehicle propulsion drive.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows high efficiency at low load and high power output when required, by switching from series to parallel operation.    (JP2001511590-W)      The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cells (2) connected in series, with a common gas inlet (4) and gas outlet (5). Each individual fuel cell or fuel cell group (3) is provided with a fuel gas inlet (6) having a closure cap (7), which is operated in response to a setting signal. Each fuel cell or fuel cell group may also have a respective gas outlet (8) with an associated closure cap (9), operated by a supplied setting signal, the setting signals for the gas inlet and gas outlet closure caps supplied in response to the required power output.    USE -   For electric vehicle propulsion drive.    ADVANTAGE -   Allows high efficiency at low load and high power output when required, by switching from series to parallel operation.
(NL1006477-C2)      A reactor for carrying out a chemical reaction has at least one bed of catalytically active material consisting of elementary metal bodies sintered to each other and in heat exchange contact with the wall of the reactor. The bodies possess a void fraction between 0.25 and 0.95. Also claimed is a method for carrying out a chemical reaction using a reactor as claimed.    USE -   Used for carrying out chemical reactions, particularly with a large thermal effect.    ADVANTAGE -   The reactor uses a bed of sintered metal bodies which has a large free volume giving a small pressure drop while providing a large surface area for a catalyst and ensuring that the weight of the reactor per unit of volume is lower.
(JP3108036-B2)      Raw material is preheated and supplied to a decomposition process reactor (22), where it is heated to a high temperature. The reactor has a feeder (29) which is charged to heat the raw material. The raw material which is previously heated to a temperature range of 150-230C is supplied through a feeding opening (32) of the reactor. The feeder has a ribbon conveyor (28) rotating in both directions. The ribbon conveyor rotates in reverse direction for shorter time and sends out the raw material through a delivery opening (32) of the feeder, while rotating in forward direction. The raw material is heated to a temperature range of 500-1000C in the feeder. Also claimed in the apparatus for decomposition of granular debris.    USE -   For chaff, sawdust, timber chips, cut grass, polymers, fire resistant organic refuses.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers effective heat decomposition. Reduces size of heat decomposing apparatus. Reduces heat decomposing time.
(JP3204162-B2)      NOVELTY - A chemical is mixed with a micro organism and the growth of micro organism is facilitated using the chemical as nutrient in a biodegradation unit (1). A gas generation instrumentation unit (2) identifies and measures the gas formed during biodegradation of chemical and an ion instrumentation unit (3) identifies the ion formed during biodegradation of chemical. The chemical bio-degradation is evaluated based on output of instrumentation units.    USE -   For use in chemical, plastic material manufacturing installation, waste treatment, processed food preservation.    ADVANTAGE -   Evaluation is done in a very precise manner. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram represents schematic block diagram of chemical biodegradation evaluation apparatus. (1) Biodegradation part; (2) Gas generation instrumentation unit; (3) Ion instrumentation unit.
(JP11001302-A)      Process for converting hydrocarbons contained in crude fuel gas into hydrogen comprises: (a) feeding the fuel gas into a conversion apparatus (34) having a number of conversion reaction units (80, 82, 84); (b) establishing the flow of the conversion reaction in each of the reaction units; (c) feeding oxygen to each unit to produce an exothermic oxidation reaction and using heat produced by the oxidation reaction for the conversion reaction; and (d) regulating the amount of oxygen fed to each reaction unit based on the flow of the conversion reaction.    USE -   In fuel cells to convert chemical energy directly.    ADVANTAGE -   The degree of heat utilisation is increased.
(US6114178-A)      Device for the extraction and/or injection of a sample of fluid in a state of chemical or thermodynamic equilibrium, with a body (1) with two ends (2, 3). One of these ends has at least one orifice (5) allowing the passage of the fluid sample. There is also a cavity (4) for receiving the sample, and means (11) of extracting and/or injecting the sample including means (16) allowing the sample to be kept in a state of chemical or thermodynamic equilibrium identical to the conditions in the fluid before it is removed and/or injected. Use of such a device to take gas samples from a sulphur- making unit, extracting combustion gases containing SO2, SO3, N2, O2, H2O, NOx, H2S, COS, CS2 and NH3, sampling a liquid while its temperature is lowered to separate it into several phases, or sampling a gas containing condensibles such as butane and propane in natural gas treatment units.    USE -   Sampling of fluids without changing their state due to the sampling process.    ADVANTAGE -   Some samples are not representative of the fluid from which they are taken because they are at a different temperature or pressure that the fluid. This device avoids this problem, giving a truer indication of the real state of the fluid.
(BE1011276-A3)      The device for transforming a biomass into energy products such as biomass carbon has an external cylinder (2) in which is enclosed an internal cylinder (1) containing a biomass heated in such a manner as to produce pyrolysis gases injected into a combustion chamber (5) through a connection (6) linking the internal cylinder to the combustion chamber. The axis (B) of the end (7) of the connection is perpendicular to the axis (A) of the cylinders.    Also claimed is the use of the above device to convert a biomass into energy products such as biomass carbon.    ADVANTAGE -   The device is simple and economic, for use in the third world, to reduce wood and charcoal burning.
(EP993510-A1)      Nickel is recovered from soil by: (a) cultivating Alyssum plants in soil so that nickel is accumulated from the soil into above-ground tissues of the plant, (b) harvesting the plant as biomass materials; and (c) recovering the nickel from the harvested material.    USE -   The process is useful for sequestering metals at a 10-20 fold higher concentration in a form that can be used for conventional nickel refinery or smelting operations    ADVANTAGE -   Metals are recovered at economically acceptable levels in a reliable process
(JP4000108-A)       The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.    (JP11014038-A)       The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.    (JP3035264-B2)       The equipment includes a CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus provided in the fuel hole side exhaust gas outlet of a solid electrolyte type fuel battery (15). The water obtained by the CO2 /H2 O isolation and collection apparatus is used for reforming reaction of fuel. The high concentration carbon dioxide obtained by the collection apparatus is added in the fuel entrance side of the battery for reuse. A combustor is provided between the CO2 /H2O isolation and collection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -    Simplified isolation and collection of CO2. Effective reduction of carbon dioxide from the fossil-fuel waste gas.
(JP11029314-A)      A carbon dioxide fixation system for fixing carbon dioxide in an atmosphere or in an exhaust gas, comprises: (a) a fermenting unit for anaerobically fermenting organic wastes and for producing methane gas; (b) a hydrogen producing unit for decomposing the methane gas produced by the fermenting unit and for producing hydrogen gas; and (c) a fixing unit for allowing a reaction between the hydrogen producing unit and the carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere or exhaust gas and for producing carbon and water.    USE -   The system is for use in carbon dioxide fixation in an atmosphere or exhaust gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon dioxide gas is fixed and converted to carbon and water, thus reducing its emissions and contributions to global warming. The fixation system is energy efficient and low cost and has high overall carbon dioxide reduction performance.    (US6270731-B1)      A carbon dioxide fixation system for fixing carbon dioxide in an atmosphere or in an exhaust gas, comprises: (a) a fermenting unit for anaerobically fermenting organic wastes and for producing methane gas; (b) a hydrogen producing unit for decomposing the methane gas produced by the fermenting unit and for producing hydrogen gas; and (c) a fixing unit for allowing a reaction between the hydrogen producing unit and the carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere or exhaust gas and for producing carbon and water.    USE -   The system is for use in carbon dioxide fixation in an atmosphere or exhaust gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Carbon dioxide gas is fixed and converted to carbon and water, thus reducing its emissions and contributions to global warming. The fixation system is energy efficient and low cost and has high overall carbon dioxide reduction performance.
(ZA9803970-A)      Process for treating water containing dissolved sulphate ions and dissolved heavy metal cations to reduce the ion content, by adding sulphide ions to precipitate heavy metal sulphide; flowing part of the treated water along a trench; reducing sulphate anion content of water flowing in trench by biological process to give dissolved sulphide anions; withdrawing water from trench and subjecting to biological oxygenation, and separating biomass from water. Also claimed is an installation.    USE -   Treating waste water to remove dissolved sulphate ions and heavy metal ions.    ADVANTAGE -   The process is an extremely effective yet economic way of reducing sulphate ion and polishing the water.
(RU2114174-C1)      The following are claimed: (1) a consortium of Candida maltosa yeast strains VKPM U-2256 and VKPM U-2257 for use in the biodegradation of oil contamination; (2) a "biopreparation", primarily for removing oil contamination from oil tanks, equipment and water-soil ecosystems, comprising an active component and a mineral additive, where the active component is a consortium as above and is present in an amount of 106 to 108 live cells per gram; (3) a process for producing a biopreparation as above, comprising coculturing the Candida maltosa strains in a liquid nutrient medium containing N and P compounds, mineral additives, trace elements and liquid paraffins, with stirring and aeration while maintaining a temperature of 30-41C and a pH of 3-4; (4) a method of using a biopreparation for removing oil contamination from equipment, water or soil, comprising treating the contaminated object with an aqueous suspension of a biopreparation comprising the above Candida maltosa strains a nd a nitrogen-phosphate mineral additive, where the suspension is formulated by preparing a stock suspension comprising 1-5 wt.% of the Candida maltosa strains and 0.25-1.3 wt.% of the nitrogen-phosphate additive in water at 15-30C, stirring and aerating the suspension for 12 hr, and diluting the suspension with water in a ratio of 1:50-100 for cleaning up soil or in a ratio of 1:5-10 for cleaning up equipment and water.    USE -   Purification of water, soil and other media contaminated by hydrocarbon products.    ADVANTAGE -   The Candida maltosa consortium is more effective than prior art consortia and can be applied to a broad range of oil types (crude oil, gas oil, etc.) over a broad range of temperatures and salinities.
(WO9908336-A2)      A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.    (EP1012896-A2)      A fuel cell has, at the anode (3) side remote from the electrolyte (2), a barrier layer (4) which is impermeable to fuel but permeable to atomic or molecular hydrogen so that the catalytic anode (3) effects oxidation of the hydrogen passing through the barrier layer (4), while the catalyst, contacting the side of the barrier layer (4) remote from the anode (3), effects fuel reformation to produce hydrogen.    USE -   As a fuel cell for methanol passage (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The barrier layer (especially of hydride-forming metal such as Pd or Pd-Si alloy) provides fuel reforming directly at the anode. The design separates the fuel (e.g. methanol) from the electrolyte, thus avoiding the fuel loss and inhibited cathode reaction problems of direct methanol fuel cells and allowing the electrolyte to be made of 'Nafion' (RTM), phosphoric acid or even alkaline material.
(EP992075-A1)      The fuel cell with a methanol reformer is connected at its output parallel to an electric energy storage (3). A charge condition sensor (5) is allocated to the storage, the signal outputs of which are connected with a control unit (4). The control unit is connected with the fuel cell (2), and controls this depending on the charge status of the energy storage.    The energy storage is designed as a battery or a super capacitor. The charge condition sensor is designed as a current measuring unit. The current measuring unit (5) is designed as a shunt or a current transformer. The energy storage is allocated a temperature sensor (6), the signal output of which is connected with the control unit.    ADVANTAGE -   System can be operated with higher degree of utilisation than before.    (US6214484-B1)      The fuel cell with a methanol reformer is connected at its output parallel to an electric energy storage (3). A charge condition sensor (5) is allocated to the storage, the signal outputs of which are connected with a control unit (4). The control unit is connected with the fuel cell (2), and controls this depending on the charge status of the energy storage.    The energy storage is designed as a battery or a super capacitor. The charge condition sensor is designed as a current measuring unit. The current measuring unit (5) is designed as a shunt or a current transformer. The energy storage is allocated a temperature sensor (6), the signal output of which is connected with the control unit.    ADVANTAGE -   System can be operated with higher degree of utilisation than before.
(JP3076262-B2)      The apparatus includes an oil and fat accumulation prevention unit (28) where the drainage water is mixed with oil and fat dissolving micro-organism. The micro-organisms containing agents are mixed in water supplied at a predetermined temperature from a water tank (2). The water tank is provided with a heater (4) and high and low temperature sensors (5,6) to maintain required temperature. An aeration pipe (23) in the fat and oil accumulation prevention tank is supplied with air from a blower controlled by a regulating valve. The air supply is controlled corresponding to quantum of drainage flowing through the oil and fat gathering prevention tank.    USE -   For restaurant, golf course, service area.    ADVANTAGE -   Ensures oil and fat free drainage into public sewage. Prevents bad smell generation. Alleviates need for periodic cleaning removal of grease trap.
(JP3175820-B2)      Fermentation apparatus for organic refuse comprises a treatment tank (1) in which an outer side tumbling barrel (37) is arranged. A hollow rotary shaft (45) with an elevation mechanism (25) comprising a spiral wing (21) inside, is provided in the tumbling barrel. The upper and the lower end of the rotary shaft are opened. Several blades (38,38A-38C,39,40) are provided in outer perimeter of the rotary shaft. The elevation mechanism sends waste (H) from the lower opening to the upper opening of the rotary shaft. The blades are rotated, by a width directional rotational drive (12), along either directions, stirring the waste in the exterior side of the rotary shaft.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus does not require a large driving force to rotate blades as waste seldom becomes hard, and has reduced drive mechanism. It achieves uniform stirring of microorganism carrier and waste and supplies air uniformly to waste through feed pipes provided integrally to blades.
(EP908508-A1)      Process for the selective removal of water, carbon dioxide, ethane and 3+C hydrocarbons from a gas stream to produce a purified gas stream, involves contacting the gas stream at elevated pressure with an adsorbent material consisting of basic, mesoporous compounds (with surface area less than 500 m2/g).    USE -   For use in purification of pipeline natural gas prior to liquefaction.    ADVANTAGE -   Selectively removes water, carbon dioxide, ethane and 3+C hydrocarbons from natural gas using a single adsorbent which can be regenerated.
(EP887328-A2)      Biodegradable waste material is converted by worms into a utilisable end product. A bed of material such as wood chips and grit hosts the worms and the waste material is deposited on the bed. The temperature, humidity and amount of air in the bed are controlled, as is also the amount of waste deposited. Worm castings are removed from the bottom of the bed by actuation of a retrieval mechanism. In an automated system a hopper (26) runs on a track (28) to traverse the bed and deposit waste material. A conveyor (30) removes the castings.    The process is carried out preferably under relative humidity of 60 - 90%, and the bed has a depth in excess of 20cm. An air blowing device blows air up through the gridded bar support into the bed.    USE -   For large scale conversion of biodegradable organic material into useful agricultural or horticultural waste. Uses e.g. 2000 - 10,000 worms per square metre, with the resultant bed containing about 60% worms, and 40% organic matter by volume.    ADVANTAGE -   Gives faster process.
(US6010551-A)      Acceleration of biodegradation of organic matter comprises blowing the organic matter through an elongate stack (2) while oxygen-containing gas is blown (4,3) through the stack from the inside to the outside surface and the stack is periodically agitated. The gas is recycled as a substantially closed gas circulation (10,6,5) and refrigerated (12) and refrigerated gas is blown through the stack at such a rate that the temperature of the stack increases from within towards the surface of the stack.    ADVANTAGE -   Control of condition of air flow gives optimal biodegradation conditions. The water vapor bound to the gas does not condense on the degrading matter and lose its energy to the matter. Larger populations of bacteria can be maintained and the energy recovered from the degrading matter is produced at a higher rate.
(DE19725007-C1)      A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.    (EP884271-B1)      A method of operating a methanol reforming plant involves periodically reactivating the reforming catalyst. During this phase, the reactor containing the catalyst is operated at reduced load and/or at a higher temperature or is flushed with an inert gas.    USE -   Operational method for methanol reforming to produce hydrogen for a vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The plant can be operated at relatively lower cost over longer operational periods without significantly lowering conversion yields.
(EP884323-A1)      A method for renaturing denatured proteins, comprises treating the denatured proteins with a renaturing agent (A) having a hydroxyl group and at least one fluoro atom at carbons in close vicinity.    USE -   The method can be applied to renature valuable proteins that have been denatured through, e.g. sterilisation.    (JP10330396-A)      A method for renaturing denatured proteins, comprises treating the denatured proteins with a renaturing agent (A) having a hydroxyl group and at least one fluoro atom at carbons in close vicinity.    USE -   The method can be applied to renature valuable proteins that have been denatured through, e.g. sterilisation.    (US6022722-A)      A method for renaturing denatured proteins, comprises treating the denatured proteins with a renaturing agent (A) having a hydroxyl group and at least one fluoro atom at carbons in close vicinity.    USE -   The method can be applied to renature valuable proteins that have been denatured through, e.g. sterilisation.
(NL1006072-C2)      The fermenter comprises a cylindrical tube (20) rotatable about its longitudinal axis. It is subdivided over its entire length into at least two separate compartments by a partition (7).    Preferably the tube is subdivided into four separate compartments by the partitions. The partitions are provided with openings. The size of the openings may decrease in the longitudinal direction of the tube, or increase in a direction from the wall towards the tube centre. Circumferential stiffening elements may be provided at regular intervals along the length of the tube.    USE -   For aerobically fermenting animal manure, especially chicken manure. It may also be used for fermenting garden and kitchen waste, and auction mart waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermenter provides a residual material of constant quality with a low moisture content and a small residual amount of unfermented materials. The amount of air required is reduced, and hence energy consumption is minimised.    (EP983213-A1)      The fermenter comprises a cylindrical tube (20) rotatable about its longitudinal axis. It is subdivided over its entire length into at least two separate compartments by a partition (7).    Preferably the tube is subdivided into four separate compartments by the partitions. The partitions are provided with openings. The size of the openings may decrease in the longitudinal direction of the tube, or increase in a direction from the wall towards the tube centre. Circumferential stiffening elements may be provided at regular intervals along the length of the tube.    USE -   For aerobically fermenting animal manure, especially chicken manure. It may also be used for fermenting garden and kitchen waste, and auction mart waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermenter provides a residual material of constant quality with a low moisture content and a small residual amount of unfermented materials. The amount of air required is reduced, and hence energy consumption is minimised.
(US5846815-A)      A continuous composter (10) has an enclosed tunnel (12). It is divided into upstream and a downstream composting zones. The upstream zone is aerated by an air circulation system (42A,43A,46A,48A) and the downstream zone by a system (42B,43B,46B,48B). A conveyor track (22) extends along the length of the tunnel along which a train of conveyor trays (24) are shunted. A ram (26) has a shunting stroke equal to the length of a shunting step of the trays. It acts on the frame of the upstream conveyor tray. In each air circulating system, the exhaust suction is maintained stronger than the inlet pressure of aerating gases.    USE -   For large or small scale composting of food garbage with or without the addition of other less easily compostable materials such as wood chips or rubber.    ADVANTAGE -   The system minimises bacterial contamination.
(DE19721412-C2)      In a multi-stage composting reactor the novelty is that: (a) moist wastes are placed in a horizontal reactor which is sub-divided into three functional sectors (A, B, C); (b) wastes are introduced into the reactor sector A through which they are transported by a press which ejects water which is drained; (c)the wastes are transferred to zone B through which they are transported by air and in which organic constituents are sat least partly converted to CO2 and water; (d) water from zone B is drained, and gas in zone B is discharged; (e)wastes from zone B is transferred to zone C, in which air is also introduced;(f)the residence time in the reactor is between 4 and 14 days.    USE -   Composting reactor for esp. municipal organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The reactor maximises the suitability of the organic wastes for either incineration of disposal in open site dumps.
(JP10327850-A)      A carrier for a microorganism incubation for the diffusion of microelements and inorganic nutrient salts. The microelements and the inorganic nutrients salts useful for the proliferation of the microorganism are included in the porous material.    USE -   A carrier for microorganism incubation is useful for a fixed-bed type methane fermentation (claimed) and waste water treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   A decrease in the activity of the microorganism due to toxicity of the porous material such as the high molecular polymer can be prevented. The surface coating prevents physical exfoliation of the microorganism which is proliferated on the carrier surface.
(CN1255946-A)      Plant for production and utilisation of biogas consists of a usual biogas plant (1) followed by an algal reactor (2) and then a fermenter (3) for the production of poly--hydroxybutyric acid (I). Also claimed is a process for producing (I) using plant of this type.    USE -   (I) is a valuable, very promising biodegradable biopolymer. Other products, e.g. carotinoids extracted from the algal biomass, are useful as food colours or in the cosmetics industry.    ADVANTAGE -   Biogas is normally used in power stations, in which 33% of its total energy content is converted to electrical energy and 57% to heat, of which 12-20% is used for operating the biogas plant. The present process gives an efficient material and energy cycle. The biomass can also be recycled to the biogas plant for conversion to carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4.    (DE19721243-C2)      Plant for production and utilisation of biogas consists of a usual biogas plant (1) followed by an algal reactor (2) and then a fermenter (3) for the production of poly--hydroxybutyric acid (I). Also claimed is a process for producing (I) using plant of this type.    USE -   (I) is a valuable, very promising biodegradable biopolymer. Other products, e.g. carotinoids extracted from the algal biomass, are useful as food colours or in the cosmetics industry.    ADVANTAGE -   Biogas is normally used in power stations, in which 33% of its total energy content is converted to electrical energy and 57% to heat, of which 12-20% is used for operating the biogas plant. The present process gives an efficient material and energy cycle. The biomass can also be recycled to the biogas plant for conversion to carbon dioxide (CO2) and CH4.