NOVELTY - Described is method of preparing 2-3C hydrocarbons which are original stock for preparing polymeric materials and other organic products by oxidative conversion of methane at elevated temperature in the presence of catalyst.    USE - Chemical industry.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified and cheaper method and higher process selectivity.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of compost containing organic waste, (such as livestock manure, agricultural residue, chaff and organic refuse), comprises aerobic fermentation, solidification with adhesive containing starch and wheat flour, and molding.    USE - As fertilizer for agricultural purposes.    ADVANTAGE - Compost is prepared economically and can be transported easily.
NOVELTY - A method for garbage refuse (21) composting comprising electrolytic separation of the saline matter from the garbage refuse and subsequent dehydration, is new.    USE - In the production of manure.    ADVANTAGE - The manure of the garbage refuse devoid of saline matter prevents land burning and acidification of the land. The process is cheap, requires less labor and it proceeds at an optimum temperature. The grinding process reduces the time and effort taken during segregation. Further the controlled electrolytic process combined with the batuki process provides excellent fertilizer for the soil.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the compost system which comprises a grinder cutter tank (24) for grinding the garbage refuse and a batuki tank (8) to which the ground garbage refuse is supplied. The batuki tank contains a positive electrode (5) and a negative electrode (10) are immersed in an electrolyte. By the supply of power to the electrodes fine particles of the garbage refuse is produced in the electrolytic tank. Subsequently, the fine particles are dehydrated in a dehydrating tank (18).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the compost system for garbage refuse.    Positive electrode (5)    Batuki tank (8)    Negative electrode (10)    Dehydrating tank (18)    Garbage refuse (21)
NOVELTY - Composting of organic refuse or organic substance residue comprising fermenting organic refuse during collection in a fermenter, and further fermenting in rotary drum, is new.    USE - The process and apparatus is useful for composting organic refuse or residue of organic substance.    ADVANTAGE - The fermentation of organic refuse prevents the problems associated with dioxine generation. The fermented products can be used as good quality fertilizer. The composites are formed in a short period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Composting of organic refuse comprises, fermenting a refuse in a fermenter (4) within a recovery vehicle (V) during the refuse collecting process. The water content of organic refuse is adjusted during each collection of organic refuse through chamber contains rotating drum and primary fermentation is performed. A small part of fermented organic refuse is transferred from rotatory drum. After a specific time, the organic residue (Y) which is collected separately is fed into rotatory drum and fermentation is performed efficiently.
NOVELTY - Bacteria (I) Alcaligenes latus (No.3563) belonging to Alcaligenes genus or the culture solution containing the bacteria is used for processing organic refuse.    USE - The method is useful for processing organic refuse such as activated sludge cake obtained from home or industries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Organic refuse is degraded efficiently, quickly and production of ammonia is suppressed.
NOVELTY - Submerged stirring apparatus comprising a primary vane in a casing for sucking water from inlet, is new.    USE - For aeration of water in water treatment installations.    ADVANTAGE - Microorganisms suspended in a water tank are prevented from precipitating at the bottom by the use of the submerged stirring apparatus. The submerged stirring apparatus stirs water in a tank efficiently, using little electricity thus reducing running costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Submerged stirring apparatus (10) has a primary vane (28) in a casing (26) for sucking water from inlet (34). The water is discharged into a draft pipe (18) at the bottom by a secondary vane (30) which creates upward flow of water from pipe outlet (42) and suspends the microorganism carrier (14) in water tank (12). An air nozzle (20) for blowing air is provided in the casing between the primary and secondary vanes. A diffusion board (33) that diffuses the upper head water flow generated by the vanes through the outlet (22) is provided in the upper section of casing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of submerged stirring apparatus.    Submerged stirring apparatus (10)    Water tank (12)    Microorganism carrier (14)    Draft pipe (18)    Air nozzle (20)    Upper side outlet of casing (22)    Casing (26)    Primary vane (28)    Secondary vane (30)    Diffusion board (33)    Inlet of casing (34)    Outlet of draft pipe (42)
NOVELTY - Dioxine contaminated soil is purified by using the compost obtained from the decomposition of timber by basidiomycetes.    USE -   For purifying dioxine contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE -   The dioxine contaminated soil can be purified efficiently. Basidiomycetes which decompose the dioxine consume the timber decomposition product which is a nutriment. Basidiomycetes is activated and formation of dioxine can be prevented.
NOVELTY - Processing of organic waste involves separation of liquid from organic waste (by a microorganism). The liquid is aerated and fermented aerobically (for deodorization). The moisture from the matured liquid is removed by dispersing a moisture absorbing material such as sawdust or chaff and the water content is transpired in a drying plant.    USE - For processing organic waste such as livestock or spirits.    ADVANTAGE - The removal of water during fermentation prevents the generation of bad odor. The large surface area of the drier makes an effective transpiration. The process is effective even at low concentration.
NOVELTY - Slowly degradable particulate material (5) is added as a supplement to organic waste (4) and the fermentation process is carried out. The supplementary material to which the fermentation processed material (6) is adhered is isolated, cleaned and recycled.    USE -   For processing organic waste of sludge by fermentation (claimed). The fermentation processed material is used as fertilizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation process is performed completely. The supplementary material and the fermentation processed material adhering to it, are separated easily. The supplementary material can be recycled efficiently, so the amount of supplementary material needed is less providing an economical process. The clogging of the supplementary material is rare.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the fermentation processing of the organic waste. (4) Organic waste; (5) Slow degradable particulate material; (6) Fermentation processed material.
NOVELTY - Carbonization soil contains carbonized organic sludge such as sewage sludge and zeolite. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbonization soil producing method.    USE -   The carbonization soil is used for green farmland, construction material and horticulture and as waste water treatment material.    ADVANTAGE -   Ensures effective use of organic sludge, eliminating reclaimed ground insufficiency. Improves water absorption factor and vegetation by including zeolite.
NOVELTY - Cyclone (22) dries moist waste material and supplies it to a pneumatic conveyor dryer (16) via air current conveyance piping (12). Outlet gas containing dry waste material output by the dryer (16) is transferred to the cyclone (22) which ejects a part of isolated dry waste material in the form of dry powder to external and returns the remaining isolated dry waste material to the dryer (16) via piping (12). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for drying process apparatus of moist waste material.    USE -   For drying processing of moist waste material such as livestock manure and sewage sludge to obtain dry powder used as fuel or fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   The drying process apparatus is compact and is suitable for vehicle mounted use, by avoiding the need of a mechanical conveyor. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic outline block diagram of drying process apparatus. (12) Air current conveyance piping; (16) Pneumatic conveyor dryer; (22) Cyclone.
NOVELTY - In a process to dispose of municipal waste, the organic refuse is separated from inorganic waste by conventional biochemical means and the associated reactions.    USE - Municipal refuse disposal process.    ADVANTAGE - The disposal is effected without separate collection of organic and inorganic refuse.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a process to dispose of municipal waste, the organic refuse is separated from inorganic waste by conventional biochemical means and the associated reactions. The residues are then shredded and sieved at the open site tip. This treatment increases the surface area of organic residues, providing ideal conditions for colonies of micro-organisms and the accelerated break-down of residues. The ensuing micro-organic metabolism liberates heat, and warming the refuse. The warmth both loosens the heap of particles and reduces the incidence of pathogens. The high temperatures prevent the breeding and survival of insects or rodents within the refuse, and minimize the emission of toxic gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view through a suitable composting and refuse disposal tip.    Drainage hose (2) protective pipe (3) ventilation chimney (4) sealing layer (5) rotting layer (6) rotting depth (7) tip sub-strata (1)
NOVELTY - Upper end of container for composting is formed by a housing (5) containing a flinger (6). During filling and emptying the closing plate (7) is replaced by a funnel (8).    USE - Container for preparing pre-composted material for eventual disposal at a central collection point,    ADVANTAGE - Flexible operation to meet varying conditions with a minimum of mechanical expenditure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Upper end of the container is formed by a housing (5) containing a flinger (6). During filling and emptying the closing plate (7) is replaced by a funnel (8). A guide vane (9) directs the flow of material and its inclination is varied to suit the various operations of the container. Air vents (12), whose openings (14) face the fulcrum (13) enter the material. Openings (14) will be above a possible liquid level. The container is tilted about shaft (13) so that the material slides along the tapered sides to enter the flinger, either for mixing or emptying. A size between 0.5 and 5 m3 is envisaged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic arrangement    upper housing (5)    flinger (6)    closing plate (7)    funnel (8)    guide vane (9)    air vents (12)    fulcrum of container (13)    openings in air vent (14)
NOVELTY - Processing poultry dung is new and comprises periodically removing wet dung from an animal accommodation, for instance a poultry house and causing the dung to dry in predetermined conditions outside the animal accommodation.    USE - The system is preferably used to compost poultry manure but may also be used for cattle and pig dung.    ADVANTAGE - Since the wet chicken dung is removed from the chicken accommodation before being dried, the problem of ammonia emission, house climate and possible infections is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) compost obtained by the above method; and    (2) a system of apparatus for performing the method comprising:    (a) mixing means for mixing wet dung and dung structure-improving agents;    (b) a composting space for composting the mixture; and    (c) transport means for transporting the mixture from the mixer to the composting space.
NOVELTY - A gaseous phase reformer comprises a containment housing with gas inlet and outlet nozzles, holding a catalyst presented on a carrier surface, and a heater. The working surface area of the catalyst is adjusted as a function of the volumetric flow rate or pressure, for example by means of a piston device.    USE - Continuous flow gas and vapor phase reactors for reforming methanol or natural gas, etc into hydrogen , especially for use as an energy source for a fuel cell in applications having variable demand , such as vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A reformer having high turn-down capability whilst retaining high conversion efficiency, e.g. units which can operate satisfactorily down to 60% of design capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reforming reactor (1) has a number of sub-chambers (1a-e),preferably concentrically arranged around a vertical, axial gas main (3). Feed gas is supplied upwards through the bottom connection and passes through a free-sliding distributor (4), which has a perforated head (4b) mounted on a closed pipe section (4a); the head also has a nozzle (2) which generates back pressure, proportional to the gas flow, and acts against a loading spring (5). As the gas flow increases the perforated head is moved downwards, uncovering the inlets to more of the sub-chambers; conversely on decreasing feed flow, the spring (5) urges the head upwards to occlude the inlets to the surplus chambers. Gaseous product is collected in a common header at the top of the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows a reformer vessel in section.    concentric catalyst chambers (1a-e)    sliding, perforated feed distributor (4b)    loading spring (5).
NOVELTY - The algorithm involves measuring of the reformer heat exchanger inlet temperature and comparing it with the outlet temperature. If the temperature is not positive or greater than a stored value a diagnostic is flagged and the system is shut down.    USE - Algorithm uses the measured temperature drop across the reformer heat exchanger to determine if the fuel cell system fuel processor subsystem is operating properly.
NOVELTY - Method is based on closing the heat dump valve (4) after purging, removing the parallel flow path of the cooling gas to atmosphere and subsequently causing all cool air to first pass through the reformer heat exchanger, enabling the reformer to cool down rapidly.    USE - Method is for cooling down the fuel reformer after operating a fuel reforming fuel cell system in preparation for a system restart or total power down.    ADVANTAGE - Quickly and efficiently cools down fuel reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - With the heat dump valve open, cool air blown through the combustor is vented directly to atmosphere. A back-pressure regulator maintains system pressure and causes the air path through the reformer heat exchanger to be more resistant to flow as compared with the path through the valve. After purging the valve is closed to remove the parallel path of the cooling air so all the air passes through the reformer heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic of the cooling method.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system has a heat dump valve between the combustor output and reformer input. Normally little or no heat is diverted away from the reformer and the valve is in the low position. If the reformer is hotter than required, due to excess methanol or hydrogen passing to the combustor, the valve position is high and if this continues for too long the system is shut down.    USE - Algorithm is for detecting fuel cell excessive combustor power.
NOVELTY - Algorithm is based on measuring the pressure drop across the combustor air valve using pressure sensors (p1,p2). If the calculated air valve position is above a stored position the pressure drop across the valve will be below the pre-determined value, indicating that the valve is open and vice versa.    USE - Algorithm is for detecting combustor air feed valve position error in a fuel cell reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the arrangement.
NOVELTY - A method for removal of phosphorus from iron ore involves using a microorganism Aspergillus sp(KSC-1004) or Fusarium sp(KSC-1005).    USE - For removal of phosphorus from iron ore for steel manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Dephosphorization can be performed under moderate condition using the microorganism at a higher rate. Load of dephosphorization during steel manufacture is reduced sharply. Generation of slag is reduced, hence amount of industrial waste formation is decreased.
NOVELTY - A reform gas is passed through primary secondary membranes (9,10) to separate non-permeable methane gas. The permeable gas of reform gas is sent to secondary membrane while a part flows to a supplement supply line (9d) and LPG carburization of non-permeate gas is performed.     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformed gas is sent to a primary membrane where a methane rich gas is obtained as non-permeate gas. The permeate gas of the primary membrane is sent to secondary membrane. The recirculation of the non-permeate gas of the secondary membrane is performed and is mixed with reform gas. The mixed gas is again sent to primary membrane to get a carbondioxide rich, high calorific SNG of calorific value 11000 Kcal/Nm3 (13A specification). When the secondary membrane can not be used one part of the permeate gas of primary apparatus is sent to a supplement line for LPG --. On part of the reform gas is supplied to recycle gas for hydrogenation desulfurization. The reform gas is methanated gas or a mixed gas of reform gas and methanated gas. The membrane is a film whose permeability coefficient is 13 or more. The CO2concentration in SNG is 2.0 or less. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing apparatus for SNG.    USE -   For manufacture of high calorific substitute natural gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Even in case of an emergency where the secondary membrane separation can not be used, the supplement supply line -- that stable supply of gas is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows schematic composition of SNG manufacturing apparatus. (9,10) Primary, Secondary membrane; (9d) Supplement supply line.
NOVELTY - A leaf charcoal manufacturing apparatus has the earth side walls and roof. An air permeable floor (10) is provided with parallel rail. The chamber is equipped with liquid collecting pipe and a scavenging pipe. The liquid collecting pipe is connected to the tapping in a steel container (21). The container moves on the rail.    USE - Leaf charcoal manufacturing apparatus using used paper and weeds.    ADVANTAGE - By virtue of construction, the structure of charcoal manufacturing apparatus enables to produce leaf charcoal at high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the vertical side view of leaf charcoal manufacturing apparatus.    Steel container (21)
NOVELTY - Waste plastic containing halogen type flame retardant is thermolysed in the presence of acidic catalyst compound and the halogen is removed from the plastics    USE -   For recycling plastics which is useful for houses, domestic electrical appliances, machines, devices etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The halogen components are efficiently removed. Utilization of solid fuel and corrosion of apparatus are reduced. Formation of volatile halogenated antimony is decreased notably at the time of combustion. Waste gas is made harmless easily.
NOVELTY - Waste plastic containing halogen group flame retardant is subjected to thermolysis under reduced pressure.    USE -   For recovering flame retardants.    ADVANTAGE -   Thermal cycle of waste plastic and solid fuel-formation recycle is effectively attained by the halogen removal method. The method enables high halogen recovery percentage. Corrosion of the solid fuel utilization unit is prevented.
NOVELTY - Bioprocessing system has injection apparatus, odor apparatus, temperature regulator, reversing device, ventilating hole, extraction damper and electron weighing machine.    USE - The system is useful for processing organic waste such as plant waste and poultry waste.    ADVANTAGE - The organic waste are decomposed without spoiling the environment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for processing organic waste of industrial system comprises injection apparatus which sends organic waste. The odor apparatus enhances the decomposition of the polymeric microbe and cellulose microbe.
NOVELTY - A new gas storage organo metal complex consists of divalent metal ions, bidentate organic ligands coordinating the divalent metal ions, and halogenated divalent metal anions, having three-dimensional structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are also included for: (1) A method of producing the new metal complex, where an aqueous solution containing the salts of the divalent metal ions and the halogenated divalent metal anions and a solution containing the organic ligands are mixed in a given ratio and reacted. (2) A new gas storage apparatus is also claimed, where the new organo metal complex is placed in the room of a pressure-resistant vessel having a gas inlet and outlet. A gas containing mainly methane is stored by adsorbing it in the new organo metal complex. (3) A car having the new gas storage apparatus and an internal engine driven by methane gas supplied from the apparatus is also claimed.(4) A LNG storage apparatus is also claimed, which comprises a gas storage tank with the organo metal complex.    USE -   For gas adsorbing or storage, especially methane gas for cars or LNG.    ADVANTAGE -   The new organo metal complex has a large gas storage capacity per unit volume.
NOVELTY - Fermentation additive for fermenting human and animal waste, used as fertilizer, comprises protease enzyme containing microbe, is new.    USE - The additive is useful as a fertilizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process suppresses unpleasant odor effectively (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fermentation additive such as protease enzyme is present in microbes. The enzyme decomposes ammonia (produced from human and animal waste) by reacting with the added iron sulfate to produce ammonium sulfate.
NOVELTY - A compost bag contains an upper cover (2), a bottom cover (3) and a trunk (1). The upper and the bottom covers are openable. Plant waste material are processed in the compost bag.    USE - As fertilizers obtained from pruning the waste like branches, leaves and weeds.    ADVANTAGE - The bag is more flexible and it can be conveniently folded when not in use. The compost fertilizer is removed by opening either the upper or the bottom cover. The bag can be reused.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure describes the Compost Bag.    Trunk (1)    Upper cover (2)    Bottom cover (3)    Belt (4)    Sag (5)
NOVELTY - Composting method of organic waste involves saccarification, fermentation by Bacillus bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast and subsequent decomposition.    USE - The method is useful for producing chemical and agrochemical fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The processing of organic waste eliminates the evolution of bad odor. The compost is also used in horticulture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for evaluating the decomposed organic waste involves measuring the near infrared spectrum of the organic waste and calculating the degree of rotting down.
NOVELTY - Amylolysis or protein degradation yeast or bacteria fixed on a porous ceramic carrier which comprises calcinated natural zeolite or an inorganic material placed inside a bioreactor, is new.    USE - The bioreactor is used in waste water treatment systems containing activated sludge units or a phosphorus absorbent unit in breweries and food industries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of decomposing raw starch using amylolysis yeast or bacteria and for decomposing proteins using yeast or bacteria.
NOVELTY - A habitat for microorganisms involves the usage of piece of wood chip in the absence of organic refuse. Timber such as Japanese cidar material is cut into small chips containing 0.1-7mm. The inhibiting agents which block the growth of microorganisms are removed and chlorella bacteria are grown.    USE - As organic refuse manure.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon dioxide generation is suppressed. The process does not require a heater, a vacuum device or any other special device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microorganisms are deposited on the surface of the earth fields or divided land surface or underground land surface at a thickness of 50cm. The organic refuse is injected with base culture containing 10% microorganisms, mixed by stirring to give processed organic refuse.
NOVELTY - Organic waste is processed by fermentation and carbonization. The carbonized gas obtained from compost is passed into the fermenter. The gas generated during fermentation is burnt.    USE - For processing organic waste such as animals and plants residues, sludge obtained from waste water treatment, livestock manure, foodstuff work.    ADVANTAGE - The exhausted combustion gas utilized for fermentation process. The fermenter can be operated cheaply and there is no need to use saw dust.
NOVELTY - Paddle vane (14) provided to each treatment tank (2), is rotated in clockwise and anticlockwise for transfer of processed material through the transfer holes (18) provided in the partition in between treatment tanks. The transfer holes are provided at specific positions in circumference of circle traced by vane blade tip while moving.    USE - The apparatus is useful for fertilizer and livestock feed manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - As fermentation processing apparatus has several tanks, fermentation can be carried out for a long time and volumetric efficiency is good with size reduction, so that manufacturing becomes easy. Bad odor generation is prevented and hence operativity is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cut off blade is provided for removing the processed material adhered to the wall of the tank. The treatment tank has two portions. The first portion is for fermentation and second for drying. A combining unit connects reinforcement and paddle vane. The inner diameter of combining unit tapers at center section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross sectional structural view of fermentation processing apparatus.    Treatment tank (2,4,5,6,)    Motor (7)    Rotation axis (8)    Suction hole (9a,9b)    Blower (9c)    Injection Hopper (11)    Paddle vane (14)    Transfer hole (18)
NOVELTY - Decomposition of waste water having a high carbohydrate content comprising adding Flavobacterium indologenes, is new.    USE - The microorganism is useful for decomposing waste water from kitchen.    ADVANTAGE - The process reduces the pollution in sea area. The apparatus can be installed in restaurants.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microorganism Flavobacterium indologenes K-K-6 has high degree of decomposition capacity of organic waste water and grinding juice of rice under aerobic condition. The microorganism decomposes the waste water which have high carbohydrate content and low protein and lipid content.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the decomposition processing method of organic waste water under aerobic condition.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of compost soil improvement comprises adsorption of ammonia gas by the leaves, roots or grasses obtained from the cut or falling parts of trees obtained from public, street or house, fixing and fermenting the gas by microorganism.    USE - For manufacturing compost soil improvement material.    ADVANTAGE - The generation of public hazardous gas by incineration of falling parts of trees are prevented.
NOVELTY - Several stirring blades (90) are provided in a refuse process drum (20). The blades rotate in a direction opposite to that of drum so as to stir the refuse in the drum.    USE -   For use in the food processing industry,for example in brewery, tofu processing, meat processing, field dairy farms, pig farms and poultry farms. Is best suited to large scale installation.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of scum and therefore disposal of scum is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view organic refuse processor. (20) Refuse process drum; (90) Stirring blades.
NOVELTY -Bucket for turning over compost used in wheel loader is new.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bucket (1) is provided with a movable beater (2) which moves inside the bucket. An extrusion arm (3), located in the bucket, moves towards or away from the front opening of the bucket. The bucket for turning over compost is provided in a wheel loader.    USE -   For turning over compost using wheel loader.    ADVANTAGE -   Vibration of the bucket used for extrusion of compost is eliminated as an extrusion arm is provided. Air permeability is improved as compost is broken finely. Fermentation time is reduced as air permeability is improved. Efficient compost production is enabled. Odor from the compost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of bucket for turning over compost. (1) Bucket; (2) Beater; (3) Extrusion arm.
NOVELTY - A vertical processing chamber (1) stores livestock waste (F) in a slurry form. An aeration unit (2) makes air to mix with waste and the mixture is made to flow upwards through the cylindrical pneumatic lift pipe (3) which extends beyond waste storage level (S) from center section of processing chamber. A cylindrical well (4) surrounding the lift pipe is extended above the upper end of the pneumatic pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cylindrical well is provided with the cap like shunt plate (5) having center hole installed above the top edge of the cylindrical well. The air slurry mixture traveling upwards through the pneumatic lift pipe is deflected by the shunt plate and made to travel downwards at predetermined intervals through the cylindrical well. A defoaming machine (8) is connected to ceiling of processing chamber.    USE -   For processing livestock waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Forms favorable aerobic environment because enough oxygen is made to dissolve with the waste due to the provision of the cylindrical well around lift pipe. Apparatus reduces burden on defoaming machine due to provision of hole in the shunt plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective cross sectional view of fermentation processing apparatus. (1) Vertical processing chamber; (2) Aeration unit; (3) Cylindrical pneumatic lift pipe; (4) Cylindrical well; (5) Cap like shunt plate; (8) Defoaming machine; (F) Livestock waste; (S) Waste storage level.
NOVELTY - The fibrous matter (10) made of a biodegradable plastic, has several circular threads hung in sea water or fresh water. A bivalve (12) of adhesive nature which lives in the ocean is made to adhere to the distribution thread. The bivalve is performing athrocytosis of suspended organic substance and collected ashore.    USE -   For purifying sea water or fresh water.    ADVANTAGE -   The fibrous matter consisting of a biodegradable plastic holds bivalve for a long period of time, made to grow and then collected ashore, and so water is purified easily and effectively. The grown-up bivalve can be effectively utilized as the fodder, fertilizer, etc. Since sticky bivalve are adhered to the threads, purification is carried out efficiently with the effective prevention of detachment of bivalve and thread. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of sea water purification procedure. (10) Fibrous matter; (12) Bivalve.
NOVELTY - Mushroom growing blocks are prepared by compacting a mushroom growing base in plastic foil bags, is new. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The blocks are optionally sterilised prior to be inoculation and moistened. The bags are sealed and a vacuum is established in them. Post evacuation bag dimensions are optionally set. While vacuum is maintained, the blocks are impregnated by a moistening liquid. The liquid contains highly comminuted mushroom inoculum particles and appropriate culture media additives. Addition of liquid is continued until predetermined moisture levels are reached.    USE -   None given.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon gases obtained from a gaseous mixture discharged during the pyrolysis of household and industrial wastes are contacted with water and oxidant vapors, resulting in the production of a final gas mixture, and at least part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the mixture is used as a fuel, e.g., in a blast furnace or a cement furnace.    USE - Production of cast iron in a blast furnace and cement in a cement furnace (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduced discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere by reducing coke consumption in blast furnaces, and pulverized carbon and/or fuel oil and/or gas consumption in cement furnaces.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Following pyrolysis and contact with vapors of water and oxidant, heavy metals are extracted prior to creating the final gas mixture.    Pyrolysis is carried out at at least around 300 degrees C.    Contact of the hydrocarbon gases with vapors of water and oxidant involves raising the temperature of the hydrocarbons, isolating the carbon from the hydrocarbons, decomposing water to obtain oxygen, and reacting the carbon and the oxygen to obtain at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen.    At least half of the final gas mixture comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the ratio hydrogen/carbon monoxide being around 0.5-3, preferably 1.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the process according to the invention.
NOVELTY - Improved desulfurization of a hydrocarbon stream comprises splitting a stream from the steam reformed hydrocarbon, containing hydrogen, optionally reducing the amount of water from the hydrogen-containing split stream, re-injecting the split stream to an ejector driven by the hydrocarbon feed stream as a motive stream, and admitting the hydrogen-containing admixture to the hydrogenation step.    USE - Improving desulfurization of a hydrocarbon stream in a process where hydrogen is not readily available and where the hydrocarbon stream is further processed in a catalytic reforming step.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen helps to prevent the oxidation of the sulfur poisoned steam reforming catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus used in the desulfurization of a hydrocarbon stream.
NOVELTY - A device for waste treatment of all types, is new.    USE - The device is useful for refuse treatment (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The multifunctional nature of the internal tools allows relative motion to be arranged for minimize abrasion. The drum can be cleared mechanically in case of failure of the internal parts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A device for waste treatment of all types, is new. The refuse has to be cut, sieved, watered and dried. These operations are carried out in a horizontal drum sieve fitted internally with cutters, screws, mixers and the like, mounted on a shaft that could be stationary or driven. Water, air and gas lines can form part of the internal configuration. The drum is also rotated through external gearing or chains.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell module, having reformer units (14) protected against corrosion by an alloy of an iron group metal, chromium, aluminum and yttrium.    USE - As a fuel cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The MCrAlY alloy provides reliable corrosion protection of the reformers even in an oxidizing atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell arrangement comprises reformer units (14) which are located between and in thermal contact with the fuel cells (1) of a fuel cell stack (2) and which are provided with a corrosion protection (17c) of a MCrAlY alloy (M = Fe, Ni and/or Co).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of part of a fuel cell module.    fuel cells (1)    fuel cell stack (2)    reformer unit (14)    corrosion protection (17c)
NOVELTY - Reactor has cooled dividing walls with metal plates/metallic inserts. Cooling is achieved by feeding cooling medium into hollow or intermediate chambers into the plates/inserts.    USE - Used in carbon monoxide (CO) conversion, epoxidation of olefins to form olefin oxides, selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, non-selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, methane synthesis, methanol synthesis, Claus reaction, direct oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfur trioxide (SO3) and in the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reactor has a simple construction with a high degree of safety.
NOVELTY - A method for the foaming of organic materials during handling and fermenting is restrained by adding a silicon anti-foaming agent.    USE - Restraining foaming during transport and fermentation of materials used in biogas production eg liquid or solid manure, waste fats or oils, organic kitchen, domestic or industrial waste, abattoir wastes or composts.    ADVANTAGE - By restraining foaming the full height of the bioreactor can be used and a stable fermentation process is achieved which is controllable over a wide temperature range, both in the mesophilic range (20-45degreesC) and with thermophilic cultures at eg 45-80degreesC, thus increasing the bioreactor productivity. Further, the silicon antifoaming agent is stable to the fermentation microbes and is not degraded; it therefore retains its activity over long periods.
NOVELTY - A process for analyzing the resultant from non-oxygen dehydroaromatizing reaction of low-carbon alkanes including methane includes adding inertial gas (1-20%) as internal reference substance to the reactive raw gas CH4, separating reactive resultant by two columns (one of both is a stainless steel column ("6201") supported by OV-101 and its separated resultant comes into hydrogen flame detector, and another is a stainless steel column ("HayeSep D') and its separated resultant comes into thermal conduting pool detector), and calculating the coked amount, transform rate and the selectivities ofresultants by using CH4 as a correlation bridge between the analysis methods of two detectors and using inertial gas as internal reference substance.    ADVANTAGE -   The process can give out all analyzed results and the calculated result of carbons balance including coking.
NOVELTY - Decontaminating soil contaminated with methoxychlor (I), where the soil contains viable anaerobic and aerobic microbes capable of converting (I) into harmless materials, comprises mixing the soil with amendment material and composting, where the redox potential is kept below -200 mV until a significant amount of (I) is degraded, then oxygenated to increase the redox potential to above +100 mV.    USE - For decontaminating soil or sediment contaminated with the toxic, potentially carcinogenic chlorinated pesticide methoxychlor (I).    ADVANTAGE - The process is inexpensive and widely applicable. Control of the redox potential provides efficient removal of (I). The level of decontamination can be controlled, e.g. partial decontamination or total remediation. By repeating the process, soil almost completely free of (I) can be obtained. Typically for 1 ton of soil contaminated with up to 600 ppm of (I), three sequences of 2 weeks anaerobic/2 weeks aerobic reduce the (I) level to below 140 ppm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Decontamination of soil contaminated with methoxychlor (I), where the soil contains viable anaerobic and aerobic microbes (viable under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions) capable of converting (I) into harmless materials, comprises:    (i) mixing the soil with amendment material to give a soil compost mixture containing organic nutrients;    (ii) composting the mixture at 20-65degreesC and a water content of 40-100% of the water holding capacity (WHC) of the mixture;    (iii) keeping the redox potential of the mixture below -200 mV until a significant amount of (I) is degraded; and    (iv) thereafter oxygenating to increase the redox potential to above +100 mV and maintaining this potential until a significant amount of (I) is degraded.
NOVELTY - The operating system uses a well-defined layer of software designed specifically for receiving inputs, scaling them and servicing the output drivers. The input/output operations can be time-optimized by doing most of them in one centralized area of the software employing a virtual input/output (VIO) layer to read all addresses, to scale their reading into engineering units and to present these data for use by general control algorithms.    USE - Control of a fuel cell using a real-time operating system supervised by a state machine.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The VIO layer must also provide calibration and monitoring capabilities for all its functionalities.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the VIO system of the software.
NOVELTY - A stainless steel tank (23) has a cylindrical portion wider than the gas-discharge openings (S1,S2) provided at the upper and lower ends of tank. Several equally-spaced catalytic metal plates (25A-25E) with small holes (P) parallelly arranged with respect to tank axis (2) are provided in the stainless steel tank.    USE - For producing light oil from waste plastics e.g. plastic containers, shopping bags.    ADVANTAGE - Since the provision of catalytic metal plates enhances the cracking process, a reliable and good light oil is extracted easily. The use of copper metal plates reduces the cost of oil processing system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A waste gas pipe (28) surrounding the stainless-steel tank passes and circulates the waste-gas (G) around the tank. The central holes (26) of diameter 1/6 to 1/2 of diameter of plate, are drilled on each circular thin catalytic metal plate. Equally-spaced resistance boards (27) are arranged upwardly from central hole of each metal plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of oil processing system.    Stainless steel tank (23)    Metal plates (25A-25E)    Central hole (26)    Resistance board (27)    Waste gas pipe (28)    Waste gas (G)
NOVELTY - Waste treatment equipment comprises heater (17) and stirrer (5) for treatment tank (3) supplied with refuse and microorganism. Exhaust of treatment tank is passed through treated water (14) for deodorizing and is recirculated into the tank. The recirculation path (24) of deodorized gas is provided along the surrounding of treatment tank heater.    USE - For processing paper refuse, waste rubber glove, cinder.    ADVANTAGE - Improves durability of motor provided for stirrer, avoids temperature reduction of treatment tank due to exhaust circulation as recirculation path of deodorized gas is provided along treatment tank heater outer side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the transverse plane cross-sectional view of waste treatment equipment.    Treatment tank (3)    Stirrer (4)    Treated water (14)    Heater (17)    Recirculation path (24)
NOVELTY - A gas containing oxygen and organic solvent in a gaseous phase oxidation reaction tank (1), is irradiated with an ultraviolet rays which oxidizes organic solvent. The oxidized gas is supplied to a packed column-type biological slime reaction vessel (2) equipped with a filler (3) and circulated with water which forms activated sludge microorganism on the filler.    USE - For treating gas containing organic solvent.    ADVANTAGE - The organic solvent is decomposed into harmless carbon dioxide and water by active microorganism. The method is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas containing oxygen and organic solvent, is introduced into a gaseous phase oxidation reaction tank (1) which is irradiated with an ultraviolet rays having wavelength 185 nm and 254 nm. The ultraviolet rays performs vapor phase oxidation of organic solvent and the oxidized gas is supplied to a packed column-type biological slime reaction vessel (2) equipped with a filler (3). The biological slime reaction vessel is circulated with water which forms activated sludge micro-organism on the filler. The apparatus has a controlling unit to control the amount of ultraviolet rays.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for treating gas containing organic solvent. The vapor phase oxidation of organic solvent transfers the organic solvent into alcohol or organic acid. Then, the alcohol or acid is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by activated sludge micro-organism in the biological slime reaction vessel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the apparatus used for treating gas containing organic solvent.    Gaseous phase reaction vessel (1)    Packed column-type biological slime reaction vessel (2)    Filler (3)    Fan (6)    Pipelines (7-9)
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide-removing device (2) is an oxidation device for carbon monoxide.    USE - Used for producing hydrogen-containing gas from hydrocarbon containing medium.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus for producing a hydrogen-containing gas from a hydrocarbon-containing medium has a reforming device (1) which provides a reformate (5) and is connected to multistaged carbon monoxide removing device (2). The hydrocarbon containing medium flows through the reforming device (5) in one direction and likewise the reformate (5) flows through the carbon monoxide removing device (2). Stages (1.1,1.2) of the reforming device (1) in ascending series based on gas flow direction (4) are in thermal contact via heat conducting separating medium (7) with stages (2.1,2.2) of the carbon monoxide removing device (2) in descending series based on the gas stream direction (6).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a perspective view of the apparatus.    reformate (5)    reforming device (1)    carbon monoxide removing unit (2)    hydrocarbon containing medium (3)    stages (1.1,1.2,2.1,2.2)    gas stream direction (4,6)    separating medium (7)
NOVELTY - The layered catalyst comprises: (i) a core sulfated support comprising at least one of the oxides and hydroxides of elements of Group IVB; (ii) an intermediate layer comprising a modifier component selected from 0.05-2 mass %, on an elemental basis, of a single metal, or compound of this, selected from manganese, nickel and iron; and (iii) a top layer comprising 0.05-10 mass %, on an elemental basis, of a single metal, of compound of this, selected from platinum-group metals.    USE - Conversion of paraffin hydrocarbons, particularly for the selective upgrading of naphtha by isomerization.    ADVANTAGE - A high octane gasoline component is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the isomerization of a naphtha feedstock to obtain a product having an increased isoparaffin content comprising contacting the feedstock in an isomerization zone maintained at 40-250 degrees C, 100 kPa to 10 MPa and a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.2-25 hr-1, with a layered isomerization catalyst as above.
NOVELTY - A mixture is prepared and is fed through a continually-operated reactor (1) by compressed and process air from jets (112) in the reactor top or bottom, and/or a washing fluid. The components are broken down by the air action and are dried by air, allowing the soluble organic components to be removed.    USE - Removal of organic residues from refuse. The compressed air maximizes aerobic decomposition and supplies the shear forces promoting mechanical particle breakdown.    ADVANTAGE - The process removes organic substances from refuse at lower cost than prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A mixture is prepared of a substance (2), one component of which has a structure, while the other component comprises organic residues. The components are received as a random bulk heap (114) which is fed through a continually-operated reactor (1) by compressed and process air at greater than 4 bar from jets (112) in the reactor top or bottom, and/or a washing fluid. The components are broken down by the air action and are dried by air, allowing the soluble organic components to be removed. The mixture is subjected to especially impulse or periodic forces which are vertical or parallel to the direction of component flow. The washing fluid is introduced through a distribution point (44) at the head of the reactor. The treated mixture is discharged (6) at the base of the reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross sectional view through a reactor which hydrolyzes the organic components.    Reactor (1)    Mixture (2)    Discharge (6)    Distribution point (44)    Jets (112)    Random bulk heap (114)
NOVELTY - Organic substances are first separated by aerobic hydrolysis and dried by air. The remaining carbon-rich residues are then compacted and de-watered to be used as a fuel. The hydrolysis takes place in a reactor (39) with an inlet (58) and an outlet (60). A washing fluid and air flow through the reactor as required.    USE - Process to convert household and commercial refuse into fuel is for combustion.    ADVANTAGE - The processes minimizes the technical complexity of the biological break-down.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a process to recycle household and commercial waste, secondary raw materials are separated from the bulk leaving residue of pre-determined fine grained particle size which is then subject to further thermal or biological treatment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a suitable assembly for the aerobic hydrolysis and air drying processes.    reactor (39)    inlet, outlet (58,60)
A welding-cutting gas for metals contains hydrogen (5-30%), propane (10-80%), propene (10-80%) and dimethyl silica oil (1-2%). Its advantages are low cost, no autoignition, no generation of waste dregs and gas, and no generation of black ash on welding or cutting metal.
An expendable environment-protecting goods including containers and dinner set is made up of the stem, leaf and fruit shell of herbaceous plant (straw, stalk or rice husk) through grinding, mixing with tough adhesive, moulding, drying, surface treatment, sterilization and packing.    ADVANTAGE -   Advantages include no poison, natural degradation, high content of plant fibres up to 90-94%, and reuse of used said goods as feed, fuel or fertilizer.
NOVELTY - An activator for microbial degradation of organic halogen in environmental circumstances contains, as the effective component, at least one compound selected from 5-7C alicyclic alcohols, benzyl alcohols, 5-8C monocarboxylic acids and indane.    USE - The activator is useful for cleaning soil contaminated with organic halogen compounds used in industrial solvents.    ADVANTAGE - The activators enhance the degradation activities of microbial organisms. The process is simple, such as adding the activator to the soil.
NOVELTY - A worm-composter (1) comprises an elongated inverted V section (2) of non-corroding material, in a chamber (3, 4) above an access opening(s) in the outer wall of the chamber creating a void (5). The void facilitates the removal of worm castings from both sides of the chamber.    USE - For composting household wastes utilizing worms to convert organic matter into worm castings.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a void created by the elongated inverted section and which improves aeration of the compost and thus increases worm activity throughout the chamber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (1) can be adapted for use in any new or existing non-rotating composter chamber by altering the dimensions of the inverted V section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectioned front elevation of the elongated inverted section fitted to a chamber.    Worm-composter (1)    Inverted section (2)    Chamber (3, 4)    Void (5)
NOVELTY - Solid form composition (I), weighing at least 85 grams, for controlling organic pollutant, algae and/or weeds in natural waters, comprising aerobic microorganisms (A) and growth accelerators (B) for (A), is new.    USE - (I) is useful for controlling organic pollutant, algae and/or weeds in natural waters such as ponds, lakes, rivers, stream, or brooks.    ADVANTAGE - The microorganism present in the composition easily digests the food stuffs, utilized by the algae or weed, so the growth of algae and fungi are suppressed. Desired shapes can be obtained by molding the solid form composition.
NOVELTY - Preparing low-sulfur hydrocarbon feedstock products for fuel cell fuel, comprises: (a) providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; and (b) converting the synthesis gas via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to hydrocarbon feedstock products. The hydrocarbon products include tail gas, condensate wax, straight-run diesel and naphtha products, hydrocracked diesel and naphtha products or their mixtures.    USE - For forming fuel cell fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuels obtained have very low levels of sulfur, aromatics and nitrogen compounds, without a desulfurizing step. Sulfur tolerant materials are not required in the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also claimed for a method operating a fuel cell, using the above method to form the hydrocarbon feedstock, and electrochemically combining hydrogen derived from the feedstock with an oxidant, without combustion, to produce electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing show a flow diagram illustrating the low temperature Fischer-Tropsch process.
NOVELTY - Methane converter mixer includes cylindrical housing with bottom where the following components are arranged: device for forming flow of one of gaseous media to be mixed which consists of taper ferrule with sleeve, cylindrical ferrule and solution forming circular passage together with inner walls of housing and bottom; inlet branch pipe located coaxially relative to cylindrical housing on side opposite to bottom; injectors for delivery of media to be mixed to mixing zone which are secured in bottom and are communicated with branch pipe through circular passage. Flow forming device is provided with central gas duct connecting the inlet branch pipe with bottom portion of circular passage. Gas duct is made in sectional form consisting of upper and lower sleeves interconnected telescopically; its upper end is connected through ring secured on casing and lower end is secured on taper ferrule. Gas duct provides for intensive cooling of bottom and cylindrical ferrule by gas being mixed. Bottom is spheroconical in shape. Injectors are secured on body by means of detachable joint; diameter of lower sleeve exceeds diameter of upper sleeve; supply tubes are secured on bottom through detachable joints.    USE - Chemical industry; manufacture of special purpose equipment used in ammonia production lines.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitated procedure of manufacture; improved temperature conditions of mixer and consequently increased service life. 1 dwg
NOVELTY - The digestive target object (1) is guided to a fermenter (2). The sulfide ion concentration in the digested sludge (3) in the fermenter, is reduced during anaerobic digesting decompose activity, to generate methane.    USE -   For promoting methane generation during organic waste such as foodstuffs waste material recycling.    ADVANTAGE -   Methane generation amount can be increased by increasing anaerobic digestive activity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows explanatory drawing of methane generation promotion method. (1) Digestive target object; (2) Fermenter; (3) Sludge.
NOVELTY - Method for methane fermentation involves processing organic substances with microorganism in treatment tank (A) to form acetic acid or formic acid. The obtained acid is supplied to another treatment tank (B) containing Thermophilus methanation microbe which converts the acid to methane under anaerobic condition at more than 50C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for methane fermentation apparatus, equipped to supply process liquid from treatment tank (A) to the treatment tank (B).    USE -   For producing methane fermentation which is utilized as energy.    ADVANTAGE -   The amount of sludge obtained as by-product during processing of the organic substance, is reduced sharply. The methane fermentation is carried out at controlled reaction conditions.
NOVELTY - The production of hydrogen involves treating phototrophic bacteria with fermented liquid (obtained by cultivating micro-alga in photosynthesis product) under light in anaerobic condition in culture tank (1) (transparent tower-type air lift incubation tank).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The production of hydrogen involves cultivating the phototrophic micro-alga under light in aerobic conditions to obtain a product. The micro-alga is again cultivated in the product in dark anaerobic condition to produce fermented liquid. Then phototrophic bacteria is treated with the fermented liquid under light in anaerobic condition in culture tank.    USE -   For the production of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   The process of producing hydrogen in the transparent tower-type air lift culture tank is efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the culture tank. (1) Culture tank; (2) Internal cylinder; (5) Ventilator; (8) Helical flow promoter.
NOVELTY - Novel carboxyl protease MB8, (I) hydrolyses casein and hemoglobin due to substrate specificity of (I). (I) is active at pH 1.5-5, optimum pH is 3-4 and 5-15% and 25-35% of maximum activity is maintained at pH 5 and pH2 respectively.    USE - (I) is used in fermentation processing of organic wastes, removal of protein stain and in production line cleaner of acid food by mixing to an acidic cleaner.    ADVANTAGE - (I) produced has high efficiency for protein decomposition in low pH origin. (I) produces ammonia during its manufacture and low pH environment of a compost is improved and raised.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (I) is active at 10-70 degrees Centigrade and optimal temperature is 50-60 degrees Centigrade. 15-25% and 25-35% and 50-60% of activity is maintained at optimal temperatures of 70 degrees Centigrade, 30 degrees Centigrade and 40 degrees Centigrade respectively. (I) is stable at 40-50 degrees Centigrade at pH4.7 for 10 minutes. Molecular weight is 61,000 +/- 1,000 and (I) is not inhibited by pepstatin.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of (I) by cultivation in a medium and collection from the culture.
NOVELTY - Purifying (I) water or soil contaminated with tetrachloroethylene involves inoculating a microorganism into the water or soil under anaerobic conditions for conversion (Ia) of tetrachloroethylene to trichlororethylene.    USE - For purifying water or soil containing tetrachloroethylene (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - There is no production of toxic by-products and the time taken for conversion is short. Water or soil contaminated with tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene can be purified simultaneously. Environmental pollution is greatly reduced.
NOVELTY - Electric power (E) from generator (11) is used to drive a crusher (1) for crushing refuse (A) to predetermined dimension. A selector (2) selects non-flammable refuse which is mixed with binder in mixer (3) and compression molded in molding machine (4). The solid fuel (B) is dried with heat energy of waste gas (F) ejected from the generator.    USE - For obtaining solid fuel from refuse in home, office.    ADVANTAGE - Since wet solid fuel is dried using heat energy of waste gas ejected in electricity generation, energy consumption is reduced sharply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of solid fuel manufacturing facility.    Crusher (1)    Selector (2)    Mixer (3)    Molding machine (4)    Refuse (A)    Solid fuel (B)    Waste gas (F)    Electric power (E)
NOVELTY - The method involves stirring together the organic waste and aggregated form of fuel inside an airtight container. Organic waste is carbonized by the fuel and is converted to powdered carbide as its collides with the fuel.    USE - For processing waste materials like timber, paper and metallic waste materials from motor vehicle, electrical appliances.    ADVANTAGE - Effective usage of waste is established as powdered or solid carbide which can be used as fuel is obtained. Requires no classification of waste materials.
NOVELTY - The refuse matter is dried by hot air. Subsequently, the flammables separated from the refuse matter are solidified by compression molding process. The gas products liberated by the refuse are purified using a dust collector (20). Then, thermolysis deodorization is carried out to promote dioxin decomposition. In order to avoid resynthesis of dioxin, the waste gas is quenched with water before ejection.    USE - In treating general and industrial wastes.    ADVANTAGE - Environmental hazards are mitigated by avoiding resynthesis of dioxin and suppressing dioxin present in dry waste gas. Waste can be beneficially recycled to quench the waste gas, thereby drain system is not required.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic arrangement of refuse solidification fuel plant.    Dust collector (20)
NOVELTY - The thermolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 330-580degreesC. Thermolysis residue is supplied to water tank and metal chlorine compound generated during thermolysis is dissolved in water. The solid content is removed from water tank to obtain solid fuel.    USE - For manufacturing refuse derived fuel from waste material.    ADVANTAGE - Volatilization of metal chlorine compound can be suppressed. Amount of incineration and amount of incineration residues can be reduced remarkably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The chlorine component containing thermolysis gas generated during thermoanalysis process is cooled by spraying water at normal temperature. Then oil and water are separated by normal temperature condensation, to obtain acidic water containing oil component and hydrochloric acid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of solid fuel manufacturing installation.
NOVELTY - Waste liquid containing ethanolamine is aerobic decomposed using activated sludge. During the process, oxygen is supplied and pH is maintained to 6.5-8.0.    USE - For processing of waste liquid containing ethanolamine produced during manufacture of shadow mask e.g. color Braun tubes by photo etching method.    ADVANTAGE - Aerobic decomposition of waste liquid containing even high concentration of ethanolamine is carried out easily in short time. Apparatus is small thereby installation cost and disposal cost are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the apparatus for processing waste liquid containing ethanolamine. Reactor (1) to store waste liquid and activated sludge, pH regulator (11) to set the pH of the waste liquid to 6.5-8 are provided. Aerator (17) to supply oxygen to the waste liquid is installed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of processing waste liquid containing ethanolamine.    Reactor (1)    Temperature controller (8)    pH regulator (11)    Aerator (17)    Nutrition agent supplier (18)
NOVELTY - The bin comprises at least one wall element (12) that defines a compost bin body that has a first edge delineating a top area and a second edge delineating a base area. The base area is larger that the top area, giving the bin a pyramidal or frustoconical shape, and the compost bin body is arranged so that the line of action of the center of gravity of the bin passes through the base area.    USE - Primarily for use in domestic gardens.    ADVANTAGE - The shape of the bin makes it inherently stable, with the center of gravity passing through the base area, so that the bin is unlikely to be toppled over by overloading or high winds. The addition of further compostable material acts to increase the stability of the bin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A number of wall areas (14,16,18,20) are provided which are connected together at their respective side edges (13,15,17,19,21) to form a compost bin body, with the walls being formed from a single wall element that is bent to form the body.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A plan view of one embodiment of the compost bin prior to being folded into shape.    Wall element (12)    Side edges (13,15,17,19,21)    Wall areas (14,16,18,20)
NOVELTY - A waste treatment system for the conversion of organic sludge into worm castings comprising: (i) a housing, having floor, walls and roof, that is adapted to contain a fibrous worm bedding material to sustain worms; (ii) applicator means for applying sludge continually from the settlement tank to the worm bedding material which is removable to effect harvesting of the castings.    USE - Used to treat waste organic material, for example industrial or household organic waste and sewage sludge. The waste is treated using biological means and in particular to the use of a controlled environment and vermicomposting for the treatment of waste materials.    ADVANTAGE - The waste material and sludge can be processed without first pre-treating the sludge to thicken it. The method and apparatus can be easily automated, reducing the need for regular manual intervention. The treatment system achieves all three stages of sludge treatment (thickening, digestion and stabilization) in one step. Sludge therefore can be wholly treated on-site automatically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is made for a method of converting organic sludge material to worm castings comprising:    (a) providing a worm bedding material within a housing;    (b) housing worms within the worm bedding material;    (c) applying organic sludge material directly from the settlement tank to the bedding material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a front elevation of the apparatus for the treatment of sludge according to one EMBODIMENT of the invention.    sprinkler head (61)    air condition unit (41)    insulated housing (100)    supporting floor (102)    roof (103)    floor system (104)    hanging doors (105)    control panel (106)    gable ends (107)
NOVELTY - A petrol station or truck loading and unloading depot has an oil droplet capture system consisting of a large shallow concrete, plastic or metal vessel installed at ground level. The vessel has an internal honeycomb grid, the cavities of which are packed with especially wood mulch, bark mulch or peat. Oil droplets captured in the vessel are broken down by a colony of bacteria residing in the mulch. The vessel has a siphon drain and is re-packed with fresh mulch at suitable intervals.    USE - Oil capture pan for positioning below trucks, cars, railway locomotives, and at vehicle washing stations. The oil is broken down and rendered harmless.    ADVANTAGE - The disposal costs of waste oil are drastically reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows two side views of a suitable capture vessel.
NOVELTY - The comprehensive treatment system includes storage disinfection equipment, lifting machine, magnetic separator, coarse crusher, sieving equipment, incinerator equipment and correspondent material-bearing conveying equipment.    USE -   For treatment of municipal house refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The system not only can effectively recover waste steel and iron, waste paper and waste plastics from refuse, utilize the components richly containing humus to produce composite fertilizer, but also can greatly reduce the volume and weight of the material to be filled and buried, and can prevent environmental pollution.
NOVELTY - Flow paths for reactant gas and coolant liquid are provided in conductive end plate units (28,30). The inlets and outlets of flow paths are defined by headers (12) that are made of non-conductive material and define internal ports communicating with the flow paths of reactant gas and coolant liquid.    USE - For stacking fuel cells in power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Stacking efficiency of fuel cell is improved remarkably, since the end plate units are effectively connected to inlet and exit manifolds of fuel and fluid coolant. Productivity is improved by usage of non-conductive polymeric material for headers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one header has one or more coolant outlet port for connection with supply of fluid coolant. One or more reactant inner port is provided in at least one header for communication with reactant source. The end plate units are fabricated from lightweight conductive material and headers are made of polymeric material with fiber reinforced filler added for improved strength and for lower coefficient of thermal expansion. Removable fasteners are provided to secure the headers to anode plate assemblies. The end plate units are rectangular and have notched end portions to receive the headers. The cathode plate assemblies have end portions aligned with one other in the stack. The headers project beyond the aligned end portions for communication between the headers. The reactant gas used is hydrogen and coolant is water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view of stacking assembly for fuel cells.    Header (12)    Conductive end plate units (28,30)
NOVELTY - Pressure swing adsorption process involves passing feed gas mixture at super atmospheric pressure through adsorption zone (AZ), depressurizing AZ to produce adsorbable gas-enriched gas stream (AGDS), purging adsorbent in AZ twice with AGDS to produce purge effluents and finally depressurizing AZ.    USE - Used for separating adsorbable gas e.g. carbon monoxide from a gaseous mixture.    ADVANTAGE - The process includes two adsorption steps, several purge steps and two adsorbent regeneration steps which enables separation of adsorbable gas in high yield and high purity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Pressure swing adsorption process for separating adsorbable gas from feed gas mixture comprises, (a) passing feed gas mixture at super atmospheric pressure concurrently through adsorption zone(s) (AZ), containing adsorbent which selectively adsorbs gas from feed gas mixture and produces an adsorbable gas-depleted gas stream (AGDS), (b) depressurizing AZ to produce an adsorbable gas-enriched gas stream (AGES), (c) purging adsorbent in AZ with AGES to produce a purge effluent (A), (d) repeating step (c) to produce purge effluent (B) and (e) repeating step (b).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic the schematic representation of adsorption cycle steps.
NOVELTY - The fuel gas passage side of interconnector (5b) is maintained in reducing atmosphere and air flow side is maintained in oxidizing atmosphere. A gas passage groove (6b) of interconnector is joined with surface of fuel electrode (1b) or air pole of electricity generator (4b) to form a cell (7b).    USE - For manufacturing solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains excellent electricity generation characteristics and provides long term dependability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows disassembling isometric view of interconnector heat treatment.    Electrode (1b)    Electricity generator (4b)    Interconnector (5b)    Gas passage groove (6b)    Cell (7b)
NOVELTY - Modifying agent for biodegradable material consists of epoxidised polyisoprene.    USE - The biodegradable material composition is used for the manufactureof cushioning packaging materials, wall paper, heat-insulating materials, floor materials, and carriers for bacteria for treating waste water.    ADVANTAGE - The biodegradable material composition has improved moldability, elongation, and brittleness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Independent claims are also included for: (1) biodegradable material composition obtained by mixing biodegradable materials and epoxidised polyisoprene; (2) biodegradable material composition obtained by mixing biodegradable materials, epoxidised polyisoprene, and crosslinking agents; and (3) epoxidised cis polyisoprene composition containing crosslinking agents.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse process machine for treating consumer and industrial refuse comprising a mutually connected heater and thermostat arranged in a warm water circulation space formed between a process chamber and peripheral tank, is new.    USE - The new process machine is useful for processing consumer and industrial refuse using microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The microorganism activity is promoted since warm water is circulated. The surrounding environment is not harmed and processing is reliable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A Sprocket (7) of the rotary shaft (4), is coupled via a chain (9) to the sprocket of the motor (8). Inlet and outlet openings (14,15) in the peripheral tank (1), are used for supplying water to the space formed between the process chamber (2) and tank and for ejecting out water respectively. The heater (10) and thermostat (11) which are mutually connected, are provided in the space formed between the tank and process chamber. A bypass pipe is provided between the two warm water circulation pipes (12) arranged to outside of the tank. The operation panel (25) is used to control the motor, heater, thermostat and line pump (13) arranged outside the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of refuse processing machine.    Tank (1)    Process chamber (2)    Shaft (4)    Sprocket (7)    Motor (8)    Chain (9)    Heater (10)    Thermostat (11)    Pipe (12)    Line pump (13)    Inlet opening (14)    Outlet (15)    Operation panel (25)
NOVELTY - A rotary paddle has vanes (3,13) fixed to revolving shaft (2) performing right and reverse motions alternately and repeatedly. A specific vane has predetermined shape, such that it extends along the diagonal direction towards the internal surface of decomposition tank, from an orthogonal line at bilateral symmetry.    USE - For decomposition of microorganisms in plastic products, paper products.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents partial damage or bending of vanes, even when their rotation is switched arbitrarily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - One of vanes of rotary paddle, configured near the internal circumference of the decomposition tank, is centered around the line orthogonally crossing the central line of revolving shaft.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial perspective view of refuse decomposition device.    Revolving shaft (2)    Vanes (3,13)
NOVELTY - The method involves screening the waste into a series of fractions of different sizes and removing non-combustible material therefrom. The screened waste is then shredded to a predetermined size and formed into bales for the purpose of storage, with the baled waste being shredded to a second, smaller predetermined size to produce a homogenous mix of combustible waste.    USE - For treating municipal waste to produce a useful fuel (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method enables the waste to be stored for longer periods of time, e.g. longer than 5 days, than is otherwise possible without the formation of leechate and without the emission of odors while not having to dry and pelletize or briquette the waste. By removing non-combustible material from the waste before it is shredded, the amount of non-combustible material which might get incinerated is reduced, resulting in lower ash and chlorine production and higher burning efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The first predetermined size is 250 mm or less and the second predetermined size is less than 25 mm.
NOVELTY - A compost heap with water drainage system, is supplied with air by a movable pipe installation. The pipe system consists of a series of pipes (1) each linked to the next by a cement or plastic bush.(2). Each pipe (1) has a number of air discharge tubes (5) and jets (6) extending upwards (1).    USE - The system may be used as the air supply for a composts heap.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement facilitates the use of existing pipes and fittings which are inert to aggressive leaching water, and is suitable for retro-fit to existing compost installations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A compost heap with water drainage system, is supplied with air by a movable pipe installation. The pipe system consists of a series of pipes (1) each linked to the next by a cement or plastic bush.(2). Each pipe (1) has a number of air discharge tubes (5) and jets (6) extending upwards (1). The height and number of the tubes (5) may be varied according to the pipe installation depth of the individual system within the compost. The size of the jets (6 may be varied in accordance with the rate at which the air enters the compost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section of aeration pipe with bush and air tubes.
NOVELTY - In a process to use slaughterhouse residues, the cattle brains and marrowbone are finely shredded and pulverized to 200 m and are used for the generation of methane. The body tissues are mechanically shredded and powdered in raw form, and are then mixed with water to produce a paste. One kilo of dry powder produces 500 cubic meters of gas, of which 65 to 72 per cent is methane.    USE - Process to convert especially bovine neural tissue into methane.    ADVANTAGE - The process minimizes the problems associated with BSE precautions.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell plant has a fuel cell (10) which is provided with an air feed line (12) for passing air to the fuel cell, and an exhaust line (13) by which a gas is output from the fuel cell. There is a compressor (11) which is located in the air feed line to compress the air passed to the fuel cell. An electric motor (16) drives the compressor. An expansion machine (15) is located in the exhaust line so as to be coaxial with the electric motor, and this expands the exhaust gas into the neighborhood of an ambient pressure.    USE - For storage of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The drive force of the motor is not used to drive the expansion machine until the pressure in the exhaust line has reached a specified value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - There is a clutch (20) that is located between the electric motor and the expansion machine, to connect/separate the expansion machine to/from the motor. There is a control device (21,22) to control the clutch. It detects a pressure in the exhaust line between the fuel cell and the expansion machine in order to separate the clutch as long as a detected pressure is lower that a certain value and to engage it when the detected pressure is higher than the certain value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic representation of the fuel cell plant.    Fuel cell (10)    Air feed line (12)    Exhaust (13)    Clutch (20)    Control device (21,22)
NOVELTY - The vertical converter for generating combustible gas such as CO, H2and methane by burning high-quality coal, gas coal, poor coal, coal gangue, rice husk and saw dust is composed of an electric coal feeder, an enclosed burner, a water jacket, a circular or square or rectangular furnace body, a hopper on the top of the furnace body, an igniting port, a maintenance gate, a rolling grate with teeth, an electric cinder discharging machine, a water-sealed blower and a screw-type ash-discharging structure.    USE -   For generating combustible gas such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen or methane.    ADVANTAGE -   Saves energy, no environmental pollution and high thermal efficiency increased by more than 100% as compared with burning raw coal.
NOVELTY - The municipal house refuse treatment method involves: zoning municipal refuse and stacking it in storage pool, stirring, natural fermentation for 4-6 days; spraying fermented diffusate into furnace to make high-temperature pyrolysis; and decomposing the harmful gas escaped by fermentation into odourless gas; incinerating the fermented refuse in refuse incinerator, separating solid furnace slag by magnetic method to remove iron, then sieving for application; and utilizing the high temperature flue gas produced by refuse incineration to heat the water being in the furnace to produce saturated steam or superheated steam which can be supplied for steam turbo-unit to generate power or heating for external system.    USE -   For generating heat and power from waste household refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not pollute the environment, can produce heat energy and possesses good treatment effect.
NOVELTY - The preparation of organic compost based on Agaricus Blasei Murril, comprises mixing grass 2-10, bagasse 40-75, horse manure 10-35, soya bran 0.5-3, urea 0.5-2, ammonium sulphate 0.5-3, potassium chloride 0.3-3, superphosphate 0.5-3 and calcium carbonate 0.5-3 per cent respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate forms in 15-25 days, as also does the pasteurising in the chamber receiving forced air at 45-90 degrees C. The mushroom seeds (0.5-3 per cent by weight of the substrate) are cultivated 15-40 days in a colonising chamber.    USE -   In agriculture.
NOVELTY - A tractor-operated apparatus (7) for turning and/or mixing a flat bed compost comprises vertical mixers having an even number of mechanical mixing worms (1, 2).    USE - For repeated turning and/or mixing of shallow flat bed compost, e.g. multi-hectare outdoors-flat bed compost.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus does not require any clear passage for its working, thus the field area can be exploited as thoroughly as possible. As the work is interrupted, the composting mass will not be left with an empty furrow which, e.g. in case of rains, may become drenched and turn into unmanageable mud. The relationship within the input of the apparatus and the mass manageable per unit time is more favorable than the presently available equipment. In cold conditions, the apparatus aerates and mixes the mass to be treated and supplies air within the mass.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A tractor-operated apparatus for turning and/or mixing a flat bed compost comprises vertical mixers which travels within and mixes the composting mass. The mixer travels on top of the mass without external support and/or guide structures. It has an even number of mixing worms rotating around a vertical shaft in directions opposite to each other in such a way that half of the worms rotate clockwise and the other half counter clockwise. The worms bring compost mass from the bottom upwards.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a view of an apparatus for turning and/or mixing a flat bed compost.    Apparatus (7)    Mixing worms (1, 2)    Hollow shaft (5)    Replaceable durable element (6)
NOVELTY - A flow channel is made in the first flow plate. Fluid is supplied to the flow channel through an opening conducted through the first plate. Adjacent second plate provides surface for the flow path between manifold and an opening. A formation made on the first plate impedes the flow of fluid onto the plate face through the manifold. The formation acts as a structural support for the fuel cell assembly and as a membrane gasket. A second flow path may be provided for humidification of the reactant fluid and include a flow regulator or metering orifice.    USE - For chemical generation of electric energy.    ADVANTAGE - Membrane hydration and fluid metering are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows sectional side representation of low path.    Flow field plate (200)    Flow channel (204)    Second plate (510)    Membrane electrode assembly (310)    Manifold (854)
NOVELTY - A multi-component composition comprises: (a) a first component comprising a fluorinated compound; (b) a second component comprising a fluorinated aromatic compound; and (c) a third component comprising an alkane.    USE - The composition is useful for cleaning an oil or grease from a substrate (claimed) and as a solvent or delivery system for a fluorinated oil (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition can provide single phase systems which are effective solvents for highly fluorinated and partially fluorinated compounds as well as for a variety of other materials. It is low in cost and possesses a balance of characteristics with respect to volatility, low toxicity, non-ozone depleting properties and non-flammability.
NOVELTY - A closed cell polymer foam is produced by applying an external stress to the polymer-blowing agent solution at a temperature at which the polymer was conditioned with the blowing agent of up to glass transition temperature (Tg) of the neat polymer.    USE - The method is used for the production of closed cell polymer foam. It can also be used to design and produce anisotropic foams, enriching the application of man made foams.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can be used at low and high temperatures and allows for a better control of cell growth. It can be adapted in the existing foaming processes and produces foams which are difficult or impossible to produce by such processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of closed cell polymer foam comprises: (a) selecting a combination of polymer in a solid or melt state, and inert blowing agent in a gas or volatile liquid form; (b) exposing the combination to conditioning thermodynamic parameters to provide solution having solubility of up to a maximum saturation solubility of the blowing agent in the polymer; (c) slowly depressurizing to ambient pressure to prevent premature foam formation; (d) applying an external stress to the solution at a temperature at which the polymer is conditioned with the blowing agent of up to Tg of the neat polymer to form a foam; and (e) quenching the foam by rapid cooling to a lower temperature.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solid polymer having a heterogeneous morphology.
NOVELTY - A compost apparatus has a horizontal tubular body (10), a stirring blade (14) inside the tubular body, an insertion opening (15) for pouring natural organic waste (3) in one end of tubular body and exhaust outlet (16) of processed organic waste in other end of tubular body.    USE - For composting natural organic waste e.g. hen and cattle feces, or organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The compost apparatus is provided with sufficient efficiency and is easily processed at cheap cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of compost apparatus.    Natural organic waste (3)    Tubular body (10)    Stirring blade (14)    Insertion opening (15)    Exhaust outlet (16)
NOVELTY - Method for aerobic fermentation of organic waste (OW) comprising detecting water content in OW followed by replenishing water content, is new.    USE - For fermenting organic wastes (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The method has high efficiency, enables to obtain highly fermented favorable product and the apparatus has reduced size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The OW supplied is mixed and fermented in a complete mixing type fermenter. The lowering of water content to a minimum is previously detected in each step, by measuring the change in water content. The step which shows a low water content in the middle of fermentation process is replenished with water and the water content in the OW is maintained.
NOVELTY - Treatment of concentrated waste water involves performing denitrification and dephosphorization of mixed liquid and isolating it into sludge and supernatant liquid.    USE - For purification treatment of high concentration organic industrial waste water or sewage water.    ADVANTAGE - Organic substance, nitrogen and phosphorus are removed effectively and economically, without causing environmental pollution. Avoids inclusion of heavy metals and harmful contaminants in liquid, and also utilizes processed sludge as solid fertilizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Effluent of activation tank is solidified and mixed with sludge and filtrate of anaerobic fermentation tank. Mixed liquid is transferred to an aerator (60). Denitrification and dephosphorization are carried out and then supernatant liquid and sludge are isolated. Residual phosphorus and suspended solid are finally removed in precipitate tank. Initially, concentration and rate of flow of liquid ejected from solid-liquid separation tank is adjusted. Hydrolysis of hardly decomposable organic substance in liquid is performed and then activation of dephosphorus microorganism and aerobic bacteria is performed selectively.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for waste water treatment apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory flow diagram of waste water treatment.    Anaerobic fermentation tank (30)    Activation tank (40)    Aerator (60)    Precipitate tank (90)
NOVELTY - Apparatus has a stirring shaft (2) with an opening (8) at both the ends to intake air. A blower (6) is connected to the air outlet of fermentation unit to suck the air. Bearings (5) are provided without swivel joint along axial direction in stirring shaft. A filter is provided at the entrance of ceiling unit to prevent the blocking of material to be processed at outlet pipe.    USE - For processing organic refuses such as domestic refuses, industrial refuses.    ADVANTAGE - Since the blower is provided at the air outlet of the fermentation unit, the air inside the fermenter is passed easily to the deodorizer and so the structure is simplified. Since bearings are provided along axial direction in stirring shaft without swivel joint, the time and effort for cleaning during maintenance check are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fermentation apparatus.    Stirring shaft (2)    Bearings (5)    Blower (6)    Opening (8)
NOVELTY - Self-driving type stirring unit has several irregularly moving jag-like structures with protrusions along fixed direction, so that microorganisms adhere on the surface, to promote fermentation process. The jag-like structures are rotated by small amount of energy source such as solar energy.    USE - For fermentation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The provision of irregularly moving jag-like structures, reduces the fermentation processing time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - When the rotating direction of jag-like structures and the container is the same, the direction of jag-like structure is changed. Waste materials such as organic refuses in the container are subjected to recycled fermentation process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows self-driving type stirring unit.
NOVELTY - A processing chamber (1),containing a carrier and an organic substance which are stirred by an agitator, is new. A metal reinforcement (12) which contains air flow path, supports drive unit and agitator. Thermal insulation (11) is provided to the reinforcement.    USE - The processing chamber is useful for garbage processing (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The provision of thermal insulation to the reinforcement prevents a reduction in driving efficiency during winter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of garbage processing apparatus:    Processing chamber (1)    Insulation material (11)    Reinforcement (12)
NOVELTY - A modifier (17) decomposes butane gas into hydrogen and carbon monoxide when the gas is supplied to a fuel battery (11). A decomposer (16) on upper side of the modifier, decomposes butane gas into methane, and methane is passed to modifier for water vapor modification reaction process.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of carbon precipitate is prevented in the catalyst layer of a modifier. Electricity generating system has good durability and stable operation can be performed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the profile of fuel battery electricity generating system. (11) Fuel battery; (16) Decomposer; (17) Modifier.
NOVELTY - Waste nitric acid and organic substance generated during manufacture of photosensitive print are processed by biological denitrification.    USE - For manufacturing photosensitive print.    ADVANTAGE - Waste nitric acid and organic substance are processed efficiently. Industrial photosensitive print is manufactured effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing of waste nitric acid and organic substance.
NOVELTY - A modifier (3) that forms modifying gas consisting hydrogen, from methanol and water is provided in a fuel battery. The modifier consists of a modifying portion (33) and a carbon monoxide reduction portion (34). Air from a common compressor (83) is sent to the modifying portion and reduction portion through flow control valves (9a,9b).    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As common compressor and flow control valves are provided for air supply, cost and size of fuel battery are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows vehicle mounted solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Modifier (3)    Flow control valves (9a,9b)    Modifying portion (33)    Carbon monoxide reduction portion (34)    Compressor (83)
NOVELTY - Dry distillation carbonization of lees is performed at 250-800 C and obtained resultant is used as manure. The resultant is mixed with plant symbiosis microbes and intermingled with plant cultivation soil.    USE -   For recycling waste beer related foodstuffs e.g. lees for cultivation of plants e.g. soyabeans.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the waste materials are recycled and effectively used, cost for processing is unnecessary.
NOVELTY - Cut particles are pulverized and blended with a micro-organism embedded with a fermentation promoter such as organic waste. The mixture is stirred and is held at predetermined temperature for predetermined time to carry out a fermentation process. Then, the macromolecular material such as water free polyethylene are removed from the fermented mixture. The mixture is then converted into a compost.    USE - For disposable diaper waste, for server line in public health sanitation system. For use in agriculture or plant cultivation. For use in potted plants, desert areas, dry zones, rain starved areas for e.g. soil conditioner.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for an incineration process. Shortens fermentation time by dividing fermentation process into pre-fermentation process and natural fermentation process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The disposable diaper is cut into fine macromolecular materials such as water absorptive polymer and polyethylene.
NOVELTY - The stack comprises several individual fuel cell units (12) and separators (14,16) stacked alternately. A communication hole (38,40,42,44,46,48) is provided to deliver fluids like fuel gas, oxygen-containing gas and cooling medium to individual cell. An insert member (70) e,g, wedge are located in the communication holes for uniformly delivering fluids to the stack.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces pressure loss in the communication hole. Delivers uniform amount of fluid to each cell unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The communication holes are divided into supply (38,40,42) and discharge (44,46,48) sides. The wedges set the cross-section area of the holes so that a differential pressure between the supply and discharge sides is within a predetermined range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal view of the stack.    Fuel cell unit (12)    Supply side holes (38,40,42)    Discharge side holes (44,46,48)    Insert wedge (70)
NOVELTY - The preparation of fertiliser (I) from organic material, especially chicken droppings, is new and comprises conversion of the chicken droppings using a culture of micro-organisms in a continual process in which there is a steady in-feed of unconverted droppings.    USE - The method and device is useful for converting chicken droppings into fertiliser (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The preparation of fertiliser (I) from organic material, especially chicken droppings, is new and comprises conversion of the chicken droppings using a culture of micro-organisms in a continual process in which there is a steady in-feed of unconverted droppings. During the conversion process, the droppings are exposed to a continual supply of dry air at a given temperature. The gas is fed first to the droppings whose conversion has progressed the furthest and are cooling at about 45 degrees C, before passing towards the incoming unconverted droppings. The flow of gas is adjusted to optimize the formation of humus.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device (II) for preparing fertiliser from chicken droppings.
NOVELTY - A process for the disposal of wastes associated with the production of chicken eggs, the egg cartons, eggs, eggshells, egg white and yolk sticking to the shells are crushed to 200 m and pulped. The pulped residues are then used as raw material for the generation of biogas e.g. methane. The mixture contains 6% egg white by weight.    USE - Process to convert egg shells, eggs and egg cartons to methane disposed of by especially the catering and food processing industries.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides an alternative method for disposal other than especially for use as pig food.
NOVELTY - An enzyme composition (I), comprising 70 - 95 weight % of at least three different enzymes or an enzyme with at least three activities, 0.1 - 25 weight % surfactants and/or 0.1 - 10 weight % degradation promoters, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for improving the biodegradation or organic materials of plant, animal and microbial origin under anaerobic, aerobic and facultative conditions, especially for producing biogas by anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - When used for anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, (I) gives higher biogas yields than the enzyme(s) alone.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (93) generates energy by using the reaction product from a modified engine (92) which acts as an internal combustion engine for a modifier and power generation and has a piston and a number of reaction chambers. The internal temperature of the reaction chambers is raised to above the self igniting temperature of material in the atmosphere in the material reaction chambers.    USE - Fuel cell for vehicles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell (93) generates energy by using the reaction product from a modified engine (92) which acts as an internal combustion engine for a modifier and power generation and has a piston performing compression and a number of reaction chambers. The internal temperature of the reaction chambers is raised to above the self igniting temperature of material in the atmosphere in the material reaction chambers by using heat from a number of heat sources and unreacted fuel for heating the material supplied to the modified engine (92) in a fuel cell system. A partial oxidation reaction enables both mechanical power and hydrogen to be produced. The mechanical power produced controls the heat balance of the system so as to increase the modifying efficiency by being used for a steam modifying reaction as a heat absorbing reaction generating much hydrogen in the other reaction chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic representation of the fuel cell system.    Modified engine (92)    Fuel cell (93)
NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly having an ion-exchange membrane (12) interposed between a pair of electrodes to form a membrane/electrode assembly (10) (MEA), comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for allowing the flow of the reactants in countercurrent direction adjacent the respective diffusion layers. At least one of the channels employs forced convection of the stream through the diffusion layers (14, 16). The MEA interposed between the fuel and oxidant diffusion layers. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of maintaining membrane hydration in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell comprising introducing fuel and oxidant reactants into the fuel cell through their respective inlets, where at least one reactant is introduced in a dry, non-humidified state; communicating the reactants through respective channels; and exhausting the reactants through the outlets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a PEM fuel cell assembly of this invention.    Membrane/electrode assembly (10)    Ion-exchange membrane (12)    Diffusion layers (14, 16)    Fuel flow field plate (20)    Oxidant flow field plate (22)    Flow field channels (34, 36)
NOVELTY - A reactant flow system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack uses single-pass or multi-pass channels in each cell. Each flow channel section has one or two adjacent sections in which the flow of reactant is in the opposite direction, so that dry regions can receive moisture from wet regions and vice versa. Reactant inlets are adjacent to the respective reactant outlets of the adjacent channel. Restrictions such as baffles are used at the inlets of all flow channels in the stack to ensure uniform reactant flow.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The counter-current flow of reactants in adjacent flow channels ensures that optimum moisture levels are maintained in the reactant flows, especially the air in the cathode flow-field channels.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Each cell has an oxygen reduction cathode, a fuel oxidation anode and an interposed proton-exchange electrolyte membrane. Cathode and anode flow-fields separated by a separator layer are provided between each pair of adjacent cells, the stack being configured to prevent the electrolyte membrane from drying out.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a straight, multi channel, parallel, single-pass reactant flow system of the invention.    Fuel flow channels (11)    Air flow channels carrying air in the opposite direction (16)    Outlets (14)    Inlets (12)    Flow restrictors (15)
NOVELTY - A silane coupling agent as artificial polymer is added to a liquid and the resulting silane coupling agent aqueous solution is cooled. Ice slurry formed is then conveyed by a piping and a pump.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (i) apparatus for transporting ice slurry which contains a pump installed by the piping and cold heat providing unit to cool the liquid and form an ice slurry; (ii) method of transporting ice slurry wherein ice nucleating bacteria are added into silane coupling agent aqueous solution; (iii) preserving ice slurry.    USE -   For ice crystal formation.    ADVANTAGE -   The method of forming the ice slurry is economical and sharply suppresses recrystallization of ice. Ice slurry formation is remarkably promoted by adding ice nucleating bacteria.
NOVELTY - Sludge (13) generated by anaerobic fermentation of waste is input to membrane separation apparatus (5) whose temperature and pressure are higher than fermentation. Separated liquid via permeating film (15) is input into a MAP granulator (3), and mixed with MgCl3 solution (16). Filtrate is precipitated as phosphoric acid magnesium ammonium crystal using ammonium component and P, which is then recovered.    USE -   For recovering phosphorus from the digested sludge generated by the aerobic fermentation of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   As membrane separation apparatus is used stainless steel impurities are reduced and good quality phosphorus crystals can be obtained at high rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure represents the phosphorus recovery method as block diagram. (1) Anaerobic digester; (2) Membrane separation tank; (7) Heat Jacket; (8) Pressure relief valve; (12) Organic waste; (13) Digested sludge; (15) Film permeating liquid; (16) Magnesium chloride solution; (17) Ammonium phosphate crystals.
NOVELTY - Water processing equipment containing membrane separation apparatus for processing sewage.    USE - For processing sewage and water containing large amount of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - Deposition in the film surface of the separation membrane is prevented by preventing obstruction of an aeration apparatus. The frequency of washing the film is reduced. The film surface washing is carried out effectively, so that the life span of the film is prolonged.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The operating method of water processing equipment containing membrane separation apparatus involves activation of sludge by aeration and filtration of liquid mixed with activated sludge. The operating method of water processing equipment comprises aeration of water, flowing inside the biological treatment tank, sludge is activated by aeration, using aeration apparatus. The activated sludge mixed liquid in a tank is filtered with membrane separation apparatus by applying upward external pressure. During intermittent aeration the water is permeated through the permeating side of separation membrane than the aeration is stopped. Water is injected into the aeration apparatus by permeation and then returned to the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the operating of water processing equipment containing membrane separation apparatus.    Membrane separation apparatus (6)    Biological treatment tank (7)    Activated sludge mixed liquor (14)    Separation membrane (17)    Aeration apparatus (20)
NOVELTY - A decomposition promoter (1) comprising a microbial film of decomposing bacteria (11) and solid material (13), is new.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - The decomposition process prevents the generation of malodorous gas, by restraining the propagation of anaerobic microbes during the decomposition process. Since the ceramic material is spherical, it can be easily stirred with the refuse. The organic refuse is efficiently decomposed in a short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of processing the organic refuse, which involves stirring a organic refuse with decomposition promoter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the decomposition promoter.    Decomposition promoter (1)    Decomposing bacteria (11)    Solid material (13)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse processing apparatus consists of reaction vessel (1) which is connected with a intake line (11) and a exhaust gas line (12). A blower (3) and an oxygen concentration detector (D) (4) are mounted on the exhaust gas line. Based on the signal from the detector, the quantity of air flow of the blower is controlled by the air passage control apparatus (APC) (5).    USE - For processing organic refuses.    ADVANTAGE - Since the reaction vessel contains the detectors to detect the physical and chemical characteristics of the medium to be processed, these characteristics can be controlled optimally. Also the process is stable due to the above mentioned control characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of organic refuse processing apparatus.    Reaction vessel (1)    Blower (3)    Oxygen concentration detector (4)    Control apparatus (5)    Drive motor (6)    Stirrer (7)    Stirring torque detector (8)    Moisture content meter (9)    Intake line (11)    Exhaust gas line (12)
NOVELTY - The waste treatment unit comprises two waste water treatment tanks (6,7). The two tanks are combined as one unit and have respective precipitate separation units (9,12) along the end of the tanks.    USE -   For processing organic waste such as garbage from homes, offices.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste disposal system is quite cheap. The organic waste can be treated with minimum power consumption. Maintenance of the sewer line is made easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows organic waste disposal system. (6,7) Waste water treatment tanks; (9,12) Precipitate separation units.
NOVELTY - Inner end of exhaust tube (10) is passed through center of one side of drum and coupled to the perforated pipe (29) arranged horizontally at upper side of drum. Inclined board (12) is arranged covering the top of perforated pipe. Multiple curved stirring blades are provided to inner surface of drum. An inclined vane (13) protrudes from top of inclined board.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic refuse insertion opening (6) is formed in other side of drum. The exhaust gas generated due to mixing of organic refuse and microbial bed (21), is ejected out via perforated pipe, exhaust tube.    USE -   For garbage disposer.    ADVANTAGE -   The decomposition of organic refuse is promoted, since organic refuse and microbial bed are mixed. The load requirement is less since large rubbing of stirring blade does not occur during mixing process. The durability of blades is enhanced. The odor leakage is prevented, since exhaust gas is sucked out via perforated pipe, exhaust tube.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of garbage disposer. (6) Organic refuse insertion opening; (10) Exhaust tube; (12) Inclined board; (21) Microbial bed; (29) Perforated pipe.
NOVELTY - Several treatment tanks (10) are arranged in a vertical mold. Organic refuse is supplied from the upper part of the treatment tank. The treatment tank is divided by partition members (20-22) and air is made to flow inside the tank to perform fermentation.    USE -   For manufacturing compost from agricultural waste and organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus is compact and waste material is effectively fermented in a multilevel treatment tank. Compact fermentation is effectively performed. The obtained compost is of high quality and cut finely by a cutting unit. Handling of the compost is made easier. Proliferation of anaerobic microorganism is blocked. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of compost manufacturing apparatus. Parts list: (1) Compost manufacturing apparatus; (2) Outer cover; (3) Heat retention layer; (4) Partition; (5) Heat retention member; (10) Tank main body; (20-22) Partition members; (30,40) Tabular members; (35) Nails; (50) Center pipe; (60) Air supply and exhaust unit; (61) Fan; (62) Air processing unit.
NOVELTY - Processing agent is prepared from dried stalk of stevia which is extracted by adding lower alcohols containing 80% or more ethanol, fermented for 18 months in acetic acid and diluted to form a dilute fermentation liquid in which perfect crystals of plutonic rocks such as granite, silicon dioxide and quartz are suspended.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The processing agent is prepared from dried stalk of stevia containing 10-20% of water which is extracted by adding 0.5-2% of lower alcohols containing 80% or more ethanol or by adding water. It is fermented for 18 months in acetic acid to form a fermentation liquid which is diluted by adding water. Perfect crystals of plutonic rocks such as granite, silicon dioxide and 60% or more quartz is suspended at 5-15% weight ratio in the dilute fermentation liquid.    USE -   For processing incineration ashes of industrial wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing agent is easily and economically manufactured in large quantities. Soils contaminated by dioxines present in incineration ashes are made harmless by dispersing the processing agent to sludge. The incineration ashes which are made harmless by the toxic substance processing agent can be utilized in fields, orchard, reclaimed ground, etc.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus comprises fuel gas passage (5) with reformer (6) to generate hydrogen-rich reformate gas. The cathode side (4) has an oxidizing passage (7) formed with air pump (9) supplying the oxidizing air. The flow inlet (8) has pressure sensor (10) and temperature sensor (11) to detect air pressure supplied.    USE - For controlling the supply amount of oxidizing gas to a fuel cell obtaining electric power by electrochemical reaction. For e.g. electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The control apparatus is capable of enhancing the substantial power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and stabilizes the output of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of controlling a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram showing the fuel cell and control system.    Cathode side (4)    Fuel gas passage (5)    Reformer (6)    Oxidizing passage (7)    Flow inlet (8)    Air pump (9)    Pressure sensor (10)    Temperature sensor (11)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell apparatus has a condenser-type exhaust gas heat exchanger (6) producing condensed water for recycling to a reformer (4).    USE - As a fuel cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell apparatus employs a water circuit to reduce its water requirements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell apparatus has an upstream reformer (4) for producing hydrogen gas from a fuel gas and water, a fuel cell exhaust line (15) passing through a heat exchanger (6), a fuel cell air supply line (13) and a fuel cell electrical output line (10). The heat exchanger (6) is of condensation type with a condensate line leading to a water container (11), from which a water line (14) leads to the reformer (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a fuel cell apparatus according to the invention.    Fuel cell (1)    Reformer (4)    Heat exchanger (6)    Condensate line (8)    Electrical output line (10)    Water container (11)    Air line (13)    Water line (14)    Exhaust gas line (15)
NOVELTY - A process (I) for degrading fermentation residues rich in inorganic substances, is new and comprises fermenting the residues with fungi of the division Eumycota in an aqueous medium under aerobic conditions and recovering the inorganic substances and carbon dioxide.    USE - (I) is useful for recovering inorganic substances, including heavy metals and alkaline earth metal halides (claimed), in pure or concentrated form from residues remaining after fermentative processing of organic wastes, especially methane digester residues.    ADVANTAGE - (I) is environmentally acceptable, cost-effective and simple to carry out.
NOVELTY - Production of compost comprises comminuting egg cartons and egg shells and mixing the resulting pellet-like particles with compost and soil.    USE - For production of compost for use in horticulture and agriculture.    ADVANTAGE - The cartons provide fibrous material for water storage and the egg shells provide proteins, minerals (e.g. nitrogen, phosphate, potash, calcium and magnesium) and pH-increasing calcium carbonate.
The separation of propane from gasoline using two columns comprises introduction into the reflux tank of the first fractionation column, of a proportion of the base product of the second or a proportion of the feed gasoline of the first column. Alternatively, the material introduced can be gasoline at 25-35 bar and 35-45 degrees C.    USE -   In petroleum chemistry.
NOVELTY - A controller (20) calculates electric power (Pbco) of battery (40), when fuel battery (36) is operating on carbon monoxide oxidation point, based on difference between request output (Pi) of invertor and electric power (Pco) of fuel battery, to determine output voltage (Vbco) of battery (40) accordingly. The controller controls DC-DC converter (38) to adjust output voltage of battery periodically. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A controller (20) determines carbon monoxide oxidation point in operation area of catalyst of anode in fuel battery (36), as an operation point of fuel battery. The output electric power (Pco) of fuel battery at the operation point is computed from output electricity-output voltage characteristics corresponding to gas flow rate.    USE -   For fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces carbon monoxide poisoning efficiently by carrying out oxidation removal of adsorbed carbon monoxide forcibly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery system. (20) Controller; (36) Fuel battery; (38) DC-DC converter; (40) Battery.
NOVELTY - Method of processing sludge involves biotic activity process material (BAPM) which is produced by cultivating facultative anaerobe in porous sand. 100-300 gm of BAPM is dispersed in 1 square meter of sludge stay region followed by circulation of waste water and aeration.    USE -   For processing sludge using facultative anaerobe.    ADVANTAGE -   Decomposition process is efficient and it does not involve chemical agent. Compared with aerobic, facultative anaerobe increases the microbial density per unit weight of BAPM.
NOVELTY - Liquid manure fermentation tank system comprising oxygenated liquid manure broken down by bacteria. Following exhaustion of the oxygen the bacteria utilize nitrogen, reducing the levels of nitrates in the discharged irrigation water.    USE - The system is useful in the treatment liquid manure.    ADVANTAGE - The inclusion of a denitrification step in the system can significantly reduce the toxicity of the fermentation end products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid manure fermentation tank system comprises;    (a) a homogenization tank comprising the manure and the addition of a bacterial activator and a minor element;    (b) an aeration tank comprising the manure from (a) further treated by aeration from air jets at the bottom of the tank, resulting in a micronized organic material culture;    (c) a denitrification tank in which the bacteria utilize the nitrogen following exhaustion of the oxygen supply; and    (d) a clarifier tank comprising the treated manure where water is discharged from the tank via a pipe and any remaining organic matter is returned to the homogenization tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - 2 = homogenization tank    3 = liquid manure inflow pipe    4 = aeration inflow pipe    5 = aeration tank    6 = bottom wall of aeration tank    7 = air jets    8 = air passage tubes    9 = vacuum pump    10 = denitrification tank    13 = clarifier tank    14 = irrigation water discharge pipe    15 = organic matter recycling pipe
The present invention relates to a lighter hydrocarbons synthesis gas and its preparation method. It is made up by mixing 70-75% pentane and 25-30% propane or butane in cylinder directly. The pentane is filtered by means of filter, and fed into main material tank, the propane or butane is held in auxiliary material cylinder, both the main material and auxiliary material are fed into liquified petroleum gas cylinder respectively through gas valves, the interior of the cylinder is equipped with suction pipe, and the handwheel is turned, the synthetic gas can be risen through the suction pipe from the bottom of cylinder, and transferred into domestic stove and range.
NOVELTY - Novel apparatus (A1) for the support of a worm farm and adapted to contain a mass of soil or other material restricting escape of worm, includes a stand (I) adapted to support the mass of soil and collecting device (II) for collecting worm juice.    USE - Apparatus is useful for facilitating the support of worm farm and for collection of worm juice which is in turn useful as a fertilizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) apparatus (A2) for housing a worm farm and adapted to support the mass of soil and collecting device for collecting worm juice, includes (I) and (II); and    (2) collection of worm juice involves supporting a worm farm by using A1 or A2 and collecting worm juice using collecting device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of the stand.    Stand (1)    Base plate (2)    Legs (3)    Receptacle (4)    Triangular shaped web (5)    Tap (6)    Pipe (7)    Upstanding figure (8)    Downwardly depending flange (9)
NOVELTY - Clear cosmetic gel composition comprises an aqueous phase of water with at least one active ingredient, a coupling agent, an oil phase comprising a silicone-containing solvent with an isoparaffin solvent having about 100 - 340degreesC boiling range in about 1 - 75 wt.% of the oil phase and a silicone-containing surfactant.    USE - The compositions are useful as deodorant, antiperspirant, sunscreen, insect repellent or anti-fungal agent.    ADVANTAGE - The compositions have the same appearance i.e. clarity and viscosity as the prior but are produced at lower costs and higher indices or refraction. They are stable, optionally clear, cosmetically elegant and can be delivered from an applicator package. They are easily applied to the skin, have smooth, silky feel, cool sensation and are fast-drying and non-tacky. They are highly efficacious and possess excellent aesthetic qualities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for preparation of the clear cosmetic gel composition by mixing the aqueous phase, coupling agent, oil phase and the surfactant.
NOVELTY - A composting system for organic waste, is new and comprises a sub-bed guide system which is located either in the open air or in a hall and has a fixed flat bed (1) bearing the rotting material.    USE - The composting assembly is used to process organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - The composting system operates efficiently under extreme conditions of dust, dirt, heat and steam. It moves accurately over large areas and requires no clear passage between adjacent parallel compost heaps. The system is simple to install and operates to any required height within the given range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composting system for organic waste, is new and comprises a sub-bed guide system which is located either in the open air or in a hall and has a fixed flat bed (1) bearing the rotting material. The bed is located either in the open air or in a hall. The rotting matter is picked up from and then dropped back to the bed at intervals by a composting inverter (5) which is guided along the rotting heap. The guidance system consists of a track-guide system located under the bed with guide-wires (8) linked to an alternating current generator (10). The field radiated by the guide wires (8) is detected by an antenna (11) located within the composting inverter (5), and processed by a telemetry control device (12, 13) within the inverter (5). The rotting bed incorporates water drainage channels (9) and compressed air outlets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the compost turning unit moving over the composting bed and guide system.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell component has back to back bipolar plate/diffusers fabricated as one monolithic component, with coolant channels (32) formed as complete channels within the component. Components are stacked together (52,54) and fuel from a fuel channel (40) of one component (54) and oxidant from an oxidant channel (42) of the next component (52) flow toward each other and react at the catalyst/electrolyte arrangement (50) to produce electricity.    USE - For use in construction of fuel cell for producing electricity. Also for electric vehicle, auxiliary power for vehicles and back-up supply.    ADVANTAGE - Simple geometry results in less costly construction and lower ohmic losses    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Sectional view of stacked fuel cells    Coolant channels (32)    Fuel channel (40)    Oxidant channel (42)    Catalyst (50)    Components of fuel cell (52,54)
NOVELTY - First, inoculum is prepared by warming liquid waste to 60-70 C. Then, it is poured into methane tank filled with preheated to 60-70 C litter manure with moisture content 45-75% to the upper level of manure. Biogas produced in methane tank where anaerobic conditions are maintained is treated with water, and converted manure is used as fertilizer. Ammonia-saturated wash water is used for watering agricultural crops.    USE - Fertilizers production.    ADVANTAGE - Increased yield of biogas.
NOVELTY - Substrate based on agricultural and industrial organic wastes is subjected to vermi-composting on a new industrial line with earth-worms obtained by interbreeding of Red California hybrid with Russian earth-worm population Eisenia foetida at 16-24 C for 4-6 months.    USE - Fertilizers production.    ADVANTAGE - Improved agrochemical characteristics of soil, and increased fungicidal and growth-stimulation activity for plants.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Resultant biohumus is freed of worms and is advantageously left under natural conditions to be completely ripened. According to invention, immediately after separation of worms or after final ripening of biohumus, microorganisms exhibiting fungicidal activity are added, in particular, Bacterium subtilis stain IPM-215 in concentrations from to spores per 1 kg or culture of micophilic fungus Trichoderma viride Persex S.F.Cray No 16 in concentrations from to spores per 1 kg of biohumus.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery has anode (4), electrolyte film (5) and cathode with a flow path member (2,8), gasket (3,7) and separator (1,9) on both sides. The flow path members are in the form of a sheet on which the flow paths are formed in zigzag arrangement. The gas inlet and outlet of the flow path (2-3) are positioned such that they contact the through hole (1-1,9-1) of respective separator.    USE - For electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Thin fuel battery with flow path members having reduced thickness is obtained. The manufacturing process is inexpensive. Use of resin for impregnation is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the laminate of fuel battery.    Separators (1,9)    Through holes (1-1,9-1)    Flow path (2-3)    Flow path members (2,8)    Gaskets (3,7)    Anode (4)    Electrolyte film (5)
NOVELTY - The freezer consists of refrigerating cycle in which a compressor (1), a condenser, a diaphragm unit (4) and an evaporator are respectively connected circularly through a piping. The freezer uses coolant containing mixture of propane, isobutane or ethane, and halogen containing oil of low mutual solubility as refrigerating machine oil.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The amount of coolant used in the freezer is reduced by using refrigerating machine oil of low mutual solubility along with the coolant. The durability of freezer is increased by preventing the decomposition of refrigerating machine oil which has excellent seal property or lubricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure illustrates the refrigerating cycle. (1) Compressor; (4) Diaphragm unit; (6) Dryer.
NOVELTY - Composting organic waste using a linear velocity of air circulated in a fermenter with the organic substance maintained at 17 cm or more during the composting.    USE - For composting of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE - The organic substance is composted effectively.
NOVELTY - A decomposition promoter consisting of an acid-resistant microorganism, is new.    USE - The decomposition promoter is useful for decomposing organic refuse (claimed) ejected from restaurants, hotel, ceremonies (e.g. marriage) and food plant supplies.    ADVANTAGE - The decomposition is carried out efficiently without use of special units. The protein degradation by the acid-resistant microorganism maintains the pH near neutrality, unlike conventional practices when pH rose too much by supply of excessive alkali chemicals leading to reduction in activity of microorganisms.
NOVELTY - The inner surface of the bottom of a waste treatment tank (3) is provided with unevenness, whereas the upper portion of the tank is smooth. A rotary shaft (7) of a stirring unit (5) is positioned horizontally so that the stirring blades (8) protrude perpendicularly from the shaft. The peak (26) of the unevenness is parallel to the rotary shaft.    USE - For treatment of organic refuse and rubber gloves.    ADVANTAGE - As unevenness is provided to the inner surface of the tank bottom allowing waste material to be crushed more efficiently so that decomposition of microorganisms can be promoted. As the peak of unevenness is parallel to the rotary shaft, crushing becomes more efficient and time consumption is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a transverse cross-sectional view of a treatment tank.    Treatment tank (3)    Stirring unit (5)    Rotary shaft (7)    Stirring blades (8)    Peak (26)
NOVELTY - Densifying porous structures, such as fiber preforms, by chemical vapor infiltration is performed with vapor containing toluene as a precursor for carbon.    USE - Densification of carbon fiber preforms.    ADVANTAGE - Toluene gives rise to a rough laminar texture over a large area so that deposition rate can be high. The pyrolytic carbon texture is homogeneous throughout the thickness of the deposit.
NOVELTY - A gardening composting bin, is new and has an inner chamber (9), a surrounding wall (6) and a lid (10) covered aperture through which refuse is inserted. The wall (9) shoulder zone incorporates one or more secondary chambers (2) for soil and living plants. Each chamber (2) is connected to the bin chamber (9) by an air hole, and has suitable apertures to the bin outer shoulder through which the living plants project.    USE - Garden compost bin.    ADVANTAGE - Growing plants, especially flowers, conceal an otherwise unattractive bin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an isometric sketch of the bin:    Compost bin (1)    secondary chambers (2)    surrounding wall (6)    inner chamber (9)    lid (10)
NOVELTY - Inorganic or organic waste is treated by placing in a kiln (10) and heating to at least 1000 degrees F in a gas stream (53) comprising hydrogen containing at least 20 volume % of helium. The waste is converted to carbon.    USE - Disposal of inorganic and organic waste (claimed) such as leaves, paper, wood, tires, plastics etc.    ADVANTAGE - The process converts the waste to carbon thus producing a useful product and avoiding the need for disposal in land fills.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic of the kiln.    Kiln (10)    Preheater (16)    Intermediate section (20)    Primary heating section (18)    Cooler section (22)    Nitrogen gas supply (68)    Hydrogen and helium supplies (46)    Mixed gas supply (53)    Gas recirculation system (66)
NOVELTY - Reclaiming glycol based liquids used in gas dehydration, comprises placing a dual stream valve, with first and second outlets and a device for adjusting the relative flow through them, on the exhaust gas outlet of a thermal oxidizer (12). The first outlet is coupled to the exhaust and the second to a reboiler (18). Exhaust gas flows through the outlet of the thermal oxidizer, and is diverted through the second outlet to provide the heat necessary to operate the reboiler.    USE - For reclaiming glycol based liquids used in gas dehydration, e.g. of natural gas.    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient heat can be drawn from the thermal oxidizer to operate the reboiler.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for performing the above method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the method.    thermal oxidizer (12)    slide gate (13)    reboiler (18)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (402) includes an anode channel (408) with anode gas inlet (410) for receiving hydrogen gas and cathode channel (414) having cathode gas inlet and outlet (418). The cathode gas inlet (416) is coupled to oxygen gas delivery system (404) to receive oxygen gas and cathode gas outlet (418) which is coupled to recirculation unit for recirculating exhaust gas from cathode channel to cathode gas inlet.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Electric current is generated rapidly using the enriched oxygen delivered by oxygen delivery system to cathode channel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ion exchange between the anode and cathode channels is performed using electrolyte. A compressor in recirculation unit supplies cathode exhaust gas to cathode gas inlet under pressure. A separator removes the moisture from the exhaust gas. The oxygen gas outlet is coupled to cathode gas inlet to supply enriched oxygen to cathode channel. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrical current generating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell based electricity generating system.    Fuel cell (402)    Oxygen gas delivery system (404)    Anode channel (408)    Anode gas inlet (410)    Cathode channel (414)    Cathode gas inlet (416)    Cathode gas outlet (418)
NOVELTY - Production of soil improving biohumic fertilizer comprises aerobic biological compost treatment and humification of olive kernel optionally treated with agricultural rejects.    USE - The process is for the production of a soil-improving biohumic fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The process uses olive kernels, resulting from environmentally-friendly olive crushing methods which render olive kernels useless for producing seed oil.
NOVELTY - A treatment tank (1) includes several undulated horizontal tubes (2) of predetermined length into which pressurized air is blown from an insertion tube (4). Due to the pressurized air, the waste material is well mixed and fermentation is carried out. Each horizontal tube is made of inwardly and outwardly facing porous tubes for supplying and ejecting air, respectively.    USE - For recycling.    ADVANTAGE - Quantity of waste material and quality of the compost are improved much due to the provision of undulated horizontal tube. As lining is provided inside the horizontal tube, corrosion resistance is effected so that durability is increased. As pressurized air is supplied, activation of aerobic bacteria is improved and compost can be manufactured efficiently. As crest portions are formed, resistance property is effected. As liquid supply unit is provided, blockage inside the tube is prevented. As structure of apparatus is simple, installation cost is less and maintenance can be performed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lining is provided to the inner surface of the crest portion (6,8) of the horizontal tube and holes are provided to the lining for supplying air. Holes provided at flat portions eject air outside. The holes on the lining are connected to air supply unit, and a liquid supply path force feds liquid into the horizontal tube. A feeding unit supplies air for force feeding of material and a stirring unit stirs the compost in the treatment tank to promote fermentation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory view of treatment tank.    Treatment tank (1)    Horizontal tube (2)    Insertion tube (4)    Crest portions (6,8)
NOVELTY - An organic fertilizer contains microorganisms having ability to produce polyols.    USE -   As a fertilizer for cultivation of plants, especially vegetables (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The fertilizer has an excellent growth promoting property. The fertilizer is produced from industrial waste (of foodstuffs); and so does not have toxic effect on plants and humans, thereby enabling recycling of waste materials.
NOVELTY - Microorganism-organic substance compost manufacturing method involves adding rice bran and ammonium sulfate (a source of nitrogen) for proliferating the microorganism to the processed, paper raw material sludge and allowing to ferment for 3-4 weeks.    USE - For soil improvement, growth of trees or lawn grass, and for spraying a green plant or a wild flower (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Crop damage and hence replanting are avoided. The compost enables soil improvement (claimed). The sludge which is an industrial waste, and discarded after incineration is effectively processed by mixing rice bran and ammonium sulfate in a fixed ratio. Hence high value microorganism-organic substance compost is manufactured. Further the granulated compost with fine space has water retention and air permeability. No odor is generated during fermentation since it contains neither protein nor fat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ammonium sulfate which proliferates the microorganism, and rice bran are added to a paper raw material sludge covered with a sheet. It is allowed to ferment at 30-40 degreesC for 5-7 days. As the temperature increases to 70-72 degreesC, fermentation progresses and a milky-white malt is produced. Fermentation continues for 3-4 weeks until it returns to normal temperature. This shows the completion of fermentation and a 70 weight% microorganism-organic substance compost is finally obtained. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the compost having a pH 1-6 or 7 (preferably 6), effective concentration 7, and the amount of minute fertilizer is 15. After decomposition of sludge by the microorganism a solid 2mm-30mm is obtained which is then granulated.
An activated sludge produced by processing waste material using micro-organism, is mixed with activated carbon and water adjusted material. The mixture is fermented to form activated sludge fertilizer which is then, granulated.    USE -   Used as activated carbon (claimed) which is obtained by heating the activated sludge fertilizer under reduced condition.    ADVANTAGE -   The activated sludge can be effectively used as fertilizer.
The organic waste processing installation has a concentric tank containing deodorizing organic material bed arranged around the primary treatment tank. The deodorizing tank has ducts for sucking in foul smelling air produced in the installation and releasing deodorized air into atmosphere. A solid-liquid separator for separating livestock waste, a cylindrical treatment tank with a conical base handling separated liquid waste, a secondary fermenter and a concentric deodorizing tank arranged around treatment tank are connected serially via transfer pipes. 1m3 of liquid fertilizer is obtained by adding 20-30g of photosynthetic bacteria to process liquid and aerating for 50-75 hours.    USE -   The installation is used for processing organic wastes such as livestock waste, saw dust, chaff shredded rice straw and husks of rice, wheat, peanuts and pulses (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The foul smell generated within the processing installation is effectively deodorized by the deodorizing material placed in the tank and liquid fertilizer inexpensively obtained from organic waste.
NOVELTY - Manufacturing of manure from shellfish and other algaes involves separating the shellfish into shell and meat. The shell is powdered and mixed with the meat and fermented to form the manure.    USE -   For manufacturing manure from shellfish (such as blue mussel) and other algae adhering to cold water line of condenser in thermal and nuclear power stations.    ADVANTAGE -   This method of manufacturing manure from shellfish is inexpensive.
NOVELTY - Organic matter containing waste material is mixed with low water component supplement materials (6) and are allowed for fermentation. Supplement materials are separated from fermented mixture and are dried initially. Then the materials are recycled and mixed to organic matter containing waste material.    USE - For recycling.    ADVANTAGE - As supplementary materials are recovered and recycled, wastage of materials is eliminated, so that cost reduction is effected. The manufacturing process is done within short time so that operativity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The supplement materials have water component adjusting property and air permeable improving property. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the compost manufacturing apparatus which includes mixing unit (4) for mixing the supplementary materials with waste materials. A fermentation unit (7) ferments the mixture. A separator (8) separates the supplementary materials after fermentation. A drying unit (10) dries up the supplementary materials using solar heat.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of compost manufacturing apparatus.    Mixing unit (4)    Supplementary materials (6)    Fermentation unit (7)    Separator (8)    Drying unit (10)
NOVELTY - Raw fuel is supplied to desulfurization reaction portion (DRP) (3) by fuel supply device (1) to remove sulfur. Inert gas (2) is supplied to the DRP by inert gas supply device which is equipped with a switch. The supply of fuel to DRP is stopped, when DRP and modification reaction device (MRD) (4) are suspended. Hydrogen rich modified gas is formed from the desulfurized raw fuel in MRD.    USE -   For fuel batteries and electricity generation systems.    ADVANTAGE -   The improver suppresses deterioration and excessive usage of catalyst in DRP.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING) - The figure shows the improver. (1) Fuel supply device; (2) Inert gas supply device; (3) Desulfurization reaction portion; (4) Modification reaction device.
NOVELTY - A meandering flow path (21) receives waste water with scum from scum hydration inlet (18) provided in a main structure (11) of a treatment tank. Flow of scum mixed water in the meandering path makes scum to float up which is raked by a raking up unit (25) in a fixed direction. The raked scum is transferred to a scum decomposition tank (33) which decomposes scums using microorganism.    USE - For separation of scum from waste water for disposal.    ADVANTAGE - Keeps cost low due to simple structure of the device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separated water from the flow path is exhausted through a drain (50).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of the scum and water separation device.    Main structure (11)    Scum hydration inlet (18)    Meandering flow path (21)    Raking up unit (25)    Scum decomposition tank (33)
NOVELTY - Porous cylindrical foam material is mixed with resins made up of polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene vinyl chloride or fluorine to produce synthetic degradable resin material (1) for degradation of organic substances.    USE - For processing waste organic substances such as tree remains, coffee husks etc. released from houses, industries and in garbage disposal systems.    ADVANTAGE - Can be installed in kitchen sinks and also in large scale industries. Cost is considerably reduced as the resin used is cheap. Running cost is also reduced. Elimination or disposal of degraded material is also attained easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the synthetic degradable resin material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of the synthetic degradable resin material.    Synthetic degradable resin material (1)
NOVELTY - Organic refuse treatment tank has deodorizing mechanism which deodorizes exhaust gas by electric heater and catalyst.    USE - For organic refuse treatment.    ADVANTAGE - Apparatus size is reduced as unnecessary tubings are removed. Thermal efficiency of apparatus is improved as waste heat of exhaust gas is used to heat treatment tank. The decomposition of the organic refuse is obtained without microorganism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The treatment tank has deodorizing mechanism (40) having electric heater (20) and a catalyst (30). A flexible duct (44) supplies air to the treatment tank (11). While another duct (19) supplies exhaust gas to deodorizing mechanism and the hot gas is passed through the double bottom part (11d) of treatment tank which is ejected externally by a fan (60).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal block diagram of organic substance processing apparatus.    Treatment tank (11)    Bottom part (11d)    Another duct (19)    Electric hater (20)    Catalyst (30)    Flexible duct (44)    Fan (60)
NOVELTY - The unused hydrogen ejected from fuel battery stack (11) is occluded by hydrogen absorbing alloy tanks (14,15). The stored hydrogen is released and supplied to fuel battery stack, when required.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies hydrogen to fuel battery stack at the time of starting, thus starting time is shortened sharply. Runs modifies stably, even during fluctuation of load current. Utilizes hydrogen in modify gas effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery system.    Fuel battery stack (11)    Hydrogen absorbing alloy tanks (14,15)
NOVELTY - The modifier (3) has a combustion unit (2) which supplies heat to a gas generator (1). The generator produces hydrogen rich reformed gas using original fuel. The flow rate of original fuel supplied to the gas generator is fixed and depending on the output of the fuel battery (4) which generates electricity using gas from the modifier, the supply flow rate of fuel for combustion is controlled.    USE - For electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since a cheap ON-OFF valve is used, implementation cost is reduced. Since the fuel for combustion and original fuel for modifier are combined, the composition of electricity generation system is simplified. Since fuel flow rate is based on load fluctuation of battery, complicated control is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline diagram of the fuel battery type electricity generation system.    Generator (1)    Combustion unit (2)    Modifier (3)    Fuel battery (4)
NOVELTY - A gas introduction pipe (4) has its one end distribution in underwater in the container (1). A humidification gas extraction pipe (5) is incorporated in the upper portion of the container. A heater (6) is distributed to the periphery of the container, to actuate the gas molecules so as to get humidified gas.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Humidification of heating gas or oxidizing agent gas in a humidifier is performed with stability. The fuel battery has stability, due to high electricity generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of reaction gas humidifier.    Container (1)    Gas introduction pipe (4)    Humidification gas extraction pipe (5)    Heater (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel battery output changes in response to load fluctuation. A controller (5) controls the supply flow rate of fuel to modifier (3) depending on battery output so that unused waste gas ejection from battery (4) remains constant.    USE -   In fuel battery power generation system.    ADVANTAGE -   The control mechanism eliminates complicated control method, thereby fuel supply is controlled easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows fuel battery power generation system. (3) Modifier; (4) Battery; (5) Controller.
NOVELTY - The fuel improver has modifying chamber in which modification catalyst layer (38) is arranged. The fuel to be modified is burnt in the combustion chamber (46) which is in communication with modifying chamber (36). The combustion mechanism (44) is provided with an injector (48) through which atomized fuel is supplied into the interior of the modifying chamber.    USE - For modifying gas containing hydrocarbon into gas containing hydrogen for fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel for modification is supplied instantaneously into the modifying chamber even under heavy load conditions. The spraying nozzle atomizes fuel to combustor and fuel insufficiency is not observed as fuel is continuously supplied and vaporized. The fuel improver has simple construction and functions efficiently with good response to load fluctuations in the fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the modifier contained in the fuel improver.    Modifying chamber (36)    Catalyst layer (38)    Combustion mechanism (44)    Combustion chamber (46)    Injector (48)
NOVELTY - The fuel modifier has a chamber (36) with modification catalyst layers (38,40). The modifier has inner case and outer case (88) with space (90) inbetween for heat insulation. An air blower supplies air for oxidation reaction in a direction opposite to gas flow inside chamber through outer case, outer wall of inner case and the space.    USE - For fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - Heat retention of modification catalyst inside the chamber, is enabled by the heat insulation effect of the space inbetween the inner and outer cases. Heat consumption is reduced and the rigidity of the modifier is raised. So a light weight modifier is economically manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-section explanatory drawing of fuel modifier.    Chamber (36)    Modification catalyst layers (38,40)    Outer case (88)    Space (90)
NOVELTY - A fuel improver has modifying chamber (36) in which modification catalyst layers (38,40) are arranged for modifying hot gas containing hydrocarbon into gas containing hydrogen. Introduction holes (70) are provided for transferring gas into the modifying chamber and distributor (80,82) is arranged in the flow direction upper stream side of the heating gas.    USE - For modifying gas containing hydrocarbon into gas contain hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform passage of gas is enabled. The installation is compact and uniform load is given to all areas of the modification catalyst layers. Gas modification reaction is performed smoothly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional drawing of the modifier.    Modifying chamber (36)    Modification catalyst layers (38,40)    Feed hopper (60)    Flow path chamber (66)    Wall part (68)    Introductory hole (70)    Distributor (80,82)    Gas passage way formation means (86)
NOVELTY - A fuel modifier (26) has catalyst layers (38,40) placed in a chamber (36). A supply unit (42) supplies the fuel to be modified along with water vapor and oxygen to the chamber to perform oxidation and modification reaction simultaneously in the catalyst layer. The catalyst layer is like doughnut in which the surface direction is orthogonal to the gas flow direction.    USE - For improving fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Oxidation and modification reaction are performed simultaneously and the side of the apparatus is reduced. Modified gas containing hydrogen is obtained economically.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal direction extension of the modifier for the fuel improvement.    Fuel modifier (26)    Chamber (36)    Catalyst layers (38,40)    Supply unit (42)    Combustion mechanism (44,46)    Air nozzle (52)    Gas supply flow path (68)    Cover portion (86)
NOVELTY - A new composting container (1) has a discharge outlet (2) at the base, which may be opened and closed under remote operation by an overhead control rod (7) mechanism (8).    USE - The container is used for composting (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The container may be raised and moved by crane to any convenient position prior to the release of the composted contents.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side-view of the container, lifting frame and hoist:    container (1)    discharge outlet (2)    control rod (7)    control rod mechanism (8)    frame (3)    pick-up points (4)    overhead hoist (15)
NOVELTY - A process (I) for treating biological refuse, especially garden and kitchen refuse, is new and comprises mixing the refuse with water and chopping the mixture up or homogenizing it to a raw suspension. The suspension then undergoes an anaerobic process followed by an aerobic process.    USE - (I) is a composting process for biological waste (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Aeration of the fermented residues ensures that the residues do not represent a health hazard or a nuisance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process (I) for treating biological refuse, especially garden and kitchen refuse, is new and comprises mixing the refuse with water and chopping the mixture up or homogenizing it to a raw suspension. The suspension then undergoes an anaerobic process followed by an aerobic process. The suspension is placed in a reactor where it is subjected to anaerobic process or a combined anaerobic process and fermented. After discharge from the reactor of the fermented product, the suspension is especially accorded intensive aerobic treatment and mixing in a second reactor for a period of from two to seven days. The suspension is then de-watered, any separated residual solids then being subjected to further fermentation.
NOVELTY - A process for covering waste or compost heaps with a plastic film, comprises applying plastic to the surface in liquid form, which then hardens to form a film.    USE - The process is used to apply a plastic film, e.g. to waste or compost heaps.    ADVANTAGE - The cover is simple to produce.
NOVELTY - Processing of biogas and landfill gases to produce a methane-rich main product and a CO2-rich by-product, which comprises 60-95 vol. % CO2, is new.    USE - The CO2-rich by-product is useful for the following: (1) application as a conservation and blanketing atmosphere e.g. in museum displays, libraries, enclosed spaces, stores and silos; (2) preservation of foodstuffs and semi-finished and finished goods made from these; as protective atmosphere led into workrooms, stores and packaging for furniture, wood, fabrics, textiles, pelts, leather and semi-finished and finished goods made from these; (3) as a blanketing gas for reducing the risk of fire and burning of goods e.g. during and after hot air drying, after the drying of by-products from beet sugar production (optionally together with CO2-containing effluent gases from sugar production); (4) reducing the risk of dust explosions in storage areas and conveyor areas; (5) as carbon source and carbonate source e.g. in greenhouses and hydroponic units; (6) rapid setting of mortar and lime mortars; (7) as protective gas in spray drying, freeze drying and desiccator units; (8) as protective gas during the extraction of animal and plant products; (9) in the form of supercritical CO2 as extraction agent for extracting aroma substances or caffeine; and (10) for conditioning the atmosphere in slaughter houses to reduce animal stress and in animal farming where parts of the slaughtered animals are sold commercially.    ADVANTAGE - The new process widens the range of commercially viable products obtained from the anaerobic fermentation of waste materials from agricultural, domestic, industrial and plant sources.
NOVELTY - Gas measurement comprises observing light emitted from a measuring cell at three or more wavelengths and comparing the measurements to minimize measuring errors.    USE - Measurement of gases.    ADVANTAGE - The sensitivity of the signal conversion process is automatically adjusted during the setting of the null point. There is no influence on the signal conversion sensitivity arising from the substances observed during measurements. Automatic corrections are made for signal and electronic drift and soiling. The process maximizes signal resolution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The concentration of one or more gases in a mixture is measured by generating a signal using a quotient process. Light emitted from a measuring cell is observed at three or more wavelengths. A first measurement (optical measurement) is taken in the optical range within which the primary emissions are absorbed. A second measurement (comparative channel) is taken at a wavelength at which most of the gases in the mixture are subject to no negligible absorption. A third measurement is taken at a wavelength at which there is significant absorption in comparison with the reference wavelength. The difference is determined between the outputs in the comparison and measured channels, and between the output signals in the comparative and correction channels. The denominator in the quotient process includes a correction factor for the relative change in the comparative channel arising from interference components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of a system having three measuring channels.
NOVELTY - A reaction container coated by non-covalent attachment of native, synthetic or enzymatically produced nucleic acid (I) to the surface of the inner walls of the container, is new. This surface is not modified, chemically or biochemically.    USE - The coated vessels are used in test kits for quantitative determination of preselected (I) in biological samples (claimed), for research, diagnosis, pharmaceutical testing and food analysis.    ADVANTAGE - The test kits containing the coated vessels are simple to use (routinely in automated analyzers) and are storage stable for a long time (over 50 days at room temperature). The amount of (I) in each vessel is known exactly, allowing standardization of quantitative enzymatic amplification reactions. Binding of (I) is strong enough to permit transport through the post. Standard nucleic acids may be included in the vessel, eliminating the need for subsequent addition of possibly contaminated solutions and can be added in a non-aqueous solution, improving storage stability and reducing the risk of microbial contamination. Carrier nucleic acids can also be present to inhibit non-specific adsorption of the standards and to enhance enzymatic amplification.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of preparing the reaction vessel.
NOVELTY - A process for therapeutical immuno-modulation comprises cells able to split or adsorb active immuno-modulatory molecules, in a bio-reactor system, which is brought into contact with parts of the patients blood plasma. The potentially damaging immuno-modulating molecules are hyper-inflammatory or immuno-suppressive cytokines, which are adsorbed by the cells, using cell surface receptors. Alternatively, the cells may secrete immuno-modulating molecules.    USE - The process is used for immunomodulation    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device comprising a canula which is inserted into the patients blood vessel and which is connected via tubes to a bioreactor which houses the immuno-modulating cells, and filters, through which the patients' blood is lead and recycled back to the patient.
Domestic refuse is treated in one production line including refuse bag breaker, refuse washing tank, refuse roller and other special equipment to select out organic combustibles, exhaust settled inorganic matter, eliminate surplus water and produce universal lumpy fuel suitable for use in common coal-firing boiler and other blower furnaces. The present invention makes it possible to eliminate refuse pollution radically.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon isomerization comprises contacting raw material hydrocarbon containing 10-500 ppm sulfur compound based on sulfur amount by weight, and hydrogen to solid acid catalyst comprising a support including a component consisting of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia, and a sulfuric acid component on the support.    USE - Used in the manufacture of high octane gasoline base materials and chemical raw materials. Isomerization of n-butane gives isobutane used as raw material of methyl-tert. butyl ether and alkylate gasoline, and isomerization of light naphtha gives gasoline base material.    ADVANTAGE - Desulfurization does not need to be carried out to a large extent before the isomerization process. Isomerization is carried out highly efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solid acid catalyst used for above isomerization.
NOVELTY - A fuel processing system (2) for injecting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power plant reformer, includes a fuel atomizer (4) having a small injection tube (6, 8) into which the liquid fuel is introduced along with steam.    USE - For injecting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power plant reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The invention limits or eliminates carbon deposition from the vaporization of liquid fuel as it passes into the vaporizer before entering the reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel processing system comprises:    (a) a fuel vaporizing chamber (10);    (b) a fuel atomizer for directing a mixture of atomized fuel droplets and steam toward the chamber;    (c) a line (12) for injecting a super heated vaporizing stream into the system; and    (d) a fuel reformer (18) located downstream of the vaporizing chamber for receiving vaporized fuel.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for processing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a liquid fuel autothermal reformer.    Fuel processing system (2)    Fuel atomizer (4)    Fuel injection tube (6)    Steam injection tube (8)    Tube (9)    Fuel vaporizing chamber (10)    Line (12)    Reformer (18)
NOVELTY - Treatment of contaminated water containing volatile organic compounds (VOC) by biodegradation employing an immobilized soil bioreactor having a headspace recirculation system, is new.    USE - The apparatus and the process are useful for removing VOCs, especially trichlroethylene and benzene and related compounds from contaminated water, especially groundwater.    ADVANTAGE - The process enables degradation of compounds which are otherwise difficult to biodegrade.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An apparatus for removing organic contaminants from water comprises:    (1) an immobilized soil bioreactor (ISBR) including a reaction chamber with top and bottom portions; and    (2) aeration and non-aeration sides segregated by a supported soil matrix including microorganism culture adapted for the biodegradation of organic compounds and extending from the bottom to the top portion.    The supported soil matrix allows a circulation of fluid around the matrix from the aeration to the non-aeration side; and a headspace re-circulation system operatively connected to the ISBR for circulating fluid around the soil matrix and including means for pumping gas phase in the top portion to the bottom portion on the aeration side of the ISBR. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the biodegradation of organic compounds in an ISBR as above comprising:    (1) introducing contaminated water stream into the ISBR; and    (2) circulating the stream within the ISBR through aeration of the aeration side.
NOVELTY - Biocomplex has greenhouse with basin communicated with poultry house. Each isolated section of biocomplex has specific microclimate. Biological humus for feeding plants and live feed for fish and waterfowls are produced in cultivator from worms, plant remains and compost. Such construction allows various feeds of plant and animal origin to be produced in different regions regardless of ecology without usage of chemical substances. Employment of greenhouse, basin and poultry house in single complex allows at least one plant crop yield and animal product with increased biological weight to be obtained during one year.    USE - Agriculture, in particular, plant, fish and poultry growing complex.    ADVANTAGE - Wider operational capabilities, increased yield and enhanced reliability in operation.
NOVELTY - Ozone-safety working mixture has the following components, mole%: 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 5-90; lower alkane, 5-20, and octafluoropropane (R218); the balance. Binary mixtures of n-butane and iso-butane or n-pentane and iso-pentane or individual substances - propane, butane or pentane are used as a lower alkane source.    USE - Cooling mixtures.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced quality of mixture.
NOVELTY - The processing apparatus comprises a primary processing apparatus, 9 tertiary treatment apparatus in which precipitation of toxic substance, evaporation of water, cracking of flammable component, cleaning and deodorizing of the waste takes place. An electric heater is provided for heating.    USE - For treating waste material such as general waste, city refuse, industrial waste, shredder dust containing vinyl chloride and halogens such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, astatine (especially chlorine).    ADVANTAGE - The volume of the waste is reduced. Chloride in the waste is rendered harmless unlike the heat processes such as burnout, when deadly poisons like dioxines are formed during treatment of chlorine. Removal of sulfur gas from the waste reduces the environmental pollution. Use of both electric and heat gas reduces the gross energy cost as it provides rapid intense heating with good temperature control.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The primary processing apparatus performs the storage and has a process agent. Toxic substance is precipitated to harmless salts on mixing with alkali in 2nd tertiary treatment apparatus. Water is evaporated on heating by heater. Processed object is incinerated at high temperature in 4th tertiary treatment apparatus and its volume is reduced by melting in the 5th tertiary treatment apparatus. The flammable components are removed and cracked by heating in the 6th tertiary treatment apparatus and cooled. The 7th tertiary treatment apparatus performs the cleaning at high temperature, the 8th tertiary treatment apparatus removes the odor component from the gas and the 9th tertiary treatment apparatus deodorizes the gas before ejection into the atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the waste material processing apparatus.
NOVELTY - Metal dicarboxylate complexes comprising at least a divalent metal ion selected from Cu, Cr, Mo, Rh, Pd and W and at least a specific aromatic dicarboxylic acid selected from formulae (I) - (IX) are new.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The specific aromatic dicarboxylic acid is selected from formula (I) - (IX).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for a gas occlusion agent and a gas storage apparatus.    USE -   The gas occlusion agent also is used in an adsorption type gas storage tank and a LNG storage apparatus. The gas storage apparatus is used in cars.    ADVANTAGE -   The gas occlusion agent has a high methane adsorption amount per volume and can store gas at the normal temperature under a pressurized state. The metal complexes are prepared economically.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen feed stock is passed to the support containing geometrically spherical compound especially fullerene and/or its polymer and hydrogenation catalyst to form reduced compound with an aid of optical energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) manufacture of methane in which support containing a fullerene molecule and hydrogenation catalyst reduces carbon multiple compound to form methane when passing hydrogen feed in presence of optical energy. (ii) for hydrogenation catalyst which contain fullerene molecule and/or its polymer in a support.    USE -   For manufacture of methane (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The hydrogen feed stock and the carbon multiple bond compound are activated by the catalytic action of the hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation process is performed economically and effectively.
NOVELTY - A square-shaped fermenter having parallel paths which accommodate organic refuse in the shape of a ridge. A conveyor (13) is provided along one side-wall of the fermenter, and a tripper conveyor (50) which drops raw material along the full length of the first path, is provided on the other side wall of the fermenter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A frame (17) provided at the ends of the feed path supports a transverse feed jettison gear. A reciprocating self driving truck is provided on which a rotatable stirring machine is mounted, which rakes raw material from the ridge on the path when the truck is moved forward. The raw material dropped from the stirring machine is received by a pipe and carried by a slot conveyor. A band conveyor advances and drops the raw material on the path.    USE -   For fermentation of organic waste such as livestock waste material, agricultural waste, fishery waste, organic refuse, sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   Installation space for organic refuse is not required as compost is accommodated in the shape of a ridge in paths of the fermenter. Fermentation is efficiently carried out in short time. Whole apparatus is automated and hence the worker need not handle the raw material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view and elevation of fermentation apparatus.    (13) Conveyor; (17) Frame; (50) Tripper conveyor.
NOVELTY - The compost apparatus has a fermenter (12) into which sludge is introduced for biological treatment through a hopper (14). A heater (32) is provided at the bottom of the fermenter to promote composting by heat. The fermenter is accommodated in an outer cylinder (34) such that heat retention space (35) is formed between it and outer cylinder.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for sewage and agricultural waste water treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   Operation rate of heater is restrained by forming heat retention space. Processing cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of internal structure of sludge compost apparatus. (10) Compost apparatus; (12) Fermenter; (14) Hopper; (16) Dewatered sludge; (32) Heater; (34) Outer cylinder; (35) Heat retention space.
NOVELTY - The hydrolase contained in the chemical feeding tank (4) is sent into decomposition tank (3). The compressed air from air compressor (9) is supplied to degradation tank so that hydrolase, water and organic refuse are stirred in tank to perform decomposition process of organic refuse.    USE -   For disposing garbage from sink exhaust ports in domestic kitchen of restaurant.    ADVANTAGE -   The quantity and weight of organic refuse after hydrolysis process in reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of garbage disposer. (3) Decomposition tank; (4) Chemical feeding tank; (9) Air compressor.
NOVELTY - The processing apparatus consists of a treatment tank (11) which is enclosed inside a case (10). A fan (60) is provided to the treatment tank for ejecting out exhaust gases. A filter (18) which can be removed from outer side of case is placed in emission path of treatment tank.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Filter can be removed from outer side of case, simplifying handling, and scraper is slidably, dust adhering to filter is removed automatically. The shutter acts as a obstacle during closed state, preventing accidental removal of filter. More effective decomposition is enabled with micro-organisms. Filter detection unit prevents draft resistance and improves filter efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Processing apparatus having a treatment tank (11) provided with a fan (60) for ejecting out exhaust gases. The organic substance may be decomposed in the tank by micro-organisms, or can be dried in tank. A scrapper (18e) is slidably provided to the tank for removing the deposited particles in the filter. A detection unit is provided to detect the open-closed state of a shutter (13c). If the shutter is opened, the control unit stops movement of fan, and if the shutter is closed, the shutter itself acts as a obstacle for preventing removal of the filter. A filter detector, detects whether the filter is installed or not during closing state of the shutter. The filter can be installed slidably and it is covered by a dome-shaped frame.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of organic substance processing apparatus.    Case (10)    Tank (11)    Shutter (13C)    Filter (18)    Scrapper (18e)    Fan (60)
NOVELTY - The strain belonging to Amycolatopsis genus has polylactic resin resolution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the method of decomposing polylactic resin by the microbial cell or microbial cell culture solution of the strain belonging to Amycolatopsis genus.    USE -   For decomposition of polylactic resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Biodegradable plastics can be decomposed efficiently without the evolution of waste gas using the microorganism. Polylactic resin is converted into useful substance and compost.
NOVELTY - A soil cover material consists of hydrophobic substance. The hydrophobic substance is obtained by adding water to vegetable fiber materials and cereal fiber materials. Moderate caking is formed by limiting solids to 35% by weight in the compound of solids and thermolysis liquid.    USE - In agriculture and for green house.    ADVANTAGE - Thermolysis liquid is hydrophobic substance performs weed control opposing to fruit trees. The covering material is ecofriendly and non-pollutant.
NOVELTY - An open-site refuse site is sealed by a gas-tight covering dome, and then progressively discharges especially methane through a vertical gas-release pipe to a release window filter which is a cylindrical or rectangular unit which surrounds the concentric pipe outlet.    USE - Refuse tip gas release window. The gas release window is of light weight, minimizing the risk of damage to the covering dome by dispensing with heavy prior art concrete components.    ADVANTAGE - The gas window prevents the escape of gases directly through the supra-dome humus to the atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - When full, an open-site refuse site is sealed by a gas-tight covering dome, and then progressively discharges especially methane through a vertical gas-release pipe to a release window filter. The filter is a cylindrical or rectangular unit which surrounds the concentric pipe outlet. The filter has a cover plate at the top and bottom.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view through the de-gassing window.    gas release pipe (1)    release window filter (3)    filter (4)    gas tight covering dome (18)    cover plate at top and bottom (41,42)
NOVELTY - Commencing at a sidewall- (3) or basal- (4) opening, a tubular lance (6) penetrates the interior. The lance has vent holes (8).    USE - An aerated container for composting or containing humus.    ADVANTAGE - The aeration is beneficial for both composting, or for growing plants. The lance(s) reach the core of the material contained, for efficient aeration introduction. Rotting and plant growth are accelerated    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The container and lances are cross-sectioned.    sidewall (3)    base (4)    tubular lance (6)    vent holes (8)
NOVELTY - An industrial converter of biological sludge into humus comprises a processor of paper and pulp works waste. The waste serves as nutrient to worms, which produce the humus.    USE -   In biodegradable waste utilisation.    ADVANTAGE -   Product quality is increased.
NOVELTY - Composting based on rice oil and lecithin organic residues comprises composting and humus production through inoculation with Californian earthworm. The forced aeration product is rice gum, and contains nutrients proteins and vitamins.    USE -   In agriculture.    ADVANTAGE -   The low-cost process is also space-saving.
NOVELTY - Composting technique based on tobacco organic residues comprises forced aeration of compost, with consequent total absence of invasive organisms. The residues are not dug into the ground or spread on it, but undergo biological treatment.    USE -   In agriculture. The low-cost process disposes of the agro-toxins from tobacco growing.
NOVELTY - The removal of carbonyl sulfide from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stream comprises contacting LPG containing carbonyl sulfide as an impurity with calixarene complexing agent, and recovering the carbonyl sulfide-free liquid petroleum gas stream.    USE - To remove carbonyl sulfide from LPG.    ADVANTAGE - The calixarene can selectively react with carbonyl sulfide to form a stable complex which can be isolated and removed from the gas stream. The retrieved complexing agent may be reused in subsequent carbonyl sulfide removal treatments.
NOVELTY - A high heat conductive metallic material and insulating material are provided for part or entire surface of the substrate to make the temperature of the substrate uniform. A temperature compensation element (C) and gas detection element (D) are respectively fixed through the pins (P1-P4) configured by penetrating a substrate.    USE -   For hot liquid supply device that uses town gas, LP gas, kerosene as fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces zero point output fluctuation of gas sensor, thereby reducing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows perspective diagram of contact combustion type gas sensor. (C) Temperature compensation element; (D) Gas detection element; (P1-P4) Pins.
NOVELTY - Ultrasonic transceiver are provided in a gas flow path to measure propagation time of ultrasonic wave through the gas. The acoustic velocity of gas is measured from the measured propagation time. Based on the measured acoustic velocity, specific gravity is found.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gas physical property measurement apparatus.    USE -   In town gas manufacturing plant e.g. for liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Physical property of various gas is measured in real time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows gas manufacturing plant equipped with measuring apparatus.
NOVELTY - The treatment of biological wastes from livestock rearing units, is new and comprises treating the wastes on-site, and in a separate vessel, with a bacterial product. The liquid and solid phases are then separated and the solid phase is composted.    USE - The method is useful for the treatment of bedding, slurry and urine from livestock rearing units. 4900 m3 of waste from 250 sows can be treated per year, in three cycles of 121 days.    ADVANTAGE - Solid and liquid phases are separated so each can be treated to make useful products for spreading on the land.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the installation:    Livestock rearing units (3)    Composting unit (4)    Initial bacterial treatment (10)    Waste mixing (11)    Further bacterial treatment (20 and 21)    Separation (30)    Solid phase (31)    Liquid phase (32)    Composting (40)    Compost floor (41)    Liquid settling (50)    Sludge return to compost (51)
NOVELTY - Coke processing involves heat polymerizing waste plastic and heavy oil to obtain caking support agent. The caking support agent is then added to a coke oven.    USE - For processing coke.    ADVANTAGE - Waste plastic and heavy oil are polymerized to form caking support agent and mixed with raw coal. Hence strength of processed coke is improved. Generation of odor is suppressed. Caking support agent can be added sufficiently and hence coke is processed efficiently. Heating of waste plastic is performed at a temperature more than 200degreesC hence crushing of waste plastic is not required.
NOVELTY - Wood chip and konjac sprinkling powder are mixed in a weight ratio of 20:1 in water. Water component in the wood chip is set to 50-60%. Fermentation is initiated and turning-over is performed during deposition period. Composting of the organic waste is performed to obtain a compost.    USE -   The process is useful for manufacture of compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Manufacture of the compost is environmentally safe. Use value of the konjac sprinkling powder is enhanced.
NOVELTY - Waste plastic film supply apparatus includes a cylindrical compression rod (2), translated at bottom end of hopper (1). The compression rod has chamfer (7) at the hopper contacting end (1a) so that film is not blocked between hopper and rod.    USE -   For granular transportation of waste plastic film in blast furnace, recycling apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Waste film is compressed smoothly in a compact cylinder without need of large driving power, by the chamfered rod which prevents blockage of film between hopper and rod.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of compression supply apparatus. (1) Hopper; (1a) Hopper contacting end; (2) Cylindrical compression rod; (7) Chamfer.
NOVELTY - The apparatus which is cylindrical in shape has a horizontally movable cylinder rod (2a) for compressing film type waste plastic mixture. Another movable cylinder rod (3a) for ejecting the compressed plastic is provided to the apparatus.    USE - For recycling plastic for use in blast furnaces.    ADVANTAGE - By carrying out compression of waste plastic using slidable cylindrical rod, bulk density of film is increased reliably to 5-10 times than that of the conventional. Generation of twists in film is eliminated. Since compression strength of I/P is controllable, compression rate can be adjusted. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of bulk reduction apparatus. (2a,3a) Cylinder rods.
NOVELTY - Plastic wastes are crushed and foreign materials such as metal are removed. The wastes are then compressed in a compression apparatus (6) to increase the bulk density of waste. Then granulation of wastes is done by heating and the processed wastes is stored in a silo (9).    USE - USE For recycling plastic wastes for use as solid fuel for blast furnace.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Granulation efficiency is improved remarkably since the bulk density of waste is increased sharply by compressing the plastic wastes. Twisting of plastic film wastes by melting is prevented reliably. Handling, conveyance and storage of plastic wastes are simple. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the granulation installation. (6) Compression apparatus; (9) Silo.
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of an inlet (4) for organic waste, a fermenter (1) which ferments the supplied organic waste and an outlet (8) for the fermented waste. A refuse display input part (21) displays the quantity of organic waste which can be supplied. The quality of the supplied waste is determined by pushing a switch provided in predetermined displays.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for making compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Quality of compost is enhanced. The floor of the fermenter is prevented from water and oil. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of organic waste fermentation apparatus. (1) Fermenter; (4) Inlet; (8) Outlet; (21) Refuse display input part; (28) Carrier supply unit.
NOVELTY - Organic waste is supplied to a gas chamber (20) to form synthetic gas containing hydrogen chloride, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The gas is mixed with liquid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The liquid is given a blow down to maintain sodium chloride level at 0.1-1% and sent to reverse osmosis membrane(50) to obtain fresh water. The concentrated salt solution is electrolyzed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic waste containing vinyl chloride group resin is supplied to gas chamber to vaporize and form synthetic gas containing hydrogen chloride, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The gas is passed to a liquid and to a scrubber (30) to neutralize hydrogen chloride in a gas by adding sodium hydroxide. To maintain the concentration of sodium chloride in the liquid to 0.1-1%, the water is partially subjected to blow down and sent to reverse osmosis membrane . The membrane separates the sodium chloride salt and the obtained fresh water is passed again to the scrubber. The concentrated salt water is subjected to electrolysis by ion exchange process or diaphragm process.    USE -   For organic waste containing vinyl chloride resin.    ADVANTAGE -   The formation of dioxine during organic waste treatment is not generated. The recycling of the synthetic gas can be performed. The emission of hazardous gas during electrolysis process is reduced, thus preventing the environmental pollution. The formation of hydrogen gas as a by-product is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of recycling method of organic waste containing vinyl chloride resin. (20) Gas chamber; (30) Scrubber; (50) Reverse osmosis membrane.
NOVELTY - The refuse drying method involves introducing a portion of exhaust gas (10) containing carbon monoxide concentration to an analyzer (11). The carbon monoxide concentration is measured and is compared with the reference value of the organochlorine concentration included in gas for controlled drying process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The exhaust gas is generated from the product (2) when it is dried with heat medium (5) in a drying apparatus (1b).    USE -   In drying refuse such as incinerated residue of foodstuffs and foodstuff raw material for the manufacture of refuse solid fuel or compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the exhaust gas containing carbon monoxide concentration is introduced to analyzer for measuring carbon monoxide concentration and comparing with the reference limits, harmful organochlorine existence is detected easily and continuously at a cheaper rate. Since the exhaust gas containing harmful organochlorine is detected before exit, the organochlorine content exit is suppressed as much as possible, leading to useful effect.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the outline chart of the drying apparatus exhibiting the drying method. (1b) Drying apparatus; (2) Dried product; (5) Heat medium; (10) Exhaust gas; (11) Analyzer.
NOVELTY - A refrigeration machine comprising an outside unit with a housing case for housing a compressor, a heat exchanger, a blower etc. and an inside unit with a housing case for housing a compressor, a heat exchanger, a blower etc. so as form a refrigeration circuit, wherein coloration materials for developing color when contacted with leaked refrigerant are coated, adhered or placed on or in the outside and the inside housing cases.    USE -   The refrigeration machine is suitable for a household refrigerator, air conditioner etc. using hydrocarbon such as ammonia, propane, butane as refrigerant and fluorocarbon refrigerant. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an example of coated color developing compositions for a housing case of an outside unit. (1A)Outside Unit; (1)Compressor; (2)Heat Exchanger; (3)Blower; (9)Coated Layer of Composition for Developing Color When Contacted With Leaked Refrigerant.
NOVELTY - Variation sensor (3) measures volume change based on the moisture content of raw material (2) consisting of material same as material composition of microorganism carrier such as wood chip. Estimation unit (4) estimates moisture content of microorganism carrier based on output of the sensor when raw material is set in an environment similar to environment of microorganism carrier in a processing chamber.    USE -   For determining moisture content in process chamber of organic waste e.g. kitchen waste processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to estimate the moisture content o the microorganism carrier in a short time with less power consumption. Prevents reduction of the organic substance processing efficiency by automatically regulating the moisture content of the microorganism carrier. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of the moisture sensor. (2) Raw material; (3) Variation sensor; (4) Estimation unit.
NOVELTY - A bag-like receiving tank (8) is detachedly fitted at the bottom discharge opening (7) of raw garbage processing tank (1). A hard flat board (12) is provided at both ends of receiving tank so as to unfold and extend the receiving tank when it is full.    USE -   In raw garbage processor.    ADVANTAGE -   As the receiving tank is in a bag-like form, when the raw garbage is filled, it is extended down and receiving tank unfolds and receives more material. As the hard flat board supports the receiving tanks, it prevents deformation of receiving tank, when raw garbage is filled. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional view of raw garbage processor with bag-like receiving tank. (1) Raw garbage processing tank; (7) Bottom discharge opening; (8) Bag-like receiving tank; (12) Hard flat board.
NOVELTY - The compost and organic wastes are mixed and filled in a fermentation bag (1). Compost and industrial wastes are filled in upper part of the bag provided with an outlet (2) for air permeability. A hanging string (3) is attached around the outlet at upper part of the bag. An inverted hanging string (5) is provided to a bottom (4) of the bag for hanging in the inverted position.    USE -   In fermenting dirt, excrement, organic industrial waste, sewages, processed public excrement, processed industrial waste, organic animal waste mixed with compost for transporting in bag for vegetating soil.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases disposing speed as hanging string is attached to bottom of bag. Saves labor cost as time required for opening string and inverting is reduced. Protects environment as heavy metal from wastes are not accumulated. Increases moisture retaining property, air permeability by fermenting with waste wood. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows isometric view of the bag. (1) Bag; (2) Outlet; (3) Hanging string; (4) Bottom; (5) Inverted hanging string.
NOVELTY - A thermistor (7) detects temperature of exit warm water (55) from heater tank (5). When measured temperature is upper limit temperature of temperature control range set beforehand, a controller (27) stops hot water supply. Water temperature is reduced to outer atmospheric temperature, to lower limit control range and time taken for it is measured to control restart of hot water supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - When the water temperature reaches freezing prevention temperature, hot water is supplied for set time period. The hot water activates microorganism and decomposes organic substance in the waste.    USE -   For controlling temperature of hot water supplied for activating microorganism to process organic refuse in refuse processing installation.    ADVANTAGE -   Water temperature and freezing counter measure can be performed simultaneously using single circuit, hence cost reduction is achieved. The wall of tank is formed of heat conducting material by which sufficient thermal efficiency is secured and running cost is reduced. The interval between hot liquid supply and stoppage is long so that durability of heat source is improved. Processing chamber is heated uniformly, as air gap in tank is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional back elevation of processing chamber. (5) Heater tank; (7) Thermistor; (27) Controller; (55) Exit warm water.
NOVELTY - An organic refuse storage container (3) is made of an air permeable material. Lower portion of container is split into two sections, which are made to move vertically relative to each other, causing the refuse to be stirred. An intake device (I), which is connected to a decomposing material storage container (2), draws air from the storage container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A controller controls the stirring apparatus of the organic refuse storage container, based on the temperature sensed by a temperature measuring device.    USE -   For treatment plant used for processing organic waste generated by food processing industry, poultry farming, pig farming etc., by using microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE -   The untreated odor that leaks from the organic refuse storage container is deodorized, when it contacts the decomposing material containing microorganism, thereby preventing the spread of bad smell. The controller controls the stirring apparatus based on temperature within the refuse container, thereby suppressing the smell during fermentation and preventing excess generation of heat. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional views of an organic refuse processing apparatus. (2) Decomposing material storage container; (3) Organic refuse storage container; (I) Intake device.
NOVELTY - An air permeable odor barrier, comprising a bio-filter (1) with a circumference enlarged by decreasing the spacing between the filter top and bottom plates (2, 3), is new.    USE - The device is used for eliminating foul odors from dead vegetable matter, dead animals and microorganisms in biological material transport, storage and processing systems such as waste water piping systems, animal carcass disposal units, covered garbage dumps and composting units.    ADVANTAGE - The barrier allows air passage while considerably reducing emission of odors and pollutants and its circumference can be enlarged to provide a tight seal e.g. in a shaft.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An air permeable odor barrier comprises air permeable top and bottom plates (2, 3) cooperating with a flexible peripheral element (4) to form a filter (1) containing a biologically active substance (5) activated by a biological agent, the circumference of the filter being enlarged by decreasing the distance between the plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the barrier of the invention fitted in a waste water gully.    Bio-filter (1)    Top plate (2)    Bottom plate (3)    Peripheral element (4)    Biologically active substance (5)
NOVELTY - A housing (22) contains two horizontal drums rotated by a hand crank or motor. The outer drum (46) has a hinged flap (68) covering a waste inlet hole (64) aligned with a chute (40), a mesh covered outlet (70) for draining liquid into a tray (42) and a vent (75). On reaching a minimum volume in the outer drum, waste enters the inner drum (54) through one open end wall and discharges through an outlet (80) in the second end wall into a compost finishing drawer (44).    USE - For composting kitchen waste comprising vegetable matter inside the home.    ADVANTAGE - The outer and inner drum configuration provides two stage decomposition, where heavier waste which requires a longer residence time travels slowly through the composter relative to lighter waste which generally requires a shorter residence time. The drums and finishing drawer configuration maximizes the composter capacity while occupying a minimum of space in the kitchen environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawings shows a schematic sectional view and a perspective view of the composter.    Housing (22)    Chute (40)    Liquid tray (42)    Compost finishing drawer (44)    Outer drum (46)    Inner drum (54)    Waste inlet hole (64)    Hinged flap (68)    Mesh covered outlet (70)    Vent (75)    Inner drum waste outlet. (80)
NOVELTY - Invention relates to pyrolytic processes used in forestry engineering to dispose wood waste and in agriculture to dispose, in particular, straw, corn, husks, millet, rice, cotton, etc. Invention aims at most completely isolating and utilizing compounds contained in biomass, producing activated carbon, and possibly using biomass as environmentally allowable pure fuel. For that, in a method of thermally processing biomass including loading material into converter and pyrolysis of material followed by separating pyrolysis products and discharging solid residue, pyrolysis is carried out at 650-950 C under atmosphere of reducing gas prepared with air-uptake coefficient alpha = 0.4-0.85. In order to produce activated carbon, overheated steam at temperature above 500 C is fed into pyrolyzed biomass at steam to material weight ratio (0.01-0.05):1. Reducing gas is fed into biomass pyrolysis process at its ratio to material (0.3- 0.5): 1.    USE - Pyrolytic processes.    ADVANTAGE - Improved process efficiencyand environmental condition. 3 cl, 1 dwg
NOVELTY - Mixture of alkali powder and refuse are heated, so that generated chlorine gas reacts with alkali powder, to form a harmless salt. The heated mixture is then pressed, to form pellets (7).    USE -   For solidification processing of city refuse generated from home, office.    ADVANTAGE -   The generation of chlorine gas is suppressed since it reacts with alkali powder to form harmless salt. The formation of dioxines is therefore suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows block diagram of processing system. (7) Pellets.
NOVELTY - Waste and process agent are heated in a processing reactor (10) so that harmless residue and waste gas are generated by decomposition reaction. The volume reduction is done by further heating the obtained residue inside heating furnace.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The waste gas generated by decomposition reaction process and volume reduction process, is burnt using gas burner (41). The volume reduced residue is also burnt along with the waste gas.    USE -   For treating city refuse, industrial waste, shredder dust.    ADVANTAGE -   The residue is effectively used as fuel since it is burnt by burner. The waste gas is also effectively purified. The inflammable constituents are effectively removed since natural gas is used as fuel of gas burner. The residue is harmless since chlorine gas and dioxines are removed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of processing system. (10) Processing reactor; (41) Gas burner.
NOVELTY - The waste gas generated by decomposition reaction process and volume reduction process, is supplied through pipes (40a,40b), to the gas burner (41) and then burnt.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Waste and process agent are heated in a processing reactor (10) so that harmless residue and waste gas are generated by decomposition reaction. The volume reduction is done by further heating the obtained residue inside heating furnace.    USE -   For treating city refuse, industrial waste, shredder dust.    ADVANTAGE -   The waste gas becomes harmless since it is burnt by gas burner. The tar and dioxines are effectively removed since natural gas is used as fuel of gas burner. The residue is also harmless since dioxines are removed by heating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of waste treatment system. (10) Processing reactor; (40a,40b) Pipes; (41) Gas burner.
NOVELTY - The coolant is comprised of 5-10 weight percent (wt.%) of ammonia and 95-90 wt.% of propane.    USE -   For refrigerator, air conditioner.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficiency of refrigerating cycle is improved remarkably by the inclusion of ammonia and propane of specified quantities. Avoids the need for changing the machine design. Leakage of gas is prevented reliably, even when the leakage of small amount of ammonia is detected by the worker from the odor. Danger of firing is prevented reliably although combustion is carried out.
NOVELTY - A plastic waste containing chlorine is supplied to a thermolysis container and heated at 250-350C. The hydrogen chloride and gases formed during the process are separated and dechlorinated residue is obtained. Subsequently, dechlorinated residue is combusted.    USE -   For processing the plastic waste containing chlorine.    ADVANTAGE -   The plastic waste is efficiently processed and the residue with less chlorine is obtained. Thus corrosion due to chlorine gas to the apparatus is avoided. A combustion residue without chlorine can be used as resources containing metals and inorganic compounds. From the obtained residue, useful hydrocarbon such as kerosene, light oil and gasoline can be recovered. The useful gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane are also evolved during the reaction.
NOVELTY - A decomposition of alkane involves contacting alkane with alloy such as misch metal (Mm) alloys such as MmNi4.15 Fe0.85 , MmNi4.5 Zn0.65 Cr0.55 , LaNi4.9 Al0.1 or CaNi5alloy at 400-700C. The alkane gets decomposed into hydrogen and carbon. Hydrogen is separated and the carbon gets adsorbed on the alloy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Recovery of methane by contacting methane with a carbon adsorbed alloy which has previously carried out alkane decomposition process. The hydrogen which is formed during the decomposition of alkane is contacted with the alloy. Methane is formed due to the reaction between hydrogen and the carbon which is previously adsorbed on the catalyst. (ii) Manufacture of methane.    USE -   For recovery of alkanes such as methane (claimed), ethane, propane and butane from natural gas during decomposition of alkane.    ADVANTAGE -   The alkane is decomposed efficiently by simple process. By this process alkane can be decomposed into carbon and hydrogen thereby volume for storage and transportation is reduced and alkane can be recovered later. The hydrogen can be recycled for further process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the decomposition of alkane, recovery of methane and hydrogen.
NOVELTY - The processing apparatus stirs calcined lime and an organic waste and then processes the mixture using an agitator under pressure, to form manure.    USE -   The apparatus is used with organic waste e.g. food residue, livestock waste, saw dust, straw, shell rice bran to form manure.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is deodorized efficiently by a simple method and used as fertilizer.
NOVELTY - A heat insulated fermenter (4) includes primary fermentation process (1), secondary fermentation process (2) and drying process (3). An air conditioner blows off the air into the blow-off portion (5) after the completion of drying process. The air is absorbed from the suction portion (6) and again recirculated into the blow-off portion by an air blower (11).    USE -   For sludge, sewage etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The air conditioner provided in the fermenter ensures shortening of fermentation period. The release of bad smell is restrained easily. The temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration are easily adjusted and the fermentation is performed by preparing microorganism reaction suitable to environmental condition. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of composting plant for sludge. (1) Primary fermentation process; (2) Secondary fermentation process; (3) Drying process; (4) Heat insulated fermenter; (5) Blow-off portion; (6) Suction portion; (11) Air blower.
NOVELTY - A degradable writing material made of a biodegradable fiber and having degradable internal member such as nib and inner cotton, is new.    USE -   For use as applicator.    ADVANTAGE -   The applicator decomposes waste generated from school and office.
Waste treatment apparatus comprises a for the treatment tank which has a pair of rotary shafts with several claws distributed spirally at equal distance along it. The shafts are separated by a distance equal to the sum of radius of gyration of claws attached in each rotary shaft. The rotary shaft has spiral fin formed along the top portion of claws. The bottom portion of treatment tank contains the rotary shafts, to treat waste by its rotation.    USE -   For composting or annihilation disposal without residue formation.    ADVANTAGE -   The structure of waste processing apparatus is suitable for composting or annihilation disposal of waste.
NOVELTY - Organic waste injected into a container (B) is stirred by a blade (17), in presence of an aerobic resolution microbe. Air is supplied to the container, by scavenging pipes (21,23). The gas generated from the container is supplied to a combustion furnace. The supply of waste material and air are controlled by a panel, based on measurement value of temperature sensor and gravimetry device (55).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic waste injected into the processing container (B) of processing apparatus, is stirred by a blade (17), in presence of an aerobic resolution microbe. Air is supplied to the container, by scavenging pipes (21,23) provided with air blowers (25,32). The gas generated from the processing container, is supplied to a combustion furnace by an exhaust tube (12) which is closed by a switching damper (16). A gravimetry device (55) is provided in the lower part (8c) of the container which has temperature and pressure sensors (Pa,Pe) arranged vertically in the upper part (8b). The supply of waste material and air are controlled by a panel, based on the measurement value of temperature sensor and the gravimetry device. The rotation of the stirring blade is controlled by detection of pressure sensor and switching damper.    USE -   For organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste is processed efficiently by the apparatus having improved processing ability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of processing apparatus. (8b) Upper part; (8c) Lower part; (12) Exhaust tube; (16) Switching damper; (17) Blade; (21,23) Scavenging pipes; (25,32) Air blowers; (28) Heater; (55) Gravimetry device; (B) Processing container; (Pa,Pe) Pressure sensors.
NOVELTY - Water vapor formed from a boiler (7) is supplied to a thermolysis tank (3) having plastics and freon to be processed. Thermolysis reaction is done in a tank at temperature of 450-650C for forming hydrogen halide gas by reaction of freon with water vapor. The gas is then transferred to a modifier (5) where it is heated at higher temperature range of 900-1100C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the freon containing waste material processing apparatus.    USE -   For processing waste such as household electric appliances goods, industrial goods containing freon.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables safe and efficient decomposition of waste materials. Facilitates recovery of heat from waste material when quality of residue gas is reduced to low temperature. Increases industrial use by reducing residue and recovering energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows block diagram of the waste material processing apparatus. (3) Thermolysis tank; (5) Modifier; (7) Boiler.
NOVELTY - A stirring container (2) having a circular bottom (2a) is provided. A stand (3) supports the both ends of container. A vibration generator (4) vibrates the stand. Below the stand, legs (5) capable of absorbing vibration of the stand are installed.    USE -   For stirring particulate materials like ceramic grains by vibration during organic refuse treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   The vibration generator acting as power source and having eccentric weight and excellent strength, helps in stirring the contents with ceramic grains efficiently in a fixed direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the side sectional drawing of the stirring apparatus. (2) Stirring container; (2a) Circular bottom; (3) Stand; (4) Generator; (5) Legs.
NOVELTY - Deodorizer for organic refuse processing, has odorous gas forced through deodorant contained inside chamber and subsequently exhausted out.    USE - For processing organic refuse such as gas e.g. amine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan, generated from waste carbohydrate content meal such as potato and for acetic acid and gas generated from protein, fat content food such as fish, meat and egg.    ADVANTAGE - Effective deodorization is achieved by forcing the odorous gas through the deodorizing chamber after which a clean odorless exhaust gas is ejected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A main tank is divided into an upper and lower deodorant chambers (2,3) by a net (4). Inlet pipe (12) for odorous gas is introduced into chamber (3) and exhaust pipe (14) is connected to chamber (2). A drain pipe (16) with a drain valve (17) is fitted at middle of bottom side of lower chamber and deodorant with activated sludge mixed with wooden pieces is filled in the upper chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the notched isometric view of the apparatus.    Upper and lower deodorant (2,3)    Net (4)    Inlet pipe (12)    Exhaust pipe (14)    Drain pipe (16)    Drain valve (17)
NOVELTY - The deodorization process is performed using aggregate which consists of microorganism and support, where microorganism coexists with support. The microorganism aggregate which decomposes odor component is filled in a layer (5).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for deodorization apparatus.    USE -   for sewage water.    ADVANTAGE -   The offensive odor from the gas component in the sewage water is removed quickly using microorganism aggregate. The compact deodorization apparatus is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows schematic explanatory drawing of the deodorization apparatus. (5) Layer.
NOVELTY - Malodorous gas is passed through a packed column (1) having filled layer (3) containing a microorganism which decomposes odor causing component in gas. The gas is made moist by passing through a spray of water. The gas coming out from the packed column is contacted with a suspension containing an activated sludge in a second packed column (1').    USE -   For deodorization of malodorous gas especially gas containing methyl sulfide or methyl disulfide from sewage works, waste treatment plants, foundry, printing and paint industry.    ADVANTAGE -   Odor causing components having slow degradation velocity are effectively decomposed by contacting with activated sludge suspension. As a result, deodorization especially of gas containing methyl sulfide or methyl disulfide is complete and efficient. Alkali chemicals are not required, operating cost is reduced and installation is made compact. A high superficial velocity of gas can be used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows explanatory drawing of apparatus for biological deodorization. (1,1') Packed columns; (2) Gas inlet; (3,3') Filled layers; (6) Gas outlet; (13,13') Water sprinklers.
NOVELTY - Water is sprinkled on carrier (3) containing deodorizing microorganisms. The concentration of ions in water used for sprinkling is measured and the concentration of ions in the sprinkled water is adjusted accordingly. The replenished sprinkled water is circulated and reused.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for microorganism deodorizing apparatus.    USE -   For deodorizing unpleasant smell from organic and sewage wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The deodorant capacity is maintained pertinently. The operation of the apparatus is performed reliably and easily. Sprinkled water is replenished constantly and is reused continuously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows an outline of operating method of deodorizing apparatus. (1) Deodorant tank; (3) Carrier; (8a) Water sprinkling pipe.
NOVELTY - Bio-deodorizing apparatus comprises a partitioned deodorant tower (1) (in which malodorous gas is circulated), vertically divided by carrier layers (11) comprising a deodorant. Sprinkler nozzles (4a) are provided on each of the carrier layers. A feed hopper (2) is provided on lower portion of one of carrier layer and takeoff unit (3) is provided on upper portion of other carrier layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Bio-deodorizing apparatus comprises a partitioned deodorant tower (1) (in which malodorous gas is circulated), vertically divided by carrier layers (11) comprising a deodorant. Sprinkler nozzles (4a) are provided on each of the carrier layers. A feed hopper (2) for passage of malodorous gas is provided on lower portion of one of the carrier layer and takeoff unit (3) for removing processed gas are provided on the upper portion of another carrier layer. A process water tank (5) provided on the lower portion of tower (1) is connected to unit (3) via circulating pump (6).    USE -   For deodorizing unpleasant smell from faeces, urine and sewage waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Malodorous gas is deodorized continuously, effectively and efficiently by the usage of the deodorizing carrier layer. The carrier layers supported by sponge like non-woven fabric has large contact area and can be cleaned easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows systematic diagram of deodorizing apparatus. (1) Deodorant tower; (2) Feed hopper; (3) Takeoff unit; (4a) Sprinkler nozzle; (5) Process water tank; (6) Circulating pump; (11) Carrier layers.
NOVELTY - A deodorizing tower (1) is divided to two chambers each having a packed column containing a deodorizing agent on a carrier (11). Gas passing through first packed column is directed to the second chamber, made to pass through second packed column and exhausted. Sprinkler nozzles (4a) are provided on upper part of packed columns to spray water. Process water tanks (5) are provided at the bottom.    USE -   For deodorizing odorous gas generated from organic wastes and sewerage works.    ADVANTAGE -   The deodorizing agent consists of microorganism and deodorization is performed efficiently and continuously. The carrier is made of synthetic resin filament aggregates and thereby ensures increased contact area. Pressure loss is reduced and continuous operation is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows explanatory drawing of deodorizing apparatus. (1) Deodorizing tower; (1a) Gas flow route; (2) Gas inlet; (3) Gas outlet; (4) Sprinklers; (4a) Sprinkler nozzles; (5) Process water tanks; (11) Microorganism carrier.
NOVELTY - The deodorant system deodorizes an odor component by the effect of a microorganism (5) and is made to contact with a honey comb deodorant (24).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the deodorizing apparatus which has deodorizing units (1,21). The deodorizing unit (1) contains the microorganism distributed in the downstream side and the deodorizing unit (21) contains the honey comb deodorant.    USE -   For odor component of sewage, sludge disposal, human waste process, livestock plant, chemical plant, coatings, fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   The deodorizing apparatus is durable and enables efficient deodorization of odor components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the structure of deodorizing apparatus. (1,21) Deodorizing units(5) Microorganism; (11) Gas-liquid separating device; (24) Honey comb deodorant.
NOVELTY - Combustion exhaust gas of modifier (22) is supplied to cathode via carbon dioxide recycle line (7). The driving of turbine by cathode waste gas forms compressed air which is supplied to cathode via air line (8). Anode waste gas is circulated via anode circulation line (3) and supplied to the anode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Combustion exhaust gas is supplied to combustor (23) via a heat line (11) for burning anode and cathode waste gas ejected from anode and cathode. The modifier (22) modifies heating gas containing water vapor with combustion exhaust gas of combustor using anode gas.    USE -   In fuel battery based electrical power generator.    ADVANTAGE -   During combustion starting and fuel battery stoppage only nitrogen gas is filled in line, thereby making nitrogen manufacturing facility unnecessary. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains composition of electric power generator. (3) Anode circulation line; (7) Carbon dioxide recycle line; (8) Air line; (11) Heat line; (22) Modifier; (23) Combustor.
NOVELTY - The battery consists of an air permeable metal substrate on which an anode(1), a solid electrolyte layer (2) and a cathode (3) are provided sequentially. A flow path board (8) with a rib, is equipped between the substrate and the cathode. The flow path board contains fuel gas passageway in the peripheral direction from the center. The air pressure is less in the outer edge part of the board.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The substrate has a collector function and the heating gas feeder ability to electrodes. A battery consists of an unit cell provided with a separator (10) equipped with the heating gas supply flow path and air supply flow path.    USE -   For power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery is operated stably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solid electrolyte type fuel battery. (1) Anode; (2) Solid electrolyte layer; (3) Cathode; (8) Flow path board; (10) Separator.
The compost material is sent into the fermenter through a channel formed by opposing side walls. Air is supplied and zymosis occurs by moving the compost material from one side of the fermenter to other side by transfer turning-over machine. The amount of compost material is comparatively large in the front portion of fermenter. Also claimed is the forced composting apparatus which has a transfer turning-over machine. The transfer turning-over machine is scoop type equipped with transfer unit in the form of a conveyor. The sending width adjusting unit alters the front and back directional lengths of transfer unit.    USE -   The method is used for forced composting of organic substance such as livestock dung, agricultural waste etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The amount of compost material is made comparatively large in the front portion of the fermenter by the transfer turning-over machine. As fermentation proceeds weight is reduced and uniform deposition height is obtained and hence the length of the transfer direction of fermenter is reduced and fermentation efficiency is not reduced. By providing a sending width adjusting unit, the transfer distance of compost material is changed and hence the length of the direction where the organic substance advances can be reduced.
NOVELTY - A first pump (P) is provided to suck up ground water and to deliver to a first solar water heater (1) where the water gets heated and stored inside a first storage tank (2). Another pump (P') is mounted to circulate the water through indoor heating pipe (3) of the greenhouse. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The circulated water from indoor heating pipe is stored inside a second water tank (2'). The pumped underground water gets heated by the heat generated in the deposits of vegetable dead leaf, excrement of animal etc in a container where fermentation occurs with bacteria.    USE -   For growing vegetables with the natural energies like solar heat and wind.    ADVANTAGE -   Cultivation of vegetation in cold places can be made without the use of fossil fuel. Global warming and air pollution are prevented due to the use of natural energies. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram showing the vegetable cultivation. (1) Water heater; (2) First storage tank; (2') Second water tank; (3) Indoor heating pipe; (P,P') Pumps.
NOVELTY - A large-scale composting site has a number of piles of composting material arranged in parallel lines. The piles are inverted and mixed at regular intervals by e.g. a tractor accessory bearing a mixer drum (1) rotor (10) assembly. The rotor assembly may be swiveled to an acute angle with respect to the direction of travel (A). The rotor drum picks up and mixes composting material, expelling this sideways to a stop baffle (30) which is directed at the adjacent reforming heap.    USE - Large-scale composting heap tractor-mounted mixer assembly. The assembly picks up, mixes and deposits the heap in a heap which forms essentially along the line of the existing heap.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement eliminates the need for separate tractor lanes between adjacent compost heaps, to make better use of floor space. If required, compost can be picked up and deposited on an adjacent heap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the general arrangement of the tractor-mounted mixer.
NOVELTY - A sensor has a gas sensitive material that exhibits an increase or decrease in an electrical property in the presence of a gas.    USE - As gas sensor in gas or gaseous mixtures.    ADVANTAGE - The device shows a small response to changes in the moisture content of the atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A sensor has a gas sensitive material, MO3-x that exhibits an increase or decrease in electrical property in the presence of a gas.    M = predominantly or exclusively Mo    MO3-x is a substoichiometric molybdenum trioxide.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for measuring an electrical response by contacting the sensor with gas or gaseous mixtures.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagrammatic representation of one form of the sensor.    Gold electrodes (2, 3)    Gas sensitive material (4)    Conductors (5)    Electrical measuring means (6)    Parallel plate sensor (9)
NOVELTY - A process for making an asymmetrical hollow fiber membrane comprises: (a) dissolving a polyether sulfone, or its derivative, and a non-solvent additive in a solvent to form a polymer dope of viscosity 5,000-50,000 cPs at 25 degreesC; (b) forming a nascent hollow fiber from the dope; (c) passing the nascent fiber through an air gap; and (d) coagulating the fiber in a coagulation medium.    USE - In gas separation processes, e.g. separation of oxygen and nitrogen from air, helium, hydrogen and carbon dioxide from nitrogen, and methane.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer dopes are tailored to be close to the point of phase separation and have a moderate polymer concentration and a moderate viscosity, which can be adjusted by adding a readily available and non-toxic, non-solvent additive. The process has excellent reproducibility, it is cheap and it allows production of reliable membranes in large quantities from readily available materials. Membranes coated with a silicone rubber show excellent permeability and selectivity compared to prior art polyether sulfone membranes. The membranes have excellent thermal and mechanical stability.
NOVELTY - Straight chain C3-C6 hydrocarbons in admixture with gas carrier are exposed to barrier electric discharge. Reaction products are withdrawn from reactor discharge zone using liquid hydrocarbon film dripping down reactor walls.    USE - Preparing high-octane motor fuels.    ADVANTAGE - Greater molecular weight of hydrocarbons of isomeric structure, higher selectivity, decreased temperature and lower process pressure.
NOVELTY - An injection tank (1) containing organic waste in a treatment tank (4) is treated with microorganism. A movable transfer line (s) of predefined length is arranged adjacent to injection tank. The treatment tank has an outlet (18) and a moving object (5) which runs along longitudinal direction. The organic waste is stirred by moving object. A cutter (6) moves movable object towards outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An injection tank containing organic waste is provided at the one side of treatment tank. A supply unit (2) injects microorganism into the injection tank and the mixture of organic waste and microorganism is stirred by a stirring unit (3). A movable transfer line of predefined length is arranged adjacent to the injection tank. The treatment tank has an outlet and a moving object which runs along longitudinal direction. The organic waste in the treatment tank is stirred by the moving object. A cutter moves the movable object towards the outlet.    USE -   For compost manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic waste processing is inexpensively and quickly performed. Decomposition of organic waste is effective. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of organic waste fermentation apparatus. (1) Injection tank; (2) Supply unit; (3) Stirring unit; (4) Treatment tank; (5) Moving object; (6) Cutter; (18) Outlet; (19) Frame; (A) Fermentation apparatus.
NOVELTY - Lift up agitator (3) consists of a stirring blade (13) configured on an endless belt (12), and a shock plate. The shock plate prevents the movement of stirred organic waste (7) to the rear side of agitator. The air nozzles (5) provided in the sides (2b) and bottom (2a) of fermenter tank supplies air to the stirred material and promotes fermentation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The air injected to the bottom of fermenter through air injection nozzle is supplied by air pump. A detector (18) is placed in the fermenter for supplying air into the agitator by sensing the movement of agitator. A brush is provided at the side of fermenter for cleaning the air injection nozzle. Stirring blades (13) are placed outwardly on endless rail.    USE -   For decomposing organic waste e.g. organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Since multiple air hoses are provided for injecting air, fermentation decomposition can be promoted. Since the bond strength between organic waste is weakened by shock plate, clogging of air hoses is prevented, hence contact of air and organic waste is increased, and fermentation time is shortened. Fermentation of organic waste containing moisture is carried out efficiently. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the right sectional view of fermenter. (2) Fermenter; (2a) Bottom of fermenter; (2b) Side; (3) Agitator; (5) Air hoses; (5a) Air pump; (11) Sprocket; (12) Endless rail; (13) Stirring blade; (18) Detector.
NOVELTY - The gas obtained by fermenting organic waste was cooled and blowed into the saw dust and bark in the fermenter. The temperature humidity conditions were adjusted and the saw dust and bark were replenished. Suitable conditions were set up to promote fermentation.    USE -   As a compost.    ADVANTAGE -   Moderate temperature and humidity of the gas allows efficient composting.
NOVELTY - Several holes (101) are provided to the surface of a stirrer to inject air into the fermentation tank. The foldable stirrer expands and has a soft structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Aerobic fermentation using microorganism is promoted by injection of air into the fermentation tank during stirring.    USE -   For organic substance fermentation (as claimed). For wastes such as the organic refuse which is recycled by microorganism fermentation, used as fertilizers for garden trees and horticulture.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces running cost and machine complication which results in efficient microorganism fermentation as the stirrer has several holes on its surface for injecting air into the fermentation tank along with stirring action. Enables wider application in domestic small sized heat type fermentation as the aerobic fermentation of the microorganism is promoted by air injection during stirring, with the help of expandable foldable soft structured stirrer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the autumnal tints type stirrer with air injection holes. (101) Holes.
NOVELTY - The processing of water absorbable used polymer products involves immersing the used products in a heated oil and performing multistage dehydration under reduced pressure conditions.    USE -   For processing used polymer products used as fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing method is simple and used products are regenerated as fuel.
NOVELTY - Solid superacid catalysts in the form of (micro)spheres consist of a mixed sulfated zirconium oxide and at least one other element selected from groups 3 to 15 and the series of lanthanides.    USE - Used for isomerization processes of hydrocarbons, verified by means of the model conversion reaction of n-butane to iso-butane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid superacid catalysts are obtained by means of a sol-gel process comprising:    (a) preparing a zirconium sol, mixed with a thickening agent and optionally with the element or elements selected;    (b) adding a non-ionic surfactant to the sol, only when microspheres are to be obtained;    (c) dripping, or atomizing obtained spheres into a basic gelation bath;    (d) aging the (micro)spheres of gel;    (e) washing the (micro)spheres with water up to pH 9 and draining without drying them;    (f) impregnating the (micro)spheres of gel with an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate, or if it is not possible to obtain co-gelation of the element selected with the zirconium hydroxide, with a solution of ammonium sulfate and of a salt of the element selected; and    (g) drying the micro(spheres) and calcining them in air at 450-700 degrees C.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for the isomerization of aliphatic hydrocarbons wit a low molecular weight, in particular n-butane to iso-butane, by means of the solid superacid catalysts.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has two porous electrodes (3,4) enclosing an electrolyte (2) between them and two narrow fuel chambers (5,6), each formed by one of the electrodes and a dividing plate (1) at a small distance from the electrode. The fuel is passed from one narrow side of the chamber to the other so that the main flow direction is parallel to the electrode and plate. One or more obstructions in the flow path cause turbulence in the fuel so that the flow field has a speed component (7) towards the electrode in some sections.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the fuel cell is increased without necessitating an increased power drain from the periphery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell    dividing plate (1)    electrolytes (2)    electrodes (3,4)    fuel chambers (5,6)    speed component towards electrode (7)
NOVELTY - The process comprising adding a cellullosic material to the liquid hog manure, mixing the cellullosic material with the manure, separating the mixture to leave a solids portion and a liquid portion, drying the solids portion, and further treating the liquid portion. The removed solids then may be used for a fuel value, and the liquid portion may be used a manure, or for other purposes.    USE - For treatment of liquid hog manure.    ADVANTAGE - Utilizes waste products from different sources, decreases environmental pollution. Gives useful products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid portion is subjected to aerobic treatment, and a screw press is used to remove the liquid portion. The aerobic treatment involves passing the liquid through several parallel, or series connected trickle cell filters. The cellullosic material may be de-inked pulp waste material, wood shavings, or cellullosic waste from pulp and paper processing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram of the process.    paper facility (10)    transport (12)    trickle cell (32)
NOVELTY - A fluid circulator comprises a flexible tube (18) having a honeycomb structure; first apertures; second apertures; a container (10) and flexible strings as supports; a fluid inlet (26); and a fluid outlet (28). The first and second apertures are flow means.    USE - The apparatus is used in the treatment of a liquid containing suspended solids (preferably in water purification) (claimed) or in sewage, mines slimes, brewing waste or animal manure treatment; chemical mixing of liquid, gas or solid chemical(s) into a bulk liquid (claimed); digesting methane (claimed); aquaculture (claimed) as fish hatchery; and in swimming pool filters; cleaning polluted rivers; chemical process plants; froth flotation mineral separation; removing ash together with sulfur and other chemicals from smoke stack effluent; bio-leaching using bacteria to remove minerals from ore bodies and chemical leaching of minerals from ore bodies; and irrigation system to remove seeds and sands and to mix fertilizers and chemicals into the irrigation water.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is easy to install, operate and maintain; needs minimum attention; has no moving parts that can wear out; and requires no energy to run and less addition of chemicals. Also, the apparatus may be varied in size.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectioned side view of a first apparatus of the invention.    Container (10)    Flexible tube (18)    Fluid inlet (26)    Fluid outlet (28)
NOVELTY - Anaerobic digester (2) for treating organic waste materials is housed in a circular greenhouse (1). The digester is located at the center of the greenhouse.    USE - Used for treating organic waste, especially sewage, farm animal waste, household rubbish or food processing waste.    ADVANTAGE - The integral digester and greenhouse optimizes energy efficiency and achieves savings in capital cost compared to prior art digesters. The digester in the greenhouse also serves as a heat storage unit to store heat produced by combined heat and power generator where heat is not required for other applications. The amount of heat and carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere from anaerobic digester is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also include for digesting organic waste and heating a greenhouse .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side elevational view of an integral digester greenhouse.    Greenhouse (1)    Anaerobic digester (2)
NOVELTY - An injectable or implantable composition (I), comprises a genetically engineered cell containing at least two genes each under the control of separate regulatory sequences. Expression of one gene responding to an environmental stimulus, regulates the expression of the target gene product.    USE - (I) is useful as a bioreactor for the production and delivery of therapeutic gene products such as cytokines, antigens, antibodies, clotting factors, regulatory proteins, enzymes or receptors in human or animals. The genetically engineered cells and tissues are useful for gene therapy, including transplantation or in vivo implantation, screening cytotoxic or pharmaceutical compounds in vivo and also for testing the cytotoxicity of vectors and other nucleic acids and their encoded gene products in gene therapy applications. The cells can also be used as a vaccine. The cells are engineered to express insulin in response to changes in the level of glucose or IL-2 in response to a viral infection. The cells can be engineered to respond to hypoxia, high levels of circulating cholesterol, tumor antigen, controlled substances such as cocaine and heroin or to secrete a gene product for replacing a deleted or mutated gene product as a result of genetic or hereditary disease.    ADVANTAGE - (I) is a self-regulating system expressing a target gene in response to an environmental stimulus. By controlling the number of cells introduced into an individual, the amount of the product delivered to the body can be controlled. Transfected cells or grafts can be removed easily when there is no longer need for the product and production of the therapeutic product can be regulated efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents a three dimensional skin model.
NOVELTY - An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprises essentially 93.8-99 weight percent of difluoromethane and 1-6.2 wt.% of isobutane, 50-99 wt.% of difluoromethane and 1-50 wt.% of propylene or 60-99 wt.% of difluoromethane and 1-40 wt.% of cyclopropane. The vapor pressure of the composition is higher than the vapor pressure of the individual components when the temperature is 25degreesC.    USE - Used as cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents and displacement drying agents.    ADVANTAGE - The compositions that are azeotropic exhibit constant boiling property and vapor pressures that are higher than the vapor pressures of the pure components of the composition at a particular temperature. The maximum boiling azeotrope has boiling point higher than the pure component of the composition at a particular pressure and has vapor pressure lower than the pure component of the composition at a particular temperature. The azeotrope-like composition exhibit essential equivalent properties for refrigeration and other applications. The azeotrope-like composition can be prepared easily by adopting any convenient method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for process of generating refrigeration and heat, which involves condensing the azeotropic composition followed by evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled and condensing the composition in the vicinity of the body to be heated followed by evaporating the composition, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graphical data of the ranges of composition that has vapor pressure higher than the vapor pressure of the pure component of the composition.
NOVELTY - Isobutane is alkylated with gasoline fraction resulting from retarded coking process in the presence of sulfuric acid at 5-10 degreesC, pressure of 1.50-1.75 atm, isobutane to gasoline fraction volumetric ratio of 1:1, isobutane to olefins ratio of 1.5-2.0:1 for 20 minutes.    USE - Petrochemistry.    ADVANTAGE - More efficient preparation method. The method makes it possible to increase yield of the desired product and to simplify process technology.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Sulfuric acid with concentration of 91-97 wt % is used at sulfuric acid to hydrocarbons ratio of 1: 1. Prior to being admitted into reaction zone, isobutane is premixed with sulfuric acid.
NOVELTY - Valves (11b,11c) driven by a motor are provided in the unused hydrogen gas pipe (9a) and air pipe (9b) connecting a combustion burner (6) and a battery stack (10). Valve (11a) driven by a motor is provided in the air pipe (9d) for controlling the passage of compressed air between the modifier (33), CO reducer (34) and compressor (83).    USE -   For gas pipelines.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases electricity generation efficiency and reduces the power consumption of the valves. Achieves size, weight and cost reduction. Improves safety and eliminates the need for a check-valve. Prevents the reverse flow and the leakage of inflammable hydrogen into the oxidizing agent gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery system. (6) Combustion burner; (9a) Hydrogen gas pipe; (9b,9d) Air pipe; (10) Battery stack; (11a-11c) Valves; (33) Modifier; (34) CO reducer; (83) Compressor.
NOVELTY - The sulfide formation in the liquid is suppressed by adding an anthraquinone compound to the aqueous base containing sulfate reducing microbes. The pH of the aqueous base is then set between 7 and 9.    USE -   For sewage treatment and industrial liquid waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The formation of sulfide is suppressed quickly.
NOVELTY - Vegetable waste is added with natural nitrogen fertilizer as protein source and calcareous fertilizer and rotting promoting microbe at normal temperature and subjected to fermentation. Fermentation is promoted by passing sufficient air after supplying water. The mixture is stirred at 60-90 C and fermented.    USE -   For fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE -   The activity of fermentation microbe is improved. Composting is carried out quickly and effectively. Fermentation is improved by contacting with air.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has decomposition tank (3) with stirrer (4). The organic refuse is provided to the decomposition tank and stirred by the stirrer and an aerobic decomposition is carried out in presence of aerobic bacteria. Electrodes (61,62) are distributed in the tank and DC voltage is impressed between the electrodes. The electrode surface adsorbs the salts formed by aerobic decomposition of organic refuse.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The salt concentration in the tank is maintained at low level reducing decomposition. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Explanatory diagram of organic refuse processing apparatus. (3) Decomposition tank; ; (4) Stirrer; ; (5) Ventilation pump; ; (6) Voltage supplier; ; (31) Mesh; ; (61,62) Electrodes; ; (63) pH sensor.
NOVELTY - Activated sludge containing thiosulfuric acid, elementary sulfur and iron sulfide is grown under an aerobic condition using ammonia as the source of nutrition. Waste water containing NS compound is made to flow into the activated sludge after oxidizing the thiosulfuric acid, elementary sulfur and iron sulfide to sulfuric acid and ammonia to nitric acid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for waste water processing apparatus.    USE -   The method is used for purifying waste water containing NS compounds such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide by microorganism.    ADVANTAGE -   The decomposition reaction vessel of exclusive use to carry out the chemical decomposition of NS compound in the waste water is needless since the decomposition of NS compound can be carried out at a normal temperature and neutral pH, under aerobic conditions. The equipment composition can be simplified and a large cost reduction can be achieved since the batch concurrent processing of three substances namely dithionic acid, ammonia and NS compound can be carried out using an aerobic bacteria by continuously adding small amounts of thiosulfuric acid to the raw water. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a process diagram for waste water treatment method using microorganism.
NOVELTY - The waste water purifier has a treatment tank (1) which purifies waste water with a microorganism. Waste water is introduced into the treatment tank from an introductory line (2). A drainage channel (3) derives the purified water from the treatment tank. A particle circulation device (5) is provided to circulate porous particles used as nests of a microorganism.    USE -   The purifier is used for purification of domestic and sewage waste water.    ADVANTAGE -   A purification treatment can be carried out by microorganism effectively since the porous particles circulated by a particle circulation device are made to act as nests for the microorganism within a treatment tank. Waste water can be treated very efficiently and simply without using a big treatment tank. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is the composition sectional diagram of a waste water purifier. (1) Treatment tank; (2) Introductory line; (3) Drainage channel; (5) Particle circulation device.
NOVELTY - Purification tank (7) has at least a top tank (8) and a bottom tank (9). The top tank is molded out of a resin containing norbornene group cycloolefins while the bottom tank is molded out of fiber reinforced plastics.    USE -   For purification of waste water containing faeces and urine.    ADVANTAGE -   Sufficient strength can be secured since the bottom tank made of fiber reinforced plastics is joined to a top tank made of a resin containing norbornene group cycloolefins. An excellent productivity can be achieved with little deformation. The strength can be increased further by setting height dimension of the bottom tank larger than that of the top tank. The adhesion of a baffle plate can be firmly carried out to the bottom tank. The dependability of water leakage prevention can be raised. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is the sectional view of a vertical tank junction type purification tank. (7) Purification tank; (8) Top tank; (9) Bottom tank.
NOVELTY - The suspended solids contained in raw water from an aquarium and pisciculture are removed by a membrane filter (8) immersed in a treatment tank (7) with some membrane modules and a diffuser (9) at the bottom. The membranous permeation water after removal of suspended solids is obtained as treated water.    USE -   The method is used for recycling deteriorated water in aquarium and pisciculture.    ADVANTAGE -   A nitrification efficiency can be increased by promoting the proliferation of a nitrification microbe while the suspended solids removal is performed with a membrane module. The backwashing of a treatment tank need not be performed. There is no problem of ammonia survival by effusion of a nitrification microbe. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is the flow sheet of a water treatment system. (7) Treatment tank; (8) Membrane filter unit; (9) Diffuser.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse and a microorganism decomposition agent are mixed and stirred in a processing container (1) by a vertical screw vane (3) rotatably fixed with a small protrusion at the top from an upper refuse insertion opening to perform a decomposition process. The width of the screw vane is gradually reduced towards the lower portion centre of the process container.    USE -   For performing decomposition process of organic refuse using microorganism and sawdust in domestic works.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic refuse can be mixed and stirred well to right and left directions by a vertical screw vane with a small protrusion without being dumped since the width of the vertical screw vane reduces towards the lower portion centre. The decomposition process strength increases and the drawing out of screw vane is easy. The decomposition rate can be increased by applying a forced ventilation. The equipment can be manufactured cheaply. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of organic refuse processing equipment. (1) Processing container; (3) Screw vane.
NOVELTY - Photoirradiation is performed on the liquid containing bacteria for a predetermined time, before the fluorescent bacteria is detected, so that fluorescent material in bacteriophage is transformed irreversibly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for bacterial measuring device.    USE -   For sewage water, contaminated water of rivers, lakes, marshes, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Photoirradiation is performed for predetermined time so that fluorescent material in bacteriophage is transformed irreversibly, hence the detection duration of bacteria is shortened. During detection disturbance generation is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of apparatus describing bacterial measurement method.
NOVELTY - The treated water is contained in a stay tank (3). A water supply pipe (54) supplies a predetermined amount of treated water from the stay tank to acid formation tank (1).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An organic substance is converted into lower fatty acid with an acid forming microbe, in an acid formation tank (1). The lower fatty acid is then decomposed to carbon dioxide and methane in a reaction vessel (2). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processed waste water pH value controlling method.    USE -   For processing industrial waste water and controlling pH value of treated water.    ADVANTAGE -   Alkali consumption in the acid formation tank where pH of treated water is adjusted, is reduced, as a result the process is cost-effective.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow diagram explaining processed waste water pH value control system. (1) Formation tank; (2) Reaction vessel; (3) Stay tank; (54) Water supply pipe.
NOVELTY - A biological process and assembly treat a quantity of effluent wastes from which a defined quantity is taken. The separated quantity is then exposed to energy radiation, the exact intensity of which depends upon the nature of the cells under treatment. The degree of activation is directly related to the amplitude of the ultrasonic energy, and is adjustable. The separated quantity is then returned to and mixed with the original batch from which it was removed, where it activates metabolism of the full batch.    USE - Process and assembly to accelerate the biological treatment of waste water.    ADVANTAGE - The process accelerates both aerobic and anaerobic break-down processes, increases the quantity of organic matter break-down and the biogas yield in anaerobic processes by at least 20 per cent. It further reduces: the quantity of residual solids by at least 13 per cent; the quantity of sludge requiring de-watering and de-watering additives; the quantity of solids for final disposal; and the energy required for cell rupture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a flow chart of a municipal waste water treatment assembly.
NOVELTY - Reformer has a catalyst bed (2) and a burner formed by a catalytically active layer (1) with a first boundary surface (4) for the surrounding air and a second boundary surface (6) connected to the catalyst bed so that the reactant and the reformate gas can directly enter the layer (1). Heat transfer takes place at the same time over the second boundary surface.    USE - For endothermally and chemically converting a reactant to a reformate gas in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Material introduction and removal is simplified,    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the reformer.    catalytically active layer (1)    catalyst bed (2)    first boundary surface (4)    second boundary surface (6)
NOVELTY - A process (I) for producing biomass for use in the manufacture of animal feeds and glue by fermentation with Alcaligenes bacteria (especially A. carboxydus), is new.    USE - (I) is used to produce livestock feeds, binders and glue products.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process (I) of producing biomass for use as livestock feed, binders or glue from bacteria, comprising:    (1) placing autotrophic bacteria into a suitable medium under appropriate environmental conditions adapted to promote conversion of inorganic carbon oxygen compounds by the bacteria into poly-hydroxy-butyrate or its copolymers;    (2) supplying the inorganic carbon oxygen compound to the bacteria in the medium;    (3) continuing supplying the inorganic carbon oxygen compound to the bacteria to cause polymerization of the poly-hydroxy-butyrate or its copolymers to form the biomass; and    (4) harvesting the biomass from the medium.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a biomass product (II), produced via (I).
NOVELTY - Oxidizing sulfide minerals includes directing a slurry of sulfide minerals to at least two primary tanks in which biological oxidation of the sulfide minerals takes place and then merging slurry flows from the primary tanks by directing the slurry flows to a common tank in which the sulfide minerals are biologically oxidized further.    USE - The tank assembly is used for biological oxidation of sulfide minerals, especially minerals with a significant gold content.    ADVANTAGE - Concrete tanks can be constructed at a lower cost than steel tanks. The honeycomb configuration allows the tanks to share common walls and makes interconnection between them relatively easy. If a tank requires maintenance or repairs and needs to be bypassed then the valve system can be used to divert the flow to adjacent tanks.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a tank (10) constructed from concrete which is hexagonal in cross-section;    (2) a tank assembly which includes several interconnected tanks as in (1); and    (3) a biological oxidation plant which includes several interconnected concrete tanks.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Tank (10)    Side by side rows of tanks (12 and 14)    Agitator mechanism (20)    Valves (16)    Superstructure (18)    Slurry feed (22)
NOVELTY - Waste treatment comprises: (1) freezing waste with liquefied nitrogen in a cooling chamber at -150degreesF; (2) transferring the frozen waste to a heating chamber with a temperature of at least 150degreesF to decompose the frozen waste and (3) dehydrating the waste, removing water from the chamber to accelerate the decomposition and forming a dehydrated powder substance.    USE - Used for treating waste material such as garbage, rubbish or refuse to minimize pollution.    ADVANTAGE - The treatment process is easy, fast, safe and efficient without discharging smoke to the air. The decomposed organic waste in the form of powder and which is bacteria free can be used as a fertilizer for plants. It also minimizes treatment cost and possible pollution. The device used can be installed at home or in the factory.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a waste treatment device comprising a housing (10) having an upper cooling chamber (11) and lower heating chamber (12), a partition wall (20) between the cooling and heating chambers, an openable cover door (30) sealed to the cooling chamber, an ejector (40) for ejecting liquefied nitrogen around the waste with a controller (50), a filter unit (60) for filtering gas generated around the waste, an actuator (70), a heater (80) and a water exhaust (90).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a waste treatment device.    Housing (10)    Cooling chamber (11)    Heating chamber (12)    Partition wall (20)    Openable cover door (30)    Ejector (40)    Controller (50)    Filter (60)    Actuator (70)    Heater (80)    Water exhaust (90)
NOVELTY - New photocatalyst for converting methane into low hydrocarbons consists of an inorganic active ingredient and a support.    USE - The invention is used for converting methane into low hydrocarbons e.g. ethane, ethylene and/or propane.    ADVANTAGE - The conversion of methane is activated at ordinary temperatures and atmospheric pressures. Methane is converted to low hydrocarbons at low costs without causing environmental pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photocatalyst for converting methane comprises a composition of formula (III):    M(A)/S (III)    M = Pd, Ir, Ru, Cd, Ag, Pt;    S = ZnS, CdS, or TiO2;    A = 0.5-3.50 wt. % impregnated M based on the total weight of the photocatalyst    Zn:S molar ratio in ZnS, and Cd:S molar ratio in CdS are both 1:1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) method for preparing a photocatalyst for use in converting methane, which comprises dissolving a catalytically active metal in water, mixing the resulting solution with a dried support, stirring the mixture for 18-30 h at 40-70 degrees C, drying for 20-28 h at 80-200 degrees C, and subjecting it to a sintering process at 250-550 degrees C; and    (B) a method for preparing low hydrocarbons, which comprises adding a suspension of the invented photocatalyst in water to methane with stirring, and irradiating it with an artificial light.
NOVELTY - Polymer support contains hydroxypoly(2-4C) alkyleneoxy chains that are attached to a cross-linked polymer. Each of the chain contains 2-8 2-24C alkyleneoxy groups. The resulting support has 0.1-5 milliequivalents (meq) free hydroxy groups per gram of polymer.    USE - The support is useful in solid phase organic synthesis (SPOS) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The support has higher functional group loading than that of conventional Tentagel and yet still provides swell in water and alcohol. Also, it does not have unduly slow relaxation times thus allowing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis to be used. Further, the support has a clear spectra and fine resolution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a preparation of the polymer support by:    (a) reacting the cross-linked polymer with mono- protected poly(alkyleneoxy) glycol derivative in the presence of a strong base to convert the free hydroxy groups into leaving groups; (preferably, the polymer used has been formed from styrene and chloromethyl styrene and the reaction is Mitsunobu reaction, or by    (b) polymerizing a monomer having a hydroxy(poly (2-4C)alkyleneoxy) moiety.
NOVELTY - Demilitarizing the chemical warfare agent HT, which comprises a mixture of 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide and bis-(2-(2-chloroethylthio)ethyl)ether consists of treatment with a hydrolyzing agent, neutralization of the hydrolyzed mixture and biodegradation into a demilitarized biomass and effluent.    USE - The method is used for demilitarizing the chemical warfare agent HT.    ADVANTAGE - The method is a rapid and efficient means of detoxifying HT and processes HT into final products which pose substantially no observable irritation or toxic effects.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for demilitarizing the chemical warfare agent HT, which comprises a mixture of 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide and bis-(2-(2-chloroethylthio)ethyl)ether, comprises:    (1) treating HT with a hydrolyzing agent to form a mixture of thiodiglycol (TDG) and bis-(2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)ethyl) ether(s) (T-OH);    (2) neutralizing the TDG and T-OH mixture to a pH sufficient for biodegradation of the mixture; and    (3) biodegrading the neutralized TDG and T-OH mixture into a demilitarized biomass and effluent.
NOVELTY - The feed gas (34), containing hydrogen sulfide gas, is mixed (20) with an oxygen-containing gas (38) and an aqueous liquid (30), and the mixture is reacted in the presence of a catalyst to produce an aqueous solution (74) of sulfate ions. A gaseous product stream (100) is separated out and is essentially free of hydrogen sulfide.    USE - For removal of hydrogen sulfide from effluent gases, especially in natural gas processing.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient, economical and environmentally-friendly process for removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Where the aqueous liquid already contains sulfate ions, they are preferably removed before the liquid is mixed with the gases. This may be achieved by a membrane separation technique using a selective polyamide or polyimide membrane (46). The liquid stream may be water (groundwater or sea water) and the oxygen-containing gas may be air. The cleaned gas may be discharged to atmosphere (102) and the sulfate ion-containing effluent liquid may be discharged to the environment. The feed gas may be the off-gas from a process unit (12) removing hydrogen sulfide from natural gas, and the catalyst may be activated carbon. An ADDITIONAL CLAIM is included for a similar process incorporating the step of removing any sulfate ions from the liquid stream before it is mixed with the two gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic diagram of the process.    Natural gas processing unit (12)    mixer (20)    aqueous liquid (30)    feed gas (34)    oxygen-containing gas (38)    selective membrane (46)    liquid effluent (74)    clean gas (100)    gas discharge. (102)
NOVELTY - A solid strong-acid catalyst comprising anion-modified metal oxide and platinum group metal component provide selective upgrading of naphtha to high octane gasoline components and can be deactivated with totally liquid-phase hydrocarbon at temperature lower than the isomerization temperature for reuse.    USE - For selective upgrading of naphtha to gasoline blending components.    ADVANTAGE - Provides selective upgrading and can be reactivated using liquid-phase hydrocarbons containing dissolved hydrogen    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Isomerization of naphtha feedstock to product with increased isoparaffin content at 40-250 degrees C is carried out in the presence of a solid strong-acid catalyst comprising anion-modified metal oxide and platinum group metal component. The deactivated catalyst is contacted with liquid-phase hydrocarbon at temperature at least 20 degrees C lower than the isomerization temperature and then reused in isomerization.
NOVELTY - A water and fuel inlets (1,5) are connected with heat resistance hollow pipe (4) which is heated more than 600 C. Pressure is applied on water inlet to vaporize two hydrogen molecules, one oxygen molecule and to make them unstable. Pressure is applied on fuel inlet to form high temperature mixed gas, to burn fuel and to make hydrogen and oxygen molecules more unstable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen generator.    USE -   For internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE -   The method provides highest source resolution of energy in the scarce country of resources. Methane coming out as organic refuse, human faeces are collected and utilized from general form of combustible gas such as fossil fuel and natural gas. Contamination of internal combustion engine is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the apparatus for carrying out the combustion method of fluid fuel. (1) Water inlet; ; (4) Heat resistance hollow pipe; ; (5) Fuel inlet.
NOVELTY - The waste plastic lead tungstate is heated and rapidly cooled to remove the hydrogen chloride gas by thermolysis.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the dechlorination apparatus.    USE -   For removing hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas from waste plastic lead tungstate.    ADVANTAGE -   The rate of dechlorination is carried out to 50-90% and the fine porosity is formed. The hydrogen chloride gas separated is used as a raw material for the preparation of activated carbon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the principal part cross-sectional chart of the dechlorination apparatus.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a coke over (3) containing organic waste and heated by heating gas from a heating chamber (4). The volatiles produced are introduced into a combustion equipment (11) and burnt to form a combustion gas. The combustion gas is used as the heating gas to heat the oven for carbonization of organic waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic waste containing high water content is fed in the coke oven chamber through an insertion opening. Heating gas is supplied from the heating chamber to the perimeter of the coke oven chamber. The organic waste is carbonized in the oven. The volatiles produced from the organic waste are introduced into the combustion equipment, where the flammables in the volatile content are combusted to form the combustion gas. The combustion gas deodorized and supplied back to the heating chamber. The combustion gas is mixed with the heating gas and is used to heat the coke oven.    USE -   For carbonization of organic waste with high water content e.g. waste of fresh foodstuffs, vegetables, bread, fish, confectionery, fruits etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Volume reduction of the high water content organic waste is performed to 80-90%. Even when the exhaust gas is released into air, the air is not poluted. Since the combustion gas is utilized as the heating gas, the apparatus has reduced fuel consumption. The supply of organic waste to the coke oven and the removal of formed carbides is made automatic. The apparuats is convenient for the small scale enterprises requiring reduction in fuel consumption. The process is simple and versatile and the apparatus is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the carbonization apparatus. (3) Coke oven; (4) Heating chamber; (11) Combustion equipment.
NOVELTY - Partial combustion of refuse is carried out in furnace (1) at an air combustion ratio of 1:900 C to obtain a product containing gas, tar and char. The products are separated and obtained gas is used for bubbling during wet washing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for refuse treatment apparatus.    USE -   For electric power generation using refuse matter such as industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE -   By separating gas from char, chlorine content in the obtained product is reduced, hence electricity generation efficiency is raised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows schematic diagram of refuse treatment apparatus. (1) Furnace.
Manufacture of manure comprises adding an enzyme to a microorganism raw material, followed by addition of minerals, amino acid, nucleic acid, seaweed gel and molasses and lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthesis microbe and actinomyces group are generated. A culture adjusting agent is added to the microorganisms and fermented, followed by mixing with human faeces, animal excretes and equivalent amount of chaff. Water is removed from the fermented product which is further fermented and matured by heat generation. Chaff is partially formed along with manure.    USE -   The method is used for obtaining manure used in crops.    ADVANTAGE -   The manure obtained from wastes such as raw plants and organic refuse, enables favorable germination during fertilization of plants, enhances sugar content of grape and peach plants.
NOVELTY - Sludge is subjected to electromagnetic wave followed by heat sterilization and fermentation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for granular compost manufacturing apparatus which comprises a sludge pump, an electromagnetic wave heating apparatus, a granulator and a fermenter.    USE -   For use as source of minerals.    ADVANTAGE -   The method miniaturizes the apparatus by eliminating the need for an aqueous component for fermentation, sufficiently heating the sludge by electromagnetic wave and reducing its water content. Significantly reduces harmful microbes in sludge. Granulating sludge increases air permeability and promotes fermentation.
Storage of organic waste of marine products comprises supplying organic wastes of fish and shell fish to a storage tank. The surface of the waste layer in the tank is covered by a compost layer of predetermined thickness.    USE -   The storage tank is used for storing organic waste of marine products such as fish and shell fish, obtained during cleaning of dock of ship building yard, thermal and nuclear power station coast grounds and hull.    ADVANTAGE -   The marine product organic wastes can be stored without any foul smell for a long period of time.
NOVELTY - The device has a cylinder (13) provided in another cylinder (12) containing porous material, which inturn is covered by a cylinder (11). Air is passed between the cylinders (11,12) and carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst (15) is filled between cylinders (12,13). The modified gas and the heating medium are passed into the cylinders.    USE -   For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) generated by modified gas in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The selective oxidation of CO, is carried out reliably as the temperature of modified gas, is maintained in the predetermined range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the structure of CO selective oxidation device. (11-14) Cylinders; ; (15) Carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst.
NOVELTY - The oxidation apparatus has a cylinder provided with heat exchanger tube, heat transfer fin and a heating medium. A perforated panel and an air pipe comprising porous material is configured inside the cylinder. A baffle plate passes the modified gas filled in the cylinder. Catalyst which promotes selective oxidation of carbon monoxide is filled between the heat transfer fins.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxidation apparatus has a cylinder provided with heat exchanger tube, heat transfer fin and a heating medium. A perforated panel is provided such that heat transfer unit is covered with the cylinder object. An air pipe comprising porous material is configured inside the cylinder for ejecting air. A baffle plate moving in zigzag direction supports heat exchanger tube and air pipe and passes the modified gas filled in the cylinder. Catalyst which promotes selective oxidation of carbon monoxide is filled between the heat transfer fins.    USE -   For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE -   Temperature of the modified gas is maintained in a predetermined range.
NOVELTY - The modifier has a modifying pipe (1) which has a catalyst filled in the space between an inner cylinder (11) and an intermediate cylinder (12). A spiral vane (20) provided in the space between the inner cylinder and a combustion cylinder (8) enables spiral flow of a heat carrier gas in the space.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifying pipe is equipped with a burner (2) to produce a heat carrier gas. The heat carrier flows inside the combustion cylinder and then flows in the space between the inner cylinder of the modifying pipe and the combustion pipe, in order to heat the catalyst layer. The catalyst layer consists of granular modification catalyst which modifies the original hydrocarbon fuel into gas rich in hydrogen. The spiral vane is formed by winding a rod or a tube spirally on the periphery of the combustion cylinder. A thermometer used for the control of the heating temperature of the catalyst layer is inserted within the pipe of the spiral vane. The hydrocarbon fuel flows on the catalyst layer and ejects externally from the space between the intermediate cylinder and an outer cylinder (13).    USE -   For manufacture of heating gas for fuel battery used for electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the temperature gradient in the peripheral direction of the catalyst layer is made low, a local temperature rise is avoided. Therefore, the fuel modifier has long usage life. Even when the catalyst layer is heated from the outer side, the heat exchange is performed efficiently. The spiral vane is formed easily, and the thermometer is arranged easily. The thermometer and the spiral vane do not hinder the flow of the heat carrier. The temperature control in the fuel modifier is performed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross-sectional view of fuel modifier. (1) Modifying pipe; ; (2) Burner; ; (8) Combustion cylinder; ; (11) Inner cylinder; ; (12) Intermediate cylinder; ; (13) Outer cylinder; ; (20) Spiral vane.
NOVELTY - An oscillatable transfer unit equipped in solid liquid separator supplies solid particles to a processing chamber. A lid covers the inlet opening provided in the case of processing chamber. A cam mechanism that moves the lid, is coupled to drive mechanism for transfer unit so that the opening is set opened for time in synchronization with solid particle transfer period. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The drive mechanism for transfer unit includes a drive motor and a pulley that is coupled to the crank mechanism by a belt. A control unit is provided for controlling the operation of solid liquid separator. The movement lid is controlled to leave open the inlet opening of processing chamber, for predetermined time.    USE -   For processing organic refuse from kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid particles are transferred efficiently to the processing chamber, since the movement of lid for inlet opening is in synchronization with the period of solid particle transfer from solid liquid separator. Restrains temperature change inside processing chamber and minimizes power consumption. Simplifies operation of the machine since number of parts is reduced. Ensures efficient separation of liquid from solid particles.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a blower (7) and a heater (9) configured on the top of a fermentation tank (4) to supply hot air to the tank. The organic waste is stirred with hot air which flows through a shaft (10) and a stirring vane (16).    USE -   For fermentation reactors which process organic waste to form manure.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the heater is connected to the stirring shaft directly, the conductive heat which escapes from the periphery of the heater is utilized effectively. Since heat loss to the exterior of the tank is prevented, heat transfer is performed efficiently. Therefore, electric power is saved and fermentation is executed within a short time.
NOVELTY - Apparatus has an injection lid (5) to close a waste introduction opening (2) of treatment tank (3). A switch (25) detects the opening or closing of the injection lid. When the injection lid is open, the stirring unit is stopped but the fan rotates continuously for deodorization.    USE -   For processing organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Odor leakage is prevented reliably by continuing the rotation of the fan which passes exhaust air to the deodorization apparatus continuously. The inner air is recirculated and not ejected externally and so the odor emission to outer air is prevented reliably. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional chart of waste treatment apparatus. (2) Waste introduction opening; (3) Treatment tank; (5) Injection lid; (25) Switch.
NOVELTY - A decomposition tank (6) of waste plastic processing apparatus generates thermolysis residue. An extruder (13) configured below the decomposition tank, has a nozzle (13c) in the emission side. The thermolysis residue is molded in a fixed shape and ejected from the nozzle. The ejected residue is conveyed by a conveyor (15).    USE -   For processing waste plastic containing polyvinyl chloride resin.    ADVANTAGE -   Waste plastics can be recycled continuously by rapid and reliable method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the structure of waste plastic processing apparatus. (6) Decomposition tank; ; (13) Extruder; ; (13c) Nozzle; ; (15) Conveyor; ; (15a) Cooling unit; ; (16) Cooling system; ; (17) Disconnecting unit.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a methanol tank (16), water recovery tank (18) for water from the fuel cell (14), a tank (20) for aqueous methanol solution, fed with methanol and water to supply a liquid mixture of methanol and water to the reformer (12). A changeover valve (22) located below the water recovery tank permits the bleeding of all the water from the recovery tank and a water line (62).    USE - Fuel cell for use in car.    ADVANTAGE - Especially suitable for installation in a car, prevents water found in the system from freezing and surplus water is processed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer (12) to generate reformed gas containing hydrogen gas from a liquid mixture of methanol and water. The reformed gas is passed to a fuel cell (14) which has an anode electrode (48) and a cathode electrode (50) with an electrolyte (46) lying between them. There is: a methanol tank (16) to accommodate methanol; a water recovery tank(18) for accommodating water which has fallen out from at least the fuel cell; a tank for aqueous methanol solution, fed with methanol and water by metering from the methanol tank and the water recovery tank, supplying a liquid mixture of methanol and water to the reformer; and a changeover valve (22) which is located below the water recovery tank and permits the bleeding of all the water from the recovery tank and a water line (62).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the fuel cell system.    Reformer (12)    Fuel cell (14)    Methanol tank (16)    Water recovery tank (18)    Aqueous methanol solution tank (20)    Changeover valve (22)    Water line (62)
NOVELTY - An isocyanate reaction system with improved capacity for solubilizing a hydrocarbon blowing agent comprises a sucrose-based polyether polyol of hydroxyl number 25-700 and an aromatic amine-based polyol selected from diaminodiphenylmethane-based polyether polyols, toluene diamine-based polyols or their mixtures. The reaction system is free of solubilizing additives.    USE - In the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams for refrigeration appliances, rigid faced panels or hot water heaters.    ADVANTAGE - The polyol blends achieve complete solubility of zero ozone depleting (ODP) hydrocarbon blowing agents with substantially no solubilizing additives.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) A method of producing a polyurethane foam comprising reacting an organic polyisocyanate with the polyfunctional isocyanate-reaction system in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent.    (B) An isocyanate reactive composition with improved capacity for solubilizing hydrocarbon blowing agents comprising:    (a) mixture of sucrose-based and diaminodiphenylmethane-based polyether polyol, low functionality polyol(s);    (b) more than 0.65 wt.% water;    (c) blowing agents; and    (d) catalysts.
NOVELTY - Odor associated with deposits of organic material on carpets or other fibrous material or to the fibers used in its manufacture is controlled by applying a preparation of an activated dormant bacteria. The bacteria is becoming active and digesting the organic material when the dormant bacteria is allowed to become associated with the carpet or other fibrous material.    USE - The invention is used in controlling odor associated with deposits, particularly spills of organic material on carpet for residential and commercial buildings. It is also used in controlling odors in other fibrous materials, such as rugs, upholstery fabrics, automotive fabrics, bedding, clothing, etc. It can be used in controlling odors in hard surfaces, such as ceramics, tile, walls, wood, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The odor control agent applied to the carpet remains effective for extended periods of time even with carpet exposed to high traffic and repeated vacuuming. The presence of the bacterial preparation in association with the carpet fiber and other fibrous material may result in a reduction in the presence of other bacteria and organisms which are naturally found on installed carpet and other fibrous material, both in number and population. It also enhances the anti stain characteristics. The bacteria are capable of becoming active and digesting the organic material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a carpet treated with the prepared dormant bacteria; and    (B) an aqueous odor controlling bacterial composition used in the above method.
NOVELTY - A gas sensor (100) is detachably mounted on a fire sensing unit (200). The fire sensing unit includes a power supply while the gas sensing unit includes a gas sensor, a detector, an adjustment unit and a judgment unit.    USE -   For detecting fire with methane gas or inflammable gas like carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE -   Insertion or removal of gas sensor unit from fire sensing unit is performed reliably without incorrect installing. Generation of toxic substance to an environment is restricted. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal of gas-fire integrated alarm unit. (100) Gas sensor unit; (200) Fire sensing unit.
NOVELTY - Separator plate (10) includes an array of embossments (12) at one end of the plate with another array (14) at the other end. Oxidant gas flowpaths are defined by the undulations membrane electrode assembly (MEA), whereby flow channel lines (24) are interconnected at their ends by depressions (16,18) to provide a complete flow field (21). The fuel flowpaths are on one side of the separator and oxidant flowpaths being on the other side.    USE - For interconnecting, or coupling flow channels together to form flowpaths of flow field within a fuel cell sandwich.    ADVANTAGE - Enables ready creation and economical manufacture of suitable structure for providing flow fields without the need for any external manifolding other than for flowpath end connections.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a PEM-type fuel cell stack, and    (2) the use of hydrogen as a fuel gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic plan view of a simplified separator plate for use in a PEM-type fuel cell stack and provided with an array of embossments and depressions in the vicinity of the axial ends of the plate, and schematically illustrating a reactant flowpath formed thereon by such separator plate in conjunction with a mating undulate MEA layer.    Separator plate (10)    Embossments (12,14)    Depressions (16,18)    Flow field (21)    Flow channel lines (24)
NOVELTY - In the fuel cell stack, the fuel gas passage (6), the oxidizing gas flow passage (7) and the cooling water flow passage (8) are constructed by the combination of a diffuser comprising a conductive porous body or a corrugated plate and an elastic gasket. The number of parts is reduced and operating performance is improved by integrally forming the gasket with the separator.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A cutting operation is not required since the fuel gas passage (6), the oxidizing gas flow passage (7) and the cooling water flow passage (8) are constructed by a combination of a diffuser and an elastic gasket. The number of parts can be reduced. Operating performance is improved, and costs are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell stack includes fuel cells having an electrode arranged on both sides of the solid electrolyte and separators, each of which comprises a gas-impermeable, dense conductive plate and gasket. The fuel cells are laminated to form a stack between current collectors.    Any one of the fuel gas passage (6), the oxidizing gas flow passage (7) and the cooling water flow passage (8) is provided on the side surface of the fuel cell and/or separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell stack in accordance with the invention.    Fuel cell (1)    Separator (2)    Fuel gas flow passage (6)    Oxidizing agent gas flow passage (7)    Cooling water flow passage (8)    Current collecting plate (9)    Insulating plate (11)    End plate (12)
NOVELTY - Naphtha gas is produced by obtaining a mixed gas stream comprising methane and carbon dioxide, producing a methane gas stream and a hydrogen-bearing stream from a portion of the mixed gas stream, and mixing another portion of the mixed gas stream with the methane gas and hydrogen-bearing streams to produce the naphtha gas.    USE - Used as fuel in devices, e.g. power generators, heaters, and steam boilers.    ADVANTAGE - The method is capable of converting landfill gas directly into naphtha gas, thus providing an abundant and renewable energy source. It produces different gas streams which may be used as fuel for several heating components of the system, which in turn, reduces the per unit cost of the process. Less fuel is imported from outside of the system, so operating costs of the system is minimized. The combination of a methane purification system with a hydrogen reformer allows the efficient and economical transformation of landfill gas to naphtha gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a system for the production of a naphtha gas stream from a landfill gas stream, comprising a landfill gas purification system to remove water and contaminants from the landfill gas stream, a methane separation system to separate methane from the landfill gas stream to produce a methane gas stream, a methane conversion system to convert the methane gas stream to a hydrogen-bearing stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and a mixer to mix portions of the purified landfill gas stream, the methane gas stream, and the hydrogen-bearing stream to produce a naphtha gas stream.
NOVELTY - Use of a biodegradable support impregnated with saprophytic bacteria for treating polluted effluents and/or for maintenance of sewage pipe systems.    USE - Especially as bioactive toilet paper.    ADVANTAGE - Supports such as toilet paper impregnated with a selected combination of bacterial strains provide for biodegradation of the support, cleaning and maintenance of sewer pipe systems used to evacuate polluted effluents, and depollution of the polluted waste at effluent treatment sites.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Biological means for purification of polluted effluents and/or for the maintenance of sewer pipe systems for evacuating these polluted effluents, comprises at least a biodegradable support impregnated with a system of saprophytic bacteria which preferably belong to at least one of the species Bacillus subtilis, Rhodococcus rubica, Rhodococcus rubra, Pseudomonas putida or Pseudomonas putrefaciens.
NOVELTY - An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition consisting essentially of, by weight, (81 -37)% of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC 236ca) and about 19 - 63% of n-butane (R 600). The vapor pressure of the composition at 25 degreesC, is 51.0 - 51.8 psia, and it changes by less than about 10 percent after 50% of the composition has been evaporated at about 25 degreesC.    USE - The compositions are useful as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and containing a pigment compound on the transparent disc substrate polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (1) a process for producing refrigeration by condensing the above composition in the vicinity of the body to be cooled, and thereafter evaporating the composition;    (2) a process for producing heat as (1)    (3) a process of preparing a thermoset or thermoplastic foam by foaming a mixture of the composition and a thermoset or thermoplastic material; and    (4) a process for cleaning a solid surface by treating the surface with the above composition.
NOVELTY - Invention relates to manure processing in cattle-breeding farms treatment of flows at moisture 97-99%, production biogas and fertilizers.    USE - Agriculture.    ADVANTAGE - Improved method of treatment, enhanced effectiveness of process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method involves preliminary removing rough-dispersed inclusions and then flows are subjected for preliminary treatment in aerotank where methane-tank is assembled which ferments an active silt after preliminary and two-stage aerobic treatment. Temperature regime in methane-tank is maintained due to aerotank heat at the stage of preliminary treatment. Method ensures treatment of flows, producing fertilizers, biogas and relatively pure water and fermentation of an active silt in methane-tank without energy consumption.
NOVELTY - Waste is preliminarily sorted and separated, then ground on ball mill in water medium to form pulp. The pulp is pumped into a continuous biogas generator. Resultant biogas and sludge are separated and sludge is populated by vermiculture. Simultaneously produced are effective fertilizer, biogas, and protein.    USE - Waste disposal.    ADVANTAGE - Achieved complete utilization of waste with minimal energetic and operational expenses.
NOVELTY - Method for vermirecultivation of sludge reservoirs and soils involves laying solid nontoxic wastes and introducing vermicompost and/or vermicompost with inoculated oil-oxidizing microorganism strain.    USE - Agriculture and in particular for soil technology. Method may be used in mining works, petroleum extraction, transportation, reprocessing and utilization of petroleum and petroleum products.    ADVANTAGE - Wider operational capabilities and improved environment control.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method for vermirecultivation of sludge reservoirs and soils involves laying solid nontoxic wastes and spilling peat and/or ground on reservoir bottom, leveling ground surface; introducing vermicompost and/or vermicompost with inoculated oil-oxidizing microorganism strain, or microorganism association in an amount of 100-300 g/ m squared (dry weight), depending on soil contamination extent; sowing seeds and/or planting plant cuttings.
(KR99007756-A)   NOVELTY - A mixed microbial population for degrading fecal material selected from animal and human excreta has all characteristics of JSB 98.0 deposited under KCTC 0524BP and comprises Cornybacterium glutamicum HO777, Micrococcus kristinae HO788, Paracoccus denitrificans HO779, Cornybacterium glutamicum HO780 and Bacillus mycoides HO78.    USE - The mixed microbial population is useful for biologically degrading fecal material contained in aqueous medium by degrading the fecal material when brought in contact with the microbial population. The microbial material deodorizes or eliminates the offensive odors contained in the fecal material and places containing the fecal material. The deodorized material is suitable as liquid manure for plants.    ADVANTAGE - The mixed microbial population has powerful ability to degrade and deodorize livestock and poultry waste materials, including human feces.
NOVELTY - Inflammable waste is ground to 30 mm or less and washed with water. The ground material is dispersed underwater for 2 minutes or more at 25 C and dried by dehydration.    USE -   To obtain refuse solid fuel with less chlorine content.    ADVANTAGE -   Garbage and papers are degraded and reused and hence the method is eco-friendly. Water soluble chloride is easily removed and the fuel has less chlorine content and high heating value.
NOVELTY - A carbonization reactor (10) has cylindrical main portion (12). The combustion zone burns organic waste and generates combustible gas into the upper portion of cylinder. A refining zone has a smaller cylinder (24) and carbonizes organic waste. A non-flammable zone performs carbide quenching. Internal diameter of cylinder (24) in refining zone is smaller than internal diameter of cylindrical main portion.    USE -   For carbonizing organic waste such as paper sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat of combustible gas is used efficiently and generation of dioxine is suppressed and carbide is quenched in the non-flammable zone and therefore need for fire extinguisher is avoided. Thereby the structure of the carbonization reactor is simplified and reduces cost of reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the carbonization reactor. (10) Carbonization reactor; (12) Cylindrical main portion; (24) Smaller cylinder.
NOVELTY - Fermented fertilizer raw materials such as compost or manure are added with a fermentation promoting agent, that comprises porous material adsorbed with photosynthetic bacterial culture solution, acetate compounds and propionate and fermentation fertilizer is obtained.    USE -   As a fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   Fermentation of compost and manure is promoted. The fertilization effect is raised. The mature fermented fertilizer can be manufactured with stability. Deodorizing the wastes of raw material and generation of flies is prevented. Also a secondary effect of improving environment is also achieved.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse used as raw material for manure manufacture is dried to reduce its moisture content to 10-40 wt% and added with zeolite so that it is 2-10 wt% of dried organic refuse. The refuse is then fermented under predetermined conditions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manure manufacturing apparatus which consists of dryer (2) to dry the organic refuse, a zeolite adding unit (6) for adding zeolite and a fermenter (4) for fermenting the components.    USE -   The method is useful for carrying out processing of organic wastes generated from kitchens.    ADVANTAGE -   A fertilizer is efficiently manufactured from an organic refuse without any offensive odor which may be hazardous to public. Since microorganism is used for fermentation, manure is efficiently manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of the manure. (2) Dryer; (4) Fermenter; (6) Zeolite adding unit.
NOVELTY - A compost containing pallet (P) conveyed by a conveyor (3) is lifted using a lifter (5), for inversion by inversion mechanism. A hopper (37) guides the compost from the pallet to an another empty pallet. A hydrolysis apparatus (41) is provided to the upper portion of empty pallet at the side of the hopper.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The conveyor is an endless conveyor whose corner portion consists of a direction conversion machine that makes the pallet advance direction fixed specific particle size of compost are selected and crushed for usage.    USE -   The compost crusher is useful for organic waste of agriculture, livestock, foodstuffs, industry, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Automatic inversion mechanism is provided so that the crusher operates efficiently. Scattering of the dust is prevented by isolating the crusher and hence the environment is clean. The automatic crusher does not need more space. As hydrolysis apparatus is provided water is supplied according to the necessity. As conveyor is an endless conveyor, batches of pallet can be conveyed once and hence handling is easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational view of composed crusher. (3) Conveyor; ; (5) Lifter; ; (37) Hopper; ; (41) Hydrolysis apparatus; ; (P) Pallet.
NOVELTY - Organic waste is decomposed by fermentation in a top opening type fermenter (2) within a building (1) with a space (6) in between them. Inclined ceiling surface (7) of the building, prevents the flow of evaporated water component into the fermenter. The water component adhering on the ceiling surface is transferred to the wall surface and is collected in the space.    USE -   For decomposing organic wastes such as in sewage sludge, foodstuff sludge and chemical plant sludge, garbage, livestock excretions, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The decomposer restrains the generation of offensive odor component. The flow of condensed water into the fermenter is reduced and the organic waste is decomposed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of organic waste decomposer. (1) Building; (2) Fermenter; (6) Space; (7) Inclined ceiling of the building.
NOVELTY - The supernatant of the organic waste water is contacted with sludge containing humus, for pre-processing, by which the bad odor is removed. After pre-processing the waste water is subjected to biological treatment process and sludge disposal process.    USE -   The method is useful for treating organic waste water.    ADVANTAGE -   The odor of the waste water is effectively removed by the pre-processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of organic waste water processing.
NOVELTY - A biotreatment tank (1) of vertical cylindrical shape is rotatably attached to a frame (8). The stir paddle (15) is rotatably attached to the frame. The stir paddle in connection with rotation of tank covers the whole space in the tank.    USE -   For processing organic refuse generated at kitchen, dining room, restaurant, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The stirring efficiency of organic refuse in the biotreatment tank is good, and stirs the whole organic refuse uniformly. Since the stir mechanism is simple, manufacturing cost is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of processing apparatus. (1) Biotreatment treatment; (8) Frame; (1) Stir paddle.
NOVELTY - Organic waste from an anoxia tank (8) is soured in anaerobic fermenter (10) by methane fermentation. The resulting digested sludge (12) is dehydrated in a dehydrator (13). Resulting supernatant liquid (15) containing ammonia is removed while the bottom supernatant liquid is nitrified in a nitrification tank. A part of digested liquid (17) is returned to anoxia tank for denitrification by microorganism.    USE -   For removing ammonia during anaerobic fermentation of organic waste such as faeces, urine, sewage sludge and livestock manure.    ADVANTAGE -   Since ammonia is removed sequentially from the anaerobic fermenter, inhibition of fermentation is prevented. Efficiency of methane fermentation is improved and BOD source need not be separately added.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of an apparatus for anaerobic fermentation of organic waste. (8) Anoxia tank; (10) Anaerobic fermenter; (12) Digested sludge; (13) Dehydrator; (15) Supernatant liquid; (17) Digested liquid.
NOVELTY - The solid organic waste such as refuse are crushed and subjected to liquid aggregation dehydration process by adding coagulant (11) having phosphorus aggregation effect. The solid material (12) containing phosphorus is separated from supernatant liquor (13) and are fermented under aerobic and anaerobic conditions respectively. The biogas (15) and the compost (14) obtained were recovered.    USE -   The processing method is useful for obtaining biogas and compost from the organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation can be carried out efficiently due to the liquification and crushing of the organic waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart explaining the processing method of organic waste. (11) Coagulant; ; (12) Solid substance; ; (13) Supernatant liquor; ; (14) Compost; ; (15) Biogas.
NOVELTY - Removal of residue in the organic waste is performed by primary and secondary residue removal units and inorganic substances such as sand and an infusible fibrous compound are removed and the processed sludge is directed to solubilization process. Finally, anaerobic fermentation of the organic waste is performed.    USE -   For fermentation of livestock manure and sludge from purification tank.    ADVANTAGE -   Solubilization efficiency of the organic waste is increased thereby increasing the fermentation efficiency of the organic waste. Clogging of the residue removal unit is prevented as oil components in the waste are dissolved and removed by addition of an alkali.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure depicts diagram explaining fermentation process of organic waste.
NOVELTY - Composite plastic waste is gasified at a predetermined temperature for predetermined time so as to melt or soften most of the plastic. The plastic materials are thereby separated from metal or other supports/frames. The separated plastics are processed and recycled.    USE -   For plastics wastes such as discarded electrical appliances.    ADVANTAGE -   By partial gasification, plastic materials are softened and are easily separated from other materials with comparatively small amount of energy. Plastics can be thereby easily recovered and recycled.
NOVELTY - A combustor (6) burns the unused hydrogen ejected from a modifier (3). Pipelines (9e,9f) eject the waste gas from the combustor, externally. Heat exchangers (12,13) are arranged between waste gas pipelines and modifier pipeline (16).    USE -   For fuel battery systems using methanol as fuel.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents condensation of water on fuel gas feed pipe. Facilitates stable supply of fuel gas without interruption during start up or run, thereby facilitating continuous power generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows schematic diagram of the battery system. (3) Modifier; (6) Combustor; (9e,9f) Pipelines; (12,13) Heat exchangers; (16) Modifier pipeline.
NOVELTY - Relatively wet peat is mixed with relatively dry material such as limestone by placing the peat and limestone on an upwardly inclined conveyor (4) composed of transverse bars (5) moving towards a tumbling plate (10) extending across the conveyor against which the wet and dry material are tumbled in direction D for blending. Rocks pass through a gap (12) under the spring-biassed plate (4) which moves in direction B. The blended material passes down through gaps between the bars (5) and a grading screen (23) into a hopper (25).    USE - For producing peat blends for mushroom cultivation.    ADVANTAGE - Peats of differing moisture content do not necessarily have to be dried to be consistently and homogeneously blended with dry material (limestone), so that nutrients are not lost and energy is saved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the apparatus    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a partly cutaway plan view of the apparatus.    conveyor (4)    tumbling plate (10)    grading screen (23)    hopper (25)
NOVELTY - In a process to produce a soil humus additive, sludge from waste water treatment and hay are mixed, chopped up and are placed on a compost heap where they are allowed to oxidize exposed to the weather.    USE - The process is used to make soil-enhancing humus material with a predetermined structure.    ADVANTAGE - The process operates without the use of animal-dependent wastes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Following completion of the process, the resulting material is mixed with a second batch of material comprising chopped bark, clippings and plants, not more than one year old, sludge and other waste organic material. Prior to mixing with the second batch of material, the original material is subjected to a first-phase biochemical phase at 60-70degreesC. The two batches of material are then mixed in the appropriate ratio, forming a suitable soil quality enhancing humus material.
NOVELTY - In a two-stage thermophilic-mesophilic process to render biological and kitchen catering waste suitable for disposal, quantities of the waste are mixed with water, creating a suspension which may be both pumped and mixed.    USE - The process is used to treat biological and kitchen catering wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The process operation can be adapted to meet changing volumes, types and intervals of wastes for treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A charge from the suspension is surrendered to a thermophilic fermentation reactor (5) operating at approximately 55degreesC, with a median residence time of five days. This charge is then transferred to a mesophilic reactor (6) in which it is treated at approximately 35degreesC, with a median residence time three times greater than in the thermophilic reactor (5). The treated suspension is then removed from the reactor (6) and de-watered (7) to obtain the residual product and filtrate. During the fermentation processes (5, 6), the product gas is continually drawn off and used in thermal processes. During operation of the thermophilic reactor (5), periodic hygiene intervals are maintained of 12 hours duration, during which time the re actor receives no fresh material, and material is not drawn from the reactor. Following the hygiene interval, enough suspension is drawn from the thermophilic reactor (5) to maintain operation of the mesophilic reactor (6) until the next supply to the reactor (6). After the mesophilic reactor (5) has been charged, a fresh supply of suspension is released to the thermophilic reactor (5). The quantity of treated suspension released from the mesophilic reactor (6) is controlled to create adequate free capacity for receipt of the next charge from the thermophilic reactor (5).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow chart for the waste treatment process.
Azeotropic mixture refrigerant consists of tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) 80-95% and butane 5-20%, and has zero ODP and GWP lower than that of HFC134a. At its optimal composition with 90% of HFC134a, the mixture refrigerant is a kind of azeotropic mixture with standard boiling point of -27 C It is non-toxic, non-inflammable and high in safety. It may be dissolved in mineral oil to form refrigerant system capable of replacing available HFC134a + polyester refrigerant system in reduced production cost, simplified control process and raised system reliability.
NOVELTY - The microbiological comprehensive engineering technology scheme involves applying microbiological fertilizer as a main fertilizer component, fermented straw fertilizer, fermented organic refuse fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the amount of 20% of the traditional applied amount which reaches the amount in accordance with the stipulation of Grains as Agriculture Organization of UN simultaneously.    USE -   Widely suitable way for developing green agriculture.    ADVANTAGE -   The scheme not only can result in obvious fertilizer effect and reasonable cost, but also can restore and strengthen soil fertility and primitive ecological status of soil suitable for producing pollutionless agriculture products.
NOVELTY - The molecular sieve adsorbent for gas purification comprises a sodium form of low-silica faujasite having a silica:alumina ratio of 1.8-2.2 with a residual content of potassium ions of less than 8% (equiv.); and a binder.    USE - For the purification of air, nitrogen, hydrogen, and natural gas streams.    ADVANTAGE - The adsorbent has improved adsorption capabilities which do not exhibit the limitations of the earlier products. It provides a high level of carbon dioxide and water vapor adsorption for gas purification. It allows the effective adsorption of carbon dioxide at ambient temperatures and low partial pressures of carbon dioxide that reduces operation and capital costs in air pre-purification and inorganic gas manufacturing. It has improved kinetics and dynamics of adsorption for Temperature Swing Adsorption processes and Pressure Swing Adsorption processes, and an aggregate of the processes. It allows gas purification units in one bed without the supplemental use of desiccants, e.g. silica gel, activated alumina, molecular sieves 3A, 4A, etc. It provides reliable and effluent technology for adsorbent preparation and manufacturing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a molecular sieve adsorbent, comprising preparing a sodium form of a low-silica faujasite, blending the resultant product with a binder, forming the blended product into a shaped article and drying and calcining the article to produce the adsorbent product.
NOVELTY - Method includes drilling-in coal bed, well casing, grouting of annular space, perforation of casing and hydraulic fracturing of formation to form system of fractures.    USE - Mining industry; may be used in methane withdrawal from cold beds.    ADVANTAGE - Fuller withdrawal of methane from coal beds.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method includes drilling-in coal bed, well casing, grouting of annular space, perforation of casing and hydraulic fracturing of formation to form system of fractures. Then provision is made of conditions of self-emission of methane from coal bed and its withdrawal. After ceasing of methane self-emission, injected into coal bed is substance with sorption ability higher than that of methane, for instance, carbon dioxide gas in volume determined by mathematical expression taking into account of lengths of fractures formed by hydraulic fracturing, coal bed thickness, coal bed filtering porosity, temperature of injected substance and its pressure, and initial temperature of bed; holding of this substance up to ceasing of methane desorption from coal and then methane is withdrawn from one of wells.
NOVELTY - Bottom-hole zone treatment comprises (mass %): 30-45 % solution isopropyl alcohol of salts of 10-16C primary amines and concentrate of low-molecular acids (0.05-0.5), polyglycols containing: heavy hydrocarbons at least12C (1-2), water (0.9-1), mechanical impurities (0.01-0.03); 8-14 % water solution of muriatic acid - the balance.    USE - Oil and gas production industry.    ADVANTAGE - Compound ensures increased efficiency of treating bottom-hole zone of well created by quartz-bearing rock materials.
NOVELTY - The organic waste in which carbon to nitrogen ratio and water component was adjusted is fermented under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Subsequently the compost obtained is ripened. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the compost manufacturing system which comprises conveyor (3) for organic waste, a primary fermentation chamber (1), a partition and ripening chamber.    USE -   For manufacturing compost from organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Good quality compost without bad smell is obtained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of compost manufacturing system from organic waste. (3) Conveyor; ; (1) Primary fermentation chamber; ; (9) Secondary fermentation chamber; ; (11) Ripening chamber; ; (15) Deodorant chamber; ; (45) Inversion cutting back apparatus.
NOVELTY - The compost material accommodated in a container is fermented under anaerobic condition in a first fermentation area. The container is subsequently moved to second fermentation area which is ventilated with outer air. The turning over of crude compost to the first fermentating area is performed after completion of fermentation by a turning over units. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The compost material is accommodated in an air permeable container in the first fermentation area where the excess water content is removed. The carbon dioxide concentration and temperature are increased and the anaerobic fermentation is progressed. The container is moved to the second fermentation area where air is supplied. After completion of fermentation maturing period, the fine and crude composts are separated and the crude compost is mixed to the compost material in the first fermentation area. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for compost manufacturing apparatus that has the air sealed container accommodating the compost. A water removal unit removes water and an air circulation unit supplies air through water removal unit. A classifier separates the compost coming from the second fermentation area into the fine and crude. A rotator arranged in the hopper is equipped with turning over units.    USE -   For manufacture of compost from organic refuses.    ADVANTAGE -   During turning over since the compost is divided and separated, large area is not necessary. Since the container is air permeable, the fermentation is influenced by the atmosphere satisfactorily. Aerobic fermentation can be conjointly advanced satisfactorily with the turning over of the compost material. Thus, the time required for mature is shortened. A quality matured compost is obtained. Since the compost is classified with classifier, the lump formation with crude compost can be prevented.
NOVELTY - Multiple stage treatment tanks (1-5) and a emission tank (6) which is linked to last stage of treatment tank are embedded under the ground. The raw material fed to treatment tank by axial flow is conveyed to rest of tank in a cyclic manner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An axial flow feed spindle (7) which can be rotated is configured coaxially on the circumference of treatment tank is provided independently to each treatment tank. Stirring of raw material is carried out by the spindle (7a). The compost from emission tank is discharged by axial discharging mechanism by using spiral vanes placed coaxially to emission tank. An airflow line linked to external air supply source is provided to compost manufacturing apparatus for blowing air to the bottom of treatment tank. The hot air is supplied through a jacket coated with heat retention material.    USE -   For composting organic refuses used for agricultural applications.    ADVANTAGE -   Since raw material is fed by axial flow mechanism and is conveyed by cyclic mechanism, effective fermentation process with high efficiency can be attained at shorter time. Since air is blown at the bottom of treatment tank, process efficiency is improved. Simple construction, miniaturization of equipment can be attained by using casing for pits. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of compost manufacturing apparatus. Parts list: (1-5) Treatment tanks; (6) Emission tank; (7,7a) Spindles.
NOVELTY - The fermentation container has a drain opening for removing water from the lower portions, a rotor, a switching damper for supplying air and plates with holes for supply and exhaust of air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The container also has an insertion opening for supply and exit of organic wastes respectively. An inspection port, a condensation unit and sensors for carbon dioxide, ammonia, atmospheric temperatures and fermentation temperatures, are also provided to the container.    USE -   For fermentation of organic wastes from agriculture, foodstuff industries, livestock business, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The installation of switching damper ensures reliable adjustment of oxygen inside the container. The provision of insertion opening, emission outlet and sensors ensure controlled primary and secondary fermentation inside the container. The inspection port ensures easy check of the internal state of the fermented organic wastes inside the container. The installation of condensation unit ensures easy dehumidification of organic wastes inside the container.
NOVELTY - In a precipitate tank (9), solid-liquid separation is performed and ozone treatment of sludge is performed in an ozone reactor (18). A microorganism bed (16) is provided in the flow equalizing tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus consists of a flow equalizing tank (2) which adjusts the flow of waste water and reaction vessel (5) contains microorganisms for purifying organic substance.    USE -   For waste water treatment apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The sludge is made to reside for a longer time in the processing unit and processing by microorganisms is improved. Microorganism mixed liquor and sludge feeding ratio are automatically controlled. Excess sludge generation is minimized. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of waste water treatment unit. (2) Flow equalizing tank; (5) Reaction vessel; (9) Precipitate tank; (16) Microorganism bed; (18) Ozone reactor.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for fermentation of organic waste such as garbage comprises separating membrane (24) installed in a fermenter (23) containing liquid to be fermented. Differential pressure of separation membrane is adjusted and the fermented liquid is filtered according to the amount of undigested substances in the fermentation tank. A delivery tube (26) derives liquid permeated through membrane surface, out of the fermenter.    USE -   For fermenting organic waste such as garbage, faeces, urine.    ADVANTAGE -   Concentration of undigested substances and microorganisms is maintained within the tank and this permits efficient fermentation. The life span of the separation membrane is enhanced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the fermenter used. (23) Fermenter; (24) Separation membrane; (26) Delivery tube.
NOVELTY - Fermentation of organic refuse using microorganism, is new. Organic substance in the organic refuse is fermented by microorganism contained in the soil.    USE -   The method is used for fermenting organic refuse from home and industries by microorganism.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation by aerobic bacteria and zymosis is promoted by the increased deodorization effect of soil layer with organic refuse layer. The effect of activated compound is regenerated.
NOVELTY - Organic refuse (7) is fermented or decomposed by microorganisms and it is heated at 30-60 C in aqueous medium. The base material (6) containing the vegetable origin cellulose is added to the aqueous medium. Subsequently incubation is carried for one day followed by aeration. Water drip and dehydration is carried out if necessary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the base material for garbage disposal.    USE -   For the disposal of garbage from restaurant, homes, medical plants, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic refuses are degraded and composted in a short period of time. The cellulose of vegetable origin has deodorant effect of rice bran, coffee dregs, etc and it removes bad smell of organic refuse during composting. The amendment of the base material is restrained to a minimum extent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus for composing organic refuse using base material. (6) Base material; ; (7) Organic refuse.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse processor sterilizes the organic refuse followed by degradation process involving microorganism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processing method of organic refuse.    USE -   The organic refuse processor is useful for decomposition of organic refuse from home, commercial kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables stable decomposition of organic refuse since exchange of microorganism in degradation is restrained, as sterilization of microorganisms in the organic refuse is carried out. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of organic refuse processor.
NOVELTY - The organic refuse processor crushes and dissolves the organic refuse in water followed by degradation process involving microorganism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processing method of organic refuse.    USE -   For decomposition of organic refuse from home, commercial kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables better decomposition of organic refuse because the refuse is crushed and dissolved which helps the microorganisms to decompose the refuse easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of organic refuse processor.
NOVELTY - The organic raw material is obtained from excess sludge ejected from the activated sludge processing of white water ejected from a wooden fiber board twisting process. Cement and wooden fibers are added to the organic raw materials and fermentation is performed to form a compost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cement and wooden fibers added to organic raw material are obtained from waste flakes obtained during wooden cement plate manufacture.    USE -   For manufacturing compost used as fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE -   Secures quantity of contained air as the raw material mixture obtained from the waste sludge from the wooden fiber board manufacture has an alkalinity suitable for reproduction of a ferment microbe. Enables short period of compost manufacture as the aerobic fermentation is performed smoothly by using the waste of sludge water treatment at the time of wooden fiber board manufacture.
NOVELTY - Aerobic fermentation of wet rough grain particles of organic solid waste is carried by passing oxygen containing gas vertically through air supply nozzle (52) provided in the intermediate portion of fermenter bed and by removing exhaust gases by exhaust port provided below the air supply nozzle. The oxygen containing gas is pressurized between top and bottom walls of the fermentation container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gas containing oxygen is supplied vertically to the wet rough grain particles of organic solid waste filled inside the fermenter continuously for carrying aerobic fermentation of the solid wastes. Air is supplied to the intermediate portion of waste bed (2) of fermenter (1) by air supply nozzle (52) and an exhaust port (111) provided at intermediate portion of waste bed removes exhaust gas without attracting wet particles and hence aerobic fermentation process is carried out. The fermenter bed is dried by the humidity of unsaturated gas of supply and exhaust air. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic solid waste compost apparatus which has air supply nozzle for supplying oxygen containing gas and exhaust gas port for removing exhaust gases are provided below the air supply nozzle. The air supply nozzle is positioned right above the exhaust port with larger space in between exhaust port and air supply nozzle.    USE -   For fermentation of sewage sludge, organic refuse, alkaline dewatered sludge, live stock excrements etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Excellent fermentation activity of fermenter bed can be maintained by maintaining the oxygen concentration in the bed. Fermentation can be carried at low pressure by reducing pressure loss of air supply nozzle. Operating cost, apparatus expenses can be reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow of fermenter for performing compost process of organic waste sludge. (1) Fermenter; (2) Fermenter bed; (13) Exhaust port; (52) Air supply nozzle; (111) Exhaust port.
NOVELTY - The compost fermenter consists of a packed bed of organic solid waste and microorganisms interspersed with a complex lattice structure consisting of inclined surface lattice elements (1) crossed with perpendicular surface elements (8). The inclined surface elements are upright triangular or tetragonal tubes with air supply holes on the base under surface, connected to air supply piping (4).    USE -   For aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The presence of lattice structure prevents the microorganism from falling to the floor surface and ensures smooth fermentation. The volumetric efficiency of tank increases by about 10-30% with the use of inclined surface elements crossed with perpendicular surface elements.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of complex lattice structure used in the compost fermenter. (4) Air supply piping; (8) Perpendicular surface lattice element; (71) Inclined surface lattice element.
NOVELTY - Stirrers consisting of two blades arranged one below the other, are driven by driving shaft. Rotation of blade (32) is traced onto a plane and rotation of blade (33) is traced as whorl shape. The blades are arranged detachably by a bond provided to the stirrer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The stereo multistage fermenter consists of maturing tank at its bottom and an extended radial arm (20) carrying stirrers (30). The stirrers consisting of two blades (32,33) arranged one below the other, are driven by the driving shaft. Multiple driving units (40) are arranged in the arm corresponding to each stirrer and are coupled to the drive shaft of the stirrers detachably.    USE -   For stereo multistage fermentation of organic sludge such as wastes, dewatered sludge, foodstuff residue, organic refuse etc., to be used as fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   Microorganism activity can be maintained efficiently without temperature reduction of sediment and optimum process condition. Maintenance of stirrer is simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial cross-section of fermenter. (20) Radial arm; (30) Stirrers; (32,33) Blades; (40) Driving units.
NOVELTY - The scavenging device (9) has a scavenging pipe (9b) which sends compressed air to a blow-off pipe (9e) through an orifice pipe (9d). Air outlets (9c) are drilled to the blow-off pipes for releasing the compressed air in a fermentation container. A cleaning desorption stopper (50) is set to the end of the blow-off pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Compressed air sent from the blower is passed through a heater pipe to the scavenging pipe. Organic wastes are injected through an opening into the fermentation container which are stirred by stirring blades installed around a stir shaft. The orifice pipe is removably attached to the scavenging pipe.    USE -   In organic waste processing apparatus for organic refuses from homes.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents jamming of air outlet of blow-off pipes as orifice pipe can be removed easily for cleaning. Enables regulation of air supply by exchange orifice pipe for correct fermentation. Simplifies cleaning of scavenging pipe and blow-off pipe as desorption stopper can be detached easily. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial sectional view of the scavenging apparatus. (9) Scavenging device; (9b) Scavenging pipe; (9c) Air outlet; (9d) Orifice pipe; (9e) Blow-off pipe; (50) Cleaning desorption stopper.
NOVELTY - Aeration and/or filtration surface, especially for composting, comprises openings (4) allowing air to be blown in and liquid to be removed. The surface is formed from known hollow decking elements (1) which contain canals (3) connected to the openings on the upper side of the surface. The canals are connected to an air supply or seeped water remover.    USE - Especially for composting of rubbish.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is simple, easily cleaned and allows consistent aeration and seepage removal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the aeration and/or filtration surface:    Decking element (1)    Canals (3)    Openings (4)
NOVELTY - Controller comprises an oxygen supply amount determinator for determining amount of oxygen supplied for partial oxidation reaction and length of time from supply of raw material to occurrence of reforming and partial oxidation reaction and an adjuster adjusts determined amount of oxygen supplied.    USE - A controller for controlling reaction occurring in a reformer for reforming hydrocarbon and reformate fuel into a desired type of fuel with high concentration of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The invention constantly maintains a reformer, that utilizes both a reforming and a partial oxidation reforming reaction, at a temperature required for the reforming reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A controller for a reformer comprises an oxygen supply amount determinator for determining amount of oxygen supplied for partial oxidation reaction based on amount of raw material and on theoretical endothermic and exothermic values for reforming and partial oxidation reaction. Determinator also determines length of time from supply of raw material to occurrence of reforming and partial oxidation reaction and an adjuster adjusts determined amount of oxygen supplied.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of controlling a reformer (2) comprising introducing raw materials and oxygen into the reformer to promote an endothermic reforming reaction and an exothermic partial oxidation reaction in reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a system that includes a reformer connected to a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (1)    Heating portion (3)    Reforming portion (4)    Carbon monoxide oxidation portion (5)    Combustion portion (6)    Vaporizing portion (7)    Pumps (8, 11)    Injector (9)    Air feed portion (10)    Anode (15)
NOVELTY - A return line (61) for returning waste gas (60', 70') to the feed site is located between the feed site (5) and the post-combustion chamber (6). The feed site has a spray for injecting a liquid fuel.    USE - For reforming fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - Heat released absorbed during reforming is utilized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Unit (1) comprises high temperature fuel cells (20), a feed site (5) for a fuel (50), a reformer (4) connected to the feed site, in which fuel is catalytically converted partially into CO and H2O in the presence of H2O and with the introduction of process heat, and a post-combustion chamber (6) connected to exits of the fuel cells (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the unit with high temperature fuel cells.    unit (1)    feed site (5)    post-combustion chamber (6)    high temperature fuel cells (20)    fuel (50)    waste gas (60, 60')    ventilator (62)
NOVELTY - The reformer (4) is arranged in the central hollow chamber (25) and formed so that the heat required for the endothermic reforming process is transferred by radiation from the fuel cells onto the reformer.    USE - For reforming fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - Heat for the reforming reaction is prepared directly from the fuel cell stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Unit has high temperature cells (20) arranged in a central symmetrical stack, a feed site for gaseous or liquid fuel, a reformer (4) in the connection to the feed site, in which fuel is partially converted catalytically into CO and H2 with the introduction of process heat, and a hollow chamber (25) arranged centrally in the along the stack axis over which the fuel is injected into the fuel cells. The reformer (4) is arranged in the central hollow chamber (25) and formed so that the heat required for the endothermic reforming process is transferred by radiation from the fuel cells onto the reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows a section through the unit.    reformer (4)    high temperature cells (22)    hollow chamber (25)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus comprises a reaction segment having a catalyst layer for oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO), means for cooling the catalyst layer on an upstream side and means for heating the catalyst layer on a downstream side.    USE - The apparatus is used for purifying hydrogen for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst can exert sufficient effect to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration stably and constantly even when the use conditions of the apparatus are varied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen purifying apparatus for oxidizing and removing carbon monoxide in a reformed gas containing CO and hydrogen comprises a reaction segment for oxidizing CO, a reformed gas supplying segment for supplying gas to the reaction segment (9) via a reformed gas supply pathway, an oxidant gas supplying pathway, means for cooling (7) the catalyst layer (1) on the upstream side and means for heating (8) the catalyst layer on a downstream side.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the hydrogen purifying apparatus.    Catalyst layer (1)    Reformed gas inlet (2)    Air supply duct (3)    Air flow rate control valve (4)    Cooled water supply duct (5)    Cooled water control valve (6)    Heat exchanger (7)    Heater (8)    Reaction chamber ( or reaction segment) (9)    Reformed gas outlet (10)
NOVELTY - Reformer has a device for feeding fuel gas (5) through the cooling region (9) and the subsequent heating region (11) each counter-currently to the reformate product flowing through the CO shift stage (10) and to the starting mixture flowing through the reformer stage (12).    USE - In steam reforming of methanol in fuel cell vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is compact and mobile.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reformer comprises a reformer stage (12) to convert of a starting mixture (2) into a reformate product using an endothermic reaction; a CO shift stage (10) for converting carbon monoxide contained in the reformate product into carbon dioxide via the CO shift reaction; a catalytic burner unit (3, 8, 9, 11) to produce heat by catalytically burning a fuel gas (5) consisting of a heating region (11) and a cooling region (9) with low catalytic activity; and a device for feeding fuel gas (5) through the cooling region (9) and the subsequent heating region (11) each counter-currently to the reformate product flowing through the CO shift stage (10) and to the starting mixture flowing through the reformer stage (12).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic longitudinal cross-section of the reformer.    reaction chamber (1)    starting mixture (2)    catalytic burner unit (3, 8, 9, 11)    fuel gas (5)    reformer stage (12)
NOVELTY - A moving bed reactor (1), for microbiological degrading processes, has a disk shape standing on its edge to form the inner zone of the reactor, for the microbiological degrading of hazardous matter in eddying suspensions using an external fluid phase circuit.    USE - The reactor is for the degrading of hazardous matter, using microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor gives a selective settling or floating action to the carrier materials, without dislodging the microorganism colonies.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic side view of the reactor assembly:    reactor (1)    upper and lower curved ends of the reactor (2a,2b)    dividing wall (3)    inlets for the fluid phase (4-6)    fluid phase control valves (13)
An efficient organic biofertilizer is prepared from organic substances including peat and leftovers of agricultural and subsidiary products, deodoring agent, promoter, stabilizer, synergistic agent, ecological bacteria including azotobacterium, phosphorus bacterium and silicate bacterium, and nutrition conditioner. It features use of wastes and cyclic use of resource.
An efficient compound biofertilizer contains the mixed bacteria of 6 yeasts, azotobacterium, phosphorus bacterium, potassium bacterium and cellulolytic bacillus, the mixed bacteria ofcereous bacillus and rice bacillus, organic substance, inorganic substance and the complex of normal and trace elements in portion ratio of (10-20) : (5-10) : (325-700): (255-660) : (10-20).    USE -   The compound can serve to increase the quick-acting nutrients in soil and yield of crops by 10-30%.
A wet granulating process for preparing granular manure from human excrement and animal's dung includes fermenting, removing impurities, regulating water content to 50-70 wt.%, adding deodoring agent, stirring for 1-2 hour for deodoring, granulating and drying. It is possible to add adhesive before granulating step.
NOVELTY - Improving the liquid droplets spraying from a spray device onto a surface by imparting a unipolar charge to the droplets by double layer charging during spraying. The charge level gives the droplets specified charge to mass ratio.    USE - As disinfectants, paints, antiperspirants, deodorants and insecticides in industrial, institutional and domestic situations. The surface to be treated may be a sink, shower, toilet, wash basin, chair leg, handle of door, cupboard or refrigerator or part of the human body or plant.    ADVANTAGE - The droplets target (partly) obscured surfaces. The spray device is self-contained and the operation is more manageable by eliminating difficult to access bacteria on the substrate. No coalescence of the droplets occurs and a more even coverage of the surface is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Improving the liquid droplets spraying from a spray device onto a surface by imparting a unipolar charge to the droplets by double layer charging during spraying. The unipolar charge is at such a level to give at least +/- 1 x 10-4 C/kg mass ratio to the droplets. The charged droplets are mutually repelled with an increased spread from a central spray line which extends from the spray head.
NOVELTY - System for anaerobic treatment of fluid organic material comprises a gas conduit with a shutoff device which is a pressure-controlled pressure-equalizing device having a delay element that controls the closure; and which opens without being supplied with external power at a given pressure difference between the fermentation and displacement tanks, and closes with a given time delay.    USE - The invention is used for anaerobic treatment of fluid organic material, particularly waste generating methane.    ADVANTAGE - The invented system are cost-effective and easy to manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - System for anaerobic treatment of fluid organic material (M), particularly waste generating methane comprises a fermentation tank (1), a displacement tank (2) connected with a gas storage tank (3), and a gas conduit (6) connecting an upper portion of the fermentation tank with an upper portion of the displacement tank. The gas conduit has a normally closed shutoff device that opens for equalizing the pressure difference between the fermentation tank and the displacement tank. The shutoff device is a pressure-controlled pressure-equalizing device (7) having a delay element for controlling the closure, and which opens without being supplied with external power at a given pressure difference between the fermentation tank and displacement tank, and subsequently closes with a given time delay.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a side view of an embodiment of a small biogas system according to the invention.    Fermentation tank (1)    Displacement tank (2)    Gas storage tank (3)    Gas conduit (6)    Pressure-equalizing device (7)
NOVELTY - A method of improving the yield of birds in poultry farms by treating the litter and organic waste produced with an antibacterial composition comprising enzymes and beneficial bacteria, is new. The composition contains enzymes and bacteria which digest the litter and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria (especially Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter) by competitive exclusion.    USE - The method is used for improving poultry yields from poultry farms by preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria (especially Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter) and reducing the levels of poultry litter that accumulate.    ADVANTAGE - The composition used prevents growth of pathogenic bacteria by competitive exclusion, therefore improving the health of the birds. It also breaks down litter reducing the amount of cleaning that is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for improving the yield of poultry (in direct contact with litter) in a poultry house comprising treating the litter in the poultry house with a dry composition comprising one or more bacteria, which are nonpathogenic to poultry, and one or more enzymes capable of breaking down the manure for digestion by the nonpathogenic bacteria. The composition also comprises a carrier for the enzymes and bacteria. The composition is activated by moisture in the poultry droppings which cause rapid growth of the nonpathogenic bacteria (therefore depriving pathogens of an opportunistic/favorable environment).
NOVELTY - The silo contains a number of desecrate levels (42), a central vertical air extraction column (54) with air extraction tube (56) at each of the desecrate levels. The central column has a separation wall (58) forming a separate section (60) which coordinates with each level. An air inlet piping (68) provides a controlled source of air to each level. The inlet piping is circular and arranged about the inner circumference of the silo. The silo also has oxygen, temp. and moisture monitors.    USE - For decontaminating and composting sludge material from municipal waste water treatment facility.    ADVANTAGE - Sewage sludge and herbaceous material can be combined and composted in the silo. The decomposition to an environmentally acceptable level takes place in a relatively short period of time. The process is economically efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxygen content at each level may be measured independently by pulling air through the extraction tube at each level and supplying the air to the oxygen monitor controlled by computer system. The air flows from the openings in the air inlet piping downwards towards vertical column (54) through the herbaceous material and sludge mixture. The air flow to each level is controlled by valves (72) on piping (68).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross sectional view of the vertical silo    Desecrate levels (42)    Air extraction column (54)    Air extraction tubing(58) Separation walls (56)    Separate sections (60)    Air inlet piping (68)    Valves (72)
NOVELTY - A process for treating gas streams containing hydrogen, light and medium hydrocarbons includes a step for removing 5-8C hydrocarbons by using a gas-separation membrane.    USE - For conditioning gas streams containing hydrogen and hydrocarbons for separation by pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Such streams are generated during refinery and petrochemical plant operations.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane protects the adsorption system from exposure to heavier hydrocarbons, meaning that regeneration of the adsorption bed is not required. The membranes can handle a diversity of stream types. The hydrocarbon stream passes through the membrane at high speed, so that it does not require recompression prior to the adsorption stage. The materials used to produce the membranes are low in cost, and preparation is easy and inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for treating a gas stream containing hydrogen, lower and medium hydrocarbons comprises:    (a) removing 5-8C hydrocarbons in a membrane unit (2); and    (b) separating the hydrogen/methane stream by a passing the residue stream (104) to and adsorption unit (105).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a schematic embodiment of the invention.    Feed stream (101)    Membrane unit (102)    5-8C hydrocarbon exit stream (103)    Residue stream (104)    Adsorption stage (105)    Hydrogen exit stream (106)    Light hydrocarbon exit stream (107)
NOVELTY - Composition forming at least one constructed microbial mat comprises slime-producing cyanobacteria, purple autotrophic bacteria, an organic nutrient substrate and clay.    USE - The composition can be used for environmental remediation and energy conversion. They can be used to treat polluted or contaminated sites removing or containing the contaminating materials in the environment and synthesizing beneficial compounds. Hazardous materials can be converted into small molecules such as carbon dioxide and water or sequestered into a more easily and safely manipulated form. The composition, which forms microbial mats comprising the bacteria and substrate held together in a layered structure by slime, can be used to decontaminate polluted sites, e.g. soil, water or air, or polluted materials, e.g. landfill leachate or materials contaminated with metals, radionuclides or organic chemicals, or in bioreactors for energy conversion or for the production of beneficial substances.    ADVANTAGE - The composition and mats can be installed within a contaminated or polluted site without the need of expensive structures and can be applied to a wide variety of environments. The bioremediation system not only removes or stabilizes the contaminated wastes but is able to convert them into beneficial products e.g. energy sources and growth promoters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming a constructed microbial mat which comprises combining slime-producing cyanobacteria, purple autotrophic bacteria, an organic nutrient substrate and clay to initiate formation of at least one constructed microbial mat.
NOVELTY - A polyester fiber is subjected to pile-raising process and cation process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the water treatment method using microorganism fixed support.    USE -   The micro-organism fixed support is useful for biological treatment of water.    ADVANTAGE -   The fiber has high concentration of microorganisms. The processing time required for the treatment of water is reduced. s
NOVELTY - A microorganism culture medium (I) containing edible or dried fruits extract and extract of plants belonging to the family of Myrtaceae, ginkgo, Leguminosae or grass, is new. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:(i) a growth promotion solution formed by diluting (I) with water or an aqueous medium; (ii) formation of materials for garbage disposals which includes immersing the materials consisting of plant cellulose, in a microbiological growth promoting solution and processing it; (iii) manufacture of culture medium for cultivating mushrooms which involves immersing a raw material of plant cellulose in the growth promotion solution of the mycelium of mushroom and leaving it in the solution for a predetermined time; and (iv) culture medium for mushroom cultivation.    USE -   The microbiological growth promoting solution formed the novel culture medium is used for obtaining materials for garbage disposal. The culture medium for mushroom cultivation is used for cultivating mushrooms which involves inoculating and maintaining an edible mushroom mycelium in the culture medium.    ADVANTAGE -   The culture medium promotes the mycelium of mushrooms and other useful soil microbes efficiently. The breeding environment of a microorganism used in waste processing is improved. It is used to manufacture Araricus blazei Murill extract, which is difficult to culture by conventional methods.
NOVELTY - The organic waste introduced into a container is abraded in a hollow structure with stirring blade by stirring. The organic waste is processed with microorganism and removed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for decomposition processing of organic waste. The organic waste is stirred with the stirring blade (4) by supplying air from many radial midair branch vane (4a). The air is supplied from an air supply duct, the temperature or humidity of the supplied air is adjusted, the organic waste is decomposed by aerobic thermophilic bacteria within an airtight casing (1).    USE -   The apparatus containing filler is used for decomposition processing of organic wastes such as marine product residue, sewage sludge, organic industrial waste etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The apparatus for decomposing organic wastes is used for long period of time continuously with organic waste decomposition in a short period of time. The residue after decomposition is disposed easily and inexpensively by suction removal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows A-A sectional drawing of organic wastes decomposition processing apparatus. (1) Airtight casing; (2) Organic waste insertion opening; (4) Stirring blade; (4a) Midair branch vane.
NOVELTY - The organic waste supplied to the carbonization process reactor from the feed hopper which is provided to one end of upper side of cylindrical object is heated, stirred and transferred to the exhaust outlet of other end. Heat drying is carried out in front stage heat cylinder circle after which heat carbonization is carried out in latter section of circles.    USE -   For carrying out carbonization of straw garbage, hen dropping, coffee beans, soybean slag, vegetable waste, plant waste, etc and for cutting grass of golf course, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic waste is baked and processed by heating and optimum product can be obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross sectional outline of organic waste water processing apparatus.
NOVELTY - A carbonization reactor (20) precipitates harmful component of waste from a heat processing reactor (10) and performs volume reduction. The processed object from the carbonization reactor is ejected into a dissolver where a dehydration unit separates solid and liquid. The solid is dried by a drying unit which utilizes hot gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas after using is recycled for preheating of a waste containing harmful agents. The waste is introduced to a cylinder (11) through a feed hopper (13). Periphery of the cylinder is provided with heating tube (12) which uses the recycle hot gas from the drying unit. The dried waste is charged into the processing reactor.    USE -   For processing waste such as domestic waste, industrial waste, shredder dust containing harmful components such as halogen substance and sulfide.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces cost due to recovery of metal and carbide from the carbonization reactor. Makes effective usage of heat energy by recycling used hot gas from the drying unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the waste processing apparatus. (10) Heat processing reactor; (11) Cylinder; (12) Heating tube; (13) Feed hopper; (20) Carbonization reactor.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a reduction chamber with two doors, for waste inlet and for processed waste outlet, respectively. The two doors are so comprised that a simultaneous opening of the two doors is not possible. Thus the filling with oxygen from atmospheric air before filling with nitrogen in the reduction chamber is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the carbonizing method of inflammable waste.    USE -   Used for thermolysis carbonization processing of inflammable waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Does not cause public hazard, by preventing release of harmful substance. Enables utilizing charcoal ejected from the apparatus as water purifier and for improvement of soil etc.
NOVELTY - A recycling method comprising a step for mixing organic waste containing solid materials such as kitchen refuse, food waste etc. and dehydrated matter obtained by dehydrating slurry state organic waste such as excrement, digestion tank sludge etc.; a primary crushing step for crushing the mixture to pieces smaller than predetermined size; a secondary crushing step for crushing to a fine grain state under a high pressure by using a compression crushing machine, a step for removing unsuitable substances for a fermenting process and a step for sending the remaining substances to an anaerobic fermentation process.    USE -   The method is suitable for collecting useful substances by processing organic waste such as excrement, digestion tank sludge, sludge, agro-waste, cattle excreta, kitchen refuse food waste etc..    ADVANTAGE -   Organic waste with different properties can be processed as a batch while improving fermentation efficiency.
NOVELTY - A fermenter comprises an outer member (2) as a container for receiving shellfish sludge splinters formed from shellfish sludge collected from seawater mixed with fermentation fungi, a closing door (15) formed on the outer member, inlet/outlet openings (9) used for exchanging gas generated in the container and external gas and gap forming units for generating multiple gaps between the shellfish sludge splinters.    USE -   The fermenter is used for producing fertiliser by fermenting shellfish sludges attached to quay walls for a seawater intake, where the seawater is used as e.g. cooling water in a power plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Processing of the sludges may be performed efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fermenter. (1) Fermenter; (2) Outer member; (3) Gap forming unit; (9) Inlet and exhaust port; (15) Closing door.
NOVELTY - The system sorts out the waste, with waste like metal, glass, and plastics being cleaned and sent to be recycled, while the decayable waste is composted and sent to the agricultural sector. The combustible waste, like wood, paper, cartons or non-recyclable plastics are transformed into a solid fuel after which they are combusted to provide energy, e.g. electricity. The toxic fumes are filtered and treated to reduce pollution. The non-recyclable products of this combustion is introduced into a vitrification oven and made into glass balls used for landscaping.    USE - Used for generating electricity from industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - Provides energy from waste in a non-polluting manner.
NOVELTY - Carbonate-containing phosphate ores are ground to particle size 0.1-0.15 mm and treated with cultural fluid of Candida lipolytica VKM Y-160 at ratio raw : cultural fluid of 1:(5-10) at room temperature for 1-3 days.    USE - Method is used for producing phosphorus fertilizers.    ADVANTAGE - Improved production method.
NOVELTY - Preparation of a clay-containing fatty acid compsn. comprises mixing waste clay used in treatment of fat and oil uniformly with aqueous soln. of a lipase to prepare clay composition and treating the composition with an enzyme. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of a clay-containing fatty acid composition comprises mixing 100 pts. wt. of waste clay used in treatment of fat and oil uniformly with 10-60 pts. wt. of aqueous solution of a lipase to prepare a clay composition and treating the composition with an enzyme. Preferably the enzymatic treatment is carried out while the composition is kneaded intermittently or continuously. Also claimed is preparation of a clay-containing soap characterised by neutralisation of the clay-containing fatty acid composition.    USE -   The clay-containing fatty acid composition is typically used as a fertiliser, an agent promoting fermentation of compost and a soil improver.    ADVANTAGE -   The methods permit utilisation of the waste clay containing fat and oil and provide useful fatty acid compositions and soap.
NOVELTY -Fertilizer composition for agriculture and horticulture contains extract of photosynthesis prokaryotic microbe. The microbe extract is inherently heat treated.    USE -   For agriculture and horticulture.    ADVANTAGE -   The microbe extract provides various vegetation at various time effectively. The microbe extract can also be used in hydrophonics.
NOVELTY - A fan (11) ventilates gas in acid formation tank (1) where the organic substance in the waste is decomposed into lower fatty acids by the acid forming microbes. The formed lower fatty acid is subsequently decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide by methanogen in the reaction vessel (2).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for industrial waste processing method.    USE -   For processing industrial waste water ejected during manufacture of e.g. foodstuffs, drinks, pharmaceutical or pulp.    ADVANTAGE -   As the fan is arranged within the acid forming tank, the fan efficiently removes the hydrogen sulfide from liquid phase.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the fan installation in waste water processing apparatus. (1) Acid formation tank; (2) Reaction vessel; (11) Fan.
NOVELTY - Mulberry rattle is cultured by feeding mulberry rattle larva with humus and waste tree wood and its parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the culture apparatus which comprises a culture chamber: (1) into which humus (3) for mushroom log culture (5) is filled. The waste tree wood products (4) are embedded on it.    USE -   For manufacturing fertilizers by cultivating waste tree wood and humus together which is used as the feed for mulberry rattle larva (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Fertilizer obtained has very good quality as the feed is extremely suitable for the mulberry rattle larva. Since the final product obtained can be used as the fertilizer, there is no futility hence more economical. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of culture apparatus. Parts List: (1) Culture chamber; (3) Humus; (4) Waste tree wood products; (5) Log culture.
NOVELTY - The method involves adjusting the moisture content of the raw material (organic refuse (20), livestock dung (30)) provided in a storage unit (1,2), using load current value of a motor (1b,2b) which drives the screw (1a,2a) of a screw feeder. The raw material is conveyed into the storage apparatus, through the screw feeder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the compost manufacturing apparatus. The apparatus consists of two storage units in which raw materials with different moisture content are provided. An electricity detector (10-12) detects the load current value of the motor. A crushing mixer (3) mixes the raw material ejected from the storage unit. A fermenter (4) ferments the composting raw material (40) provided in the mixer. A leachate measuring unit (6) measures the amount of leachates of the raw material. The amount of leachates of the raw materials are compared using a standard database created previously. A control signal is sent to the motor such that the moisture content of the raw material is adjusted to an optimum value. The output of the composting raw material is controlled by a calculation control unit (5).    USE -   For production of compost.    ADVANTAGE -   The moisture content of the composting raw material is detected accurately. A high quality composting raw material with an optimum moisture content is obtained in a short period of time. The output of the raw material in the storage unit is controlled during run time. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the profile block diagram of the compost manufacturing apparatus. Parts list: (1,2) Storage unit; (1a,2a) Screw; (1b,2b) Motor; (3) Crushing mixer; (4) Fermenter; (5) Calculation control unit; (10-12) Electricity detector; (20) Organic refuse; (30) Livestock dung; (40) Composting raw material.
NOVELTY - A small amount of air or oxygen (7) is added to fuel containing modified hydrocarbon gas present in the filled layer (3) having alumina pellet (2). On the surface of the filled layer, baking of copper oxide film with alkaline compound (i.e. sodium oxide) is carried out at fixed temperature to selectively remove the carbon monoxide present in the fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for processing apparatus (1). Air or oxygen supply apparatus is provided to the filled layer.    USE -   As a fuel process of solid polymeric fuel battery or phosphoric acid fuel battery and for removing, purifying carbon monoxide selectively from the fuel contained in the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE -   The process excels in selectively removing carbon monoxide. The process improves noble metals electrode life span of a fuel battery and reduces exhaustion of hydrogen. Catalyst cost and catalyst maintenance cost are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows processing apparatus of the fuel for solid polymeric fuel batteries. (1) Processing apparatus; ; (2) Alumina pellet; ; (3) Filled layer; ; (7) Air or oxygen.
NOVELTY - A deflation chamber (23A) is connected to attraction blower and a cyclone separator (33). The combusted gas exhausted from the blower is supplied to an oil burner (46).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Carbonization reactor (20) comprises distribution chamber (21), coke oven (23), refinement chamber (25) (with oil burner (46) and blower (B1)), emission chamber (27) and are arranged sequentially. The coke oven chamber is partitioned from the distribution chamber by floor plate (21A). The carbonization pipe is present in the opening of distribution chamber floor plate. The partition of a deflation chamber and lower portion of coke oven chamber is performed by supporting plate (24). High temperature gas is supplied through the carbonization pipe in the lower portion of a reactor.    USE -   For steam baking of organic substances such as wood piece, plastic piece, flammable waste and hen droppings.    ADVANTAGE -   Steaming and carbonization can be performed effectively and a supply can be adjusted during the combustion process. The amount of charcoal produced is enhanced. The volatile matter of charcoal is burnt with minimum air supply and the process of combustion is performed in a simple and economical way. Pressure built up in the refiner chamber is prevented inhibiting explosive accident.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the principal parts of the carbonization apparatus. (20) Carbonization reactor; (21) Distribution chamber; (21A) Floor plate; (23) Coke oven; (23A) Deflation chamber; (24) Supporting plate; (25) Refinement chamber; (27) Emission chamber; (33) Cyclone separator; (46) Oil burner; (B1) Oil burner blower.
NOVELTY - The anaerobic degradation of organic waste is carried out by mixing fresh material with a fermentation material and a high content of dry matter. After the material has been added, the matter is dried, circulated and brought into the methane formation zone, preferably at half the height of the substrate layer.    USE - The method is useful for the reduction and stabilization of waste volume, the return of organic matter to the soil as a fertilizer, to compensate for the loss of humus, and to exploit the energy potential of a developed biogas.    ADVANTAGE - The system effectively processes organic waste, even when there is a high content of solids.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an organic waste processing assembly with a charging circuit (2) opening over the substrate layer (10) in the reaction vessel (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the layout of the organic waste processing assembly.    reaction vessel (1)    charging circuit (2)    mixer (6)    heat exchanger (9)    substrate layer (10)    conveyor screws (11)    barrier slides (12,14)    intermediate vessel (13)    water extraction station (19)    conveyors (24,31,33)    water extraction station outlet (30)    recirculation circuit (32)
NOVELTY - A composition for treating wastewater, especially in septic tanks is new and comprises an inoculum of a bacterium (I) belonging to a nonpathogenic sporogenous strain, on a solid substrate (II). The inoculum includes a Mn++ salt.    USE - The new composition is used to digest organic material such as starches, cellulose and proteins, that can build up in household septic tanks, using the aerobic and anaerobic activity of Bacillus bacteria (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The use of the new composition in septic tanks leads to an increase in the aerobic and anaerobic activity for digestion of organic material, without epidemiological or toxicological risks. In addition the composition is not costly to produce and is simple to use. Prior art compositions containing microorganisms, however, had limited ability to digest organic material, which could cause build up materials in the tanks.
NOVELTY - Process for composting liquid effluents contaminated with organic waste and/or animal excrement comprises mixing the effluent with biodegradable solids in a composting container, pre-fermenting the mixture, adding worms, composting the liquid effluent, removing the worms, and discharging the resulting solid biomass from the composting container.    USE - To produce compost (claimed) with a residual moisture content of 5-10 wt.%, useful as a fertilizer, especially from pig, cattle or chicken slurry.    ADVANTAGE - The process yields compost with a low moisture content.
NOVELTY - Preemptive bioremediation of oil spills comprises providing a timed and/or controlled release microorganism product which contains catalytic ingredients.    USE - The process is for preemptive bioremediation of oil spills and discharge of petroleum based products. It is used for both installing such product, e.g. capsule, coated pellet or pod, into a body of petroleum at the wellhead source, in a pipeline or storage tank, during the process of bringing the petroleum from its source to market, before a spill occurs, and recovering the product if the spill does not occur.    ADVANTAGE - The aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation of the petroleum product spill or discharge is improved. The method is efficient and economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preemptive bioremediation of oil spills comprises fabricating a cell (10) of microorganism (11) capable of degrading hydrocarbons, encapsulating the cell into a pod (16) which can be activated in a non-hydrocarbon environment, introducing the pod into a closed body of petroleum contained in a vessel which if opened will release the body of petroleum and the pod into a non-hydrocarbon environment and allowing the cell to become active and degrade the released petroleum.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a microorganism pod comprising a microorganism cell and encapsulation and activation means.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a pod of the bioremediation product.    Cell (10)    Microorganism (11)    Wall (12)    Envelopes (14)    Time release material (15)    Pod (16)    Fluid (17)    Magnetic material (18)
NOVELTY - Method of liquefying microorganisms in a slurry of waste activated sludge which contains volatile solids in biological wastewater treatment plant, by passing slurry through nozzle of restricted flow area at pressure in excess of 12,000psi to cause liquefaction of microorganisms as they are discharged from nozzle. The method increases the biodegradation rate of volatile solids by at least 200%, preferably 300%.    USE - Lyzing microorganisms in waste activated sludge for further digestion.    ADVANTAGE - Biodegradation of the microorganisms is increased by 200%, reducing disposal costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Part of the liquefied microorganisms are recirculated. The liquefied microorgansims are anaerobically converted to methane and carbon dioxide. Chemical treatment weakens the cell walls of the microorgansims before they are passed through the nozzle. The pH of the slurry is (a) altered, (b) increased to pH11, (c) alternatively dropped to pH2. The slurry is macerated before passing through the nozzle. Digestion is either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic of the process. It is fully annotated.
NOVELTY - The flammable organic material (2) on industrial refuse containing lead tungstate is crushed and classified. Water component is adjusted to form a refuse slurry to which oil component (6) such as fuel oil or kerosene is added. Surfactant (7) is then mixed into it to form liquefied fuel (8).    USE -   For producing liquefied fuel using refuses e.g. alcoholic drinks, beer, spirit etc., from industries, houses.    ADVANTAGE -   The water component in waste is used to form slurry and also precious fossil fuel such as coal is saved. Need for exclusive refuse disposal is eliminated by clean refuse processing method and hence capital investment is low. Dioxins and toxic substance generation is suppressed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows flow diagram for production of liquefied fuel from refuse. (2) Flammable organic material; (6) Oil component; (7) Surfactant; (8) Liquefied fuel.
NOVELTY - Sludge ejected from human waste treatment installation is subjected to methane fermentation followed by dehydration. The dehydrated residue is placed in vacuum and dried by indirect heating such that the residue has predetermined water content.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sludge disposal system.    USE -   For treatment of human wastes and garbages.    ADVANTAGE -   The sludge disposal system is operated in a cost-effective manner. Burning of dehydrated residue is prevented as predetermined degree of vacuum is set inside the vacuum dryer which causes indirect heating of the residue. As water is uniformly distributed in the dehydrated residue after drying, the residue could be easily molded. Operativity and productivity of the sludge disposal system are improved. The processing apparatus is compact. Methane obtained during fermentation is used as source of electric power for the co-generation system thereby improving energy efficiency of the sludge disposal system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sludge disposal system.
NOVELTY - Raw garbage is crushed in crushing apparatus (1) and is then precipitated and classified in precipitation classification tank (3) based on specific gravity and harmony of microorganisms present in raw garbage. Then the microorganisms are decomposed by decomposition tanks (2a,2b) before disposing the raw garbage.    USE -   For disposal of raw garbage produced in general home and business use kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   Microorganisms are decomposed effectively and raw garbage is disposed efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of raw garbage processor.    (1) Crushing apparatus;    (2a,2b) Decomposition tanks;    (3) Precipitation classification tank.
NOVELTY - When the temperature in a secondary combustion chamber raises above a predetermined temperature, the quantity of air supplied is increased. The temperature of chamber is adjusted by reducing the air quantity when the temperature drops below the predetermined value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The coke oven chamber is surrounded by a primary combustion chamber provided with a heater. Air is supplied in the secondary combustion chamber which contacts the gas in the coke oven chamber. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM apparatus for carbonisation processing is also included.    USE -   For inflammable organic waste, such as binder, paper, synthetic resin or domestic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The unburnt gases generated in the coke oven chamber are completely, burnt by supply of air through secondary combustion chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric view of the air supply fan of carbonisation processing apparatus.
Large-sized breeding installation comprises a flooring of carbonaceous base materials containing mixture of sawdust, straw, chaff, branches, timber chips, brak, waste paper for promoting a fermentation and decomposition effect on excretions of animals laid to a depth of more than 1m in a breeding line is stirred with a cut machine (M) movably mounted on a run rail along the breeding lines.    USE -   For breeding of livestock such as cows and horses.    ADVANTAGE -   Labor saving can be achieved by eliminating manual work with a cut machine movably mounted on a run rail for stirring the flooring to promote the fermentation and degradation of microorganisms contained in the excretions of animals. An energy saving can be achieved by eliminating the need for a heat source such as a heater for fermentation decomposition process of feces and urine. There is no generation of soil pollution in the surroundings due to the excretions of animals. The flooring of a livestock breeding installation can be used as manure to recycle the earth surface of agricultural fields.
NOVELTY - Composting of organic refuse by crushing and mixing with spawn using a cutting tool, is new. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for composting apparatus which consists of an upward raw material insertion opening, a rotation arm in the interior of the machine and an exhaust outlet in the lower part.    USE -   For composting organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic refuse can be composted quickly without generation of bad smell. The apparatus is capable of both crushing and inoculation simultaneously depending on the need.
NOVELTY - Compost manufacturing apparatus comprises a compulsive fermenter. Temperature inside the fermenter is raised to activate a microorganism for fermentation. A warm water feed zone for heating the air supplied in the compulsive fermenter for drying the raw materials, is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Combustion furnace for burning used tires and waste plastic products, is surrounded by cooling water jacket at its outer wall part. Raw materials such as discarded fishes are rotated within a drum, ground and dried by a drying kiln. Hot gas from the combustion furnace is supplied through heating gas feed zone to the drying kiln. A compulsive fermenter carrying out forced fermentation of raw materials supplied from drying kiln is surrounded by a warm water feed zone. This raises the inside temperature of the compulsive fermenter by heating the air supplied inside the fermenter.    USE -   For manufacturing fermentation compost of discarded fish or an organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Has very cheap running cost, installation cost and high efficiency, as reaction conditions are effectively controlled.
NOVELTY - An organic waste process machine comprising a waste decomposition frame installed under the flooring which has a floor vent with a floor opening lid, is new.    USE -   For home use, business use, vessels.    ADVANTAGE -   The process machine is installed under floor, hence effective usage of kitchen space is attained and generation of odor is prevented. Burden of public sewage work is eliminated. Maintenance cost is reduced.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for processing organic refuse comprises a fermentation tank and maturing tank which has a stirrer with a radius which is smaller than that of the fermentation tank. The maturing tank bottom having an opening is positioned higher than the fermentation tank bottom such that a recovery unit is arranged at the space between both bottoms for ejecting the processed material.    USE -   For processing organic refuses such as garbage generated from domestic kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   The space provided between the bottom portions of fermentation tank and maturing tank ensures to install recovery unit and hence the duration for ejecting the processed material from maturing tank is reduced. The maintenance services such as cleaning operation is performed easily.
NOVELTY - Microorganism in the sludge is destroyed by pressure application or ultrasonication and dehydration treatment.    USE -   For processing domestic, industrial waste during dehydration of disposal sludge water for use as fuel in blast furnace, steam power plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Passing of ultrasonic waves to sludge reduces the time of combustion and amount of heat required for heating the furnace.
NOVELTY - A heater (2) is incorporated in a semiconductor gas detection element (1). A transistor (Q1) is connected between the heater and a power supply. A microcomputer (3) outputs a control signal voltage to switch ON the transistor (Q1) for preset time period and to switch OFF that transistor after that period. A protection circuit (5) turns OFF the transistor, when the preset time is exceeded. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The microcomputer judges existence of detected gas based on detection output of the semiconductor gas detection element. The microcomputer sends control signal to control terminal of the transistor through an output port (O1).    USE -   In gas detector used for detecting carbon monoxide, methane etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Disconnection of heater can be prevented even during misoperation of microcomputer, by protection circuit. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram of the gas detector. (1) Semiconductor gas detection element; (2) Heater; (3) Microcomputer; (5) Protection circuit; (O1) Output port; (Q1) Transistor.
NOVELTY - The jet engine has an integrated fuel cell (33) which is formed by positioning tiles of solid electrolyte membrane in contact with the combustion products (386) where they can exploit oxygen partial pressures within the thermodynamic cycle. The surfaces (332,334) of the membrane are coated with a porous metallic conductor such as platinum.    USE - For generating electrical power from aircraft engines for airborne applications.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids need to use mechanical power trains that require a number of expensive precision mechanical rotating components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A catalytic reformer may be included to decompose aviation fuel. The reformer may be in the combustion chamber wall or outside the combustion chamber (20) in the fuel cell and fed with high pressure air bled from a compressor and also fed with hot exhaust gas via a duct. The hydrogen rich products contact fuel cells to chemically remove oxygen. The products are combusted and further energy recovered in the engine. A static inverter is used to convert the DC current output of the fuel cells into conventional aircraft AC supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of the jet engine.    Combustion chamber (20)    Fuel cell (33)    Platinum coated membrane surfaces (332,334)    Combustion products (386)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (1) has several passages (12a) for carrying a fluid in a stack (12) formed from several unit cells (10). The connection of the passages is changed according to the operating condition of the fuel cell. If the passage connection is changed, the fluid flow in the passages and the passage resistance in the stack changes so that optimal performance of the fuel cell can be achieved. The fluid may be a reaction gas or a coolant. A second set of passages may also be used.    USE - To generate electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Optimises performance in accordance with operating condition of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic illustration of gas passages in the stack.    Fuel cell (1)    Unit cells (10)    Stack (12)    Gas passage (12a)
NOVELTY - Inter-tube space of upper heat exchanger is brought in communication at the bottom with inter-tube space of lower heat exchanger; gas supply pipe line is provided with branch brought in communication with tube space of lower heat exchanger at the bottom; liquefied gas discharge pipe line is brought in communication with tube space of lower heat exchanger at the top.    USE - Power engineering; production of liquid cryogenic fuel, for example, liquid methane.    ADVANTAGE - Increased productivity and enhanced economical efficiency of plant.
NOVELTY - Method consists in packing and heating organic substances in dispersed state in gas shield. Thermal processing is effected due to heating to temperature not below decomposition temperature at simultaneous continuous packing in the course of heating by pressing the material between heated surfaces; shield is formed by gases generated at decomposition of materials at shortage of oxidizer.    USE - Processing of organic substances: wood, industrial and domestic wastes containing organic components.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of power requirements at rate corresponding to maximum rate of delivery of required amount of heat.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon and water are supplied to the anode (2) in a solid fuel cell (1), whilst oxygen is supplied to the cathode (3) to form synthesis gas. Carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide, leaving a hydrogen-rich flow of gas with a low water vapor content.    USE - The hydrogen prepared by this method is useful for the preparation of ammonia (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Suitable for economic large and small production of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for preparing a hydrogen-rich gas stream (B) comprises the conversion of a hydrocarbon fuel in the presence of water and/or oxygen at high temperature. The reaction is carried out in a fuel cell (1), the hydrocarbon and water being supplied to the anode (2) and the oxygen-containing gas (A) to the cathode (3). Synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is supplied to the anode side and the resulting gas is oxidized by providing the heat (and optionally electricity) necessary for the fuel conversion. Under these reaction conditions carbon monoxide and water are formed, the carbon monoxide being converted into carbon dioxide whilst yielding hydrogen. A flow of hydrogen-rich gas with a low water vapor content is removed from the anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a block diagram representing the preparation of a hydrogen-rich gas stream.    Fuel cell (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Nitrogen-containing gas with reduced oxygen content (4)    Tube (5)    Reactor for selective oxidation of methane (6)    CO-shift reactor (7)    Pressure swing absorption device (8)    Supply of air (A)    Flow of gas rich in hydrogen and nitrogen (B)
NOVELTY - High purity hydrogen refined by supplying hydrogen rich gas, is supplied to solid polymeric type fuel battery during low load running of phosphoric acid fuel battery. The two batteries are arranged side by side in a hydrogen supply apparatus.    USE -   Hybrid fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces running cost by reducing supplement machine power.
NOVELTY - A method for processing organic refuse where a liquid is sprayed onto organic refuse in an intermediate integrated plant. The micro-organism in the process liquid carries out decomposition of the organic substances such as protein, fats, oils, starch and manure is formed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the processing apparatus of organic refuse which has a sprayer to disperse the process liquid. The integrated plant is attached to refuse incineration plant.    USE -   The method and apparatus is used for processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   The processed organic refuse is used as a fertilizer. The refuse which cannot be utilized as fertilizer is classified and incinerated. The amount of incinerated ashes becomes less and waste disposal also becomes very easy. The sprayer is configured at suitable position in the integrated plant and hence the inner surface of the integrated plant is cleaned with process liquid.
NOVELTY -Direct heating type rotary drier with sieve along longitudinal direction across diameter of drum, is new. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A sieve (22), prolongs in longitudinal direction through inside of drum (21) along its diameter. The size of hole in down stream side of processed material, is smaller than that of upstream side. In an alternative arrangement, supplementary boards with a height of 20-80 % of drum radius, protrude from the drum inner wall and run longitudinally. The processed material is pushed from one side to the other side of drum by the boards along the length of the drum. In another alternate arrangement, the end portions of board near drum inner wall is provided without hole for 20-40% of board width.    USE -   For drying composts.    ADVANTAGE -   The phenomenon of roll granulation within the drum is prevented by the board in longitudinal direction along drum diameter. Heat conduction efficiency within a drum is sharply raised. The supplementary boards increase running frequency of processed material within the drum. Since only predetermined length of board is notched, the material moves to another side from one side by dividing with board so, the quantity of material within drum is equalized and heat conduction efficiency within drum is raised. Even if the material to be processed has smaller powder particles, it is processed reliably by the small holes in downstream side. Since a portion of board near drum inner wall has no holes, transfer of micro powdery substance is reliably performed. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the perspective diagram of rotary driver drum. (21) Drum; #(22) Sieve
NOVELTY - Apparatus has a treatment tank (1) with wall portion through which the micro-organism and nutrition component for reproduction are fed. An air supply hole (20) is provided along the thickness direction of wall portion to effect growth of micro-organism. The wall portion is made of concrete board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Panels (10) are combined arbitrarily to form treatment tank. An air supply path is provided at a predetermined space perpendicularly inside the treatment tank. Rod-shaped portions (31) are provided in the vertical direction of the tank. Rods (31,35) are arranged to orthogonally cross each other. Convex portions are arranged at a predetermined space in the upper portion of rod.    USE -   For formation of compost from e.g. organic refuse, agricultural waste and livestock waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The compost fermentation increases the supply of air through the wall portion. The wall portion is used for supplying micro-organism and the growth of micro-organism is promoted and the compost formation increases. The growth of anaerobic bacteria is suppressed by the huge supply of air. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of compost treatment tank. (1) Treatment tank; (10) Panels; (20) Air supply hole; (31) Rod-shaped portions; (31,35) Rods.
NOVELTY - Warm water jacket (33) and a warm air jacket (34) warmed by waste heat at under 100 C from combustion furnace are provided to respectively raise temperature of raw material and drying of raw material. The warm air is made to move and takes in heat from the warm water jacket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Heat transfer fins are provided in the air jacket for increasing the efficiency of heat transfer from the warm water jacket. Shorings are provided adjacent the heat transfer fins for raising the rate of airflow and raising the heat transfer coefficient. An under water in heater is provided which is operated when the fermenter temperature is lower than the optimal temperature for fermentation by the microorganism.    USE -   For fermenting compost or organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Since waste heat from the external combustion furnace is used to raise temperature to optimal temperature, the usage cost and running costs of the furnace are made to reduce sharply. Since heat transfer fins are adjacent to which shorings are provided ensures that efficiency of heat transfer from water jacket to air jacket is raised sharply. Since the heater is provided, in case the sufficient heat is not reached, it acts as a supplement. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the heating apparatus of compulsive fermenter. (33) Water jacket; (34) Air jacket.
NOVELTY - The fuel modifying system constitutes a modifier (3) to one side of which pressure application type carbon monoxide conversion device (4) is provided, to supply fuel to fuel pole (1a) of phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    USE -   For conversion of carbon monoxide, which is supplied to the fuel pole of phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The modifying system is compact and its installation is also economical. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel modifying system. (1a) Fuel pole; ; (3) Modifier; ; (4) Carbon monoxide conversion device.
NOVELTY - The charge of biomass is subjected to low temperature pyrolysis treatment in a retort (10) to convert it to charcoal, and to release pyrolysis effluent fluid. The treatment is so-called slow pyrolysis type which is conducted in the presence of a negligible amount of air, i.e. only that present when the retort is charged with biomass. The retort is self pressurized and at least part of the pyrolysis effluent fluid is used to fuel a pressure charge heat engine, such as a gas turbine (18).    USE - For charcoal production from biomass which includes forestry waste, logs, wood chips, corn cobs, processed cellulosic waste, e.g. paper pulp, rope, and/or organic fraction of municipal waste.    ADVANTAGE - May operate on a small yet efficient scale to produce relatively large amounts of charcoal with power and heat as co-products, whilst maintaining an acceptably low level of emissions of noxious substances such as organic compounds, particulates or heavy metals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for biomass treatment apparatus.    Preferred Features: The retort (10) may be heated by recovery of waste heat form the heat engine (by a heat exchanger (32), and/or by the combustion of a portion of the pyrolysis effluent or by combustion of a support fuel. A preliminary drying stage is included prior to pyrolysis. Where the heat engine is a gas turbine, the system also includes a heat exchanger (44) for transfer of heat from the retort to the inlet stream of the combustion chamber (26) of the gas turbine engine. A further heat exchanger (46) may be used to transfer heat from eh hot exhaust of the turbine (22) to the air supplied to the combustion chamber (26). The pyrolysis is effected at a fluid temperature between 250 and 500 degrees C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the apparatus.    retort (10)    access door (12)    turbine (22)    combustion chamber (26)    heat exchanger (32,44)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell is made up of a number of unit cells (20) in a stack. Each unit cell comprises an electrolyte membrane (31), an anode (32), a cathode and a separator (30). The separator is formed by a gas-impermeable electrically conductive member with six holes (40,41,42,50,51,52) and recesses (90). When stacked the recesses from in-cell gas passages with adjacent gas diffusion electrodes.    USE - Separator for unit cells in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents unequal gas flow rates in unit cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded view of a unit cell.    Unit cell (20)    Separator (30)    Electrolyte membrane (31)    Anode (32)    Holes in the separator (40,41,42,50,51,52)    Recess in the separator (90)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system for mounting in a car has: a combustion device (1) for burning exhaust gas from a fuel cell (4) that is supplied with a reformed gas from a reformer (3); and a turbine compressor (20) to feed air into the fuel cell while air is compressed at a compressor unit 922) by using combustion energy. The reformer includes an evaporation burner to burn a vaporising fuel. The system further has a heat exchanger (5) for maintaining a temperature of a gas line (63) at an inlet section of the fuel cell while a combustion exhaust gas released from the turbine unit of the turbine is passed in.    USE - None given
A catalytic conversion process for preparing propene, isobutane and isoalkane-enriched gasoline includes such steps as introducing preheated raw oil in reactor with two reaction region, where it is in contact with hot cracking catalyst, reaction in the first reaction region at 550-650 deg.C for 0.5-2.5 second, reaction in the second reaction region at 480-550 deg.C for 2-30 seconds, separation of reaction product and regenerating catalyst for cyclic use. The yield of liquefied gas can reach 25-40 wt.%, in which the contents of propene and isobutane are 30 wt.% and 20-40 wt.% respectively. The yield of gasoline can reach 30-50 wt.%, in which the isoalkane is 30-45 wt.%.
A catalytic conversion process for preparing isobutane and isoalkane-enriched gasoline is disclosed. The preheated raw oil is introduced in reactor having two reaction regions, where it is in contact with hot cracking catalyst. The temp is 530-620 deg.C for the first reaction region and 460-530 deg.C for the second one. Their reaction time is respectively 0.5-2.0 seconds and 2-30 seconds. The reaction product is separated and the catalyst can be cyclically used by stripping and regeneration. The content of isobutane in liquefied gas is 20-40 wt.%. The content of isoalkane in gasoline is 30-45 wt.% and its olefin content is deceased to less than 30 wt.%.
An organochemical composite fertilizer is prepared through fermenting the broken straw or stalk of crops under the action of bacteria to benefit soil; drying in sun; mixing with humic acid, agricultural chemical, (nitrogen-phosphate- potassium)N-P-K fertilizer, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu) and calcium (Ca); and crushing and granulating.    USE -   It can increase the organic substances in soil, improve the physical property of soil, preserve water and nutrients in soil and prevent and eliminate pests and diseases.    ADVANTAGE -   It features simple preparation process and low cost.
An organic mixed fertilizer with tobacco is prepared through fermenting tobacco dregs under the action of bacteria to benefit soil, drying, mixing with humic acid substances, N, P, F, Mn, Zn,B, Ca and disinfectant, pulverizing to 80-100 meshes, and granulating.    USE -   It contains nicotine and disinfectant, so having the action to prevent and eliminate pests and diseases. It can also improve the physical properties of soil, increase the power of soil to preserve water and fertilizer and the organic substances in soil, and raise the utilization rate of fertilizer.
A plant growth agent is prepared from dry or wet yeast slurry, humic acid and sodium selenite through biological engineering, and serves to increase resistance to diseases and yield, supplement selenium, and promote human health.
NOVELTY - The reaction of hydrocarbons especially methane and ethane with iodine is used to simultaneously produce hydrocarbons and hydrogen in a simple and low energy consuming process.    USE - For preparation of hydrocarbons and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Provides simultaneous production of hydrocarbons and hydrogen in a simple and low energy consuming process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of hydrocarbons with the simultaneous preparation of hydrogen involves reacting aliphatic hydrocarbons, especially methane or ethane, with iodine in the presence of a catalyst at 400-1,200 degrees C, preferably with bromine addition, and with molar ratio of iodine/hydrocarbons of 0.1-4. Hydrogen iodide and unreacted iodine are isolated from the hydrocarbon mixture and the hydrogen iodide is decomposed to iodine and hydrogen, with the iodine recycled to the process. The hydrocarbons are separated and the reaction residue is, if need be, recycled to the process.
NOVELTY - Compost starter contains an oil, e.g. rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soya oil etc., acetate, e.g. of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) or manganese (Mn) and/or chelate, e.g. of Fe, Cu, Zn or Mn mixed with an emulsifier and is sprayed onto the compostable or odor-forming material.    USE - The material is useful for neutralizing odors from sewage sludge and compost and as compost starter. It is used as for treating soil and plants and as fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The odor-binding effect is immediate and lasts for weeks. The material also accelerates composting and reduces the composting temperature by 10-15 degreesC. The compost heap does not dry out and the compost yield is of higher quality.
NOVELTY - A receptacle functions as a composting chamber, it has a top access opening (17) with a hinged lid and a lower side opening with a sliding cover (36) for removing composted material. Aeration is provided by a perforated pipe (27) and wall vents (26). Produced liquid flows through a filter material (32) into a base section of the perforated pipe and to a discharge tap (30).    USE - For composting organic kitchen and garden waste, e.g. vegetable and fruit scraps, tea bags, vacuum cleaner dust, torn up and soaked newspapers, other paper products and animal manure.    ADVANTAGE - The bin is of simple design, lightweight and easily transportable. It provides a composting cycle in which new material is added via the top opening, composted material is removed via the lower opening, and liquid vermicast produced by the worms is removed without disrupting the worm farm. It can be fully closed by the lid and mesh covers to reduce the likelihood of infestation by vermin. The perforated pipe can be configured to produce air flow to match the bin volume.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional side view of the composting bin.    Top access opening (17)    Wall vents (26)    Perforated pipe (27)    Discharge tap (30)    Filter material (32)    Sliding cover. (36)
NOVELTY - A current monitoring circuit measures the output current drawn from the zinc-oxygen cell by a load during operation. Based on the measurement result, an oxygen control circuit controls the supply of high purity oxygen from an oxygen concentrator (5) to cathode of zinc oxygen cell for a predetermined time.    USE - For supplying high purity oxygen in controlled manner to cathode of zinc or oxygen battery, fuel cell electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - Metal oxygen cell uses zinc as anode because of its availability, energy density, safety and relatively low cost. By the use of oxygen concentrate to purify the source of oxygen, interference of carbon monoxide and other impurities in the air is prevented or limited.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of oxygen concentrator in battery.    Oxygen concentrator (5)
NOVELTY - A method for controlling foaming and bulking of Microthrix Parvicella during wastewater treatment, comprising injecting a polymer into the aeration basins of water activated sludge treatment systems, is new.    USE - The method is useful for reducing microorganism foaming and bulking during wastewater treatment. The method reduces the cell surface hydrophobicity of the microorganism floc, therefore allowing the microorganisms to pass through the aeration basins and eventually escape the sludge treatment system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for controlling microorganism foaming and bulking during waste water treatment comprises treating industrial or domestic waste water containing foam causing microorganisms (including M. parvicella), using an activated sludge treatment process comprising:    (1) treating the wastewater using a primary sedimentation process (by which most suspended solids are separated out);    (2) transferring the water into at least one secondary aeration basin (for a biological aeration process) into which activated sludge is introduced;    (3) passing the wastewater coming out of the aeration basin to at least one clarifier (for clarifying treatment) to produce clean water as effluent;    (4) injecting or adding a polymer into the wastewater prior to it entering the clarifier and after it exits the primary sedimentation; and    (5) removing the foam causing microorganisms from the aeration basin using the polymer in the basin (the microorganism floc loses buoyancy and escapes the basin (i.e. a defoaming effect is achieved)).
NOVELTY - Ground up (30) putrescent material is evenly spread onto one or more slowly moving long conveyors (8) with fly larvae eggs deposited into said waste. The conveyor movement allows sufficient residence time for the hatched fly larvae to eat all of the edible waste. Light and heat (15) is applied to encourage the larvae to crawl off the conveyor edges and fall into water troughs (16) for collection into tank means (26). Remaining non-edible waste is removed (41,42,43) is removed from the belts (8) and from the system container (2).    USE - To continuously treat putrescent waste.    ADVANTAGE - The conveyor speed can be controlled to optimize fly larvae hatching to treat all of the edible waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for: An apparatus for treating putrescent waste using the method detailed above. Preferred Features: - The container (2) is air conditioned (12) and has deodorizing air outlets (13). Controlled use of heat and light (15) to control fly larvae movement is disclosed in detail.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic of the treatment apparatus.    System container (2)    Treatment conveyors (8)    Air conditioning plant (12)    Deodorizing air outlets (13)    Heating and lighting means (15)    Water collection troughs for fly larvae (16)    Fly larvae collection system (26)    Putrescent waste feed and spreading means (30,31,40,50)    Remaining waste removal system (41,42,43)
NOVELTY - A feed gas (1) is cooled in a heat exchanger (101). The cooled gas is further cooled, condensed and rectified in a dephlegmator drum (103) to form cold methane vapors and liquid hydrocarbon. The condensate containing higher order hydrocarbon is withdrawn from the drum and vaporized in the heat exchanger which serves as the portion of the refrigerant to cool methane enriched gas.    USE - For fuel in internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - The purity of liquid methane product is high containing 98 mole % of methane and 0.5 mole % or less of higher order hydrocarbon. The operation of the process is simple, reliable, efficient and wide variety of gas separation can be achieved using dephlegmator. The entire process of cooling, rectifying the feed gas, liquefying high pure methane, stripping higher order hydrocarbon(s) and providing required refrigeration for the process is performed in the minimum number of heat exchanger, enabling lower consumption of energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of recovering methane from natural gas.    Feed gas; (1)    Heat exchanger; (101)    Dephlegmator drum (103)
NOVELTY - A method (I) for producing organic fertilizer by biofermentation of animal husbandry waste, is new.    USE - Fertilizer production.    ADVANTAGE - Higher efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In (I) the waste is mixed and free surface material is then subjected to treatment with a flow of heated oxygen-bearing gas. (I) provides increased productivity and improvement in the quality of organic fertilizer produced.
NOVELTY - This relates to anaerobic treatment of organic waste and particularly to separation of biogas into component gases. According to method, biogas is pumped into gas holder which is filled with water with temperature of 5 C. Pumping is continued until pressure in gas holder exceeds 5 MPa. Created are gas hydrates of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Nitrogen remains in the form of gas. Carried out is stepped dehydration by reducing pressure, thus isolating separate components of biogas.    USE - Environment control technology.    ADVANTAGE - Higher efficiency. 1 dwgm
NOVELTY - The thermolysis gas generated by dry distillation carbonization of the waste in a coke oven chamber (B) is passed to a combustion chamber (D) via a storage chamber (C) which regulates the gas flow within the limits of the burning and catalytic reaction capacity of the combustion chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The combustion chamber performs the combustion and the deodorization of the thermolysis gas generated in the coke oven chamber and ejects the purified and deodorized gas to the atmosphere.    USE -   For carbonization process of combustible organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids incineration of organic waste. Prevents comparing the capacity of the combustion chamber by restricting the gas amount flow into the combustion chamber by flow regulator in storage chamber even if the thermolysis gas amount generation rate in the coke oven chamber is high, thereby prevents black smoke, bad smell and flame being released to atmosphere. Facilitates use of manually operated or automatic flow regulator in the storage chamber. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a traverse plane sectional view of the organic waste carbonization apparatus. (B) Coke oven chamber; (C) Storage chamber; (D) combustion chamber.
NOVELTY - An air blower and a deodorant device which carries out heat deodorizing are configured in the exhaust gas path. A heat exchanger is arranged in the exhaust gas path by the organic refuse decomposition tank side and exhaust heat is recovered. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The exhaust from the deodorant device is passed through the heat exchanger.    USE -   For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE -   Since heat exchanger is provided, exhaust heat is recovered and it can be used effectively. The load of the heater of the deodorant device becomes less and electric charges are saved. The temperature distribution in front of a catalyst tends to become uniform. Deodorant device is reduced in size. Deodorant device and heat exchanger are provided integrally and hence piping is not necessary. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing explaining the exhaust gas structure.
NOVELTY -Organic substance processing apparatus for organic refuse has controller (28) to detect moisture content of carrier (4) from temperature rise value detected by temperature detector when carrier is heated to high heating value to bring down moisture content below fixed value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - When the moisture content of the microorganism carrier (4) in the processing chamber (1), detected from the temperature rise value by a temperature detector is more than a fixed value, the carrier is heated to a high heat value for a fixed time. A controller (28) is provided to detect the moisture content of the carrier from the temperature rise value detected by the temperature detector.    The processing chamber contains the carrier of the microorganism which dissolves an organic substance and decomposes the organic substance such as the organic refuse. A moisture content sensor (S) for detecting the moisture content of the carrier with which the organic substance is blended. A temperature detector is provided to detect the temperature which rises depending on the moisture content of the carrier when heated by a heater. When the moisture content is low, heating is carried out with a low heat value for a fixed time, when the moisture content is detected by the moisture content sensor.    USE -   For organic substance processing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The detection accuracy of moisture content is more than a fixed value required in case moisture content adjustment is raised. The system prevents the water component in the carrier near the moisture content sensor from evaporating and drying due to heat generation. It increases the process capability of the apparatus. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross sectional view of the organic substance processing apparatus. (1) Processing chamber; (4) Microorganism carrier; (28) Controller; (S) Moisture content sensor.
NOVELTY - Stirrer in a storage tank, is rotated by a magnet connected to the motor without any direct contact between the motor and stirrer.    USE -   The stirrer is useful for processing kitchen wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The non-contact between the stirrer and the magnet ensures desired movement of stirrer within the storage tank. The non-contact between the stirrer and the magnet reduces the energy consumption of the moving stirrer. The efficient rotation and movement of the stirrer enhances the fermentation of organic refuses.
NOVELTY - The coil-like pipe line inside an outer cylinder (11) consists of alternate arrangement of primary and secondary obstacle plates (101,102) of at least three sets. The primary obstacle plate is provided in the space (24) between the pipe and inner wall of cylinder. The secondary is provided in the space between adjacent coils. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid fuel enters from the upper portion of vaporizer (10) and flows downwardly in primary coil pipe line (21) and in secondary coil pipe line (22), the flow path carries upward movement from lower potion. A straight pipe (23) connects the primary and secondary coil pipe lines. A piping for deriving the liquid fuel connected to downstream of second coil pipe line is provided between inner hollow portion. The coil-like pipe line has protrusions.    USE -   For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   By providing primary and secondary obstacle plates alternately, the vaporizer excellent in heat exchange efficiency is obtained by which the efficiency of fuel modifier is notably raised. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of vaporizer used by fuel battery. (10) Vaporizer; ; (11) Outer cylinder; ; (21) Primary coil pipe line; ; (22) Secondary coil pipe line; ; (23) Straight pipe; ; (24) Space; ; (101) Primary obstacle plate; ; (102) Secondary obstacle plate.
NOVELTY - Organic compound is allowed to contact microorganism having degradation activity. Alcoholic or aldehyde compound is used as the source of energy if carbon source does not exist in the medium.    USE -   For recovering soil, air and liquid environments from organic compound contaminants.    ADVANTAGE -   Stable biodegradation and effective purification with convenient restoration of environment is obtained.
NOVELTY - A heater is fixed to the bottom of a treatment tank of a waste processing machine. A sensor detects the temperature of wastes in the tank. A control unit maintains the temperature inside the tank to more than a specific value by adjusting the temperature of the heater, based on detected wastes temperature and on the active state of pathogenic and benign microorganisms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A set of stirring blades fixed to a rotary spindle is provided inside the treatment tank. The electricity supplied to the heater is adjusted by the control unit for adjusting the temperature inside the treatment tank.    USE -   For destroying pathogenic and benign microorganisms in domestic organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The wastes are processed efficiently and the microorganisms are destroyed reliably, since the temperature inside the treatment tank is maintained above a specified temperature by the control unit, based on active state of microorganism and corresponding to the detected temperature of organic wastes. Uniform temperature is maintained inside the tank by the provision of rotary stirring unit.
NOVELTY - Processing organic refuse comprising placing the refuse into an air-tight container, and performing lactic acid fermentation, is new. After the completion of fermentation, the organic refuse is compressed, for removing a part of the liquid, thus reducing the amount of organic refuse.    USE -   The method is used for processing organic refuse such as waste from home, dining out industry, a self-governing system, a supply of food pin center, dining room, infirmary from foodstuff industry, fermentation industry, meat industry and a fishing port.    ADVANTAGE -   The removal of the liquid component of the organic refuse by compression, reduces the moisture content of the refuse and makes burn-out of the organic refuse easy. The organic refuse is processed on a sanitary target. The liquid recovered from the refuse, can be utilized for effective usage. Hence, on the whole processing requires less energy and is economical too.
NOVELTY - A vent is provided a processing apparatus for communication between tanks and for the transfer of material under process. The vent is arranged at the same level or a lower level to a stirring blade. A shutter is provided in the vent for switching purpose accordingly to perform switching of the stirring blade.    USE -   For compost organic refuses such as garbages from domestic or business use, kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   The switching operation of stirring blade prevents the obstruction of processed material during transfer through vent. The processed material is transferred continuously and easily through the vent. Since the stirring blade rotates in only one direction, rotation control of stirring blade is simple.
NOVELTY - A heat treatment involves by adding water, water vapor or alkaline water during thermal dechlorination-degradation of a vinyl chloride resin containing dioctylphthalate (DOP) plasticizer and additive. The resin is hydrolyzed to form phthalic anhydride, alcohol and hydrochloride (HCl) gas. HCl dissolves in the water and the phthalic anhydride crystals dissolve in the alcohol. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a thermal treatment equipment. The equipment comprises a heating furnace (9) which consists of a ceramic ball mill (19) which crushes the plastic waste with constant rotation and stirring.    USE -   For heat treating polymeric wastes such as tire, sludge and especially plastic wastes such as vinyl chloride resin containing plasticizer.    ADVANTAGE -   HCl gas generated is converted into hydrochloric acid and disposed. Crystalline products such as phthalic anhydride are melted and dissolved in the alcohol. The residue obtained after recovery of degraded oil is efficiently processed. Efficient heat transfer from the outer to inner cylinders is achieved. Generation of wax-like heavy oil is prevented by reheating the degraded oil. Reverse flow of HCl gas into the piping is prevented. The adhesion of thermolysis product to the inner and outer cylinders is prevented. Wastage of water is reduced by recycling the used water. The processing time is remarkably shortened. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the thermal treatment equipment of a waste plastic processing apparatus. (1) Waste plastic processing apparatus; ; (4) Oil recovery and gas treatment unit; ; (9)Heating furnace; ; (10) Reflux tower; ; (11) Outer cylinder; ; (12) Inner cylinder; ; (13A-13D) Heat jackets; ; (19)Ceramic ball mill; ; (20) Filter.
NOVELTY - Rice bran fermentation fertilizer comprises plant starch, chitin, microorganism Actinomyces and filamentous fungi, and mature cattle faeces compost or mature rice straw or mature grass compost mixed with rice bran. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of rice bran fermentation fertilizer which involves adding substance containing chitin, plant starch and microorganisms Actinomyces and flamentous fungi to mature cattle faeces compost or nature rice straw or mature grass compost, subsequently it is mixed with rice bran and fermented aerobically.    USE -   As a fertilizer for crops.    ADVANTAGE -   Bad smell due to degradation of proteins is not produced and the fertiliser is obtained within a short period of time.
NOVELTY - Fermentation apparatus has a load detector to detect the agitator (14) load during stirring and a control unit (23) which controls the rotation of agitator, ventilation fan (28) exhaust gas amount and sheet-like heater, based on the detected value of load detector, after closing detachable cover (32).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus includes a detector to detect the opening-closing condition of the detachable cover and a magnetic reed switch (19) to detect the time for the synchronized stirring of the agitator. The agitator is driven by a motor (12) and electricity value for the rotation of agitator is detected by an electricity detector.    USE -   For decomposition of garbage.    ADVANTAGE -   The installation of load detector prevents the drying of carrier by the heater and the ventilating fan. The installation of load detector ensures reliable control of the rotation of the agitator and thus the efficiency of the fermentation apparatus is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of fermentation apparatus. (12) Motor; ; (14) Agitator; ; (19) Magnetic reed switch; ; (23) Control unit; ; (28) Ventilation fan; ; (32) Detachable cover.
NOVELTY - A flue (13) connects coke oven chamber (3) and secondary combustion chamber (6) near a secondary burner (10). Another flue (14) which derives combustion gas of primary zone (5), is provided independent of flue (14). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The coke oven chamber with insertion opening and extraction opening (12), is surrounded by primary zone. The primary burner (4) equipped in primary zone heats coke oven chamber. The coke oven chamber is communicated to secondary chamber with secondary burner. The exhaust gas path (8) releases exhaust gas from secondary combustion chamber.    USE -   To carbonize inflammable wastes such as organic refuse of timber, paper, synthetic resin, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Raises combustion efficiency as uncombusted gas from coke oven chamber is not diluted by combustion gas from primary chamber. Reduces exhaust gas temperature as combustion from primary zone is not heated with secondary burner. Prevents temperature to become low as wind of cooling fan in combustion gas flow path, is separated from secondary burner. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of carbonizer. (3) Coke oven chamber; (4,10) Primary and secondary burners; (5) Primary zone; (6) Secondary combustion chamber; (8) Exhaust gas path; (12) Extraction opening; (13,14) Flues.
NOVELTY - A hopper (1) has a pre-screw (3) which performs kneading of the refuse. The kneaded refuse is sent to a heat tube, via a main screw (13) of a plasticised extrusion apparatus (5), for subjecting it to volume reduction, and is sent out via an outlet (12). A deodorant removal unit (33) removes the harmful gas generated from the ejected refuse. The main screw is arranged in the contact end of the pre-screw along the side direction.    USE -   For plastic refuse or organic refuse from homes or food counters of markets.    ADVANTAGE -   Bad smells generated from the harmful gas is eliminated. Damage to the inner wall of the hopper due to the operation of the pre-screw is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the volume reduction and solidification processing apparatus. (1) Hopper; (3) Pre-screw; (5) Plasticised extrusion apparatus; (12) Outlet; (13) Main screw; (33) Deodorant removal unit.
NOVELTY - The process is simplified and the number of items of equipment reduced, whilst maintaining high yield and purity of hydrogen. There are fewer separation columns and the scrubbing column and the distillation column for separating carbon monoxide and methane have been eliminated. The installation for this process requires only two stripping columns and two phase separators    USE - Recovery of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from a mixture containing these gases and methane    ADVANTAGE - Total recovery of hydrogen at a pressure greater than that of prior art systems    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mixture is cooled, partially condensed and sent to a phase separator (A). The condensate goes to a stripping column (B) to give hydrogen gas (H2) at the top and a liquid containing methane and carbon monoxide (CO) at the bottom. The gas is partially condensed in a heat exchanger (K) and separated in a phase separator (H) into H2 and a condensate. The condensate is sent to a stripping column (I) giving a H2 rich gas at the top and a CO rich liquid at the bottom. The gas is heated and recycled to the mixture to be treated. The liquid fraction from the first column can be sent to a purification column (C) to produce pure carbon monoxide at the top and a liquid rich in methane at the bottom. The gas from the first column and from the first separator are sent to a permeation or adsorption unit, or is recycled to the start of the process. The separation energy is supplied by Joule Thomson expansion of the exiting mixture, or by heat exchange with a cryogenic liquid or by injection of a cryogenic liquid into one of the columns.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Schematic showing installation    First phase separator (A)    Stripping column (B)    Purification column (C)    Second phase separator (H)    Second stripping column (I)    Heat exchanger (K)
The composition of azeotropic mixture refrigerant as a substitute for freon-12 contains such components (wt.%) as 65%-85% of difluoroethane, 11%-29% of isobutane and 1%-9% of butane. In the total mixing ratio range its ozone demand potential value (ODP) is zero, global warming potential value (GWP) is about 110, and its phase-transition temperature drift parameter is small. In the optimum mixing ratio it is azeotropic mixture whose standard boiling point is 29.0 C below zero. Said invention is non-toxic, and high in safety level, can be used as a substitute for refrigerant CFC12of refrigerator, and can be directly injected into the compressor, so that it has no need of changing existent compressor, and its cost is low.
The method for producing biological organic fertilizer by using tobacco stalk as raw material includes the following steps: cutting tobacco stalk, crushing, sterilizing and disinfecting, blending auxiliary materials, fermenting and decomposing, drying and packaging. The fertilizer contains high content of organic matter, humic substance and useful microorganism and can promote the release of soil-combined nutrient elements.    ADVANTAGE -   Its fertility is high and cost is low. It eliminates the viral transmission of tobacco.
NOVELTY - The method involves removing metal sulfides from the tailings using a conventional separation technique, and using the desulfidized tailing as a soil which is capable to support plant life. The desulfidized tailings are further optionally treated with an alkaline substance to neutralize the remaining acidity of any remaining sulfides. A material with effects the fertility and/or biological function of the soil is further added. This may be an organic or inorganic material, such as fertilizer, compost, or microorganisms.    USE - For treatment of mine tailings sites.    ADVANTAGE - Gives minimized cost of the process, and maximized ecological security.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for an environmentally benign soil.    Preferred Features: The organic material is selected for among wood products or manure. Tailings containing metal sulfides and silicates may be treated by flotation or gravimetric separation to separate them into sulfide rich and silicate rich fractions. The sulfide rich fraction may be processed to recover metals such as iron, copper, arsenic, lead, gold, silver, zinc, molybdenum, and/or rare metals. This recovery is preferably by one of a second flotation and a cyanidation.
NOVELTY - Process for treating organic wastewater from livestock industry comprising: (a) aerobic biological treatment of wastewater by submerged biofilter using one or two submerged biofilter units; and (b) subjecting treated wastewater to treatment in a lagoon.    USE - Treating organic wastewater, such as manure-washing wastewater or wastewater from the food industry.    ADVANTAGE - The overall stability of the process is greatly improved, giving a stable quality of treated water which can be safely discharged. The size of lagoon can be reduced compared with conventional methods. Because the treated water has a very low nitrogen content, it can be safely disposed of on a small land area. The system is therefore suitable for small farmers. The treated water contains phosphorus, making it suitable as a fertilizer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The submerged biofilter units each comprise a reactor tank with inlet and outlet, with a frame for partitioning the interior into a number of supporting layers, each with a layer of packing media in which mesh tubes to retain microorganisms are arranged in parallel.
NOVELTY - A process for producing a propellant composition containing 1-50, wt% 1-fluoropropane and 50-99 wt% isobutane, and 10-99 wt% 1-fluoropropane and 1-90 wt% butane to form a binary azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition having a vapor pressure at 25 degreesC higher than that of each compound of the binary compositions.    USE - The compositions are useful as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The binary azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition preferably consists of 1-50 wt% 1-fluoropropane and 50-99 wt% isobutane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The graph shows the vapor / equilibrium curve for mixtures of HFC-254ca (1,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropane) and HFC-263fb (1,1,1-trifluoropropane) at 25 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Method is intended for use in late phases of developing deposits with nonuniform type of collectors. Aqueous solution with microbial biomass and nutrient complex (biochemical production product) is pumped in into oil bed. Use of microorganisms adapted to bed temperature (up to 90 degrees C) and to hydrocarbon nutrition in bed conditions provides concentration of bacteria 1010-1013 clone/ml. Microbial mass is not toxic and does not exhibit carcinogenic and cumulative effects.    USE - Oil and gas production.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced efficiency of displacing oil from bed.
NOVELTY - Method involves culturing microorganisms on liquid waste from palm oil production.    USE - Biotechnology.    ADVANTAGE - Improved method of waste utilization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method involves culturing the following microorganisms on liquid waste from palm oil production; cellulose-destructing fungi of genus Mucor and/or yeasts of genus Candida, and/or bacteria of genus Bacillus. Of fungi genus Mucor strains Mucor sp. MF-1 and/or Mucor sp. MF-2 can be used; of yeast Candida strains Candida foliarum M-07 and/or Candida utilis M-08 or M-09 can be used; of bacterium Bacillus strains Bacillus pumilis 7a or Bacillus cereus KP-4 can be used. Along with fungi Mucor lignin-destructing fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporum P-66 can be grown advisably. Yeast Candida should be grown with fungi simultaneously or successively. Before microorganisms culturing solid waste of this production or waste from agriculture can be added to liquid waste of palm oil production. After culturing yeasts or fungi the following strains of bacterium can be grown on residual substrate: Bacillus pumilis 7a, Bacillus cereus KP-4, Pseudomonas putida DB, Tiodictyon elegans HP or Sulfobacillus thermotolerans M. Liquid waste of palm oil production can be diluted or concentrated.
NOVELTY - Device for anaerobic fermentation of organic waste with output of biogas.    USE - The device is used for sanitary engineering.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a higher efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Anaerobic fermentation of organic waste can be used in biotoilets which need no sewerage. Such toilets are suitable for separately located dwelling houses or country cottages. Device has horizontal body which is divided by partition into two successively connected sections. Installed in first section are units for separate charging of liquid and solid waste. Located in second section is unit for discharge of fermented mass. This unit by means of pump is connected with vessel for storing fermented mass. Unit for charging solid waste is provided with crusher connected with electric motor which is coupled to shaft of mixer having vertical spiral-shaped blades fitted over horizontal shaft. Body of device is provided with water jacket having heater in the form of electric heating element, warmth-keeping liner, and sensor of minimal and maximal levels of mass being fermented. The unit is used for charging liquid waste is connected to source of liquid mass by pipeline installed at incline toward s body. Body is provided with removable side cover having L-shaped overflow pipe. Device allows for creating uniform heating and mixing of mass being fermented.
NOVELTY - Gas is supplied to the inner side of cyclic cell (1). The gas flows inside the cell in cyclic or rotary fashion by applying centrifugal force.    USE -   In solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in electricity generation efficiency as reactivity of gas electrode is high, due to effective trespassing of gas. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cell of solid electrolyte fuel battery. (1) Cyclic cell.
NOVELTY - Treatment of composting fermentation of organic wastes like livestock excrement, sewage sludge and tofu lees involves performing fermentation in a shallow-type fermenter that does not allow the interior air into the atmosphere. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The composting fermentation process is performed in a shallow type fermenter that does not allow the interior air to the atmosphere, thus preventing spreading of bad odor. The construction of the equipment structure is such that the condensed water vapor (dew), falls into the interior of the system An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for plant structure used for fermenting organic waste.    USE -   For fermentation of organic wastes like livestock excrement, sewage sludge and tofu lees    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation treatment prevents exhaust of bad smell generated from the decomposition of organic waste. The process also facilitates for complete fermentation of organic waste.
NOVELTY - Fermentation apparatus for organic refuse treatment includes stirring vanes installed in each chamber of treatment tank driven by a common motor, for maintaining the same temperature in all chambers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A grinder (4) grinds the compost from hopper (3). The ground compost is then mixed with additives and supplied to treatment tank, partitioned to process chambers (11-13). Each chamber includes a vane (19) for stirring composite mixture, where all the vanes are driven by a common motor shaft and maintains same temperature in all the chambers. A spillway (9) is formed on upper portion of last chamber (13).    USE -   For organic refuse treatment.    ADVANTAGE -   Organic refuse processing time is shortened and high quality stabilized compost is obtained with the stirring vanes which maintains all the chambers in the same temperature. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the fermentation apparatus. (3) Hopper; (4) Grinder; (9) Spillway; (11-13) Process chambers ; (19) Vane.
NOVELTY - A pair of substantially enclosed fermenters each having rectangular top opening are arranged in parallel, are new. A transfer machine configured along transverse direction of fermenters, actuates in directions parallel and orthogonal to longitudinal direction of fermenter so as to transfer composting raw material between fermenters.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for compost manufacturing apparatus in which stirring apparatuses with turnover conveyors are reciprocalably provided along longitudinal direction of each fermenter. The transfer machine is equipped to downstream side of the stirring apparatus such that compost raw material from one fermenter is supplied to other fermenter through conveyor and transfer machine. A transfer apparatus is provided to actuate the transfer machine.    USE -   To process organic material for fermentation.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the fermenters are arranged in parallel and loading and unloading portions of composting raw material is not limited, movement of material between fermenters is performed easily. Since the unnecessary operation and apparatus are avoided, the construction of the apparatus is simplified.
NOVELTY - The lower portion of living creature decomposition tank (4) has an air dispersing pipe (7) which is coupled to the blower (6). A heater (8) heats the solid suspension in the decomposition tank. An adhesive unit (5) of conceited bacterium, connects disposer (1) and precipitation tank (3) in introduction pipe (10) which passes along the upper portion of decomposition tank.    USE -   In kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   Decreases amount of energy consumption used for the heater, as heat radiated from the decomposition tank is utilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view and transparent side view of raw refuse processor.    (1) Disposer;    (3) Precipitation tank;    (4) Decomposition tank;    (5) Adhesive unit;    (6) Blower;    (7) Dispersing pipe;    (8) Heater;    (10) Introduction pipe.
NOVELTY - The organic waste of 1.5-7 % of TS concentration is circulated with pump (5) over circulating flow line (4) to and out of fermenter (1) containing micro-organisms. The stirring of mixture containing organic waste and micro-organism generates heat due to friction, which is used for heating the waste.    USE -   The method is useful for heating organic waste such as purification tank sludge, sewage sludge, livestock manure, organic refuse in anaerobic fermenter.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers favorable fermentation as simultaneous action of mixing and heating is provided. Offers recovery of organic component like methane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic composition of the anaerobic fermenter. (1) Fermenter; (4) Circulating flow line; (5) Pump.
NOVELTY - A dust collection cyclone (16) with a dust exhaust outlet (17) is provided between the air exhaust port (13) and the deodorizer (14). A switching valve (18) provided at the dust exhaust outlet is closed based on the moisture content of the fermentation floor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic refuge processing method. The dust collection cyclone is operated, when the moisture content of the fermentation floor is 20 wt.% or less.    USE -   For fermentation of organic refuses.    ADVANTAGE -   The installation of dust collection cyclone prevents the clogging of pipes, dehumidifier etc by the suction of fermentation floor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fermentation apparatus. (13) Air exhaust port; (14) Deodorizer; (16) Dust collection cyclone; (17) Exhaust outlet; (18) Switching valve.
NOVELTY - A screw conveyer (10) provided inside stirring tube (8), grinds and removes the fermented waste through the hole (8a). Water in the tank is ejected through elimination units (15a,15b,16a,16b) provided at the bottom portion of tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic refuse is supplied into a treatment tank (2) through an opening (3). The stirring tube (8) consisting of vanes (9) is inserted through the hole (8a) formed at upper portion of tank so that waste deposited at the bottom of tank is raked up and rised inside the stirring tube.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for processing food waste, composts.    ADVANTAGE -   The water elimination units provided to the bottom portion of tank, eliminates the water from the tank and hence the stirring duration of vane is reduced and aerobic fermentation is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front view of organic refuse processing apparatus for food waste. (2) Treatment tank; (3) Opening; (8) Stirring tube; (8a) Hole; (9) Vane; (10) Screw conveyer; (15a,15b,16a,16b) Elimination units.
NOVELTY - The moisture content of carriers (4) in a process chamber (1) is detected by a moisture content detector. A warm water dispensing pipe (71) dispenses warm water to a heater via a switch which is controlled by a controller based on the detected moisture content. Thus the moisture content of the carriers (4) are maintained at a value suitable for microorganism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The warm water heater (5) has a tank formed by a heat conducting material with its surface (5a) contacting the outer wall of a process chamber (1).    USE -   For performing decomposition process of the organic substances such as garbage using microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the warm water is dispensed automatically when the moisture content of the carrier is reduced, user's hand is not involved and hence harmful effects on user's hands are prevented. Amount of hot liquid supply is limited so that durability of heater is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional right hand side surface view of the organic substances processor. (1) Process chamber; (4) Carriers; (5) Warm water heater; (5a) Contact surface; (71) Warm water dispensing pipe.
NOVELTY - The water heater has a tank (5) made of thermally conductive material. The outer wall of processing chamber (1) is made to contact the surface (5a) of tank.    USE -   In garbage disposal machine.    ADVANTAGE -   Since outer wall of processing chamber is made to contact one surface of tank, thermal capacity is securable. Running cost can be suppressed by reducing hot liquid supply time during low temperature. Prevents reduction of temperature in the chamber by cold intake. Since there is no air space there is no wastage of heat, hence exchange of warm water is performed smoothly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional chart of water heater.    (1) Processing chamber;    (5) Tank;    (5a) Surface of tank.
NOVELTY - Based on the detected pH value of the carrier of microorganism detected, a suitable pH conditioner is supplied and decomposition promoter is also supplied to promote decomposition of organic substance by the activity of microorganism.    USE -   For decomposition of organic refuse from kitchen of home, restaurant.    ADVANTAGE -   Since pH conditioner is supplied, reduction of capacity due to alkalinization or acidification is prevented and suitable countermeasures like injection of pH conditioner can be stimulated. The actual condition inside the carrier is known by pH detection means. At a particular time, the idle supply of pH conditioner can be prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of organic substance processing apparatus.
NOVELTY - Co-fermentation of harvested crops and organic waste to produce biogas for energy generation.    USE - The process utilizes the energy of photosynthesis stored in the harvested crops to produce secondary energy (electricity, heat for district heating, etc.) by using the biogas produced to drive a gas-burning engine which powers a generator producing electricity which is fed into the grid. Exhaust heat from the engine is recovered for use e.g. in district heating.    ADVANTAGE - Advantages include: (i) utilizes natural stored solar energy from plants to produce secondary energy; (ii) utilizes areas of agricultural land directly for secondary energy production; (iii) reduces atmospheric CO2 by binding very large amounts of CO2; (iv) uses renewable raw materials for production of secondary energy without increasing the CO2 content of the atmosphere; (v) ensures a secure future for the agricultural industry; (vi) provides a source of secondary energy which is independent of environmentally harmful, high risk energy production methods; (vii) the co-fermentation process reduces the amount of harmful waste material normally polluting the environment; (viii) provides an innovative means of combining new and existing processes; and (ix) optimizes decentralized utilization of energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for co-fermentation (simultaneous fermentation in admixture) of harvested crops (e.g. starch, sugars, cellulose and fats) and organic waste and residual material (e.g. agricultural liquid manure, clarifier sludge, slurry, food waste, etc.) to produce methane-containing biogas which can be utilized for secondary energy production.
NOVELTY - A plant includes a sorption zone (1), also a denitrification and phosphorus-elimination zone (2). Settled sewage is supplied to the sorption zone which is anaerobic, with a high organic concentration. The second zone is fed with nitrified waste water, and is anoxic.    USE - A plant eliminating phosphates and nitrates from settled sewage.    ADVANTAGE - The new process is a continuously operating biofilm system, combining denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus elimination by heterotropic organisms. Phosphate-storing organisms, do so in their own cells. Other organic compounds are stored in the surface matrices of the organisms or on the surfaces of the substrate. Alternation of conditions, favors multiplication of appropriate beneficial organisms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred features: Biomass effecting purification is immobilized on freely floating substrates contacting waste water in reaction zones. These are recirculated continuously between the two zones. In the sorption zone, organic materials are absorbed, being carried into the denitrification zone to break down nitrates, increasing biological elimination of phosphate. Continuous alternation between anaerobic and anoxic environments, causes multiplication of denitrifying and polyphosphate-storing microorganisms on the substrates, responsible for effectiveness of the zones.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The plant is shown as a schematic plan diagram.    sorption zone (1)    denitrification and phosphorus-elimination zone (2)
NOVELTY - Current generation from hydrocarbon-containing fuel cells, using gas from fuel reforming with carbon dioxide, is new.    USE - For current generation especially from a high temperature fuel cell employing methane (natural gas) as fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Use of CO2 instead of steam for reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel reduces the rate of activity loss of the reforming catalyst so that service life is extended Additionally, the CO2 avoids the need for energy input for water evaporation and produces more CO and less H2 so that good efficiency is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The reforming is carried out within a stack of fuel cells, especially high temperature fuel cells. The CO2-containing off-gas is passed, together with unused hydrocarbon fuel, into a fuel cell or fuel cell stack with internal or integrated reforming.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a fuel cell power unit according to the invention.    Pre-reformer (1)    High temperature fuel cells (2)    Water condensation unit (3)    Post-combustion chamber (4)    Return line (5)    Pre-reformer supply line (6)    Heat exchangers (8, 9)
NOVELTY - A coolant for super low temperature cooling comprises: (a) Trifluoromethane; (b) Perfluoroethane; (c) Propane; and/or (d) Butane.    USE - The coolant is used for refrigerators and freezers.    ADVANTAGE - The invented coolant has good miscibility with lubricating oil. It does not deplete ozone and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
NOVELTY - A pump (4) maintains a precise flow of fluid to a chemical or biochemical reactor in which two or more reactants are brought together under specified physical conditions of temperature and pressure.    USE - Piston-operated pump maintaining a precise flow of a reactant to a chemical or biochemical reactor, and is also suitable for use especially as part of a fuel injection assembly in lieu of rotary pumps.    ADVANTAGE - The pump is capable of delivering a large volume of fluid of precisely determined quantity, and achieves similar accuracy to impeller pumps.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reciprocating piston (6,7) pump incorporates a stop element (17,18) limiting the delivery stroke. The pump further has an electrically driven dosing device (5) which is independent of the pump, which operates by displacing the piston in relation to the stop element about a predetermined variable accumulating stroke corresponding to the delivery stroke.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a suitable pump.    Pump (4)    Electrically driven dosing device (5)    Reciprocating piston (6,7)    Stop element limiting delivery stroke (17,18)
NOVELTY - The decontamination process is carried out by preparing an inoculant of anaerobic and aerobic microbes, mixing with contaminated soil to form a solid compost mixture. The mixture is composted with an initial redox potential level of negative 200 mV and later with a positive level of 100 mV.    USE - For decontaminating PCB contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE - Two stages of composting using separated microbe inoculants or slurry environment is not required and the decomposition process takes less time. Partial or complete remediation can be achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The decontamination process comprises:    (a) preparing on inoculant by mixing minor amount of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and highly nutritious heterotrophic medium. The mixture is stored at 20-30 degreesC for acclimation of microbes and to produce viable anaerobic and aerobic microbes, capable of transforming the soil to harmless materials;    (b) (b) admixing soil with amendment material (organic nutrient material) and inoculant (1-20% V/V) to form a solid compost mixture (I); and    (c) composting (I) with 40-100% water holding capacity at 20-65 degreesC.    Initially the redox potential level of (I) is maintained below negative 200 mV until a significant degradation, thereafter (I) is oxygenated to raise and maintain the redox potential level above positive 100 mV for further degradation.
NOVELTY - Soil containing pentachlorophenol contaminants is decontaminated into harmless material by microbes viable under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.    USE - The decontaminating method is useful for degrading contaminants such as pentachlorophenol in soil.    ADVANTAGE - The microbes are viable throughout the anaerobic-aerobic treatment cycles and hence repeated supplementation of microbes is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A decontamination method of soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol comprises:    (i) Admixing soil with amendment material to form a solid compost mixture containing organic nutrients;    (ii) Composting the soil, while maintaining the temperature of the compost mixture in the range of 20-65 degreesC, the water retaining capacity in the range of 40-100% and the redox potential level below-200 mV until a significant amount of contaminant is degraded; and    (iii) Oxygenating the compost mixture to raise the redox potential level to above +100 mV and maintaining the redox potential level until significant amount of the contaminant is degraded.
NOVELTY - An inoculant of viable anaerobic and aerobic microbes is prepared and mixed with soil contaminated with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and which is mixed with the amendment material to form a compost mixture. The compost mixture is composted at 20-25 degreesC and at -200 mV and then oxygenated to raise the redox potential to 100 mV which is maintained until a significant amount of contaminant is degraded.    USE - To decontaminate the soil containing HCB.    ADVANTAGE - The process is capable of decontaminating the soil to whatever extent desired, either partial or complete remediation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The decontamination process of contaminated soil which involves preparing an inoculant mixture comprising a minor amount of the contaminant and highly nutritious heterotrophic medium which is stored at 20-30 degreesC for sufficient time to acclimatize the microbes to the aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and to produce viable aerobic and anaerobic microbes capable of bioremediation under these conditions. It is mixed with soil added with amendment material and inoculant to form a solid compost mixture comprising organic material and 1-20% of the inoculant. The soil is composted initially by maintaining the compost mixture at a temperature range of 20-65 degreesC and water content range of 40-100% of water holding capacity, and a redox potential of -200 mV. It is then oxygenated to raise the redox potential level to 100 mV and to maintain it above 100 mV, until a significant amount of contaminant is degraded.
NOVELTY - The multi-compartment rotary composter (10) has a variable speed rotary drive means and variable speed air handling system. Temperature sensors (62) are mounted in some of the digestion compartments with carbon dioxide (69) and ammonia (68) gas detectors inserted into the airflow path. Computer processing means (75) are used to control the process according to predetermined parameters with a range of data display means (78,79).    USE - As a rotary composter for waste material.    ADVANTAGE - The system is more closely controlled to optimize performance, efficiency and capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: - The control means may include a look up table of preferred operating conditions. The computer may vary the composter speed and the airflow to maintain optimized conditions. The temperature sensors may be connected through slip rings to rotate with the individual composter compartments. The material feed to the composter may also be controlled. Construction details of the control system, sensors and the composter frame are also disclosed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic of the composter.    Composter (10)    Drum vessel (11)    Rotary drive (20)    Individual compartments (33)    Temperature sensors (62)    Slip ring connections (63)    Gas flow path to sensors (67)    Ammonia sensor (68)    Carbon dioxide sensor (69)    Control computer (75)    Results display (78)    Remote phone connection (79)
NOVELTY - The process separates methane from the C2+ components of the feed gas by cooling the feed under pressure and forming condensed and uncondensed fractions. The condensed stream is further cooled by expansion and fed as a top feed to a fractionation column, while the uncondensed stream is also cooled by expansion and fed to the midpoint of the column. The expanded second stream should be sub-cooled before passing to the column. The overhead temperature of the column is set to give a high recovery of the light component of the feed, and is controlled by varying the relative volumes and temperatures of these two feed streams.    USE - For removal of methane from a mixed C1-C3+ feed gas, and recovery of C2, C3 and C4+ components from natural gas, refinery gas or synthetic gas streams. Especially useful for rich gases at 600-1000 psia or more and column overhead temperatures of -110 deg.F or lower.    ADVANTAGE - Can give improved recovery of C2 hydrocarbons and/or reduced compression requirements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ADDITIONAL CLAIM is included for a variant process in which the volatile overhead is divided into two parts: one part is recompressed, cooled and condensed, expanded and fed back to the column as overhead. The feed gas is compressed, cooled, expanded, sub-cooled and fed to the column at the midpoint. In both variants, part of the overhead stream may be used in a heat exchanger to sub-cool the feed to the column midpoint: alternatively, liquid may be removed from the tower at about the midpoint and used to sub-cool the feed. Both the overhead stream and the liquid stream may be used together to sub-cool the feed. The sub-cooling may also be accomplished within the column by withdrawing liquid at a point above the midpoint, sub-cooling it and reintroducing it at a point above the withdrawal point. The cooling of this liquid may be achieved by heat exchange with the overhead stream.
NOVELTY - Methane is converted to higher hydrocarbons by contacting it and a gaseous oxidant with non-acidic solid materials comprising an alkali metal component. The reaction is conducted in the absence of reducible metal oxides.    USE - The process is used to convert natural gas to more readily transportable materials such as ethylene, ethane and other light hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - The process utilizes simpler, less complex solid systems than the previously used catalysts comprising reducible metal oxides. The use of non-acidic catalysts also minimizes the coking and product decomposition problems associated with acidic catalyst systems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) Oxidative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons by contacting it and a gaseous oxidant with a solid material comprising:    (a) a component comprising Group IA or IIA metal(s);    (b) a component comprising (compounds containing) phosphate radicals; and optionally    (c) (compounds containing) halogen ions.    (2) Conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons and water by contacting it and a gaseous oxidant with a non-acidic solid comprising silica and at least one alkali metal component at 700-1200 degreesC.    Both reactions are conducted in the absence of reducible metal oxides.
NOVELTY - Organic sulfurous-containing waste is ground, added to fine-grain shale and heated up to 470-500 C. Said heating takes place by mixing waste with heated circulating ashes away from air. Thus obtained steam and gas mixture is fed for its purification and condensation. Hard carbonic residue is roasted and in ashes form it is returned to heating stage. It is used there as heat carrier and chemical absorbent. Thus worn tires, waste of industrial rubber, soil or sand being contaminated by hydrocarbon composition may be utilized.    USE - Utilization of organic sulfurous-containing waste.    ADVANTAGE - Improved efficiency of the method. 4 cl
NOVELTY - Organic waste with adjusted density is introduced to the anaerobic fermenter (10) and granules (9) are formed by self-fixation of anaerobic microorganism. The fermentation liquid flowing out of tank is filtered to maintain the floating state of anaerobic microorganism. In the presence of high concentration microorganism, methane fermentation of organic waste is carried out.    USE -   For extraction of methane from organic waste e.g. sewage sludge, livestock manure, faeces, urine, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Reintroduction of microorganism obtained by filtration of fermentation liquid ensures fermentation with high speed and efficiency. Filtration of fermentation liquid done in a membrane separation tank having liquid stirrer prevents clogging of separation membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows explanatory diagram of methane fermentation tank. (9) Granules; (10) Anaerobic fermenter.
NOVELTY - A garbage processing machine (I) with detachable container and a fan to circulate hot air to the garbage, is new. The detachable container is made of polyolefin and polystyrene resins.    USE -   (I) may be used for processing garbage.    ADVANTAGE -   As the inner wall of the container is made out of resin, the garbage (after drying) does not stick to the container therefore facilitating easy cleaning of the used container. The conductive outer wall improves the heat supply velocity and rate of drying.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of a garbage processing machine. (2) Inner container; (4) Fan; (5) Stirrer.
NOVELTY - The solid content and supernatant liquid of an organic waste are separated and the solid content is fermented at an anaerobic condition. The sludge from the fermentation is mixed to the supernatant liquid after dehydration and the mixture is dephosphorised by crystallisation.    USE -   For dephosphorising organic wastes such as foodstuff waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The phosphorus of the organic waste is efficiently recovered without using any coagulant of iron or aluminium group. The recovered phosphoric acid magnesium ammonium can be utilised as fertiliser. Inhibition of fermentation by the coagulant is eliminated, the sludge amount is reduced and the sludge is effectively used.
NOVELTY - A novel microbe is Bacillus SP.1S5(FERMP- 16778). The microbe can breed and has decomposition activity towards organic waste below 5.0 pH and above 45 C in an aerobic condition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (i) Decomposition method of organic waste using microbe involving contacting microbe with organic waste. (ii) Decomposing device for organic waste which consist of a decomposition treatment tank. An opening to supply organic waste is provided to the upper part of the tank. Stirrer and a supporter carrying microorganism are provided to the tank.    USE -   For decomposition of organic waste (claimed) containing fruits and vegetables. The apparatus can be used for home, restaurant and for public large sized treatment purposes.    ADVANTAGE -   The microbe can be used for all types of organic waste especially it has excellent decomposition activity towards fats and oils. The apparatus can be used for large sized or small sized treatment purposes. The microbe can breed even in pH less than 5 and during breeding of the microbe occurrence of bad smell and disease attracting insects are avoided. The decomposed product can be recycled and can be used for fertilizer.
NOVELTY - The waste mixture solid fuel is a mixture of at least three kinds of waste plastics acting as combustion heat generation agent, combustion inhibitor and binder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for incineration processing method of waste.    USE -   For incineration process in fluid bed reactors.    ADVANTAGE -   Stable and complete combustion can be performed so that the production of toxic substances e.g. dioxin by the incomplete combustion of wastes and rapid combustion of light weight plastics, etc are suppressed. The need for the reclamation of incineration ashes is eliminated. The elution of heavy metal from combustion ashes can be prevented, stably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows mode of burning of various inflammable wastes in the fluid bed furnace.
NOVELTY - A current sensor (24) connected to a motor (17) detects current value supply to it, which is compared to a predetermined value. When the detected value is less than predetermined value over fixed time period, a primary burner (4) is switched off. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A coke oven chamber (3) which contains waste is heated by a primary burner (4), stirred by a mixing blade (15). The blade is driven by a motor (17). A secondary combustion chamber (6) burns unburnt gases let out from the coke oven chamber. A temperature sensor (20) detects the temperature of coke oven chamber. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating device of carbonizing apparatus.    USE -   For carbonizing inflammable waste e.g. organic refuse of timber, paper, synthetic resin.    ADVANTAGE -   The energy saving is achieved by preventing excessive burner operation, thereby minimizing wastage. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the carbonizing process apparatus. (3) Coke oven chamber(4) Primary burner; (6) Combustion chamber; (15) Mixing blade; (17) Motor; (20) Temperature sensor; (24) Current sensor.
NOVELTY - An air supply system (19) supplies air to a secondary combustion chamber (6) whose temperature is detected by a temperature sensor (23). A controller (21) increases the air supply quantity when the sensor detects a temperature higher than the predetermined value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A coke oven chamber (3) heats waste and generates unburnt gases which are completely burnt in a secondary combustion chamber (6).    USE -   For carbonizing apparatus used to process organic waste, timber, paper, synthetic resin and other domestic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The complete combustion is achieved by varying air supply quantity based on temperature detected in secondary combustion chamber. The number of parts is decreased by having fewer blowers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a block diagram of the carbonizing apparatus. (3) Coke oven chamber; (6) Secondary combustion chamber; (19) Air supply system; (21) Controller; (23) Temperature sensor.
NOVELTY - The soil is processed below the ground potential at 60- 100 C with a pH 4-7 in presence of anaerobic bacteria to activate the soil. The activated soil is coated with polymeric humus.    USE -   For fodder, plant activator, food stuff additive, cosmetics raw material.    ADVANTAGE -   The digestion of the fertilizer, compost and food added to the soil is enhanced. The environmental pollution is prevented as unpleasant odor is not released during the process.
NOVELTY - The top of a tank (3) in which the organic refuse (20A) that is to be decomposed is stored, is covered by a lid (2). The powder like detergent (90) of specific quantity is loaded in a stage (73) of a supply unit (71) in the lid. The powder like detergent is supplied to the tank from the stage, when the lid is opened. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lid opening force is used to inject the detergent.    USE -   The apparatus is used for the automatic supply of powder like detergent for microorganism based organic refuse processor which decomposes organic refuse ejected from homes, restaurants or infirmary.    ADVANTAGE -   The processor reduces the cost of an injection mechanism by simplifying its structure. The structure of the injection mechanism is simplified by using a lid opening force for injection of detergent. This enables an accurate supply of detergent of specific quantity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of organic refuse processor. (2) Lid; (3) Tank; (71) Supply unit; (73) Stage; (90) Detergent.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system comprises a reformer unit (18) for generating hydrogen from an energy carrier, especially a liquid material (28), under supply of air for operating a coupled fuel cell unit (10). An oxidation arrangement (34) is arranged between reformer unit and fuel cell unit for converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. The reformer unit and the fuel cell unit are associated with a two-stage compressor (49) for air.    USE - For drive system of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables cost-effective and environmentally friendly application for producing electric energy with high degree of efficiency and small installation space.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is provided for a method for producing electric energy through the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an arrangement according to the invention.    fuel cell unit (10)    reformer unit (18)    liquid material (28)    oxidation arrangement (34)    two-stage compressor (49)
NOVELTY - A process for making a polymer foam sheet comprises: (a) extruding a foamable composition of polypropylene and a blowing agent at a certain temperature and pressure through an annular extrusion die; (b) allowing the foam to cool below the melting temperature of polypropylene; and (c) cutting the tube of foam along its radius to form a foam sheet.    USE - The process is used for making thermoformable polypropylene foam sheet.    ADVANTAGE - The foam sheet prepared from the process is thermoformable to a desired shape, configuration or contour. It is rigid to prevent sagging and can maintain its shape even when exposed to elevated temperature. The foam sheet offers good cushioning properties and exhibits good sound and thermal absorption. Its surface is free from rips, tears, folds and other defects that impair its use in the desired application.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The rate of extrusion is sufficient to prevent foaming of the composition prior to exit to the die. The foam tube has a density of 16-200 kg/m3, an open cell content of less than 70%, a circumference of 1 m and a thickness of 2-25 mm. The blowing agent is used in amount 0.2-4.5 mole/kg of polymer. The foam sheet has at least 70 wt.% of the polymer with a melt strength of 25-60 cN at 190 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Cleaning a component of a flat-panel display includes subjecting the component to a fluid whose absolute pressure exceeds the absolute pressure at the triple point and is at least 20% of that at the critical point of a mole-fraction dominant constituent.    USE - The invention is used for cleaning components of flat-panel cathode-ray tube displays.    ADVANTAGE - The invented cleaning technique is utilized to remove a substantial portion of the damaging organic residue, thus avoiding performance degradation. The cleaning fluid used has a quite higher solvency at elevated pressure compared to that at standard pressure, and lower viscosity and surface tension compared to that of the standard, which all in turn lead to rapid wetting of, and good penetration into the material that comes in contact with the fluid, thus providing excellent cleaning performance. The dominant component of the cleaning fluid is carbon dioxide which does not cause significant damage to the environment. The invention, as a whole, thus provides an efficient, environmentally safe way for cleaning components of a flat-panel display.
NOVELTY - Inorganic microporous hydrophobic membrane is produced by hydrolyzing a metal alkoxide with a hydrocarbyl metal alkoxide having at least one non-hydrolyzable group in an organic solvent to produce a metal (hydr)oxide sol. The metal (hydr)oxide is precipitated and dried. At least 75% of hydrocarbyl metal is introduced into the solvent after hydrolyzing at least 20% of the metal alkoxide.    USE - The invention is used for producing an inorganic microporous hydrophobic membrane which is useful in separating components from mixtures containing them.(claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an improved method which results in (un)supported hydrophobic membranes having pores sizes in the subnanometer range, and having permeances for small molecules e.g. hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and methane; and having good separation factors for these gases with respect to large alkanes e.g. propane and butane, and for compounds e.g. sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) microporous hydrophobic inorganic membrane having an average pore size of less than 2 nm and a hydrophobicity index octane/water of at least 2, which is obtained by the invented process; and    (B) use of the microporous membrane in (A) for separating components from mixtures containing them.
NOVELTY - Removing gas contaminants using a shallow sparged bioreactor containing a liquid into which the gas contaminants are introduced as a bubble stream.    USE - The method is useful for removing gas contaminants generated by industrial processes, treatment of contaminated soils and wastewater treatment plants.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a small footprint and is less complex, more reliable and more efficient to operate than most other biotreatment methods.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of removing select gas contaminants comprises:    (1) providing a bioreactor with a chamber for containing liquid which is positioned in the chamber forming a column with a top and bottom surface defining a height. The bioreactor also has a gas dispersal unit positioned in the column and a biomass selected to metabolize the gas contaminants suspended in the liquid. The reactor lacks a medium to which the biomass may attach;    (2) feeding the gas contaminant having a low Henry's coefficient (measured in (L Liquid/ L Gas) at a ref temperature of 20 degrees C) into the gas dispersal unit to produce a stream of bubbles containing the gas contaminant which is a food source for the biomass; and    (3) allowing the stream of bubbles to sparge through and exit the column at the top.
NOVELTY - Reformer (50) provides reformat directly to a furnace (20) for providing heat and to a fuel cell assembly (40) for supplying electrical power. Controller (80) distributes the reformat to the furnace and to the fuel cell assembly in response to the heat and electrical power needs of the building. Heat exchanger (24) is provided in the fuel cell assembly for extracting heat from the reformat.    USE - For supplying heat, hot water, electrical power to residential and commercial building.    ADVANTAGE - Provides adequate supplies of heat and electrical power to building efficiently by the operation of a controller and multiple sensors and valves are readily installed in a building and operated using readily available fuel e.g. natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, propane for providing heat, hot water and electrical power to the building.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Carbon monoxide in the reformat is supplied to the fuel cell assembly. Hot water tank is connected to the fuel cell assembly for heating water in the hot water tank and for cooling the fuel cell assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of the integrated system including a fuel processor, furnace and the fuel cell assembly.    Furnace (20)    Heat exchanger (24)    Fuel cell assembly (40)    Reformer (50)    Controller (80)
NOVELTY - Sludge dryer (10) having a number of drying zones, each with infrared emitters with temperature regulation; means (16,18) for producing flow of sludge; controller (53); means for transmitting to controller signals representative of surface temperature of emitters in each zone, and wet bulb temperature of air in each zone; means of transmitting to controller signals representative of interruption and non-interruption of sludge flow; processor to receive and compare signals with each other and with set point signals, and transmit control signals to regulate emitter temperatures and sludge flow means.    USE - Drying wastewater and industrial sludges.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of radiant energy that can be safely transmitted to the sludge is maximized, without the risk of the sludge combusting. Sludge drying time is minimized. By monitoring the temperature of components of the apparatus and controlling radiation accordingly, corrosion and metal fatigue and metal deformation are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a sludge dryer having metal frame; auger troughs divided into drying zones, each trough having inlet and outlet, upper transverse supports and cover, each trough having sludge space and air space; augers in troughs; sludge inlet chute and sludge outlet chute; infrared heaters with surface temperature controls; and controller as above. Preferred Features: Flow is by augers. Infrared emitters produce wavelength between 2.5 and 3.5 microns. Infrared emitters are gas powered. Dryer is made of metal components. Temperature of some components is determined and signals are transmitted to controller.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the dryer.    dryer (10)    metal skid (12)    steel framework (14)    upper and lower trough assemblies (16,18)    sludge inlet chute (30)    sludge transfer chute from upper to lower trough (20)    duct (44)
NOVELTY - Dewatered sludge and dry sludge grains from granulation dryer are mixed in a predetermined ratio maintaining drying waste gas at a temperature 105-115 C.    USE -   For sludge processing, drying sewage and human waste treatment to obtain fuel and cultivating soil for horticulture.    ADVANTAGE -   The measurement of waste gas temperature is calibrated to determine the moisture content of sludge in the dryer and the mix ratio is adjusted accordingly. By adding a predetermined amount of dewatered sludge to the dryer, the load on the dryer is optimised and stable run of dryer is ensured.
NOVELTY - The plates (301, 302) consisting of wave like spring material, are arranged between the separators (201, 202) and the electrodes (103,105). The clearance (401) formed between the separator (201) and the electrode (103) is used as fuel gas passing groove. The clearance (402) formed between the separator (202) and other electrode (105) is used as oxide gas passing groove.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrodes are formed on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film (101). The hot fuel gas is supplied to one side of electrode and oxide gas is supplied to other electrode.    USE -   For supply of fuel gas and oxide gas to solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies pressure management of battery. Prevents damage of electrode by increasing pressure exerted between separator and electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of unit cell. (103,105) Electrodes; (201,202) Separators; (301,302) Plates; (401,402) Clearances.
NOVELTY - Inside sealed fermentation tank sludge and thermophilic bacteria are mixed for fermentation. The steam generated from fermentation drives compressor of heat pump. The steam is absorbed in evaporator as source for heat in summer and in winter used for heat generation in condenser.    USE -   For driving air-conditioner, boiler in gas turbine using exhaust steam from industrial waste, faeces, urine, organic refuse, fermentation plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Offers running of air-conditioning plant and heating system with steam generated from fermentation tank. Utilizes sludge generated from fermentation tank as fertilizer for agricultural purpose. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fermentation tank.
NOVELTY - The raw material ground in a grinding unit (14) is taken out by opening it and conveyed by a screw accommodated in an internal hole. A detachable nozzle (16) carries out the compression molding of ground raw material conveyed on the screw (36). The nozzle forms a hole for steam emission (48) which communicates the internal hole from outside.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The internal hole is a compression hole (44) which provides a predetermined pressure in raw material. The molding hole (46) provided in the conveyance direction cross section succeeds the compression hole and is larger than the compression hole.    USE -   For grinding chaff or saw dust, mixing it with wastes and molding into curl shapes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The raw material is compressed, occurring expansion strength is reduced and molded to defined shape by the nozzle. The water vapor generated at the time of compression from the raw material is taken out through the hole or groove. When a molded article is used as fuel, it is easy to fire.#    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional of the grinding and molding apparatus. (14) Grinding unit; (16) Detachable nozzle; (36) Screw; (44) Compression hole; (46) Molding hole; (48) Steam emission.
NOVELTY - The ground chaff is conveyed by the compression hole (44) on a screw (36) from an exhaust outlet (40). The detachable nozzle (16) includes a shaping hole (46) formed larger than the path of compression hole (44). A groove (50) is formed longitudinally adjacent the screw (36).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The grinding unit (14) includes a hole (28) in which chaff is supplied from a supply hole (38). The convex portion of a rotor (32) and the convex portion of a housing (30) side and chaff is ground.    USE -   For grinding e.g. chaff or sawdust which are used in making compost by mixing ground chaff with wastes for agriculture, livestock and industry.    ADVANTAGE -   Grinding and compression molding is performed simultaneously. Grinding is performed efficiently even by removing nozzle. When a raw material is compressed, expansion strength is high. The expansion strength is adjustable hence the molding is performed effectively to defined shape.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of the grinding apparatus. (14) Grinding unit; (16) Detachable nozzle; (28) Hole; (30) Housing; (32) Rotor; (36) Screw; (38) Supply hole; (40) Exhaust outlet; (44) Compression hole; (46) Shaping hole; (50) Groove.
NOVELTY - A fermentation decomposition device (46) is fed with a mixture of organic refuse and microbial strain, for fermentation by heating as warm water is supplied selectively. A control apparatus (48) is provided to control the warm water temperature to predetermined value for activating the microbial strain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The warm water which is also heated by electricity, gas or fossil energy, is maintained to predetermined temperature and is heated by solar light and then stored in warm water tank (44). The fermentation decomposition device has a grinding apparatus which grinds the supplied organic refuse by mixing with the strain sufficiently to promote fermentation. Excessive water component is sucked to process the organic refuse into a non-residue after supply of predetermined quantity of air. The thermophilic bacteria and phototrophic bacteria is used to carry out fermentation of sludge.    USE -   The system is used for decomposing organic refuse such as industrial waste, domestic waste and in compost processing system equipped with solar water heater (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The system performs efficient treatment of organic refuse or sludge using microorganism as the control apparatus is provided to enhance the fermentation by warm water temperature more than predetermined value, which activates strain. Obtains cheap energy as the solar light heats the water and stores in warm water tank. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic perspective diagram of non-residue processing system. (44) Warm water tank; ; (46) Fermentation decomposition device; ; (48) Control apparatus.
NOVELTY - The fermentation of organic waste (4) is performed in presence of particulate material (5) formed from fiber.    USE -   The method is used for fermenting organic waste which is used as compost, fodder, fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE -   The organic waste can be fermented effectively. The organic waste is fermented in presence of material which can be recycled. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fermentation of organic waste. (4) Organic waste; ; (5) Particulate material.
NOVELTY - Processing involves supplying 100 pts.wt. of garbage containing 5-20 pts.wt. of supplement materials to a fermentation tank to carry out continuous aerobic fermentation.    USE -   The method is useful for processing compost of fish guts-containing garbage.    ADVANTAGE -   The fermentation object in the tank does not need to be interchanged, even when aerobic fermentation is continuously performed over a long period. The amount of supplement materials required is very less for the processing. Good compost with less amount of crude fat is obtained.
NOVELTY - Mulberry trees in abandoned mulberry field are cut and the roots are extracted. 5-10 kg of lime powder, 10- 15 kg of composed materials and 7-15 kg of mature compost are dispersed in the field and ploughed. After the cultivation, the seedlings are transplanted.    USE -   The method is used for converting abandoned mulberry field into cultivation farmland.    ADVANTAGE -   The abandoned mulberry field can be converted into cultivation farmland easily.
NOVELTY - The interface has at least two means of introducing the waste, comprising introduction channels (72, 74) connected to first and second inlets into the cavity. It also includes a press (79, 81) to compact the waste and push it into the two introduction channels, and means of controlling the compaction and loading process whilst maintaining the integrity of the cavity (no air ingress)    USE - For burning urban and/or industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - Better control of pollutants from such waste.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The incinerator contains a cavity (50) sealed from the air, with an interface for introducing the waste into the cavity and an outlet for gases; an envelope surrounding the cavity; at least one burner with an inlet connected to the outlet from the cavity and an outlet to deliver a combustion gas into the envelope; and means of introducing the waste which receives, compacts and loads the waste into the incinerator interface whilst preventing any air ingress.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view from under the two introduction channels.    Cavity (50)    First inlet (51)    Second inlet (53)    First introduction channel (72)    Second introduction channel (74)    Press (79)    Press (81)    Air purge (88)
NOVELTY - In a process to dispose of household and catering organic kitchen refuse (G) including especially liquid wastes, the especially food residues are deposited in especially a plastics bag (6a) within an outer container, and covered by an airtight lid.    USE - The plastics coating prevents the emission of unwanted odors.    ADVANTAGE - The process prevents the escape of contaminants such as spores and bacteria to the immediate vicinity and dispenses with an air filter.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A quantity of a biodegradable liquid plastics is released as a spray to float on the surface of the upper fluid layer where it cures into a semi-flexible coating. The plastics spray incorporates a disinfectant agent and/or a surfactant, etheric oils, sulfur, a bonding agent, dye or enzyme. The bag is sealed prior to transport to e.g. an open disposal site.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the refuse bag with contents within a holder.    Household and catering organic kitchen refuse (G)    Plastics bag (6a)
NOVELTY - A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit (34) of a fuel cell system.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical energy can be economically and environmentally produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system for a vehicle comprises a reformer unit (18) to produce hydrogen from an energy carrier, especially a liquid raw material (28) to operate a fuel cell unit (10). An oxidizing unit (34) for converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide is arranged between the reforming unit and the fuel cell unit. A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit of a fuel cell system. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing electrical energy using the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.    fuel cell unit (10)    reforming unit (18)    mixer (20)    water-spraying unit (26)    raw material (28)    oxidizing unit (34)
A process for preparing microbial fertilizer with urban garbage includes adding the cultured substances of pseudomonas PF-5 or H10 to garbage, regulating water content, fermenting, classifying, sieving, removing impurities, drying, crushing to obtain dried powder, adding the cultured substances of azotobacter, potassium-freeing bacteria, phosphorus-freeing bacteria, or the bacteria able to generate plant auxin, addition of sugar solution, regulating water content, granulating, fermenting and drying. The fertilizer features no poison and harm, and less investment.
An insecticide for fly, mosquito, louse, cockroach, bedbug, cotton ballworm, mealworm, borer, red spider, blood fluke and cabbage caterpillar is prepared from bacterial strain (50-65 weight portions), enyne bacterial fat (6-10), metherthrin (7-10), mosquito-killing bacterial fat (1.5-2), synergistic amine solution (1-2), emulsifier (2-5), toluene (1-3), span (0.2-0.5) and antistatic agent (1.7-2.5). The bacterial strain is prepared through fermentation of pine and cypress mushroom. It features high and durable effect and no damage to people, animals and fowls.
NOVELTY - A pair of sheets (204,206) that constitute the fluid flow plate (202), has an inward face (208) and an outward fluid flow face (210). An intermediate sheet is interposed between the above sheets. The inward faces of sheets (204,206) are connected through a number of pockets (212).    USE - In automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The provision of interior pockets in fluid flow plate decreases material usage and hence weight of fuel cell assembly. Moreover reduction of material usage reduces manufacturing cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The outward fluid flow face (210) of sheet (204) has flow channel for carrying reactant fluid to fuel cell. The flow channel has an intermediate section connected to several end sections. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fluid flow plate formation method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional diagram of fluid flow plate stack.    Fluid flow plate (202)    Sheets (204,206)    Inward face (208)    Outward fluid flow face (210)    Pockets (212)
NOVELTY - Organic sludge is dewatered and subjected to granulation drying in a dryer, followed by carbonisation in an indirect heat kiln in reduced atmosphere. The carbonisation gas ejected from the kiln is utilised as an additional heat source for the kiln, while the carbonised sludge is used as soil improvement material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - To improve handling property of sludge, it is granulated to size of 2-5 mm mean particle diameter before drying. Also, when carbonised sludge is dispersed mechanically, it is reduced to a size of 2-5 mm mean particle diameter.    USE -   For carbonising organic substance in sludge produced by e.g. sewage treatment or human waste treatment, which is subsequently used as e.g. fuel, soil improvement material or horticulture cultivating soil.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the carbonisation gas is utilised for the heat source of the kiln, fuel cost reduces. Secondary combustion of carbonisation gas is made unnecessary, thus reducing fuel amount and installation cost. Since carbonised sludge is granulated, handling property improves and generation of dust is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process flow diagram for the organic substance carbonisation method in sludge.
NOVELTY - A blade (80) is installed along the peripheral direction of outer circumferential surface of a cutter roll (76). The roll (76) provides the slitting for supporting a molding (90) and the blade cuts the molding conveyed between cutter and receiving rolls (76,92), to predetermined length. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cutter roll (76) and the receiving roll (92) are provided opposingly corresponding to conveyance path of the mold (90).    USE -   In agriculture, livestock and industry used for making compost by mixing ground chaff with wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The cutter roll and receiving roll contact molding by predetermined pressure, depending on the cross-section shape of the molding. The molding can be cut in a rod shape to predetermined length, by simple technique. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial cross-sectional drawing of cutting apparatus. (76,92) Rolls; (80) Blade; (90) Mold.
NOVELTY - Petroleum coke or carbon black is added to sludge for absorbing the odorant in the sludge.    USE -   For removing odour from industrial waste water and from urine and faeces for use as fuel using a ball mill and an ultrasonic processing apparatus for a blast furnace    ADVANTAGE -   An odour-free environment is maintained at a reduced cost by the addition of petroleum coke or carbon black to sludge.
NOVELTY - Fermentation apparatus includes detection controller which detects and judges the rotation locking of the stirrer (14) based on the pulse detected value of the magnetic read switch at predetermined rotation periods. The rotation of the motor (12) is stopped based on the pulse detected value of the magnetic read switch.    USE -   For fermentation of organic substances like garbages.    ADVANTAGE -   The installation of rotation detection controller eliminates the reverse rotation and half locking of the stirrer. Safety of the user is ensured as the locking condition of the stirrer is indicated by a warning portion. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fermentation apparatus. (12) Motor; (14) Stirrer.
A new solid acid catalyst for isomerizing the main chain of a saturated hydrocarbon is given by sintering a support of Gp.IV metal hydroxide or oxide which contains Gp.IIb metal or its cpds. and a cpd. having sulfate anion or sulfate anion precursor. Another new acid catalyst claimed has the formula of MO/SO42-/M'O2 (M = Gp.IIb metal; M' = Gp.VI metal). Prodn. of the new solid acid catalyst is also claimed, where the hydroxide or oxide of Gp.IV metal is treated simultaneously or successively with (a) Gp.IIb metal or its cpd. and (b) a cpd. contg. sulfate anion or a sulfate anion precursor; the hydroxide or oxide is stabilized by sintering. Saturated hydrocarbon isomerization is also claimed, where 4-8C saturated hydrocarbon is isomerized in the presence of the new solid acid catalyst.    USE -   For producing branched saturated hydrocarbon (isoparaffin) like isobutane from 4-8C saturated hydrocarbon.    ADVANTAGE -   The new catalyst isomerizes saturated hydrocarbon under a milder condition without chlorine cpds.
NOVELTY - The waste culture medium of mushroom is steam heated and carbonized. The obtained carbide is then put into a cast for molding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the carbonization product.    USE -   For manufacturing carbonization product using waste culture medium of mushroom.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the carbonization product is manufactured using a waste culture medium of mushroom, the carbide obtained has fluidity. The carbonization product of desired shape can be obtained by choosing the mold differing in cavity, hence it is convenient at the time of usage and the effective usage of waste culture medium can be planned. By adding the mixture into a cast and carbonizing it simultaneously, the carbonization product manufacturing time is reduced. The carbonization product obtained by blending the corn cob with the waste culture medium of mushroom make the shape porous thus providing surface activity. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the carbonization product obtained from mushroom culture medium.
NOVELTY - The waste liquid containing organic substance was mixed with the fertilizer present on the top of the sediment. Aerobic fermentation of organic raw material is carried out by adding super thermophilic bacteria. The obtained fertilizer is refermented in aerobic condition and dried to form organic fer- tilizer.    USE -   For manufacture of good quality organic fertilizer using waste liquid containing blood of killed animal (claimed), internal organs of an animal or a human being. It is also used for obtaining organic fertilizer from industrial waste liquid.    ADVANTAGE -   As the organic substance is processed at high temperature, pathogenic microorganism becomes extinct. The waste liquid containing organic substance is converted to high quality fertilizer by very simple method. Thus, the harmful substance is converted into highly utilizable and safe substance. Moreover, fertilizer of good quality containing rich fertilizer component without bad odor can be obtained.
NOVELTY - The primary fermentation of the organic waste is carried out. Granulation is performed followed by secondary fermentation process.    USE -   For composting of organic waste such as sewage sludge, rice bran and saw dust.    ADVANTAGE -   The compost material obtained has excellent storage property, conveyance and use workability. Granulation of the primary fermentation product increases the efficiency of secondary fermentation process. The secondary fermentation pro- cess can be performed in one month and the size of the secondary fermenter is small. Thus, there is reduction of installation area as well as processing time. As the secondary fermentation is carried out in aerobic condition, special apparatus for maintain- ing atmosphere is avoided and thus labor is saved.
NOVELTY - Burners (26) are provided outside a retort (8) at positions corresponding to the distillation carbonization and activation zones (16,17). Generated combustion gas is diverted to the drying zone (15). A pipe (18) supplies gas directly from the drying zone to the activation zone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Drying zone (15), distillation carbonization zone (16) and activation zone (17) are formed in circular retort (8) installed in a furnace (1). The drying, distillation, carbonization and activation zones are separated by partition wall installed in the retort. Exhaust tubes (19) are installed on the retort for release of gas into the dry distillation carbonization and the activation zones.    USE -   For carbonization of high water coolant organic substance such as sludge, faeces, urine, pulp sludge, foodstuff sludge, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces carbonization gas as it is volatilized by heating with organic substance in reduced environment and only carbon and ash are left out. Offers high deodorant effect as pipe directly connects drying zone and activation zone by passing dry distillation carbonization zone. Increases carbonization efficiently, as less heat is required to deodorize odor in gas as bypass pipe is heated by gas in dry distillation carbonization zone.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross- sectional drawing of the continuous carbonization reactor. (1) Furnace; (8) Circular retort; (15) Drying zone; (16) Carbonization zone; (17) Activation zone; (18) Pipe; (19) Exhaust tubes; (26) Burners.
NOVELTY - The combustible gas, whose density is to be measured, is treated in a gas treatment unit (5) with a water component remover (15). After treatment, the gas is introduced to a density detector (6) equipped with a metallic oxide semiconductor type sensor (6a). Based on the output of the sensor, a calibration gas adding unit (14) adds calibration gas to the treatment unit.    USE -   For measuring density of combustible gas e.g. methane.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates long term unmanned continuous operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of gas density measuring apparatus. (5) Gas treatment unit; (6) Density detector; (6a) Metallic oxide semiconductor type sensor; (14) Calibration gas adding unit; (15) Water component remover.
NOVELTY - A fan is equipped at the upper portion of an organic refuse processing tank. A heater provided adjacent to the fan, heats the air blown into the container, to maintain predetermined temperature inside the tank. The fan circulates air into and out of the tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A temperature detection unit is provided to detect the temperature difference between the air inside and outside the tank. When the temperature difference exceeds a predetermined value, the air circulated into the tank is warmed by the heater. A solenoid operated valve is provided to adjust the quantity of air circulated in and out of the processing tank. An inlet port is provided for supply of atmospheric air into the air status regulator equipped in the processing tank. An inlet and exhaust ports are provided in the air status regulator. Sawdust is mixed with organic wastes and stirred by a stirrer during decomposition of wastes.    USE -   The air status regulator is used to control quantity and temperature of air circulated into the domestic processing tank (claimed), that decomposes organic refuses such as vegetable and bread wastes from houses, restaurant and infirmary using aerobic microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE -   Predetermined temperature is maintained reliably in the processing tank by the provision of heater that heats the air blown into the processing tank. By maintaining suitable temperature with warm air supply to the processing tank dew formation is prevented.
NOVELTY - Porous support for microorganism consists of cellulose as the base material and a water soluble polymer containing microorganism is dispersed in the pores of the support.    USE -   The microorganism support is used in aerobic fluid bed-type biological treatment apparatus for biodegradation and denitrification of organic substance present in the polluted water.    ADVANTAGE -   The support can be obtained cheaply and is efficiently utilized in waste water treatment process.
NOVELTY - Metal-containing waste including organic material is pyrometallurgically processed in furnace chamber by blowing reducing gas at high velocity onto its molten surface. Steam and/or oxygen-rich gas are also injected parallel to the surface of the smelt.    USE - For extracting metals, such as zinc, cadmium, lead, and tin, from pyrolyzed waste material or material such as sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE - The process is able to effect complete combustion of the carbon floating on the surface of the smelt and any other organic material. The fuel gas discharged from the furnace still has considerable calorific value and contains volatilized metals or metal compounds which can be removed. Only slags of inorganic materials will remain in the furnace for tapping off right at the bottom of it.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metal-containing waste including organic material is pyrometallurgically processed in furnace chamber by blowing reducing gas at high velocity onto its molten surface. The gas is made by incomplete combustion of a fuel and/or the organic material and oxygen-containing gas. Steam and/or oxygen-rich gas are also injected parallel to the surface of the smelt. The amount of oxygen used is less than that required stoichiometrically for complete combustion of the organic material and fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the furnace chamber. The numbers are not referred to in the patent text.
NOVELTY - The plant sections are joined, forming a closed air circuit (K). Hot air rising in the stack, descends in the heat exchanger section (7) where it is cooled. At other times, it is heated by and rises in the heat exchanger, to return down the stack.    USE - To exploit heat and water vapor from green houses and solid state fermentation plants (i.e. composting plants).    ADVANTAGE - The stack further heats air from the greenhouse, achieving higher useful temperatures. In a separate chamber this heat is exchanged, and the moisture is condensed. Integration of fermenter with greenhouse provides a useful source of CO2, which is a plant nutrient. Additional heat is also released. Natural convective circulation is established in the plant. The system is largely closed and sets up a dynamic balance between heat, moisture, CO2 and O2, minimizing water and energy losses and therefore their make-up requirement.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the corresponding method of operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A schematic cross section of the plant is shown.    solar energy collector (6)    heat exchanger section (7)    air humidifier (8)    thermal storage unit (9).
NOVELTY - A cutter-mixer-feeder wagon for treating materials suitable for producing compost is new.    USE - For the treatment, production and transport of materials suitable for preparing compost.    ADVANTAGE - It allows the material to be cut and loaded with the container on the wagon without making use of fork lift trucks or cranes. This cuts down processing costs for the production of compost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A wagon (1) has a chassis (2') associated with the wagon for supporting conveyor belt (6). A lifting device for collecting the materials to be treated laid outside the wagon, comprises one or more screw feeders (9) equipped with one or more pairs of axially opposed spirals (9',9'') turning in opposite directions and one or more revolving shafts (10) cooperating with the screw feeders. A screw feeder and a shaft are supported by a casing fixed to the chassis (2') and being provided with blades (11,12) for cutting the material and loading it onto the conveyor belt (6).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cutter feeder wagon.    Wagon (1)    Chassis (2')    Conveyor belt (6)    Screw feeders (9)    Opposed spirals (9',9'')    Revolving shaft (10)    Blades (11,12).
NOVELTY - Artificial zeolites are produced by heat treating an inorganic component containing silicic acid and aluminum in the presence of water and an alkali.    USE - For the preparation of zeolites for use as catalysts.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost zeolites of uniform quality may be obtained from low-cost waste materials.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for treating organic raw water utilizing anaerobic microorganisms comprises casing and carrier assembly assembled by piling plural carrier discs of porous polyethylene for rooting anaerobic microorganisms in the space between two discs.    USE - The apparatus is useful for treating raw water containing organic matter or the like e.g. living drainage or factory drainage, by utilizing anaerobic microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The microorganisms are not carried out by flowing water and can treat effectively. The raw water is promoted to a turbulent flow via mutual flowing passages of carrier discs and this makes contact with microorganisms easier and increases treating efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An apparatus for treating organic raw water utilizing anaerobic microorganisms comprises a casing and a carrier assembly. The casing is vertical and has main body, bottom wall and a ceiling and is open and has an inflow port for raw water at the upper portion and an outflow port for the treated water at its lower portion. The carrier assembly is assembled by piling plural carrier discs of porous polyethylene for rooting anaerobic microorganisms inclusively in the space between every two carrier discs, so as not to overlap liquid passages which are provided evenly all over each disc. The assembly is so settled in the casing as to prevent the direct leading of the inflow port to the outflow port.
NOVELTY - In a reactor to ferment biological substances has a container (1) holding the substances as a suspension. The reactor has an inlet (2) and outlets (4, 5) for the fermented reaction products, and means by which the suspension is circulated in an overflow pattern. The container (1) chamber has a number of upright pref. hexagonal shafts (6) submerged within the suspension an located close to the reactor centre and terminating above or below the fluid surface. The reactor (1) has an external displacement pump (10) with a pipe (11) drawing the suspension from the chamber, and an outlet pipe (12, 13) to the base of the shafts (6). The pipe (13) discharge (13) point within the shaft (6) is located below the intake point (11) to the pump (10).    USE - Fermentation reactor for biological residues in suspension.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor can process residues with a higher proportion of suspended solids than prior art.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side-view cross section of the reactor.
NOVELTY - A blowing agent for the production of polyurethane (PU) foam with improved properties contains (a) pentafluoropropane and/or pentafluorobutane and (b) at least one other component selected from optionally halogenated low-boiling hydrocarbons, ethers or halo-ethers and other fluoro-hydrocarbons.    USE - For the production of PU foam for use, e.g. as thermal and/or sound insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the production of PU foam showing good properties with regard to ODP, GWP and photosmog, and a lower thermal conductivity, especially at below 15degreesC, than PU foam made with pure hydrocarbon blowing agents or with pure pentafluorobutane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for the production of PU foam in which the blowing agent comprises a mixture containing (a) pentafluoropropane (preferably 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa)) and/or pentafluorobutane (preferably 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc)) and (b) at least one other component selected from optionally halogen-substituted low-boiling hydrocarbons, ethers and halogenated ethers, difluoromethane (HFC-32), difluoroethane (preferably 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a)), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), pentafluoropropane (preferably 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa)), hexafluoropropane (preferably 1,1,2,3,3,3- or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea and HFC-236fa)) and heptafluoropropane (preferably 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea)).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) mainly closed-cell PU foam containing the above blowing agent compositions; (b) a blowing agent mixture for the production of PU foam with improved properties with regard to thermal conductivity at low temperature, containing or comprising from 1 - 50 wt% HFC-365mfc and from more than 50 to 99 wt% fluorocarbon(s) selected from HFC-134a, HFC-245fa, HFC-236fa and HFC-227ea.
NOVELTY - A process for refining oil from waste plastics with low cost and high output rate includes adding the used machine oil, the vacuum fraction of petroleum and heavy oil to waste plastics of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyester, pyrogenic cracking and fractionating the oil gas to obtain light oil.    USE -   Producing oils from plastic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   It features simple process, less investment on apparatus, no need of catalyst and high output rate up to 90%.
(CN1219523-A)   NOVELTY - A solid organic fertilizer is manufactured by fermenting pressed sugarcane waste and distilled alcohol lees in a ratio of 1:1-1:4, with seeded microorganism.    USE - As fertilizer for improving soil fertility.    ADVANTAGE - The process effectively decompose solid organic waste by microbial activity and produces fertilizer which improves soil fertility. The fertilizer has excellent porosity. The process is simple and economical. An inexpensive and safe solid organic fertilizer is obtained.
NOVELTY - The aerated static heaping based organic material composting technique comprises injection of oxygen under controlled temperature and humidity conditions This reduces the composting trace from 160 to 30 days.    USE -   The composting technique is used in agriculture.    ADVANTAGE -   Overall efficiency and neighbour comfort are increased.
NOVELTY - Animal waste is aerated for four to eight days (1), then treated in a series of aerobic (2 to 4) and anaerobic (5 to 7) fermentation vessels. The oxygen concentration in successive vessels decreases gradually, as it is consumed by bacteria in the waste. Liquid is pumped (14) in batches from one vessel to the next, and solids drawn off periodically (15).    USE - Treatment of animal urine and faeces to produce a useful liquid fertilizer for plants. This may be packaged in small containers suitable for a single dose to a house plant.    ADVANTAGE - A waste product, which is difficult to dispose of, is converted into a valuable product. Odor in the waste is eliminated. The plant feed retains the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients present in the waste.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the treatment process.    Aeration vessel (1)    Aerobic treatment vessels (2 to 4)    Anaerobic treatment vessels (5 to 7)    Mixer (8)    Open vents (9)    Air locks (9')    Liquid transfer pipes (10 to 12)    Valves (13)    Pumps (14)    Drain valves (15)
(AT9801642-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves a fuel cell (1) which has a reformer (16) connected before it. Water and combustion gas are fed into the reformer, to produce hydrogen that is brought into reaction with air in the fuel cell. The delivery of inert water into the reformer is varied to control the temperature of the fuel cell. The water delivery can be regulated according to the reaction temperature in the fuel cell.    USE - For controlling the reaction temperature of a fuel cell with a reformer connected before it.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes disadvantages of conventional methods to enable a high degree of utilization of the fuel cell's exhaust gas thermal energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of an arrangement suitable for executing the method of controlling the reaction temperature of a fuel cell    Fuel cell (1)    Fan (3)    Gas valve (4)    Combustion gas line (6)    Reformer (16)
NOVELTY - The system has a containment vessel. Several fuel cells have fuel electrodes located in the containment vessel. Fuel is delivered serially to the fuel electrodes of the fuel cell. The fuel excess extend in axial directions parallel with each other.    USE - For fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of delivering fuel to a fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partially schematic elevation view of a solid oxide fuel cell generator including a series flow fuel delivery system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
NOVELTY - Production of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide via oxidizing ethylbenzene by oxygen-containing gas (especially oxygen) and may be used in production of isobutane and isopentane hydroperoxides.    USE - Chemical engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Increased yield of hydroperoxide doe to higher oxidation selectivity and reduced yield of acids.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide via oxidizing ethylbenzene by oxygen-containing gas (especially oxygen) and may be used in production of isobutane and isopentane hydroperoxides. Oxidation is carried out at 140 - 160 degreesC (145 - 155 degreesC) at pressure 5 atm until residual oxygen content in non-condensed gas reaches 3 vol.% (not recycled) in a set of vertical reactors provided with vertical stream-distributing heat exchangers. Temperature fall in the cooling liquid in heat exchangers is within 20 - 40 degreesC range. Oxygen-containing gas stream distributors disposed in the bottom part of heat exchangers have openings oriented at angles 45 degrees and flow velocity of oxygen-containing gas ranges from 30 - 90 m/s.
NOVELTY - Apparatus is designed to produce environmentally appropriate fertilizer (biohumus) and feed protein in the waste (including animal- origin one) conversion process.    USE - Waste processing.    ADVANTAGE - Increased productivity of conversion of waste into biohumus and yield of worms-producers per unit weight of feed mixture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Apparatus consists of casing with pan and overflow pipe. Inside pan, there is a support consisting of vertical legs and perforated plate. Side walls of casing are provided with vertical ribs with guides. Screen bottom and supplementary side walls are formed by inserted textile sack, bottom of which is supported by perforated plate of the support.
NOVELTY - Apparatus contains casings with screen bottoms, side walls, and covers, which form a unit on common stay, and overflow pipe.    USE - Waste processing.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced process efficiency due to eliminated wall-boundary drying of feed mixture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the bottom part of each casing, there are pan and support consisting of vertical legs and perforated plate. Side walls of casing are inclined inside at angle 5 degrees and provided with vertical ribs with guides made at angle 25 degrees. Thickness of vertical ribs is 1-5 mm and distance between them 5 to 12 mm. Casings are perforated in one of their parts and have back protrusions and bearing bosses. Cover of each casing consists of upper pan with perforated bottom, loading cone, and suspended bosses. Screen bottom is executed in the form of continuous tape of air and moisture-impermeable cloth with side bulges. Perforated plate of the support is positioned at the same level with perforated part of casing.
NOVELTY - Invention relates to vermicomposting process and may be successfully used on house-adjoining plots and at small farms.    USE - Waste processing.    ADVANTAGE - Enhanced process efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Waste is preliminarily mixed with other components: fowl droppings, manure, sugar production defecate, sapropel, phosphoric acid, ammonia, ashes, sand, phosphorites, rotten leaves, straw, sawdust, etc. taken in specified ratio and in specified sequence. Nutritive mixture obtained in the form of 2-20 mm granules is placed into composting vessel, into which worms and/or their case-worms are then added in amount 26-50 thousand per 1 squared meter Composting is carried out continuously under hothouse effect and countercurrent conditions. Resultant biohumus is separated into case-worms and three fractions. One of them with particle size below 0.5 mm is used as fowl bedding to absorb droppings smell. The second one with particle size greater than 2 mm is returned into waste mixing step, and the third fraction (0.5-2 mm) is used as commercial fertilizer. Separated worm biomass is further used as feed protein.
Soil-conditioning composition comprises culture of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.    USE -   The composition is useful for conditioning the soil (for e.g. acidophile crops and trees).    ADVANTAGE -   This composition permits stable and prolonged maintenance of the acidity of the soil, compared with sulfate or sulfur powder materials.
NOVELTY - The anaerobic microorganism is made to contact the solid ground organic refuse in the liquid decomposition tank (2). The aerobic filter beds (7,9) purify and circulate the treated water from decomposition tank and returns the excess sludge to the decomposition tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the organic refuse processing apparatus.    USE -   The method is useful for processing the organic refuse such as domestic waste, and waste generated from business use working field.    ADVANTAGE -   Since there is no need of adding any deodorizer like ozone, cost can be reduced. The oxidative degradation of almost all the organic substances can be carried out by circulating inbetween aerobic filter beds, hence saves energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of organic refuse processing apparatus. (2) Decomposition tank; (7,9) Aerobic filter bed.
NOVELTY -A method (I) of processing organic waste for the disposal of organic refuse and waste foodstuffs, is new. (I) involves dehydrating the waste and compression crushing it at high temperature after which it is subjected to anaerobic fermentation for methane recovery.    USE -   (I) may be used for processing organic waste such as organic refuse, foodstuff waste, faeces, urine, sludge and livestock manure.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the organic waste is dehydrated, fermentation efficiency and recovery of methane is increased. Compression crushing helps to remove metal, stone and sand and helps in miniaturization of the fermenter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow process of an organic waste processing method. (MW)
NOVELTY - Alkyl sulfoxide reducing bacteria and sulfide utilizing bacteria are fixed on a carrier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (i) manufacture of microorganism fixed on a carrier involving adding a carrier for microorganism fixation and a seeding microorganism to a treated water containing alkyl sulfoxide, performing anaerobic process until generation of odor and degrading the odor component by subjecting the treated water to an aerobic process; and (ii) biological treatment of waste water containing alkyl sulfoxide using the microorganism fixed carrier.    USE -   For processing of waste water containing alkyl sulfoxide (claimed) and for decomposition of organic matter.    ADVANTAGE -   Without using special decomposing bacteria, occurrence of bad smell due to sulfide and disulfide is suppressed due to maintaining the oxidation-reduction potential of the tank and organic component is decomposed sufficiently. The seeding of microorganism during aerobic condition is not carried out.
NOVELTY - A compost of organic waste origin is added to the industrial waste containing soil to make it suitable for vegetation.    USE -   For vegetation purpose.    ADVANTAGE -   The quality of soil is improved satisfying vegetative condition.
NOVELTY - A baffle plate (15) is provided below an air exhaust port (13) to change the flow path of air. The baffle plate is placed at 1/4th distance from air exhaust port which is provided horizontally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Another baffle plate is provided below the air feed hopper in another arrangement to divert the air flow path.    USE -   The apparatus is useful for fermentation of organic wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   Clogging of the suction pipe of fermentation floor in fermenter is prevented by the baffle plate which provides uniform dispersion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of organic wastes processing apparatus. (13) Air exhaust port; ; (15) Baffle plate.
NOVELTY - Composting apparatus for secondary fermentation of sewage sludge including a vertically mounted container rack (where each container has open-closing punching plates at the bottom opening), is new.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Compost containers are stacked vertically in a rack (40). Each container (10) has open-closing punching plates (21 and 31) at the bottom opening.    USE -   For secondary fermentation of sewage sludge.    ADVANTAGE -   The accommodation space required for the apparatus is minimized by vertical stacking of the containers. Secondary fermentation can be satisfactorily performed, by the multistage containers. Special cuts for the passage of sludge are unnecessary.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an elevational view of a system for secondary fermentation of sewage sludge. (10) Container, (21,31) Punching plates, (40) Rack. (MW)
NOVELTY - New manufacture of compost using infertile organic soil comprises inserting a feed pipe equipped with an air supplying nozzle into a deposit comprising a mixture of an organic biodegradable substance and infertile soil. Subsequently, heated oxygen containing gas is introduced into the deposit therefore removing water and disassembling the organic substances.    USE -   The method is useful for manufacture of compost using infertile organic soil.    ADVANTAGE -   The compost is manufactured in a small area in a short time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of the compost. (1) Excavating ground; (5) Deposit; (7) Feed pipe; (8) Air supplying pipe; (9) Head air blower; (10) Exhaust tube; (11) Organic substance.
NOVELTY - Thermolysis of chlorine containing plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is carried out to obtain carbide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing ethylene dichlorides by oxychlorination of the hydrogen chloride formed by thermolysis of PVC, with ethylene.    USE -   Carbide powder is used as a fuel in the baking process of cement manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   Conversion of chlorine containing plastics to carbide is carried out efficiently and economically. The quality of cement is not affected by using carbide powder for baking cement raw material.
NOVELTY - The carbide is generated by thermolysis of chlorine containing plastic using clinker powder.    USE -   For manufacturing cement using carbide.    ADVANTAGE -   The thermolysis is carried out at high rate to carry out the dechlorination of chlorine containing plastics like vinyl chloride, PVC etc. The dehydrochlorination residue which is carbide can be used as a fuel for baking and processing cement raw materials. Since the clinker powder is added during the thermolysis of chlorine containing plastic, conversion to carbide can be carried out efficiently. The addition of clinker powder does not affect the quality of cement obtained and hence has high industrial value.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the manufacturing method of carbide.
NOVELTY - A heater (6) which heats coke oven chamber (4) containing disposed waste (3), is provided to primary combustion chamber (5). A burner (9) which burns gas generated from coke oven chamber by heating thrown waste, is provided in secondary combustion chamber (7) along same direction and line as the heater.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A rectangular casing (2) made of metal plate, has coke oven chamber. The primary combustion chamber is surrounded by coke oven chamber and the heater. An extraction mouth (15) is provided to throw out the processed material of waste which is introduced through insertion opening (14). An exhaust gas route (10) is provided to eject the subsequent gas which is passed through pipe (8) communicating coke oven chamber to secondary combustion chamber formed by heat insulating material.    USE -   For waste processing e.g. inflammable organic substances, organic refuse like timber, paper, synthetic resin and from kitchen.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables easy maintenance and checking operation as the heating apparatus of primary combustion chamber and the burner of secondary combustion chamber are placed in the same direction. Reduces number of portions as an access door is made into one sheet. Reduces cost of materials as the piping for fuel supply in an apparatus is shortened. Shortens work time and simplifies wiring operation as the connection of the lead wire of the electrically equipped component is provided to each heat burner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows transverse plane section and side section of the carbonizing apparatus. (2) Casing; ; (3) Waste; ; (4) Coke over chamber; ; (5) Primary combustion chamber; ; (6) Heater; ; (7) Secondary combustion chamber; ; (8) Pipe; ; (9) Burner; ; (10) Exhaust gas route; ; (14) Insertion opening; ; (15) Extraction mouth.
NOVELTY - A microorganism carrier (I) for microbial decomposition of malodorous gas produced from toilets, kitchens and sewage works is prepared by granulating and baking a mixture containing specific amount of grain-like slag, carbonaceous raw material and a suitable binder.    USE -   (I) may be used for microbial decomposition of malodorous gas produced from toilets, kitchen, sewage works, waste treatment fields, incinerators and cattle sheds. Also used for decomposition of organic waste.    ADVANTAGE -   The microorganism carrier enables fixation of large number of microbes and it is safe for animals, plants and human beings. The carrier does not produce secondary pollution and can be manufactured easily at low cost. (MW)
NOVELTY - Citrobacter TKF04 (FERM P-16722) produces flocculant which is used for waste water treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the flocculant produced by Citrobacter TKF04 (FERM P-16722). The flocculant consists of Citrobacter culture, which is cultivated by a culture medium containing organic acid (as the substrate) or the culture processed material.    USE -   For waste water treatment and sludge disposal (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Citrobacter utilizes organic acid (obtained from organic wastes) as the substrate which enables mass production of the flocculant. The flocculant can be manufactured easily. The culture is produced quickly and economically. Effective treatment of waste water and sludge is enabled. The microorganism has excellent aggregation activity.
NOVELTY - A storage tank (2) accumulates the liquid (12) which is received from a decomposition tank (1) through a mesh (11) after heating and stirring the grinding organic refuse (10) by a heater (14) and a stirring blade (13). A tube pump (42) is provided to transfer the liquid from the storage tank to a decomposition tank (3).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An exhaust port (32) is provided to the upper section of the decomposition tank (3), which is provided with a scavenging pipe (51) at the inner bottom. A ventilation pump (52) is provided to attract the air from the decomposition tank (1) and supply it to the scavenging pipe.    USE -   To decompose organic refuse into water and carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE -   The water-type aggravation of the waste water is effectively prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure explanation of the organic refuse processing apparatus (1,3) Decomposition tanks; (2) Storage tank; (10) Grinding organic refuse; (11) Mesh; (13) Stirring blade; (14) Heater; (32) Exhaust port; (42) Tube pump; (51) Scavenging pipe; (52) Ventilation pump.
NOVELTY - Organic waste in the water are dispersed into the crusher (3) by a carrier (2). The crushed waste is separated into solid and liquid parts by a solid-liquid separator (4). The liquid part is diluted in a dilution unit (5). The diluted liquid is made to undergo microbial degradation in the biological treatment tank (6). The separated solid waste is heat-sterilized in a sterilizer (7).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic substances in waste water, dispersed into the crusher (3) by a carrier (2). The crushed waste is separated into solid and liquid parts by a solid-liquid separator (4). The liquid part is diluted in a dilution unit (5). The biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the diluted liquid is reduced by microbial degradation, in the biological treatment tank (6). The separated solid waste is heat-sterilized in a sterilizer (7).    USE -   The waste water treatment apparatus is used to process waste water containing organic waste such as wastes of root crops e.g. Japanese radish and wastes of livestock and to prevent the spread of diseases like soft rot and black speck, and to produce compost.    ADVANTAGE -   The BOD and COD values of disposed waste water are below the standard values and so no harmful effects are produced after disposing the waste water. The waste water containing organic waste is processed without any environmental pollution. The solid wastes separated can be stored after sterilization, so the process can be carried out consistently to produce compost. The processed water is safe to be discharged into the river.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the waste water organic substance processing apparatus. (1) Waste water processing apparatus; (2) Carrier; (3) Crusher; (4) Solid-liquid liquid separator; (5) Dilution unit; (6) Biological treatment tank; (7) Heat sterilizer.
NOVELTY - In the process, the bacterial conversion (reduction) of carbon dioxide takes place within underground porous or fine crevice structure (13,14), directly above a closed thick structure.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The removal of carbon dioxide from exhaust gas in combustion engines, involves bacterially converting carbon dioxide to methane and depositing and storing both gases in the outer atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows schematic view of the anticline structure.    material (11, 12)    porous or crevice structure (13,14)
NOVELTY - A dioxin depressant capable of repressing the occurrence of dioxins during the incineration or heat-treatment of waste contains at least one member selected from calcined dolomite and dolomite.    USE - The process is used to depress dioxin generation during incineration of organic chlorine compounds such as urban garbage, factory waste materials including waste oil, waste plastic and sludge and industrial waste material such as industrial waste material including agricultural and constructional refuses arising from agricultural vinyl chloride resin material, wall papers, building materials and soft leather.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple, efficient and effective. The raw materials can be procured cheaply and stably in large amts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a method for the use of a dioxin depressant for incinerating or heat treating waste.
NOVELTY - Use of chitin and/or derivatives as biocatalysts and biostimulators for enhancing the survivability and the growth of microorganisms.    USE - The chitin and/or derivatives are useful for the bioremediation of soils or solids contaminated by organic compounds (claimed), especially biocatalysts and biostimulators that stimulate and accelerate, enhance and protect the growth of microorganisms and are also useful in the treatment of wastes.    ADVANTAGE - The use of biostimulators makes it possible to decontaminate soil and fluids contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds with native microorganisms that until now were unable to break down these pollutants. With the use of biostimulators it is also possible to strongly reduce the time needed by native microorganisms to break down the organic pollutants which are susceptible to biodegradation in the currently available process. Chitin and/or derivatives also improve the bioavailability of pollutants to the microorganisms in that they improve the rate of desorption of the organic compounds from the soil matrix particles. The use of chitin or derivatives is a better solution than prior methods to many pollution situations e.g. sites in disuse, uncontrolled waste tips and accidentally contaminated soil. Efficiency is increased by using a microbial biocatalyst and carrier by its attraction for end trapping of both pollutants and microbe in the same microenvironment. The microbial biocatalyst also provides a physical protection from excessively high doses of pollutant which could be toxic to the organism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a method for the bioremediating soils or solids contaminated by organic compounds comprising the addition to the soils or fluids of chitin and/or derivatives; and    (2) a composition for use in the bioremediating soils or fluids contaminated by organic compounds comprising chitin and/or derivatives.
NOVELTY - A refrigerant mixture for a mixing-throttle process contains 0.06-0.20 mol/mol propane, 0.26-0.36 mol/mol nitrogen and 0.20-0.38 mol/mol methane, the remainder being ethane.    USE - In a process for generating low temperatures in the range 90-110 degreesK, in which the refrigerant mixture is (a) compressed with an oil-lubricated compressor, (b) cooled to ambient temperature, (c) separated from the oil and then (d) transferred to a Joule-Thomson heat exchanger; in this process, the refrigerant is cooled further between stages (b) and (c) and/or between (c) and (d), preferably by removing mainly liquid oil components after stage (b) and then removing oil vapor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - This mixture meets the requirements for temperature distribution and gives a favorable temperature difference, i.e. a relatively uniform and relatively low temperature difference in the heat exchanger. This results in increased efficiency in the refrigerating system and a reduced risk of mixture components freezing out at low temperature in the cold part of the system.
NOVELTY - Refrigerant mixture for a throttle process contains 0.06-0.20 mole/mole propane (C3H8), 0.26-0.36 mole/mole nitrogen (N2), 0.20-0.38 mole/mole methane (CH4), rest ethane (C2H6).    USE - The mixture is used in a process for producing cold at 90-110 degreesK (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - These mixtures increase the efficiency of the refrigeration plant and also reduce the risk of constituents freezing out at the low temperatures in the cold part. They give a relatively uniform and small temperature difference in Joule-Thomson heat transfer.
NOVELTY - The anaerobic sludge digester is covered by a double-skinned cover (14). The inner skin of the cover (15) extends beneath the surface of the liquid (7). It is attached to the vessel walls (12) by stainless steel plates or a metallic ring.    USE - For the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludges, animal slurries, or domestic or industrial effluents.    ADVANTAGE - The inner skin of the vessel cover is the only part in contact with the corrosive biogases produced during anaerobic fermentations, and therefore, the only part which needs to be resistant to them.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section through an anaerobic digester.    Liquid surface (7)    Vessel walls (12)    Cover (14)    Inner skin (15)
NOVELTY - A bioremediation system (I) for purifying contaminated ground water, is new.    USE - (I) may be used for the extraction and processing of ground water from a contaminated area in a pressurized bioreactor and reinjection of treated water back into the contaminated area along with oxygen, nutrients and finely dispersed native microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The rate and efficiency of bioremediation in contaminated soil and ground water is enhanced using naturally occurring biological media.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A system (I) for purifying ground water, comprises at least 1 pressurized bioreactor (10) with a single chamber pressure vessel (50) and a pump for the recirculation of treated liquids. The pump drives the recirculation loop (70) with branches (74,76). The vessel (50) contains fluidized bed (54) with particulate solids. The branch (74) contains a computer monitored flow meter (71), which controls the well pump (13) speed. The recirculation loop branch (76) includes a biomass extraction port (80) and siphon venturi/biomass shearing nozzle (82). Nutrients are added to the ground water at the inlet to the bioreactor by a pump (106). The nozzle (82) allows siphoning of the biomass-covered particulate solids form the pressure vessel and biomass shearing, to create a homogeneous mixture of recirculated ground water, sheared biomass and particulate solids that are cleaned of attached biomass.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross section of a bioreactor for the bioremediation of contaminated ground water.    Reactor (10)    Well pump (13)    Pressure vessel (50)    Fluidized bed (54)    Recirculation loop (70)    Flow meter (71)    Recirculation branches (74,76)    Extraction port (80)    Nozzle (82)    Pump (106)    Computer (110)    Modem (112)
NOVELTY - The raw refuse processing base material consists of sponge-like polyvinyl acetal resin which carries microorganism having raw refuse treatment power.    USE - For processing refuse in incinerator.    ADVANTAGE - The microorganism holder does not reduce raw refuse active processing and hence the decomposition by the microorganism of raw refuse processing is made small, thereby strength of polyvinyl acetal resin is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the raw refuse processing method.
NOVELTY - A waste tip (1) is new and contains pipes (2) which enable waste to be withdrawn to create chambers. Air supply pipes (3) feed into the chambers and are located when the tip is initiated.    ADVANTAGE - The rotting process provides a continual source of gas and heat.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the tip.    tip (1)    pipes (2)    air supply pipes (3)
NOVELTY - A gas occluding material which consists of an amorphous carbon material contains at least one of an amorphous carbon tube (diameter up to 100 nm), hollow onion-like carbon and carbon nano-particles.    USE - Used in the storage and transportation of hydrogen and methane for use as an energy source (e.g. as a fuel for automobiles) and in the isolation, transportation and storage of rare gases or carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - The material has high durability. Occlusion/storage is carried out with good efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a gas storage method by occluding gas under comparatively low pressure using the gas occluding material.
NOVELTY - A composite packing medium (I) for attaching and growing microorganisms, using a treated rigid substrate as an alternative to rocks or plastic packing media    USE - The composite medium is useful for filling reactors for biological waste treatment in a pollution control process for gaseous or liquid waste streams.    ADVANTAGE - The surface roughness and area of the medium are increased, creating valleys and enormous niches which protect microorganisms from fluid shear forces, minimizing the disruption to their growth and allowing easy attachment, enabling a shorter start-up time and higher treatment efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composite packing medium (I) for attaching and growing microorganisms, comprises a rigid substrate and randomly-shaped particles randomly secured by an adhesive coating onto and over the substrate surface which also protrude beyond the coating and define an irregular rough exterior layer extending along the substrate surface, so that adjacent particles form irregularly-shaped recessed valleys and crevices between them which microorganisms become attached to and between.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for composting food waste comprises a fermenting barrel (4), a frame support, a rotating stirring shaft (5), a decelerator (6), a blower (8), a ventilating pipe (11), supporting shafts (12), an electric heating coil (14) and a suction pipe (16).    USE - The apparatus is used for composting food waste to produce feeds and compost for restaurants, homes and farms.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus uniformly decomposes and dehydrates waste by using an efficient stirring device for immediately fermenting and composting waste without disposing of them.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An apparatus for composting food waste comprises a U-shaped fermenting barrel (4) has a shielded electric heating coil (14), a suction pipe (16) passing through the upper portion of the barrel, filling (2) and discharge openings (3) and a tubular stirring shaft (5) passing through the center, connected to a decelerator (6) and gears at one end and a blower (8) at the other end via a connecting pipe. A ventilating pipe (11) with ventilating holes is connected in parallel to the stirring shaft which has radially extending spaced apart supporting shafts (12) with rotating stirring wings (13). The stirring wings are located at a distal end of the stirring shafts and form a triangular cone with an arc-shaped bottom portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinally sectional view of the apparatus.    Filling opening (2)    Discharge opening (3)    Stirring shaft (5)    Decelerator (6)    Blower (8)    Ventilating pipe (11)    Supporting shafts (12)    Stirring wings (13)    Heating coil (14)    Suction pipe (16)
NOVELTY - The sludge is passed through a dehydration device (41) for removing the excessive water content. The dehydrated sludge is passed to decomposition tank (43) in which a process medium containing a wooden fragment is accommodated. The sludge is then stirred and decomposed by microorganism.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sludge processing device.    USE -   The method is useful for processing high water content organic sludge like sewage sludge using microorganism.    ADVANTAGE -   The method reduces heat energy required for evaporating moisture content in sludge for promoting decomposition by microorganism. It avoids necessity of sludge separation from filter medium after dehydration or decomposition process. It also enables recycling of filter medium. The method quickens microorganism process by maintaining the internal temperature of the decomposition tank at appropriate value. The method saves energy required for temperature maintenance for decomposition promotion by increasing efficiency of microorganism process. It simplifies composition for supplying filtered sludge to decomposition tank. It also enables continuous microorganism process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory view of sewage sludge treatment unit. (41) Dehydration device; (43) Decomposition tank.
NOVELTY - Fine compost of particles composted from sludges, human waste, organic industrial waste, excrement of livestock, human waste treatment process and livestock breeding center, are made to ferment with crushed waste tree root, stump etc in air permeable transportation bag.    USE -   Used as soil for greening construction by recycle seedling and planting method.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables natural fermentation under fixed condition without motor installation such as heating machine, fermentation machine, etc. Reduces process cost as only waste and dead trees are used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of the composting process.
NOVELTY - When circulating air within the refuse decomposition tank (3), a fan (29) rotates in normal direction and the circulation path of air intake into the tank from outside is interrupted by a flow changing valve (30). When the tank is ventilated, the fan rotates in reverse direction and the circulation path inside the tank is interrupted by the flow changing valve.    USE -   The air-conditioner is used for temperature control in domestic, business environments, e.g. it useful in organic refuse processing apparatus and greenhouse.    ADVANTAGE -   One ventilation fan is used in common for both air circulation and ventilation of refuse processing tank which supports reduction in number of components and cost. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a conceptual diagram of the air-conditioner in air circulation mode. (3) Refuse decomposition tank; (29) Fan; (30) Flow changing valve.
NOVELTY - When air is circulated by the fan (29) within the decomposition tank (3), a flow controller (30) adjusts the air intake so that only a small quantity of air is taken in from outside. When air in the decomposition tank is exhausted, the flow controller increases the quality of air taken in from outside and the fan exhausts the air to outside.    USE -   The air circulation controller is useful for organic refuse processing apparatus and in green house for mushroom cultivation.    ADVANTAGE -   The fan is used both for air circulation in the air circulation mode and for ventilation in the exhaust mode. One ventilation device is used in common, therefore reducing the number of components and hence cost. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a conceptional diagram of operation at the time of circulation of the air conditioner. (3) Decomposition tank; (29) Fan; (30) Flow controller.
NOVELTY - The oil in molten plastics is evaporated in a decomposition tank (1). A stirring blade (22) stirs the molten plastics. A residue elimination screw (30) is provided in a screw casing (32) and driven by a motor (33) so as to eject externally the residue collected in the decomposition tank.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The molten plastic is stirred to ensure uniform temperature distribution within the decomposition tank. A blade driving motor (24) is provided to drive the stirring blade through a shaft (23). During residue elimination, the residue elimination side is arranged upward inclined by a predetermined angle (). The molten plastics remain in upper layer of melt. The stirring blade is supported by a bearing arranged by the decomposition tank inner wall. The blade is made into a concavo-convex shape. A raking guide is provided to rake the solid substance adhered in the internal surface of the stirring blade or the tank. A motor (72) rotates the raking guide.    USE -   For oil recovery from waste plastics.    ADVANTAGE -   The molten plastics containing oil and the residue is separable. The residue adhering in inner wall of tank or the blade is removable. The inside of the tank is checked and repaired hence operation is efficiently performed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of waste plastic processor. (1) Decomposition tank; ; (22) Stirring blade; ; (23) Shaft; ; (30) Residue elimination screw; ; (32) Casing; ; (24,33,72) Motors.
NOVELTY - The mixed fermentation material (31) is supplied along the cross direction of compost manufacturing apparatus by movement of mixing tank (3) in that direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fermentation material supply apparatus which consists of a mixing tank consisting a rotating shaft (10) with stirring blades (11) on its periphery, is supplied with fermentation materials (30a,30b) to be mixed from its upper side. The rotations shaft driven by a motor (13) mixes the material. A motor (17) is operated to move mixing tank to supply mixed fermentation material.    USE -   For supplying fermentation material along cross direction of compost manufacturing apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the mixing tank is moved in the forward and backward direction above compost manufacturing apparatus, it enables supply of equal amounts of mixed fermentation material and formation of a uniform height in the apparatus. The agitator forms a favorable mixed state even when shape of each material and specific gravity differs. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of sectional drawing of fermentation material supply apparatus. (3) Mixing tank; ; (10) Rotation shaft; ; (11) Stirring blades; ; (13) Motor for rotating shaft; ; (17) Motor; ; (30a,30b) Fermentation material; ; (31) Mixed fermentation material.
NOVELTY - Individual drive shafts with transmission rings at the ends are provided at two opposite edges of bottom wall of treatment tank, parallel to another set of shafts that support the partitioned bottom wall. Two guide rails (9) are provided at other two opposite edges of bottom wall. Sprocket wheels (20) provided at ends of support shafts are coupled to transmission rings through sprocket chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Multiple rollers are mounted to the bottom wall support shafts. The sprocket wheels move along the guide rail when the drive shaft is turned by operating a handle (30). By the movement of sprocket wheels, the support shafts are moved towards the external edge of the bottom wall, to downwardly open the bottom wall for dropping the compost. The tension side of the chain is coupled to a support shaft and the slack side is coupled to the other support shaft. An aeration opening is formed in the door of the treatment tank. A flexible sheet is fixed to the internal surface of the upper wall of the fermenter. The inner or outer surface or both the surfaces of the walls of treatment tank are coated with heat insulation material. A pair of fork insertion sheaths are provided in two opposing walls of the treatment tank, corresponding to the width of forks of fork lift truck, that are to be fixed to the treatment tank.    USE -   To ferment, solidify and dry wastes to manufacture compost, in industry.    ADVANTAGE -   The compost is removed easily from the treatment tank by opening the bottom wall which is done easily by movement of sprocket wheels fixed to support shafts, along the guide rails. Wastes are loaded directly into dump truck from the treatment tank. Wastes are conveyed to disposal field easily. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of treatment tank. (9) Guide rail; ; (20) Sprocket wheel; ; (30) Handle.
Fertilizer composition comprises succinoglycan as emulsifier.    ADVANTAGE -   Fertilizer can be kept in suitable tackiness for a long time without phase separation or precipitation.
NOVELTY - Water-in-oil cosmetic and dermatological emulsion for topical use contains (wt. %): (1) saturated, branched 20-40C hydrocarbon (I) (8-50); (2) natural phospholipid (II) (1-43); and (3) water (46-85).    USE - The composition are useful for improving and protecting the skin.    ADVANTAGE - The composition is stable, has a non-greasy feel, and may be used to apply water soluble and liposoluble active materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The preferred composition contains (wt. %): (I) (15-35), (II) (5-30) and water (65-75).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of the composition comprising:    (1) preparing a hydrophobic phase by dissolving the lecithin in a mixture of hydrocarbon (I), and any optional lipophilic components;    (2) preparing an aqueous phase by dissolving the hydrophilic constituents in water; and    (3) adding the aqueous phase to the hydrophobic phase.
NOVELTY - A process for treating manure from live stock farming allows the recycling of the liquid part as drink for pigs.    USE - Useful for recycling manure as drink for pigs and producing fertilizer or bio-combustible.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical and allows to recycle manure by '' zero-drain'' transformation. The recycling cut the consumption of fresh water by 50 %. The algae are a high quality feed improving the zoological results of the farm. The process is also environmentally friendly since it has no residues.
NOVELTY - The wall elements (2) of the unit are provided with inwardly projecting shoulders (15) on their top horizontal edge (14) so that the top filler opening has a smaller cross section than the base area of the unit.    USE - In particular, for composting organic kitchen and garden waste.    ADVANTAGE - The constituent parts of the composting unit can be easily transported and assembled. The unit in an assembled state but without a lid has an increased stiffness, in particular, in the vicinity of the filler opening on top.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a wall element of the proposed composting unit.    Plane sections of wall elements (3)    Connector sections (4)    Depressions with air holes (7)    Inwardly projecting shoulder (15)
NOVELTY - A manually rotatable composter (I) with steps (i.e. handholds and footholds) designed to allow a person to easily rotate the composter chamber even when it contains a large amount of dense material, is new.    USE - (I) may be used to rapidly and efficiently decompose organic matter such as leaves, grass cuttings, and household waste to compost.    ADVANTAGE - The handholds and footholds on the outer surface of the container allow the composter to be rotated manually even when it contains a large amount of dense material. Rotation of the container facilitates the decomposition process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A manually rotatable composter (I), comprises:    (i) a container with an axis of rotation, an interior chamber for receiving compostable matter and an outer surface; and    (ii) a number of steps attached to the container which may accommodate a hand or foot, for applying rotational force to the container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a side view of the rotatable composter.    Rotationally symmetrical container (12)    Steps (either recessed or protruding) (20)    Support (24)    Indicators (28)