(EP1094031-A1)   NOVELTY - A single pipe cylindrical reformer has a vertical cylindrical outer tube, a cylindrical inner tube inside the outer tube and arranged coaxially, cylindrical intermediate tubes between the inner and outer tubes and arranged coaxially, cylindrical radiating tube inside the inner tube and arranged coaxially, a burner fixed to an axial end part of the reformer by arranging coaxially in the radiating tube, and circulating flow passages formed in radial direction layers between the inner tube and the intermediates tubes and between the intermediate tubes and the outer tube so reforming catalyst can be packed as a reforming catalyst layer in at least one part.    USE - The reformer produces hydrogen-rich reformed gas by steam reforming hydrocarbon fuels such as city gas, natural gas and LPG, and alcohols, and can be combined with solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is small in size, quick starting and has a high operating efficiency. A reformed gas of low carbon monoxide concentration is produced.
(JP2000277079-A)   NOVELTY - The battery has a sealing plate including a safety valve, a terminal plate with a cap and a flange, and a disc shaped filter with a gas vent hole near its center. A space between the rims of the flange and a metal casing is filled with a gasket, and the casing edges are bent to seal the battery.    USE - For mobile telephones or notebook computers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is small, has high storage capacity and is safe.    (EP1088353-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery has a sealing plate including a safety valve, a terminal plate with a cap and a flange, and a disc shaped filter with a gas vent hole near its center. A space between the rims of the flange and a metal casing is filled with a gasket, and the casing edges are bent to seal the battery.    USE - For mobile telephones or notebook computers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is small, has high storage capacity and is safe.
(EP1090932-A1)   NOVELTY - Polymer compound having polyvinyl alcohol units has average polymerization degree of not less than 20, in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by an oxyalkylene-containing group with average molar substitution degree of not less than 0.3. The produced polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and tackiness.    USE - The polymer is useful for binder resin, compositions for ionically conductive polymer electrolytes and secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The produced polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and tackiness.
(JP2001048986-A)   NOVELTY - Organic silicon polymer has silicon backbone and has predetermined number of reactive functional groups.    USE - As electrically conductive material, photoelectric conversion material, luminescent material.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon polymer shows low band gap value and has a high industrial value.
(WO200052232-A2)   NOVELTY - An electrically conducting film based on starch acetate prepared by contacting the film with a metal electrode, so that on dipping the electrode system so obtained in the electrolyte bath the electrode makes no direct contact with the electrolyte solution, and after electrolysis metal particles deposited in the foil pores are treated with polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 1000-20000 is new.    USE - The film is useful for biosensors in electrochromium windows and displays, antistatic coatings and packages, solid electrolyte batteries and electronic semiconductor elements and membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The film is simple to prepare and is based on biologically degradable and environmentally friendly constituents, and electrical conductivity is obtained with only a small amount of metal, i.e. 0.02-0.2 %.
(WO200137394-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery charger (100) comprises a rear pocket (103) for charging battery (118), and the door (104) having battery retention latch (105) for holding the battery in the pocket. The auxiliary contacts (113) are provided to deliver power to pocket.    USE - Battery charger.    ADVANTAGE - The charger designers have the freedom to design chargers which do not require the battery to lay flat, hence charger becomes more compact. Forms charger with smooth contour, since door is closed when no battery is in rear pocket, by providing retention latch.
(EP1047137-A2)   NOVELTY - The partially resin coated lead (3) is connected to a power generation element (2). The power generation element is arranged within a container (4) that has metal resin laminate film. The resin coated portion of lead is welded to edge of container. The cross-linking bonding of an outer layer (31a) of the resin coating is carried out.    USE - For e.g. lithium ion battery used in portable radio telephone, portable PC, video camera.    ADVANTAGE - Improves air resistance of battery by avoiding need of laminate film in container.    (CN1271183-A)   NOVELTY - The partially resin coated lead (3) is connected to a power generation element (2). The power generation element is arranged within a container (4) that has metal resin laminate film. The resin coated portion of lead is welded to edge of container. The cross-linking bonding of an outer layer (31a) of the resin coating is carried out.    USE - For e.g. lithium ion battery used in portable radio telephone, portable PC, video camera.    ADVANTAGE - Improves air resistance of battery by avoiding need of laminate film in container.
(EP1090956-A1)   NOVELTY - A composition for ionically conductive solid polymer comprises (A) a polymer compound with polyvinyl alcohol units of formula (I) having average polymerization degree of not less than 20 in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by an oxyalkylene-containing group with average molar substitution degree of not less than 0.3, (B) ionically conductive salt as main components, and (C) a compound with crosslinkable functional group(s). Such composition has high conductivity, tackiness and shape retention.    USE - The composition is ionically conductive solid polymer applicable in solid polyelectrolyte and secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Such composition has high conductivity, tackiness and shape retention.
(JP3114719-B2)   NOVELTY - A sealing member (9) which is laminated to the battery, seals between the leads (5a,5b) which eject electric current from the battery to the exterior. The ejected electric current is taken to several collectors via sealing portion having thermo-bonding property and like-pole property.    USE - For laminate-type battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since sealing member which is laminated by battery seals between leads, volumetric efficiency is increased and compressive force between upper and lower sides is dispersed at the leads.
(JP2000340814-A)   NOVELTY - An integrated thin film solar battery module is manufactured by decreasing an undesired current path at an exposed surface of a semiconductor layer that is removed subsequent to scribing a second electrode layer.    USE - For manufacturing an integrated thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an integrated thin film solar battery module having a high efficiency.    (US6271053-B1)   NOVELTY - An integrated thin film solar battery module is manufactured by decreasing an undesired current path at an exposed surface of a semiconductor layer that is removed subsequent to scribing a second electrode layer.    USE - For manufacturing an integrated thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an integrated thin film solar battery module having a high efficiency.
(DE19910773-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    (JP2000268829-A)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    (EP1037295-B1)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.
(WO200054358-A1)   NOVELTY - Tubular composite (1) is made of a braiding (3) consisting of bundles and/or wires of an electron-conducting material and a layer (5) of an ion-conducting material arranged on top.    USE - The composite is used as a fuel cell element and as ion exchange membranes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composite is easy to produce.
(WO200052776-A1)   NOVELTY - The production of a biodegradable, multi-phase polymer-electrolyte material based on starch esters, a water-soluble plasticizer and other components involves (1) keeping a film or sheet made of these materials in water, (2) keeping the film in a salt solution and (3) treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a mol. wt. of 1000-20000.    USE - Polymer electrolytes are used in batteries and similar applications.    ADVANTAGE - A simple, environmentally friendly process (i.e. using less salt) enables the production of biodegradable polymer electrolyte materials in the form of thin film with good mechanical properties and good conductivity.
(JP2000306589-A)   NOVELTY - A gelating agent comprises a cross-linked polymer being prepared by an aqueous solution polymerization method or a reverse phase suspension polymerization method and having a unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid and/or an alkali metal salt as the major constituent unit and satisfies requirements (1) and (2).    USE - The gelating agent can be effectively used for producing an alkaline cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gelating agent can be effectively used for producing an alkaline cell which is extremely excellent in the durability of discharge and in impact resistance, is improved in the anti-dripping property of an electrolyte solution and thus can correspond to the rapid charge of an electrolyte solution, and is reduced in the variability of the amounts of electrolyte solutions charged and thus can be produced with uniformity in quality also in mass production.
(JP2000306562-A)   NOVELTY - Modular batteries are held by adhesive in tiers within an inner casing (43d) such that the terminals extend through holes (46) in the sides of the casing. The casing is in two mirror image halves with the interlocking edges (43e) formed into an crest and wave pattern joined with adhesive. The casing has cooling air inlet and outlet ducts (50a and 51a) that extend through an outer casing    USE - In a hybrid driving system e.g. in conjunction with an internal combustion engine in a car or boat    ADVANTAGE - Outer casing relieves inner casing and modular batteries from stress, insulates against external heat gain or loss and allows control circuitry to be located within itself. Cooling air ducted around the batteries improves efficiency and may be ducted through the outer casing    (JP2000306563-A)   NOVELTY - Modular batteries are held by adhesive in tiers within an inner casing (43d) such that the terminals extend through holes (46) in the sides of the casing. The casing is in two mirror image halves with the interlocking edges (43e) formed into an crest and wave pattern joined with adhesive. The casing has cooling air inlet and outlet ducts (50a and 51a) that extend through an outer casing    USE - In a hybrid driving system e.g. in conjunction with an internal combustion engine in a car or boat    ADVANTAGE - Outer casing relieves inner casing and modular batteries from stress, insulates against external heat gain or loss and allows control circuitry to be located within itself. Cooling air ducted around the batteries improves efficiency and may be ducted through the outer casing
(JP2000243396-A)   NOVELTY - The negative electrode active-material comprises composite powder containing particles of carbonaceous material and lithium ion-interstitially diffusible/releasable particles selected from metal and metal oxide particles capable of enhancing lithium ion interstitial diffusibility/releasability to/from carbonaceous material between the positive and negative electrodes when charged/discharged.    USE - The battery is used in notebook-type personal computers, notebook-type word processors, palm-top personal computers, portable telephones, portable printers etc..    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a higher voltage, a higher energy density, a higher charging/discharging capacity, a longer life cycle as well as improved safety.
(US6225002-B1)   NOVELTY - A battery cell electrolyte including a main solvent and a co-solvent such as dioxolane.    USE - For use in secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery cell of the invention exhibit improved cycling performance over cells not containing dioxolane. Moreover, the dioxolane treatment does not negatively impact sulfur utilization and improves the lithium's electrochemical function as the negative electrode in the battery cell.
(JP2000243427-A)   NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte battery comprises an elongate anode and cathode opposed to each other, having solid electrolyte layers on them. The electrodes are laminated such that the electrolyte layers are opposite each other and wound in the longitudinal direction. The electrolyte layers are integrated to be continuous.    USE - For electrical apparatus, e.g. camcorders, portable telephones and portable computers.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high energy density and good heat-load resistance, and is capable of preventing lithium deposition.
(WO200125698-A1)   NOVELTY - Heat exchanger unit has at least one heat absorbing surface (5) and a chamber system (4) which is thermally coupled to it and through which a heat-absorbing or supplying liquid can flow. It is made from a cellulose-containing material which has a coating which is impermeable to the liquid, at least in those areas which come into contact with it.    USE - The solar absorber is useful for desalination of sea water (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Because of the use of the cellulose-containing material, which is preferably cardboard, the unit is cheap and is therefore suitable for manufacture in developing countries.
(WO200046861-A1)   NOVELTY - Organic-polymer carrier materials are coated with an active layer at 400-600degrees C in a plasma. The carrier material has a thickness of 90-120 microns and is made of a polymer material having a glass transition temperature of at least 90degrees C. The applied layer has a thickness of 2-7 microns.    USE - In the manufacture of thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer carrier material is not damaged at high temperatures.
(FR2789230-A1)   NOVELTY - A rechargeable thin film battery, employing a proton conductive polymer as electrolyte, is new.    USE - As a Zn/MnO2 battery for portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a low weight, a total thickness of not more than 100 mu and an energy density of 150-200 Wh./kg, allows high charge/discharge levels of its active materials, exhibits no loss in capacity over 40 cycles at 70% discharge, can operate at above 50degreesC, has a long life and can be fully recycled by conventional processes.
NOVELTY - An electrode binder consists of a polyvinylidene fluoride type homopolymer and copolymer in an equal composition.    USE - For lithium ion secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The binder has sufficient adhesive strength. Charging and discharging of the battery is improved. Fluid characteristic of the slurry is improved which results in the improved quality of the electrode.
(JP3150120-B2)   NOVELTY - An electrolytic solution consists of a basic solvent capable of dissolving alkali metal salt and halogenated polyolefin.    USE - For electrochemical apparatuses such as secondary battery (claimed) and also for primary batteries, an electrical double layer capacitor, electrolytic capacitor or sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The outflow and vaporization of the electrolyte are inhibited which provides an excellent secondary battery with high output, stability and safety. The electrolytic solution has high ionic conductivity.
(JP2000311712-A)   NOVELTY - Producing a secondary battery comprises aligning a cathode and anode with a porous film and fixing parts of the cathode and anode to the porous film, immersing the cathode, anode and porous film in a liquid electrolyte, and integrating the electrodes with the porous film by compression.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A thin and lightweight polymer secondary battery or other secondary battery can be produced at low cost.    (CN1265524-A)   NOVELTY - Producing a secondary battery comprises aligning a cathode and anode with a porous film and fixing parts of the cathode and anode to the porous film, immersing the cathode, anode and porous film in a liquid electrolyte, and integrating the electrodes with the porous film by compression.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A thin and lightweight polymer secondary battery or other secondary battery can be produced at low cost.
(JP2000243447-A)   NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent comprising specific proportions of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) such that the composition is in an area of the phase diagram surrounded by points (70, 30, 0), (55, 15, 30), and (30, 70, 0).    USE - The gel electrolyte is used in batteries for portable electronic equipment such as portable telephones, video cameras or notebook type personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has improved ion conductivity of the solvent, superior cycling characteristics and improved low temperature performance. Electrolyte decomposition is suppressed by optimizing the solvent composition.    (CN1267926-A)   NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent comprising specific proportions of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) such that the composition is in an area of the phase diagram surrounded by points (70, 30, 0), (55, 15, 30), and (30, 70, 0).    USE - The gel electrolyte is used in batteries for portable electronic equipment such as portable telephones, video cameras or notebook type personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has improved ion conductivity of the solvent, superior cycling characteristics and improved low temperature performance. Electrolyte decomposition is suppressed by optimizing the solvent composition.
(JP2000285958-A)   NOVELTY - A secondary battery consists of anode layer (2) and cathode layer (3) which are laminated through a separator (7). A liquid-like electrolyte is interposed between the anode and cathode layer. The liquid-like electrolyte is plastisol (1) containing electrolyte salt which is dispersed in plasticizer by halogenated polyolefin such as fluorinated polyolefin.    USE - For notebook type personal computer and portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The battery prevents short circuit due to abnormal current, has favorable ionic conductivity and high output. The battery is also safe as the rupture of separator during abnormal current generation is suppressed by reinforcing the separator by polymeric gel.
(JP2000315481-A)   NOVELTY - A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes and a porous separator containing a nonaqueous electrolyte housed within a thermoplastic resin layer having melting point higher than a pore closing initiating temperature of the porous separator.    USE - The battery is useful for portable electrical appliances e.g. mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The battery can be made with reduced thickness and exhibits improved safety.    (CN1265525-A)   NOVELTY - A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes and a porous separator containing a nonaqueous electrolyte housed within a thermoplastic resin layer having melting point higher than a pore closing initiating temperature of the porous separator.    USE - The battery is useful for portable electrical appliances e.g. mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The battery can be made with reduced thickness and exhibits improved safety.
(JP2000277148-A)   NOVELTY - Battery containing a polymer electrolyte and a non-aqueous electrolyte that comprises a solute in a solvent. The solvent comprises 0.01-90 vol % vinylene carbonate.    USE - As a high power high energy density battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reaction of the electrolyte with the electrodes is decreased and battery capacity under high temperature conditions is maintained.
(DE19860660-C2)   NOVELTY - The housing of the solar heat collector is a self-contained, load-carrying closed shell (1) made of a heat insulating material.    USE - For capture of solar energy for heating purposes.    ADVANTAGE - Comprehensive heat insulation of the absorber element from the collector housing is achieved simply, quickly and inexpensively. The structure fixing the collector onto or into a roof structure can be produced and installed at a low cost.
(NL1011047-C2)   NOVELTY - Assembly of photovoltaic panel, has a surface area of roof tiles and carrier (1) for it. The carrier has an arrangement for positioning in a tiled roof of building and a water repellent connected to the tiled roof. The carrier is extended like a plate below the photovoltaic panel to form ventilation passages, which are oriented in the upward direction of the tiled roof, and water drainage facility.    USE - Used for assembly of a photovoltaic panel on the roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the thin shape of the plate shaped carrier, the installation and removal of assembly on roof of building is facilitated.    (NL1014089-C2)   NOVELTY - Assembly of photovoltaic panel, has a surface area of roof tiles and carrier (1) for it. The carrier has an arrangement for positioning in a tiled roof of building and a water repellent connected to the tiled roof. The carrier is extended like a plate below the photovoltaic panel to form ventilation passages, which are oriented in the upward direction of the tiled roof, and water drainage facility.    USE - Used for assembly of a photovoltaic panel on the roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the thin shape of the plate shaped carrier, the installation and removal of assembly on roof of building is facilitated.
(JP2000189942-A)   NOVELTY - Separation of batteries and button cells prior to reduction of waste comprises separating out coarse ferrous components followed by finer material, by sifting.    USE - The process is used for separating out batteries and button cells prior to the reduction of waste.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and effective.    (CN1262970-A)   NOVELTY - Separation of batteries and button cells prior to reduction of waste comprises separating out coarse ferrous components followed by finer material, by sifting.    USE - The process is used for separating out batteries and button cells prior to the reduction of waste.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and effective.
(EP1057869-A1)   NOVELTY - Composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolyte comprises: (A) a polyglycidol; (B) an ionically conductive salt; and (C) a compound having crosslinkable groups.    USE - Used in secondary cells and capacitors, especially lithium secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polyelectrolyte have high electrical conductivity, semi-interpenetrating polymer network and superior shape stability.    (CN1293698-A)   NOVELTY - Composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolyte comprises: (A) a polyglycidol; (B) an ionically conductive salt; and (C) a compound having crosslinkable groups.    USE - Used in secondary cells and capacitors, especially lithium secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polyelectrolyte have high electrical conductivity, semi-interpenetrating polymer network and superior shape stability.
(DE19857064-C2)   NOVELTY - Passivation of the surface of a semiconductor material, optionally covered with natural semiconductor oxide, involves treating the surface with a passivating solution containing polyfluorinated hydrocarbon with acid side group(s) and drying.    USE - The process is used for passivating a semiconductor element, especially a silicon semiconductor element, which is used in a semiconductor device, especially a solar cell. (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface recombination velocity is small, stable and largely independent of the density of generated or injected excess charge carriers (electrons or holes). The process does not damage the semiconductor from and is simple, even on semiconductors with a natural oxide film.
(EP1057846-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymeric compound is claimed in which 10% or more of the molecular ends are blocked with a monovalent group, especially a cyano-substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and which has high ionic conductivity, and does not crystallize even when an ionically conductive salt is dissolved in a high concentration.    USE - The compounds are applicable in composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolytes, useful e.g. in secondary cells and capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - Such compounds have high ionic conductivity and without crystallization even when containing high conductive salt concentration.    (CN1293688-A)   NOVELTY - A polymeric compound is claimed in which 10% or more of the molecular ends are blocked with a monovalent group, especially a cyano-substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and which has high ionic conductivity, and does not crystallize even when an ionically conductive salt is dissolved in a high concentration.    USE - The compounds are applicable in composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolytes, useful e.g. in secondary cells and capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - Such compounds have high ionic conductivity and without crystallization even when containing high conductive salt concentration.
(JP2000230856-A)   NOVELTY - Focusing unit, transparent plate and casing comprise the same material, or materials of near identical thermal expansion coefficient.    USE - Used as a casing construction for a semiconductor optical component, ranging from a simple sensor to a miniature CCD camera.    ADVANTAGE - Simple construction avoids effects of thermal variation, maintaining optical specifications. Life and reliability are increased.
(JP3123992-B2)   NOVELTY - The heating gas is guided along the plate arranged at downstream side of anode. A support block is arranged corresponding to the flow path (311) at specific water contact angle. Equivalent to the water contact angle of inner plate. The flow path and exhaust are connected at the downstream side of block.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures stable ejection of waste water and gas, due to reliable connection between the flow path and exhaust.
(JP2000195501-A)   NOVELTY - A film-like solid state polymer battery (4) comprises perforated positive electrode collectors (1a) on either side of the negative electrode with the collectors being embedded in a positive active material (1b) towards the outside of this layer.    USE - As a solid state polymer battery for portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Peeling of the positive electrode collector is avoided without loss of utilization of the positive active material. Battery reliability is enhanced.    (CN1258938-A)   NOVELTY - A film-like solid state polymer battery (4) comprises perforated positive electrode collectors (1a) on either side of the negative electrode with the collectors being embedded in a positive active material (1b) towards the outside of this layer.    USE - As a solid state polymer battery for portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Peeling of the positive electrode collector is avoided without loss of utilization of the positive active material. Battery reliability is enhanced.
(DE19982721-T)   NOVELTY - A solid polymer fuel cell stack includes a rectangular separator, the surface of which includes coolant channels in a region that is parallel to the long side of the separator and near channels for fuel gas or oxidizing gas so that the coolant may flow in a direction perpendicular to the separator plane.    USE - None given.
(JP2000154254-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive composition comprises a linear copolymer obtained by polymerizing a compound (A) with 2 functional groups (a) and a compound (B) having 2 functional groups (b), and an electrolyte. It has lightweight, flexibility, transparency and film-forming properties.    USE - The conductive compositions are useful for cells (claimed) e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such compositions contain block copolymers with functional groups particularly for producing network structures.    (DE19982656-T)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive composition comprises a linear copolymer obtained by polymerizing a compound (A) with 2 functional groups (a) and a compound (B) having 2 functional groups (b), and an electrolyte. It has lightweight, flexibility, transparency and film-forming properties.    USE - The conductive compositions are useful for cells (claimed) e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such compositions contain block copolymers with functional groups particularly for producing network structures.
(DE19910532-A1)   NOVELTY - The module (1) with an outer plate, an inner plate (3) and an intermediate layer with embedded solar cells (6) joined electrically with one another by means of several conductors (8, 9) is characterized by the fact that several such conductors are permanently joined to a common connection system incorporating a multi-polar plug connector (10).    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module manufacture is simplified. The module whose thickness is reduced can be safely handled without endangering its electric connection system. Openings leading to the intermediate layer can be sealed in an effective and simple manner.    (JP2000174314-A)   NOVELTY - The module (1) with an outer plate, an inner plate (3) and an intermediate layer with embedded solar cells (6) joined electrically with one another by means of several conductors (8, 9) is characterized by the fact that several such conductors are permanently joined to a common connection system incorporating a multi-polar plug connector (10).    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module manufacture is simplified. The module whose thickness is reduced can be safely handled without endangering its electric connection system. Openings leading to the intermediate layer can be sealed in an effective and simple manner.    (US6235984-B1)   NOVELTY - The module (1) with an outer plate, an inner plate (3) and an intermediate layer with embedded solar cells (6) joined electrically with one another by means of several conductors (8, 9) is characterized by the fact that several such conductors are permanently joined to a common connection system incorporating a multi-polar plug connector (10).    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module manufacture is simplified. The module whose thickness is reduced can be safely handled without endangering its electric connection system. Openings leading to the intermediate layer can be sealed in an effective and simple manner.
(US6146787-A)   NOVELTY - A reactive metal-water battery comprises an anode containing a metal in atomic or alloy form. The metal can be periodic table Group 1A and/or Group 2A metals.    USE - The battery is used for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The invention minimizes parasitic corrosion and results to longer battery life and an improved battery efficiency.
(US6265094-B1)   NOVELTY - A metal-air cell includes an anode can (110) having a reactive metal, an absorbent layer (140) placed in contact with the anode can, an electrolyte (150) trapped within the absorbent layer, and an air cathode (160) placed in contact with the absorbent layer.    USE - For providing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a reduced size yet still shows higher energy output, longer life and lighter weight as with conventional electrochemical cells. The device is relatively cheap.
(JP2000198927-A)   NOVELTY - A curable composition for a solid polymer electrolyte comprises: (a) a polysiloxane (A) with SiH groups; (b) a compound (B) containing at least one from benzene ring, siloxy bond, carbonyl group, amide bond and amino group, and having at least two alkenyl groups; (c) a hydrosilylation catalyst (C); and (d) a salt compound electrolyte (D).    USE - For solid polymer electrolytes (claimed) for batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition has excellent processability, and the electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, little temperature dependence and excellent mechanical strength. Compared to conventional solid polymer electrolytes, the electrolyte has no flowability problem, and has improved mechanical strength and moldability.    (JP2000198928-A)   NOVELTY - A curable composition for a solid polymer electrolyte comprises: (a) a polysiloxane (A) with SiH groups; (b) a compound (B) containing at least one from benzene ring, siloxy bond, carbonyl group, amide bond and amino group, and having at least two alkenyl groups; (c) a hydrosilylation catalyst (C); and (d) a salt compound electrolyte (D).    USE - For solid polymer electrolytes (claimed) for batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition has excellent processability, and the electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, little temperature dependence and excellent mechanical strength. Compared to conventional solid polymer electrolytes, the electrolyte has no flowability problem, and has improved mechanical strength and moldability.
(DE19982376-T)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has (a) a solid polymer fuel cell main body, (b) a fuel reformer, (c) a temperature/humidity exchanger, (d) a separator which separates the moisture from the pre-reacted gas from the exchanger, (e) a mixer which mixes a part of the water from the separator and the fuel, (f) fuel supplier and (g) a mixed liquid supplier which supplies a part of the mixed liquid to the reformer.    USE - Used as a solid polymer fuel cell system which uses a solid polymer having ion conductivity as an electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Freezing in systems which use fuels which do not dissolve in water such as gasoline, is suppressed.
(JP2000164254-A)   NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises: a plasticizer containing a lithium salt; a matrix polymer for dispersing the plasticizer; and fibrous insolubles.    USE - Gel electrolyte is used in lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The mechanical strength of the gel electrolyte and gel electrolyte layer are increased. The gel electrolyte is capable of improving cycle characteristic of a lithium ion battery.    (CN1258109-A)   NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises: a plasticizer containing a lithium salt; a matrix polymer for dispersing the plasticizer; and fibrous insolubles.    USE - Gel electrolyte is used in lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The mechanical strength of the gel electrolyte and gel electrolyte layer are increased. The gel electrolyte is capable of improving cycle characteristic of a lithium ion battery.
(US6197450-B1)   NOVELTY - Thin film micro-electrochemical energy storage cells (MEESC) has two thin layer electrodes, an intermediate thin layer of a solid electrolyte and current collector layers deposited throughout the inner surface of cavities and on both surfaces of the substrate. The cavities have arbitrary shape with high aspect ratio.    USE - The micro-electrochemical energy storage cell e.g., microbattery, or double-layer capacitor, can be applied to computer memory back-up and many other uses e.g., autonomous micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).    ADVANTAGE - The invented MEESC has a superior performance and has up to two orders of magnitude increase in capacity due to the increase in available area for thin film deposition that leads to an increase in volume.
(DE19946694-A1)   NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon type solid polymer electrolyte film (1) includes at least one catalyst among oxide catalyst, a large cyclic metal complex catalyst and transition metal alloy catalyst.    USE - For fuel battery of electrically driven motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the electrolyte film consists of at least one type of catalyst, high durable inexpensive solid polymer electrolyte film is obtained.
(JP2000149952-A)   NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is capable of intercalation or insertion of lithium, or which comprises lithium metal or its alloy; (b) a positive electrode which comprises a mixture of lithium cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt oxide; and (c) a non aqueous electrolyte.    USE - The mixed electrode active material is used as cathode in primary and secondary alkali metal electrochemical cells, especially lithium ion cells.    ADVANTAGE - The mixed material exhibits increased capacity during high-rate discharge (due to a combination of the high-power density of the lithium cobalt oxide and the high capacity of the lithium nickel cobalt oxide) compared with either oxide alone.
(JP2000138040-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cell (2) is housed in exterior laminated film packaging material (3) formed with spacing (6) whose depth corresponds to cell (2) thickness. Electrode terminal leads connected to respective cell electrodes are led out from inside the material (3) which is heat fused around the spacing by deep drawing. The heat fused portion is folded on itself, except the portion where leads are led out.    USE - For cordless and portable electronic equipment, e.g. a notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The projection area of the cell in the portable size electronic equipment can be reduced.    (CN1253387-A)   NOVELTY - Unit cell (2) is housed in exterior laminated film packaging material (3) formed with spacing (6) whose depth corresponds to cell (2) thickness. Electrode terminal leads connected to respective cell electrodes are led out from inside the material (3) which is heat fused around the spacing by deep drawing. The heat fused portion is folded on itself, except the portion where leads are led out.    USE - For cordless and portable electronic equipment, e.g. a notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The projection area of the cell in the portable size electronic equipment can be reduced.
(EP1129044-A1)   NOVELTY - Coating a glass substrate involves laying down layers of different thermosetting material in powder form one upon the other on a substrate, and applying heat to melt and fuse the powders into respective coatings bonded together on the substrate.    USE - The method is for coating a glass substrate, and which can also be applied to the manufacture of solar and other panels where an interlayer is to be inserted.    ADVANTAGE - A good laminate without thinning or pressing out of the melt is obtained, and the method avoids show-through where color or opacity is required.
NOVELTY - A positive electrode comprises a positive electrode with organosulfur compound. The organosulfur compound is capable of forming sulfur-sulfur bond by electrolytic oxidation and is reversibly generated by reductive cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur bond.    USE - For secondary battery useful for portable electronic devices, e.g., mobile telecommunication tools and notebook computers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has high capacity and good reversibility. It also provides an improved secondary battery having high energy density, extended cycle life, and good reversibility.
(JP3103888-B2)   NOVELTY - The thin film operated in high temperature area and solidifying the electrolyte comprises coagulants conductive providing agent. A chemical bond of inorganic and organic materials is carried out to fixed length on nano level inside conductive providing agent.    USE - For electrochemical device of high temperature area, efficient transduction device containing fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides polymer fuel battery of high usage facility by inhibiting poisoning of CO to the fuel.
(JP2000138053-A)   NOVELTY - The unit cell (1) is a wound assembly of elongated positive and negative electrodes each being constituted by a current collector and a layer of an active material formed on it. The electrode terminal leads (3, 4) are mounted on the current collectors of the positive and negative collectors in the vicinity of the innermost end of the wound assembly.    USE - The cell may be used as both a primary cell and a secondary cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell capacity within the cell exterior package is improved and the production process of the spiral electrode is simplified while the external terminal is improved in position accuracy.    (CN1253386-A)   NOVELTY - The unit cell (1) is a wound assembly of elongated positive and negative electrodes each being constituted by a current collector and a layer of an active material formed on it. The electrode terminal leads (3, 4) are mounted on the current collectors of the positive and negative collectors in the vicinity of the innermost end of the wound assembly.    USE - The cell may be used as both a primary cell and a secondary cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell capacity within the cell exterior package is improved and the production process of the spiral electrode is simplified while the external terminal is improved in position accuracy.
(JP2000138039-A)   NOVELTY - Packaging material formed by laminated film includes at least a metal layer and a heat fused layer. Heat fused layer is arranged on inner side of metal layer and comprises layers (I) containing the same monomeric unit. Mixed layer where plastic materials of layers (I) co-exist is formed between layers (I) such that heat fused layer forms a continuous film not having a definite boundary surface.    USE - For cordless and portable electronic equipment such as a personal notebook.    ADVANTAGE - The packaging material exhibits high hermetic sealing and bonding properties, high reliability and reduced thickness.    (CN1253388-A)   NOVELTY - Packaging material formed by laminated film includes at least a metal layer and a heat fused layer. Heat fused layer is arranged on inner side of metal layer and comprises layers (I) containing the same monomeric unit. Mixed layer where plastic materials of layers (I) co-exist is formed between layers (I) such that heat fused layer forms a continuous film not having a definite boundary surface.    USE - For cordless and portable electronic equipment such as a personal notebook.    ADVANTAGE - The packaging material exhibits high hermetic sealing and bonding properties, high reliability and reduced thickness.
(US6207312-B1)   NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.    (EP1116297-A1)   NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.
(EP1116296-A1)   NOVELTY - A cooling subsystem includes a coolant comprising a mixture of water and a glycol solvent, and a circulation loop comprising an ion-exchange unit.    USE - For providing antifreeze and corrosion protection for a fuel cell system i.e., solid polymer fuel cell system. The fuel cell system can be used in automotive applications and back-up or remote power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Liquid-cooled fuel cell system equipped with a glycol-based cooling subsystem of this invention can be operated for a substantial period of time without suffering significant corrosion and without needing replacement or servicing of the ion exchange unit.
(EP1039570-A1)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolytic liquid comprises an electrolyte and a non-aqueous solvent containing a fluorinated ether compound and carbonate ester.    USE - The liquid is used as an electrolytic liquid for Li ion secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolytic liquid has excellent safety and electrical properties, since the rate of heat generation by reaction with the anode is very low.    (CN1287695-A)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolytic liquid comprises an electrolyte and a non-aqueous solvent containing a fluorinated ether compound and carbonate ester.    USE - The liquid is used as an electrolytic liquid for Li ion secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolytic liquid has excellent safety and electrical properties, since the rate of heat generation by reaction with the anode is very low.
(US6119729-A)   NOVELTY - A freeze protected conduit (10) comprises an elongated conduit (12) and a flexible membrane (18) for conveying or containing aqueous liquid. The membrane is disposed in adjacent with a compressible elastomeric material (14). The elastomeric material is supported by a rigid support member (26) which is a liquid permeable.    USE - The conduit is used in heat transfer applications (claimed), e.g., solar thermal collector or photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention comprises of a resilient, compressible elastomeric material having an elasticity which provides a stress-strain relationship and keeps stresses in the conduit in level below which will cause failure to the conduit. The material has a shape memory which will provide freeze protection for the compression cycles anticipated over the operating life of the conduit.
(JP2000123873-A)   NOVELTY - The total thickness of a pair of anode active material layers formed on two sides of the anode collector is the total film thickness A. The total thickness of a pair of cathode active material layers formed on two sides of the cathode collector is the total film thickness B.    USE - For secondary batteries used in e.g. video cameras and portable telephones.    ADVANTAGE - Energy density is raised and the battery does not deteriorate discharge load characteristics.    (CN1251947-A)   NOVELTY - The total thickness of a pair of anode active material layers formed on two sides of the anode collector is the total film thickness A. The total thickness of a pair of cathode active material layers formed on two sides of the cathode collector is the total film thickness B.    USE - For secondary batteries used in e.g. video cameras and portable telephones.    ADVANTAGE - Energy density is raised and the battery does not deteriorate discharge load characteristics.
(US6183914-B1)   NOVELTY - A polymer-based electrolyte composition comprises (i) an organic polymer having an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt; (ii) nitrogen-containing heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt; and (iii) a metal hydroxide salt.    USE - The polymer-based electrolyte composition is for use in electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer-based electrolyte composition has excellent film-forming properties, flexibility, mechanical strength, and has a high hydroxide conductivity.    (EP1116291-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymer-based electrolyte composition comprises (i) an organic polymer having an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt; (ii) nitrogen-containing heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt; and (iii) a metal hydroxide salt.    USE - The polymer-based electrolyte composition is for use in electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer-based electrolyte composition has excellent film-forming properties, flexibility, mechanical strength, and has a high hydroxide conductivity.
(JP2000173633-A)   NOVELTY - A cell unit (100) has ribs (311) formed inwardly to press support a cell (20) provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolytic film in a plate so that a flow path is formed between the rib and an electrode to circulate a humidification agent. A water retention layer with a water holding capacity within 0.002-0.035 g/cm2 is formed on the rib through humidification agent is circulated.    USE - In solid state polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to moisturize electrolyte film by providing a water keeping layer. Facilitates mass production of cell by producing rib with compression molding.
(US6242131-B1)   NOVELTY - A copolymer (31) of ethylene and acrylic acid forms the internal layer to wrap and seal the battery (20). An aluminum layer (33) and nylon layer are sequentially laminated to the copolymer layer, the nylon layer forming the outermost layer.    USE - For lithium secondary battery used in camcorder, cellular phones, notebook PC.    ADVANTAGE - The case structure enables entire moldability and possesses improved interlayer adhesion property. Dependability of battery is improved, as leakage of electrolyte is prevented efficiently.
(EP1030396-A1)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer fuel cell system includes a battery body having a cell stack formed by laminating single cells having solid polymer electrolyte thin films. The battery body has a temperature-humidity exchange part which contacts reacted gas which the cell stack passed and non-reaction gas before passing the cell stack via a water-retaining porous material. The temperature of the non-reaction gas is lower that of the reacted gas.    USE - Used as solid polymer-type fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Drying of the solid polymer electrolyte film is prevented by effecting temperature/humidity exchange. Compaction by the simplification of the system is possible. Reduction of voltage due to CO poisoning is possible. The system is highly efficient.
(CN1245980-A)      NOVELTY - The electrode roll (24) having separator inbetween the anode and cathode is accommodated in a can (26). The upper opening of can filled with liquid electrolyte is sealed by a cap (32) through the gasket (28). The polymeric airtight reinforcing material (38) is arranged between the cap and the gasket.    USE -   For e.g. nickel hydrogen battery, lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents break through of liquid electrolyte by improving sealing property.Improves safety of battery by sealing battery reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows isometric view showing secondary battery. (24) Electrode roll; (26) Can; (28) Gasket; (32) Cap; (38) Reinforcing material.    (US6255016-B1)      NOVELTY - The electrode roll (24) having separator inbetween the anode and cathode is accommodated in a can (26). The upper opening of can filled with liquid electrolyte is sealed by a cap (32) through the gasket (28). The polymeric airtight reinforcing material (38) is arranged between the cap and the gasket.    USE -   For e.g. nickel hydrogen battery, lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents break through of liquid electrolyte by improving sealing property.Improves safety of battery by sealing battery reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows isometric view showing secondary battery. (24) Electrode roll; (26) Can; (28) Gasket; (32) Cap; (38) Reinforcing material.
(WO200013249-A1)   NOVELTY - A paste for use in electrochemical devices comprises an organic polymer matrix and an inorganic electrochemically activated solid material.    USE - The paste (I) is useful for the construction of batteries and electrochromic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The paste (I) produces a flexible layer with good ionic and/or electronic conductivity.    (DE19839217-C2)   NOVELTY - A paste for use in electrochemical devices comprises an organic polymer matrix and an inorganic electrochemically activated solid material.    USE - The paste (I) is useful for the construction of batteries and electrochromic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The paste (I) produces a flexible layer with good ionic and/or electronic conductivity.    (EP1108271-A1)   NOVELTY - A paste for use in electrochemical devices comprises an organic polymer matrix and an inorganic electrochemically activated solid material.    USE - The paste (I) is useful for the construction of batteries and electrochromic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The paste (I) produces a flexible layer with good ionic and/or electronic conductivity.
(JP2000058128-A)   NOVELTY - An Li-battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gel electrolyte, has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.    USE - The polymeric electrolyte is used for electrochemical elements. The Li-battery is used for mobile phones, etc. and is expected to be useful as a car battery.    ADVANTAGE - The Li-battery has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.    (EP1026767-A1)   NOVELTY - An Li-battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gel electrolyte, has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.    USE - The polymeric electrolyte is used for electrochemical elements. The Li-battery is used for mobile phones, etc. and is expected to be useful as a car battery.    ADVANTAGE - The Li-battery has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.    (JP2000319381-A)   NOVELTY - An Li-battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gel electrolyte, has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.    USE - The polymeric electrolyte is used for electrochemical elements. The Li-battery is used for mobile phones, etc. and is expected to be useful as a car battery.    ADVANTAGE - The Li-battery has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.
(CN1244050-A)   NOVELTY - The multilayer electrolyte film (1) has a hole of three dimensional communicating property on at least one electrolyte layer except the double-sided electrolyte layer.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Water retention of the electrolyte increases and there is a high output by reduction of the resistance over voltage of the fuel battery as a result of the hole with three dimensional communicating property on the electrolyte film. Increase of membrane resistance resulting from reduction of water content can be suppressed as a result of the multilayer electrolyte film.
(EP1107951-A1)   NOVELTY - Sulfonylimides and sulfonylmethides of formula (I) are new.    USE - As electrolyte in batteries (claimed). The compounds are also used in electrochemical cells, surfactants, catalysts, antistats and as cationic photoinitiators. Applications include lithium batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, supercapacitors and electrochromic windows.    ADVANTAGE - The compounds are less expensive to produce and still exhibit excellent conductivity and low corrosivity.    (US2001008736-A1)   NOVELTY - Sulfonylimides and sulfonylmethides of formula (I) are new.    USE - As electrolyte in batteries (claimed). The compounds are also used in electrochemical cells, surfactants, catalysts, antistats and as cationic photoinitiators. Applications include lithium batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, supercapacitors and electrochromic windows.    ADVANTAGE - The compounds are less expensive to produce and still exhibit excellent conductivity and low corrosivity.
(EP1024502-A1)   NOVELTY - A composition for electrolytes comprises a compound with ether bond and crosslinkable functional groups and a polymer, which has improved ionic conductivity, high film-forming properties and film strength.    USE - The composition is applicable in making polymer electrolytes for fabrication of cells (claimed) suitable for portable electricals e.g. mobile phones, lap-top computers and camcorders.    ADVANTAGE - Such composition has improved ionic conductivity, high film-forming properties and film strength.    (CN1286796-A)   NOVELTY - A composition for electrolytes comprises a compound with ether bond and crosslinkable functional groups and a polymer, which has improved ionic conductivity, high film-forming properties and film strength.    USE - The composition is applicable in making polymer electrolytes for fabrication of cells (claimed) suitable for portable electricals e.g. mobile phones, lap-top computers and camcorders.    ADVANTAGE - Such composition has improved ionic conductivity, high film-forming properties and film strength.
(JP2000086724-A)   NOVELTY - A crosslinked polymer obtained by reacting a nitrogen-containing polymer with an electrophilic reagent having bi- or higher functionality is new.    USE - The crosslinked polymer is used in solid or liquid electrolytes in cells, capacitors, sensors, displays and recording devices, but especially in photo-electrochemical cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Photo-electrochemical cells containing the electrolyte exhibit excellent photoelectric conversion and durability.
(US6080282-A)      NOVELTY - The electrolyte (10) composition consists of a polymerizable electrolyte material (12) bonded with a reinforcement polymer (14) containing polymethyl methacrylate. The electrolyte solution is thermodynamically stable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of polymer gel electrolyte which involves forming a thermodynamically stable solution by mixing polymerizable electrolyte material and reinforcement polymer. The solution is subsequently exposed to hardening process.    USE -   For gel electrolytes in batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has reinforced compressive strength, low compressibility and improved mechanical properties.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the manufacturing process of the electrolyte composition. (10) Electrolyte; ; (12) Polymerizable electrolyte material; ; (14) Reinforcement polymer; ; (20) Solvent; ; (22) Monomer; ; (24) Polymerization initiator; ; (26) Ion conductor; ; (27) PEO.
(JP2000082330-A)   NOVELTY - The electrolyte compound comprises at least two polymer compounds which form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network. Each polymer compound has an ether bond and a polyalkylene structure.    USE - Solid electrolyte for secondary batteries used, e.g., in portable electric products such as camcorders, cellular phones and laptop computers.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has increased ion electric conductivity and high mechanical intensity provided by the first polymer compound.
(EP1114470-A1)   NOVELTY - Thin-layer solar cells are produced by coating an organic polymeric supporting material with at least one photovoltaically active layer and annealing them together. The supporting material has glass transition temperature 90-200 degrees C. Coating is carried out below the glass transition temperature and annealing is conducted at 400-600 degrees C using a laser for 0.01-1 s at 2-5000 W/mm2.    USE - The invention is used in the production of thin-layer solar cells, e.g. cadmium/tellurium (CdTe) solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides high efficiency solar cells. It permits the use of flexible films without the polymeric supporting material being damage by high temperatures.
(JP3127991-B2)      NOVELTY - The ion exchange membrane (1) comprises a porous layer (2) containing ion exchange resin distributed on one or both sides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of the ion exchange membrane.    USE -   For electrochemical apparatus such as electrolyzer, solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolytic voltage is reduced as surface area of the membrane is increased. As the membrane is not ruptured, current efficiency is improved. Thermocompression bonding on the surface of the ion exchange membrane is performed at high temperature and strength of the resin is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional drawing of ion exchange membrane. (1) Ion exchange membrane; (2) Porous layer.
(EP1110262-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar collector for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, having metal cylinders which extend through a polymer plate into the electrodes, is new.    USE - For a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The collector has excellent conductivity, allowing fuel cell operation at high current densities, and has low weight and low production cost.    (US2001006745-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar collector for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, having metal cylinders which extend through a polymer plate into the electrodes, is new.    USE - For a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The collector has excellent conductivity, allowing fuel cell operation at high current densities, and has low weight and low production cost.
(ZA9906497-A)      NOVELTY - An electrolytic tank is a fabric (21) made of organic fibers having one ore more backing layers, further laminated by rubber or plastic layers. The tank stores electrolyte which circulates between electrodes.    USE -   For use in power storing batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte tank effectively utilizes space between electrodes configured in the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of composition of electrolyte tank. (21) Fabric.    (EP1049184-A1)      NOVELTY - An electrolytic tank is a fabric (21) made of organic fibers having one ore more backing layers, further laminated by rubber or plastic layers. The tank stores electrolyte which circulates between electrodes.    USE -   For use in power storing batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte tank effectively utilizes space between electrodes configured in the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of composition of electrolyte tank. (21) Fabric.
(JP3085943-B2)      NOVELTY - The metal composite anode agent consists of polymeric material having copper salt compounds and CuXn where X is the halide, sulfide or thiocyanic acid ions. The cathode consists of a substance chosen from lithium, lithium alloy or carbon group substance added with lithium.    USE -   In lithium polymer secondary battery used for portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE -   Secures weight reduction and high charging and discharging characteristics. Avoids liquid leakage hence improves operation efficiency.
(GB2340993-A)   NOVELTY - An integrated photovoltaic composite panel comprises a core structure including an insulated corrugated sheet and an outer skin comprising a layer of amorphous or crystalline PV cells, with a channel being formed between the core structure and the outer skin to provide ventilation.    USE - To incorporate PV cells into steel clad roofs and facades to produce a composite multipurpose product that offers an outer building skin, passive ventilation and ducted heat for preheating air or water.    ADVANTAGE - It produces viable and consistent product in terms of effective ventilation and subsequent PV cell cooling efficiency. The ventilation and/or cooling channels carry excess heat upwards as the hot air rises in winter. The air can be recirculated into the building to reduce heating requirements. In summer heat may be released at the top of the cladding and, in conjunction with the insulating layer at the back of the cladding, this prevents a building overheating.
(EP1038329-A1)   NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises: electrodes having negative and positive electrode materials (2,5) and current collectors (3,6); a separator (7) between the electrodes; and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The electrode materials are provided with a pattern of holes. The holes are filled with polymeric material which sticks and presses the electrodes and the separator together.    USE - The battery is used in lightweight, portable cordless consumer products, e.g. compact disc (CD) players, mobile telephones, laptop computers and video cameras.    ADVANTAGE - The battery provides a flexible and thin lithium secondary battery which ensures good contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte.
(NL1009837-C2)   NOVELTY - The tubes (9) (containing plastic) are welded to the cover layer. The cover layer has recesses.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The solar collector is simple to make, and can be made on site, reducing delay and transport problems.
(EP1105932-A1)   NOVELTY - A high output voltage planar fuel cell, in which electrolyte membranes (20) cover cell interconnection structures in interspaces (Z) between individual cells.    USE - As a high output voltage fuel cell useful for small electrical equipment such as portable computers.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a very compact, modular, planar construction and ensures a gas-tight electrical connection between the anode and cathode sides of the individual cells.
(NL1009541-C2)   NOVELTY - A well-aligned arylalkyl-modified polyacetylene is formed on a carrier by first forming the monomer for polymerization on a carrier. It is formed in an adjustable and controlled layer thickness and then the polymerization carried out.    USE - As photovoltaic element, photodiode, photoconductor (claimed) and conductors in micro-electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - A well aligned arylalkyl-modified polyacetylene is formed on a carrier as compared to the process of the prior art.
(EP1095420-A1)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte comprises ionic salts and a multifunctional monomer containing unsaturated aliphatic reactive moieties, soluble in the solvents of the electrolyte. The monomer is rapidly polymerized by heating the electrolyte above 100 degreesC, thereby increasing viscosity and internal resistivity of the electrolyte.    USE - For electric current-producing cell such as electrolytic cells, primary batteries, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolyte enables electric current producing cells having improved safety and high energy density.
(WO200010939-A1)   NOVELTY - A ceramic material, preferably alpha-LiAlO2, is mixed with an organic solvent and subjected to high energy attrition milling to perform deflocculation. The deflocculated ceramic material in the mixture is formed into a matrix.    USE - For carbonate fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Hydration retardation is attained by controlling deflocculation time. Agglomeration of ceramic particle is prevented, thereby enhancing deflocculation. The slurry surface tension and stability of bubbles are reduced, thereby preventing tape separation during casting.    (EP1109759-A1)   NOVELTY - A ceramic material, preferably alpha-LiAlO2, is mixed with an organic solvent and subjected to high energy attrition milling to perform deflocculation. The deflocculated ceramic material in the mixture is formed into a matrix.    USE - For carbonate fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Hydration retardation is attained by controlling deflocculation time. Agglomeration of ceramic particle is prevented, thereby enhancing deflocculation. The slurry surface tension and stability of bubbles are reduced, thereby preventing tape separation during casting.
(CN1242617-A)   NOVELTY - A valve-operated lead-acid battery comprising a negative active material that incorporates an oil    USE - In batteries used as backup power sources for the optoelectronic converters, which are used in fiber optic cables.    ADVANTAGE - During float charging at high temperatures (e.g. 60-70 degrees C), the increase in battery temperature does not cause a significant increase in current.    (US6177212-B1)   NOVELTY - A valve-operated lead-acid battery comprising a negative active material that incorporates an oil    USE - In batteries used as backup power sources for the optoelectronic converters, which are used in fiber optic cables.    ADVANTAGE - During float charging at high temperatures (e.g. 60-70 degrees C), the increase in battery temperature does not cause a significant increase in current.
(JP2000036332-A)   NOVELTY - A novel electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    USE - The electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-electrochemical cell has excellent photoelectric characteristics and durability.    (JP2000100486-A)   NOVELTY - A novel electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    USE - The electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-electrochemical cell has excellent photoelectric characteristics and durability.
(JP3098219-B2)      NOVELTY - The fuel pole catalyst layer consists of alloy metal catalysts (1,3) including platinum and ruthenium whose mean particle diameter differs. The mean particle diameter of one metal catalyst is 1.5 times or more than that of another metal catalyst.    USE -   For solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The dissolved platinum re-precipitates on the big catalyst particles such that the active surface of the small catalyst particles is protected. Consequently co-poisoning proof characteristics of the battery is maintained for long period of time. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the enlarged model of the metal catalyst. (1,3) Metal catalysts.
(JP2000030527-A)   NOVELTY - A gel composition (C), which comprises a reversible gelling agent, an irreversible gelling agent, an electrolyte salt and a solvent for the salt.    USE - In lithium secondary batteries    ADVANTAGE - The reversible gelation allows improved contact to be made by the sol with electrodes. This contact is retained as the sol is converted to a solid by the irreversible gelling.
(EP1124214-A1)   NOVELTY - A heat-sensitive adhesive label is obtained by forming a heat-sensitive resin layer on a label substrate after corona discharge treatment on the resin layer.    USE - The adhesive label is particularly for or columnar or cylindrical dry cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Such label as an external label is capable of maintaining a sufficient adhesive force on a metal surface by coiling round the periphery even when heated at low temperatures.
(EP1090434-A1)   NOVELTY - A filler unit has float vessel with level sensing pipe in battery cell (14) to form pressure and vented chamber. An orifice (38) is formed in base of vessel at the head of pipe to pass liquid from vessel to cell along hydrophilic capillary passage defined by baffle plate (40A). The pressure equilibrium created in flowpath stops the liquid flow after liquid level in container is risen to desired level.    USE - For topping up battery cells, with electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Increases capillarity and wettability by the hydrophilic capillary passage of baffle plate, so that the flow rate is varied in different battery cells. Reduces filling time of battery cell by the arrangement of down pipe with orifice.
(US6287719-B1)   NOVELTY - A battery comprises a housing (10) that contains at least two cells (50, 80) connected in series comprising spirally wound electrode assemblies. Each assembly (30) has positive (52) and negative (60) electrode layers separated by a polymer electrolyte.    USE - The battery is for video cameras, cellular phones and portable computers.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a spiral-wound electrode-type construction that does not require the use of expensive separators. It can generate cell voltages of 3 or more volts while using less-expensive lower voltage components. An easy to manufacture multi-cell construction using conventional electrode winding equipment is made possible. The use of a polymer electrolyte that does not cause inter-cell leakage current eliminates the need for separate sealed containers and prevents physical contact between the positive and negative electrode layers. The elimination of separate sealed containers results into a space-efficient disposal of the electrochemical cells in the battery housing. Since a multi-cell, spiral wound electrode assembly is made possible, higher voltage batteries that use lower voltage cells using less-expensive lower components may be manufactured.
(JP2000000467-A)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell has platinum and ruthenium supported on a support. Platinum and ruthenium are supported in the mol ratio 2-4:8-6.    USE - The fuel cell can be used as power source for electrically driven vehicles and space ships.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows platinum and ruthenium metal particles to be carried out with no agglomeration and near each other. A platinum/ruthenium catalyst is produced which has excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning by carbon monoxide.    (JP2000003712-A)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell has platinum and ruthenium supported on a support. Platinum and ruthenium are supported in the mol ratio 2-4:8-6.    USE - The fuel cell can be used as power source for electrically driven vehicles and space ships.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows platinum and ruthenium metal particles to be carried out with no agglomeration and near each other. A platinum/ruthenium catalyst is produced which has excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning by carbon monoxide.    (EP1022795-A1)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell has platinum and ruthenium supported on a support. Platinum and ruthenium are supported in the mol ratio 2-4:8-6.    USE - The fuel cell can be used as power source for electrically driven vehicles and space ships.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows platinum and ruthenium metal particles to be carried out with no agglomeration and near each other. A platinum/ruthenium catalyst is produced which has excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning by carbon monoxide.
(NL1009431-C2)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises a layered structure (25) of at least: (a) a first electrically conductive layer (23); (b) a layer of crystalline metal oxide semiconductor material (14) deposited on a metal foil (23); (c) a transparent second electrically conductive layer (18) over a transparent substrate (26); and (d) an electrolytic liquid (16) contained between (b) and (c).    USE - The solar cell is used in the field of consumer electronics, e.g. watches.    (EP1095387-A1)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises a layered structure (25) of at least: (a) a first electrically conductive layer (23); (b) a layer of crystalline metal oxide semiconductor material (14) deposited on a metal foil (23); (c) a transparent second electrically conductive layer (18) over a transparent substrate (26); and (d) an electrolytic liquid (16) contained between (b) and (c).    USE - The solar cell is used in the field of consumer electronics, e.g. watches.
(EP1029593-A1)   NOVELTY - Catalyst includes 50-80 atomic% platinum.    USE - Used in the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas which is used as supply source of hydrogen for solid polymer fuel cells. The catalyst is used in electrically driven vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is a high performance oxidation catalyst for a gas produced by reforming, which can be used for selectively oxidising carbon monoxide which acts as a catalyst poison to convert it to carbon dioxide.
(EP1009048-A1)   NOVELTY - Carbon fiber paper for use in solid polymer fuel cells which is in a state where carbon short fibers are bonded with polymeric material is characterized in that at least 95% of the short carbon fibers satisfy a specific relationship.    USE - The carbon fiber paper is used as current collector for solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - There is no danger of the fuel short-circuiting with a counter electrode. The cell is not destroyed even by pressurizing and exhibits a relatively low resistance. The cell is inexpensive.    (KR2001013760-A)   NOVELTY - Carbon fiber paper for use in solid polymer fuel cells which is in a state where carbon short fibers are bonded with polymeric material is characterized in that at least 95% of the short carbon fibers satisfy a specific relationship.    USE - The carbon fiber paper is used as current collector for solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - There is no danger of the fuel short-circuiting with a counter electrode. The cell is not destroyed even by pressurizing and exhibits a relatively low resistance. The cell is inexpensive.
(US6103413-A)   NOVELTY - A bipolar separator plate for two electrochemical cells connected in series comprises two layers of a porous electronically conductive material. A solid layer of polymeric material with a dispersion of at least 1 wt.% of conductive filler is between the porous layers. The plate has an area resistivity of less than 1 ohm-cm2 and the solid layer has a permeability of less than 50 microDarcy.    USE - The bipolar plates are used for two electrochemical cells connected in series.    ADVANTAGE - The novel bipolar plate has desirable permeability, resistivity and structural integrity characteristics suitable for electrochemical cells, especially for cells in which the reactants on either side of the plate are pressurized.    (EP1080509-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar separator plate for two electrochemical cells connected in series comprises two layers of a porous electronically conductive material. A solid layer of polymeric material with a dispersion of at least 1 wt.% of conductive filler is between the porous layers. The plate has an area resistivity of less than 1 ohm-cm2 and the solid layer has a permeability of less than 50 microDarcy.    USE - The bipolar plates are used for two electrochemical cells connected in series.    ADVANTAGE - The novel bipolar plate has desirable permeability, resistivity and structural integrity characteristics suitable for electrochemical cells, especially for cells in which the reactants on either side of the plate are pressurized.
(GB2352557-A)   NOVELTY - A multi-element fuel cell system (1) comprises a cylindrical former (2), a rechargeable hydrogen fuel source (3) and a number of fuel elements (4). The former (2) comprises a series of interconnecting modules which are perforated to allow passage of fuel to the fuel cell elements (4). Each fuel cell element (4) is positioned radially and outwardly of the cylindrical former (2).    USE - The multi-element fuel cell is used in man-portable equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows fuel cells to be manufactured to different power specifications using the same production process. The multi-element fuel cells of the invention maybe linked together in any suitable configuration to create a large power source.    (EP1078409-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-element fuel cell system (1) comprises a cylindrical former (2), a rechargeable hydrogen fuel source (3) and a number of fuel elements (4). The former (2) comprises a series of interconnecting modules which are perforated to allow passage of fuel to the fuel cell elements (4). Each fuel cell element (4) is positioned radially and outwardly of the cylindrical former (2).    USE - The multi-element fuel cell is used in man-portable equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows fuel cells to be manufactured to different power specifications using the same production process. The multi-element fuel cells of the invention maybe linked together in any suitable configuration to create a large power source.
(EP1098381-A1)   NOVELTY - Total heat exchanger for transferring heat and moisture simultaneously from an exhausted gas to the fuel gas and the oxidising gas is built in on the inner sides of the end plates provided at the opposite ends of the fuel cell or between the insulating plate and the collector plate or the end plates.    USE - Used as high polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - After use cooling water is used as heat source of co-generation system and a fuel cell is provided with a compact internal total heat exchanger.
(US6074774-A)   NOVELTY - The sealed rechargeable battery employs plenum stabilization material (20) by introducing it into the battery case (1) in a liquid flowable state to fill space not occupied by the internal battery components within the battery case. The plenum stabilization substance is then allowed to solidify in situ to form block of plenum stabilization material within the case.    USE - The sealed rechargeable batteries are used in portable hand-held power tools and electric vehicles.
(JP2000038472-A)   NOVELTY - The solubility of a doping inorganic acid in methanol fuel during the operation of a fuel cell is reduced by substituting one of the acid's hydrogens with a functional group containing a phenyl group. An imidazole ring-containing polymer is doped with the substituted acid to form a solid polymer electrolyte.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte overcomes the problems of seepage on compression and methanol barrier properties, typically associated with acid doped polymer electrolytes.    (US6124060-A)   NOVELTY - The solubility of a doping inorganic acid in methanol fuel during the operation of a fuel cell is reduced by substituting one of the acid's hydrogens with a functional group containing a phenyl group. An imidazole ring-containing polymer is doped with the substituted acid to form a solid polymer electrolyte.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte overcomes the problems of seepage on compression and methanol barrier properties, typically associated with acid doped polymer electrolytes.
(WO9960648-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good operational safety.    (EP1086504-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good operational safety.
(US6040378-A)   NOVELTY - A protective and antireflective coating made by chemically grafting organic monomers and prepolymers onto the surface of a glass substrate produces enhanced transmittance in excess of one percent and provides adhesion and abrasion resistance.    USE - The polymeric coating is applied onto glass substrates to provide antireflective properties, and resistance to abrasion, chemical attack and UV degradation.    ADVANTAGE - Glass substrate with the polymeric coating exhibits excellent adhesion, and reduced reflectance as close to zero, thus maximizing transmittance. The coated glass substrate is also provided with resistance to abrasion, water/chemical attack, and UV degradation.    (EP1088008-A1)   NOVELTY - A protective and antireflective coating made by chemically grafting organic monomers and prepolymers onto the surface of a glass substrate produces enhanced transmittance in excess of one percent and provides adhesion and abrasion resistance.    USE - The polymeric coating is applied onto glass substrates to provide antireflective properties, and resistance to abrasion, chemical attack and UV degradation.    ADVANTAGE - Glass substrate with the polymeric coating exhibits excellent adhesion, and reduced reflectance as close to zero, thus maximizing transmittance. The coated glass substrate is also provided with resistance to abrasion, water/chemical attack, and UV degradation.
(US6080508-A)      NOVELTY - A strip-shaped film (18) of thermobonding polymeric material attached to battery terminals, is thermobonded to a multilayered polymer insulator (26). Small plates (20,22) of hard-high fusing point polymeric material are inserted between the film (18) and multilayered lamination material. A part of the plate is adhered to the terminal surface. Then the edge of the polymeric material is opened and sealed.    USE -   For flat lithium battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents short circuit of the battery terminal by careless contact with the protection metallic foil in the laminate material for outer cladding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional and explanatory drawing of the outer cladding collector of the lithium battery. (18) Strip-shaped film; (20,22) Small plates; (26) Inner insulator.
(US6187464-B1)   NOVELTY - The method for activating polymer electrolyte type fuel cell comprising unit cell(s) configured by including proton conductive polymer electrolyte, an electrolyte layer having catalytic activity arranged on both surfaces of electrolyte and a gas supplying bath. The method involves enhancing the catalytic activity of electrode and/or giving a wetting condition to the electrolyte.    USE - For activating an electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an easy and highly effective method for activating the fuel cell by preventing the deterioration in the cell performance due to CO poisoning or restoring the deteriorated cell performance. Reduces the delay in demonstrating the cell performance due to the water-repelling property of the electrolyte membrane.
(US6127024-A)   NOVELTY - A single ply label adapted to shrink around rims of a dry cell battery includes: a shrinkable polymeric film including 2 linear ends extending beyond the rims of the battery and a varnish layer applied over any graphics on the film and defining patterned edges.    USE - The label is shrunk over a battery to provide insulation, protection and labeling.    ADVANTAGE - The varnish layer forms a smooth, substantially continuous surface resulting from gaps between a pattern of varnish closing when the polymeric film shrinks around the rims of the battery.    (JP2000340185-A)   NOVELTY - A single ply label adapted to shrink around rims of a dry cell battery includes: a shrinkable polymeric film including 2 linear ends extending beyond the rims of the battery and a varnish layer applied over any graphics on the film and defining patterned edges.    USE - The label is shrunk over a battery to provide insulation, protection and labeling.    ADVANTAGE - The varnish layer forms a smooth, substantially continuous surface resulting from gaps between a pattern of varnish closing when the polymeric film shrinks around the rims of the battery.
(JP2000200616-A)   NOVELTY - A material for solid polyelectrolyte comprises a multi-segmented fluoropolymer containing 2 or more fluoropolymer segments differing in monomer compositions, wherein at least 1 of the fluoropolymer segments has sulfonic acid type functional groups.    USE - The material is particularly useful as a solid polyelectrolyte which is suitable for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such material has ion conductivity and improved mechanical strength and durability.    (EP1091435-A1)   NOVELTY - A material for solid polyelectrolyte comprises a multi-segmented fluoropolymer containing 2 or more fluoropolymer segments differing in monomer compositions, wherein at least 1 of the fluoropolymer segments has sulfonic acid type functional groups.    USE - The material is particularly useful as a solid polyelectrolyte which is suitable for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such material has ion conductivity and improved mechanical strength and durability.
(JP11312535-A)   NOVELTY - Electrolyte comprises a matrix fluoropolymer with Mw at least 550000.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a long charge discharge cycling life span and good productivity. The solid electrolyte has good adhesive strength and good electrical contact with the electrode active layers.    (EP1001476-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrolyte comprises a matrix fluoropolymer with Mw at least 550000.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a long charge discharge cycling life span and good productivity. The solid electrolyte has good adhesive strength and good electrical contact with the electrode active layers.    (CN1272228-A)   NOVELTY - Electrolyte comprises a matrix fluoropolymer with Mw at least 550000.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a long charge discharge cycling life span and good productivity. The solid electrolyte has good adhesive strength and good electrical contact with the electrode active layers.    (TW417326-A)   NOVELTY - Electrolyte comprises a matrix fluoropolymer with Mw at least 550000.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a long charge discharge cycling life span and good productivity. The solid electrolyte has good adhesive strength and good electrical contact with the electrode active layers.    (KR2001014161-A)   NOVELTY - Electrolyte comprises a matrix fluoropolymer with Mw at least 550000.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a long charge discharge cycling life span and good productivity. The solid electrolyte has good adhesive strength and good electrical contact with the electrode active layers.
(JP3183270-B2)      NOVELTY - Organic electrolyte is injected and absorbed between laminated anode and cathode in battery container. After injecting organic electrolyte, battery container is heated and decompressed suitably.    USE -   For injecting organic electrolyte to lithium secondary battery used for portable telephone, notebook PC, etc..    ADVANTAGE -   Organic electrolyte can be sufficiently absorbed by polymer, hence improving discharge rate characteristic, favorably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional view of laminated electrode.
(US6132904-A)      NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte consists of the composite of a polystyrene, a block copolymer of a polyethylene oxide and a lithium salt. The battery (BA) has a positive electrode (1), a negative electrode (2) containing carbon material which serves as a lithium ion occlusion material and a polymeric electrolyte film separator (3).    USE -   For lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has a sufficient charging and discharging cycle characteristics and provides high energy. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of the lithium secondary battery. (1) Positive electrode; (2) Negative electrode; (3) Film separator; (BA) Battery.
(US6038768-A)   NOVELTY - The welding is carried out by preheating the ends of the heat exchanging tubes (104,104a,104b). The ends are then further heated to achieve partial melting. At the same time heat is applied to the header pipe (110), partially melting the flange. The heated heat exchanging tubes are then sealed to the header pipe. The solar heat is captured by the heating panel (102) with an array of heat exchanging tubes (104). The water running through the header pipe and the heat exchanging tubes is thus heated. The ends of the header pipe are covered with caps (112) for interconnection purposes.    USE - For welding solar panel boards and thermal heat exchanger tubing to header pipes e.g. used for heating swimming pools.    ADVANTAGE - The number of steps associated with the fabrication of thermal energy storage systems is reduced. The process steps are readily adapted to panel boards of different sizes. The overall production cost is reduced. Efficiently couples header pipes to heat exchange tubes.
(EP1080498-A1)   NOVELTY - Reflectors (30B-30D) are arranged between the solar cells (4) mounted on a substrate, in an array. The reflectors are laminated plastic sheet with light reflection coating. The laminated sheet has multiple V-grooves, inclined at angle of 25-35 degrees, with the top cover and base substrate, so that total internal reflection on solar cells is performed.    USE - For high power generation plants (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The power output of photovoltaic solar cell module is increased, by the internal reflecting reflectors, arranged between the cells. Manufacturing method of solar module is improved and made easy.
(EP1094031-A1)   NOVELTY - A single pipe cylindrical reformer has a vertical cylindrical outer tube, a cylindrical inner tube inside the outer tube and arranged coaxially, cylindrical intermediate tubes between the inner and outer tubes and arranged coaxially, cylindrical radiating tube inside the inner tube and arranged coaxially, a burner fixed to an axial end part of the reformer by arranging coaxially in the radiating tube, and circulating flow passages formed in radial direction layers between the inner tube and the intermediates tubes and between the intermediate tubes and the outer tube so reforming catalyst can be packed as a reforming catalyst layer in at least one part.    USE - The reformer produces hydrogen-rich reformed gas by steam reforming hydrocarbon fuels such as city gas, natural gas and LPG, and alcohols, and can be combined with solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is small in size, quick starting and has a high operating efficiency. A reformed gas of low carbon monoxide concentration is produced.
(JP2000256808-A)   NOVELTY - A noble metal or alloy is deposited on the surface of a portion that contacts another part developing a contact resistance, from which an oxide film has been removed.    USE - For electrically powered cars and small scale generating systems.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion efficiency is high.    (JP2000260439-A)   NOVELTY - A noble metal or alloy is deposited on the surface of a portion that contacts another part developing a contact resistance, from which an oxide film has been removed.    USE - For electrically powered cars and small scale generating systems.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion efficiency is high.    (JP2001006713-A)   NOVELTY - A noble metal or alloy is deposited on the surface of a portion that contacts another part developing a contact resistance, from which an oxide film has been removed.    USE - For electrically powered cars and small scale generating systems.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion efficiency is high.
(JP2000294256-A)   NOVELTY - A solid state polymeric type fuel battery (1) has separators consisting of ferritic stainless steel interposed between unit batteries. Stainless steel comprises (in weight%) S (0.005% or less), P (0.025% or less), Va (0.2% or less), Ni (0.2% or less), Cu (0.2% or less), Cr (10.5-35%), Mo (0-6%), Si (0.3% or less), Mn (0.4% or less), C (0.018% or less), N (0.018% or less) and rare earth elements (0-0.1%).    USE - As small sized distributed power supplier for motor vehicles and domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Since expensive gilding is not needed, the manufacture of fuel battery is inexpensive and poisoning of each supported electrode in the fuel battery is minimized.
(JP2000294255-A)   NOVELTY - The solid-state polymeric-type fuel battery (1) has separators (5a,5b) consisting of ferritic stainless steel with composition of Si of 0.01-0.6 wt.%, V of 0.2 wt.% or less, P of 0.025 wt.% less, Mn of 0.01-0.6 wt.%, C of 0.012 wt.% or less, S of 0.004 wt.% or less, N of 0.02 wt.% or less, Cu of 0.001-0.8 wt%, Ni of 0.2-6 wt.%, Cr of 10.5-35 wt.%, Al of 0.001-0.2 wt.% and Mo of 0-6 wt.%.    USE - As small sized distributed power supplier for motor vehicle and domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Since expensive gilding is not needed, the manufacture of fuel battery is inexpensive. Poisoning of each supported electrode by the melting of metal ion in fuel battery is minimized.
(WO200054031-A1)   NOVELTY - Semiconductor electronic property comprises detection of incident IR radiation extinction from a transmission IR camera image.    USE - For determining dopant concentration, dopant distribution and/or charge carrier lifetime in a solar cell semiconductor such as silicon, germanium, CdTe, GaAs or copper indium diselenide and its variations with S and Ga.    ADVANTAGE - Permits highly efficient and rapid semiconductor electronic property characterization for effective production process monitoring.
(WO200062347-A2)   NOVELTY - A CIS (copper indium selenide) solar cell is produced by indium, copper and selenium electrodeposition onto a flexible metal strip (1) divided by insulation into cell regions and then heat treating.    USE - As a CIS thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Allows production of the requisite flexible CIS solar cell layer structure on special steel strip in an inexpensive, environment-friendly and highly energy efficient manner.
(JP2001035512-A)   NOVELTY - Battery has electrolyte board (30) between electrodes (10,12) supported inside the cell (20). Wet seal is formed in the cell having recess (18) for air supply during cleaning corrugated end (28) contacts the inside of the electrodes forming wet seal during cleaning baking operation of electrolyte impregnated in holding material.    USE - As fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens time for cleaning the electrolyte by supplying sufficient oxygen, avoiding leakage of fuel salt and gas by perfect sealing effect as corrugated end contacting electrode is provided.
(JP2000345273-A)   NOVELTY - A method for absorption and release of hydrogen, comprises repeated application of high and reduced pressures of hydrogen to an alloy used for hydrogen storage.    USE - The method and the alloy are suitable for use in hydrogen fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method using the alloy increases the amount of hydrogen supplied to the cell, and contributes to the generation of clean energy.
(DE10010006-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel battery system (1) has three heating groups in which heating groups (110,80) guide waste gas from combustor (22) to exterior of battery assembly. Waste gas is utilized as heat source by heater (70) that heats oxygen containing gas from compressor (30). The heated gas is supplied to gas-liquid flow path via flow pipes (111,114,108). Flow pipes (115,116) guide heated gas from system (1) to exterior.    USE - E.g. fuel battery system with system reheating function for use in cold environment.    ADVANTAGE - Poor operation of battery system is prevented in low temperature environment, since all system assembly equipment are heated. Electricity generation efficiency is improved because reduction in oxygen can be inhibited.
(JP2001035522-A)   NOVELTY - The modifier (1) consists of fuel modification catalyst carried to activated charcoal (13), with an electrical resistance of 5000 mega/125 cm3 or less. A pair of electrodes (14) is provided on both sides of catalyst. Heat generation occurs by direct electrification of the activated charcoal.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of a modifier is achieved. Since highly conductive activated charcoal is used as a carrier for fuel modification catalyst. Temperature rise or heat generation is quickly brought about by supplying electricity. Excellent startability and transient response property are attained. Size of the electric supply devices such as battery and capacitor is reduced.
(JP2000299121-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel stack (61) has fasteners for fastening the fuel cell laminate body in the direction of lamination of the unit cells (32). The fasteners include supports (37); connectors; and fastening tools. The supports are equipped with flanges (42) and arranged at the upper and lower end portions of the fuel cell laminate body.    USE - The fuel stack is useful a power source of a motor used in place of an internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - Air pollution is not a problem for a motor car using the fuel cell. Noise is scarcely generated from the motor car using the fuel cell. The motor using the fuel cell has a higher energy recovery rate over the one using the internal combustion engine.
(WO200056453-A1)   NOVELTY - Catalyst has a layer of catalytic material on an electrically conducting substrate. The catalytic layer contains metallic clusters which are directly bonded to the substrate.    USE - In catalytic converters for motor vehicles, as catalysts in fuel cells and in chemical reactors in stationary plant (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface area of the catalyst is increased and less catalyst is required. Erosion of the catalyst is reduced and it has longer life.
(WO200052764-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid state device, comprising a contact layer bearing a potential barrier of two layers with highly structured conformal surfaces, is new.    USE - As a solar cell or photodetector (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Large area contact is ensured between the two potential barrier layers in an inexpensive manner, resulting in a solid state device having stable operation and good efficiency.    (DE10080500-T)   NOVELTY - A solid state device, comprising a contact layer bearing a potential barrier of two layers with highly structured conformal surfaces, is new.    USE - As a solar cell or photodetector (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Large area contact is ensured between the two potential barrier layers in an inexpensive manner, resulting in a solid state device having stable operation and good efficiency.
(JP2000294818-A)   NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion layer converts incident light into an electric signal. The diffraction layer, present on the opposite side of the conversion layer to the incident light, reflects the light passing through the conversion layer.    USE - Thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improved optical absorption efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The devices can be manufactured inexpensively.
(DE19914247-A1)   NOVELTY - The HTM (high-temperature membrane) fuel cell incorporating an electrolyte carrier (1) with two-sided electrode coating, an adjoining gas diffusion layer (3) and a bounding pole plate (5) additionally comprises a container (2) for temporary storage of the electrolyte which together with the process gas stream has been carried out of the fuel cell , and is to be returned into the latter. Also claimed are a battery of such fuel cells, and a start-up method for them. This method involves temporary storage and subsequent return of the electrolyte into the fuel cells.    USE - For production of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Electrolyte loss during start-up of the HTM fuel cell is reduced by storage and return of some the electrolyte carried out of the fuel cell with the process gas stream.
(DE19910773-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    (JP2000268829-A)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    (EP1037295-B1)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.
(FR2792114-A1)   NOVELTY - Electronically conducting needles through which the charges flow are located perpendicular to the surface of the screen (A) separating two adjacent elements of the cell, but not passing through them. The screen (A) has good electronic conductivity.    USE - In fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of gas from one compartment to another is eliminated.
(US6284206-B1)   NOVELTY - Selective oxidizer assembly (12) contains a fuel gas inlet (16), a metered oxygen or air inlet (18), a flow section (I) of catalyzed fuel gas and oxygen, a coolant inlet (22), and a heat exchange section (I) which includes monolithic open cell foam component (MOCFC) which is in contact with coolant fluid conduit. MOCFC includes a lattice which provides enhanced heat transfer from gas flowing through MOCFC.    USE - Used for fuel cell power plant.    ADVANTAGE - The use of heat exchanger elements and open cell monolithic construction, with its minimized gas flow surface area and excellent heat transfer characteristics, allows minimization of size and weight of selective oxidizer assemblage. Therefore, light weight, sturdy selective oxidizer assemblage which provides large surface area per unit volume of the selective oxidizer, and efficient heat transfer properties is provided. The compact selective oxidizer assemblage is desirable for vehicular applications and also benefits larger higher power output fuel cell power plants or stand-alone selective oxidizers.
(JP2000294265-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system uses a dry compressor to provide compressed air used as the oxidant. Controlled amounts of water are sprayed directly onto the rotor(s) of the dry compressor to reduce the energy required by the compressor to compress a given amount of air.    USE - Fuel cell system for continuously producing electrical energy using oxygen and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The energy efficiency of the dry compressor is optimized, particularly at low speeds, in order to reduce the parasitic load the compressor places on the fuel cell system.    (US6268074-B1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system uses a dry compressor to provide compressed air used as the oxidant. Controlled amounts of water are sprayed directly onto the rotor(s) of the dry compressor to reduce the energy required by the compressor to compress a given amount of air.    USE - Fuel cell system for continuously producing electrical energy using oxygen and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The energy efficiency of the dry compressor is optimized, particularly at low speeds, in order to reduce the parasitic load the compressor places on the fuel cell system.
(JP2000299117-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator comprises a conductive core part (1) which is composed of a metal or metal composite material. A conductive adhesive layer (2) covers the conductive core part. A conductive skin part (3) is formed on the conductive adhesive layer. The conductive core and conductive skin parts are bonded via the conductive adhesive layer.    USE - The fuel cell separator is used for transmitting the electricity generated in the gas-diffusing electrode of the fuel cell, to the outside. It is also used for draining the water formed in the grooves during the process of electricity generation, and for securing the grooves as passages (4) for reactant gas flowing into the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has sufficient strength and gas non-permeability even when made in a thin sheet.
(DE19909417-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar collector, comprising hollow or porous fibers internally coated or impregnated with photovoltaic active material, is new.    USE - Especially as a solar collector comprising woven fibers or fibers applied onto a flexible backing layer, e.g. for use on roofs, facades, unproductive land, sand dunes, trees or traffic surfaces.    ADVANTAGE - The design protects the active material against mechanical loads so that the collector has a long service life.
(JP2000319260-A)   NOVELTY - Liquid crystal pyridinium and imidazolium compounds of formula (I-1) and (I-2) are new.    USE - The liquid crystal compounds are especially useful as electrolytes e.g. in a lithium ion secondary battery or a solar cell having a dye-sensitized semiconductor layer.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is non-volatile and has high electrical conductivity and durability. Photo-electrochemical cells exhibit excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.
(WO200054358-A1)   NOVELTY - Tubular composite (1) is made of a braiding (3) consisting of bundles and/or wires of an electron-conducting material and a layer (5) of an ion-conducting material arranged on top.    USE - The composite is used as a fuel cell element and as ion exchange membranes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composite is easy to produce.
(JP2001148489-A)   NOVELTY - Method of manufacturing a solar cell includes laminating an indium layer formed under heating and a copper layer on an electrode formed on a substrate surface, so that peeling of p-type semiconductor layer can be suppressed during potassium cyanide treatment.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has improved power generation efficiency. High quality solar cell is easily produced.    (JP2001148490-A)   NOVELTY - Method of manufacturing a solar cell includes laminating an indium layer formed under heating and a copper layer on an electrode formed on a substrate surface, so that peeling of p-type semiconductor layer can be suppressed during potassium cyanide treatment.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has improved power generation efficiency. High quality solar cell is easily produced.
(JP2000323733-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell has a p-type light absorption layer and a cadmium-free n-type layer of larger bandgap and similar electron affinity or of a specified ZnO-based semiconductor.    USE - Especially as a thin film solar cell with a light absorption layer of Ib-IIIb-VIb compound semiconductor.    ADVANTAGE - In the first solar cell, the use of a window layer with the specified electron affinity suppresses recombination at the junction and avoids formation of a barrier to photo-excited carriers so that the cell has high efficiency without the use of CdS as the window layer. In the second cell, the window layer contains only a few defects and has a bandgap and electron affinity which can be altered as desired so that the cell has high efficiency.    (US6259016-B1)   NOVELTY - A solar cell has a p-type light absorption layer and a cadmium-free n-type layer of larger bandgap and similar electron affinity or of a specified ZnO-based semiconductor.    USE - Especially as a thin film solar cell with a light absorption layer of Ib-IIIb-VIb compound semiconductor.    ADVANTAGE - In the first solar cell, the use of a window layer with the specified electron affinity suppresses recombination at the junction and avoids formation of a barrier to photo-excited carriers so that the cell has high efficiency without the use of CdS as the window layer. In the second cell, the window layer contains only a few defects and has a bandgap and electron affinity which can be altered as desired so that the cell has high efficiency.
(JP2001072500-A)   NOVELTY - Growth of silicide crystal such as beta-FeSi2 involves reacting silicon substrate and melt of intermetallic compound such as iron antimonid at high temperature.    USE - For use in thermo electric generator, cooler, an infrared sensor and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables manufacture of highly pure, large sized silicide crystal from liquid phase. The crystal obtained has high industrial value and can be easily doped with desired impurities at low temperature.
(WO200051716-A1)   NOVELTY - Sulfonated aromatic polyether ketone polymers of specified formula are new.    USE - The membrane (II) is useful in fuel cells, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, electrolysis or high performance capacitors. The sulfonated aromatic polymer (I) is useful in fuel cells and high efficiency capacitors. (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Membranes (II) prepared from the sulfonated aromatic polymer have good proton conductivity and are prepared in a cost effective manner.
(EP1047143-A2)   NOVELTY - A separator (14) has anode and cathode lateral electrodes on sides of an electrolyte film. Heating gas inlets (36a,52a), outlets (36b,52b), oxidizing gas inlets (38a,54a), outlets (38b,54b) and cooling medium inlets (40a, 56a), outlets (40b, 56b) are provided in separators. Main and auxiliary flow passages (48a,48b,50a-50d) are provided between cooling medium inlet and outlets, along separators surface.    USE - In e.g. solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - By branching the flow path between inlet and outlet, the length of the flow path is reduced which reduces the pressure loss and increases the efficiency of electricity generation system of the fuel battery, efficiently.
(DE19961482-A1)   NOVELTY - Storage tanks (4) are provided in the circulation pipeline (201) for storing water, hydrocarbon fuel or a mixture of both from which branch pipelines (26,27) are provided for raw material supply which is force fed for modification to a carbon monoxide reduction unit (14) through an evaporation portion (12) and modification portion (13). The carbon monoxide reduction unit is cooled by heat exchanger (5).    USE - For fuel battery (claimed) used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide reduction is stabilized even on load fluctuation.
(DE19909145-A1)   NOVELTY - Gas generating reagent pressurizing equipment, comprising a pump for feeding a pressurizing medium to a reagent in a supply container is new.    USE - For pressurizing reagents such as hydrocarbons (e.g. methanol) and optionally water used in a steam reforming or partial oxidation system to generate hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell or possibly in a common rail system for diesel engines or in a common rail ultra-pure water system for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment is simpler and less expensive than conventional pump systems of the same capacity since the pump is kept out of contact with the reagent, especially an aggressive medium, and permits precise and reliable reagent dosing.
(JP2000247603-A)   NOVELTY - Reforming device comprises a monolithic catalyst which carries on a monolith support, a catalyst for a partial oxidation reaction to oxidize a part of the hydrocarbon fuel and a catalyst for a steam reforming reaction to reform the hydrocarbon fuel into a gas containing hydrogen on a monolith support using steam. The support is made up of a number of cells that separate the flow path of the gas into a number of paths.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The degree of effectiveness of the steam reforming reaction is improved.
(JP2000243425-A)   NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide remover (1) comprises an air mixer (2) for mixing air with oxygen-rich gas containing carbon monoxide to produce a mixed gas, and a selectively oxidative catalyst device (3) for oxidizing the carbon monoxide. The mixed gas is fed through the selectively oxidative catalyst device. The catalyst device comprises a gas flow-through pipe (30) having a catalyst bed (40), and a catalyst mixing unit (50) for mixing a part of the mixed gas that flows away from an inner surface of the pipe, and the residual part of the mixed gas that flows near to the inner surface of the pipe.    USE - For a fuel cell production system.    ADVANTAGE - The device has high carbon monoxide selectivity.
(WO200060135-A2)   NOVELTY - Thin insoluble ceramic, oxide, other chalcogenide or metallic coating production, by contacting a dried precursor layer (PL) with a humid reactant gas (RG) and heat treating, is new.    USE - For production of thin difficultly soluble coatings, especially ceramic or oxide layers or possibly metallic or other chalcogenide layers, on substrates of any morphology, e.g. for producing solar cell components, doped layers, multilayers, surface protection layers or conductive, reflective, absorbent, catalytic or chemisorbent layers.    ADVANTAGE - The process extends the ILGAR (ionic layer gas reaction) process, described in DE19831214.8, to further surface layers of other material compositions and allows simple, ecological and economical production of higher quality coatings with higher yields using a wider range of precursors.
(JP2000281819-A)   NOVELTY - Liquid medium comprising basic polymer with amino group repeating unit, bridging agent and solvent is shaped into membrane configuration to form polymer electrolyte membrane (12). Basic polymer is bridged by the bridging agent in the shaped membrane.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed), electrolyte for display element, electrochromic element or various sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The basic polymer of the membrane has good mechanical strength as the solvent in the liquid medium do not react with bridging agent. The proton conductivity in the basic polymer is impregnated with strong acid thus enabling the membrane to be used as an electrolyte for cells. The polymer electrolyte membrane obtained can be operated at 100degreesC or above. The mechanical strength of the polymer membrane is sufficiently improved when the amount of bridging agent in the liquid medium is 0.05-0.3 mole.
NOVELTY - A membrane and electrode assembly is fabricated by coating an electrocatalyst ink on a pre-formed perfluorosulfonyl fluoride copolymer sheet, embedding electrocatalyst coats into the sheet by hot pressing the electrocatalyst-coated sheet, and hydrolyzing the electrocatalyst-embedded sheet. The catalyst ink comprises carbon-supported platinum, glycerol, and water.    USE - The method is used for fabricating membrane and electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The PEMFC is used as an electric power source for, e.g. automobiles, as transportable electric source or an on-site power source.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method is simpler and economically much more favorable than the conventional methods which use Nafion solution. The MEA fabricated by the method is far superior to conventional MEAs in the bonding strength between electrode and membrane and in the effective electrode reaction on the three-phase boundary.
(JP2000234055-A)   NOVELTY - A resin composition comprises: (A) 100 weight parts of a resin composed of 0-99 wt.% epoxy resin and 1-100 wt.% polyimide resin; and (B) 40-900 parts of filler(s) selected from graphite, ketjen black, acetylene black, furnace carbon black and thermal carbon black.    USE - The resin composition is used in fuel cell separators and sealing materials (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition can contain a large amount of filler, has excellent moldability and provides molded products having both high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.    (JP2000239488-A)   NOVELTY - A resin composition comprises: (A) 100 weight parts of a resin composed of 0-99 wt.% epoxy resin and 1-100 wt.% polyimide resin; and (B) 40-900 parts of filler(s) selected from graphite, ketjen black, acetylene black, furnace carbon black and thermal carbon black.    USE - The resin composition is used in fuel cell separators and sealing materials (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition can contain a large amount of filler, has excellent moldability and provides molded products having both high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.
(JP2000243416-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell system for generating electrical energy from a fuel gas produced in a steam reformer includes a compressor for pressurizing the oxidizing gas supply to the reformer.    USE - The system is useful for generating electrical energy from hydrocarbon-based fuels, e.g. methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The second compressor overcomes the pressure drop in the steam reformer, ensuring that the exit gas from the fuel cell is under sufficient pressure to be supplied to the combustion unit.
(DE19908905-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen generating unit supplied with water condensed from the generated hydrogen gas and/or from the cathode off-gas.    USE - The fuel cell system is especially useful as an electric vehicle fuel cell system with an integral hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative steam reformer for hydrogen generation.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides extremely efficient water utilization to provide good dynamic properties under fluctuating load conditions and, if required, can have a relatively compact construction.
(US6140266-A)   NOVELTY - A catalyst bed (2) comprises a monolithic open cell foam member having a lattice (4); and a catalyst. The lattice defines interconnected interstices, and it has a core which is provided with a high surface area wash coat layer on all surfaces of the core. The catalyst is deposited on the wash coat layer.    USE - Used in fuel processing system that catalytically renders a fuel gas stream useful for fueling fuel cell power plant.    ADVANTAGE - The use of an open cell lattice enables the formation of very compact, light weight, and high surface area catalyst bed with excellent gas flow-through characteristics.
(DE10080450-T)   NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide conversion apparatus for fuel cells has a reaction vessel having gas outlet and inlet containing a catalyst comprising at least platinum or palladium on a support having basic spots on the surface.    USE - The converter can be used for instantaneously carrying out a starting operation for modifying a gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam so the carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide while generating hydrogen. The fuel cell generating system is effective in e.g. domestic or vehicle power sources.    ADVANTAGE - The modification treatment can be carried out at increased temperature. The operation which prevents inhibition of the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen with carbon monoxide is performed effectively and instantly.
(WO200077872-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid oxide fuel cell stack comprises planar integral component fuel cell units and flat flexible metallic foil interconnect. The interconnect is disposed between a porous anode layer and a porous cathode layer of adjacent integral component fuel cell units.    USE - For the direct production of electricity from standard fuel materials including fossil fuels, and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The invention eliminates the need for glass seals between the cell units and interconnect. It can be subjected to rapid thermal variations in temperature without cracking. Thermal expansion matching between components is not necessary.    (EP1105929-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid oxide fuel cell stack comprises planar integral component fuel cell units and flat flexible metallic foil interconnect. The interconnect is disposed between a porous anode layer and a porous cathode layer of adjacent integral component fuel cell units.    USE - For the direct production of electricity from standard fuel materials including fossil fuels, and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The invention eliminates the need for glass seals between the cell units and interconnect. It can be subjected to rapid thermal variations in temperature without cracking. Thermal expansion matching between components is not necessary.
(JP2001143718-A)   NOVELTY - Methane is added to combustion exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide gas ejected from natural gas electricity generation process during which natural gas is burnt with oxygen. Methane reacts with carbon dioxide in modification-reaction process to obtain syngas.    USE - For natural gas electricity generation for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon dioxide-gas generation per unit electricity generation is reduced.
(JP2000261013-A)   NOVELTY - Glass substrate includes an undercoat of a crystalline metal oxide (12) for imparting roughness between the base glass plate (10) and a continuous alkali barrier film (14).    USE - The glass substrate is used as a substrate for an amorphous silicon solar cell. The glass substrate can also be used in electronic calculators, watches and sensors. The glass substrate can be used alone as an electromagnetic shielding glass.    ADVANTAGE - The formation of hair cracks in the transparent conductive film is prevented even when it has a thickness of at least 5000 Angstrom. A high-quality, highly reliable glass substrate is obtained.
(DE19904401-C2)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen production plant includes a permeate purification stage (12) for treating of permeate gas to reduce pollutant gases.    USE - Used for producing fuel, fuel cell system, etc.
(EP1020489-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of a water (preferably H3O+ ion)-selective permeable polymer membrane, especially a polyelectrolyte membrane for methanol fuel cells, is such that the membrane (1) is coated with a thin crosslinked polymer layer (3) by plasma-polymerization.    USE - In treating of water-selective (e.g. perfluorinated polysulfone) membranes for methanol fuel cells used for the production of electricity by oxidation.    ADVANTAGE - Coating of the membrane greatly reduces the MeOH permeability without affecting water permeability, reductions by a factor of 10 for MeOH-crossover being achievable. Further, the coatings have a smooth surface and good adhesion to the base membrane, and cells using the coated membranes have a long life.
(JP2000239879-A)   NOVELTY - A electrode assembly comprising a gas diffusion electrode with a metallic edging material bonded to its peripheral part.    USE - For e.g. electrolysis of sodium chloride.    ADVANTAGE - Provides satisfactory electrode plate handleablility, can be easily sealed and free from liquid leakage.
(DE19903353-C2)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell process gas humidifying and compressing equipment, comprising a membrane humidifier and a side channel type compressor with an integrated humidifier, is new.    USE - Especially for a PEM fuel cell unit used in stationary or especially mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment provides optimal humidifying with minimal temperature rise of the compressed gas.
(DE19903168-A1)   NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon/water mixture evaporation and/or superheating equipment, comprising a burner (3) supplying hot combustion waste gas to the heat carrier side (1b) of a heat exchanger (1), is new.    USE - For a fuel cell gas generating system.    ADVANTAGE - Use of hot combustion waste gas as the heat carrier in the heat exchanger provides high thermal efficiency and good dynamic response to different thermal energy requirements, protects the heat exchanger against excessive heating and chemical attack by direct contact with the burner flame, allows use of a simple heat exchanger construction and avoids formation of an explosive gas mixture within the heat exchanger.
(GB2353292-A)   NOVELTY - A gas reservoir (6a,6b) is formed of a one or two-piece tubular hollow chamber open at the top. The reservoir is sub-divided into a reservoir chamber (6a',6b') and a pressure-compensation chamber (6a'',6b'') by a stopper (9) through which a vertical tube (10) passes, linking the chambers. The gas reservoirs are positioned directly against or are co-formed with the end-plates (4a,4b). The respective half-cells (2a,2b) are linked via passages in the end-plates and openings (7) with the respective reservoirs and their electrolyte content.    USE - Experimental electrolysis cell or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is robust, compact, easy to operate and cheap to manufacture.    (JP2001076744-A)   NOVELTY - A gas reservoir (6a,6b) is formed of a one or two-piece tubular hollow chamber open at the top. The reservoir is sub-divided into a reservoir chamber (6a',6b') and a pressure-compensation chamber (6a'',6b'') by a stopper (9) through which a vertical tube (10) passes, linking the chambers. The gas reservoirs are positioned directly against or are co-formed with the end-plates (4a,4b). The respective half-cells (2a,2b) are linked via passages in the end-plates and openings (7) with the respective reservoirs and their electrolyte content.    USE - Experimental electrolysis cell or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is robust, compact, easy to operate and cheap to manufacture.
(DE19902926-C2)   NOVELTY - Steam reforming apparatus comprises a pyrolysis reactor (5) connected to a shift reactor (10). The pyrolysis reactor carries out a splitting process and the shift reactor carries out a hydrogen gas shift reaction on the product gas containing carbon monoxide from the pyrolysis reactor.    USE - In a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is lightweight, compact. simple to regulate and has a high hydrogen yield.
(JP2000208151-A)   NOVELTY - Gas diffusion electrode comprises a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer contains a porous electrolyte A having pores joined three dimensionally to each other, and a microporous catalyst-electrolyte aggregate containing a catalyst and an electrolyte B.    USE - In polymer electrolyte-type fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Proton conductivity of the catalyst layer is improved.    (JP2000235859-A)   NOVELTY - Gas diffusion electrode comprises a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer contains a porous electrolyte A having pores joined three dimensionally to each other, and a microporous catalyst-electrolyte aggregate containing a catalyst and an electrolyte B.    USE - In polymer electrolyte-type fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Proton conductivity of the catalyst layer is improved.
(JP2000203804-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel reformer comprises a transforming region, a shift reaction region with a maximum capacity in a prescribed ratio to the maximum capacity of the transforming region, an oxidation gas feed unit, and a regulating region.    USE - For converting hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen-rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is compact and efficient.
(JP2000195528-A)   NOVELTY - Polyelectrolyte membrane (12) production involves immersing a basic polymer in a strong acid having sufficient concentration to impregnate the basic polymer with at least six strong acid molecules per polymer repeating unit of the basic polymer (at least 30 degrees C, at most 5 hours).    USE - Used in a fuel cell (10) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Production of polyelectrolyte membrane is made more efficient as the immersion time of the basic polymer in the strong acid is reduced. The proton conduction of the polyelectrolyte membrane is improved and the output of the fuel cell is enhanced. The basic polymer used as electrolyte membrane enhances the output of the fuel cells. Increasing the concentration of the strong acid enables impregnation of larger number of strong acid molecules.
(WO200066816-A1)   NOVELTY - A continuous melt replenishment system comprises a feeder for providing a granular source material (11) in a pile forming an angle of repose (13) with a planar surface (15). A crucible holds a melt of the granular source material. A pair of strings stabilizes a crystalline ribbon and a moving belt delivers the source material to the crucible at a rate based on the angle of repose.    USE - For continuous melt replenishment for crystal growth.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows for continuous growth and utilizes all sizes and morphologies of silicon. It allows for a simplified, low cost crucible design for silicon ribbon growth and produces a more homogeneous mixing of boron.
(JP2000243408-A)   NOVELTY - Separator (20) comprises a conducting metal plate (22), a conducting coating membrane (24) on the plate so that the separator contacts the electrode, and a stationary coating membrane (26) on the conducting plate so that the conducting membrane is not on the metal plate.    USE - Used for an electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical resistance between the separator and the electrode is kept low, and the problem of rust from the metal plate is avoided.
(US6210821-B1)   NOVELTY - System comprises source of hydrocarbon (HC) fuel with organic sulfur (S) compound; desulfurization unit to convert organic sulfur, first unit to reform S free HC to hydrogen (H2) enriched fuel; a second unit to convert CO and water to CO2 and H2; and third unit to convert CO and O2 to CO2. An auxiliary fuel supply temporarily operates the plant until specific temperatures are reached.    USE - For fuel cell power plant supply.    ADVANTAGE - The instant starting of the vehicles such as automobiles, bus, truck is achieved using the fuel cell. The fuel cell is of light weight, compact and capable of processing gasoline or fuels which contains sulfur. The usage of fuel cell prevents environmental pollution as reduction of pollutants and more efficient use of natural resources is achieved. The vehicle can be started by auxiliary source of fuel suitable for fuel cell without significant fuel processing.
(JP2000268892-A)   NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device comprises an electrically conductive substrate having a layer containing semiconductor particles upon it , a charge transport layer and a counter electrode. The semiconductor particle layer comprises two or more adsorbed dyes.    USE - The device is used in photovoltaic power generation applications such as solar electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The devices have markedly improved conversion efficiency when compared to prior art devices.
(WO200045426-A1)   NOVELTY - A thin-film semiconductor device is fabricated by forming a porous layer and a semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate and forming devices and contacts in the semiconductor layer. A support is then attached to the surface of the device overlying the metal connections and the substrate is removed by wet etching the porous layer. The support acts as a mask during the wet etching step. The porous layer is formed on the substrate preferably by electroless etching.    USE - In manufacture of thin-film power or opto-electronic devices such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple, low cost and reliable and allows the substrate to be re-used.
(JP2000173626-A)   NOVELTY - Electrode comprises carbon particles, a catalyst material and a solid polymer electrolyte. The catalyst material contains two or more types of metal elements and is applied to the surface of the carbon particles in contact with the proton-conducting passageways.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Utilization of the catalyst is increased and alloying of the catalyst is simplified.
(US2001002584-A1)   NOVELTY - An inductive coupling structure having cusp regions is provided in the plasma chamber. A substantial portion of plasma is confined to a region which is away from the wall of vacuum chamber. The plasma supplied to the chamber is a hydrogen bearing plasma of H1+ particles.    USE - For implanting particles for manufacture of integrated circuits and also for other substrates such as multilayered integrated circuit device, 3D packaging of integrated semiconductor devices, photonic devices, piezoelectronic devices, actuators, sensors, solar cells, flat panel display, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Improved technique is achieved for introducing impurities into substrate, since plasma source is ignited at a highly efficient proton state.
(JP2000251958-A)   NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device comprises semiconductor particles sensitized by a polymethine dye.    USE - The photoelectric conversion devices are used in photoelectrochemical cells such as silicon based solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion devices show excellent photoelectric characteristics such as high efficiency and are less expensive than prior art ruthenium based cells.
(DE19857064-C2)   NOVELTY - Passivation of the surface of a semiconductor material, optionally covered with natural semiconductor oxide, involves treating the surface with a passivating solution containing polyfluorinated hydrocarbon with acid side group(s) and drying.    USE - The process is used for passivating a semiconductor element, especially a silicon semiconductor element, which is used in a semiconductor device, especially a solar cell. (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface recombination velocity is small, stable and largely independent of the density of generated or injected excess charge carriers (electrons or holes). The process does not damage the semiconductor from and is simple, even on semiconductors with a natural oxide film.
(US6124054-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell is system supplying electric power comprises: (1) an electrolyte (8); (2) a cathode catalyst (20) between a cathode substrate (18) and the electrolyte on one side of the electrolyte; (3) an anode catalyst (12) between an anode substrate (10) and the electrolyte on the opposite side of the electrolyte; (4) a cathode flow field (2) having an inlet for flowing oxidant in contact with the cathode, the cathode field being vented to permit release of exhaust; (5) an oxidant pump (30) for pumping oxidant to the cathode flow field inlet; (6) an anode flow field (2') for allowing a stream of hydrogen to contact the anode, the anode field having an exhaust; (7) a hydrogen source (22) for the anode flow field; and (8) an anode flow field exhaust line connecting the exhaust of the anode flow field to a hydrogen/oxidant catalytic surface, where hydrogen in the exhaust of the anode flow field will be combusted.    USE - For dissipating residual fuel emanating from the anode flow field of a fuel call so that the flow is sufficient to purge inert residue which accumulates on the anode side of the cell.
(EP1061598-A1)   NOVELTY - The separator (26) includes a flat plate (26a) as part of a reactive chamber of a fuel cell (20A), and a number of projections (26b) on the flat plate (26a) brought in contact with electrodes (25a) of the fuel cell (20A, 25b). The projections (26b) are formed of a conducting material different from the flat plate (26a).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The separator (26) is less expensive than the conventional separator made entirely of carbon. Since a fuel cell (20A) includes many of such separators (26), the fuel cell (20A) can be manufactured at much lower cost than those of the same type according to prior art.    (CN1292156-A)   NOVELTY - The separator (26) includes a flat plate (26a) as part of a reactive chamber of a fuel cell (20A), and a number of projections (26b) on the flat plate (26a) brought in contact with electrodes (25a) of the fuel cell (20A, 25b). The projections (26b) are formed of a conducting material different from the flat plate (26a).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The separator (26) is less expensive than the conventional separator made entirely of carbon. Since a fuel cell (20A) includes many of such separators (26), the fuel cell (20A) can be manufactured at much lower cost than those of the same type according to prior art.
(US6194095-B1)   NOVELTY - A large non-bipolar fuel cell stack (100) is made from a sheets of porous plastic substrate. The sheets are electronically connected in parallel with air and/or oxidizing gas flowing between the arrays. The air flow manifold (39) has air channels (41) to provide heat and water exchange to the air electrode side of the fuel cell assemblies.    USE - To generate electrical power for use in household or buildings, as portable electrical generators, large power tools, utility power generators, telecommunications electrical powers, and vehicle power.    ADVANTAGE - The novel fuel cells provide a large power output compared to conventional heat engines. It is quiet in operation and less polluting. The electrically conductive separator plate is eliminated, thus manufacturing cost is reduced. Maintenance of the system may be carried out with minimal down time since individual fuel cell modules may be diagnosed and replaced within the stack while the system is running.
(JP2000208154-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel battery separator (101) comprises: an electroconductive collector with channels for flowing gas; and a manifold portion (103) including gas introduction holes connected to the channels of the collector portion (102).    USE - For various fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Production costs are low. Electroconductive property is high. Gas tightness is high. High dimensional stability is achieved, with dimensional variation of products small, and mechanical strength is high.
(JP2000277773-A)   NOVELTY - An amorphous silicon solar cell comprises (11), a transparent electrode (12) formed on the substrate, a power-generating film (16) formed on the transparent electrode (12), and a back-side electrode (17) formed on the power-generating film (16).    USE - Amorphous silicon solar cell for solar cell power generation system.
(JP2000203802-A)   NOVELTY - The reformer uses oxygen to perform a partial oxidation reforming reaction, which primarily occurs in the central area of an internal chamber. A steam reforming reaction primarily occurs in an outer peripheral area in the vicinity of the inner surface of the outer wall of the internal chamber.    USE - For reforming a hydrocarbon raw material, e.g. methane, methanol etc., to produce hydrogen for fuel cell fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The reformation efficiency is improved, and the outer wall is maintained at a relatively low temperature.
(JP2000183378-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell production, comprising etching of tiny concave and convex surface patterns on a silicon substrate by immersion in an aqueous sodium carbonate solution, is new.    USE - In silicon solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces an absorption improving surface structure of high uniformity without the high process and disposal costs involved with use of an etching solution containing isopropyl alcohol.    (US6197611-B1)   NOVELTY - Solar cell production, comprising etching of tiny concave and convex surface patterns on a silicon substrate by immersion in an aqueous sodium carbonate solution, is new.    USE - In silicon solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces an absorption improving surface structure of high uniformity without the high process and disposal costs involved with use of an etching solution containing isopropyl alcohol.
(WO200039499-A1)   NOVELTY - A pressurized gas storage arrangement comprises a closed container (11) with an inlet/outlet (14), and containing a carbon nano-structure conglomerate adsorbent of higher apparent density than the original carbon material. The container also has a gas contents gauge (20).    USE - Gas storage, particularly hydrogen at up to 150 bar, e.g. fuel supply for hydrogen propelled vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Use of carbon nano-structures as adsorbent particles in cylinders provides significantly greater storage capacity than the previously used finely divided metal , and the weight of the cylinder is also reduced. The system allows the use of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detector device as a cost effective fuel / contents gauge.
(US6120926-A)   NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon fuel gas reformer or partial oxidation reaction device comprises fuel gas passages with an alumina coating which protects the interior of the passages against corrosion. At least portions of the alumina coating are overlain by an alkaline earth metal oxide coating substituted with an alkali metal oxide which inhibits carbon deposition in the passages.    USE - To catalytically convert fuel gas, e.g. natural gas or heavier hydrocarbons into primary constituents of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon build-up and deposition on the surfaces of internal components of the reformer assemblies are prevented.
(JP3123992-B2)   NOVELTY - The heating gas is guided along the plate arranged at downstream side of anode. A support block is arranged corresponding to the flow path (311) at specific water contact angle. Equivalent to the water contact angle of inner plate. The flow path and exhaust are connected at the downstream side of block.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures stable ejection of waste water and gas, due to reliable connection between the flow path and exhaust.
(US6261710-B1)   NOVELTY - A separator plate comprises a pair of co-extensive sheet metals (30,31) of identical shape. The sheet metals have several corrugations (60) or dimples formed them. The sheet metals are nestled together to form a coolant flow space (32). The sheet metals are maintained at a distance from each other by several bumps (33) provided on any one of the sheet metal.    USE - For polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The separator plate of fuel cell is compact and water cooled, and the number of fuel cell units are increased by the arrangements of the separator plate.
(DE19982721-T)   NOVELTY - A solid polymer fuel cell stack includes a rectangular separator, the surface of which includes coolant channels in a region that is parallel to the long side of the separator and near channels for fuel gas or oxidizing gas so that the coolant may flow in a direction perpendicular to the separator plane.    USE - None given.
(JP2000154254-A)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive composition comprises a linear copolymer obtained by polymerizing a compound (A) with 2 functional groups (a) and a compound (B) having 2 functional groups (b), and an electrolyte. It has lightweight, flexibility, transparency and film-forming properties.    USE - The conductive compositions are useful for cells (claimed) e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such compositions contain block copolymers with functional groups particularly for producing network structures.    (DE19982656-T)   NOVELTY - An ionically conductive composition comprises a linear copolymer obtained by polymerizing a compound (A) with 2 functional groups (a) and a compound (B) having 2 functional groups (b), and an electrolyte. It has lightweight, flexibility, transparency and film-forming properties.    USE - The conductive compositions are useful for cells (claimed) e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such compositions contain block copolymers with functional groups particularly for producing network structures.
(US6238640-B1)      NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide is contacted with steam and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The catalyst contains copper, alumina and at least zinc oxide, chrome oxide or magnesium oxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the catalyst used for converting CO into CO2 and hydrogen.    USE -   For converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   The copper catalyst has high catalytic activity and CO gas is converted into CO2 and H at a high conversion ratio.
(JP2000185903-A)   NOVELTY - The controller comprises a raw fuel quantity determinator for determining the quantity of fuel supplied to a heater (3), and a target temperature setter for setting the target temperature of the raw fuel on the basis of the quantity of raw fuel determined by the determinator.    USE - Controller for fuel reformer which generates a mixed vapor by heating raw fuel, e.g. methanol, and reforms the mixed vapor to a desired fuel, e.g. a gas containing rich hydrogen, for use in a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Melting of the burner and damage suffered as a result are prevented. Transient responsibility of a control for heating raw fuel is improved.
(DE19851498-A1)   NOVELTY - A composition containing (A) 30-99.5 wt% sulfonated aromatic polyether-ketone with an ion exchange capacity of 1.3-4.0 meq (-SO3H)/g polymer and (B) 0.5-70 wt% polybenzimidazole.    USE - Membranes based on this composition are used in fuel cells, especially direct methanol fuel cells, in high-performance condensers or for electrodialysis or ultrafiltration (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A composition based on low-cost materials, enabling the production of high-performance membranes with excellent electrical properties (especially conductivity), excellent mechanical properties, high stability towards boiling water (more than 50 hours, compared with 2-3 hours for membranes based on sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone) and a low content of residual solvent.
(JP2000173631-A)   NOVELTY - A liquid cooled bipolar separator plate for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises anode and cathode corrosion-resistant sheets having facing heat-exchange surfaces which define channels for liquid coolant flow and which are conductively connected at bond sites via a low-resistivity conductive adhesive formed of corrosion-resistant conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The bonding method for the two separator plates is simpler and less costly than clamping or brazing and can be used with all types of bipolar plate materials.
(FR2786319-A1)   NOVELTY - A proton exchange fuel cell stack separator is produced by die casting of a light metal alloy.    USE - For production of a separator for a proton exchange fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is compact, lightweight and inexpensive to produce.    (JP2000164225-A)   NOVELTY - A proton exchange fuel cell stack separator is produced by die casting of a light metal alloy.    USE - For production of a separator for a proton exchange fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is compact, lightweight and inexpensive to produce.
(EP1115769-A1)   NOVELTY - An ion-conducting material comprises at least one polyaryletherketone (PEK) homopolymer or copolymer or blends, which are sulfonated and the ion-conducting material is devoid of ether-phenyl-ether linkages.    USE - As solid polymer electrolyte membrane (claimed) in electrochemical applications including hydrogen or methanol fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides an improved solid polymer electrolyte membrane that is resistant to methanol cross over and lowers the overall cost of producing the membrane to allow for commercialization of the membrane.
NOVELTY - The device has a plasma carrier (102) detachedly arranged between electrodes (103,104) in the reaction chamber (101). The carrier and substrate (115) cooperates with each other to delimit glow discharge space (120). The carrier has gas intake holes (108b) and gas exhaust holes (108a) which enables communication between glow discharge space and reaction chamber.    USE - For fabricating semiconductor or insulating layer for use during manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuit, thin film transistor liquid crystal display, solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The flow of impurities into glow discharge space from reaction chamber is prevented. Time, utility and human effort needed for cleaning process is reduced as substrate supporting and conveying mechanism are alone need to be cleaned.
(DE19950143-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel-battery system has a CO-densitometer (7) in the modifier (1). A three-way selector valve (9) is provided for changing the supply of heating gas to the fuel-battery stack. A burner (3) is also provided to burn the heated gas ejected from the fuel-battery stack.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel batteries used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the provision of CO-densitometer in modifier prevents the carbon-monoxide poisoning of electrode catalyst, easy control of fuel-battery system during starting process ensured.
(JP2000273678-A)      NOVELTY - Hydrophobic carbon black (10) is reinforced with low molecular weight poly fluoroethylene, by adding shearing stress to carbon black surface.    USE -   For fuel cell, gas diffusion electrode in electrolysis tank.    ADVANTAGE -   Life and stability of the gas diffusion electrode are improved by the reinforced water repellent carbon black coated over its surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of hydrophobic carbon black. (10) Hydrophobic carbon black.
(US2001007381-A1)   NOVELTY - A sintered oxide ceramic of specified formula is produced by sintering educts with a doping element.    USE - Used as electrolyte, electrode, sensor and insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - The ceramic has good ionic and electronic conductivity.
(WO200032852-A1)   NOVELTY - Directionally solidified polycrystalline silicon, having a low grain size, is new.    USE - For production of solar cells, preferably with an efficiency of greater than 13%, especially 14% (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The directionally solidified polycrystalline silicon can be produced at higher crystallization rates (preferably greater than 1.5 cm/hr.) and with a smaller grain size than in prior art, thus reducing production time and providing solar cells with an improved efficiency e.g. of greater than 16%.
(DE19982376-T)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has (a) a solid polymer fuel cell main body, (b) a fuel reformer, (c) a temperature/humidity exchanger, (d) a separator which separates the moisture from the pre-reacted gas from the exchanger, (e) a mixer which mixes a part of the water from the separator and the fuel, (f) fuel supplier and (g) a mixed liquid supplier which supplies a part of the mixed liquid to the reformer.    USE - Used as a solid polymer fuel cell system which uses a solid polymer having ion conductivity as an electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Freezing in systems which use fuels which do not dissolve in water such as gasoline, is suppressed.
(US6159628-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack has a membrane electrode assembly with opposed catalyst layers and a proton exchange membrane interposed between an anode and cathode support plates; a reactant flow-field or water transport plate adjacent to one of the support plates; and a sealant coating between the two sealing surfaces. All plates have a peripheral face defining a sealing surface.    USE - For generating electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The single adhesive/sealant used to coat the exterior edges and to impregnate the exterior edges of these components, provides a convenient way of achieving desired functions of both sealing and of adhesion.    (US6165634-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack has a membrane electrode assembly with opposed catalyst layers and a proton exchange membrane interposed between an anode and cathode support plates; a reactant flow-field or water transport plate adjacent to one of the support plates; and a sealant coating between the two sealing surfaces. All plates have a peripheral face defining a sealing surface.    USE - For generating electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The single adhesive/sealant used to coat the exterior edges and to impregnate the exterior edges of these components, provides a convenient way of achieving desired functions of both sealing and of adhesion.
(EP1129128-A1)   NOVELTY - Substrate suitable for the preparation of a composite membrane comprises a porous matrix of fibers. The fibers comprise mixed amorphous silica fibers that are bound with a binder.    USE - Composite membrane for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The substrates of the present invention, when used as membrane by the incorporation of an ion-conducting polymer, produce a surprising effect on the dimensional stability of the membrane when subject to full hydration conditions. When tested by the method as described, the dimensional changes in membranes based on the substrates of the invention result in at most +/-9 change in their areas.(claimed)
(JP2000156234-A)   NOVELTY - A separator structure for a fuel cell comprises a number of single cells, each being constructed by disposing electrodes on both the sides of an ion exchange membrane and putting them together between separators; a gasket or a rubber ring is stuck by adhesion at a predetermined position on each separator in one body.    USE - Separator structure used for mounting a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Time for mounting rubber O-rings or gasket sheets can be completely eliminated and it is also possible to reduce inconveniences at mounting them represented by positional displacement. Handling is improved.
(JP2000150170-A)   NOVELTY - A fluorocarbon based conductive polymer is prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas.    USE - Fluorocarbon based conductive polymer prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas, for organic light-emitting device, electrodes for battery, fuel cells, electrochromic, chemical and biochemical sensors, ion exchange and release devices, and neutron detection.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are highly conductive and have excellent conformality, sufficient durability, and good adhesion to substrates. The process is simpler than the conventional methods to fabricate conductive polymers. Hole injection is enhanced, and the device operational stability is improved.    (US6208075-B1)   NOVELTY - A fluorocarbon based conductive polymer is prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas.    USE - Fluorocarbon based conductive polymer prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas, for organic light-emitting device, electrodes for battery, fuel cells, electrochromic, chemical and biochemical sensors, ion exchange and release devices, and neutron detection.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are highly conductive and have excellent conformality, sufficient durability, and good adhesion to substrates. The process is simpler than the conventional methods to fabricate conductive polymers. Hole injection is enhanced, and the device operational stability is improved.
(WO200026923-A1)   NOVELTY - An electrically conductive and optically transparent material consists of a high bandwidth oxidic semiconductor in the form of a three-dimensional porous lattice.    USE - Claimed uses of the material are in (i) dispersing it in dry form in a polymer and injection molding the product or applying it as a layer on a substrate; (ii) dispersing it together with a binder in a liquid, applying the suspension to a substrate and drying to form an electrically-conductive layer; and (iii) dispersing it in a polymer or an adhesive and using the product as an adhesive. Typical uses are in optically transparent electrodes for solar cells; with glass or polycarbonates as 'smart windows'; as flat image screens, light detectors or sensors; as electrochromic devices; or as electrically-conductive components which can be used without an additional electrically-conductive coating as electromagnetic screens.    ADVANTAGE - The material combines electrical conductivity and high porosity (and hence low density) with high optical transparency. Unlike the filler material of DE4228608 it is not itself strongly colored and can thus be colored without any variation or clouding of the desired color.
(EP1022796-A2)   NOVELTY - Process for operating a fuel cell system comprises removing moisture from a waste air stream (30) of a fuel cell (12) by adsorption (31), desorbing the adsorbed water and recycling into the feed stream (20), fuel stream, liquid stream of the anode side and/or cooling water cycle of the fuel cell.    USE - Used for stacked fuel cells operated by hydrogen or reformate.
(US6083636-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell power system comprises an assembly of fuel cell stacks (220) that operates at different temperatures which vary between two or more of the fuel cell stacks to minimize the supply of air. Each fuel cell stacks has a lip structure for receiving reactants to electrochemically produce electricity.    USE - For producing electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a highly efficient system that is relatively low in cost and that significantly increases the overall system power efficiency.    (EP1127382-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell power system comprises an assembly of fuel cell stacks (220) that operates at different temperatures which vary between two or more of the fuel cell stacks to minimize the supply of air. Each fuel cell stacks has a lip structure for receiving reactants to electrochemically produce electricity.    USE - For producing electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a highly efficient system that is relatively low in cost and that significantly increases the overall system power efficiency.
(US6214631-B1)   NOVELTY - A device is made by positioning a shadow mask (100) over a substrate, performing a first process on the substrate through the mask, moving the mask to a second position over the substrate, and performing a second process on the substrate through the mask. The second position is measured relative to the first position.    USE - The method is used to fabricate a stack organic light emitting device or a stacked solar cell that can be incorporated into a display. The display can be incorporated into other product from a vehicle, a television, a computer, a printer (preferably), a screen, a sign, a telecommunications product or a telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The method achieves uniform deposition over a wide area to fabricate a large array of devices simultaneously. Measuring the second position relative to the first relation avoids the effort and cost of performing a second alignment relative to features on the substrate. There is also a better accuracy when measuring the second position relative to the first position.
(JP2000150409-A)   NOVELTY - Thin film production involves removing a buried sacrificial layer (11) to leave a starting body layer (15) on an applied substrate (14).    USE - For production of an electronic component or a thin film solar cell (claimed), especially a 100 nm to 10 microns thick single crystal silicon layer on a high temperature resistant support substrate for a thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows low cost production of high quality thin films on any support substrates, including metal, ceramic, glass and flexible substrates and wafers.
(EP1116292-A2)   NOVELTY - A composite solid polymer electrolyte membrane (SPEM) comprises a porous polymer substrate interpenetrated with an ion-conducting material. The SPEM is at least thermally stable at 100 degreesC.    USE - For fuel cell, e.g., direct methanol fuel cell or hydrogen fuel cell, system for membrane-based water electrolysis or chloralkali electrolysis, dialysis, electrodialysis, or electrolysis system, pervaporation or gas separation system, water splitting system for recovering acids and bases from waste water solutions, electrode separator in a battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The SPEM have high ionic conductivity, high resistance to dehydration, high mechanical strength, chemical stability during oxidation and hydrolysis, low gas permeability to limit parasitic losses, and stability at elevated temperatures and pressures. It has an electronic conductivity that approaches zero, dimensional stability, and a membrane that is non-brittle in both dry and wet forms. The electrolyte membrane is resistant to methanol cross-over when used in a direct methanol fuel cell. The overall cost of producing SPEMs is lowered which makes commercialization of SPEFCs possible.
(DE19853379-C1)   NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide-removing device (2) is an oxidation device for carbon monoxide.    USE - Used for producing hydrogen-containing gas from hydrocarbon containing medium.
(JP2000144214-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen absorbing alloy powder comprises particles of flaky shape having a thickness of at most 10 microns and an aspect ratio of longitudinal diameter relative to thickness of at least 10. The structure comprises columns extending from one surface towards another surface of flat surfaces.    USE - For nickel-hydrogen batteries, heat pumps and hydrogen storage medium for fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Flow length of the melt flow is reduced, allowing efficient dividing of the melt by atomizing.
(NL1010267-C2)   NOVELTY - A porous metal structure has a thin surface layer which only contains pores having sizes of 0.01-2 mum and no wider pores.    USE - The metal structure is used in solid oxide fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The porous metal structure is suitable for applying ceramic membranes or (non)porous metals.    (EP1128900-A2)   NOVELTY - A porous metal structure has a thin surface layer which only contains pores having sizes of 0.01-2 mum and no wider pores.    USE - The metal structure is used in solid oxide fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The porous metal structure is suitable for applying ceramic membranes or (non)porous metals.
(EP1124754-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage composition comprises an aluminum hydride-based complex. The complex incorporates at least one member which is an element, metal, metal hydride or another aluminum hydride complex.    USE - For supplying hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits reversible properties that is hydrogenation/dehydrogenation at moderately elevated temperatures of 80 - 180 degreesC, especially 100 - 150 degreesC and has an hydrogen capacity exceeding 2 wt. %. Excellent hydrogen sorption properties are observed when the mixtures are in the monocrystalline form and when the components are extremely finely intermixed.    (US2001018939-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage composition comprises an aluminum hydride-based complex. The complex incorporates at least one member which is an element, metal, metal hydride or another aluminum hydride complex.    USE - For supplying hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits reversible properties that is hydrogenation/dehydrogenation at moderately elevated temperatures of 80 - 180 degreesC, especially 100 - 150 degreesC and has an hydrogen capacity exceeding 2 wt. %. Excellent hydrogen sorption properties are observed when the mixtures are in the monocrystalline form and when the components are extremely finely intermixed.
(EP1129502-A2)   NOVELTY - Reaction water is withdrawn from polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells using a hydrophobic layer on the cathode side which has a lower pore size than the anode side layer. The reaction water is then withdrawn by the anode.    USE - For removing reaction water from PEM cells.    ADVANTAGE - No moisture from the reaction gases is required and only slightly higher gas pressures are necessary.
(JP3103888-B2)   NOVELTY - The thin film operated in high temperature area and solidifying the electrolyte comprises coagulants conductive providing agent. A chemical bond of inorganic and organic materials is carried out to fixed length on nano level inside conductive providing agent.    USE - For electrochemical device of high temperature area, efficient transduction device containing fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides polymer fuel battery of high usage facility by inhibiting poisoning of CO to the fuel.
(JP2000154002-A)   NOVELTY - Device comprises: carbon monoxide oxidation portion (5) that oxidizes and reduces carbon monoxide gas contained in reformate gas; obtained through reforming; oxygen supplying device (14) that supplies oxygen to reformate gas to oxidize carbon monoxide, and carbon monoxide reducing device comprising: an oxygen supply amount controller (37) that controls amount of oxygen supplied to reformate gas based on amount of fuel contributing to the reforming reaction.    USE - Reducing a concentration of carbon monoxide contained in reformate gas that has been obtained through reformation of a hydrocarbon such as methyl alcohol and a fuel such as water vapor.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of oxygen supplied to oxidize carbon monoxide is changed according to the amount of fuel contributing to a reforming reaction, providing a predetermined efficiency.    (JP2000188122-A)   NOVELTY - Device comprises: carbon monoxide oxidation portion (5) that oxidizes and reduces carbon monoxide gas contained in reformate gas; obtained through reforming; oxygen supplying device (14) that supplies oxygen to reformate gas to oxidize carbon monoxide, and carbon monoxide reducing device comprising: an oxygen supply amount controller (37) that controls amount of oxygen supplied to reformate gas based on amount of fuel contributing to the reforming reaction.    USE - Reducing a concentration of carbon monoxide contained in reformate gas that has been obtained through reformation of a hydrocarbon such as methyl alcohol and a fuel such as water vapor.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of oxygen supplied to oxidize carbon monoxide is changed according to the amount of fuel contributing to a reforming reaction, providing a predetermined efficiency.
(WO200023177-A1)   NOVELTY - An electrically-conducting fuel cell membrane of high proton conductivity and containing sulfonated strictly alternating polyether ketones (A) with aryl-containing repeating units is new.    USE - The membrane is useful for insertion in fuel cells, especially in direct methane fuel cells (claimed), in high power condensers (claimed), and at a thickness of at least 30 micron for electrodialaysis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane avoids the enormous cost of the previously used membrane material Nafion(RTM), has high proton conductivity, and high chemical resistance and mechanical stability.    (EP1124625-A1)   NOVELTY - An electrically-conducting fuel cell membrane of high proton conductivity and containing sulfonated strictly alternating polyether ketones (A) with aryl-containing repeating units is new.    USE - The membrane is useful for insertion in fuel cells, especially in direct methane fuel cells (claimed), in high power condensers (claimed), and at a thickness of at least 30 micron for electrodialaysis (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membrane avoids the enormous cost of the previously used membrane material Nafion(RTM), has high proton conductivity, and high chemical resistance and mechanical stability.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell arrangement comprises a sulfur filter (4) which is provided before sulfur-sensitive reformer parts (7) in the flow direction of a process gas, e.g. natural gas. Sulfur-resistant parts (2) are arranged before the sulfur filter. A three-way valve (3) is directly arranged before the sulfur filter, the third connection of the valve being connected to a line (5) that introduces oxygen-containing regeneration gas. A further three-way valve (6) is directly arranged after the sulfur filter and is connected to a waste gas line (8).    USE - As a fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement has a simple construction and the sulfur filter can be quickly regenerated.
(US6221117-B1)   NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen containing carbon mono- and dioxide at concentrations below minimum level, includes receiving a reforming feedstock, delivering it to a reforming catalyst bed, passing the reforming product stream to a hydrogen purification module, and passing it through a polishing catalyst bed.    USE - For production of purified hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces purified hydrogen with no additional elements contributing to a loss in fuel cell efficiency.
(EP1129501-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar plate (5) for fuel cells, comprises a substrate with a coating of an electrocatalytically-active material.    USE - For fuel cells, particularly for conducting current from the anode of one cell unit to the cathode of the adjacent cell unit and/or distributing fluid, which comprises a substrate with a coating of an electrocatalytically-active material.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical conductivity of bipolar plates is increased.
(US2001014309-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage composition has a hydrogenated state to liberate hydrogen and a dehyrogenated state to absorb gaseous hydrogen where the former state includes a hydrided composition of lithium and an element selected from a metal which forms a hydride, an element E which forms a solid solution with lithium or at least a metal and E.    USE - For use as a reduction agent in many reactions such as in the production of borates or silanes.    ADVANTAGE - The Li-based hydride has other elements so that it becomes usable for reversible hydrogen storage. Li-Be-hydrides are easily fabricated and exhibit outstanding reversible hydrogenation performance.    (EP1129027-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage composition has a hydrogenated state to liberate hydrogen and a dehyrogenated state to absorb gaseous hydrogen where the former state includes a hydrided composition of lithium and an element selected from a metal which forms a hydride, an element E which forms a solid solution with lithium or at least a metal and E.    USE - For use as a reduction agent in many reactions such as in the production of borates or silanes.    ADVANTAGE - The Li-based hydride has other elements so that it becomes usable for reversible hydrogen storage. Li-Be-hydrides are easily fabricated and exhibit outstanding reversible hydrogenation performance.
(JP2000100457-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack comprises several unit cells. Each unit cell comprises a polymer electrolyte film, a pair of electrodes, and a pair of separators. The separator has a laminate structure. The laminate structure comprises a gas-tight conductive plate A and another conductive plate B. At least one slit continuously meanders from one end to another end of the conductive plate B.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable power sources, electric vehicle power sources, and domestic cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of the separator reduces the thickness of the separator, thus, the manufacturing cost is reduced. The sealing of the fuel cell stack is improved by sealing its side faces. The assembly of the fuel stack is simplified.    (EP1116295-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack comprises several unit cells. Each unit cell comprises a polymer electrolyte film, a pair of electrodes, and a pair of separators. The separator has a laminate structure. The laminate structure comprises a gas-tight conductive plate A and another conductive plate B. At least one slit continuously meanders from one end to another end of the conductive plate B.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable power sources, electric vehicle power sources, and domestic cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of the separator reduces the thickness of the separator, thus, the manufacturing cost is reduced. The sealing of the fuel cell stack is improved by sealing its side faces. The assembly of the fuel stack is simplified.
(DE19983591-T)   NOVELTY - A copper source precursor for use in the chemical vapor deposition of films comprising copper, contains a mixture of a ligand-stabilized copper (I)beta-diketonate precursor and a copper (II)beta-diketonate precursor.    USE - For use in chemical vapor deposition of copper-based films. The precursors may also be used for coating substrates such as stainless steel, glass, plastic and polymers for applications such as anti-reflective coatings, cosmetic coatings and for coating substrates such as copper alloys for flat panel display and solar cell device applications.    ADVANTAGE - The copper source precursor incorporates both copper atoms from the disproportionation reaction in the growing copper film. The use of the precursor mixture provides copper growth process which is independent of the type of substrate used. The copper source chemistry provides planarized and void-free copper fill of aggressive sub-quarter-micron structures with as-deposited resistivity near the bulk resistivity. It has high volatility, significant vapor pressure, high vaporization and sublimation rate to ensure an industrially acceptable wafer throughput. It is economical to use with respect to synthesis, mass production, disposal and cost of start-up materials. It can be utilized as synthesized without the time and yield loss associated with distillation and doping, thus reducing overall process cost. The copper source is chemically and environmentally stable and allows for extended shelf life and ease in transport and handling.
(JP2000138386-A)   NOVELTY - Phosphorus-containing junction layer having the n++ part on the front surface of P type silicon substrate is formed by printing an organic silica compound paste containing phosphorus on the substrate in a pattern corresponding to a pattern of the front surface electrode, and subjecting the substrate to vapor phase phosphorus diffusion heat treatment.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The process for manufacturing the solar cell is simplified and the amount of material used in the process is reduced. Hence solar cell having high efficiency is formed at a high productivity and a low cost.
(DE19983564-T)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (93) generates energy by using the reaction product from a modified engine (92) which acts as an internal combustion engine for a modifier and power generation and has a piston and a number of reaction chambers. The internal temperature of the reaction chambers is raised to above the self igniting temperature of material in the atmosphere in the material reaction chambers.    USE - Fuel cell for vehicles.
(US6207312-B1)   NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.    (EP1116297-A1)   NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.
(EP1116296-A1)   NOVELTY - A cooling subsystem includes a coolant comprising a mixture of water and a glycol solvent, and a circulation loop comprising an ion-exchange unit.    USE - For providing antifreeze and corrosion protection for a fuel cell system i.e., solid polymer fuel cell system. The fuel cell system can be used in automotive applications and back-up or remote power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Liquid-cooled fuel cell system equipped with a glycol-based cooling subsystem of this invention can be operated for a substantial period of time without suffering significant corrosion and without needing replacement or servicing of the ion exchange unit.
NOVELTY - Carbon dioxide-rich (CO2) and hydrogen-rich (H2) gas streams are produced by feeding natural gas and water to a reforming reactor, and converting to synthesis gas with an oxygen-containing gas; shifting the gas stream having reduced carbon monoxide and the amounts of CO2 and H2 are increased by reaction of water; and separating the gas stream into a CO2-rich and a H2-rich gas streams.    USE - For production of CO2- and H2-rich gas streams. CO2-rich gas stream produced by the process is used for injection into marine formations. H2-rich gas stream produced by the process is used for hydrogenation, as a source of energy/fuel cells and for the production of electricity.(claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The present invention provides an increased pressure that gives increased reaction for each volume unit in reformer and shift reactor, and further a reduced compression work of CO2 by a possible reinjection or deposition. In addition, increased pressure gives reduced compression work for feed to the gas turbine. In the reformer there is high primary formation of CO2 as a result of high pressure. Another advantage is a simplified design and operation of a possible gas turbine for combustion of the H2-rich gas stream as a result of a certain slip of CH4 in the reformer, CO in the shift reactor and CO2 in the separation step. The use of air or oxygen enriched air in the case of an autothermal reformer (ATR) and partial oxidation (POX) give savings in oxygen units and gives a simplified design and operation of ATR and gas turbine. A certain slip, i.e. not reacted gas component, makes low temperature shift and methanation unnecessary. In the present invention it might be necessary to supply steam to the shift reactor. A certain slip of CO2 in the present invention simplifies the separation process. If the separation is carried out with amine washing, a moderate pressure release might be sufficient.
(US6121540-A)   NOVELTY - A matrix material is filled in fibrous material of frame object. The fibrous and matrix materials are combined so that they satisfy the relation approximatelysB/approximatelyst at least C and C=0.0625x(S)1/2, where approximatelysB is bonding strength, approximatelyst is tensile strength and S is surface area of substrate and S=265 cm2 or more.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Due to sufficient strength, damage at time of solar battery formation, is suppressed.
(JP2000119001-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator connected to a fuel cell (15) installed in a vehicle (1) as a driving force.    USE - The hydrogen generator is connected to a fuel cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy which is used to drive a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The invention produces a sufficient amount of energy without the need for an external heat source. It is an efficient and clean process and can be used to power cars without damaging environmental effects.
(WO200021138-A1)   NOVELTY - Solar cell production comprises bypass diode production at the back face of a semiconductor substrate (1).    USE - For producing series-connected solar cells with bypass diodes.    ADVANTAGE - The integrated bypass diode causes no shadowing or reduction of the photoelectrically active surface, is simple to produce without affecting solar cell production and allows extremely simple electrical connection between adjacent solar cells.    (EP1121718-A1)   NOVELTY - Solar cell production comprises bypass diode production at the back face of a semiconductor substrate (1).    USE - For producing series-connected solar cells with bypass diodes.    ADVANTAGE - The integrated bypass diode causes no shadowing or reduction of the photoelectrically active surface, is simple to produce without affecting solar cell production and allows extremely simple electrical connection between adjacent solar cells.
(EP1112301-A1)   NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte membrane includes an aromatic polyether or polysulphide.    USE - Used as a polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells, electrolyzers or gas diffusion electrodes (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer has high resistance to oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis and has very low permeability to reactants in the fuel cell. It has a high proton conductivity and mechanical strength. The polymer reduces membrane swellability in water.
(JP2000173633-A)   NOVELTY - A cell unit (100) has ribs (311) formed inwardly to press support a cell (20) provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolytic film in a plate so that a flow path is formed between the rib and an electrode to circulate a humidification agent. A water retention layer with a water holding capacity within 0.002-0.035 g/cm2 is formed on the rib through humidification agent is circulated.    USE - In solid state polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to moisturize electrolyte film by providing a water keeping layer. Facilitates mass production of cell by producing rib with compression molding.
(EP1127084-A1)   NOVELTY - A monomer-grafted cross-linked polymer is prepared by activating the polymer through irradiation; quenching the activated polymer to affect cross-linking; activating the cross-linked polymer; and contacting the activated cross-linked polymer with an emulsion containing unsaturated monomer, emulsifier and water for a time sufficient to affect the desired extent of grafting.    USE - The invention is used in the preparation of a monomer-grafted cross-linked polymer which can be used as a non-ionic exchange membranes or ion-selective exchange membranes. The membranes can be used in electrodialysis, dialysis, Donnan dialysis and energy systems like batteries, redox cells and fuel cells. The ion exchanged membrane is used in an electrochemical cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention does not require the use of an organic solvent and which does not result in significant homopolymerization of the monomer but which provides a uniform graft of a monomer throughout a polymer within a reasonable reaction time at a low reaction temperature.
(US6103393-A)   NOVELTY - A powder of metal-carbon composite particles comprises spherical particles of weight average size 0.1-20 micron, preferably 5 micron maximum, containing at least 3 wt.% carbon. The particles are manufactured by heating an aerosol of liquid droplets containing precursors of the metal and carbon in a carrier gas, preferably at 500-1000 degreesC.    USE - The composite particles are useful in electrocatalytic devices such as batteries and fuel cells such as rechargeable zinc-air batteries; and in fabrication of conductive traces and touch pads for electronic devices by thick film screen-printing, ink jet printing, micro-pen application, slurry deposition etc.    ADVANTAGE - The composite particles are produced with a high degree of control over particle size, particle size distribution, weight loading of metal and carbon and particle uniformity. The particles can be produced in large amounts on a continuous basis.
(US6168705-B1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen stream is purified by introducing a contaminated hydrogen stream to an anode of an electrochemical cell; applying a voltage across a membrane assembly of the cell; oxidizing the hydrogen to form protons which are moved across the membrane to a cathode of the cell; and recombining the protons to form a recombined hydrogen stream.    USE - The invention is used for purifying a hydrogen stream.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an efficient hydrogen purification process that can be readily employed in various systems e.g. a fuel cell. The purifier is simplified, efficient, cost effective and pressurizes hydrogen for commercial use if desired.    (EP1113983-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen stream is purified by introducing a contaminated hydrogen stream to an anode of an electrochemical cell; applying a voltage across a membrane assembly of the cell; oxidizing the hydrogen to form protons which are moved across the membrane to a cathode of the cell; and recombining the protons to form a recombined hydrogen stream.    USE - The invention is used for purifying a hydrogen stream.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an efficient hydrogen purification process that can be readily employed in various systems e.g. a fuel cell. The purifier is simplified, efficient, cost effective and pressurizes hydrogen for commercial use if desired.
(DE19848032-A1)   NOVELTY - Platinum alloy catalyst contains 40-60 atom % Pt, 10-20 atom % Rh and 20-50 atom % Fe in the form of alloying particles of average diameter of less than 10 nm on an electrically conducting carbon support.    USE - Used as electrocatalyst for anodes and/or cathodes in fuel cells, preferably phosphoric acid fuel cells and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is more active and stable    (JP2000123843-A)   NOVELTY - Platinum alloy catalyst contains 40-60 atom % Pt, 10-20 atom % Rh and 20-50 atom % Fe in the form of alloying particles of average diameter of less than 10 nm on an electrically conducting carbon support.    USE - Used as electrocatalyst for anodes and/or cathodes in fuel cells, preferably phosphoric acid fuel cells and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is more active and stable    (US6165635-A)   NOVELTY - Platinum alloy catalyst contains 40-60 atom % Pt, 10-20 atom % Rh and 20-50 atom % Fe in the form of alloying particles of average diameter of less than 10 nm on an electrically conducting carbon support.    USE - Used as electrocatalyst for anodes and/or cathodes in fuel cells, preferably phosphoric acid fuel cells and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is more active and stable
(JP2000091625-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor-device-producing substrate comprises semiconductor granular crystals (2-1,2-2,2-3) or semiconductor-coated granular crystals arranged in at least one layer on a semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor-coated substrate having a flat or uneven surface (3). The granular crystals are connected and fixed to one another and to the substrate through the semiconductor film.    USE - Substrate used for producing a semiconductor device e.g. a photoelectric conversion device such as a solar cell, a light emitting diode.    ADVANTAGE - Inexpensive and good quality substrate having a large-area surface layer is obtained. High efficiency can be obtained on the basis of a light containment effect due to the large-area light- receiving surface and 3D structure.    (US6281427-B1)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor-device-producing substrate comprises semiconductor granular crystals (2-1,2-2,2-3) or semiconductor-coated granular crystals arranged in at least one layer on a semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor-coated substrate having a flat or uneven surface (3). The granular crystals are connected and fixed to one another and to the substrate through the semiconductor film.    USE - Substrate used for producing a semiconductor device e.g. a photoelectric conversion device such as a solar cell, a light emitting diode.    ADVANTAGE - Inexpensive and good quality substrate having a large-area surface layer is obtained. High efficiency can be obtained on the basis of a light containment effect due to the large-area light- receiving surface and 3D structure.
(DE19841430-A1)   NOVELTY - Crystalline semiconductor layer production, by recrystallization annealing before or after detaching a porous layer formed on a semiconductor substrate.    USE - In the production of electronic and optoelectronic components, especially solar cells or photodetectors, thin film transistors, sensors, micromechanical components or systems, ICs or radiation resistant components.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows production of a thin (submicron to a few tens of mum thick), crystalline, quasi-crystalline or quasi-monocrystalline semiconductor layer on any desired substrate in a reduced number of process steps and at low cost.
(EP1030396-A1)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer fuel cell system includes a battery body having a cell stack formed by laminating single cells having solid polymer electrolyte thin films. The battery body has a temperature-humidity exchange part which contacts reacted gas which the cell stack passed and non-reaction gas before passing the cell stack via a water-retaining porous material. The temperature of the non-reaction gas is lower that of the reacted gas.    USE - Used as solid polymer-type fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Drying of the solid polymer electrolyte film is prevented by effecting temperature/humidity exchange. Compaction by the simplification of the system is possible. Reduction of voltage due to CO poisoning is possible. The system is highly efficient.
(GB2357628-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprising two electrodes separated by an electrolyte for conversion of a fuel and an oxidant to a reaction product. The electrode(s) includes a catalyst comprising an oxide support containing gold in a catalytically effective form. The fuel is methanol or methane.    USE - For power generation, especially used to power a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The gold-based catalyst is cost effective compared to platinum. The gold-based catalyst also exhibit high conversion of the fuel as compared to platinum.    (DE19983527-T)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprising two electrodes separated by an electrolyte for conversion of a fuel and an oxidant to a reaction product. The electrode(s) includes a catalyst comprising an oxide support containing gold in a catalytically effective form. The fuel is methanol or methane.    USE - For power generation, especially used to power a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The gold-based catalyst is cost effective compared to platinum. The gold-based catalyst also exhibit high conversion of the fuel as compared to platinum.
(JP2000095502-A)   NOVELTY - In an isothermal reactor, more of the CO is reacted with O2, and less CO is formed in the reverse reaction than in a similarly-sized heat exchanger operating at the same temperature, but without the mixing chamber.    USE - Used for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich fuel stream for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides efficient, multi-stage reactor that periodically homogenizes the gas being treated en route through the reactor to uniformly distributes the CO and O2 in the gas between different reaction stages of the reactor.    (US6132689-A)   NOVELTY - In an isothermal reactor, more of the CO is reacted with O2, and less CO is formed in the reverse reaction than in a similarly-sized heat exchanger operating at the same temperature, but without the mixing chamber.    USE - Used for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich fuel stream for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides efficient, multi-stage reactor that periodically homogenizes the gas being treated en route through the reactor to uniformly distributes the CO and O2 in the gas between different reaction stages of the reactor.
(WO200017094-A1)   NOVELTY - Nanostructure production comprises ion sputter etching of a compound semiconductor material surface with noble gas ions, is new.    USE - For producing optical or electronic components, especially with quantum dot multilayers, or for nanotexturing of surfaces to increase the efficiency of LEDs or solar cells (claimed), especially for quantum dot or quantum wire structures as active media in semiconductor lasers or in tunnel devices.    ADVANTAGE - Compared with prior art lithographic processes (electron beam, photo- or AFM lithography), self-organized epitaxial growth processes or epitaxial growth on pre-structured or highly indicated surfaces, the new process provides self-organized ion sputtering for producing nanostructures of higher density and narrower size distribution and can be carried out in industrial ion etching units for homogeneous, large area nanostructuring, texturing or quantum dot production.    (EP1115648-A1)   NOVELTY - Nanostructure production comprises ion sputter etching of a compound semiconductor material surface with noble gas ions, is new.    USE - For producing optical or electronic components, especially with quantum dot multilayers, or for nanotexturing of surfaces to increase the efficiency of LEDs or solar cells (claimed), especially for quantum dot or quantum wire structures as active media in semiconductor lasers or in tunnel devices.    ADVANTAGE - Compared with prior art lithographic processes (electron beam, photo- or AFM lithography), self-organized epitaxial growth processes or epitaxial growth on pre-structured or highly indicated surfaces, the new process provides self-organized ion sputtering for producing nanostructures of higher density and narrower size distribution and can be carried out in industrial ion etching units for homogeneous, large area nanostructuring, texturing or quantum dot production.
(EP1008563-A1)   NOVELTY - Use of an alkali-free silicon, magnesium and heavy alkaline earth metal oxide mixture, for a high thermal expansion coefficient glass-ceramic joint material, is new.    USE - Used as a joint material in a high temperature fuel cell (claimed) or more generally as a glass-ceramic solder for joining metals, alloys and/or other materials having a thermal expansion coefficient (at 20-950 degrees C) of about 12x10-6 K-1.    ADVANTAGE - The material has a high temperature of use (up to at least 950 degrees C, especially up to 1100 degrees C), a uniform thermal expansion coefficient of at least 10x10-6 K-1 (especially 12x10-6 K-1) and good insulating properties.
(DE19983529-T)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic device (20) has a zinc stannate layer (26) interposing between the semiconductor layer (28) and the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) contact layer (24).    USE - The device is used as a thin film in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The CdS/CdTe heterojunction photovoltaic device has improved electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Localized TCO/CdTe junctions or shunts in CdS/CdTe heterojunction device are minimized or eliminated. Adhesion between layers is improved. Adverse effects of a chemical etching step used prior to application of metallized back contacts in CdS/CdTe heterojunction devices are minimized or eliminated.
(US6120936-A)   NOVELTY - Activated material powder is formed without further mechanical processing by introducing hydrogen gas into the reaction vessel (10) at 15-100 psi to simultaneously hydrogenate and cool the activated material to less than 60 degreesC to obtain a hydrogen concentration in the activated material. Hydrogenation forms a powder in which 90 % of the particles are less than 250 microns.    USE - The invention is used for forming a powder of an activated material that is used as the negative electrode material of rechargeable electrochemical, hydrogen storage cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invented method allows the formation of a powder of a hydrogen storage cell without the need for further mechanical processing following the hydriding/dehydriding step.    (EP1114477-A1)   NOVELTY - Activated material powder is formed without further mechanical processing by introducing hydrogen gas into the reaction vessel (10) at 15-100 psi to simultaneously hydrogenate and cool the activated material to less than 60 degreesC to obtain a hydrogen concentration in the activated material. Hydrogenation forms a powder in which 90 % of the particles are less than 250 microns.    USE - The invention is used for forming a powder of an activated material that is used as the negative electrode material of rechargeable electrochemical, hydrogen storage cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invented method allows the formation of a powder of a hydrogen storage cell without the need for further mechanical processing following the hydriding/dehydriding step.
(US6117577-A)   NOVELTY - Ambient pressure fuel cell system includes a fuel stack comprising fuel cells having membrane/electrode assemblies (MEA's) (24) that are hydrated with liquid water, and bipolar plates (26) with anode and cathode channels for respectively distributing hydrogen fuel gas and water to the anode side and air with reactant oxygen to a cathode side.    USE - The system of this invention is useful as hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, and more particularly, to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The system of this invention has fully hydrated membranes that overcomes the problems inherent in pressurized fuel cells using humidified reactant gases. The system of this invention uses direct liquid hydration at ambient pressure to produce a simple, low-parasitic power system and to provide direct evaporative-cooling from high volume ambient pressure air flow.    (EP1110264-A1)   NOVELTY - Ambient pressure fuel cell system includes a fuel stack comprising fuel cells having membrane/electrode assemblies (MEA's) (24) that are hydrated with liquid water, and bipolar plates (26) with anode and cathode channels for respectively distributing hydrogen fuel gas and water to the anode side and air with reactant oxygen to a cathode side.    USE - The system of this invention is useful as hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, and more particularly, to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The system of this invention has fully hydrated membranes that overcomes the problems inherent in pressurized fuel cells using humidified reactant gases. The system of this invention uses direct liquid hydration at ambient pressure to produce a simple, low-parasitic power system and to provide direct evaporative-cooling from high volume ambient pressure air flow.
(US6159627-A)   NOVELTY - A bipolar separator (1) is formed from a plate (2) having trough members (4A, 4B) formed on the opposing sides of a central area.    USE - For use as a separator plate between adjacent fuel cell assemblies in a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The trough areas and the trough members are open opposite in their first sides, thus, there is no abrupt change over their extents at the points of initial contact with the respective matrix. As a result, the stress placed on the matrix is reduced, thus, minimizing the likelihood of cracking.    (EP1110263-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar separator (1) is formed from a plate (2) having trough members (4A, 4B) formed on the opposing sides of a central area.    USE - For use as a separator plate between adjacent fuel cell assemblies in a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The trough areas and the trough members are open opposite in their first sides, thus, there is no abrupt change over their extents at the points of initial contact with the respective matrix. As a result, the stress placed on the matrix is reduced, thus, minimizing the likelihood of cracking.
(US6103970-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell, having at least two front surface contacts, is interconnected with a diode, mounted on its front surface, by forming at least a first recess on the cell surface; forming first and second solar cell contacts on the front surface of the recess; and interconnecting the solar contacts with the first and second contacts of a first bypass diode partly within the recess.    USE - For generating energy in terrestrial and space, where low-cost conventional power sources are unavailable.    ADVANTAGE - The bypass is electrically connected to two contacts on the front of the solar cell, thus eliminating the manufacturing step of flipping the solar cell from front to back to interconnect the bypass diode to a contact on the back of the solar cell. The solar cell/bypass diode combination permits all bypass diode connections to be made to the solar cell on which the diode is mounted, eliminating the need to connect one diode to a contact of an adjoining cell. By having all solar cell-bypass diode interconnections on the front or top side improves throughput in the interconnection processing, increases manufacturing yields through reduced handling, and reduces attrition.
(EP1109736-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel processing system (2) for injecting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power plant reformer, includes a fuel atomizer (4) having a small injection tube (6, 8) into which the liquid fuel is introduced along with steam.    USE - For injecting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power plant reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The invention limits or eliminates carbon deposition from the vaporization of liquid fuel as it passes into the vaporizer before entering the reformer.
(WO200014816-A2)   NOVELTY - A porous, electrically conductive gas diffusion structure for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, having a gas permeability gradient structure perpendicular to the membrane, is new.    USE - As an anode and/or cathode in a PEM fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gas diffusion structure provides constant water balance equilibration in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) so that an additional moistening system is not required.    (EP1114475-A2)   NOVELTY - A porous, electrically conductive gas diffusion structure for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, having a gas permeability gradient structure perpendicular to the membrane, is new.    USE - As an anode and/or cathode in a PEM fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gas diffusion structure provides constant water balance equilibration in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) so that an additional moistening system is not required.    (DE19981720-T)   NOVELTY - A porous, electrically conductive gas diffusion structure for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, having a gas permeability gradient structure perpendicular to the membrane, is new.    USE - As an anode and/or cathode in a PEM fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gas diffusion structure provides constant water balance equilibration in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) so that an additional moistening system is not required.
(EP987777-A1)   NOVELTY - A catalytic ink comprises a dispersion of carbon particles and an organic noble metal complex in a solution of ionomer.    USE - The catalyst ink (III) is useful for the production of membrane electrode units for polymer electrode membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ink (III) enables the simple and cost effective production of fuel cells.    (JP2000067873-A)   NOVELTY - A catalytic ink comprises a dispersion of carbon particles and an organic noble metal complex in a solution of ionomer.    USE - The catalyst ink (III) is useful for the production of membrane electrode units for polymer electrode membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ink (III) enables the simple and cost effective production of fuel cells.    (US6156449-A)   NOVELTY - A catalytic ink comprises a dispersion of carbon particles and an organic noble metal complex in a solution of ionomer.    USE - The catalyst ink (III) is useful for the production of membrane electrode units for polymer electrode membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ink (III) enables the simple and cost effective production of fuel cells.
(EP1118378-A1)   NOVELTY - A permeable film has a porous support, at least 1 x 10-10 mol/m2.s.Pa hydrogen permeation rate and at least one from: (1) selective permeation of hydrogen from steam; (2) at most 1 x 10-2 g/h per cm2 loss rate of ethylene glycol through a film at 85 degreesC; and (2) at most 5 x 10-3 equivs. per 1 cm2 film of acid in 5 % ammonium adipate ethylene glycol solution sealed at 85 degreesC for 2 days.    USE - For electrolytic condensers (claimed) and fuel cells, and for separating at least one type of mol. from a gaseous or liquid mixture comprising at least two types of mol. (claimed method). The film is useful for gas separation or permeation in the presence of highly polar vapors, such as water, ethylene glycol, approximately gamma-butyrolactone and ammonia.    ADVANTAGE - The film has high permeability for hydrogen and poor permeability for steam, gaseous ethylene glycol and gaseous ammonia, and has excellent resistance to chemicals and heat, being usable at 150 degreesC or above. In fuel cells, hydrogen is efficiently separated from water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In condensers, the generated hydrogen is transmitted through the film to the outside, so that there is no pressure increase nor resulting damage or rupture of the vessel, thus preventing large losses of electrolytic solution.
(EP1108270-A1)   NOVELTY - An electrolyte comprises a salt of N-cyano-substituted amide, N-cyano-substituted sulfonamide, 1,1,1-dicyano-substituted sulfonyl methide or 1,1,1-dicyanoacyl methide, and a matrix material.    USE - The salts are useful as electrolyte components in electrochemical cells such as batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors or electrolytic cells. The salts are useful as conductivity additives, e.g. for coating processes including electrostatic spray coating processes, as cationic polymerization initiators or catalysts, as antistatic additives, as surfactants and as electrolytes.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte salts perform at useful conductivity levels. They are easily handled and can be produced at reasonable cost.
(JP2000091601-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell has an improved electrode structure including transparent and non-transparent electrodes and bottom side electrode layers.    USE - None given.    (US6188013-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell has an improved electrode structure including transparent and non-transparent electrodes and bottom side electrode layers.    USE - None given.
(JP2000067874-A)   NOVELTY - A unit cell comprises a pair of electrodes, each having a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer; an electrolyte layer placed between the electrodes; a separator provided outside one electrode and including a passage for delivering fuel gas to the electrode; and a separator provided outside the other electrode and including a passage for delivering oxidant gas to the electrode.    USE - None given.    (JP2000228205-A)   NOVELTY - A unit cell comprises a pair of electrodes, each having a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer; an electrolyte layer placed between the electrodes; a separator provided outside one electrode and including a passage for delivering fuel gas to the electrode; and a separator provided outside the other electrode and including a passage for delivering oxidant gas to the electrode.    USE - None given.    (EP1117142-A1)   NOVELTY - A unit cell comprises a pair of electrodes, each having a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer; an electrolyte layer placed between the electrodes; a separator provided outside one electrode and including a passage for delivering fuel gas to the electrode; and a separator provided outside the other electrode and including a passage for delivering oxidant gas to the electrode.    USE - None given.
(DE19836585-C1)   NOVELTY - Gold/iron oxide catalyst material composed of particulate co-catalytically active iron oxide with metallic gold clusters deposited on it is produced by: (a) reacting a Fe(III) salt with a base in aqueous medium; (b) impregnating the hydroxide gel formed with a solution of water-soluble gold compound to form complexed gold clusters on the surface of the gel; and (d) calcining the reaction product at 350-700 degrees C.    USE - For selective low temperature CO oxidation in reformate hydrogen which is used as combustible gas for polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has increased activity and sufficient long-term stability.    (EP1113874-A2)   NOVELTY - Gold/iron oxide catalyst material composed of particulate co-catalytically active iron oxide with metallic gold clusters deposited on it is produced by: (a) reacting a Fe(III) salt with a base in aqueous medium; (b) impregnating the hydroxide gel formed with a solution of water-soluble gold compound to form complexed gold clusters on the surface of the gel; and (d) calcining the reaction product at 350-700 degrees C.    USE - For selective low temperature CO oxidation in reformate hydrogen which is used as combustible gas for polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has increased activity and sufficient long-term stability.
(EP1045454-A1)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing a high-quality solar cell with an interface free from contamination comprises successively forming in multilayer on a substrate, a transparent electrode film, an amorphous silicon film, and a metal electrode film and etching them to a desired pattern by using a resist film having two thicknesses. Solar cell elements are insulated from each other through a predetermined protective film, and a conductive paste is applied over the protective film to electrically connect the solar cell elements in series.    USE - Solar cell manufacture.    (JP11552748-X)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing a high-quality solar cell with an interface free from contamination comprises successively forming in multilayer on a substrate, a transparent electrode film, an amorphous silicon film, and a metal electrode film and etching them to a desired pattern by using a resist film having two thicknesses. Solar cell elements are insulated from each other through a predetermined protective film, and a conductive paste is applied over the protective film to electrically connect the solar cell elements in series.    USE - Solar cell manufacture.
(WO200008692-A1)   NOVELTY - The lamp (24) comprises a wick (22) above which is mounted a thermoelectric converter (C). Within this is mounted a series of thermocouples which convert the heat emitted by the wick into an electrical voltage sufficient enough to power a transistor or a radio.    USE - Portable gas or petrol powered lamp for camping, expeditions or as a means of providing simple electrical power to remote or disaster stricken areas.    ADVANTAGE - The lamp is simple to run and manufacture and produces a more efficient use of the fuel by providing both lighting and power.    (EP1112598-A1)   NOVELTY - The lamp (24) comprises a wick (22) above which is mounted a thermoelectric converter (C). Within this is mounted a series of thermocouples which convert the heat emitted by the wick into an electrical voltage sufficient enough to power a transistor or a radio.    USE - Portable gas or petrol powered lamp for camping, expeditions or as a means of providing simple electrical power to remote or disaster stricken areas.    ADVANTAGE - The lamp is simple to run and manufacture and produces a more efficient use of the fuel by providing both lighting and power.
(GB2341721-A)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing the solar cell arrangement comprises: forming a pn junction in the semiconductor material; separating the semiconductor material along a plane across the pn junction to give an off-cut (9) and a main body (10); electrically connecting the off-cut in reverse parallel across a main body; and producing two contacts of the front and rear surfaces of the semiconductor material    USE - For solar cells giving protection against reverse current flow.    (JP2000091616-A)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing the solar cell arrangement comprises: forming a pn junction in the semiconductor material; separating the semiconductor material along a plane across the pn junction to give an off-cut (9) and a main body (10); electrically connecting the off-cut in reverse parallel across a main body; and producing two contacts of the front and rear surfaces of the semiconductor material    USE - For solar cells giving protection against reverse current flow.
(EP1003232-A2)   NOVELTY - The converter comprises two coaxial perforated cylinders (6,8) sealed at the top against the inlet stub (3) or the lid (2a) of the chamber. The bottom internal cylinder (6) is closed by a disk (16) that fits inside a recessed disk (14). The disk forms part of a sliding base (11) that closes the other cylinder (8). Catalyst pellets fill the space (9) between the cylinders.    USE - As an exhaust gas catalytic converter for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gas expands in its passage to give intimate contact with the catalyst and reduce backpressure.
(WO200010938-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte matrix production process, comprising forming stalks from a solid electrolyte foil with electrodes, is new.    USE - For high and low temperature electrochemical fuel cells, e.g. PEM fuel cells or SOFCs for electric motors, and mass separation processes, e.g. as a membrane or membrane support.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte matrix has a space-saving design.    (EP1115676-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte matrix production process, comprising forming stalks from a solid electrolyte foil with electrodes, is new.    USE - For high and low temperature electrochemical fuel cells, e.g. PEM fuel cells or SOFCs for electric motors, and mass separation processes, e.g. as a membrane or membrane support.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte matrix has a space-saving design.
(EP1129497-A1)   NOVELTY - Membrane electrode assembly comprises full planform proton exchange membrane (48) with catalyst layers (40,44) centrally on both sides and gas diffusion layers (38,50) on catalyst layers. Porous substrates (32,34) on both sides of gas diffusion layers are impregnated with sealant (60,62) at their periphery and gas diffusion layers are coated with sealant where they contact sealant regions of substrates. All layers are co-extensive.    USE - As a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Stepped discontinuities are avoided and the assembly can be continuously and mass produced with liberal tolerances.
(JP2000077079-A)      NOVELTY - The separator (4) is made of a composite that includes 85-97% of graphite powder and 3-15% of thermosetting resins. The composite is initially cold formed at a pressure of 100-150 kgf/cm2 and then shaped at a pressure of 150-1500 kgf/cm2.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably, 4-9% of thermosetting resin is included in the composite and shaping of cold formed composite is done at a pressure of 300-1000 kgf/cm2. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of separator for fuel battery.    USE -   The separator is used for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Has homogeneous property and small volume resistivity due to presence of thermosetting resin in proportion to graphite powder in the composite and since cold forming and shaping of composite are done at particular pressure. Has predetermined shape since irregularity does not occur during shaping due to the presence of small amount of resin that improves liquidity of composite to specified level.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the exploded perspective diagram of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery. (4) Separator.
(JP2000090991-A)   NOVELTY - Photo-electrochemical cell includes a nitrogen-containing 5 or 6 membered ring compound having a specific substituent at the alpha-carbon of the nitrogen-containing ring and having a molecular weight of 1000 or less.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Photo-electrochemical cell has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability.
(EP1110265-A1)   NOVELTY - A molten carbonate fuel cell has an electrode support made of high porosity reticulated foam material placed on a face of at least one of the electrodes facing away from the matrix and forming pores.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The support eliminates the requirement of conventional fuel cell stack systems for expensive ribbed or corrugated separator plates. It provides the function of reactant gas distribution to the electrodes. It also eliminates the highest cost elements in a fuel cell stack such as perforated nickel and stainless steel plates/current collectors. It is capable of supplying electrolyte to the electrolyte matrix of the fuel cell during initial heat-up/conditioning. It is durable, lightweight and can withstand compressive forces.
(NL1009815-C2)   NOVELTY - A molten carbonate fuel cell is produced by melting-in an electrolyte into a green cathode at elevated temperature and the part obtained is combined with an anode and heated. The anode and green cathode are combined as an assembly and separated by a matrix plate with electrolyte based on carbonate.    USE - For the production of electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention imparts adequate strength to the cathode to enable it to be placed against the matrix with enough contact force, and protects the LiCoO2 against reduction during start-up.
(EP1088796-A1)      NOVELTY - 35-45 mol% of P2O5, 0-15 mol% of SiO2, 0-50 mol% of GeO2 and 0-50 mol% of TiO2 are mixed so that the combination GeO2 and TiO2 is within 25-50 mol%. A heat treatment process is carried out to obtain a glass represented by chemical formula Li(1+X)(M,Al,Ga)X(Ge1-YTiY)2-X(PO4)3 in which X is within 0-0.8 and Y is within 0-1.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - ZrO2 and an oxide of an element selected from the group containing In,Fe,Cr,Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb and Lu are mixed in the mol% range of 0-8% and 0-12%.    USE -   For lithium cell, gas sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to obtain glass with very high lithium ion conductivity.
(DE19837019-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises at least one active zone comprises molecules stacked on top of one another. The molecule have at least one n-conducting side and at least one p-conducting side.    USE - Solar cell    (FR2782416-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises at least one active zone comprises molecules stacked on top of one another. The molecule have at least one n-conducting side and at least one p-conducting side.    USE - Solar cell    (DE19837019-C2)   NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises at least one active zone comprises molecules stacked on top of one another. The molecule have at least one n-conducting side and at least one p-conducting side.    USE - Solar cell
(EP1114470-A1)   NOVELTY - Thin-layer solar cells are produced by coating an organic polymeric supporting material with at least one photovoltaically active layer and annealing them together. The supporting material has glass transition temperature 90-200 degrees C. Coating is carried out below the glass transition temperature and annealing is conducted at 400-600 degrees C using a laser for 0.01-1 s at 2-5000 W/mm2.    USE - The invention is used in the production of thin-layer solar cells, e.g. cadmium/tellurium (CdTe) solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides high efficiency solar cells. It permits the use of flexible films without the polymeric supporting material being damage by high temperatures.
(EP1026768-A1)   NOVELTY - The separator is manufactured by forming a large number of Sn or Sn-alloy projections (24) on the surface of a separator plate (22) opposed to electrodes. Preferably, the projections are formed of an Sn-Bi alloy or Sn-Bi alloy doped with Ag. The separator is manufactured by applying molten metal (32) of Sn or an Sn alloy on the separator plate, and pressing a die with a large number of small holes against the molten metal so that the molten metal may enter the space defined by the plate and the small holes.    USE - Manufacture of separator for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The separator for a fuel cell, can maintain low contact resistance for a long time of service in an oxidative vapor atmosphere.
(US6087034-A)   NOVELTY - The electrode comprises a single, unitary, thin pressed flexible graphite sheet (10) with parallel opposed planar outer surfaces and needle-shaped ceramic fiber particles (30). The needle-shaped ceramic fiber particles are embedded in the flexible sheet extending from the opposed planar outer surfaces (22, 24) into the graphite sheet to provide the graphite sheet with permeability to gases.    USE - Useful as an electrode in electrochemical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Impregnation of the resin plate with phenolic resin increases flexural strength, improved heat dispersion and lower voltage drop across its thickness when used as a fluid flow field plate in a fuel cell.    (EP1099266-A2)   NOVELTY - The electrode comprises a single, unitary, thin pressed flexible graphite sheet (10) with parallel opposed planar outer surfaces and needle-shaped ceramic fiber particles (30). The needle-shaped ceramic fiber particles are embedded in the flexible sheet extending from the opposed planar outer surfaces (22, 24) into the graphite sheet to provide the graphite sheet with permeability to gases.    USE - Useful as an electrode in electrochemical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Impregnation of the resin plate with phenolic resin increases flexural strength, improved heat dispersion and lower voltage drop across its thickness when used as a fluid flow field plate in a fuel cell.
(US6096449-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) includes a controller (122) electrically coupled with the fuel cell that shunts the electrical current between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell for generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Damage to the internal components upon failure of the fuel cell is prevented. The electrical power output of the fuel cell may be increased.    (EP1112600-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) includes a controller (122) electrically coupled with the fuel cell that shunts the electrical current between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell for generating electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Damage to the internal components upon failure of the fuel cell is prevented. The electrical power output of the fuel cell may be increased.
(EP987768-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises: - an insulating substrate carrying a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a transparent second electrode; - a non-transparent electrode which includes non-transparent conductive strips formed on the surface; - and an electrode formed on the opposite substrate surface connected to the first electrode by conductive substrate vias, the non-conductive strips being located above the conducting vias.    USE - Especially as a copper-indium-gallium-selenide solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The lower electrode of the cell has low resistivity to reduce cell Joule loss.    (JP2000091603-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell comprises: - an insulating substrate carrying a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a transparent second electrode; - a non-transparent electrode which includes non-transparent conductive strips formed on the surface; - and an electrode formed on the opposite substrate surface connected to the first electrode by conductive substrate vias, the non-conductive strips being located above the conducting vias.    USE - Especially as a copper-indium-gallium-selenide solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The lower electrode of the cell has low resistivity to reduce cell Joule loss.
(JP3127991-B2)      NOVELTY - The ion exchange membrane (1) comprises a porous layer (2) containing ion exchange resin distributed on one or both sides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of the ion exchange membrane.    USE -   For electrochemical apparatus such as electrolyzer, solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolytic voltage is reduced as surface area of the membrane is increased. As the membrane is not ruptured, current efficiency is improved. Thermocompression bonding on the surface of the ion exchange membrane is performed at high temperature and strength of the resin is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional drawing of ion exchange membrane. (1) Ion exchange membrane; (2) Porous layer.
(WO200024076-A1)   NOVELTY - The container (1) has an inlet (E) for a medium (2, 3), and two outlets (A1, A2). It is divided at least into two compartments (5, 6) by means of at least one element (4) letting through fluids. The compartments are arranged so that one (5) of them with the outlet (A1) adjoins the inlet (E), while the other (6) with the outlet (A2) is remote from it.    USE - For operation of fuel cells in vehicles powered by them.    ADVANTAGE - The container is suitable also for low-purity methanol.
(WO200010174-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrically conducting, flexible mechanically stable layer material contains a preformed conducting porous layer material containing non-metal particles as a conducting component. The pores of the layer material are partially or completely filled with a hardenable resin, and the conducting particles are not essentially encapsulated by this resin.    USE - For shielding electromagnetic radiation, as mechanical reinforcement of gas diffusion electrodes as a bipolar plate separating reactants in electrochemical cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The material has good mechanical strength and high elastic modulus.    (EP1108259-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrically conducting, flexible mechanically stable layer material contains a preformed conducting porous layer material containing non-metal particles as a conducting component. The pores of the layer material are partially or completely filled with a hardenable resin, and the conducting particles are not essentially encapsulated by this resin.    USE - For shielding electromagnetic radiation, as mechanical reinforcement of gas diffusion electrodes as a bipolar plate separating reactants in electrochemical cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The material has good mechanical strength and high elastic modulus.    (DE19981567-T)   NOVELTY - Electrically conducting, flexible mechanically stable layer material contains a preformed conducting porous layer material containing non-metal particles as a conducting component. The pores of the layer material are partially or completely filled with a hardenable resin, and the conducting particles are not essentially encapsulated by this resin.    USE - For shielding electromagnetic radiation, as mechanical reinforcement of gas diffusion electrodes as a bipolar plate separating reactants in electrochemical cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The material has good mechanical strength and high elastic modulus.
(EP1110262-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar collector for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, having metal cylinders which extend through a polymer plate into the electrodes, is new.    USE - For a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The collector has excellent conductivity, allowing fuel cell operation at high current densities, and has low weight and low production cost.    (US2001006745-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar collector for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, having metal cylinders which extend through a polymer plate into the electrodes, is new.    USE - For a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The collector has excellent conductivity, allowing fuel cell operation at high current densities, and has low weight and low production cost.
(JP3002974-B2)      NOVELTY - Water repellent carbon black is added as catalyst to polytetrafluoroethylene coated on reaction and gas supply layers (2,3), respectively of the gas diffusion electrode (1).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of gas diffusion electrode. The slurry containing PTFE powder with carbon particles is coated on the gas supply layer sheet at a thickness of 0.5 mm or less. After drying the gas supply sheet, the surfactant is removed and the gas supply layer sheet is heated beyond the melting point of PTFE. The gas supply sheet is then pressed on the electrode at greater than 330 C.    USE -   For electrolysis of fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The addition of water repellent black carbon increases the bonding strength of reaction and gas supply layers. The flexible gas supply layer prevents the spilling of liquid from gas diffusion electrode to the gas chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas diffusion electrode. (1) Gas diffusion electrode; (2) Reaction and gas supply layers.
(JP2000100454-A)   NOVELTY - In the fuel cell stack, the fuel gas passage (6), the oxidizing gas flow passage (7) and the cooling water flow passage (8) are constructed by the combination of a diffuser comprising a conductive porous body or a corrugated plate and an elastic gasket. The number of parts is reduced and operating performance is improved by integrally forming the gasket with the separator.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A cutting operation is not required since the fuel gas passage (6), the oxidizing gas flow passage (7) and the cooling water flow passage (8) are constructed by a combination of a diffuser and an elastic gasket. The number of parts can be reduced. Operating performance is improved, and costs are reduced.
(JP2000106192-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell base tube, containing coarse base tube raw material particles or metal oxide particles, is new.    USE - For an integral sintered fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The coarse particles cause nonuniform shrinkage of the base tube on sintering to provide increased porosity and pore diameter for improved energy production properties.    (EP1071150-A2)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell base tube, containing coarse base tube raw material particles or metal oxide particles, is new.    USE - For an integral sintered fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The coarse particles cause nonuniform shrinkage of the base tube on sintering to provide increased porosity and pore diameter for improved energy production properties.
(EP1105931-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system, having a gas-cooled heat exchanger (4) for heat extraction from a reformate gas cleaning stage, is new.    USE - As a PEM fuel cell system, e.g. equipped with a methanol reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a gas/gas heat exchanger employing the above specified coolants avoids the need for an additional coolant circuit with an associated liquid/air heat exchanger so that the fuel cell system has reduced size, weight and cost, avoids excessive cooling and thus termination of oxidation in the last gas cleaning stage, improves the overall efficiency of the system and avoids thermal energy losses.
(WO9967830-A1)   NOVELTY - Because the mass transfers directly from the cathode and anode exhausts (40, 48) into the process oxidant stream the rate of uptake of mass and therefore heat by the oxidant stream is not solely a function of the ambient air temperature or humidity, but is a function of partial pressure differences between mass in the oxidant stream entering the plant and the mass in the plant exhaust stream. This allows for more water recovery than in conventional plant using an ambient air cooled condensing heat exchanger (94).    USE - Fuel cell power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The system is self sufficient in water over a broad range of conditions and has improved energy efficiency.
(EP1105932-A1)   NOVELTY - A high output voltage planar fuel cell, in which electrolyte membranes (20) cover cell interconnection structures in interspaces (Z) between individual cells.    USE - As a high output voltage fuel cell useful for small electrical equipment such as portable computers.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a very compact, modular, planar construction and ensures a gas-tight electrical connection between the anode and cathode sides of the individual cells.
(EP1112597-A1)   NOVELTY - Self aligning method for forming contact metallization in a solar cell comprises coating a surface (41) of a semiconductor substrate (11) with dielectric or surface masking layer(s) (12) containing dopants of opposite polarity to those used in the surface of the substrate. This layer acts or is modifiable in situ to act as a surface passivation layer and/or metallization mask.    USE - For forming contact metallization in a solar cell. The method is particularly applicable in photovoltaic device manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - The method can achieve the same performance as buried contact solar cell on float zone material. On thermally sensitive material that includes many types of commercial grade substrates, the method minimizes the wafer's exposure to high temperatures and reduces the time needed for the thermal processes to lead to a higher performance compared to a buried contact solar cell. Application of the method to the light receiving surface and to the rear surface produces a bifacial solar cell of high performance.
(US6197442-B1)   NOVELTY - A water transport plate for a fuel cell has a maximum thru-plane resistivity of 0.04 ohm-cm, a minimum compressive yield strength of 750 psi, a maximum pore size of 3.0 microns, a minimum open porosity of 30 volume percent and a bubble pressure of 5-15 psig. The water permeability through the transport plate is 30 x 10-17 - 2000 x 10-17 m2.    USE - The water transport plate is used in a fuel cell for water management.    ADVANTAGE - The water transport plate has an improved structural integrity. It has a more uniform bubble pressure. Due to these advantages, the use of thinner components which results in reduced cost and greater power per unit volume is made possible. An optimal balance between bubble pressure and water permeability is achieved.    (EP1116293-A1)   NOVELTY - A water transport plate for a fuel cell has a maximum thru-plane resistivity of 0.04 ohm-cm, a minimum compressive yield strength of 750 psi, a maximum pore size of 3.0 microns, a minimum open porosity of 30 volume percent and a bubble pressure of 5-15 psig. The water permeability through the transport plate is 30 x 10-17 - 2000 x 10-17 m2.    USE - The water transport plate is used in a fuel cell for water management.    ADVANTAGE - The water transport plate has an improved structural integrity. It has a more uniform bubble pressure. Due to these advantages, the use of thinner components which results in reduced cost and greater power per unit volume is made possible. An optimal balance between bubble pressure and water permeability is achieved.
(NL1009432-C2)   NOVELTY - After applying adhesive on electrically conductive layers (18, 24), edge zone (3') is heated partially and pressure is exerted locally to form a space partially bounded by semiconductor material layer (14). Electrolytic liquid (16) is supplied to the space to separate the layer (18) from layer (14). The remaining portion is then heated to seal the liquid in the space.    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since electrolytic injection and local heating can be performed simultaneously, production time and cost are reduced considerably. Seals electrolytic liquid without increasing internal pressure. Improved performance of cell.    (EP1095386-A1)   NOVELTY - After applying adhesive on electrically conductive layers (18, 24), edge zone (3') is heated partially and pressure is exerted locally to form a space partially bounded by semiconductor material layer (14). Electrolytic liquid (16) is supplied to the space to separate the layer (18) from layer (14). The remaining portion is then heated to seal the liquid in the space.    USE - For manufacturing photovoltaic cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since electrolytic injection and local heating can be performed simultaneously, production time and cost are reduced considerably. Seals electrolytic liquid without increasing internal pressure. Improved performance of cell.
(JP2000058091-A)   NOVELTY - A return line (61) for returning waste gas (60', 70') to the feed site is located between the feed site (5) and the post-combustion chamber (6). The feed site has a spray for injecting a liquid fuel.    USE - For reforming fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - Heat released absorbed during reforming is utilized.    (CN1244048-A)   NOVELTY - A return line (61) for returning waste gas (60', 70') to the feed site is located between the feed site (5) and the post-combustion chamber (6). The feed site has a spray for injecting a liquid fuel.    USE - For reforming fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - Heat released absorbed during reforming is utilized.
(DE19832625-C2)   NOVELTY - Production of a stack reactor (20) made up of several stacked catalyst plates (10) comprises sintering the catalyst plates (10) in a stack.    USE - In the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is compact and can be easy to produce with low active volume losses.
(JP2000090941-A)   NOVELTY - A material for a novel fuel cell separator obtained by molding a mixture containing at least a conductive powder and a binder which is a rubber-modified phenolic resin.    USE - The material is used for a fuel cell separator for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell separator has superior impact resistance or tenacity, causes no rupture when formed into a thin plate and used in a fuel cell, and has density and electrical properties equivalent to conventional products.
(JP2000100452-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte film interposed between the anode and cathode, an anode-side conductive separator plate having a gas passage for feeding fuel gas to the anode, and a cathode-side conductive separator plate.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable electric sources, electric sources for an electric car, domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invented fuel cell has a low production cost and has the advantage of compactness.    (JP2000260441-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte film interposed between the anode and cathode, an anode-side conductive separator plate having a gas passage for feeding fuel gas to the anode, and a cathode-side conductive separator plate.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable electric sources, electric sources for an electric car, domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invented fuel cell has a low production cost and has the advantage of compactness.    (EP1094535-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte film interposed between the anode and cathode, an anode-side conductive separator plate having a gas passage for feeding fuel gas to the anode, and a cathode-side conductive separator plate.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable electric sources, electric sources for an electric car, domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invented fuel cell has a low production cost and has the advantage of compactness.
(WO200010939-A1)   NOVELTY - A ceramic material, preferably alpha-LiAlO2, is mixed with an organic solvent and subjected to high energy attrition milling to perform deflocculation. The deflocculated ceramic material in the mixture is formed into a matrix.    USE - For carbonate fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Hydration retardation is attained by controlling deflocculation time. Agglomeration of ceramic particle is prevented, thereby enhancing deflocculation. The slurry surface tension and stability of bubbles are reduced, thereby preventing tape separation during casting.    (EP1109759-A1)   NOVELTY - A ceramic material, preferably alpha-LiAlO2, is mixed with an organic solvent and subjected to high energy attrition milling to perform deflocculation. The deflocculated ceramic material in the mixture is formed into a matrix.    USE - For carbonate fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Hydration retardation is attained by controlling deflocculation time. Agglomeration of ceramic particle is prevented, thereby enhancing deflocculation. The slurry surface tension and stability of bubbles are reduced, thereby preventing tape separation during casting.
(JP2000036332-A)   NOVELTY - A novel electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    USE - The electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-electrochemical cell has excellent photoelectric characteristics and durability.    (JP2000100486-A)   NOVELTY - A novel electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    USE - The electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-electrochemical cell has excellent photoelectric characteristics and durability.
(US6130378-A)      NOVELTY - Porous substance (3) made of semiconductor oxide and including pigment material is provided between a transparent electrode (1) and a counter electrode (5). A minute film (8) made of the same oxide as that of the porous substance is formed between the transparent electrode and the porous substance.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves contact between the porous substance and the transparent electrode. Dispersion liquid of semiconductor oxide is formed uniformly on the minute film. The conversion efficiency is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery. (1) Transparent electrode; (3) Porous substance; (5) Counter electrode; (8) Minute film.
(JP3098219-B2)      NOVELTY - The fuel pole catalyst layer consists of alloy metal catalysts (1,3) including platinum and ruthenium whose mean particle diameter differs. The mean particle diameter of one metal catalyst is 1.5 times or more than that of another metal catalyst.    USE -   For solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The dissolved platinum re-precipitates on the big catalyst particles such that the active surface of the small catalyst particles is protected. Consequently co-poisoning proof characteristics of the battery is maintained for long period of time. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the enlarged model of the metal catalyst. (1,3) Metal catalysts.
(JP2000058899-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module for use as a component of a photovoltaic module framing system, comprises a laminate, electrical wires (164,166,196) connected to the laminate, and a mechanical frame (162) for securely holding the laminate to a mounting location, characterized in that the frame defines at least one electrical raceway (194) to support the electrical wires.    USE - Photovoltaic module framing system to hold and mount the module to a support surface, for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module framing system is easy to install and assemble, and is economical. It is aesthetically pleasing, conceals most electric components, and permits easy access to output wires. It does not require an electrical junction box or electrical conduits, nor does it require an auxiliary bracket, brace, or beam, as in bulky prior framing systems.    (US6111189-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module for use as a component of a photovoltaic module framing system, comprises a laminate, electrical wires (164,166,196) connected to the laminate, and a mechanical frame (162) for securely holding the laminate to a mounting location, characterized in that the frame defines at least one electrical raceway (194) to support the electrical wires.    USE - Photovoltaic module framing system to hold and mount the module to a support surface, for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module framing system is easy to install and assemble, and is economical. It is aesthetically pleasing, conceals most electric components, and permits easy access to output wires. It does not require an electrical junction box or electrical conduits, nor does it require an auxiliary bracket, brace, or beam, as in bulky prior framing systems.
(US6278056-B1)   NOVELTY - A metal complex is new. Also a dye-sensitized oxide semiconductor electrode includes an electrically conductive body, an oxide semiconductor film on the body's surface and the metal complex. A solar cell is also claimed, constructed from the semiconductor electrode, a counter electrode and a redox electrolyte which contacts both electrodes.    USE - The metal complex is useful as a sensitizer.    ADVANTAGE - The metal complex can efficiently absorb solar light. The solar cell using the above electrode has a high photoelectric transfer efficiency.
(EP1095174-A1)   NOVELTY - A water side electrochemical cell screen assembly comprises two screen layers with different openings. The first screen layer (50) has an opening of 0.838-1.96 mm and a thickness of 0.127 mm. The second screen layer (51) is disposed parallel to and in contact with the first screen layer.    USE - Useful in energy conversion devices such as electrolysis cells or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Electrochemical cells with the new screen assembly provides structural integrity without adversely affecting the cell's mass flow rates. It can operate at high pressure.
(EP1103080-A1)   NOVELTY - An intermediate temperature ceramic fuel cell (ITCFC) comprises a ceramic composite electrolyte. The ITCFC is provided with a ceramic membrane (CM) or electrolyte based on salt-oxide ceramic composites.    USE - The fuel cell is used for converting chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - High power generation is achieved because the materials in the device are available in large amounts and highly cost effective. The device does not need an expensive catalyst as in conventional low fuel cells and it can be operated at 300-800 degrees C.
(JP2000053424-A)   NOVELTY - A perovskite, is used for coating high temperature fuel cell interconnectors (1) and comprises a low lanthanide content lanthanide-alkaline earth metal-transition metal perovskite.    USE - For coating interconnectors used in high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The perovskite is less expensive than but equally effective as conventional lanthanum-strontium-manganese (LSM) perovskite and, unlike LSM perovskite, can be deposited by spraying methods other than HVOF spraying, e.g. plasma spraying, without segregation.    (CN1243109-A)   NOVELTY - A perovskite, is used for coating high temperature fuel cell interconnectors (1) and comprises a low lanthanide content lanthanide-alkaline earth metal-transition metal perovskite.    USE - For coating interconnectors used in high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The perovskite is less expensive than but equally effective as conventional lanthanum-strontium-manganese (LSM) perovskite and, unlike LSM perovskite, can be deposited by spraying methods other than HVOF spraying, e.g. plasma spraying, without segregation.    (US6228522-B1)   NOVELTY - A perovskite, is used for coating high temperature fuel cell interconnectors (1) and comprises a low lanthanide content lanthanide-alkaline earth metal-transition metal perovskite.    USE - For coating interconnectors used in high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The perovskite is less expensive than but equally effective as conventional lanthanum-strontium-manganese (LSM) perovskite and, unlike LSM perovskite, can be deposited by spraying methods other than HVOF spraying, e.g. plasma spraying, without segregation.
(US6127623-A)   NOVELTY - Depressions-projections, at a depth of 25 microns or more and formed on either or both sides of the substrate of a solar sell.    USE - Solar cell is used on board artificial satellites.    ADVANTAGE - Radiation resistance characteristic of the solar cells is improved.
(JP2000000467-A)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell has platinum and ruthenium supported on a support. Platinum and ruthenium are supported in the mol ratio 2-4:8-6.    USE - The fuel cell can be used as power source for electrically driven vehicles and space ships.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows platinum and ruthenium metal particles to be carried out with no agglomeration and near each other. A platinum/ruthenium catalyst is produced which has excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning by carbon monoxide.    (JP2000003712-A)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell has platinum and ruthenium supported on a support. Platinum and ruthenium are supported in the mol ratio 2-4:8-6.    USE - The fuel cell can be used as power source for electrically driven vehicles and space ships.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows platinum and ruthenium metal particles to be carried out with no agglomeration and near each other. A platinum/ruthenium catalyst is produced which has excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning by carbon monoxide.    (EP1022795-A1)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell has platinum and ruthenium supported on a support. Platinum and ruthenium are supported in the mol ratio 2-4:8-6.    USE - The fuel cell can be used as power source for electrically driven vehicles and space ships.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows platinum and ruthenium metal particles to be carried out with no agglomeration and near each other. A platinum/ruthenium catalyst is produced which has excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning by carbon monoxide.
(NL1009431-C2)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises a layered structure (25) of at least: (a) a first electrically conductive layer (23); (b) a layer of crystalline metal oxide semiconductor material (14) deposited on a metal foil (23); (c) a transparent second electrically conductive layer (18) over a transparent substrate (26); and (d) an electrolytic liquid (16) contained between (b) and (c).    USE - The solar cell is used in the field of consumer electronics, e.g. watches.    (EP1095387-A1)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises a layered structure (25) of at least: (a) a first electrically conductive layer (23); (b) a layer of crystalline metal oxide semiconductor material (14) deposited on a metal foil (23); (c) a transparent second electrically conductive layer (18) over a transparent substrate (26); and (d) an electrolytic liquid (16) contained between (b) and (c).    USE - The solar cell is used in the field of consumer electronics, e.g. watches.
(US6120924-A)      A single cell comprises a solid electrolyte (2); a porous air electrode (1) arranged in a state to be joined with the solid electrolyte; and a fuel electrode (3). An interconnector (4) is provided to electrically connect the single cell. In an air electrode material for a solid fuel battery to covert chemical reaction between hydrogen or fuel gas and air or oxygen gas into electric energy, the air electrode (1) has a composition represented by a formula of YNi1-x FexO3, where Ln is a rare earth element) or a formula of YNi1-xFexO3. (x) in the formulae is in a range of 0.30 - 0.60.    ADVANTAGE -   Reliability of a solid fuel battery is improved and efficiency is increased,
(JP2000034102-A)   NOVELTY - A method for controlling a reformer for producing reformate gas comprises calculating an amount of raw material sufficient to produce a desired amount of the reforming gas, determining an amount of heat fuel (Qm) to be supplied to a heater (3) in the reformer and an amount of an oxidizer based on the calculated amount of the raw material (Qk), introducing the raw material into the reformer (2), and introducing the heat fuel and the oxidizer into the heater (3) to heat the raw material using heat generated in a reaction of the heat fuel and the oxidizer.    USE - For reforming reformate fuel such as methyl alcohol and water into desired fuel such as gas with a high concentration of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The reforming reaction is able to proceed in a suitable manner without adversely affecting fuel consumption.
(CN1241819-A)   NOVELTY - ITO films are formed on the photovoltaic layers to improve thermal stability of the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic elements.    USE - For cost effective energy conversion applications.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the problem of reduction of conversion efficiency due to rises in the temperature of a photovoltaic element caused by irradiation of intense light. Thermal stability is also improved.    (JP2000082831-A)   NOVELTY - ITO films are formed on the photovoltaic layers to improve thermal stability of the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic elements.    USE - For cost effective energy conversion applications.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the problem of reduction of conversion efficiency due to rises in the temperature of a photovoltaic element caused by irradiation of intense light. Thermal stability is also improved.
(EP1029593-A1)   NOVELTY - Catalyst includes 50-80 atomic% platinum.    USE - Used in the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas which is used as supply source of hydrogen for solid polymer fuel cells. The catalyst is used in electrically driven vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is a high performance oxidation catalyst for a gas produced by reforming, which can be used for selectively oxidising carbon monoxide which acts as a catalyst poison to convert it to carbon dioxide.
(GB2352557-A)   NOVELTY - A multi-element fuel cell system (1) comprises a cylindrical former (2), a rechargeable hydrogen fuel source (3) and a number of fuel elements (4). The former (2) comprises a series of interconnecting modules which are perforated to allow passage of fuel to the fuel cell elements (4). Each fuel cell element (4) is positioned radially and outwardly of the cylindrical former (2).    USE - The multi-element fuel cell is used in man-portable equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows fuel cells to be manufactured to different power specifications using the same production process. The multi-element fuel cells of the invention maybe linked together in any suitable configuration to create a large power source.    (EP1078409-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-element fuel cell system (1) comprises a cylindrical former (2), a rechargeable hydrogen fuel source (3) and a number of fuel elements (4). The former (2) comprises a series of interconnecting modules which are perforated to allow passage of fuel to the fuel cell elements (4). Each fuel cell element (4) is positioned radially and outwardly of the cylindrical former (2).    USE - The multi-element fuel cell is used in man-portable equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows fuel cells to be manufactured to different power specifications using the same production process. The multi-element fuel cells of the invention maybe linked together in any suitable configuration to create a large power source.
(EP1086501-A2)   NOVELTY - A polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has a liquid reservoir connected to the fuel feed and/or oxidant feed channel for humidifying and/or cooling purposes.    USE - As a PEM fuel cell system, e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides liquid moistening and/or cooling at the anode and/or cathode side, while providing a low weight, a small volume and low production costs, and can recover heat e.g. for heating a vehicle passenger compartment.
(EP1091800-A1)   NOVELTY - The reactor consists principally of reactor and heat removal (or heat supply) chambers. These are formed in a stack of plates (2a-c) having grooves (3) in which (6) are the heat exchange chambers and (5) the reactor chambers containing the catalyst (4). The plates are sealed against each other with solder (7), supplied in sheets. Where a chamber (6) is formed this sheet is solid but where a chamber (5) is formed the sheet is perforated so that there is no danger that solder could mix with the catalyst.    USE - Catalytic reactor, particularly one for making hydrogen for fuel cells    ADVANTAGE - A compact and simple construction.
(EP1098381-A1)   NOVELTY - Total heat exchanger for transferring heat and moisture simultaneously from an exhausted gas to the fuel gas and the oxidising gas is built in on the inner sides of the end plates provided at the opposite ends of the fuel cell or between the insulating plate and the collector plate or the end plates.    USE - Used as high polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - After use cooling water is used as heat source of co-generation system and a fuel cell is provided with a compact internal total heat exchanger.
(EP1017476-A1)   NOVELTY - The permeable composite based on perforated and permeable substrate(s) has, on one or both sides and inside the substrate, an inorganic component comprising a compound of a metal, metalloid and/or mixed metal with main group 3 to 7 element(s). The composite has ion-conducting properties.    USE - The composite is used as a catalyst for acid- or base-catalyzed reactions; and as a membrane in fuel cells, electrodialysis, membrane electrolysis, electrolysis, pervaporation and vapor permeation (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Most of the materials normally used for the cited purposes are polymers that can be used only in a limited temperature range, as they either soften or no longer swell enough to ensure good ion conduction from about 120 degrees C. Inorganic materials (zeolites and other aluminosilicates) have better heat stability but often lack stability in acid media, which limits their usefulness. Existing permeable composites with high thermal stability are not ion conducting. The present composites are thermostable, conduct ions up to 250 degrees C and are insensitive to relatively high acid concentrations.
(JP3029197-B2)      NOVELTY - A separator (8) which is impregnated with lithium and sodium carbonates, is placed between cathode (1) and anode (4). Gas is passed through a support (9) placed between the electrodes. An oxidation film is formed on the electrodes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for heat treatment method of fuel battery.    USE -   In molten carbonate fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents corrosion caused to the mixed salt on the electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of molten carbonate fuel battery. (1) Cathode; (4) Anode; (8) Separator; (9) Support.
(JP2000101114-A)   NOVELTY - The electrode is penetrable by light and comprises longitudinal electrically conductive elements (14) and spaces, whereby the light intensity distribution before having penetrated the electrode is influenced by forward scattering. The conductive elements have a perimeter which is smaller than the wavelength of the light thus causing Mie scattering of the light.    USE - An electrode for use in electrooptical devices such as displays or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode has high conductivity, high transparency and a wide adaptability with electrical, electronic and interface characteristics. Display devices exhibit high transmittance and improved uniformity.
(CN1244724-A)   NOVELTY - A crystal growth process comprises forming an epitaxial semiconductor layer on a porous semiconductor. The porous semiconductor layer has the principal plane of (111)-plane.    USE - Process is used for manufacturing a semiconductor device e.g., solar cell, photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - A crystalline silicon layer covering a porous silicon layer completely is epitaxially grown on the porous layer without causing any abnormal growth. Stratified epitaxial semiconductor layers are stably formed on a porous layer and the semiconductor device is produced in good yield.    (JP2000100738-A)   NOVELTY - A crystal growth process comprises forming an epitaxial semiconductor layer on a porous semiconductor. The porous semiconductor layer has the principal plane of (111)-plane.    USE - Process is used for manufacturing a semiconductor device e.g., solar cell, photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - A crystalline silicon layer covering a porous silicon layer completely is epitaxially grown on the porous layer without causing any abnormal growth. Stratified epitaxial semiconductor layers are stably formed on a porous layer and the semiconductor device is produced in good yield.
(JP2000038472-A)   NOVELTY - The solubility of a doping inorganic acid in methanol fuel during the operation of a fuel cell is reduced by substituting one of the acid's hydrogens with a functional group containing a phenyl group. An imidazole ring-containing polymer is doped with the substituted acid to form a solid polymer electrolyte.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte overcomes the problems of seepage on compression and methanol barrier properties, typically associated with acid doped polymer electrolytes.    (US6124060-A)   NOVELTY - The solubility of a doping inorganic acid in methanol fuel during the operation of a fuel cell is reduced by substituting one of the acid's hydrogens with a functional group containing a phenyl group. An imidazole ring-containing polymer is doped with the substituted acid to form a solid polymer electrolyte.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte overcomes the problems of seepage on compression and methanol barrier properties, typically associated with acid doped polymer electrolytes.
(US6114058-A)   NOVELTY - The alloy composition contains 13-22 wt % of aluminum, 2-8 wt % of chromium, 0.1-4 wt. % of M where M is selected from Zr and Hf, and 1 wt. % of boron or carbon and remaining amount of iron and incidental impurities. The aluminide alloy is resistant to corrosion, when exposed to 500-800 degrees C, when surface of alloy is exposed to reducing gas and another surface is exposed to oxidizing atmosphere.    USE - For container for solid oxide fuel cell for turbine plant.    ADVANTAGE - The alloy possesses significantly improved corrosion resistance at elevated temperature in both oxidizing and reducing environment simultaneously during operation of fuel cells and hence facilitates longer service life. By including carbon, weldability of alloys is improved.
(US6103138-A)      NOVELTY - A silicon group thin film contains 1 ppm or more of phosphorus atoms. The diffraction strength due to (220) plane (measured by X-ray or electron diffraction) is 30% or more of the total diffraction strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Manufacture of formation of the silicon group thin film. The silicon group thin film is formed on a substrate by plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). (ii) Manufacture of a photovoltaic cell.    USE -   For photovoltaic cell (claimed) such as solar battery, sensor, image pick-up element etc. The photovoltaic cell has a conductive substrate on which two or more silicon group semiconductor layers (having different conductivity) are formed (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The photovoltaic cell has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and the grain boundary of the silicon thin film is deactivated by the phosphorus atoms.
(DE19827879-C1)   NOVELTY - A deflection chamber (4) interconnects the outlet end (1a) of the oxidation stage (1) to the inlet end (2a) of the reformer (2) stage.    USE - A methanol reformer, e.g. producing hydrogen for a fuel cell powered vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A compact, low-weight, relatively inexpensive unit is formed. High hydrogen yield is achieved and hydrogen selectivity is increased. Because oxidation and reforming stages are separated, control becomes relatively simple. Controlling just the oxidant supply, will be seen to alter the ratio of oxidation to reforming rates. Autothermal operation is readily set up in this way.
(WO9960650-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell membrane/electrode unit has electrodes sandwiching a proton conductor comprising a temperature stable electrolyte-saturated non woven micro fiber material.    USE - As a membrane/electrode unit for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The unit retains the advantages of per fluorinated ionomer membranes while having reduced production costs, reducing noxious substances on disposal and providing temperature resistance at up to 200degreesC for reducing the effects of catalyst poisons to allow the use of hydrogen fuel produced by internal reforming of methanol or direct oxidation of methanol.    (EP1088361-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell membrane/electrode unit has electrodes sandwiching a proton conductor comprising a temperature stable electrolyte-saturated non woven micro fiber material.    USE - As a membrane/electrode unit for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The unit retains the advantages of per fluorinated ionomer membranes while having reduced production costs, reducing noxious substances on disposal and providing temperature resistance at up to 200degreesC for reducing the effects of catalyst poisons to allow the use of hydrogen fuel produced by internal reforming of methanol or direct oxidation of methanol.    (CN1294762-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell membrane/electrode unit has electrodes sandwiching a proton conductor comprising a temperature stable electrolyte-saturated non woven micro fiber material.    USE - As a membrane/electrode unit for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The unit retains the advantages of per fluorinated ionomer membranes while having reduced production costs, reducing noxious substances on disposal and providing temperature resistance at up to 200degreesC for reducing the effects of catalyst poisons to allow the use of hydrogen fuel produced by internal reforming of methanol or direct oxidation of methanol.
(WO9960648-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good operational safety.    (EP1086504-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good operational safety.
(EP1087836-A1)   NOVELTY - Modified nano-particulate transition metal or alloy colloids which are dispersible in organic solvents and/or water are produced by the reaction of a product obtained by reacting a group 6-11 transition metal compound with an organometallic compound or treating a pre-synthesized nano-particulate transition metal or alloy colloid with an organometallic compound with a modifier which has protolytic action, introduces C,C-, C,N- or C,O- multiple bonds or reacts with metal-carbon bonds via Lewis acid-base interactions.    USE - The modified colloids are useful as surface coatings, in sol-gel processes, as hydrogenation or oxygen transfer catalysts (optionally on carriers), as electrocatalysts in fuel cells, especially those based on platinum/ruthenium or platinum/tin colloids, or in ink jet printing and laser etching. Modified iron, cobalt and nickel colloids are useful for magneto-optical information storage and as fluids in magnetic fluid sealants, while modified iron colloids are also useful as magnetic cell labels or for magnetic cell separation.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides modified colloids which have improved dispersibility in a wide variety of solvents, including water, without decomposition of the metal particles when high metal concentrations are present.
(CN1240302-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor thin film (2) is peeled away from its substrate (1) without damage, the substrate being held without contamination    USE - For solar cells.    (JP2000077693-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor thin film (2) is peeled away from its substrate (1) without damage, the substrate being held without contamination    USE - For solar cells.    (US6258666-B1)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor thin film (2) is peeled away from its substrate (1) without damage, the substrate being held without contamination    USE - For solar cells.    (US2001018949-A1)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor thin film (2) is peeled away from its substrate (1) without damage, the substrate being held without contamination    USE - For solar cells.
(US6187464-B1)   NOVELTY - The method for activating polymer electrolyte type fuel cell comprising unit cell(s) configured by including proton conductive polymer electrolyte, an electrolyte layer having catalytic activity arranged on both surfaces of electrolyte and a gas supplying bath. The method involves enhancing the catalytic activity of electrode and/or giving a wetting condition to the electrolyte.    USE - For activating an electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an easy and highly effective method for activating the fuel cell by preventing the deterioration in the cell performance due to CO poisoning or restoring the deteriorated cell performance. Reduces the delay in demonstrating the cell performance due to the water-repelling property of the electrolyte membrane.
(WO9960647-A1)   NOVELTY - A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit (34) of a fuel cell system.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical energy can be economically and environmentally produced.    (EP1082774-A1)   NOVELTY - A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit (34) of a fuel cell system.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical energy can be economically and environmentally produced.
(EP1007472-A1)   NOVELTY - A non-polluting production of hydrogen and electrical energy from ethanol coming from biomass comprises reacting 40-70 wt.%, preferably, 50-60 wt.% ethanol with air in oxygen:ethanol = 0-0.5 (molar) in the presence of a catalyst, where in the same or another reactor, a shift reaction follows; separating hydrogen from the gas mixture and feeding it into a fuel cell to produce electrical energy.    USE - For the production of hydrogen and electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - No harmful emissions to the environment are produced in any of the stages in the process. The efficiency of fuel cells used approaches 70%. It is twice that of thermal engines.
(JP2000200616-A)   NOVELTY - A material for solid polyelectrolyte comprises a multi-segmented fluoropolymer containing 2 or more fluoropolymer segments differing in monomer compositions, wherein at least 1 of the fluoropolymer segments has sulfonic acid type functional groups.    USE - The material is particularly useful as a solid polyelectrolyte which is suitable for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such material has ion conductivity and improved mechanical strength and durability.    (EP1091435-A1)   NOVELTY - A material for solid polyelectrolyte comprises a multi-segmented fluoropolymer containing 2 or more fluoropolymer segments differing in monomer compositions, wherein at least 1 of the fluoropolymer segments has sulfonic acid type functional groups.    USE - The material is particularly useful as a solid polyelectrolyte which is suitable for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Such material has ion conductivity and improved mechanical strength and durability.
(DE19983182-T)   NOVELTY - Porous support layer comprises a carbon fiber substrate which has 75-95% of total pore volume defining hydrophobic pores coated with 0.2-0.6 grams of hydrophobic substance and 5-25% of total pore volume defining hydrophilic pores. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores are integrated throughout the substrates (40, 42).    USE - For facilitating transport of gaseous and liquid fluids within electrochemical cell such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Additional liquid water is supplied to anode through hydrophilic pores of porous support layer to prevent dry out of PEM. The porous support layer facilitates simultaneous transport of gaseous and liquid fluids throughout the fuel cell and is utilized on either anode or cathode side of the fuel cell.
(EP1082772-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrolyzers (2) are equipped with electrically conductive bus bars and rectifiers (3) forming hydrogen as byproduct. The fuel cells are fed with hydrogen and air under pressure. The fuel cells are directly connected to electrolyzers in parallel or serially by bus bars without interposition of any voltage converter or adjuster.    USE - For direct integration of fuel cells in electrochemical plant such as chlor-alkali plants, chlorate electrolysis and hydrochloric acid electrolysis or refinery plants.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy integration of fuel cells in electrochemical plants with the final result of substantially decreasing the overall electric power consumption through the recovery of hydrogen.
(US6162707-A)   NOVELTY - Semiconductor material selected from a group consisting of Si, Ge, GaAr and SiC, and alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Cs, K, Rb, Li, Na, Fr and Lb are deposited on a patterned substrate. Then, the compound film (20) is formed by simultaneously laser ablating semiconductor material and thermal evaporating the alkali material in oxygen environment.    USE - For use in solar cell, field emission flat panel display, electron guns, cold cathode electron guns, photocathode.    ADVANTAGE - Enables intrinsically easy manufacture and offers a real possibility for economic field emission display.    (US6235615-B1)   NOVELTY - Semiconductor material selected from a group consisting of Si, Ge, GaAr and SiC, and alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Cs, K, Rb, Li, Na, Fr and Lb are deposited on a patterned substrate. Then, the compound film (20) is formed by simultaneously laser ablating semiconductor material and thermal evaporating the alkali material in oxygen environment.    USE - For use in solar cell, field emission flat panel display, electron guns, cold cathode electron guns, photocathode.    ADVANTAGE - Enables intrinsically easy manufacture and offers a real possibility for economic field emission display.
(EP1070363-A2)   NOVELTY - A closed end ceramic fuel cell tube is manufactured by bonding an unfired end cap to the end of an unfired tube and firing to form a sintered tube.    USE - The product is preferably the air electrode of a solid oxide fuel cell, preferably formed of doped lanthanum manganite.    ADVANTAGE - A leak-tight seal is formed with a porosity matching that of the wall. The method provides a high yield.
(EP1082218-A1)   NOVELTY - A glass-ceramic coating is formed on a substrate by depositing a first layer of glass powder and binder, adding a thicker laminar layer of glass powder and binder and heat treating.    USE - In forming a high performance seal between confronting faces of adjacent separator plates in a planar solid oxide fuel cell stack. (claimed).
(EP1074057-A1)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) is contacted with the catalytic anode of an electrolytic cell, and reacts to form elemental sulfur, protons and electrons. Water or hydrogen is formed in the cathode chamber. The temperature of anode and cathode chambers is at least 120 degreesC and are maintained at an elevated pressure sufficient to keep the membrane moist.    USE - In a fuel cell for generating electrical energy with H2S as a feed.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen sulfide is converted to sulfur with the concurrent production of electrical energy.
(JP2000138067-A)   NOVELTY - A first coating layer of first electroconductive material is formed on a base and on the face of the separator (30) that contacts another fuel cell component member when incorporated in the fuel cell. A second coating of second electroconductive material covers at least part of the first coating layer.    USE - A gas separator for a fuel cell used between adjacent cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has sufficiently high corrosion resistance, and can be fabricated from an inexpensive material such as stainless steel or aluminum.
(EP1080498-A1)   NOVELTY - Reflectors (30B-30D) are arranged between the solar cells (4) mounted on a substrate, in an array. The reflectors are laminated plastic sheet with light reflection coating. The laminated sheet has multiple V-grooves, inclined at angle of 25-35 degrees, with the top cover and base substrate, so that total internal reflection on solar cells is performed.    USE - For high power generation plants (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The power output of photovoltaic solar cell module is increased, by the internal reflecting reflectors, arranged between the cells. Manufacturing method of solar module is improved and made easy.
(US6103024-A)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material comprises 75-95 atomic percent magnesium, 5-15 atomic% nickel, 0.5-6 atomic% molybdenum and at least one additional element chosen from aluminum, carbon, calcium, cerium, cobalt, chromium, copper, dysprosium, iron, lanthanum, manganese, neodymium, silicon, titanium, vanadium and zirconium.    USE - The mechanically alloyed hydrogen storage material is used in thermal, electrochemical hydrogen storage applications, in heat pumps or as fuel cell storage material.    ADVANTAGE - The mechanically alloyed hydrogen storage material does not need any crushing and has uniform particle size. The material has high hydrogen storage capacity and good hydriding and dehydriding ability during hydrogen storage. The material has a good pressure-composition isotherm indicative of pressure change versus time during hydriding and dehydriding processes.    (EP1082469-A1)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen storage material comprises 75-95 atomic percent magnesium, 5-15 atomic% nickel, 0.5-6 atomic% molybdenum and at least one additional element chosen from aluminum, carbon, calcium, cerium, cobalt, chromium, copper, dysprosium, iron, lanthanum, manganese, neodymium, silicon, titanium, vanadium and zirconium.    USE - The mechanically alloyed hydrogen storage material is used in thermal, electrochemical hydrogen storage applications, in heat pumps or as fuel cell storage material.    ADVANTAGE - The mechanically alloyed hydrogen storage material does not need any crushing and has uniform particle size. The material has high hydrogen storage capacity and good hydriding and dehydriding ability during hydrogen storage. The material has a good pressure-composition isotherm indicative of pressure change versus time during hydriding and dehydriding processes.
(US6248465-B1)   NOVELTY - Sintered complex oxide ceramic body having a perovskite crystal structure consists of a specified composition.    USE - Used as a separating element in solid electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ceramic body has high sinter density, high stability in an atmosphere having a low oxygen partial pressure at high temperatures, low phase transition temperature and a heat expansion coefficient which is the same as that of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide solid electrolyte.
(US6122960-A)   NOVELTY - Accelerometers and magnetometers are attached to subject and outputs acceleration of subjects movement and magnetic field value in which subject is present. A microprocessor processes output of the accelerometer and magnetometer along with gravity field value for every change in subject's rotation to compute incremental rotation angles (ddelta) about an axis in reference plane coordinate system.    USE - For measuring speed, distance and height traversed by joggers, athletes, swimmer. For measuring durability of orthopedic or prosthetic device such as artificial hips to assist physician and engineer in matter of materials used, hip design and surgical techniques employed. To detect and diagnose range of movements of patient. To track movement of golf ball, baseball and other recreation devices. For tracking movement of animals during cattle grazing and wild life preservation. For tracking virtual movements for graphic positioning, animation and display.    ADVANTAGE - By resetting the accelerometer, gravity value can be directly read to eliminate error caused in calculation by the effect of gravity on the tracking system.
(JP2000277788-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module (11) is formed of cells (4) encapsulated with a resin on a back substrate (1) with an anode (6a) and a cathode (6b) busbar. A roof panel (12) is formed of a module, a metallic mounting member (13), a foamable polystyrene back bearing member (22) and a support fitting (15) mounted on a flange section (14). The panel is mounted so that the cathode busbar is on the higher, ridge side and the anode busbar is on the lower, eaves side of a building.    USE - The photovoltaic module installation structure is used for exposing a module to solar energy on a roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - The system ensures that even if rainwater seeps into the module, the more susceptible cathode is less likely to be corroded earlier than the anode.    (US6242685-B1)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module (11) is formed of cells (4) encapsulated with a resin on a back substrate (1) with an anode (6a) and a cathode (6b) busbar. A roof panel (12) is formed of a module, a metallic mounting member (13), a foamable polystyrene back bearing member (22) and a support fitting (15) mounted on a flange section (14). The panel is mounted so that the cathode busbar is on the higher, ridge side and the anode busbar is on the lower, eaves side of a building.    USE - The photovoltaic module installation structure is used for exposing a module to solar energy on a roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - The system ensures that even if rainwater seeps into the module, the more susceptible cathode is less likely to be corroded earlier than the anode.
(CN1267790-A)   NOVELTY - The ball at the tip of each runner (3) provided in the radiation direction, centers around the intersection of the axis of rotation of a main shaft (5) of the runner and the axis of a vane shaft. The maximum radius of the tip when projecting on a plane which intersects perpendicularly with the main shaft during operation reduces.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Eases disassembly of runner and runner boss for checking. Reduces leakage of water from tip side of each runner, thus enabling control of efficiency reduction of machine and occurrence of cavitation due to leakage of water.
(US6147294-A)   NOVELTY - The array (3) has 2 support members (4,6) one co-extensive in area with the other and overlying the other. The second is flexible while the first possesses a stiffness characteristic greater than the corresponding stiffness characteristic of the second. A bias unit, carried by the first, pushes opposite ends of the second towards one another to outwardly bow the second.    USE - As a D-wing deployable solar array with an increased power to weight ratio.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the power to weight ratio of the solar array and enhances the electrical power generation on board a spacecraft with minimal or no requirement for increasing launch weight.
(JP2000307143-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes a substrate (15) and several solar cells (13) arranged in a plane on the substrate. Connector (16) electrically connects the solar cells to each other to form a power generating circuit. Single transparent cover sheet (11) made of a cerium-containing glass, covers the solar cells and the connector. The solar cells are bonded to the cover sheet via an adhesive layer (12). The sheet has projections for positioning the cells.    USE - In solar cell panels for electric power generation    ADVANTAGE - Improved ease of handling and installation    (US6262358-B1)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes a substrate (15) and several solar cells (13) arranged in a plane on the substrate. Connector (16) electrically connects the solar cells to each other to form a power generating circuit. Single transparent cover sheet (11) made of a cerium-containing glass, covers the solar cells and the connector. The solar cells are bonded to the cover sheet via an adhesive layer (12). The sheet has projections for positioning the cells.    USE - In solar cell panels for electric power generation    ADVANTAGE - Improved ease of handling and installation
(JP2000294818-A)   NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion layer converts incident light into an electric signal. The diffraction layer, present on the opposite side of the conversion layer to the incident light, reflects the light passing through the conversion layer.    USE - Thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improved optical absorption efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The devices can be manufactured inexpensively.
(TW425723-A)   NOVELTY - A MOS transistor performs focal blur prevention of the video, based on which collector and base connected with power supply collects electric charges during active time. The collected charge is amplified, based on which the emitter forwards an electronic signal to an external circuit.    USE - For semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates video blur and reduces video delay.
(JP2000308696-A)   NOVELTY - An ergo meter comprises a frame and a power transmission system (2) driving a rotating flywheel (3) which is made of or coated with a conductive or magnetic material. A braking arrangement (4) adjusts the rotation resistance of the wheel. The braking arrangement comprises a fixed mass magnetic brake element (8) at an adjustable distance from the flywheel. It moves in a direction parallel with the cross-sectional plane of the wheel and parallel with the radius.    USE - In an ergo meter bike, stepper etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables controlling of the calibration of the ergo meter every day, user friendly, simple calibration, load force can be read with greater accuracy, inexpensive to produce.
(JP2000262038-A)   NOVELTY - The loading device includes a rotor (20) and a coaxial stator (11) between which there is a gap. The stator has a core (12) and exciting coils (13), whilst the rotor includes a ferromagnetic body, such as a steel plate, and a low resistance conductor. The conductor faces the core of the stator.    USE - Adjustable loading device.    ADVANTAGE - Is easily adjustable and applies a large braking force.
(JP3200592-B2)   NOVELTY - The walking of pedestrian (2) is sensed and analyzed by a computer (9). When the pedestrian is detected to be walking in arbitrary directions, a mechanism (3) rotates belt mechanism (1), so that the pedestrian is always at the center of the belt.    USE - Walk sensation generation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The pedestrian can naturally walk on the belt, as the belt is adjusted such that the pedestrian is always at the center of it.
(EP1045455-A2)   NOVELTY - The current generation circuit has a number of chains of solar cells (10-32) connected in series, with the bypass diodes (50,52,54,56,58,60), connected in parallel across each chain, connected in series with one another. Further diodes (64,66,68,70) are connected in parallel across each group of 2 or 3 series bypass diodes.    USE - The circuit is used for autonomous generation of an electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The power loss resulting from the bypass diodes is reduced.    (JP2000315808-A)   NOVELTY - The current generation circuit has a number of chains of solar cells (10-32) connected in series, with the bypass diodes (50,52,54,56,58,60), connected in parallel across each chain, connected in series with one another. Further diodes (64,66,68,70) are connected in parallel across each group of 2 or 3 series bypass diodes.    USE - The circuit is used for autonomous generation of an electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The power loss resulting from the bypass diodes is reduced.    (US6225793-B1)   NOVELTY - The current generation circuit has a number of chains of solar cells (10-32) connected in series, with the bypass diodes (50,52,54,56,58,60), connected in parallel across each chain, connected in series with one another. Further diodes (64,66,68,70) are connected in parallel across each group of 2 or 3 series bypass diodes.    USE - The circuit is used for autonomous generation of an electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The power loss resulting from the bypass diodes is reduced.
(WO200042318-A1)   NOVELTY - Depth of turbine in water is sensed, based on which an ascend or descend protocol is invoked. The invoked protocol lifts the turbine to a preset depth between set maximum and minimum levels, by initiating the lift adjusting mechanism of hydrofoil.    USE - For controlling the tethered, water current driven turbine of hydroelectric power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Since depth of turbine is stabilized, power generation is maximized upto the peak operating efficiency of the generator, consistent with water current speed. Improves safety during shutdown, as the pitch of rotor blades is adjusted such that drag force loading of device does not exceed maximum design level.
(EP1052846-A2)   NOVELTY - A photodetector is operatively coupled to a reset device. A comparator (54) is triggered when the photodetector potential reaches a threshold level. The photodetector is reset based on the output of comparator.    USE - In mega-pixel digital still camera.    ADVANTAGE - Since a counter is not integrated in the pixel, the pixel can be made small. The dynamic range of the pixel sensor can be extended.    (JP2001008101-A)   NOVELTY - A photodetector is operatively coupled to a reset device. A comparator (54) is triggered when the photodetector potential reaches a threshold level. The photodetector is reset based on the output of comparator.    USE - In mega-pixel digital still camera.    ADVANTAGE - Since a counter is not integrated in the pixel, the pixel can be made small. The dynamic range of the pixel sensor can be extended.
(DE19859076-A1)   NOVELTY - The generator has a housing (2) accommodating several radiation sources (3a to 3e) which are wide-band, non-selective sources that emit both short and long wavelength radiation. The sources may be fuel-based emitters. In the spaces between the emitters, photocells (7a to 7d) are arranged. The photocells are enclosed by a cooling device (8a to 8d) to prevent overheating. The photocells are transparent, so that radiation that is not absorbed passes through the photocells to a further fuel-based emitter. The photocells thus filter the required wavelengths themselves.    USE - For electric current generation.    ADVANTAGE - Radiation not absorbed in the semiconductor material of the first photocell is not wasted, but is absorbed by a further radiation source. More efficient, and requires less cooling. Non-selective radiation sources can be used.
(US6118067-A)   NOVELTY - The concentrator comprises two hinged sections, each comprising cell, radiator and reflector panels (332,320,310). The cell panel comprises a photovoltaic cell for generating electrical power in response to radiation. The cell panel is aligned with the radiator panel at an angle less than 180 degrees but not less than 90 degrees facing the reflective concentrator panel.    USE - To power spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of alternating angles of cell panel edges, facilitates the folding of the panels during pre-deployment and reduces stowed envelope volume. As the radiator panel is flat, the construction of the photovoltaic concentrator is simplified and the overall cost is reduced.
(WO200162146-A1)   NOVELTY - The sensor includes at least one contact area (1) which can be contacted by hand, as well as electric connection devices, and a carrier element (2) which is shaped like a part of a cylindrical shell. The carrier element carries the contact area at its upper side, and is equipped with at least one groove (3) to hold the electric connection devices. The carrier element preferably includes elastic webs (4,5) at its side for releasable attachment to a tube.    USE - E.g. for training or sports instrument. Can be mounted on step exerciser, exercise bicycle or running band.    ADVANTAGE - Provides simple design, simple and reliable use, and simplified assembly.
(US6145308-A)   NOVELTY - The turbine includes a control valve which generates a control signal based on hydraulic signal obtained from speed changes of blades and pressure dropping orifice (114). A hydraulic pump driven by blades, produces pressurized fluid output to drive the load and has a displacement control element which responds to the control signal to vary the displacement of hydraulic pump.    USE - For generating power to drive aircrafts during emergency.    ADVANTAGE - As pressure dropping orifice is provided, emergency power output is not varied depending on temperature variation during sustained flight and so emergency power to maintain flight control of aircraft when propulsion engines are not operating, is constant. As turbulence producing structures are provided in orifice, constant coefficient of discharge of fluid through the orifice is enabled.
(US6239505-B1)   NOVELTY - A cylindrical base chamber (38) with inflow duct (66) integrally formed at its upper end, has outwardly flared flume ring (72) attached to its outlet. Arcuately spaced turbine blades (80) have inner edge (86) following a helical path around a turbine shaft (78), parabolic upper edge (84), straight lower edge (90) and outer edge (95) shaped corresponded with inner surface of flared outlet flume ring (72).    USE - For hydroelectric generator.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces residual kinetic energy loss and improves generation efficiency as vertical outflow through the lower end of flume ring is caused. Minimizes cost as expensive draft tubes is not used. The water quality impairment of land water tank water is improved, as better aeration and mixing is caused by the blade shape and flume ring, as the water is discharged.
(JP2000145073-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell panel is placed on a slope in such a way the lower edge extension (8a) and the bottom side of upper solar panel overlaps the top side and upper edge extension (20c) of lower solar cell panel respectively to provide waterproofness and sealing by packing material.    USE - For solar cell panel.    ADVANTAGE - The overlapping structure of panels with packing materials provides waterproofness and full sealing. Since the roofing structure has embankment formed on each longitudinal side of roofing panel, rain water does not enter into the void between panels.
(US6238186-B1)   NOVELTY - Single or both sides of a plate (1) is shaped suitably. Then, forming of shaped plate (2) is performed to produce a vane (3) of specific shape.    USE - For manufacturing vanes used in pump, impeller, water turbine, pump turbine, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Vane manufacturing time is greatly reduced as the plate is shaped suitably before forming process.
(JP2000226917-A)   NOVELTY - The roof structure has a solar cell module (1) above a roof base of a building. An electrical wire (7) for the module is provided in a space between the module and the roof base and extends through a hole (8) in the roof base. A base sealing member (9) on the roof base covers the through hole. The electrical wire extends through an exit in a portion of the base sealing member that is not just over the hole in the base member.    USE - Photovoltaic power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Waterproofing and fire-prevention are improved.    (CN1269452-A)   NOVELTY - The roof structure has a solar cell module (1) above a roof base of a building. An electrical wire (7) for the module is provided in a space between the module and the roof base and extends through a hole (8) in the roof base. A base sealing member (9) on the roof base covers the through hole. The electrical wire extends through an exit in a portion of the base sealing member that is not just over the hole in the base member.    USE - Photovoltaic power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Waterproofing and fire-prevention are improved.
(DE19910532-A1)   NOVELTY - The module (1) with an outer plate, an inner plate (3) and an intermediate layer with embedded solar cells (6) joined electrically with one another by means of several conductors (8, 9) is characterized by the fact that several such conductors are permanently joined to a common connection system incorporating a multi-polar plug connector (10).    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module manufacture is simplified. The module whose thickness is reduced can be safely handled without endangering its electric connection system. Openings leading to the intermediate layer can be sealed in an effective and simple manner.    (JP2000174314-A)   NOVELTY - The module (1) with an outer plate, an inner plate (3) and an intermediate layer with embedded solar cells (6) joined electrically with one another by means of several conductors (8, 9) is characterized by the fact that several such conductors are permanently joined to a common connection system incorporating a multi-polar plug connector (10).    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module manufacture is simplified. The module whose thickness is reduced can be safely handled without endangering its electric connection system. Openings leading to the intermediate layer can be sealed in an effective and simple manner.    (US6235984-B1)   NOVELTY - The module (1) with an outer plate, an inner plate (3) and an intermediate layer with embedded solar cells (6) joined electrically with one another by means of several conductors (8, 9) is characterized by the fact that several such conductors are permanently joined to a common connection system incorporating a multi-polar plug connector (10).    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module manufacture is simplified. The module whose thickness is reduced can be safely handled without endangering its electric connection system. Openings leading to the intermediate layer can be sealed in an effective and simple manner.
(JP3156682-B2)   NOVELTY - The semiconductor laser has active region (14) containing arsenic whose side portion is exposed or covered by an implanting layer (60). A mesa stripe is formed on active region. A wide gap semiconductor layer (58) is formed inside mesa stripe from side of active region. The thickness of semiconductor layer is below threshold film thickness and more than wavelength to the side of active region.    USE - In e.g. semiconductor laser.    ADVANTAGE - Since thickness of semiconductor layer is below threshold film thickness, defective degree is not produced.
(WO200110506-A1)   NOVELTY - The dumbbell has a tubular main body having two ends, the first end has a concave surface, the second end has a flat surface and supports several function switches. A main shaft positioned on the axis of the tubular main body, the main shaft attached between the first and the second end. A D.C. motor in the main body, the motor spaced from and rotatable around the main shaft, the rotation of the motor around the shaft generates strong vibrations of the dumbbell.    USE - For electronic exercising dumbbell.    ADVANTAGE - Dumbbell weight is light and factor because stimulation and toning of muscles of body relies upon vibration produced by variable centrifugal force of an eccentrically mounted D.C. motor within the housing of dumbbell.
(US6042517-A)   NOVELTY - The magnetic resistance device(10) comprises a rotatable shaft, fixed housing and a magnetic resistive force member engaged with rotatable shaft. magnets are engaged with the housing and disposed on one side the magnetic resistive force member. The magnets are disposed in alternating polarity around the magnetic resistive force member. Magnetic fields are formed between the magnets to create eddy currents within the magnetic force resistive member.    USE - Resistance device which utilize a magnetic force to provide resistive force e.g. as with bicycle trainers.    ADVANTAGE - Is easy to manufacture, operate and provides an effective resistive force for the user of the trainer.
(EP1045987-A1)   NOVELTY - The installation includes a wind wheel, water wheel (3), two solar plates (1,1A) and wind and current plate (4). Also bearings (11), floats (14), turn table (5), base plate and legs (7) are included which works together to convert four natural resources to electric power suitably.    USE - For electric power generator used in natural resources such as rain, wind, wave and solar energy for use in water and also in lands. Also for use in e.g. car manufacturing factories, chemical producing plants, machine workshops, oil wells, oil refineries.    ADVANTAGE - Electric power generation is not interrupted even without one or two resources.    (CN1279745-A)   NOVELTY - The installation includes a wind wheel, water wheel (3), two solar plates (1,1A) and wind and current plate (4). Also bearings (11), floats (14), turn table (5), base plate and legs (7) are included which works together to convert four natural resources to electric power suitably.    USE - For electric power generator used in natural resources such as rain, wind, wave and solar energy for use in water and also in lands. Also for use in e.g. car manufacturing factories, chemical producing plants, machine workshops, oil wells, oil refineries.    ADVANTAGE - Electric power generation is not interrupted even without one or two resources.
(EP1065141-A2)   NOVELTY - Two conductors (68) are arranged to respective opposite surfaces of planar solar cell. An interconnector mounts bypass diode (84) on solar cell such that it is spaced apart from beveled edge at one of the four corner locations of the cell. A phantom triangular-shaped element is defined which completes its ordinary outline. The bypass diode is triangular and sized to fill the void defined by this element.    USE - For solar cell assembly of solar panel used in spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The unique robust construction of solar cell assembly reduces cost and improves efficiency, by combining cell interconnector and diode.    (JP2001030999-A)   NOVELTY - Two conductors (68) are arranged to respective opposite surfaces of planar solar cell. An interconnector mounts bypass diode (84) on solar cell such that it is spaced apart from beveled edge at one of the four corner locations of the cell. A phantom triangular-shaped element is defined which completes its ordinary outline. The bypass diode is triangular and sized to fill the void defined by this element.    USE - For solar cell assembly of solar panel used in spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The unique robust construction of solar cell assembly reduces cost and improves efficiency, by combining cell interconnector and diode.
(DE19838463-C2)   NOVELTY - The current generator has pipes (5) leading from a low level to altitude at which, after heating by solar energy, a medium containing water rises and emits water in the upper region by condensation by cooling with cold air. The water acts via a down pipe on a turbine connected to a current generator. The medium containing water is the ambient air. Heating rods (7) are mounted in the pipes and the air is additionally heated in the valley by black-painted surfaces (2) exposed to the sun.    USE - For current generation with artificially generated water on high mountains or towers.    ADVANTAGE - Operates in a very environmentally friendly manner and without external power supplies.    (WO200144657-A1)   NOVELTY - The current generator has pipes (5) leading from a low level to altitude at which, after heating by solar energy, a medium containing water rises and emits water in the upper region by condensation by cooling with cold air. The water acts via a down pipe on a turbine connected to a current generator. The medium containing water is the ambient air. Heating rods (7) are mounted in the pipes and the air is additionally heated in the valley by black-painted surfaces (2) exposed to the sun.    USE - For current generation with artificially generated water on high mountains or towers.    ADVANTAGE - Operates in a very environmentally friendly manner and without external power supplies.
(EP1105177-A1)   NOVELTY - The device has air supplied by a compliant bag (1) provided with a switch (1d) which controls the valve (2g) opening when the bag volumes reaches its lowest limit (Vmin) so as to connect the ejector (2) to the nitrogen source (4), to inject nitrogen and suck up ambient air into the ejector and fill up the compliant bag with oxygen-deficient air at ambient pressure and drawn from the respirator (3). The valve (2f) controls ambient air suction into the ejector and adjusts the oxygen content of the air inside the compliant bag. The bag is repeatedly filled up to 10 times per minute depending on the amount of air drawn, each time the bag volume reaches its lowest limit.    USE - Used for sports training sessions to simulate breathing at high altitude.    ADVANTAGE - Improves respiration.
(JP3187374-B2)      NOVELTY - Permanent magnets (24) are provided in skid surface of mat (10). The magnets are fixed to the metal casing (22). An antiskid surface (18) is formed on other side of the mat. The skid surface of the mat is retained in position on the internal surface of mat such that the permanent magnets are attracted by the internal surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mat (10) is made of a flexible material. The metal case and the main section of the mat are fixed to the mat by bolts (32).    USE -   To secure scaffolding used for repair-maintenance of water turbine casing and penstock in hydel power plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Mat curves and slides easily on the internal surface of water turbine casing and penstock so that worker performs inspection and adjustment operations safely. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded sectional view of part of antiskid mat. (10) Mat; (18) Antiskid surface; (22) Metal casing; (24) Permanent magnets; (32) Bolts.
(JP2000091837-A)   NOVELTY - The combined photovoltaic array and RF reflector is formed of a deployable solar array and a deployable perimeter truss reflector within a single structure, defining a deployable perimeter truss reflector and solar array combination. Giving a pliant reflective mesh, serving as the RF reflector located on one circular end of the truss (3), with the solar array (7) located at the other end.    USE - As a combined photovoltaic array and RF reflector within a single foldable structure.    ADVANTAGE - The structure occupies a storage space slightly larger than the folding perimeter truss reflector alone but substantially less storage space than separate solar array and reflector apparatus. Obviates the complications resulting from using two structures, such as shadowing and eliminates the need for sun-tracking electronic systems using with existing solar arrays.    (US6150995-A)   NOVELTY - The combined photovoltaic array and RF reflector is formed of a deployable solar array and a deployable perimeter truss reflector within a single structure, defining a deployable perimeter truss reflector and solar array combination. Giving a pliant reflective mesh, serving as the RF reflector located on one circular end of the truss (3), with the solar array (7) located at the other end.    USE - As a combined photovoltaic array and RF reflector within a single foldable structure.    ADVANTAGE - The structure occupies a storage space slightly larger than the folding perimeter truss reflector alone but substantially less storage space than separate solar array and reflector apparatus. Obviates the complications resulting from using two structures, such as shadowing and eliminates the need for sun-tracking electronic systems using with existing solar arrays.
(EP1045454-A1)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing a high-quality solar cell with an interface free from contamination comprises successively forming in multilayer on a substrate, a transparent electrode film, an amorphous silicon film, and a metal electrode film and etching them to a desired pattern by using a resist film having two thicknesses. Solar cell elements are insulated from each other through a predetermined protective film, and a conductive paste is applied over the protective film to electrically connect the solar cell elements in series.    USE - Solar cell manufacture.    (JP11552748-X)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing a high-quality solar cell with an interface free from contamination comprises successively forming in multilayer on a substrate, a transparent electrode film, an amorphous silicon film, and a metal electrode film and etching them to a desired pattern by using a resist film having two thicknesses. Solar cell elements are insulated from each other through a predetermined protective film, and a conductive paste is applied over the protective film to electrically connect the solar cell elements in series.    USE - Solar cell manufacture.
(NL1009418-C2)   NOVELTY - The roofing element (1) comprises of a solar cell (4) glued onto a transparent rigid plate (6), all the three arranged similar to that of several roofing tiles (2) overlappingly arranged relative to each other in rows and/or columns. The solar cell corresponds to the color of the rigid plate and is coated with a transparent covering material.    USE - In roof covering assembly of house and/or building for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Fewer roofing elements are required since the elements are overlappingly arranged relative to each other. Since fewer elements are required, fewer electrical connections are needed. Roof covering is less susceptible to failure and is inexpensive. The solar cell is protected from external weather influences by the rigid plate and thus the life of the solar cell is prolonged.    (EP1088349-A1)   NOVELTY - The roofing element (1) comprises of a solar cell (4) glued onto a transparent rigid plate (6), all the three arranged similar to that of several roofing tiles (2) overlappingly arranged relative to each other in rows and/or columns. The solar cell corresponds to the color of the rigid plate and is coated with a transparent covering material.    USE - In roof covering assembly of house and/or building for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Fewer roofing elements are required since the elements are overlappingly arranged relative to each other. Since fewer elements are required, fewer electrical connections are needed. Roof covering is less susceptible to failure and is inexpensive. The solar cell is protected from external weather influences by the rigid plate and thus the life of the solar cell is prolonged.
(JP2000150937-A)   NOVELTY - The light receiving surface of a solar battery cell includes a surface electrode composed of a grid electrode (2), a bar electrode (3) and connector electrodes and textures are formed in a texture region except for a site where the surface electrode is formed. Textures formed in a peripheral portion have different dimensions than those formed in an inside portion of the peripheral portion.    USE - Manufacturing solar battery cell with a non-reflecting configuration.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces crack and cleavage formation in the texture structure.
(DE19963583-A1)   NOVELTY - The aqua trainer has a concrete base, an entrance (1) and an exit (2). Movement is on a maintenance-free, selective running surface with running belt (4) and damping (3). A BioLife water treatment system (Patent No. 195465287.4/09) (8) ensures healthy water. Control panel (7), a used water collection container (11), a pump and a fresh water container (12) are also provided. Systems can be static or portable.    USE - For training people and animals, especially for horses.    ADVANTAGE - Developed to enable cost-effective static treatment and recuperation with training in water whilst protecting the body to the maximum extent.
(WO200011347-A1)   NOVELTY - At least one converter receives and converts the energy, and a conductor system leads the energy forwards and backwards, and a mechanical storage unit accumulates the converted energy. The converter comprises a collector for solar energy as thermal one. The installation contains an optical assembly for coupling solar energy according to the instantaneous sun position. Pref. the collector comprises a thermally conductive plate, located in the focal point of the optical assembly, and a heat exchanger for transmission of the thermal energy.    USE - For small but efficient solar energy conversion installation.    ADVANTAGE - Simple, low-cost design for decentralized, environment friendly energy provision.
(EP1110245-A2)   NOVELTY - An optoelectronic component comprises a pixel(s) having two electrodes (302, 310) for electric coupling with an optoelectronically active material (304, 306, 308) between them. The material is a hybrid sol-gel to which a material affecting optoelectronic properties and a radiation sensitive polymer are chemically attached. The material is hardened and patterned by radiation.    USE - The invention is for LEDs and diode-type detectors based on organic material. The component is used in a display unit or as a backlight (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention avoids weak stability of the components, which results in weak adhesion of the electrode materials, and the complication of the manufacturing process. The process is simple since it is based only on a known manufacturing technique that is economical and easy to control. For example, oxides are always formed on the surface of metals and they constitute a strong bond in the sol-gel material, and thus the component is stable and durable.
(DE19836770-C1)      The method involves splitting up an image plane (1)into a raster of image points, on which is assigned an arrangement of electrical conductors. The imageplane is arranged opposite the measurement conductors (2), to provide a capacitance between each of the image points and measurement conductors. The capacitance is dependent on each relevant image point.     The charge available on the measurement conductor or on a shielding conductor (7,8) is discharged at a storage capacitor (Cs) and, at the same time, the potential difference between the measurement conductor (2) and the shielding conductor is balanced out. The procedure is repeated until the charges accumulated at the storage capacitors are sufficient for a separate measurement of each storage capacitance to be made.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplified technique.
(EP984495-A2)   NOVELTY - The generally rectangular solar cell (1) has two mutually orthogonal sides (9, 11) in plan view adjoined by an oblique side (13). A reverse current protection diode (14) is located in the region bounded by the oblique side and the imaginary projections (9a, 11a) of the two orthogonal sides (9,11).    USE - For protecting solar cells from reverse currents through them, e.g. in a spacecraft or satellite power supply system.    ADVANTAGE - Allows protection to be provided for the individual cells in an array of solar cells without significant loss in the area occupied by the solar cell surfaces.    (JP2000091615-A)   NOVELTY - The generally rectangular solar cell (1) has two mutually orthogonal sides (9, 11) in plan view adjoined by an oblique side (13). A reverse current protection diode (14) is located in the region bounded by the oblique side and the imaginary projections (9a, 11a) of the two orthogonal sides (9,11).    USE - For protecting solar cells from reverse currents through them, e.g. in a spacecraft or satellite power supply system.    ADVANTAGE - Allows protection to be provided for the individual cells in an array of solar cells without significant loss in the area occupied by the solar cell surfaces.
(US6043550-A)      NOVELTY - A n type filter layer (68) formed on a semiconductor substrate, absorbs signal light of longer wavelength and passes signal light of shorter wavelength to center p light reception area (69). The shorter wavelength signal light is passed via pn junction of diffusion shield layer.    USE -   In optical transceiver module of bidirectional optical communication system.    ADVANTAGE -   The necessity of wavelength splitter and signal delay component are eliminated, thus offering the light receiving element suitable for surface mounting. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of light receiving element. (68) n type filter layer; (69) Center p light reception area.
(US6248948-B1)      NOVELTY - The N-type semiconductor layer is divided into several main areas, by forming grooves. The main area of N-type semiconductor layer of electrode of unit cell (101) is electrically connected to the area of adjoining unit cell (102) where the P-type semiconductor layer does not cover, is electrically connected to the N-type semiconductor layer of the adjoining unit cell (103). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery module.    USE -   For use during manufacture of solar battery module used for electric equipment, in home.    ADVANTAGE -   Reliable module output is obtained irrespective of sunlight conditions. Even after long period of exposure, damage to the unit cell and reduction in conversion efficiency does not occur. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top and sectional views of solar battery module. (101-103) Unit cells.
(DE19837019-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises at least one active zone comprises molecules stacked on top of one another. The molecule have at least one n-conducting side and at least one p-conducting side.    USE - Solar cell    (FR2782416-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises at least one active zone comprises molecules stacked on top of one another. The molecule have at least one n-conducting side and at least one p-conducting side.    USE - Solar cell    (DE19837019-C2)   NOVELTY - The solar cell comprises at least one active zone comprises molecules stacked on top of one another. The molecule have at least one n-conducting side and at least one p-conducting side.    USE - Solar cell
(WO200010207-A1)   NOVELTY - The individual blankets (2) are interconnected by hinges vertically w.r.t the unfolding direction of the array (1). The solar cells are fitted in several parallel and series circuits. The current conductor strip system consists of an inner system (4) and an outer one (5) outside of the cell carrying blanket. The parallel circuits are meander-shaped, and the series circuits are U-shaped, electric conductors (10) provide interconnection of cells in the parallel circuits, while conductors (9) carry the current from the inner system to the energy processors of the spacecraft.    USE - For energy supply systems of spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost, flexible, foldable solar generator design.    (EP1110246-A1)   NOVELTY - The individual blankets (2) are interconnected by hinges vertically w.r.t the unfolding direction of the array (1). The solar cells are fitted in several parallel and series circuits. The current conductor strip system consists of an inner system (4) and an outer one (5) outside of the cell carrying blanket. The parallel circuits are meander-shaped, and the series circuits are U-shaped, electric conductors (10) provide interconnection of cells in the parallel circuits, while conductors (9) carry the current from the inner system to the energy processors of the spacecraft.    USE - For energy supply systems of spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost, flexible, foldable solar generator design.
(EP1114470-A1)   NOVELTY - Thin-layer solar cells are produced by coating an organic polymeric supporting material with at least one photovoltaically active layer and annealing them together. The supporting material has glass transition temperature 90-200 degrees C. Coating is carried out below the glass transition temperature and annealing is conducted at 400-600 degrees C using a laser for 0.01-1 s at 2-5000 W/mm2.    USE - The invention is used in the production of thin-layer solar cells, e.g. cadmium/tellurium (CdTe) solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides high efficiency solar cells. It permits the use of flexible films without the polymeric supporting material being damage by high temperatures.
(JP2000031516-A)   NOVELTY - The solar battery units (2,3) are each formed in the shape of a hollow triangular cross-section column. Cells are located underneath outer surface windows (10). Many units can be connected together.    USE - Solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The unit can easily be fixed or placed anywhere, keeping all unsightly wiring to the inside of the column.    (EP1104029-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar battery units (2,3) are each formed in the shape of a hollow triangular cross-section column. Cells are located underneath outer surface windows (10). Many units can be connected together.    USE - Solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The unit can easily be fixed or placed anywhere, keeping all unsightly wiring to the inside of the column.
(EP1060520-A1)   NOVELTY - The rectangular or square frame is made of different profiles (1-3) to accommodate plate-shaped elements or panels. One profile has an L-shaped part (1.1) to support the panel on the rear and to hold it laterally, another profile has only one supporting surface that only supports the panel on the rear. The other profiles have a first U-shaped part open to the panel to accommodate its edge region. One profile has a second U-shaped part (2.1,3.1) open to the front or rear.    USE - For holding plate-shaped tiles e.g. solar modules or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Is simple and cost-effective to manufacture and can be simply used as a roof skin for a sloping roof.
(CN1241038-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (100) is provided with a readable and writable non-volatile memory medium (103) capable of large quantity information storage. Necessary information such as operation histories can readily be recalled.    USE - Solar power generation for modules attached to buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Each cell in a module can be identified with a serial number and relevant information about operation history i.e. maintenance or inspection date etc. can be recalled.    (US6180868-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (100) is provided with a readable and writable non-volatile memory medium (103) capable of large quantity information storage. Necessary information such as operation histories can readily be recalled.    USE - Solar power generation for modules attached to buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Each cell in a module can be identified with a serial number and relevant information about operation history i.e. maintenance or inspection date etc. can be recalled.
(US6175075-B1)      NOVELTY - Module comprises several photovoltaic cells (1001) which are arranged one after another and linked by a connection material (1002). Photovoltaic cell group is then laminated to satisfy the condition B/A=0.003 or 0.045 where `A' is area of one cell and `B' is the sum of area of gaps (1004,1005) between cells.    USE -   In solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   Features a rigid and reliable module suitable for deaeration of photovoltaic cell group during lamination. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of solar battery module. (1001) Photovoltaic cell; (1002) Connection material; (1004,1005) Gaps.
(FR2784653-A1)   NOVELTY - A series of interconnected panels (3-6) are assembled in an elongated, planar span. The innermost panel (3) has a set thickness, and each outward adjacent panel is designed, with a reducing thickness, to provide a uniform distribution of stress along the length of the span.    USE - As a solar array for powering a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the weight of the panel by as much as 20%, while distributing the stresses more evenly over the solar panel array.    (DE19947830-A1)   NOVELTY - A series of interconnected panels (3-6) are assembled in an elongated, planar span. The innermost panel (3) has a set thickness, and each outward adjacent panel is designed, with a reducing thickness, to provide a uniform distribution of stress along the length of the span.    USE - As a solar array for powering a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the weight of the panel by as much as 20%, while distributing the stresses more evenly over the solar panel array.    (JP2000138392-A)   NOVELTY - A series of interconnected panels (3-6) are assembled in an elongated, planar span. The innermost panel (3) has a set thickness, and each outward adjacent panel is designed, with a reducing thickness, to provide a uniform distribution of stress along the length of the span.    USE - As a solar array for powering a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the weight of the panel by as much as 20%, while distributing the stresses more evenly over the solar panel array.
(JP2000035481-A)   NOVELTY - The detector includes an oxide film formed on a side surface of a columnar superconductor (1). A superconductor thin film (2) is provided on the oxide film. The two films extend around the whole circumference of the side surface of the columnar superconductor.    USE - For measuring the energy spectrum of a radiation.    ADVANTAGE - Allows a substrate to be eliminated, thus eliminating a loss, at an interference to a substrate, of quasiparticles or phonons caused within the columnar superconductor by radiation. Reduces the probability that quasiparticles are lost at grain boundaries inside the superconductor.    (US6281497-B1)   NOVELTY - The detector includes an oxide film formed on a side surface of a columnar superconductor (1). A superconductor thin film (2) is provided on the oxide film. The two films extend around the whole circumference of the side surface of the columnar superconductor.    USE - For measuring the energy spectrum of a radiation.    ADVANTAGE - Allows a substrate to be eliminated, thus eliminating a loss, at an interference to a substrate, of quasiparticles or phonons caused within the columnar superconductor by radiation. Reduces the probability that quasiparticles are lost at grain boundaries inside the superconductor.
NOVELTY - The measurement data from sensors (208,210) is transferred to a data collection unit (204) which is associated with a holder (206). The data collection unit processes the measurement data and the processed data are transferred from the data collection unit to a receiver (202) by inductive interaction.    USE - For measuring human organ's function like heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, blood-glucose content, blood-oxygen content, etc., when user exercises with exercise devices like bicycle, watercraft, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Increases data transfer rate to receiver and decreases transmission power necessary for data transfer. Efficient data processing is achieved by transferring measurement data from the sensor to the data collection unit where the data is processed.
(US6156967-A)   NOVELTY - Contacts are respectively formed on the back sides of the two solar cells (100) having shallow junction N on P structure. A transparent ceria-doped cover (202) is provided overlaying a portion of the cells. A transparent adhesive (300) is positioned between the cover and the solar cell. Ribbon interconnects (206) are connected electrically with the contacts.    USE - To power spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - As the contacts are located on the backside of the cells, the front contact area is reduced and the active area is increased. The cover glass reduces stress and provides full cell protection from atomic oxygen and high energy particle radiation effects. As size of the cells are larger, less parts are used to handle, less testing, less waste area and less attrition are achieved therefore cost is reduced. The usage of silicone adhesive provides a space qualified non-darkening resilient surface.
(EP1079898-A1)   NOVELTY - An endless treadmill belt (2) is engaged with rollers (4,3) and comprises evenly spaced treading blocks (7) and is driven by an electric motor operating through a gearing unit, belts (10,6) and pulleys (9,17). Gearing unit is adjusted by user to control the transfer ratio between axles (12,16), while an electromagnetic brake provides a resistive force on the rollers.    USE - For simulating pushing of a large heavy object, such as a vehicle, simulating indoors walking or running, generally for exercising in confined space. Can be used for medical testing , and activity supervision.    ADVANTAGE - Comfortable and natural use of exerciser, to improve variety of stamina, such as power stamina, outburst power, and maximal power. Apparatus activates same combination of muscles as are activated by pushing large and heavy load.
(EP1066653-A1)   NOVELTY - The method for making silicon photoelectric cells uses a metal substrate formed by a metal plate (25) with slits (26,29). Slits are separated by linking points (27) defining the bases of a number of cells. A stack of silicon layers is deposited on the metal plates, and this is followed by a metal coating so as to form a group of unit cells (28a,b,c,d). The group of cells is directly mounted on an interconnecting support (30). The linking points are perforated to separate the cells from the rest of the plate.    USE - Manufacture of group of silicon photoelectric cells.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the manufacture of large area cells at a reduced cost.
(JP2000082839-A)   NOVELTY - There is a p-type semiconductor layer (302) with a first n-type diffusion region (304) formed beneath its surface. A second n-type diffusion region (303) is formed below the first. Different voltage levels are applied to the semiconductor layer and the first diffusion region, which makes the second diffusion region fully depleted. The second diffusion region transfers carriers of electron-hole pairs to the first diffusion region.    USE - For a CMOS image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The photodiode captures photo-generated charges linearly at the initial state. Improves the sensitivity and resolution, especially in bright light.    (US6084259-A)   NOVELTY - There is a p-type semiconductor layer (302) with a first n-type diffusion region (304) formed beneath its surface. A second n-type diffusion region (303) is formed below the first. Different voltage levels are applied to the semiconductor layer and the first diffusion region, which makes the second diffusion region fully depleted. The second diffusion region transfers carriers of electron-hole pairs to the first diffusion region.    USE - For a CMOS image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The photodiode captures photo-generated charges linearly at the initial state. Improves the sensitivity and resolution, especially in bright light.    (TW425716-A)   NOVELTY - There is a p-type semiconductor layer (302) with a first n-type diffusion region (304) formed beneath its surface. A second n-type diffusion region (303) is formed below the first. Different voltage levels are applied to the semiconductor layer and the first diffusion region, which makes the second diffusion region fully depleted. The second diffusion region transfers carriers of electron-hole pairs to the first diffusion region.    USE - For a CMOS image sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The photodiode captures photo-generated charges linearly at the initial state. Improves the sensitivity and resolution, especially in bright light.
(JP2000012889-A)   NOVELTY - The photodiode is formed about an n-type semiconductor substrate (1). An n-type light receiving layer (2) is epitaxially grown on the substrate and a central p-type region (3) formed by diffusion. Diffusion shield p-region (11) is formed in a ring enclosing the central region. A signal p-electrode (4) is then formed on the central p-region and a diffusion-shield p-electrode (13) is formed on the peripheral ring region. A protective film covers the end of the central p-n junction and the ends of the peripheral diffusion shield p-n junctions.    USE - Efficient photodiode.    ADVANTAGE - As well as the central p-n junction and electrode, the photodiode has a peripheral p-n junction covered with a protection layer to prevent self-shortcircuit. A reverse bias is applied to the peripheral electrode making a wide depletion layer beneath the peripheral p-n junction. Extra carriers generated by peripherally incident rays are fully absorbed by the depletion layer and annihilated by the reverse bias.
(CN1237671-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (107) is arranged on a base (105). A closed space (108) is cut off from the air provided between the base and the module.    USE - For generating photovoltaic power on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is easy to construct, inexpensive to install, maintains a good power level as a photovoltaic power generating system, good environmental resistance and improved fire resistance.    (JP2000038819-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (107) is arranged on a base (105). A closed space (108) is cut off from the air provided between the base and the module.    USE - For generating photovoltaic power on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is easy to construct, inexpensive to install, maintains a good power level as a photovoltaic power generating system, good environmental resistance and improved fire resistance.    (US2001008143-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (107) is arranged on a base (105). A closed space (108) is cut off from the air provided between the base and the module.    USE - For generating photovoltaic power on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is easy to construct, inexpensive to install, maintains a good power level as a photovoltaic power generating system, good environmental resistance and improved fire resistance.
(EP1075859-A1)   NOVELTY - The device calculates the body fat percentage (13) of the person in order to determine the fat excepting weight. A target fat excepting weight can be set (16) along with the number of times of exercise (17). An exercise program is selected (21) using all of the supplied information. Load on the machine is adjusted (22) in order to achieve the target weight and keep the heart rate within a threshold.    USE - Automatically adjusting the load on a gym weight machine.    ADVANTAGE - Enables safe and effective training on the equipment.
(EP1075860-A1)   NOVELTY - Human body impedance is measured (11) and personal data is inputted (12) such as height, age, sex etc. A color liquid crystal panel (16) displays the calculated body fat percentage and also is used to calculate a fat-excepting weight (14) which is stored (15).    USE - For displaying physical status whilst on a training machine.    ADVANTAGE - The effect of training using the weight machine is objectively displayed.
(DE19819257-A1)   NOVELTY - The device uses an exercise machine provided with an ergometer, a weighing device and a pulse rate measuring device, each coupled to a personal computer, for storing exercise data throughout the exercise program, e.g. the calculated body mass index.    USE - The device is used for treatment of adiposity or obesity.    ADVANTAGE - The device allows evaluation of the exercise program.    (DE19819257-C2)   NOVELTY - The device uses an exercise machine provided with an ergometer, a weighing device and a pulse rate measuring device, each coupled to a personal computer, for storing exercise data throughout the exercise program, e.g. the calculated body mass index.    USE - The device is used for treatment of adiposity or obesity.    ADVANTAGE - The device allows evaluation of the exercise program.    (EP1075318-A1)   NOVELTY - The device uses an exercise machine provided with an ergometer, a weighing device and a pulse rate measuring device, each coupled to a personal computer, for storing exercise data throughout the exercise program, e.g. the calculated body mass index.    USE - The device is used for treatment of adiposity or obesity.    ADVANTAGE - The device allows evaluation of the exercise program.
(WO200075506-A1)   NOVELTY - Rigid three-dimensional framework built up of similar-type modules is assembled from standard items; sets of floats are installed in several rows both along and perpendicular to operating shaft with one-way rotation clutches provided for each float; the latter are coupled with clutches through flexible links. Auxiliary shafts of transfer mechanisms of different modules are joined through gimbal transmissions. Power plant area, parameters and number of floats are found from formula derived as function of design capacity. Use is made of floats of two optimal shapes for two versions of suspension: on double-arm lever and on vertical section of link closed through four pulleys. Wind-power units, solar energy converters, industrial and dwelling buildings are installed on framework. Wave and wind energy is converted into rotary motion of shaft which transmits it through coupling mechanisms, dispensing boxes, and the like to drives of electric generators, pumps, vacuum disti llation plants, reverse- osmosis demineralizing units, mills, etc. Primary electrical energy having unstable characteristics is used for heating steam, charging storage batteries, for feeding electrolyzers and producing hydrogen which is stored in tanks and used for internal-combustion engines driving other generator whose variables are regulated by means of feedback circuit. Pumps function to convey sea water to tanks above sea surface level and are used for hydroelectric power unit operating as pumped storage plant. The latter is mounted on hinged support or on piles, or on pontoons for regulating framework elevation relative to water surface level which is equipped with wheels for better maneuverability.    USE - Conversion of energy of wind-induced waves in water reservoirs.    ADVANTAGE - Improved efficiency, power capacity, and operating reliability. 25 cl, 14 dwg
(JP2000277788-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module (11) is formed of cells (4) encapsulated with a resin on a back substrate (1) with an anode (6a) and a cathode (6b) busbar. A roof panel (12) is formed of a module, a metallic mounting member (13), a foamable polystyrene back bearing member (22) and a support fitting (15) mounted on a flange section (14). The panel is mounted so that the cathode busbar is on the higher, ridge side and the anode busbar is on the lower, eaves side of a building.    USE - The photovoltaic module installation structure is used for exposing a module to solar energy on a roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - The system ensures that even if rainwater seeps into the module, the more susceptible cathode is less likely to be corroded earlier than the anode.    (US6242685-B1)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module (11) is formed of cells (4) encapsulated with a resin on a back substrate (1) with an anode (6a) and a cathode (6b) busbar. A roof panel (12) is formed of a module, a metallic mounting member (13), a foamable polystyrene back bearing member (22) and a support fitting (15) mounted on a flange section (14). The panel is mounted so that the cathode busbar is on the higher, ridge side and the anode busbar is on the lower, eaves side of a building.    USE - The photovoltaic module installation structure is used for exposing a module to solar energy on a roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - The system ensures that even if rainwater seeps into the module, the more susceptible cathode is less likely to be corroded earlier than the anode.
(EP1085579-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar cell has a structure comprising a pair of electrodes between which are interposed at least two thin layers of semiconductor containing different types and/or concentrations of impurity. A process of producing the thin semiconductor layers comprises applying a silicide-containing liquid composition to a substrate to form a coating, and converting the coating to a silicon layer by heat treatment and/or photochemical processing.    USE - Method of manufacturing solar cell.
(US6147294-A)   NOVELTY - The array (3) has 2 support members (4,6) one co-extensive in area with the other and overlying the other. The second is flexible while the first possesses a stiffness characteristic greater than the corresponding stiffness characteristic of the second. A bias unit, carried by the first, pushes opposite ends of the second towards one another to outwardly bow the second.    USE - As a D-wing deployable solar array with an increased power to weight ratio.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the power to weight ratio of the solar array and enhances the electrical power generation on board a spacecraft with minimal or no requirement for increasing launch weight.
(JP2000307143-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes a substrate (15) and several solar cells (13) arranged in a plane on the substrate. Connector (16) electrically connects the solar cells to each other to form a power generating circuit. Single transparent cover sheet (11) made of a cerium-containing glass, covers the solar cells and the connector. The solar cells are bonded to the cover sheet via an adhesive layer (12). The sheet has projections for positioning the cells.    USE - In solar cell panels for electric power generation    ADVANTAGE - Improved ease of handling and installation    (US6262358-B1)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes a substrate (15) and several solar cells (13) arranged in a plane on the substrate. Connector (16) electrically connects the solar cells to each other to form a power generating circuit. Single transparent cover sheet (11) made of a cerium-containing glass, covers the solar cells and the connector. The solar cells are bonded to the cover sheet via an adhesive layer (12). The sheet has projections for positioning the cells.    USE - In solar cell panels for electric power generation    ADVANTAGE - Improved ease of handling and installation
(JP2000294818-A)   NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion layer converts incident light into an electric signal. The diffraction layer, present on the opposite side of the conversion layer to the incident light, reflects the light passing through the conversion layer.    USE - Thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improved optical absorption efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The devices can be manufactured inexpensively.
(WO200060225-A1)   NOVELTY - The combustor has a cyclonic combustion chamber (3) with a combustion region and two fuel inlets, 1st for entry into chamber of gas and 2nd for the entry of biomass fuel particles for combustion. The chamber is arranged so the heat generated by the secondary fuel will, at least during startup of the combustor, promote fragmentaion of the incoming biomass fuel particles.    USE - As a direct cycle biomass fired gas turbine system with a biomass combustor for the pressurized combustion of the biomass.    ADVANTAGE - Cools the gas rapidly to a temperature that prevents or impedes particle coalescence and growth, most of the ash particles can be made to pass between the turbine blades without contacting the surface of the blades.
(JP2000340814-A)   NOVELTY - An integrated thin film solar battery module is manufactured by decreasing an undesired current path at an exposed surface of a semiconductor layer that is removed subsequent to scribing a second electrode layer.    USE - For manufacturing an integrated thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an integrated thin film solar battery module having a high efficiency.    (US6271053-B1)   NOVELTY - An integrated thin film solar battery module is manufactured by decreasing an undesired current path at an exposed surface of a semiconductor layer that is removed subsequent to scribing a second electrode layer.    USE - For manufacturing an integrated thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an integrated thin film solar battery module having a high efficiency.
(DE19909417-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar collector, comprising hollow or porous fibers internally coated or impregnated with photovoltaic active material, is new.    USE - Especially as a solar collector comprising woven fibers or fibers applied onto a flexible backing layer, e.g. for use on roofs, facades, unproductive land, sand dunes, trees or traffic surfaces.    ADVANTAGE - The design protects the active material against mechanical loads so that the collector has a long service life.
(KR2001006629-A)   NOVELTY - A metal particle layer (14) is formed on a barrier layer (12) for electron movement, which is formed on a metal layer (10). A semiconductor layer (16) contacts the metal particles. An ohmic layer (18) and another metal layer (20) with rectifying surface are formed successively on the semiconductor layer.    USE - The rectifier is used for converting heat in a material into electric energy without application of external energy. Hence used for manufacture of automobile running by heat supplied from air and computer having unlimited lasting power.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains electric energy without input of external energy. Converts thermal energy by rectifying thermally moving electrons between minute metal particle dispersed in a layer and a semiconductor layer. Makes it possible to build apparatus with lasting life to realize e.g. car running by heat from air, computer with unlimited power.
(DE19904459-A1)   NOVELTY - A buoy device (10) generates energy by the movement of water and by floating in the sea. A reference figure (11) denotes horizontal water level. A top part above the water level has a metal ring unit (12) filled with cement. The lower part below the water level has a symmetrically rotating hollow metal body (14).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - This device generates a lot of energy at the lowest possible cost. The highest possible operating level can be achieved with low wave movement.    (EP1075598-A1)   NOVELTY - A buoy device (10) generates energy by the movement of water and by floating in the sea. A reference figure (11) denotes horizontal water level. A top part above the water level has a metal ring unit (12) filled with cement. The lower part below the water level has a symmetrically rotating hollow metal body (14).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - This device generates a lot of energy at the lowest possible cost. The highest possible operating level can be achieved with low wave movement.
(DE19904741-A1)   NOVELTY - In the roadway is positioned containers (13,22) for a fluid. These have compressible chambers positioned across the direction of travel forming part of a circulating system in which is connected a turbine/generator unit (86,85). As a vehicle passes over the compressible chambers it forces fluid to flow in the circulating system and power the turbine    USE - Wherever a vehicle speed has to be reduced, e.g. motorway exits, junctions, on steep gradients, etc    ADVANTAGE - Not harmful to the environment. Simple construction. Energy recovery, therefore economically advantageous.
(WO200047466-A1)   NOVELTY - The airship comprises a gas envelope for providing in use a hull on whose outside are mounted solar cell(3) array. The solar array extend around only a part of the circumference of the hull. The solar cell array can be turned, in use, about the longitudinal hull axis to increase the solar array. The solar cell array is rigidly attached to the airship hull.    USE - An airship with solar cells for powering propulsion.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the number of solar cells required on an airship for power requirements and maximizes the solar radiation collected by allowing the orientation of the cells to be changed.
(EP1045455-A2)   NOVELTY - The current generation circuit has a number of chains of solar cells (10-32) connected in series, with the bypass diodes (50,52,54,56,58,60), connected in parallel across each chain, connected in series with one another. Further diodes (64,66,68,70) are connected in parallel across each group of 2 or 3 series bypass diodes.    USE - The circuit is used for autonomous generation of an electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The power loss resulting from the bypass diodes is reduced.    (JP2000315808-A)   NOVELTY - The current generation circuit has a number of chains of solar cells (10-32) connected in series, with the bypass diodes (50,52,54,56,58,60), connected in parallel across each chain, connected in series with one another. Further diodes (64,66,68,70) are connected in parallel across each group of 2 or 3 series bypass diodes.    USE - The circuit is used for autonomous generation of an electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The power loss resulting from the bypass diodes is reduced.    (US6225793-B1)   NOVELTY - The current generation circuit has a number of chains of solar cells (10-32) connected in series, with the bypass diodes (50,52,54,56,58,60), connected in parallel across each chain, connected in series with one another. Further diodes (64,66,68,70) are connected in parallel across each group of 2 or 3 series bypass diodes.    USE - The circuit is used for autonomous generation of an electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The power loss resulting from the bypass diodes is reduced.
(US6218606-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar batteries (3) are connected in series. A diode is sealed in the electrical opening between solar battery groups (3A), to prevent reverse voltage application.    USE - Double-side irradiation type solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation is inexpensive and efficiency is high, since light energy is absorbed on both sides of the solar cell.    (JP3157502-B2)   NOVELTY - The solar batteries (3) are connected in series. A diode is sealed in the electrical opening between solar battery groups (3A), to prevent reverse voltage application.    USE - Double-side irradiation type solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation is inexpensive and efficiency is high, since light energy is absorbed on both sides of the solar cell.
(WO200034123-A1)   NOVELTY - The generator field (10) consists of several part-fields (11), movably interconnected, stacked in folded state and unfurled in open state. The unfolding assembly comprises a number of longitudinally extending elements (12) which swivel in a plane parallel to that of the generator field. The elements are coupled to the generator field for its unfurling, when they are swiveled. The elements are movably interconnected at their ends by hinged joints (14), or flexible elements.    USE - For spacecraft installed power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Simple, low weight design.
(US6118067-A)   NOVELTY - The concentrator comprises two hinged sections, each comprising cell, radiator and reflector panels (332,320,310). The cell panel comprises a photovoltaic cell for generating electrical power in response to radiation. The cell panel is aligned with the radiator panel at an angle less than 180 degrees but not less than 90 degrees facing the reflective concentrator panel.    USE - To power spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of alternating angles of cell panel edges, facilitates the folding of the panels during pre-deployment and reduces stowed envelope volume. As the radiator panel is flat, the construction of the photovoltaic concentrator is simplified and the overall cost is reduced.
(EP1016827-A2)   NOVELTY - A recuperative burner, having a burner body containing channels for gas supply to and waste gas withdrawal from a combustion chamber (12), is new.    USE - As a radiant burner or in a thermophotovoltaic generator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the combustion chamber is integrated in the burner body, the burner has a simple and compact construction. Additionally, the burner body acts as a counter-current heat exchanger to provide extremely high utilization of waste heat energy for heating the supplied air, fuel or fuel/air mixture and to provide almost complete conversion of the chemical energy of the fuel into heat, thus achieving a higher efficiency than conventional burners.    (DE19860460-C2)   NOVELTY - A recuperative burner, having a burner body containing channels for gas supply to and waste gas withdrawal from a combustion chamber (12), is new.    USE - As a radiant burner or in a thermophotovoltaic generator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Since the combustion chamber is integrated in the burner body, the burner has a simple and compact construction. Additionally, the burner body acts as a counter-current heat exchanger to provide extremely high utilization of waste heat energy for heating the supplied air, fuel or fuel/air mixture and to provide almost complete conversion of the chemical energy of the fuel into heat, thus achieving a higher efficiency than conventional burners.
(EP1129505-A1)   NOVELTY - The cylinder (12) of diameter smaller than that of cylinder (8) is received within and coaxial with cylinder (8). A helical guide channel is provided in one cylinder while wheels arranged to run along the channel, are provided in the other cylinder. The relative rotation of the cylinders about their common axis causes the wheels to run along the channel to cause relative axial movement between cylinders.    USE - For positioning parabolic antenna reflectors, or optical mirrors used to produce heat for power generation or to drive chemical reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The structure enables any desired number of coaxial components to be arranged in telescopic fashion to achieve any desired overall length of actuator. Due to accurate control of actuator it is provided close to the axis about which the dish is required to turn. Enables reduction in force required to turn the dish and as the actuation is further from the axis greater accuracy and control are achieved with reduced strength, therefore reducing cost of axis and structure supporting it.
(US6133644-A)   NOVELTY - The appts. includes a shaft (15) with several blades (2) extending at angular intervals from a segment of its periphery. The blades extend radially only at one end of the shaft. The other end of the shaft is in communication with a power generator which is driven by rotation of the shaft. Gears are fixed to the end of the shaft which is connected to the power generator. The gears regulate the rotations per minute of the power generator from the shaft thus regulating the power of the ocean's surf. The blades which extend from the shaft are partially submerged in the crest of an incoming surf. The blades are driven by the force of the surf, which in turn rotates the shaft. A platform supports the shaft and the power generator. The platform is capable of buoyancy on the ocean's surface and is placed at a predetermined distance from the ocean's shore, adjacent to the surf, and situated in a position which places the shaft in the crest of the incoming surf.    USE - For extracting kinetic energy of ocean surf.    ADVANTAGE - Harnesses energy of ocean by directly tapping into potential energy of surf on seashore. Optimal paddle placement allows paddles to catch maximum amount of surf's energy input and minimize problems of undercurrent feedback.
(WO200063625-A1)   NOVELTY - An array of flat rectangular solar panels are attached along opposite sides of a torsion tube (32) which defines a north-south axis. The torsion tube is journalled in a pivot of a pier, so as to permit the solar panels to be rocked on north-south axis to follow motion of the sun relative to earth. A linear actuator (42) is located at a distance spaced from the pier.    USE - For utility interactive power system, power supply for remote or unmanned site, cellular phone switch-site power supply or village power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Enables controlling multiple rows of solar panels, using a single actuator.
(EP1126337-A1)   NOVELTY - Timepiece has a solar cell (8) with power generation units (39), each formed by providing, in a mutually overlapping manner, a first electrode, an optical generation layer and a second electrode in that order on a solar cell substrate (31). The power generated by the solar cell (8) is used for an energy source for displaying time on a time display unit consisting of a dial (14) and pointers (5,6) or a liquid crystal display panel (50).    USE - Timepiece with solar power source.    ADVANTAGE - Does not require batteries to drive time display unit.
(EP1126528-A2)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises two planar or corrugated plates (1,2) connected by a surrounding seal (3) at a spacing of 2 - 20 mm, to form a hollow chamber (4) which contains a number of photovoltaic cells (5). The latter are adhered to one of the two plates, and the plate that holds them is transparent.    USE - The arrangement is used as a photovoltaic element, e.g. for covering and illuminating bus stops.    ADVANTAGE - The element is simple to produce and is resistant to chemical and mechanical influences.    (US2001015220-A1)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises two planar or corrugated plates (1,2) connected by a surrounding seal (3) at a spacing of 2 - 20 mm, to form a hollow chamber (4) which contains a number of photovoltaic cells (5). The latter are adhered to one of the two plates, and the plate that holds them is transparent.    USE - The arrangement is used as a photovoltaic element, e.g. for covering and illuminating bus stops.    ADVANTAGE - The element is simple to produce and is resistant to chemical and mechanical influences.
(US6232543-B1)   NOVELTY - The power device (10) comprises several thermo couples, which are electrically connected in series. The electricity generation voltage of power device is measured. A controller switches power supply to load (20) based on generated voltage. When power is supplied to load through controller for more than a predetermined time, the compensation unit adjusts the electricity generation voltage.    USE - For electronic clock and other portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Supply or stoppage of power to load are optimally controlled based on electricity generation voltage, hence output power is utilized effectively.    (WO200150586-A1)   NOVELTY - The power device (10) comprises several thermo couples, which are electrically connected in series. The electricity generation voltage of power device is measured. A controller switches power supply to load (20) based on generated voltage. When power is supplied to load through controller for more than a predetermined time, the compensation unit adjusts the electricity generation voltage.    USE - For electronic clock and other portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Supply or stoppage of power to load are optimally controlled based on electricity generation voltage, hence output power is utilized effectively.
(DE19923449-A1)   NOVELTY - The flying body is designed for essentially fixed positioning up to the stratosphere with equipment (2) suitable for holding it at a predefined altitude using aerostatic buoyancy and or an aerodynamic effect. There is equipment for maintaining longitudinal and lateral positions and an arrangement for supplying it with energy via electromagnetic waves from a supply station. The supply arrangement has at least one photoelectric converter (1) that can be pivoted so that the active surface of the converter is positioned optimally towards the incident electromagnetic radiation.    USE - For data acquisition and transmission, e.g. for message and television transmissions.    ADVANTAGE - Enables wireless supply from a supply station by electromagnetic waves with optimal positioning of the active surface of a photoelectric converter towards the incident electromagnetic radiation.    (DE19923450-A1)   NOVELTY - The flying body is designed for essentially fixed positioning up to the stratosphere with equipment (2) suitable for holding it at a predefined altitude using aerostatic buoyancy and or an aerodynamic effect. There is equipment for maintaining longitudinal and lateral positions and an arrangement for supplying it with energy via electromagnetic waves from a supply station. The supply arrangement has at least one photoelectric converter (1) that can be pivoted so that the active surface of the converter is positioned optimally towards the incident electromagnetic radiation.    USE - For data acquisition and transmission, e.g. for message and television transmissions.    ADVANTAGE - Enables wireless supply from a supply station by electromagnetic waves with optimal positioning of the active surface of a photoelectric converter towards the incident electromagnetic radiation.
(WO200026923-A1)   NOVELTY - An electrically conductive and optically transparent material consists of a high bandwidth oxidic semiconductor in the form of a three-dimensional porous lattice.    USE - Claimed uses of the material are in (i) dispersing it in dry form in a polymer and injection molding the product or applying it as a layer on a substrate; (ii) dispersing it together with a binder in a liquid, applying the suspension to a substrate and drying to form an electrically-conductive layer; and (iii) dispersing it in a polymer or an adhesive and using the product as an adhesive. Typical uses are in optically transparent electrodes for solar cells; with glass or polycarbonates as 'smart windows'; as flat image screens, light detectors or sensors; as electrochromic devices; or as electrically-conductive components which can be used without an additional electrically-conductive coating as electromagnetic screens.    ADVANTAGE - The material combines electrical conductivity and high porosity (and hence low density) with high optical transparency. Unlike the filler material of DE4228608 it is not itself strongly colored and can thus be colored without any variation or clouding of the desired color.
(JP2000206272-A)   NOVELTY - The thermoelectric generating timepiece comprises a heat radiating case (104) which is thermally connected to a cold pole (1011) of a thermoelectric generator (101). A heat absorbing case (106) is thermally connected to a hot pole (1012) of the generator. An insulating case (105) is located to insulate between the absorbing and radiating portions of the case. A band (107) for attaching the timepiece to a wrist also assists in increasing the temperature difference applied to the generator.    USE - Charging an accumulator using the Seebeck effect for powering the timepiece.    ADVANTAGE - The heat absorbing band and case are integrated so as to minimize losses of heat flow and improve device efficiency.
(WO200028264-A1)   NOVELTY - The concentrator (1) comprises of a spiral horn (2), where the solar energy incident over wide range of incident angles on mouth of the horn is concentrated by multiple reflections from inner walls of the horn to emerge from exit aperture (3) at center of horn.    USE - Concentrating solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar energy concentrator is combined with energy distributor and conversion chamber.
(WO200020806-A1)   NOVELTY - The radiation collector has a mirror surface (2) of essentially concave shape, a radiation absorber (8) and an opening (9). The maximum distance between two points on the mirror surface, viewed in cross-section, is greater than the width of the opening. The mirror surface can have light inlet and light outlet openings.    USE - For photo voltaic cell in a solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Developed so that a very large proportion of the energy incident on the collector is absorbed by the radiation absorber.
(US6091159-A)   NOVELTY - The platform consists of at least one deformable bladder (10) containing a volume of hydraulic fluid compressed by the weight of the moving vehicle (12). A circulation assembly is in fluid communication with the bladder receiving the fluid forced from within the bladder and feeding it back into it. A generator is connected to the circulation assembly in order to convert the mechanical energy of circulating fluid into electric energy. The energy platform system is embedded into the roadway (16) surface.    USE - In energy recovery systems from moving vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Saves fossil fuels and protects the environment.
(EP1045987-A1)   NOVELTY - The installation includes a wind wheel, water wheel (3), two solar plates (1,1A) and wind and current plate (4). Also bearings (11), floats (14), turn table (5), base plate and legs (7) are included which works together to convert four natural resources to electric power suitably.    USE - For electric power generator used in natural resources such as rain, wind, wave and solar energy for use in water and also in lands. Also for use in e.g. car manufacturing factories, chemical producing plants, machine workshops, oil wells, oil refineries.    ADVANTAGE - Electric power generation is not interrupted even without one or two resources.    (CN1279745-A)   NOVELTY - The installation includes a wind wheel, water wheel (3), two solar plates (1,1A) and wind and current plate (4). Also bearings (11), floats (14), turn table (5), base plate and legs (7) are included which works together to convert four natural resources to electric power suitably.    USE - For electric power generator used in natural resources such as rain, wind, wave and solar energy for use in water and also in lands. Also for use in e.g. car manufacturing factories, chemical producing plants, machine workshops, oil wells, oil refineries.    ADVANTAGE - Electric power generation is not interrupted even without one or two resources.
(US6053239-A)   NOVELTY - A secondary conduit (32) has a portion for carrying water from a geothermal energy device (30) to the terminal receiver, and having a portion for carrying the water from the terminal receiver to a primary water line (14) at its inlet. A terminal receiver device and the two portions of the secondary conduit device providing a return line circuit (66) in hydraulic parallel to the primary water line.    USE - In geothermal energy utilization.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves the economy and ecology characteristics.
(EP1065141-A2)   NOVELTY - Two conductors (68) are arranged to respective opposite surfaces of planar solar cell. An interconnector mounts bypass diode (84) on solar cell such that it is spaced apart from beveled edge at one of the four corner locations of the cell. A phantom triangular-shaped element is defined which completes its ordinary outline. The bypass diode is triangular and sized to fill the void defined by this element.    USE - For solar cell assembly of solar panel used in spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The unique robust construction of solar cell assembly reduces cost and improves efficiency, by combining cell interconnector and diode.    (JP2001030999-A)   NOVELTY - Two conductors (68) are arranged to respective opposite surfaces of planar solar cell. An interconnector mounts bypass diode (84) on solar cell such that it is spaced apart from beveled edge at one of the four corner locations of the cell. A phantom triangular-shaped element is defined which completes its ordinary outline. The bypass diode is triangular and sized to fill the void defined by this element.    USE - For solar cell assembly of solar panel used in spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - The unique robust construction of solar cell assembly reduces cost and improves efficiency, by combining cell interconnector and diode.
(EP1115976-A1)   NOVELTY - The appts. comprises a number of buoyant cylinders (2,3,4) connected into an articulated chain-like structure (1). The couplings (5a,5b) between the cylinders contain hydraulic rams (33,34,35) which resist and extract power from the relative rotational movements of the cylinders. The transverse axes of rotation are skewed from the horizontal and vertical by a roll bias angle which is selected to optimize the dynamic response to incoming waves. The bias is applied by differential ballasting the cylinders or by mooring constraints.    USE - Extraction of power from sea waves.    ADVANTAGE - Maximizes power recovery whilst ensuring survival in extreme weather conditions.
(US6239350-B1)   NOVELTY - An alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) cell (10) utilizes beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) tube (28) for preventing electrical shorting problems formerly associated with liquid anode operation.    USE - For preventing electrical shorting problems formerly associated with liquid anode operation.    ADVANTAGE - The converter has better electrical conduction to the BASE electrode and has the capability to use longer BASE tube as well as isothermal BASE tubes. It also has higher densities and a small but adequate temperature gradient, thus preventing any liquid alkali metal from shorting the BASE tube to a grounded component.    (EP1118091-A2)   NOVELTY - An alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) cell (10) utilizes beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) tube (28) for preventing electrical shorting problems formerly associated with liquid anode operation.    USE - For preventing electrical shorting problems formerly associated with liquid anode operation.    ADVANTAGE - The converter has better electrical conduction to the BASE electrode and has the capability to use longer BASE tube as well as isothermal BASE tubes. It also has higher densities and a small but adequate temperature gradient, thus preventing any liquid alkali metal from shorting the BASE tube to a grounded component.
(US6066902-A)   NOVELTY - The switch arrangement includes at least one power electronic switch (12,14), and a control circuit for regulating the operation of the power electronic switch. There is a thermoelectric generator (18) for producing electric power from the heat generated by the electronic power switching device, or by another power electronic switch. This supplies the generated electric power to the control circuit.    USE - For electric power converter.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement uses heat generated by the electronic switches, to generate electric power for use by the control circuitry.    (JP2000151374-A)   NOVELTY - The switch arrangement includes at least one power electronic switch (12,14), and a control circuit for regulating the operation of the power electronic switch. There is a thermoelectric generator (18) for producing electric power from the heat generated by the electronic power switching device, or by another power electronic switch. This supplies the generated electric power to the control circuit.    USE - For electric power converter.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement uses heat generated by the electronic switches, to generate electric power for use by the control circuitry.
(WO200017518-A1)   NOVELTY - The apparatus uses a reservoir (1) with a non return valve (2) for admitting water at a pressure in excess of the water already in the reservoir. A second reservoir (3) adjoins the first and is separated by a dividing wall, a second non return valve (4) in the second reservoir releases water at a wave trough. A power generator (7,8,9) between the two reservoirs operates in response to a pressure difference and consists of a pump (9) driven by a water wheel (7), the apparatus feeds a common conduit (11) connected to a high level reservoir and turbine generator.    USE - Apparatus for harnessing water wave energy.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus uses water wave energy without the need to be located on the surface of the reservoir. A number of systems can be used together at different levels in the reservoir before passing the water to main reservoir and generator.
(DE19838460-A1)   NOVELTY - The arrangement has a number of light sensitive elements (10,11,12) in a row in one direction and a shadow mask (15) with transparent and non-transparent regions in the light path at a distance before the elements, which produce an output signal dependent on the angle of incidence. The regions are separated by a boundary perpendicular to the first direction. The angle of incidence is derived from the number of fully shaded elements and the fraction of shadowing of the partially shaded elements.    USE - For determining the angle of incidence of a light source, especially the sun, e.g. for aligning satellites or solar generators    ADVANTAGE - The simple arrangement is very accurate.    (US6274862-B1)   NOVELTY - The arrangement has a number of light sensitive elements (10,11,12) in a row in one direction and a shadow mask (15) with transparent and non-transparent regions in the light path at a distance before the elements, which produce an output signal dependent on the angle of incidence. The regions are separated by a boundary perpendicular to the first direction. The angle of incidence is derived from the number of fully shaded elements and the fraction of shadowing of the partially shaded elements.    USE - For determining the angle of incidence of a light source, especially the sun, e.g. for aligning satellites or solar generators    ADVANTAGE - The simple arrangement is very accurate.
(EP1045454-A1)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing a high-quality solar cell with an interface free from contamination comprises successively forming in multilayer on a substrate, a transparent electrode film, an amorphous silicon film, and a metal electrode film and etching them to a desired pattern by using a resist film having two thicknesses. Solar cell elements are insulated from each other through a predetermined protective film, and a conductive paste is applied over the protective film to electrically connect the solar cell elements in series.    USE - Solar cell manufacture.    (JP11552748-X)   NOVELTY - Manufacturing a high-quality solar cell with an interface free from contamination comprises successively forming in multilayer on a substrate, a transparent electrode film, an amorphous silicon film, and a metal electrode film and etching them to a desired pattern by using a resist film having two thicknesses. Solar cell elements are insulated from each other through a predetermined protective film, and a conductive paste is applied over the protective film to electrically connect the solar cell elements in series.    USE - Solar cell manufacture.
(NL1009418-C2)   NOVELTY - The roofing element (1) comprises of a solar cell (4) glued onto a transparent rigid plate (6), all the three arranged similar to that of several roofing tiles (2) overlappingly arranged relative to each other in rows and/or columns. The solar cell corresponds to the color of the rigid plate and is coated with a transparent covering material.    USE - In roof covering assembly of house and/or building for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Fewer roofing elements are required since the elements are overlappingly arranged relative to each other. Since fewer elements are required, fewer electrical connections are needed. Roof covering is less susceptible to failure and is inexpensive. The solar cell is protected from external weather influences by the rigid plate and thus the life of the solar cell is prolonged.    (EP1088349-A1)   NOVELTY - The roofing element (1) comprises of a solar cell (4) glued onto a transparent rigid plate (6), all the three arranged similar to that of several roofing tiles (2) overlappingly arranged relative to each other in rows and/or columns. The solar cell corresponds to the color of the rigid plate and is coated with a transparent covering material.    USE - In roof covering assembly of house and/or building for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Fewer roofing elements are required since the elements are overlappingly arranged relative to each other. Since fewer elements are required, fewer electrical connections are needed. Roof covering is less susceptible to failure and is inexpensive. The solar cell is protected from external weather influences by the rigid plate and thus the life of the solar cell is prolonged.
(WO200008692-A1)   NOVELTY - The lamp (24) comprises a wick (22) above which is mounted a thermoelectric converter (C). Within this is mounted a series of thermocouples which convert the heat emitted by the wick into an electrical voltage sufficient enough to power a transistor or a radio.    USE - Portable gas or petrol powered lamp for camping, expeditions or as a means of providing simple electrical power to remote or disaster stricken areas.    ADVANTAGE - The lamp is simple to run and manufacture and produces a more efficient use of the fuel by providing both lighting and power.    (EP1112598-A1)   NOVELTY - The lamp (24) comprises a wick (22) above which is mounted a thermoelectric converter (C). Within this is mounted a series of thermocouples which convert the heat emitted by the wick into an electrical voltage sufficient enough to power a transistor or a radio.    USE - Portable gas or petrol powered lamp for camping, expeditions or as a means of providing simple electrical power to remote or disaster stricken areas.    ADVANTAGE - The lamp is simple to run and manufacture and produces a more efficient use of the fuel by providing both lighting and power.
(JP2000065760-A)   NOVELTY - An electromagnetic radiating source produces infrared radiation which illuminates the substrate and cover glass at a predetermined azimuth angle. The azimuth angle is varied such that the substrate and cover glass are illuminated at a number of azimuth angles. The substrate and the cover glass reflect portions of the incident electromagnetic radiation. A radiation detector collects portions of the reflected radiation and creates images therefrom which include indicia representative of the defect in the substrate and the crack in the cover glass.    USE - For detecting defect n substrate and crack in cover glass, e.g. solar cells covering substrate.    ADVANTAGE - Can differentiate between cracks in a solar cell and cracks in a cover glass over the solar cell providing a consistent detection and differentiation of cracks without requiring manual inspection.    (US6111638-A)   NOVELTY - An electromagnetic radiating source produces infrared radiation which illuminates the substrate and cover glass at a predetermined azimuth angle. The azimuth angle is varied such that the substrate and cover glass are illuminated at a number of azimuth angles. The substrate and the cover glass reflect portions of the incident electromagnetic radiation. A radiation detector collects portions of the reflected radiation and creates images therefrom which include indicia representative of the defect in the substrate and the crack in the cover glass.    USE - For detecting defect n substrate and crack in cover glass, e.g. solar cells covering substrate.    ADVANTAGE - Can differentiate between cracks in a solar cell and cracks in a cover glass over the solar cell providing a consistent detection and differentiation of cracks without requiring manual inspection.
(JP2000058929-A)   NOVELTY - A thermoelectric rectifier material comprises cobalt antimonide doped with a specified quantity of nickel.    USE - As an n-type semiconductor material in a thermoelectric rectifier module.    ADVANTAGE - The material has high power capability over a wide temperature range (50-600 degrees C), exhibits a stable n-type conductivity with low fluctuations caused by composition variations, is chemically stable, is simple and inexpensive to produce by conventional sintering and is less expensive than prior art Pd doped materials.
(WO200010207-A1)   NOVELTY - The individual blankets (2) are interconnected by hinges vertically w.r.t the unfolding direction of the array (1). The solar cells are fitted in several parallel and series circuits. The current conductor strip system consists of an inner system (4) and an outer one (5) outside of the cell carrying blanket. The parallel circuits are meander-shaped, and the series circuits are U-shaped, electric conductors (10) provide interconnection of cells in the parallel circuits, while conductors (9) carry the current from the inner system to the energy processors of the spacecraft.    USE - For energy supply systems of spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost, flexible, foldable solar generator design.    (EP1110246-A1)   NOVELTY - The individual blankets (2) are interconnected by hinges vertically w.r.t the unfolding direction of the array (1). The solar cells are fitted in several parallel and series circuits. The current conductor strip system consists of an inner system (4) and an outer one (5) outside of the cell carrying blanket. The parallel circuits are meander-shaped, and the series circuits are U-shaped, electric conductors (10) provide interconnection of cells in the parallel circuits, while conductors (9) carry the current from the inner system to the energy processors of the spacecraft.    USE - For energy supply systems of spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost, flexible, foldable solar generator design.
(JP2000031516-A)   NOVELTY - The solar battery units (2,3) are each formed in the shape of a hollow triangular cross-section column. Cells are located underneath outer surface windows (10). Many units can be connected together.    USE - Solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The unit can easily be fixed or placed anywhere, keeping all unsightly wiring to the inside of the column.    (EP1104029-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar battery units (2,3) are each formed in the shape of a hollow triangular cross-section column. Cells are located underneath outer surface windows (10). Many units can be connected together.    USE - Solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The unit can easily be fixed or placed anywhere, keeping all unsightly wiring to the inside of the column.
(CN1241038-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (100) is provided with a readable and writable non-volatile memory medium (103) capable of large quantity information storage. Necessary information such as operation histories can readily be recalled.    USE - Solar power generation for modules attached to buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Each cell in a module can be identified with a serial number and relevant information about operation history i.e. maintenance or inspection date etc. can be recalled.    (US6180868-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (100) is provided with a readable and writable non-volatile memory medium (103) capable of large quantity information storage. Necessary information such as operation histories can readily be recalled.    USE - Solar power generation for modules attached to buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Each cell in a module can be identified with a serial number and relevant information about operation history i.e. maintenance or inspection date etc. can be recalled.
(US6127619-A)   NOVELTY - The thermoelectric material comprises: at least two different finally divided materials with at least one material having low melting point of at most 300 degrees C; optional present binder resin; and optional dopant are combined to form P or N type thermoelectric material on curing.    USE - Used in thermoelectric modules (claimed) to produce thermoelectric coolers, thermoelectric power generator, temperature sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The thermoelectric material has good mechanical strength, flexibility, chemical stability and temperature stability. The thermoelectric material has good efficiency, high performance thermoelectric modules.
NOVELTY - The wave exploitation system comprises a wave house (2) of rectangular shape with a wave receiver (1) inside. A shovel corresponding to an excavator bucket is fitted on a piston rod driving a piston (5) in a cylinder (4). Friction reduction rollers (10) are fitted to a receiver, while valves (7a,7b) leading in and out with a main valve (6) to release air at predetermined pressure.    USE - For exploiting wave energy.    ADVANTAGE - The system is efficient, reliable and a reasonable solution in exploiting this energy source.    (EP1105644-A1)   NOVELTY - The wave exploitation system comprises a wave house (2) of rectangular shape with a wave receiver (1) inside. A shovel corresponding to an excavator bucket is fitted on a piston rod driving a piston (5) in a cylinder (4). Friction reduction rollers (10) are fitted to a receiver, while valves (7a,7b) leading in and out with a main valve (6) to release air at predetermined pressure.    USE - For exploiting wave energy.    ADVANTAGE - The system is efficient, reliable and a reasonable solution in exploiting this energy source.
(EP1088161-A1)   NOVELTY - Plant uses catch plate front edges of each wave catch (21) located higher up than catch plate (23a, b and c) front edge of preceding wave catch so several conversion steps are created set in as waves amplitude and energy content increase, so waves energy is used optimally over a very large interval. Cover plates ensure that water of passing waves is led into the wave converter without any waste.    USE - As a plant for utilizing the energy in the waves present at a given time in a section of a water area, such as an ocean or lake.    ADVANTAGE - The plant can utilize the average energy in the waves better and with less construction costs than existing known systems.    (ZA200007240-A)   NOVELTY - Plant uses catch plate front edges of each wave catch (21) located higher up than catch plate (23a, b and c) front edge of preceding wave catch so several conversion steps are created set in as waves amplitude and energy content increase, so waves energy is used optimally over a very large interval. Cover plates ensure that water of passing waves is led into the wave converter without any waste.    USE - As a plant for utilizing the energy in the waves present at a given time in a section of a water area, such as an ocean or lake.    ADVANTAGE - The plant can utilize the average energy in the waves better and with less construction costs than existing known systems.
(US6175075-B1)      NOVELTY - Module comprises several photovoltaic cells (1001) which are arranged one after another and linked by a connection material (1002). Photovoltaic cell group is then laminated to satisfy the condition B/A=0.003 or 0.045 where `A' is area of one cell and `B' is the sum of area of gaps (1004,1005) between cells.    USE -   In solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   Features a rigid and reliable module suitable for deaeration of photovoltaic cell group during lamination. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of solar battery module. (1001) Photovoltaic cell; (1002) Connection material; (1004,1005) Gaps.
(JP2000029926-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves acquiring solar cell module information. Installation surface information is then acquired for an installation surface where the solar cell module is to be installed. The installation condition is acquired. The installation information is calculated to arrange the solar cell module on the installation surface on the basis of previous information acquired. Installation information is then output.    USE - For designing an installation layout of solar cell modules on an installation surface in a photovoltaic power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures that the entire solar panel roofing board module fits within an installable area of the roof since a solar panel cannot be cut. Ensures that the roof looks attractive by placing the panels in a repetitive pattern. Satisfies the rated condition of an electric device to be connected to the panel modules.    (CN1248070-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves acquiring solar cell module information. Installation surface information is then acquired for an installation surface where the solar cell module is to be installed. The installation condition is acquired. The installation information is calculated to arrange the solar cell module on the installation surface on the basis of previous information acquired. Installation information is then output.    USE - For designing an installation layout of solar cell modules on an installation surface in a photovoltaic power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures that the entire solar panel roofing board module fits within an installable area of the roof since a solar panel cannot be cut. Ensures that the roof looks attractive by placing the panels in a repetitive pattern. Satisfies the rated condition of an electric device to be connected to the panel modules.
(EP1112597-A1)   NOVELTY - Self aligning method for forming contact metallization in a solar cell comprises coating a surface (41) of a semiconductor substrate (11) with dielectric or surface masking layer(s) (12) containing dopants of opposite polarity to those used in the surface of the substrate. This layer acts or is modifiable in situ to act as a surface passivation layer and/or metallization mask.    USE - For forming contact metallization in a solar cell. The method is particularly applicable in photovoltaic device manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - The method can achieve the same performance as buried contact solar cell on float zone material. On thermally sensitive material that includes many types of commercial grade substrates, the method minimizes the wafer's exposure to high temperatures and reduces the time needed for the thermal processes to lead to a higher performance compared to a buried contact solar cell. Application of the method to the light receiving surface and to the rear surface produces a bifacial solar cell of high performance.
(WO200057486-A1)   NOVELTY - A curved Fresnel lens (11) is removably positioned between upper edges of walls with snap fasteners. The solar cells (28) are positioned on the base of a heat sink in optical communication with the Fresnel lens, where the walls of elongated housing are clipped together. The Fresnel lens is snapped to the walls.    USE - For assembly of modular solar energy converter in field itself.    ADVANTAGE - Saves cost incurred in shipping, labor and components, since solar energy converter is assembled within field itself. The use of snap fasteners minimizes the number of fastening parts that need to be used, hence minimizing time and effort needed to assemble the solar energy converter.
(FR2784653-A1)   NOVELTY - A series of interconnected panels (3-6) are assembled in an elongated, planar span. The innermost panel (3) has a set thickness, and each outward adjacent panel is designed, with a reducing thickness, to provide a uniform distribution of stress along the length of the span.    USE - As a solar array for powering a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the weight of the panel by as much as 20%, while distributing the stresses more evenly over the solar panel array.    (DE19947830-A1)   NOVELTY - A series of interconnected panels (3-6) are assembled in an elongated, planar span. The innermost panel (3) has a set thickness, and each outward adjacent panel is designed, with a reducing thickness, to provide a uniform distribution of stress along the length of the span.    USE - As a solar array for powering a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the weight of the panel by as much as 20%, while distributing the stresses more evenly over the solar panel array.    (JP2000138392-A)   NOVELTY - A series of interconnected panels (3-6) are assembled in an elongated, planar span. The innermost panel (3) has a set thickness, and each outward adjacent panel is designed, with a reducing thickness, to provide a uniform distribution of stress along the length of the span.    USE - As a solar array for powering a satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the weight of the panel by as much as 20%, while distributing the stresses more evenly over the solar panel array.
(EP1108140-A1)   NOVELTY - The pressure maintained within a casing (12) of a generator (10) must always be kept less than the minimum hydrostatic pressure applied by the waves, so that a membrane cover (16) responds to the different pressures and is displaced up and down. The pressures are constantly measured by inner and outer pressure gauges (40,41) to control the operation of an electric reversible suction pump (44) for lowering the internal pressure and a relief valve (46) to increase the pressure. The membrane cover operates a piston (52), compressing air in a cylinder to drive a turbine (24).    USE - Converting energy of sea waves into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Providing offshore submerged energy generator. Generator can be self-contained i.e. working in closed cycles, without any external intervention, servicing, controls etc.
(US6075203-A)   NOVELTY - Photovoltaic cell comprises a top layer and a bottom layer both having an electrically conductive layer, and semiconductor layer(s) consisting of titanium dioxide particles having a size of 0.1-10 microns and are aggregates of crystallites having a size of less than 100 x 10-9 meter.    USE - Photovoltaic cells are useful in small electronic devices, e.g. calculators and watches.    ADVANTAGE - The use of large, porous titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles allows for safe and easy handling of the particles and also retains the high photovoltaic efficiency of nanometer-sized TiO2.    (EP1086476-A2)   NOVELTY - Photovoltaic cell comprises a top layer and a bottom layer both having an electrically conductive layer, and semiconductor layer(s) consisting of titanium dioxide particles having a size of 0.1-10 microns and are aggregates of crystallites having a size of less than 100 x 10-9 meter.    USE - Photovoltaic cells are useful in small electronic devices, e.g. calculators and watches.    ADVANTAGE - The use of large, porous titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles allows for safe and easy handling of the particles and also retains the high photovoltaic efficiency of nanometer-sized TiO2.
(EP1095230-A2)   NOVELTY - The trough-like parabolic concentrator (12) is formed by integral portions (14) having compound parabolic cross section. The concentrator is formed in omega shape by determining the integral portion at common ridge portion. The ridge portion of the concentrator is made to intersect with tangential plane common to the conduits (22,24) of a receiver (20).    USE - For solar collector unit of solar energy collector system used in house, office.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents gap loss by intersecting ridge portion of concentrator in tangential plane common to conduits. Reduces convection heat loss by forming solar panel with high solar energy transmissive glass. Simplifies maintenance of housing by avoiding dust and optical contamination.
(US6127623-A)   NOVELTY - Depressions-projections, at a depth of 25 microns or more and formed on either or both sides of the substrate of a solar sell.    USE - Solar cell is used on board artificial satellites.    ADVANTAGE - Radiation resistance characteristic of the solar cells is improved.
(WO200039457-A1)   NOVELTY - A wave and gravity power conversion device for installation in a body of water has a fixed vertical shaft (10). A float is mounted on the shaft to allow vertical movement. The float is reciprocated vertically along the shaft by actions of buoyancy and gravity forces as each wave passes the device. Power takeoff is driven by reciprocation of the float, which is surrounded by a tubular slotted wall. The wall spreads water around and shield the float to produce an even uplift.    USE - For the conversion of wave energy to mechanical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The engine is adapted to cope with variation in wave amplitude.
(CN1237671-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (107) is arranged on a base (105). A closed space (108) is cut off from the air provided between the base and the module.    USE - For generating photovoltaic power on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is easy to construct, inexpensive to install, maintains a good power level as a photovoltaic power generating system, good environmental resistance and improved fire resistance.    (JP2000038819-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (107) is arranged on a base (105). A closed space (108) is cut off from the air provided between the base and the module.    USE - For generating photovoltaic power on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is easy to construct, inexpensive to install, maintains a good power level as a photovoltaic power generating system, good environmental resistance and improved fire resistance.    (US2001008143-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell module (107) is arranged on a base (105). A closed space (108) is cut off from the air provided between the base and the module.    USE - For generating photovoltaic power on a roof.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is easy to construct, inexpensive to install, maintains a good power level as a photovoltaic power generating system, good environmental resistance and improved fire resistance.
(JP11324895-A)   NOVELTY - When water is poured into a water tank (1) and a float (3) submerged on a tank bottom is unlocked, the float and a weight are floated to the upper limit, allowing the float to supply energy to the outside while storing its inner energy by its buoyancy. The method further involves causing the float to remove the water in the tank with the aid of the stored inner energy and empty the tank, permitting the float suspended in an upper space in the emptied tank and the weight to drop the lower limit by gravity, and supplying energy to the outside while having he float increasing its inner energy.    USE - Producing new energy using gravity.
(DE19819337-A1)   NOVELTY - The thermohydraulic sun tracking device has a pair of absorber units (7a,7b) positioned facing one another relative to the axis of rotation (5) of the solar energy converter (1), coupled together for containing a common working fluid, with a light control unit selectively blocking or reflecting light for one of the absorber units, via at least one reflector (8a,8b ; 10a,10b) for asymmetric irradiation for correcting an alignment error.    USE - To align a pivoted solar energy converter, e.g. a photovoltaic solar collector with the sun.    ADVANTAGE - Provides low maintenance tracking of a solar energy converter without requiring external power.    (EP1075629-A1)   NOVELTY - The thermohydraulic sun tracking device has a pair of absorber units (7a,7b) positioned facing one another relative to the axis of rotation (5) of the solar energy converter (1), coupled together for containing a common working fluid, with a light control unit selectively blocking or reflecting light for one of the absorber units, via at least one reflector (8a,8b ; 10a,10b) for asymmetric irradiation for correcting an alignment error.    USE - To align a pivoted solar energy converter, e.g. a photovoltaic solar collector with the sun.    ADVANTAGE - Provides low maintenance tracking of a solar energy converter without requiring external power.
(DE19823145-C2)   NOVELTY - The propulsion effect has a heated temperature-resistant disc, e.g. of steel or aluminium, pressed against a thin layer of a thermoelastic material in contact with a heat-conductive support surface, using a magnetic or spring force. The thermoelastic material expands as it is heated causing the disc to roll or oscillate.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The propulsion effect used direct energy conversion
(JP3040373-B2)      NOVELTY - Boundary surface (5) of a laminate body has a window layer (6) as protective coat and two layers of ZnO group transparent electrically conductive films consisting of ZnO:Al or ZnO:Ga on its top.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Laminate body consists of solar battery (1) laminated with board (2) and back side electrode (3) and is together called window layer which is coated on boundary surface layer as protective coat. Two layers of ZnO group transparent electrically conductive film are coated on boundary surface and they consist of ZnO:Al or ZnO:Ga.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of ZnO group electrically conductive film which involves formation of first film on the boundary surface by RF sputtering and formation of second and third films by sputtering process on the first film.    USE -   For thin film solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Influence of sputtering shock is reduced and sputtering can be produced in large area. Moisture resistance is securable and series resistance is reduced. Short circuit current density and curvilinear factor can be enlarged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the schematic structural drawing of thin film solar battery using ZnO group electrically conductive film. (1) Solar battery; ; (2) Board; ; (3) Back side electrode; ; (5) Boundary surface; ; (6) Window layer.
(DE10031310-A1)   NOVELTY - The system has nine rotatable axles mounted in upper and lower planes in an open casing 5 m wide, 9 m long and 1.5 m high. The casing consists of a mainly open frame (4), e.g. of steel or aluminum tubes, and is transmissive for the waves in the direction of wave motion. Struts maintain the required stability of the frame. Floats (10) or air containers mounted externally on the long sides keep the casing floating horizontally just under the water's surface.    USE - For generating electricity from the power of the waves.    ADVANTAGE - Exploits a renewable energy resource.
(EP1080498-A1)   NOVELTY - Reflectors (30B-30D) are arranged between the solar cells (4) mounted on a substrate, in an array. The reflectors are laminated plastic sheet with light reflection coating. The laminated sheet has multiple V-grooves, inclined at angle of 25-35 degrees, with the top cover and base substrate, so that total internal reflection on solar cells is performed.    USE - For high power generation plants (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The power output of photovoltaic solar cell module is increased, by the internal reflecting reflectors, arranged between the cells. Manufacturing method of solar module is improved and made easy.
(EP1074080-A1)   NOVELTY - External resistors (55-57) are connected in series with rotor winding to control power output for different rotor speed. Inductors (51-53) are connected in parallel with each resistor. The values of inductors and resistors are selected to provide effective resistance which controls current in the generator.    USE - For wind and wave generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since the control element has fixed values of resistance and inductance, the control elements can be mounted onto the rotor shaft thereby eliminating slip ring and brushes. Therefore maintenance cost is reduced.
(EP1073868-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell has a solar collector with a transparent, rear ventilated cover, a solar radiation heat absorbing honeycomb structure (5) with additional storage elements and a heat barrier.    USE - Solar cell collecting power for low energy house.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes the problems of costly production and environmentally unfriendly storage media while achieving good summer or winter characteristics.
(US6131581-A)   NOVELTY - A process for supplying electrical energy to a partially/fully implanted active appts (26), esp a hearing aid, using a thermoelectric energy transducer (10) based on the Seebeck effect, by positioning the warm pole of the transducer in the skull or neck of the carrier, so that it remains at or near body core temp.. The cold pole is implanted so that it is in thermal contact near the body surface.    USE - The process is used to provide an electrical energy supply to an implanted apparatus, eg. a hearing aid.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and effective.
(US6079408-A)   NOVELTY - A pair of turning frames are supported between two stationary support plates for turning movement about a pair of turning axes (C1, C2) in parallel to each other. The sun-ray collecting units (12) are connected together by each of the parallel links disposed in a plane parallel to each turning axes and are supported on each turning frame (11a, 11b) for turning movement about the second turning axes respectively which are arranged on each turning axes.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The space for placement of the sun-ray tracking system can be relatively reduced in size, while the turning angle of each of the collecting units about a turning axis can be relatively increased and the sun-ray collecting units can be turned about the second turning axes in a simple structure using a single drive force.    (JP2000243997-A)   NOVELTY - A pair of turning frames are supported between two stationary support plates for turning movement about a pair of turning axes (C1, C2) in parallel to each other. The sun-ray collecting units (12) are connected together by each of the parallel links disposed in a plane parallel to each turning axes and are supported on each turning frame (11a, 11b) for turning movement about the second turning axes respectively which are arranged on each turning axes.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The space for placement of the sun-ray tracking system can be relatively reduced in size, while the turning angle of each of the collecting units about a turning axis can be relatively increased and the sun-ray collecting units can be turned about the second turning axes in a simple structure using a single drive force.
(JP2000324712-A)   NOVELTY - The double layer capacitor apparatus (300) includes multiple capacitors with voltage detection (50) and discharge (60) circuits. The capacitor bank has positive and negative terminals (302,304) which are connected to a power source (306) that supplies a constant charging current. When the voltage of any one of the capacitors reaches a predetermined maximum value the detection circuit (50) opens the switch (308) to turn off the power supply.    USE - Power supply unit for automobiles    ADVANTAGE - All capacitor voltages are equalized to a predetermined value
(JP2000256808-A)   NOVELTY - A noble metal or alloy is deposited on the surface of a portion that contacts another part developing a contact resistance, from which an oxide film has been removed.    USE - For electrically powered cars and small scale generating systems.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion efficiency is high.    (JP2000260439-A)   NOVELTY - A noble metal or alloy is deposited on the surface of a portion that contacts another part developing a contact resistance, from which an oxide film has been removed.    USE - For electrically powered cars and small scale generating systems.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion efficiency is high.    (JP2001006713-A)   NOVELTY - A noble metal or alloy is deposited on the surface of a portion that contacts another part developing a contact resistance, from which an oxide film has been removed.    USE - For electrically powered cars and small scale generating systems.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion efficiency is high.
(DE10018347-A1)   NOVELTY - A first cooling loop (30) cools the fuel cell (12). The loop uses deionized water and includes a heat exchanger (34), a pump (38) and means for heating (42), filling and degassing (36). A second cooling loop (32) using water with de-icing is divided into primary and secondary branches (46,48) and a thermostatic valve (50) switches in the secondary branch when an air/liquid radiator (52) is required to cool the motor and control (10,14)    USE - To cool the fuel cell, motor and motor control on an electric vehicle    ADVANTAGE - The cooling system meets the requirement to use de-ionized water to cool the fuel cell and combines this facility with the additional need for motor and power control cooling using orthodox methods.    (JP2000323146-A)   NOVELTY - A first cooling loop (30) cools the fuel cell (12). The loop uses deionized water and includes a heat exchanger (34), a pump (38) and means for heating (42), filling and degassing (36). A second cooling loop (32) using water with de-icing is divided into primary and secondary branches (46,48) and a thermostatic valve (50) switches in the secondary branch when an air/liquid radiator (52) is required to cool the motor and control (10,14)    USE - To cool the fuel cell, motor and motor control on an electric vehicle    ADVANTAGE - The cooling system meets the requirement to use de-ionized water to cool the fuel cell and combines this facility with the additional need for motor and power control cooling using orthodox methods.
(JP2000343966-A)   NOVELTY - The drive train consists at least of a drive unit (2) with a drive shaft, a gearbox (3) for connection to the drive shaft with a gearbox input shaft and an electrical machine (4) that interacts with the drive shaft or gearbox input shaft with a rotor (10) mounted radially within a stator (15). The electrical machine is mounted coaxially about the drive shaft rotation axis and axially between the drive unit and gearbox. At least one gearbox component that implements the transmission function is mounted radially within the rotor    USE - Especially for a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables integration of an electrical machine between a drive unit and gearbox with maximum flexibility, e.g. as a starter generator, a hybrid drive element and/or a generator that converts mechanical to electrical energy when the vehicle decelerates, with minimal axial length.
(JP2000277123-A)   NOVELTY - Electrode structure production, by exposing a film of proton conductive material and carbon particles to a metal atom flux to form distributed metal polycrystals, is new.    USE - Especially in an SPE (solid polymer electrolyte) membrane or PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces a catalyst in the form of metal polycrystals distributed over the exposed film surface to provide increased catalyst utilization and a drastic reduction in the requisite catalyst amount so that electrode production costs are lower than in prior art.
(JP2001015173-A)   NOVELTY - Lithium-manganese complex oxide active material having specified Li/Mn atomic ratio, lattice constant, half-width value and average primary particle size is used as positive electrode active material. Amorphous carbon material having specified negative electrode density, true density and crystalline thickness is used as negative electrode active material.    USE - For electric power storage systems, electric vehicles, elevator power source, electric tools, etc..    ADVANTAGE - Has longer high-temperature life than conventional batteries, and has high input and output characteristics.
(US6249110-B1)   NOVELTY - The input voltage (UB) is fed to the terminal (A1), while a voltage controller delivers controlled output voltage (UA) at the output (A2). The voltage controller comprises a length (LR) and a switch controller (SR), which are mutually parallel and so designed that a presettable potential difference is formed between the two controllers (LR-SR).The output voltage of the length controller, which is of an integrated type with 5 output, is lower than that of the switch controller with 5.3V output.    USE - For the supply voltage control in appliances in car network, especially during starting.    ADVANTAGE - Extended voltage range, especially for microprocessors.
(FR2792776-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery is made up from a number of modules of electric cells (16) each housed in a box (18,20). The modules can be stacked one on top of the other. The cells in each module are connected together at the top, with a pair of leads (30) passing through a duct (28) formed on the side of the box to connect to the adjacent module. The same duct carries leads to an external connector (34).    USE - Batteries for electrically powered fork lift trucks    ADVANTAGE - Compact battery unit containing large number of cells to provide high energy, reducing number of charging and discharging cycles and therefore extending battery life.
(JP2000306561-A)   NOVELTY - The battery supply comprises battery modules (3) each with battery cells electrically and mechanically connected together. A case (1) holds the modules. End plates (6) are provided at the ends of the case for connection of the positive and negative terminals.    USE - Battery power supply e.g. for electric or hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates attaching battery modules to a case without misattachment of the terminals.
(FR2792578-A1)   NOVELTY - The thermal regulation of the fuel cell and its associated equipment uses waste heat (61) from the battery, which provides a storage buffer for electricity generated by the fuel cell, to preheat the liquid hydrogen arriving (11) from the storage tank (1) to provide the fuel for the fuel cell.    USE - Temperature control of fuel cell providing power for electrically powered vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Avoids freezing in the fuel cell by using waste heat to preheat liquid hydrogen as it is delivered to the fuel cell.
(US6279224-B1)   NOVELTY - At least two separate workstations (20,22) are provided, to which workpieces (16) e.g. a battery, are alternately fed so that at all times, in at least one station, a battery is available to be worked on by a tool (24) carried by a shuttle (26) between the stations. As the shuttle carries the tool to a new station, the battery in the first that has been worked on is moved on and replaced by another. The stations are on a conveyor supported by a frame which also carries the shuttle.    USE - In the mass production of lead-acid motor vehicle batteries    ADVANTAGE - Increased productivity and throughput without increase in costs
(JP2000299121-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel stack (61) has fasteners for fastening the fuel cell laminate body in the direction of lamination of the unit cells (32). The fasteners include supports (37); connectors; and fastening tools. The supports are equipped with flanges (42) and arranged at the upper and lower end portions of the fuel cell laminate body.    USE - The fuel stack is useful a power source of a motor used in place of an internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - Air pollution is not a problem for a motor car using the fuel cell. Noise is scarcely generated from the motor car using the fuel cell. The motor using the fuel cell has a higher energy recovery rate over the one using the internal combustion engine.
(DE19913131-A1)   NOVELTY - The supply has a load (6) connected in parallel to two batteries (12,14). The load is connected to the active terminals of both batteries by separate cables (50,52) and to the earth terminals of both batteries by a single cable (70). A rectifier (40,42) in each supply line prevents current flow between batteries. The load earth is through rectifiers (76,78) blocking circulating earth currents.    USE - Back-up supply for motor vehicle electrical systems    ADVANTAGE - Improved operating reliability.
(DE19915795-A1)   NOVELTY - The voltage adapter has a d.c. voltage converter, an H bridge circuit (H), a pulse width modulator and a regulator (R) whose output depends on the lamp current and voltage. The pulse width modulator consists of a level-controlled flip-flop, a set generator (C), a reset generator (B), a time-controlled set-reset generator (A) and two signal delay elements (dt1,dt2).    USE - For high pressure discharge lamp in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The voltage adapter is very small, simple and inexpensive and operates a d.c. voltage converter in the optimal mode and with the optimal frequency for all lamp operating states.
(DE19910773-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    (JP2000268829-A)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    (EP1037295-B1)   NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.
(JP2000268843-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell device has a rectangular individual fuel cell provided with a rectangular electrolyte layer, e.g solid polymer electrolyte membrane, positioned between a rectangular anode and cathode, with a separator (1) positioned adjacent the cathode in the fuel cell stack provided with an oxidation fluid flow path and a separator positioned adjacent the anode provided with a fuel fluid flow path. Each separator is divided into 2 rectangular halves, each provided with an opening (35a,35b) at its centre for passage of a tensioning bolt used for securing the fuel cell stack together.    USE - The fuel cell device is used for an electrically-driven vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell device has a reduced number of tensioning bolts with uniform distribution of the tensioning force.    (US6270917-B1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell device has a rectangular individual fuel cell provided with a rectangular electrolyte layer, e.g solid polymer electrolyte membrane, positioned between a rectangular anode and cathode, with a separator (1) positioned adjacent the cathode in the fuel cell stack provided with an oxidation fluid flow path and a separator positioned adjacent the anode provided with a fuel fluid flow path. Each separator is divided into 2 rectangular halves, each provided with an opening (35a,35b) at its centre for passage of a tensioning bolt used for securing the fuel cell stack together.    USE - The fuel cell device is used for an electrically-driven vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell device has a reduced number of tensioning bolts with uniform distribution of the tensioning force.
(GB2353630-A)   NOVELTY - Continuous elongated rectangular housing (62) for collecting gases vented from the cells of battery (10) are provided in the condensation chambers (60) formed on the cover (14). Lid (16) covers the condensation chambers. Exhaust openings (98) extending from inner surface (76) of lid, formed corresponding to respective chambers, exhausts the gases from the chambers.    USE - For venting gases generated in batteries e.g. lead storage batteries used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Maximizes the space available to vent gases from the battery cell by suitably modifying the space between condensation chambers. The angular position of base sump, promotes the return of electrolyte to the battery cells, reliably.
(EP1084910-A2)   NOVELTY - A rotary transformer has magnetic coils (40,60) associated with steering column circuit (22) and wheel circuit (24). Circuit (22) generates high power signal and transfers it via transformer to wheel circuit (24). Circuits (22,24) have capacitors (C1,C2) and tuning capacitor (CR) respectively to store the received power signal and perform selective connection of column circuit to transformer respectively.    USE - For transferring power and data signal between steering wheel and column in vehicles for generating air bag deployment during collision.    ADVANTAGE - Since the tuning capacitor performs selective connection of column circuit to the primary magnetic coil, the power required to drive the control circuit is minimized and the energy recovered from column coil is maximized, and thus the energy recovered transferred to wheel circuit is stored in capacitors of wheel circuit for providing power to components of wheel circuit.
(WO200055935-A1)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous lithium salt electrolyte, containing an organic alkali metal salt as additive, is new.    USE - Especially in lithium ion batteries for mobile applications, e.g. mobile telephones, camcorders and vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The additive has a low volatility and a relatively high flame point, promotes lithium ion permeable cover layer formation on anodes and cathodes for passivating the electrodes and thus increasing the cycling capability and overcharge safety, has a very high thermal decomposition point and forms a vitreous polymeric layer on thermal decomposition e.g. caused by a short-circuit.    (JP2000268863-A)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous lithium salt electrolyte, containing an organic alkali metal salt as additive, is new.    USE - Especially in lithium ion batteries for mobile applications, e.g. mobile telephones, camcorders and vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The additive has a low volatility and a relatively high flame point, promotes lithium ion permeable cover layer formation on anodes and cathodes for passivating the electrodes and thus increasing the cycling capability and overcharge safety, has a very high thermal decomposition point and forms a vitreous polymeric layer on thermal decomposition e.g. caused by a short-circuit.    (DE19910968-A1)   NOVELTY - A non-aqueous lithium salt electrolyte, containing an organic alkali metal salt as additive, is new.    USE - Especially in lithium ion batteries for mobile applications, e.g. mobile telephones, camcorders and vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The additive has a low volatility and a relatively high flame point, promotes lithium ion permeable cover layer formation on anodes and cathodes for passivating the electrodes and thus increasing the cycling capability and overcharge safety, has a very high thermal decomposition point and forms a vitreous polymeric layer on thermal decomposition e.g. caused by a short-circuit.
(US6282078-B1)   NOVELTY - Electric power distribution device comprises conducting device consisting of two conductors (60,61) provided on a circuit board (80), and a connecting unit having positive (902) and negative (901) connections that are fed through the conductors and the circuit board so that they are electrically connected to the electrodes of the capacitor. Starting current of the battery is distributed over capacitor, circuit board, conducting device and connecting unit.    USE - In power system of vehicle electrical loads, such as radio installation.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids need for separate power distribution circuitry.
(CN1294416-A)   NOVELTY - Separator comprises nonwoven fabric containing split type composite fiber (SCF) and polyolefin type composite fiber (PCF). SCF contains methyl pentene (MP) polymer (I) comprising copolymer of poly(4-MP-1) or 4-MP-1 and other olefin as component (I) and polyolefin type polymer (II) as component (II). PCF consists of low and high melting components. The total content of SCF and PCF is more than 60 weight%.    USE - For batteries (claimed) such as nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-zinc and nickel-hydrogen batteries used in electric vehicle and hybrid object.    ADVANTAGE - Separator has excellent liquid retaining property and strength. The battery capacitance using separator is raised without reducing the battery life span. By carrying out sulfonation hydrophilization treatment, the self discharge property of the battery is improved and heat resistance is increased.
(JP2000253572-A)   NOVELTY - The power system includes double layer capacitors (CA,CB) connected in two identical banks (A,B). A switch (SS) enables the two capacitor banks to be connected in series between the output terminals (T), and separate switches (SA,SB) enable the capacitors to be connected in various configurations.    USE - For large scale electrical energy storage systems or for power supply to electric vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Only requires a small number of switches
(WO200049673-A1)   NOVELTY - The current source has a number of fuel cells (1) electrically connected in series, with a respective diode (2) connected in parallel across each fuel cell and providing a low ohmic resistance upon failure of the fuel cell, for preventing a short-circuit across the latter.    USE - The current source is used for providing the electrical current for a portable electrical device, e.g. a torch or a computer.    ADVANTAGE - The device is protected against individual fuel cell failure.
(RU2158683-C1)   NOVELTY - The vehicle is in the form of a volumetric body that comprises freight and passenger compartments, a number of electromotive plants and devices for accelerating the crew to a desired speed. The main vehicle consists of an airflow energy converter that comprises several envelopes separated by several channels. The energy converter may include several turbines and generators for supplying energy to the propulsion device of the vehicle. The operation ability of the energy converter is based on the use of rarefaction at its bottom section and of the energy of the circulating flow that enters the inlet channels thereof. This process also uses a strong increase in the flow rate onto the turbine which is due to the corresponding decrease in its enthalpy, i.e. the thermal component of its global energy. As for support members, propulsion devices, guides and other equipment, the invention involves using the technical solutions applied in high-speed railways, airships, airplanes, etc.    USE - Vehicle for high speed highway. The vehicle may have an aeronautic variant in the shape of an airplane or an airship.
(FR2790869-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery box has two parallel sides (14,16) which define a space to accept the batteries. The side walls are formed from an assembly of stacked modules (16), each comprising a pair of wall elements (18,20) with inward facing edges to support the batteries. The ends of the box are closed by ventilated plates (28,30) with tabs (32) along the edge to attach to the ends of each module.    USE - Battery housing for electric fork lift trucks    ADVANTAGE - Battery housing that accepts a large number of batteries in a limited space.
(FR2790870-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery box has two parallel sides (14,16) which define a space to accept the batteries. The inside of each wall is fitted with support plates (30,32) for the batteries. These plates are perpendicular to the wall surface and extend the full length of the wall, and two opposite plates provide support for a battery. The ends of the box are closed by ventilated plates (22,24).    USE - Battery housing for electric fork lift trucks    ADVANTAGE - Battery housing that accepts a large number of batteries and provides effective heat removal during operation.
(JP2000253591-A)   NOVELTY - The electric vehicle (1) comprises a body (2) equipped with a detachable assembly that includes a battery (12) and a charger (13) formed integrally. The detachable assembly can further include a battery meter (14) in addition to the battery (12) and the charger (13). A single CPU is used both for monitoring the battery (12) to protect it and for controlling the charger. Signal lines from the battery meter (14) are connected through a connector to signal lines provided in the body, and a battery meter indicator is provided near a speedometer.    USE - E.g. for electric scooter.
(KR2001006629-A)   NOVELTY - A metal particle layer (14) is formed on a barrier layer (12) for electron movement, which is formed on a metal layer (10). A semiconductor layer (16) contacts the metal particles. An ohmic layer (18) and another metal layer (20) with rectifying surface are formed successively on the semiconductor layer.    USE - The rectifier is used for converting heat in a material into electric energy without application of external energy. Hence used for manufacture of automobile running by heat supplied from air and computer having unlimited lasting power.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains electric energy without input of external energy. Converts thermal energy by rectifying thermally moving electrons between minute metal particle dispersed in a layer and a semiconductor layer. Makes it possible to build apparatus with lasting life to realize e.g. car running by heat from air, computer with unlimited power.
(US6235426-B1)   NOVELTY - Positive and negative electrode collector piece (42) is interposed between the respective electrode material layers. The mutually adjoining collector pieces are connected by a PTC element (5). Several collector tabs (3) are arranged on the collector piece and drawn out from the electrode group.    USE - For electric or hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - High density battery is offered.    (US2001018147-A1)   NOVELTY - Positive and negative electrode collector piece (42) is interposed between the respective electrode material layers. The mutually adjoining collector pieces are connected by a PTC element (5). Several collector tabs (3) are arranged on the collector piece and drawn out from the electrode group.    USE - For electric or hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - High density battery is offered.
(DE19961482-A1)   NOVELTY - Storage tanks (4) are provided in the circulation pipeline (201) for storing water, hydrocarbon fuel or a mixture of both from which branch pipelines (26,27) are provided for raw material supply which is force fed for modification to a carbon monoxide reduction unit (14) through an evaporation portion (12) and modification portion (13). The carbon monoxide reduction unit is cooled by heat exchanger (5).    USE - For fuel battery (claimed) used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide reduction is stabilized even on load fluctuation.
(GB2348057-B)   NOVELTY - The system has a power management module, which divides electrical circuits into at least two power supply groups of different power supply priorities. Direct current is supplied first to the first priority circuit group, and then to the second priority circuit group after the power requirement of the first priority circuit group is completely met.    USE - For an electronic fuel-injection motorcycle.    ADVANTAGE - When there is no power in the battery, human power can be used which will be supplied first to the engine control unit to start the engine. During ignition, over use of the electrical loads of the motorcycle will not lead to a low voltage in the engine control unit or an engine stop. Ignition timing and fuel injection timing are accurately controlled by the engine control unit, reducing fuel consumption and air pollution.    (CN1262388-A)   NOVELTY - The system has a power management module, which divides electrical circuits into at least two power supply groups of different power supply priorities. Direct current is supplied first to the first priority circuit group, and then to the second priority circuit group after the power requirement of the first priority circuit group is completely met.    USE - For an electronic fuel-injection motorcycle.    ADVANTAGE - When there is no power in the battery, human power can be used which will be supplied first to the engine control unit to start the engine. During ignition, over use of the electrical loads of the motorcycle will not lead to a low voltage in the engine control unit or an engine stop. Ignition timing and fuel injection timing are accurately controlled by the engine control unit, reducing fuel consumption and air pollution.
(DE10012843-A1)   NOVELTY - The heater has a stack (21) of fuel cells with end plates (2) and a cooling device (7) with an inverter in a housing (6) that is likewise cooled. The inverter housing is attached to an end plate of the fuel cell stack and is in good thermal contact with it, whereby the stack cooling device also extends beyond the end plate carrying the inverter housing.    USE - Generally for use in power supplies.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes the conventional problem of requiring two cooling devices and can be used for heating with a simple design.
(DE10012841-A1)   NOVELTY - The heater has a plate heat exchanger with a stack (12) of plates (1) with end plates (5,11) and a cooling device (2,3) and an inverter mounted in a housing. The inverter or its housing (6) is attached to one end plate (5) of the plate heat exchanger and is in good thermal contact with it. A cooling medium flows through the end plate.    USE - Fuel cell heater.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes the conventional problem of requiring two cooling devices and can be used for heating with a simple design.
(US6157175-A)   NOVELTY - The system has an inductive generator (100) with stator field coil windings and ferromagnetic disc-shaped rotor externally driven by motor vehicle engine. An electronic controller (135) responsive to amplitude and frequency variation of generator signal produces output signal with a constant voltage and frequency. Output connector (125) receives signal from the controller and is supplied to external load.    USE - For generating power in passenger vehicles to heavy construction tools, computers, emergency response vehicles. Also for use as residential emergency back-up power system, remote primary power installation, temporary power installation in buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Eases mounting within the engine compartment of a passenger vehicle, due to portability and less noise generation. Provides stable output power at a constant frequency, irrespective of the speed of the vehicle.
(US6127061-A)   NOVELTY - A cathode for electrochemical cell comprises an electrically conductive structure (18) provided between air permeable and water-impermeable portion and catalytic portion (22) comprising a mixture of carbon particles, particulate material having high surface area, metal hydroxide, and hydrophobic particles. The electrically conductive structure has sufficient passage to flow air throughout.    USE - For electrochemical cells and for metal-air batteries (claimed) used for automobiles, boat motors and other high powered demand devices down to small miniature button batteries typically used in tiny electronic devices such as hearing aids and watches.    ADVANTAGE - The cathode is a low cost air cathode for electrochemical cells and batteries with improved power density. The metal air cell and batteries having increased service life, high current density with steady current and voltage output, is provided. The batteries generates higher power density and efficiency with steady speed of voltage and current output.
(FR2790182-A1)   NOVELTY - The current source has a number of current supply modules (1), having electrode terminals at either end, arranged in parallel within a support housing (2) fitted with removable side covers (21), each provided on their inside with slotted fixing ribs (23) for securing the current supply modules and preventing their rotation.    USE - The current source is used for providing the electrical current for a drive motor in a hybrid or electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The current source provides simple secure fixing of the current supply modules.    (JP2000243366-A)   NOVELTY - The current source has a number of current supply modules (1), having electrode terminals at either end, arranged in parallel within a support housing (2) fitted with removable side covers (21), each provided on their inside with slotted fixing ribs (23) for securing the current supply modules and preventing their rotation.    USE - The current source is used for providing the electrical current for a drive motor in a hybrid or electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The current source provides simple secure fixing of the current supply modules.    (US6287150-B1)   NOVELTY - The current source has a number of current supply modules (1), having electrode terminals at either end, arranged in parallel within a support housing (2) fitted with removable side covers (21), each provided on their inside with slotted fixing ribs (23) for securing the current supply modules and preventing their rotation.    USE - The current source is used for providing the electrical current for a drive motor in a hybrid or electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The current source provides simple secure fixing of the current supply modules.
NOVELTY - When the speed of the cars is accelerated by travelling more than certain speed, any one pair of small rotating wheels (12,12') or (12a, l2a') of any one pair of high speed generator (G,G') or low speed generator (Ga,Ga') are engaged with large rotating wheels (6,6') automatically.    USE - For electrical cars.    ADVANTAGE - Cars may be travelled continuously and thus environmental pollution may be reduced, fuel and time for charging may he saved.
(JP2000306562-A)   NOVELTY - Modular batteries are held by adhesive in tiers within an inner casing (43d) such that the terminals extend through holes (46) in the sides of the casing. The casing is in two mirror image halves with the interlocking edges (43e) formed into an crest and wave pattern joined with adhesive. The casing has cooling air inlet and outlet ducts (50a and 51a) that extend through an outer casing    USE - In a hybrid driving system e.g. in conjunction with an internal combustion engine in a car or boat    ADVANTAGE - Outer casing relieves inner casing and modular batteries from stress, insulates against external heat gain or loss and allows control circuitry to be located within itself. Cooling air ducted around the batteries improves efficiency and may be ducted through the outer casing    (JP2000306563-A)   NOVELTY - Modular batteries are held by adhesive in tiers within an inner casing (43d) such that the terminals extend through holes (46) in the sides of the casing. The casing is in two mirror image halves with the interlocking edges (43e) formed into an crest and wave pattern joined with adhesive. The casing has cooling air inlet and outlet ducts (50a and 51a) that extend through an outer casing    USE - In a hybrid driving system e.g. in conjunction with an internal combustion engine in a car or boat    ADVANTAGE - Outer casing relieves inner casing and modular batteries from stress, insulates against external heat gain or loss and allows control circuitry to be located within itself. Cooling air ducted around the batteries improves efficiency and may be ducted through the outer casing
(US6151222-A)   NOVELTY - Low voltage loads (19) are powered by a series resonant DC-DC converter (18) operated at a fixed switching frequency below the resonant frequency of its tank circuit. A transformer (T2) inductively couples the converter tank circuit to low voltage loads, providing full input/output galvanic isolation.    USE - Dual voltage automotive electrical system.    ADVANTAGE - Provides zero current switching and inherent overload protection.
(JP2000247157-A)   NOVELTY - The positioning structure has an air intake duct (46) for supplying air from within the passenger compartment (10) that extends above one side of the floor panel (23) above the battery (29). Air inside the passenger compartment (10) is supplied to the battery (29) via the intake duct (46) so as to cool the battery, the warmed air passing to the exhaust duct (47).    USE - To ensure that propulsion battery is adequately cooled    ADVANTAGE - Intake duct receives air from air conditioned passenger compartment
(GB2347976-A)   NOVELTY - A flowing water actuatable turbine system is mounted for operational co-operation with water current by means of an upstanding column/pile so as to be axially displaceable length way of the column/pile.    USE - Used for producing either electricity directly or to produce rotation of shaft or for production of fresh water, mineral extraction or production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis.    (GB2348250-A)   NOVELTY - A flowing water actuatable turbine system is mounted for operational co-operation with water current by means of an upstanding column/pile so as to be axially displaceable length way of the column/pile.    USE - Used for producing either electricity directly or to produce rotation of shaft or for production of fresh water, mineral extraction or production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis.    (GB2348465-A)   NOVELTY - A flowing water actuatable turbine system is mounted for operational co-operation with water current by means of an upstanding column/pile so as to be axially displaceable length way of the column/pile.    USE - Used for producing either electricity directly or to produce rotation of shaft or for production of fresh water, mineral extraction or production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis.
(JP2000306564-A)   NOVELTY - The modular batteries (12) are held within a casing such that the terminals (12a) extend through holes (46) in the sides of the casing. Adhesive injected into a port (76) flows around the circumference of the battery end and overflows from the casing opening (46). A temperature sensor (82) is bonded at each module. A groove (84) is cut into the casing slightly larger diameter than the battery at each module    USE - In a hybrid driving system e.g. in conjunction with an internal combustion engine in a car or boat    ADVANTAGE - The batteries are effectively attached to the casing with minimum adhesive excessive adhesive can be monitored at the terminal points. The center of the casing is free of adhesive to allow cooling air flow over the batteries. Individual faulty cells may be removed using the groove as punch guide allowing replacement only of faulty cells. Individual temperature sensing allows individual performance to be monitored
(DE19908905-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen generating unit supplied with water condensed from the generated hydrogen gas and/or from the cathode off-gas.    USE - The fuel cell system is especially useful as an electric vehicle fuel cell system with an integral hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative steam reformer for hydrogen generation.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides extremely efficient water utilization to provide good dynamic properties under fluctuating load conditions and, if required, can have a relatively compact construction.
(US6140266-A)   NOVELTY - A catalyst bed (2) comprises a monolithic open cell foam member having a lattice (4); and a catalyst. The lattice defines interconnected interstices, and it has a core which is provided with a high surface area wash coat layer on all surfaces of the core. The catalyst is deposited on the wash coat layer.    USE - Used in fuel processing system that catalytically renders a fuel gas stream useful for fueling fuel cell power plant.    ADVANTAGE - The use of an open cell lattice enables the formation of very compact, light weight, and high surface area catalyst bed with excellent gas flow-through characteristics.
(DE10080450-T)   NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide conversion apparatus for fuel cells has a reaction vessel having gas outlet and inlet containing a catalyst comprising at least platinum or palladium on a support having basic spots on the surface.    USE - The converter can be used for instantaneously carrying out a starting operation for modifying a gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam so the carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide while generating hydrogen. The fuel cell generating system is effective in e.g. domestic or vehicle power sources.    ADVANTAGE - The modification treatment can be carried out at increased temperature. The operation which prevents inhibition of the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen with carbon monoxide is performed effectively and instantly.
(DE10002848-A1)   NOVELTY - A total unit (54) calculates the remaining amount of battery based on detected electric current value. A threshold voltage calculator (56) computes threshold value based on filtered electric current value. A comparator (58) compares the threshold voltage value with filtered voltage value. When the filtered voltage value is larger, a reset unit (60) set the remaining amount of battery as predefined value.    USE - For detecting remnant amount of battery mounted on electric and hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Detects remaining amount of battery with high accuracy.    (US6252377-B1)   NOVELTY - A total unit (54) calculates the remaining amount of battery based on detected electric current value. A threshold voltage calculator (56) computes threshold value based on filtered electric current value. A comparator (58) compares the threshold voltage value with filtered voltage value. When the filtered voltage value is larger, a reset unit (60) set the remaining amount of battery as predefined value.    USE - For detecting remnant amount of battery mounted on electric and hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Detects remaining amount of battery with high accuracy.
(US6230494-B1)   NOVELTY - A power generation system has at least one solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) (110). A preheater (105) is in fluid communication with the fuel and air sides of the SOFC, and with air and fuel supplies (1, 33), to heat the air and introduce it to the air side, and burn, vaporize and/or atomize the fuel and introduce it to the fuel side. An energy converter is in fluid communication with fuel side SOFC effluent (21).    USE - For hybrid power systems for generating electrical and mechanical power, for automotive applications.    ADVANTAGE - The system is compatible with conventional fuels, and has essentially zero emissions and high efficiency.
(JP2000223005-A)   NOVELTY - An article is fabricated by providing an array of aligned carbon nanotubes (42) and truncating a portion of the nanotubes such that at least 10 percent are free of end caps. A device comprises truncated carbon nanotubes having a height within 30 percent of the average truncated height, with at least 10 percent, preferably at least 50 percent, free of end caps.    USE - Especially in an energy storage device (claimed) e.g. a high density hydrogen battery for e.g. an electric vehicle; and also in a flat panel display device or a microwave amplifier.    ADVANTAGE - The open-ended carbon nanotube structure provides high hydrogen adsorption capacity as well as high-emission cap-free tips.    (US6283812-B1)   NOVELTY - An article is fabricated by providing an array of aligned carbon nanotubes (42) and truncating a portion of the nanotubes such that at least 10 percent are free of end caps. A device comprises truncated carbon nanotubes having a height within 30 percent of the average truncated height, with at least 10 percent, preferably at least 50 percent, free of end caps.    USE - Especially in an energy storage device (claimed) e.g. a high density hydrogen battery for e.g. an electric vehicle; and also in a flat panel display device or a microwave amplifier.    ADVANTAGE - The open-ended carbon nanotube structure provides high hydrogen adsorption capacity as well as high-emission cap-free tips.
(EP1020489-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of a water (preferably H3O+ ion)-selective permeable polymer membrane, especially a polyelectrolyte membrane for methanol fuel cells, is such that the membrane (1) is coated with a thin crosslinked polymer layer (3) by plasma-polymerization.    USE - In treating of water-selective (e.g. perfluorinated polysulfone) membranes for methanol fuel cells used for the production of electricity by oxidation.    ADVANTAGE - Coating of the membrane greatly reduces the MeOH permeability without affecting water permeability, reductions by a factor of 10 for MeOH-crossover being achievable. Further, the coatings have a smooth surface and good adhesion to the base membrane, and cells using the coated membranes have a long life.
(DE10003247-A1)   NOVELTY - A storage battery power supply comprises supply modules fitted in a casing (2) having an air conduit with intermediate air inlets (38) for cooling the modules.    USE - As a high current power supply useful for an electric or hybrid automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The design permits uniform and effective cooling of all the modules to avoid battery output degradation resulting from temperature differences.    (JP2000223099-A)   NOVELTY - A storage battery power supply comprises supply modules fitted in a casing (2) having an air conduit with intermediate air inlets (38) for cooling the modules.    USE - As a high current power supply useful for an electric or hybrid automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The design permits uniform and effective cooling of all the modules to avoid battery output degradation resulting from temperature differences.    (JP2000280759-A)   NOVELTY - A storage battery power supply comprises supply modules fitted in a casing (2) having an air conduit with intermediate air inlets (38) for cooling the modules.    USE - As a high current power supply useful for an electric or hybrid automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The design permits uniform and effective cooling of all the modules to avoid battery output degradation resulting from temperature differences.
(JP2000268812-A)   NOVELTY - The active material comprises a powder formed from a lithium-manganese compound, such as an oxide, fluoride and/or sulfide, coated with V2O5.    USE - For lithium secondary cells for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The active material has good cycle life characteristics at high temperatures.    (CN1267096-A)   NOVELTY - The active material comprises a powder formed from a lithium-manganese compound, such as an oxide, fluoride and/or sulfide, coated with V2O5.    USE - For lithium secondary cells for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The active material has good cycle life characteristics at high temperatures.    (US6183911-B1)   NOVELTY - The active material comprises a powder formed from a lithium-manganese compound, such as an oxide, fluoride and/or sulfide, coated with V2O5.    USE - For lithium secondary cells for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The active material has good cycle life characteristics at high temperatures.
(JP2000260433-A)   NOVELTY - The active material comprises a metal oxide coated powder formed from a lithium-manganese compound such as an oxide, fluoride and/or sulfide.    USE - For an active material for a lithium secondary cell, especially electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Batteries formed using the active material display good cycle life characteristics at high temperature.    (CN1266288-A)   NOVELTY - The active material comprises a metal oxide coated powder formed from a lithium-manganese compound such as an oxide, fluoride and/or sulfide.    USE - For an active material for a lithium secondary cell, especially electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Batteries formed using the active material display good cycle life characteristics at high temperature.
(DE19903353-C2)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell process gas humidifying and compressing equipment, comprising a membrane humidifier and a side channel type compressor with an integrated humidifier, is new.    USE - Especially for a PEM fuel cell unit used in stationary or especially mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment provides optimal humidifying with minimal temperature rise of the compressed gas.
(DE19904506-A1)   NOVELTY - Process for quantitatively determining alcohols comprises passing the measuring medium through an electrode chamber of a fuel cell, feeding a fluid through the chamber, producing a current or voltage, measuring the current and/or voltage, and using this measurement as a measurement for the concentration of alcohol in the medium.    USE - For quantitatively determining alcohols.    ADVANTAGE - The alcohol to be determined reaches the anode directly or indirectly and is oxidized at the anode.
(DE19903168-A1)   NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon/water mixture evaporation and/or superheating equipment, comprising a burner (3) supplying hot combustion waste gas to the heat carrier side (1b) of a heat exchanger (1), is new.    USE - For a fuel cell gas generating system.    ADVANTAGE - Use of hot combustion waste gas as the heat carrier in the heat exchanger provides high thermal efficiency and good dynamic response to different thermal energy requirements, protects the heat exchanger against excessive heating and chemical attack by direct contact with the burner flame, allows use of a simple heat exchanger construction and avoids formation of an explosive gas mixture within the heat exchanger.
(GB2353292-A)   NOVELTY - A gas reservoir (6a,6b) is formed of a one or two-piece tubular hollow chamber open at the top. The reservoir is sub-divided into a reservoir chamber (6a',6b') and a pressure-compensation chamber (6a'',6b'') by a stopper (9) through which a vertical tube (10) passes, linking the chambers. The gas reservoirs are positioned directly against or are co-formed with the end-plates (4a,4b). The respective half-cells (2a,2b) are linked via passages in the end-plates and openings (7) with the respective reservoirs and their electrolyte content.    USE - Experimental electrolysis cell or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is robust, compact, easy to operate and cheap to manufacture.    (JP2001076744-A)   NOVELTY - A gas reservoir (6a,6b) is formed of a one or two-piece tubular hollow chamber open at the top. The reservoir is sub-divided into a reservoir chamber (6a',6b') and a pressure-compensation chamber (6a'',6b'') by a stopper (9) through which a vertical tube (10) passes, linking the chambers. The gas reservoirs are positioned directly against or are co-formed with the end-plates (4a,4b). The respective half-cells (2a,2b) are linked via passages in the end-plates and openings (7) with the respective reservoirs and their electrolyte content.    USE - Experimental electrolysis cell or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is robust, compact, easy to operate and cheap to manufacture.
(JP2000186566-A)   NOVELTY - Battery (1) is disposed beneath the rear seat of a vehicle (12). Power bus (4) is formed by control module (7,9,11) having a switch and a relay block (8,10,12) having a relay and includes a protection circuit for protecting a load from short circuit, and serving as load driver, which are connectable and separable by a connecter. it is also connected to a starter (13) motor through a power line (5) and to alternator (6) through power supply line from the starter.    USE - Supplying electric power to electrical loads of a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Numbers of wires is reduced and wire harness is prevented from being thicker in the vehicle.
(CN1268782-A)   NOVELTY - Nickel hydride secondary battery has positive electrode carrying active nickel hydroxide powder and negative electrode with hydrogen storage alloy powder. The battery also includes tungsten and sodium elements in the form of tungstic acid ions and sodium ions.    USE - The secondary battery is used in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high discharge characteristics in a high temperature environment, high charging efficiency. It can exhibit a large current discharge even at the initial stage of the discharge and also has good low temperature charging characteristics.    (JP2001217000-A)   NOVELTY - Nickel hydride secondary battery has positive electrode carrying active nickel hydroxide powder and negative electrode with hydrogen storage alloy powder. The battery also includes tungsten and sodium elements in the form of tungstic acid ions and sodium ions.    USE - The secondary battery is used in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high discharge characteristics in a high temperature environment, high charging efficiency. It can exhibit a large current discharge even at the initial stage of the discharge and also has good low temperature charging characteristics.
(JP2000243408-A)   NOVELTY - Separator (20) comprises a conducting metal plate (22), a conducting coating membrane (24) on the plate so that the separator contacts the electrode, and a stationary coating membrane (26) on the conducting plate so that the conducting membrane is not on the metal plate.    USE - Used for an electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical resistance between the separator and the electrode is kept low, and the problem of rust from the metal plate is avoided.
(FR2788346-A1)   NOVELTY - Each cell of the modular bank of series connected electrical energy converters (2) has a measuring interface (4) and a measuring signal transducer (5), which receive from the interface (4) via a connection (M) a measuring signal. The measuring signal is provided in response to individual selection pulses transmitted from a common logic unit (6) via a second connection (L).    USE - For precision control of banks of electrical energy converters.    ADVANTAGE - Has diode protection against inverse voltages and electrical discontinuity.    (JP2000235056-A)   NOVELTY - Each cell of the modular bank of series connected electrical energy converters (2) has a measuring interface (4) and a measuring signal transducer (5), which receive from the interface (4) via a connection (M) a measuring signal. The measuring signal is provided in response to individual selection pulses transmitted from a common logic unit (6) via a second connection (L).    USE - For precision control of banks of electrical energy converters.    ADVANTAGE - Has diode protection against inverse voltages and electrical discontinuity.    (US6194901-B1)   NOVELTY - Each cell of the modular bank of series connected electrical energy converters (2) has a measuring interface (4) and a measuring signal transducer (5), which receive from the interface (4) via a connection (M) a measuring signal. The measuring signal is provided in response to individual selection pulses transmitted from a common logic unit (6) via a second connection (L).    USE - For precision control of banks of electrical energy converters.    ADVANTAGE - Has diode protection against inverse voltages and electrical discontinuity.
(WO200054354-A1)      An operating procedure for a fuel cell installation (1) which    comprises a fuel cell unit (4), a cooling water circulation (6)    and a housing (2) enclosing the heat-emitting components of the    fuel cell plant (1). Air required for operating the fuel cells    of the fuel cell unit (4) is flowed into the housing (2) and    flows around the fuel cell plant components located in the    housing and is then supplied to the fuel cell unit (4).    The fuel cell unit (4) delivers heat to the cooling water of the cooling water circulation (6) and the heat of the cooling water heats up the water of a heated water circulation (14). The air is specifically compressed in a liquid ring compressor (12) (before it is supplied to the fuel cell unit (4)) and is humidified with the cooling water to 100% air humidity.    USE -   As PEM-fuel cells mobile unit e.g. for driving various    kinds of vehicles. As PEM-fuel cells units with utilisation of    heated-water circulation water for heating of living    accommodation, apartments, housing etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Makes use of heat given off by fuel cell installation components.
(WO200037304-A1)   NOVELTY - The vehicle has a body with a modular chassis (1,3) and modular running gear (2), whereby there are drive units mounted both in the chassis and running gear. The chassis is made in periodic and/or spatial (three-dimensional) form.    USE - Especially a vehicle with a chemical-electrical converter and at least one electric motor.    ADVANTAGE - The compact, robust vehicle fully exploits the new technology of chemical-electrical conversion for safe transportation of people and goods and decentralized output of electrical energy.
(JP2000243433-A)   NOVELTY - The electrode assembly (4) of the alkaline storage battery has a side end along a longitudinal axis of an anode, protruding upwardly from the assembly, and a second side along the longitudinal axis of a cathode protruding downward.    USE - For use in electric vehicles, cellular phones and portable computers.    ADVANTAGE - Simple structure, excellent vibration and shock resistance and large current discharge characteristics.
(EP1056613-A1)   NOVELTY - The system has a power supply (B) which is connected to an electronic control device, pilot electronic box (C1) and an electric machine for starting the cooling fan (V). A pilot circuit is arranged between control device and electric machine. The electric machine is controlled by an application program which makes machine to conduct, based on parameter function and command inside and outside the system.    USE - Electric fans for car radiators.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces power consumption by the pilot circuit. Eases controlling by providing electronic power switches in circuit.
(DE19857978-C1)   NOVELTY - The method involves measuring the on-board supply voltage and varying a signal for driving the control drive (13) in accordance with the measured voltage level so that the same voltage is always applied to the control drive.    USE - For operating a control drive for a motor vehicle with different on-board voltages.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reliable operation with different on-board supply voltages.
(FR2788383-A1)   NOVELTY - Station (2) has charge (3) and modulator/demodulator (4) with transformer (5) having three windings (6, 7, 10) coupled by magnetic circuits. Two first windings (6, 7) are linked to charge; winding (6) is between network (1) and first line terminal (8) and winding (7) is between second line terminal (9) and earth.    USE - For coupling station to electricity supply network, and especially for connecting network stations for a car.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies cabling.
(EP1059190-A1)   NOVELTY - The electric vehicle power supply system (402) in which the actual capacity, i.e. the maximum capacity learned value at the present time, of a chargeable battery (400) when the battery (400) is used cyclically is found, comprises a discharging device (403) for performing a refresh discharging of the battery (400). A discharging controller (404) controls the discharging device (403) so that the refresh discharging is performed with a discharging current, the waveform of which includes a pulse waveform. An actual capacity learning device (405) finds the actual capacity of the battery (400) from the discharge capacity including the discharging capacity during the refresh discharging.    USE - For electric vehicle.    (CN1291949-A)   NOVELTY - The electric vehicle power supply system (402) in which the actual capacity, i.e. the maximum capacity learned value at the present time, of a chargeable battery (400) when the battery (400) is used cyclically is found, comprises a discharging device (403) for performing a refresh discharging of the battery (400). A discharging controller (404) controls the discharging device (403) so that the refresh discharging is performed with a discharging current, the waveform of which includes a pulse waveform. An actual capacity learning device (405) finds the actual capacity of the battery (400) from the discharge capacity including the discharging capacity during the refresh discharging.    USE - For electric vehicle.
(JP2000184508-A)   NOVELTY - The series hybrid drive system comprises a number of series-connected capacitor cells instead of a secondary battery to form a capacitor bank as a storage device. Parallel monitors are each connected across each of the capacitor cells to bypass discharge current when a predetermined terminal voltage is reached, and switching converters having a constant current output characteristic control charging current for the capacitor bank.    USE - For series hybrid electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Improved fuel efficiency and running cost.
(DE19859036-A1)   NOVELTY - The on-board network has a primary system (20) consisting of a generator, an on-board network battery and at least one load in a parallel circuit and a secondary system (30) connected in parallel with the primary system. The primary system has a driven DC/DC converter connected to a super capacitor that can be charged or discharged according to the vehicle's operating state. The super capacitor is preferably. charged during phases when the vehicle is being driven.    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Substantially eliminates loading of the on-board network battery with cyclic charging and discharging.
(EP1036683-A2)   NOVELTY - Foam (28) edge-fastens the transparent cover (12) to the surrounding carrier (26). It is sealed against ingress into the outer gripping region (24), by the elastic sheet composite (16, 18, 22) containing the solar cells. At the same time, the sheet composite is edge-clamped between the carrier and the transparent cover.    USE - A construction combining a sheet solar cell composite with a transparent roof cover in a vehicle, using foam for sealing and bonding.    ADVANTAGE - Better sealing, lower cost and a suitable method are offered. Presenting a sealing channel which the foam can enter, improves the seal, whilst edge clamping of the sheet composite prevents excessive foam penetration.
(US6171718-B1)   NOVELTY - Supercharger (62) in fluid communication with exhaust passage (38) selectively pressurizes process exhaust stream and sends it to pressurized condensing heat exchanger (66). The exchanger has pressure valve (10) at outlet (72) to restrict discharge of process exhaust stream to outside, to pressurize within exchanger. The exchanger directs condensed water to coolant loop (42) via condensed water line (80).    USE - For fuel cell power plant used to produce electrical energy from reducing and oxidizing fluids to power electrical apparatus such as electric vehicles for transportation, portable or stationary power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Adjusts pressure high enough for recovering appropriate amount of water to maintain the fuel cell power plant in water balance at a particular process exhaust stream temperature achieved by high temperature ambient air cooling fluid. Since the process exhaust is restricted to be discharged, and pressurized inside the heat exchanger to about 20 pounds per square inch, fuel cell power plant is prevented from moving out of water balance. Provides the recovery system that requires only temporary parasitic power demands to enhance water recovery during short-duration hot weather operations and thereby permits the plant to operate more efficiently under normal non-hot weather operations. Increases heat rejection capacity of condensing heat exchanger of plant during hot weather operation. Increases water recovery capacity of the plant without altering structural characteristics or operation of fuel cell and/or coolant loop components of plant.
(FR2787243-A1)   NOVELTY - The nonaqueous solvent comprises (a) a saturated cyclic carbonate, (b) an unsaturated cyclic carbonate, and (c) a straight chain ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. The negative electrode contains a fluorine free polymer binder.    USE - Used for electricity generation, e.g., in electric vehicles or radio communications applications.    ADVANTAGE - The battery performs well at temperatures at most -20 degrees C.    (JP2000182670-A)   NOVELTY - The nonaqueous solvent comprises (a) a saturated cyclic carbonate, (b) an unsaturated cyclic carbonate, and (c) a straight chain ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. The negative electrode contains a fluorine free polymer binder.    USE - Used for electricity generation, e.g., in electric vehicles or radio communications applications.    ADVANTAGE - The battery performs well at temperatures at most -20 degrees C.    (US2001019800-A1)   NOVELTY - The nonaqueous solvent comprises (a) a saturated cyclic carbonate, (b) an unsaturated cyclic carbonate, and (c) a straight chain ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. The negative electrode contains a fluorine free polymer binder.    USE - Used for electricity generation, e.g., in electric vehicles or radio communications applications.    ADVANTAGE - The battery performs well at temperatures at most -20 degrees C.
(WO200039499-A1)   NOVELTY - A pressurized gas storage arrangement comprises a closed container (11) with an inlet/outlet (14), and containing a carbon nano-structure conglomerate adsorbent of higher apparent density than the original carbon material. The container also has a gas contents gauge (20).    USE - Gas storage, particularly hydrogen at up to 150 bar, e.g. fuel supply for hydrogen propelled vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Use of carbon nano-structures as adsorbent particles in cylinders provides significantly greater storage capacity than the previously used finely divided metal , and the weight of the cylinder is also reduced. The system allows the use of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detector device as a cost effective fuel / contents gauge.
(JP2000268824-A)   NOVELTY - The battery comprises a positive electrode (13), a negative electrode (16) containing a lithium ion-storage/dischargeable negative electrode active material and lithium ion conductive, non-aqueous electrolytic solution or polymer electrolyte. The negative electrode active material contains a carbonaceous material and particles comprising element(s) capable of forming a compound with lithium. The elements have a melting point of at least 900degreesC and a thermal expansion coefficient of not more than 9 ppm/K at room temperature. The particles are imbedded in layers of the carbonaceous materials, and together with a carbonaceous material are subjected to a mechanical treatment to make size reduction of the initial particle sizes in advance.    USE - For lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has distinguished charging/discharging characteristics such as a higher voltage, a higher energy density, a higher charging/discharging capacity and a longer cycle life as well as improved safety.
(JP2000184609-A)   NOVELTY - Forced discharging circuits (D1,D2,D3,D4) each of which is configured by connecting in series a transistor (2), a reverse blocking Zener diode (3), and a discharging resistor (4) are connected between positive and negative output terminals of cells (C1-C4), respectively. In each of the Zener diodes, the Zener voltage is set to be equal to the cut-off voltage of discharge of the corresponding cell. The bases of the transistors are connected to a switching control circuit (5).    USE - For traction battery of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Capacities of cells of battery group can be leveled to enhance reliability of system.    (US6169385-B1)   NOVELTY - Forced discharging circuits (D1,D2,D3,D4) each of which is configured by connecting in series a transistor (2), a reverse blocking Zener diode (3), and a discharging resistor (4) are connected between positive and negative output terminals of cells (C1-C4), respectively. In each of the Zener diodes, the Zener voltage is set to be equal to the cut-off voltage of discharge of the corresponding cell. The bases of the transistors are connected to a switching control circuit (5).    USE - For traction battery of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Capacities of cells of battery group can be leveled to enhance reliability of system.
(JP2000173635-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell process air is charged in two stages. In one stage, it is charged by a compressor (ML) and in the other stage, by a combined expansion and compression machine (ATL), preferably an exhaust turbocharger. Hence the gas expansion is used for the compression of charge air.    USE - For fuel cell system used in automobile, railway system, methanol cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides high pressure, recovers energy from exhaust gas, high efficiency, flexible arrangement for assembly of components, operates oil free.    (DE19856499-C1)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell process air is charged in two stages. In one stage, it is charged by a compressor (ML) and in the other stage, by a combined expansion and compression machine (ATL), preferably an exhaust turbocharger. Hence the gas expansion is used for the compression of charge air.    USE - For fuel cell system used in automobile, railway system, methanol cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides high pressure, recovers energy from exhaust gas, high efficiency, flexible arrangement for assembly of components, operates oil free.
(DE19857398-A1)   NOVELTY - System has two fuel cell stacks of different operating temperatures connected to common cooling circuit. The low temperature stack (1) has typical operating temperature of 80 degrees C and high temperature stack (2) has over 100 degree C operating temperature. Process gasses are fed first to high temperature stack and coolant flows from high temperature stack to low temperature stack.    USE - Supplies power for electrically-driven vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Quickly reaches operating temperature, supplies power in warm-up period, quick warm-up period
(DE19952813-A1)   NOVELTY - On board a main road vehicle, such as a motor car, lorry, bus or similar is an electrical circuit for lighting, ignition, or the like and a device for transporting a small vehicle, such as a bicycle, scooter, tricycle, wheelchair or similar. In the area of the transport device is a retainer (3) for a small electric vehicle. The small vehicle (1) has an electrical drive (2) and a rechargeable battery.    USE - Electrically driven small vehicle carried in a transport vehicle capable of recharging small vehicle battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery of the small vehicle can be charged during transport without cost with no time lost in having to charge the battery separately away from the transport vehicle.
(JP2000185903-A)   NOVELTY - The controller comprises a raw fuel quantity determinator for determining the quantity of fuel supplied to a heater (3), and a target temperature setter for setting the target temperature of the raw fuel on the basis of the quantity of raw fuel determined by the determinator.    USE - Controller for fuel reformer which generates a mixed vapor by heating raw fuel, e.g. methanol, and reforms the mixed vapor to a desired fuel, e.g. a gas containing rich hydrogen, for use in a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Melting of the burner and damage suffered as a result are prevented. Transient responsibility of a control for heating raw fuel is improved.
(US6223843-B1)   NOVELTY - The electrochemical propulsion system (10) in a vehicle (20) comprises an electrochemical engine (12) and a drive system (48). Fuel is supplied to a hydrogen generator (26), which includes a combustor (28) and a reformer (30) having a partial oxidation reactor. The combustor supplies heat to the reformer which partially oxidizes and reforms the fuel to produce a hydrogen containing gas.    USE - For generating electricity to power a drive system for propelling a vehicle such as passenger car, truck, or van.    ADVANTAGE - The hardware is arranged in close proximity, thus shorter interconnect lengths are required which minimizes the system pressure drop.
(US6287717-B1)   NOVELTY - A electrode-membrane combination has at least one reactant diffusive electronically conducting electrode (1, 3) with a catalytically active metal(s) and an ionically conductive polymer(s); and an ionically conducting membrane(s) (2) contacting the electrode to form an electrode-membrane interfacial region (4, 5). T    USE - For use in a fuel cell. The invention is versatile and can be used in a variety of applications including (i) transportation vehicles, e.g. cars, trucks and buses which have requirements including high power density and low cost; (ii) stationary power applications, where high efficiency and long life are required; and (iii) portable power applications, e.g. portable televisions, fans and other consumer products.    ADVANTAGE - The invention improves power output with better catalyst utilization. It can be applied to different fuel cell reactants and the process scalability has been demonstrated. It is commercially realistic. In addition, multiple methods can be used to prepare the structures and can be tailored to different commercial applications. More precise design and control is now possible. The zone of catalyst metal does not upset the water balance of the fuel cell system.
(JP2000228178-A)   NOVELTY - The positive (18) and negative (19) electrode terminals of the battery of groups of secondary batteries (12) and the input/output terminals (20) of cell control units (14A-P) are provided in an external casing. A modular casing (13A, 13B) that contains the secondary batteries is housed in a housing spacing to constitute an all-in-one unit.    USE - For e.g. hybrid vehicle using both battery and internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - Allows several lithium ion batteries to be used to power an electric vehicle.
(DE19851498-A1)   NOVELTY - A composition containing (A) 30-99.5 wt% sulfonated aromatic polyether-ketone with an ion exchange capacity of 1.3-4.0 meq (-SO3H)/g polymer and (B) 0.5-70 wt% polybenzimidazole.    USE - Membranes based on this composition are used in fuel cells, especially direct methanol fuel cells, in high-performance condensers or for electrodialysis or ultrafiltration (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A composition based on low-cost materials, enabling the production of high-performance membranes with excellent electrical properties (especially conductivity), excellent mechanical properties, high stability towards boiling water (more than 50 hours, compared with 2-3 hours for membranes based on sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone) and a low content of residual solvent.
(WO200029234-A1)   NOVELTY - The module comprises flat sections (12, 14) connected together by foaming (20) around them.    USE - To make a roof module for a vehicle, optionally including solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method combines numbers of flat sections, such that manufacture, handling and mounting are simplified. It is not limited to a single type of section, so that solar cells, glass, and opaque, finished panels can be combined in a single module. Foaming achieves a flush, designer finish.    (EP1128972-A1)   NOVELTY - The module comprises flat sections (12, 14) connected together by foaming (20) around them.    USE - To make a roof module for a vehicle, optionally including solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method combines numbers of flat sections, such that manufacture, handling and mounting are simplified. It is not limited to a single type of section, so that solar cells, glass, and opaque, finished panels can be combined in a single module. Foaming achieves a flush, designer finish.
(WO200027672-A1)   NOVELTY - The functional group has a supply line between the rechargeable battery and the inductive load, which is connected to the storage device (10) via an electronic power unit that switches at high frequency. The supply line has a core conductor (12') connected to one pole (10a) of the battery and a casing conductor (12) enclosing the core conductor and connected to the other pole (10b) of the battery.    USE - For motor vehicle with battery and connected inductive load, especially with AC motor connected in drive train of combustion engine as a starter, generator or vibration damper.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a connecting line to be provided between a battery and an inductive load connected to it via a fast-acting power switch.    (EP1126997-A1)   NOVELTY - The functional group has a supply line between the rechargeable battery and the inductive load, which is connected to the storage device (10) via an electronic power unit that switches at high frequency. The supply line has a core conductor (12') connected to one pole (10a) of the battery and a casing conductor (12) enclosing the core conductor and connected to the other pole (10b) of the battery.    USE - For motor vehicle with battery and connected inductive load, especially with AC motor connected in drive train of combustion engine as a starter, generator or vibration damper.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a connecting line to be provided between a battery and an inductive load connected to it via a fast-acting power switch.
(DE19849674-C2)   NOVELTY - The door unlocking device uses a back-up battery (13) coupled to a non-electrical energy store (14), used for release of the electrically-operated door locking element (15) for an automobile door lock (16), in response to a signal provided by a voltage monitoring circuit (12), detecting failure of the automobile battery (10).    USE - The device is used for emergency unlocking of a door lock for an automobile with centralized locking.    ADVANTAGE - The device ensures safe operation of a central locking system.
(DE19950143-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel-battery system has a CO-densitometer (7) in the modifier (1). A three-way selector valve (9) is provided for changing the supply of heating gas to the fuel-battery stack. A burner (3) is also provided to burn the heated gas ejected from the fuel-battery stack.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel batteries used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the provision of CO-densitometer in modifier prevents the carbon-monoxide poisoning of electrode catalyst, easy control of fuel-battery system during starting process ensured.
(JP2000150170-A)   NOVELTY - A fluorocarbon based conductive polymer is prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas.    USE - Fluorocarbon based conductive polymer prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas, for organic light-emitting device, electrodes for battery, fuel cells, electrochromic, chemical and biochemical sensors, ion exchange and release devices, and neutron detection.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are highly conductive and have excellent conformality, sufficient durability, and good adhesion to substrates. The process is simpler than the conventional methods to fabricate conductive polymers. Hole injection is enhanced, and the device operational stability is improved.    (US6208075-B1)   NOVELTY - A fluorocarbon based conductive polymer is prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas.    USE - Fluorocarbon based conductive polymer prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas, for organic light-emitting device, electrodes for battery, fuel cells, electrochromic, chemical and biochemical sensors, ion exchange and release devices, and neutron detection.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are highly conductive and have excellent conformality, sufficient durability, and good adhesion to substrates. The process is simpler than the conventional methods to fabricate conductive polymers. Hole injection is enhanced, and the device operational stability is improved.
(US6119794-A)   NOVELTY - The electric tool is designed so that the hollow cylinder (22) of the fixing partition (2) is inserted in the shaft hole (431) located in the middle of the driven gear (43). So that the driven gear is engaged in the drive gear (12) fitted at the front end of the reversing motor (1), to transmit the driving power.    USE - Vehicle tyre assembly and dismantling of associated parts.    ADVANTAGE - The configuration is considerably simplified so that prodn. and assembly becomes easier and prodn. costs are lowered in order to exchange tires without necessity of towing vehicle to repair workshop or garage.
(US6107787-A)   NOVELTY - Power supply (10) provides step function voltage signal to oscillator (20) based on voltage output by vehicle battery. The oscillator outputs triangular voltage signal in response to signal from power supply. Comparator (40) compares magnitude of triangular voltage signal with reference voltage to output pulse width modulation signal that is received by power FET driver (80) to illuminate dashboard light.    USE - For controlling power to dashboard dimmer light for vehicle e.g. car, truck etc.    ADVANTAGE - Minimizes heat generated and reduces need for heat since by inclusion of low ON-resistance MOSFET in power driver.    (GB2358973-A)   NOVELTY - Power supply (10) provides step function voltage signal to oscillator (20) based on voltage output by vehicle battery. The oscillator outputs triangular voltage signal in response to signal from power supply. Comparator (40) compares magnitude of triangular voltage signal with reference voltage to output pulse width modulation signal that is received by power FET driver (80) to illuminate dashboard light.    USE - For controlling power to dashboard dimmer light for vehicle e.g. car, truck etc.    ADVANTAGE - Minimizes heat generated and reduces need for heat since by inclusion of low ON-resistance MOSFET in power driver.
(US6197450-B1)   NOVELTY - Thin film micro-electrochemical energy storage cells (MEESC) has two thin layer electrodes, an intermediate thin layer of a solid electrolyte and current collector layers deposited throughout the inner surface of cavities and on both surfaces of the substrate. The cavities have arbitrary shape with high aspect ratio.    USE - The micro-electrochemical energy storage cell e.g., microbattery, or double-layer capacitor, can be applied to computer memory back-up and many other uses e.g., autonomous micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).    ADVANTAGE - The invented MEESC has a superior performance and has up to two orders of magnitude increase in capacity due to the increase in available area for thin film deposition that leads to an increase in volume.
(WO200019554-A1)   NOVELTY - The sub-assembly which forms an electrochemical cell consists of a flow frame (46), a bipolar electrode (43) and an ion-selective membrane (45) mounted onto the frame. These sub-assemblies are stacked together to create an array of electrochemical cells, with separate anolyte and catholyte chambers contained within the cell.    USE - For the storage and delivery of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - By creating a self repeating structure within the electrochemical cell, in this case the flow frame, the resistance to damaging shunt currents is increased. It also distributes the flow of electrolyte through the system evenly.    (EP1119880-A1)   NOVELTY - The sub-assembly which forms an electrochemical cell consists of a flow frame (46), a bipolar electrode (43) and an ion-selective membrane (45) mounted onto the frame. These sub-assemblies are stacked together to create an array of electrochemical cells, with separate anolyte and catholyte chambers contained within the cell.    USE - For the storage and delivery of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - By creating a self repeating structure within the electrochemical cell, in this case the flow frame, the resistance to damaging shunt currents is increased. It also distributes the flow of electrolyte through the system evenly.
(WO200023295-A1)   NOVELTY - The IC engine (12) has direct fuel injection designed for good fuel economy under moderate loads using a stratified weak mixture. Its crankshaft (18) is directly connected to a fly-wheel integrated with the rotor (16) of the electric motor (14), which interposed between the engine and the transmission (20). An electronic management unit (22) controls engine and motor operation, primarily to meet the net torque output demanded by the driver through accelerator pedal depression.    USE - Power unit for a hybrid vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Minimal fuel consumption combined with good pollution control.
(JP2000144214-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen absorbing alloy powder comprises particles of flaky shape having a thickness of at most 10 microns and an aspect ratio of longitudinal diameter relative to thickness of at least 10. The structure comprises columns extending from one surface towards another surface of flat surfaces.    USE - For nickel-hydrogen batteries, heat pumps and hydrogen storage medium for fuel cells (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Flow length of the melt flow is reduced, allowing efficient dividing of the melt by atomizing.
(JP2000110727-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves outputting a command to block a water feed (17) if the power output of the fuel cell (10) is to be interrupted whilst the compressor (11) is operating; detecting (23) moisture in the process air from the compressor after blocking the water feed and outputting a command to switch off the compressor if the detected moisture has fallen to a predefined value.    USE - For motor vehicle fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces energy losses, and freezing of the compressor in a motor vehicle fuel cell system is reliably prevented.
(WO200027071-A2)      A two wire input line (E) is connected via a separating    resistor (21) in each line branch with a two-wire output line    (A). An electrically controllable switch (22) is parallel to each resistor. Each switch has two FETs (M1, M2 or M3, M4) in series and a resistor (R3 or R4). A control circuit (23) serves to activate the switch.    The control switch has a comparator (231) for the input voltage, comparator of the output voltages, an input side evaluation unit (233), output side evaluation unit (234), AND gate (235), OR gate (236), bridge (237), drive unit (238) and charge pump (239). The driver unit is only activated when the bridge is open and a minimum input voltage, minimum output voltage and a control word to shut the controllable switch    (22) is recognized either on the input or the output side.    USE -   For ring bus system, ignition bus for air bag.    (EP1125403-A2)      A two wire input line (E) is connected via a separating    resistor (21) in each line branch with a two-wire output line    (A). An electrically controllable switch (22) is parallel to each resistor. Each switch has two FETs (M1, M2 or M3, M4) in series and a resistor (R3 or R4). A control circuit (23) serves to activate the switch.    The control switch has a comparator (231) for the input voltage, comparator of the output voltages, an input side evaluation unit (233), output side evaluation unit (234), AND gate (235), OR gate (236), bridge (237), drive unit (238) and charge pump (239). The driver unit is only activated when the bridge is open and a minimum input voltage, minimum output voltage and a control word to shut the controllable switch    (22) is recognized either on the input or the output side.    USE -   For ring bus system, ignition bus for air bag.
(DE19946694-A1)   NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon type solid polymer electrolyte film (1) includes at least one catalyst among oxide catalyst, a large cyclic metal complex catalyst and transition metal alloy catalyst.    USE - For fuel battery of electrically driven motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the electrolyte film consists of at least one type of catalyst, high durable inexpensive solid polymer electrolyte film is obtained.
(DE19849054-C2)   NOVELTY - Process for change state control involves monitoring of the battery charge state so that when the necessary conditions and requirement for a normalizing charge process are present during driving operation a normalizing process is automatically triggered and carried out.    USE - The process is for use with hybrid drive systems in automobiles, where the normal battery charge state is between 30 and 80 percent of normal capacity, but where it is necessary occasionally to carry out a normalizing charge process where the battery is fully charged.    ADVANTAGE - The process can be triggered and executed during drive operation of the vehicle, where previously it has been necessary to connect the vehicle to an external power network.
(JP2000125402-A)   NOVELTY - The car has power take-out mechanisms (8,9,10a,10b,10c) to transmit the rotation of a car power transmission mechanism to auxiliary machines (20,21), an electromagnetic clutch (11), and judging means (30-32) for the control system of an auxiliary machinery motor (22) is normal or abnormal are provided. If the control system is judged to be normal, the electromagnetic clutch is kept cut, if abnormal, the electromagnetic clutch is kept in connection state.    USE - For auxiliary driver in a car.    ADVANTAGE - Thus, the auxiliary machinery is driven by the torque of the power transmission mechanism. Therefore, in case the control system falls abnormal, the auxiliary machinery can be driven and the car can maintain its normal travelling.    (EP1129887-A1)   NOVELTY - The car has power take-out mechanisms (8,9,10a,10b,10c) to transmit the rotation of a car power transmission mechanism to auxiliary machines (20,21), an electromagnetic clutch (11), and judging means (30-32) for the control system of an auxiliary machinery motor (22) is normal or abnormal are provided. If the control system is judged to be normal, the electromagnetic clutch is kept cut, if abnormal, the electromagnetic clutch is kept in connection state.    USE - For auxiliary driver in a car.    ADVANTAGE - Thus, the auxiliary machinery is driven by the torque of the power transmission mechanism. Therefore, in case the control system falls abnormal, the auxiliary machinery can be driven and the car can maintain its normal travelling.
(EP1124754-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage composition comprises an aluminum hydride-based complex. The complex incorporates at least one member which is an element, metal, metal hydride or another aluminum hydride complex.    USE - For supplying hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits reversible properties that is hydrogenation/dehydrogenation at moderately elevated temperatures of 80 - 180 degreesC, especially 100 - 150 degreesC and has an hydrogen capacity exceeding 2 wt. %. Excellent hydrogen sorption properties are observed when the mixtures are in the monocrystalline form and when the components are extremely finely intermixed.    (US2001018939-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage composition comprises an aluminum hydride-based complex. The complex incorporates at least one member which is an element, metal, metal hydride or another aluminum hydride complex.    USE - For supplying hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits reversible properties that is hydrogenation/dehydrogenation at moderately elevated temperatures of 80 - 180 degreesC, especially 100 - 150 degreesC and has an hydrogen capacity exceeding 2 wt. %. Excellent hydrogen sorption properties are observed when the mixtures are in the monocrystalline form and when the components are extremely finely intermixed.
(EP1000811-A2)   NOVELTY - The control device (A) is coupled to a switch (S1) for controlling the voltage supply for an electrical load (V), allowing the load to be supplied for a limited duration, e.g. of one hour, in one state of the control device, or allowing the load to be supplied for an unrestricted duration in the second state of the control device.    USE - The control device is used for preventing complete drainage of the vehicle battery during delivery from the manufacturer to the customer.    ADVANTAGE - The state of the control device is easily switched via a diagnosis device at a customer service point.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell arrangement comprises a sulfur filter (4) which is provided before sulfur-sensitive reformer parts (7) in the flow direction of a process gas, e.g. natural gas. Sulfur-resistant parts (2) are arranged before the sulfur filter. A three-way valve (3) is directly arranged before the sulfur filter, the third connection of the valve being connected to a line (5) that introduces oxygen-containing regeneration gas. A further three-way valve (6) is directly arranged after the sulfur filter and is connected to a waste gas line (8).    USE - As a fuel cell arrangement.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement has a simple construction and the sulfur filter can be quickly regenerated.
NOVELTY - The heating plant has a fuel cell arrangement and a parallel additional burner. Both are located in a common or two separate housing/s, formed as underpressure chamber/s. The housing has a common combined combustion air outlet pipe (10,17). The air and exhaust pipes (9,15,7,8) of additional burner and fuel cell arrangement, extend through a common collector (16), which is connected to the combustion air outlet pipe. The air pipe (9) leading to the additional burner is connected to the combustion air pipe (17) via a return valve (14) located in a dividing wall (18), through which the exhaust pipe also extends.    USE - Heater system incorporating fuel cell arrangement and additional burner with separate heat exchanger.    ADVANTAGE - Very simple construction, prevents escape of e.g. CO2 into rooms.    (DE10014105-A1)   NOVELTY - The heating plant has a fuel cell arrangement and a parallel additional burner. Both are located in a common or two separate housing/s, formed as underpressure chamber/s. The housing has a common combined combustion air outlet pipe (10,17). The air and exhaust pipes (9,15,7,8) of additional burner and fuel cell arrangement, extend through a common collector (16), which is connected to the combustion air outlet pipe. The air pipe (9) leading to the additional burner is connected to the combustion air pipe (17) via a return valve (14) located in a dividing wall (18), through which the exhaust pipe also extends.    USE - Heater system incorporating fuel cell arrangement and additional burner with separate heat exchanger.    ADVANTAGE - Very simple construction, prevents escape of e.g. CO2 into rooms.
(EP1129501-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar plate (5) for fuel cells, comprises a substrate with a coating of an electrocatalytically-active material.    USE - For fuel cells, particularly for conducting current from the anode of one cell unit to the cathode of the adjacent cell unit and/or distributing fluid, which comprises a substrate with a coating of an electrocatalytically-active material.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical conductivity of bipolar plates is increased.
(JP2000100457-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack comprises several unit cells. Each unit cell comprises a polymer electrolyte film, a pair of electrodes, and a pair of separators. The separator has a laminate structure. The laminate structure comprises a gas-tight conductive plate A and another conductive plate B. At least one slit continuously meanders from one end to another end of the conductive plate B.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable power sources, electric vehicle power sources, and domestic cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of the separator reduces the thickness of the separator, thus, the manufacturing cost is reduced. The sealing of the fuel cell stack is improved by sealing its side faces. The assembly of the fuel stack is simplified.    (EP1116295-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack comprises several unit cells. Each unit cell comprises a polymer electrolyte film, a pair of electrodes, and a pair of separators. The separator has a laminate structure. The laminate structure comprises a gas-tight conductive plate A and another conductive plate B. At least one slit continuously meanders from one end to another end of the conductive plate B.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable power sources, electric vehicle power sources, and domestic cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement of the separator reduces the thickness of the separator, thus, the manufacturing cost is reduced. The sealing of the fuel cell stack is improved by sealing its side faces. The assembly of the fuel stack is simplified.
(DE19983564-T)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (93) generates energy by using the reaction product from a modified engine (92) which acts as an internal combustion engine for a modifier and power generation and has a piston and a number of reaction chambers. The internal temperature of the reaction chambers is raised to above the self igniting temperature of material in the atmosphere in the material reaction chambers.    USE - Fuel cell for vehicles.
(EP1116296-A1)   NOVELTY - A cooling subsystem includes a coolant comprising a mixture of water and a glycol solvent, and a circulation loop comprising an ion-exchange unit.    USE - For providing antifreeze and corrosion protection for a fuel cell system i.e., solid polymer fuel cell system. The fuel cell system can be used in automotive applications and back-up or remote power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Liquid-cooled fuel cell system equipped with a glycol-based cooling subsystem of this invention can be operated for a substantial period of time without suffering significant corrosion and without needing replacement or servicing of the ion exchange unit.
(DE19850153-A1)      The semiconductor circuit arrangement includes a first circuit plane (E1) with a power-unit with semiconductors arranged on a substrate (S) surface, especially a circuit board (DCB). A second circuit plane is arranged over the first and carries on its surface, a DC-link circuit board (ZP) especially a multilayer circuit board.    A third circuit plane (E3) is narrowly spaced above the second circuit plane and has a retaining plate (AL1), especially a highly heat-conducting aluminium plate. Positioning securement is provided for the free-ends facing away from the contacting end of the DC-link components (C;L) by the retaining plate.    USE -   Especially for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Suitable for mass production with low manufacturing costs. Provides compact design.
(JP2000109301-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus comprises fuel gas passage (5) with reformer (6) to generate hydrogen-rich reformate gas. The cathode side (4) has an oxidizing passage (7) formed with air pump (9) supplying the oxidizing air. The flow inlet (8) has pressure sensor (10) and temperature sensor (11) to detect air pressure supplied.    USE - For controlling the supply amount of oxidizing gas to a fuel cell obtaining electric power by electrochemical reaction. For e.g. electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The control apparatus is capable of enhancing the substantial power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and stabilizes the output of the fuel cell.    (JP2000223140-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus comprises fuel gas passage (5) with reformer (6) to generate hydrogen-rich reformate gas. The cathode side (4) has an oxidizing passage (7) formed with air pump (9) supplying the oxidizing air. The flow inlet (8) has pressure sensor (10) and temperature sensor (11) to detect air pressure supplied.    USE - For controlling the supply amount of oxidizing gas to a fuel cell obtaining electric power by electrochemical reaction. For e.g. electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The control apparatus is capable of enhancing the substantial power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and stabilizes the output of the fuel cell.
(DE19845563-A1)   NOVELTY - A vehicle electrical supply control device (1) measures a vehicle's battery (5) voltage, comparing the measured voltage with set values stored in a set value memory (4), while connected to a status meter (6), whose meter status is raised or lowered depending on the status of the vehicle's electrical supply and consequently shows a balance for this status.    USE - To determine critical status in a vehicle's electrical supply system.    ADVANTAGE - This method is simple. Consumers can be disconnected in the start phase depending on priority.    (DE19845563-C2)   NOVELTY - A vehicle electrical supply control device (1) measures a vehicle's battery (5) voltage, comparing the measured voltage with set values stored in a set value memory (4), while connected to a status meter (6), whose meter status is raised or lowered depending on the status of the vehicle's electrical supply and consequently shows a balance for this status.    USE - To determine critical status in a vehicle's electrical supply system.    ADVANTAGE - This method is simple. Consumers can be disconnected in the start phase depending on priority.
(JP2000113400-A)   NOVELTY - The system has a leading vehicle (101) driven by a driver and a following vehicle (102, 103) automatically controllable to run in follow mode to the leading vehicle, the following vehicle includes status detector (128) detecting a status of the follows vehicle. A transmitter (53) transmits the detected status of the following vehicle to the leading vehicle. The leading vehicle has a receiver (53) to receive the status of the following vehicle transmitted by the transmitter. An indicator (81, 82) indicates a malfunction of the following vehicle if the received status of the following vehicle containing status information indicative of the malfunction.    USE - For controlling platoon of unattended following vehicles to automatically run in follow mode to attended leading vehicle driven by driver.    ADVANTAGE - Takes appropriates action depending on malfunction of following vehicle. Makes following vehicles free of any human drivers.    (US6128559-A)   NOVELTY - The system has a leading vehicle (101) driven by a driver and a following vehicle (102, 103) automatically controllable to run in follow mode to the leading vehicle, the following vehicle includes status detector (128) detecting a status of the follows vehicle. A transmitter (53) transmits the detected status of the following vehicle to the leading vehicle. The leading vehicle has a receiver (53) to receive the status of the following vehicle transmitted by the transmitter. An indicator (81, 82) indicates a malfunction of the following vehicle if the received status of the following vehicle containing status information indicative of the malfunction.    USE - For controlling platoon of unattended following vehicles to automatically run in follow mode to attended leading vehicle driven by driver.    ADVANTAGE - Takes appropriates action depending on malfunction of following vehicle. Makes following vehicles free of any human drivers.
(JP2000100461-A)   NOVELTY - A gas compressor (6) and a bypass (B,8) are provided between a hydrogen tank (1) and a fuel cell (2). When the hydrogen gas pressure is low during an initial period of the releasing operation, the gas compressor is operated. When the pressure becomes sufficiently high due to normalization of the operation of the fuel cell, the gas compressor is stopped and hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell via the bypass.    USE - Hydrogen storage tank can also be used as part of a vehicle propulsion system    ADVANTAGE - Excellent energy conservation while providing low temperature starting
(DE19842657-A1)   NOVELTY - The two battery system includes a controllable electronic switch (13) arranged parallel to the power switch (10). The controllable electronic switch is a MOSFET. The drain connection of the MOSFET is connected with the starter battery (2) and the source connection with the motor vehicle on board battery (6).    USE - Motor vehicle power supply system.    ADVANTAGE - The starter battery is only loaded in the starting phase, but can be charged each time if the load condition allows it, and only needs a small engineering circuit cost.    (US6229279-B1)   NOVELTY - The two battery system includes a controllable electronic switch (13) arranged parallel to the power switch (10). The controllable electronic switch is a MOSFET. The drain connection of the MOSFET is connected with the starter battery (2) and the source connection with the motor vehicle on board battery (6).    USE - Motor vehicle power supply system.    ADVANTAGE - The starter battery is only loaded in the starting phase, but can be charged each time if the load condition allows it, and only needs a small engineering circuit cost.
(JP2000173633-A)   NOVELTY - A cell unit (100) has ribs (311) formed inwardly to press support a cell (20) provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolytic film in a plate so that a flow path is formed between the rib and an electrode to circulate a humidification agent. A water retention layer with a water holding capacity within 0.002-0.035 g/cm2 is formed on the rib through humidification agent is circulated.    USE - In solid state polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to moisturize electrolyte film by providing a water keeping layer. Facilitates mass production of cell by producing rib with compression molding.
(WO200019225-A1)   NOVELTY - The method comprises: providing a battery (124) to be tested; providing a test electrical load (126 for connection to the battery; providing a control circuit (122) to connect the load to the battery for an interval of less than one second, and providing analysis unit (132) to analyze the battery's reaction to the load.    USE - For roadside testing of vehicle batteries by assistance patrol personnel, and also in diagnostic and service orientated applications. May also be used on other types of battery.    ADVANTAGE - May be used in adverse weather conditions, on a large variety of vehicles. Is controlled by the user's thumb.    (CN1287618-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises: providing a battery (124) to be tested; providing a test electrical load (126 for connection to the battery; providing a control circuit (122) to connect the load to the battery for an interval of less than one second, and providing analysis unit (132) to analyze the battery's reaction to the load.    USE - For roadside testing of vehicle batteries by assistance patrol personnel, and also in diagnostic and service orientated applications. May also be used on other types of battery.    ADVANTAGE - May be used in adverse weather conditions, on a large variety of vehicles. Is controlled by the user's thumb.    (US6268732-B1)   NOVELTY - The method comprises: providing a battery (124) to be tested; providing a test electrical load (126 for connection to the battery; providing a control circuit (122) to connect the load to the battery for an interval of less than one second, and providing analysis unit (132) to analyze the battery's reaction to the load.    USE - For roadside testing of vehicle batteries by assistance patrol personnel, and also in diagnostic and service orientated applications. May also be used on other types of battery.    ADVANTAGE - May be used in adverse weather conditions, on a large variety of vehicles. Is controlled by the user's thumb.
(DE19842656-A1)   NOVELTY - The starter battery switch is designed as a MOS-FET (6), the gate of which is connected with a control unit (7). The power MOS-FET (6) is designed with an internal current measurement, which is connected with the control unit (7). The control unit (7) has assigned to it a pre-crash and/or crash sensor. A further MOS-FET (6) is arranged in series to the vehicle on board battery (5).    USE - Back up for engine starter by using a two battery system.    ADVANTAGE - The two battery system is simple and reliably prevents the discharge of the starter battery e.g. during cold start. A pre-crash or crash sensor is provided so that with detection of a collision MOSFET is blocked.    (US6275001-B1)   NOVELTY - The starter battery switch is designed as a MOS-FET (6), the gate of which is connected with a control unit (7). The power MOS-FET (6) is designed with an internal current measurement, which is connected with the control unit (7). The control unit (7) has assigned to it a pre-crash and/or crash sensor. A further MOS-FET (6) is arranged in series to the vehicle on board battery (5).    USE - Back up for engine starter by using a two battery system.    ADVANTAGE - The two battery system is simple and reliably prevents the discharge of the starter battery e.g. during cold start. A pre-crash or crash sensor is provided so that with detection of a collision MOSFET is blocked.
(JP2000088898-A)   NOVELTY - The detector (13) is connected to each cell block (19) of a battery unit (20). The voltage across each cell block is detected by a differential amplifier, digitalized and applied to a controller using a photocoupler (7). The differential amplifier and the cell block are connected by optical relays (5,6), which are closed by an ON/OFF control signal only when a voltage is detected, to prevent current leakage.    USE - For electric vehicle.    (EP1126282-A1)   NOVELTY - The detector (13) is connected to each cell block (19) of a battery unit (20). The voltage across each cell block is detected by a differential amplifier, digitalized and applied to a controller using a photocoupler (7). The differential amplifier and the cell block are connected by optical relays (5,6), which are closed by an ON/OFF control signal only when a voltage is detected, to prevent current leakage.    USE - For electric vehicle.
(GB2357628-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprising two electrodes separated by an electrolyte for conversion of a fuel and an oxidant to a reaction product. The electrode(s) includes a catalyst comprising an oxide support containing gold in a catalytically effective form. The fuel is methanol or methane.    USE - For power generation, especially used to power a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The gold-based catalyst is cost effective compared to platinum. The gold-based catalyst also exhibit high conversion of the fuel as compared to platinum.    (DE19983527-T)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprising two electrodes separated by an electrolyte for conversion of a fuel and an oxidant to a reaction product. The electrode(s) includes a catalyst comprising an oxide support containing gold in a catalytically effective form. The fuel is methanol or methane.    USE - For power generation, especially used to power a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The gold-based catalyst is cost effective compared to platinum. The gold-based catalyst also exhibit high conversion of the fuel as compared to platinum.
(EP1116315-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery monitoring system provides an estimate of discharge reserve time. A set of battery cells are subjected to being charged and then discharged through a load while measuring the current and voltage relationships. These are converted into a voltage to remaining charge nominal curve, e.g. using a personal computer and spreadsheet. The nominal curve is subsequently used to estimate remaining charge from the voltage and hence the reserve time at a given discharge rate.    USE - Battery reserve time monitoring for electric vehicle battery, and power supply applications.    ADVANTAGE - By using a voltage to charge nominal curve a consistent and accurate estimate of reserve time is made
(WO200017947-A1)   NOVELTY - The housing defines a single shelfless battery compartment (110) to hold several valve regulated lead acid batteries with a compression member (175) positioned beneath the top wall (108) so as to compress the stack of horizontal battery cells (115). Internally threaded members are attached to the top wall and are fitted with compression bolts (170) that contact the compression member (175).    USE - Battery cell housing assembly to provide motive power for electric vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Easy to use, and batteries can be arranged in a variety of configurations    (US6162559-A)   NOVELTY - The housing defines a single shelfless battery compartment (110) to hold several valve regulated lead acid batteries with a compression member (175) positioned beneath the top wall (108) so as to compress the stack of horizontal battery cells (115). Internally threaded members are attached to the top wall and are fitted with compression bolts (170) that contact the compression member (175).    USE - Battery cell housing assembly to provide motive power for electric vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Easy to use, and batteries can be arranged in a variety of configurations
(EP1008563-A1)   NOVELTY - Use of an alkali-free silicon, magnesium and heavy alkaline earth metal oxide mixture, for a high thermal expansion coefficient glass-ceramic joint material, is new.    USE - Used as a joint material in a high temperature fuel cell (claimed) or more generally as a glass-ceramic solder for joining metals, alloys and/or other materials having a thermal expansion coefficient (at 20-950 degrees C) of about 12x10-6 K-1.    ADVANTAGE - The material has a high temperature of use (up to at least 950 degrees C, especially up to 1100 degrees C), a uniform thermal expansion coefficient of at least 10x10-6 K-1 (especially 12x10-6 K-1) and good insulating properties.
(DE19838003-C2)   NOVELTY - The arrangement includes a voltage converter (SW) which is supplied with an on-board supply voltage (Ub) via a connection (A1). A second, step-up voltage converter (AW) is coupled before the first voltage converter, and is also supplied with the on-board supply voltage. Devices are provided, which produce a detection signal when the voltage falls below a predetermined value, to activate the step-up converter and provide a voltage (Uh) to the first converter, which is larger than the on-board supply voltage. A voltage-decoupling device is provided parallel to the second voltage converter.    USE - For motor vehicle electrical equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents effects of voltage drop on voltage-sensitive load, especially during vehicle ignition.
(EP1027232-A1)      NOVELTY - The separate sensor unit (3) has its own energy reservoir with a storage capacitor (C5) coupled to a first storage capacitor (C2). If a fault occurs in the vehicle battery (2) both the storage capacitors provide energy for the operation of the control unit (1) and the sensor unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The second storage capacitor is loaded via a decoupling capacitor (C4) and a protecting resistor (R2) to supply the sensor unit processor and a rollover sensor (34). Electromagnetic decoupling is provided by capacitors (C1,C3,C4,C6) with resistors (R1,R2) to protect the control unit or the sensor unit if a short circuit occurs.    USE -   To protect control unit for vehicle occupant protection device, to protect sensor unit to recognise turning of vehicle and collision.    ADVANTAGE -   Efficient protection and safety system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows a circuit diagram of the protection system.    Control unit 1    Vehicle battery 2    Separate sensor unit 3    Rollover sensor 34    Capacitors C1,C3,C4,C6    Resistors R1,R2
(EP1109633-A1)   NOVELTY - A process and plant for the preparation and treating communal and industrial wastes into usable products include a pre-preparation auxiliary plant and a treatment plant.    USE - The invention is used for the preparation and treating of communal and industrial wastes into usable products. The resulting solidificate can also be used in building purposes, power production and as a special protecting material at building barriers against influences by noxious, toxic and radioactive materials.    ADVANTAGE - The materials (solidificate) obtained have better properties than other presently known and similar materials, by its characteristics such as ecological impact, resistance to natural effects, economy in obtaining and application, simplicity of further use, and etc. The products that leave the plant are dry, hydrophobic and usable solidificate and water steam with no noxious content. The waste treatment process utilizes no external heat energy or drinking water and produces no technological water and runs continuously with final solidificate and water steam of uniform quality.
(JP2000090932-A)   NOVELTY - The electrode body (1) is formed by winding a positive electrode (2) and a negative electrode (3) together with a porous polymer separator (4) between them so that the electrodes make no direct contact with each other. Tabs (5) are welded to each electrode and the other ends of the tabs are attached to an external terminal. The positive electrode contains a lithium metal oxide with the addition of carbon black to reduce the internal resistance of the battery. The negative electrode uses an amorphous carbon material or a carbon powder.    USE - To supply high output current for traction applications e.g. electric and hybrid vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Internal resistance of battery is reduced
(JP2000090895-A)   NOVELTY - The lithium battery has a lead wire (10) connected at one end to either the positive or negative electrode and the other end to a metal rivet (11) fitted to an electrode disc (12) that seals the battery case (17). The disc (12) has a groove (13) that acts as a pressure releasing valve which bursts at a given pressure. An external terminal (15) is connected to the metal rivet (11) via the electrode disc (12). The battery case (17) is caulked with ethylene-propylene rubber (16) so that electrode disc can be electrically insulated from the battery case.    USE - To provide motive power for all-electric and hybrid electric vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Battery has high energy density
(JP2000149909-A)   NOVELTY - A pitch adjusting device (7) is provided on a base plate at every set number of the connection portions for adjusting a deviation in position between the electrodes and holes (5) of the bus bars (6). A slit (8) opening is made at one edge of the base plate (2) and extends perpendicularly to its longitudinal direction. An escape hole (9) is formed at the other end of the slit, and a resilient portion (10) is formed by that part of the base plate (2) located at a side of the escape hole (9) opposite the slit (8). The escape hole (9) has a diameter sufficiently larger than the width of the slit (8).    USE - For connecting an assembly of so-called rectangular batteries in series.    ADVANTAGE - Can connect the electrodes if there is a small difference in pitches between them, so as to facilitate the mounting of the battery-connecting plate to the batteries as well as its production.    (US6261719-B1)   NOVELTY - A pitch adjusting device (7) is provided on a base plate at every set number of the connection portions for adjusting a deviation in position between the electrodes and holes (5) of the bus bars (6). A slit (8) opening is made at one edge of the base plate (2) and extends perpendicularly to its longitudinal direction. An escape hole (9) is formed at the other end of the slit, and a resilient portion (10) is formed by that part of the base plate (2) located at a side of the escape hole (9) opposite the slit (8). The escape hole (9) has a diameter sufficiently larger than the width of the slit (8).    USE - For connecting an assembly of so-called rectangular batteries in series.    ADVANTAGE - Can connect the electrodes if there is a small difference in pitches between them, so as to facilitate the mounting of the battery-connecting plate to the batteries as well as its production.
(JP2000090348-A)   NOVELTY - The apparatus has a number of charging units for charging a number of batteries having individual rental Ids. The charging units for batteries (55) and an ID reader for batteries (55) are disposed separately from each other.    USE - For handling a number of batteries for use in a rental system for motor-driven vehicles, and particularly to a battery charging apparatus and a battery returning apparatus suitable for a battery exchanger which allows used batteries to be exchanged for fully charged batteries anytime when needed.    ADVANTAGE - The ID reader can be shared by the number of charging units, and hence the number of the ID readers can be fewer than that of the charging units. Consequently, the battery charging apparatus may be small in size and cost. Furthermore, the ID reader disposed separately from the charging units is less susceptible to the heat generated by the charging units.    (CN1247354-A)   NOVELTY - The apparatus has a number of charging units for charging a number of batteries having individual rental Ids. The charging units for batteries (55) and an ID reader for batteries (55) are disposed separately from each other.    USE - For handling a number of batteries for use in a rental system for motor-driven vehicles, and particularly to a battery charging apparatus and a battery returning apparatus suitable for a battery exchanger which allows used batteries to be exchanged for fully charged batteries anytime when needed.    ADVANTAGE - The ID reader can be shared by the number of charging units, and hence the number of the ID readers can be fewer than that of the charging units. Consequently, the battery charging apparatus may be small in size and cost. Furthermore, the ID reader disposed separately from the charging units is less susceptible to the heat generated by the charging units.
(WO200014816-A2)   NOVELTY - A porous, electrically conductive gas diffusion structure for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, having a gas permeability gradient structure perpendicular to the membrane, is new.    USE - As an anode and/or cathode in a PEM fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gas diffusion structure provides constant water balance equilibration in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) so that an additional moistening system is not required.    (EP1114475-A2)   NOVELTY - A porous, electrically conductive gas diffusion structure for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, having a gas permeability gradient structure perpendicular to the membrane, is new.    USE - As an anode and/or cathode in a PEM fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gas diffusion structure provides constant water balance equilibration in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) so that an additional moistening system is not required.    (DE19981720-T)   NOVELTY - A porous, electrically conductive gas diffusion structure for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, having a gas permeability gradient structure perpendicular to the membrane, is new.    USE - As an anode and/or cathode in a PEM fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The gas diffusion structure provides constant water balance equilibration in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) so that an additional moistening system is not required.
(CN1244050-A)   NOVELTY - The multilayer electrolyte film (1) has a hole of three dimensional communicating property on at least one electrolyte layer except the double-sided electrolyte layer.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Water retention of the electrolyte increases and there is a high output by reduction of the resistance over voltage of the fuel battery as a result of the hole with three dimensional communicating property on the electrolyte film. Increase of membrane resistance resulting from reduction of water content can be suppressed as a result of the multilayer electrolyte film.
(JP2000067874-A)   NOVELTY - A unit cell comprises a pair of electrodes, each having a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer; an electrolyte layer placed between the electrodes; a separator provided outside one electrode and including a passage for delivering fuel gas to the electrode; and a separator provided outside the other electrode and including a passage for delivering oxidant gas to the electrode.    USE - None given.    (JP2000228205-A)   NOVELTY - A unit cell comprises a pair of electrodes, each having a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer; an electrolyte layer placed between the electrodes; a separator provided outside one electrode and including a passage for delivering fuel gas to the electrode; and a separator provided outside the other electrode and including a passage for delivering oxidant gas to the electrode.    USE - None given.    (EP1117142-A1)   NOVELTY - A unit cell comprises a pair of electrodes, each having a catalytic layer and a gas diffusion layer; an electrolyte layer placed between the electrodes; a separator provided outside one electrode and including a passage for delivering fuel gas to the electrode; and a separator provided outside the other electrode and including a passage for delivering oxidant gas to the electrode.    USE - None given.
(JP3029416-B2)      NOVELTY - Electrode separators (111,114) and cooling separators (113) have guide grooves (124) formed on their contact surface with a polymeric cell composite to pass heating gas, oxidizing gas and cooling gas. Through holes are formed along the separator periphery to pass the fluids. Connection between groove and the through holes are mutually different for selectively passing the fluids via corresponding grooves.    USE -   For solid polymeric fuel battery used as energy converter.    ADVANTAGE -   A flow pattern is enabled for the different fluids so that deviation of a cell in-plane temperature distribution is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows disassembling isometric view of a units cell in the solid polymeric type fuel battery. (111) Anode side; (113) Cooling separators; (114) Cathode side; (124) Guide grooves.
(JP2000067896-A)   NOVELTY - Optoisolators are connected to the fuel cell. Photoemitters illuminate when the cell voltage is normal and photodetectors which are connected in a string monitor the illumination from the photoemitters. The stack's operator is alerted and/or corrective measures are initiated automatically to protect the cell whose voltage is subnormal when the flow of current in the string is interrupted.    USE - For detecting a failing fuel cell in a stack. For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Has quick response which alerts and triggers early corrective action when a reverse polarity situation is imminent.
(EP1003232-A2)   NOVELTY - The converter comprises two coaxial perforated cylinders (6,8) sealed at the top against the inlet stub (3) or the lid (2a) of the chamber. The bottom internal cylinder (6) is closed by a disk (16) that fits inside a recessed disk (14). The disk forms part of a sliding base (11) that closes the other cylinder (8). Catalyst pellets fill the space (9) between the cylinders.    USE - As an exhaust gas catalytic converter for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gas expands in its passage to give intimate contact with the catalyst and reduce backpressure.
(WO200010938-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte matrix production process, comprising forming stalks from a solid electrolyte foil with electrodes, is new.    USE - For high and low temperature electrochemical fuel cells, e.g. PEM fuel cells or SOFCs for electric motors, and mass separation processes, e.g. as a membrane or membrane support.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte matrix has a space-saving design.    (EP1115676-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte matrix production process, comprising forming stalks from a solid electrolyte foil with electrodes, is new.    USE - For high and low temperature electrochemical fuel cells, e.g. PEM fuel cells or SOFCs for electric motors, and mass separation processes, e.g. as a membrane or membrane support.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte matrix has a space-saving design.
(AU9935774-A)   NOVELTY - An electrical generator (16) is cantilevered from the compressor (12) which can rotate as a single unit with the turbine (14) and the generator on a single shaft (18). Compressed air absorbs heat in a recuperator (22) to enhance combustion and is ignited with fuel in a combustor (24) by an igniter (27). Hot expanding gases are directed to the inlet nozzle (30) of the turbine, turning it and the generator and also driving the compressor, while the exhaust hot air is returned to the recuperator.    USE - Generating electrical power using a micro-turbine system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced size by placing turbine, compressor and generator on one shaft.
(EP1114483-A1)      A PEM fuel cell includes a negative pole plate and negative    electrode, a membrane, a positive electrode and a positive pole    plate having at least four supply- or discharge-openings for the    process gases. In the edge zone of the fuel cell, the membrane    (2) is joined firmly, mechanically and gas-tightly to the    positive and negative pole plates (7,8) by a frame element giving    an electronically insulating connection.    The positive and/or the negative electrode layer on the membrane protrudes into the edge zone. Seals (5,6) are specifically provided in the edge zone.    USE -   For fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved long-term performance.
(JP2000077079-A)      NOVELTY - The separator (4) is made of a composite that includes 85-97% of graphite powder and 3-15% of thermosetting resins. The composite is initially cold formed at a pressure of 100-150 kgf/cm2 and then shaped at a pressure of 150-1500 kgf/cm2.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably, 4-9% of thermosetting resin is included in the composite and shaping of cold formed composite is done at a pressure of 300-1000 kgf/cm2. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of separator for fuel battery.    USE -   The separator is used for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Has homogeneous property and small volume resistivity due to presence of thermosetting resin in proportion to graphite powder in the composite and since cold forming and shaping of composite are done at particular pressure. Has predetermined shape since irregularity does not occur during shaping due to the presence of small amount of resin that improves liquidity of composite to specified level.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the exploded perspective diagram of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery. (4) Separator.
(JP2000060143-A)   NOVELTY - The power supply selectively changes over a DC power supply from a battery (2) to a voltage obtained by converting a commercial power to DC. The inverter (6) converts DC into AC though the alternate switching of two switching elements, and the control section (7) controls an AC output to be supplied from the inverter to the vibrating compressor (1). The DC/DC converter (17) control the output voltage to a predetermined value, regardless of changes in input voltage so that an AC output of a predetermined voltage value can be supplied to the vibrating compressor relying on multiple types of commercial powers of different voltages and multiple types of batteries of different voltages.    USE - For vibrating compressor e.g. for driving refrigerator installed in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Can automatically adapt for widely changing power voltages and judge a drop of battery voltage.
(EP982786-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery cell cover (1) has a first integrated channel (11) allowing the top-up connections (5) of the battery covers for adjacent battery cells to be connected together using inserted connection elements and a second integrated channel (3) for cconnecting the electrolyte mixing connections of adjacent battery cell covers together via further coupling elements.    USE - The battery cell cover is used for a lead acid battery, e.g. a drive battery for an electric load handling vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The battery cover allows the topping-up and electrolyte circulation for all battery cells to be effected in one operation.
(JP11329471-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves a control unit disconnecting a secondary cell from an inverter (Step S28) when the inner temperature of a fuel cell does not reach a stationary temperature (Step S26). The control then regulates the drive of a motor (Step S30) so that the motor can consume power supplied by the fuel cell, while preventing the inverter from generating a torque on the drive shaft of the motor.    USE - For fuel cell system in electric car.    ADVANTAGE - The control method enables the inner temperature of the fuel cell to rise to a stationary temperature within the shortest possible time at the starting of the fuel cell.    (EP1091436-A1)   NOVELTY - The method involves a control unit disconnecting a secondary cell from an inverter (Step S28) when the inner temperature of a fuel cell does not reach a stationary temperature (Step S26). The control then regulates the drive of a motor (Step S30) so that the motor can consume power supplied by the fuel cell, while preventing the inverter from generating a torque on the drive shaft of the motor.    USE - For fuel cell system in electric car.    ADVANTAGE - The control method enables the inner temperature of the fuel cell to rise to a stationary temperature within the shortest possible time at the starting of the fuel cell.
(JP2000036308-A)   NOVELTY - A bypass (48) connects between the input of a DC/DC converter (38) and the output thereof, and therefore supplies power generated by the fuel cell (36) to an inverter (44), bypassing the DC/DC converter. A changeover switch (37) selectively changes the connection of the output of the fuel cell between the connection to the input of the DC/DC converter and the connection to the bypass. When the fuel cell is connected to the DC/DC converter, the power from the fuel cell is supplied to the inverter or a battery (40) via the DC/DC converter.    USE - For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Can reduce electric power loss in a power conducting passage for supplying power from a fuel cell to a load.    (US6255008-B1)   NOVELTY - A bypass (48) connects between the input of a DC/DC converter (38) and the output thereof, and therefore supplies power generated by the fuel cell (36) to an inverter (44), bypassing the DC/DC converter. A changeover switch (37) selectively changes the connection of the output of the fuel cell between the connection to the input of the DC/DC converter and the connection to the bypass. When the fuel cell is connected to the DC/DC converter, the power from the fuel cell is supplied to the inverter or a battery (40) via the DC/DC converter.    USE - For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Can reduce electric power loss in a power conducting passage for supplying power from a fuel cell to a load.
(US6037074-A)   NOVELTY - The sheet of graphite foil (10) is 0.1 mm thick in cross section and has embedded ceramic needles (30,40). The sheet is formed from a mixture of exfoliated graphite particles and randomly oriented needle shaped ceramic fiber particles which is roll pressed into sheet or foil, 0.1 to 3.5 mm thick. The resultant sheet has needle shaped particles extending from the interior of the sheet and through the outer surfaces (22,24) so forming multiple annular channels surrounding the ceramic particles.    USE - To form a flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells by using the grooves caused by mechanical deformation of graphite foil    ADVANTAGE - Graphite foil is impregnated with resin to improve its sealability    (EP1099267-A2)   NOVELTY - The sheet of graphite foil (10) is 0.1 mm thick in cross section and has embedded ceramic needles (30,40). The sheet is formed from a mixture of exfoliated graphite particles and randomly oriented needle shaped ceramic fiber particles which is roll pressed into sheet or foil, 0.1 to 3.5 mm thick. The resultant sheet has needle shaped particles extending from the interior of the sheet and through the outer surfaces (22,24) so forming multiple annular channels surrounding the ceramic particles.    USE - To form a flow field plate for electrochemical fuel cells by using the grooves caused by mechanical deformation of graphite foil    ADVANTAGE - Graphite foil is impregnated with resin to improve its sealability
(EP1099269-A2)   NOVELTY - The power plant (10) includes a fuel cell (12) and a heat transfer device (14). The fuel cell includes an electrolyte (16) which is in intimate contact with an anode (22) and a cathode (26). The cell is enclosed within a structure (30) that defines manifolds for directing streams of reducing fluids and oxidants into and out of the cell. The structure also includes electrical conduction means for directing the generated electrical current to an electricity using device (32), such as through a standard load circuit (34).    USE - As stationary or portable power plants, including transport applications    ADVANTAGE - Achieves efficient water balance, minimizes plant operating energy requirements
(US6242119-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a methanol tank (16), water recovery tank (18) for water from the fuel cell (14), a tank (20) for aqueous methanol solution, fed with methanol and water to supply a liquid mixture of methanol and water to the reformer (12). A changeover valve (22) located below the water recovery tank permits the bleeding of all the water from the recovery tank and a water line (62).    USE - Fuel cell for use in car.    ADVANTAGE - Especially suitable for installation in a car, prevents water found in the system from freezing and surplus water is processed easily.
(WO200024076-A1)   NOVELTY - The container (1) has an inlet (E) for a medium (2, 3), and two outlets (A1, A2). It is divided at least into two compartments (5, 6) by means of at least one element (4) letting through fluids. The compartments are arranged so that one (5) of them with the outlet (A1) adjoins the inlet (E), while the other (6) with the outlet (A2) is remote from it.    USE - For operation of fuel cells in vehicles powered by them.    ADVANTAGE - The container is suitable also for low-purity methanol.
(ZA9906497-A)      NOVELTY - An electrolytic tank is a fabric (21) made of organic fibers having one ore more backing layers, further laminated by rubber or plastic layers. The tank stores electrolyte which circulates between electrodes.    USE -   For use in power storing batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte tank effectively utilizes space between electrodes configured in the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of composition of electrolyte tank. (21) Fabric.    (EP1049184-A1)      NOVELTY - An electrolytic tank is a fabric (21) made of organic fibers having one ore more backing layers, further laminated by rubber or plastic layers. The tank stores electrolyte which circulates between electrodes.    USE -   For use in power storing batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte tank effectively utilizes space between electrodes configured in the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of composition of electrolyte tank. (21) Fabric.
(JP3029419-B2)      NOVELTY - Flexible graphite sheets (100,101) are laminated, with sheet (101) fixed to upper surface has specific portion removed for flow path formation. The laminated structure (103) is pressed by metallic mold resulting in formation of flow path (111) and through holes (105,109).    USE -   For manufacturing separator for fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The separator comprising flexible graphite sheet, formed as per present invention suppresses a gas leak and exhibits sufficient mechanical strength.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows explanatory diagram of separator manufacturing method. (100,101) Flexible graphite sheets; (103) Laminated structure; (105,109) Through-holes; (111) Flow path.
(JP2000106192-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell base tube, containing coarse base tube raw material particles or metal oxide particles, is new.    USE - For an integral sintered fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The coarse particles cause nonuniform shrinkage of the base tube on sintering to provide increased porosity and pore diameter for improved energy production properties.    (EP1071150-A2)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell base tube, containing coarse base tube raw material particles or metal oxide particles, is new.    USE - For an integral sintered fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The coarse particles cause nonuniform shrinkage of the base tube on sintering to provide increased porosity and pore diameter for improved energy production properties.
(EP1105931-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system, having a gas-cooled heat exchanger (4) for heat extraction from a reformate gas cleaning stage, is new.    USE - As a PEM fuel cell system, e.g. equipped with a methanol reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a gas/gas heat exchanger employing the above specified coolants avoids the need for an additional coolant circuit with an associated liquid/air heat exchanger so that the fuel cell system has reduced size, weight and cost, avoids excessive cooling and thus termination of oxidation in the last gas cleaning stage, improves the overall efficiency of the system and avoids thermal energy losses.
(EP1110266-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery (1) has a number of cells, each with plates on either sides of separators (7) linked by a common bridge. The end cells have a lug (13) projecting upwards. A main terminal (17) extends from the lug to form an external connection point. An additional projection (29) is used for measurements. A circuit measures the voltage across the user terminals and across the measurement terminals, for determining the battery capacity.    USE - Battery capacity measurement    ADVANTAGE - By measuring across the two pairs of terminals, the current capacity of the battery can be deduced and displayed
(JP2000090983-A)   NOVELTY - The total thickness ratio which the total thickness of electrode substrates divided by the total thickness of electrode active material layers is not less than 0.045 and not more than 0.31.    USE - The battery is used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The lithium secondary battery reduces internal resistance to attain good charging-discharging characteristics and obtain high output and large current.    (US6228529-B1)   NOVELTY - The total thickness ratio which the total thickness of electrode substrates divided by the total thickness of electrode active material layers is not less than 0.045 and not more than 0.31.    USE - The battery is used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The lithium secondary battery reduces internal resistance to attain good charging-discharging characteristics and obtain high output and large current.
(EP1105932-A1)   NOVELTY - A high output voltage planar fuel cell, in which electrolyte membranes (20) cover cell interconnection structures in interspaces (Z) between individual cells.    USE - As a high output voltage fuel cell useful for small electrical equipment such as portable computers.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a very compact, modular, planar construction and ensures a gas-tight electrical connection between the anode and cathode sides of the individual cells.
(US6197442-B1)   NOVELTY - A water transport plate for a fuel cell has a maximum thru-plane resistivity of 0.04 ohm-cm, a minimum compressive yield strength of 750 psi, a maximum pore size of 3.0 microns, a minimum open porosity of 30 volume percent and a bubble pressure of 5-15 psig. The water permeability through the transport plate is 30 x 10-17 - 2000 x 10-17 m2.    USE - The water transport plate is used in a fuel cell for water management.    ADVANTAGE - The water transport plate has an improved structural integrity. It has a more uniform bubble pressure. Due to these advantages, the use of thinner components which results in reduced cost and greater power per unit volume is made possible. An optimal balance between bubble pressure and water permeability is achieved.    (EP1116293-A1)   NOVELTY - A water transport plate for a fuel cell has a maximum thru-plane resistivity of 0.04 ohm-cm, a minimum compressive yield strength of 750 psi, a maximum pore size of 3.0 microns, a minimum open porosity of 30 volume percent and a bubble pressure of 5-15 psig. The water permeability through the transport plate is 30 x 10-17 - 2000 x 10-17 m2.    USE - The water transport plate is used in a fuel cell for water management.    ADVANTAGE - The water transport plate has an improved structural integrity. It has a more uniform bubble pressure. Due to these advantages, the use of thinner components which results in reduced cost and greater power per unit volume is made possible. An optimal balance between bubble pressure and water permeability is achieved.
(JP2000090941-A)   NOVELTY - A material for a novel fuel cell separator obtained by molding a mixture containing at least a conductive powder and a binder which is a rubber-modified phenolic resin.    USE - The material is used for a fuel cell separator for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell separator has superior impact resistance or tenacity, causes no rupture when formed into a thin plate and used in a fuel cell, and has density and electrical properties equivalent to conventional products.
(FR2780568-A1)   NOVELTY - A reset circuit (24) is activated should the voltage regulator (20) detect undervoltage, or should the safety unit (26) detect malfunction of the controller (22). The controller (22) sensing the ignition switch signal (KL15), the continued operation signal (SWNL) and the control line signal (NL), determines that a fault exists.    USE - To maintain supply to a control unit containing SRAM memory, in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Maintaining supply, prevents data loss otherwise occurring in about 3 seconds. Provision to check memory contents during switch-on is also described.    (JP2000102163-A)   NOVELTY - A reset circuit (24) is activated should the voltage regulator (20) detect undervoltage, or should the safety unit (26) detect malfunction of the controller (22). The controller (22) sensing the ignition switch signal (KL15), the continued operation signal (SWNL) and the control line signal (NL), determines that a fault exists.    USE - To maintain supply to a control unit containing SRAM memory, in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Maintaining supply, prevents data loss otherwise occurring in about 3 seconds. Provision to check memory contents during switch-on is also described.
(DE19818132-C2)   NOVELTY - The transformer has two flat windings (16,18,22,26) and a core. The windings lie in two parallel planes and border on a central opening. The core defines a magnetic path through the central opening and surrounds the two flat windings. The windings are formed from a winding wire whose cross-section is larger in a direction parallel to the winding plane than it is in a direction perpendicular to the winding plane.    USE - E.g. for converting 12 V to 48 V at up to 1000 W.    ADVANTAGE - Small size and high power.
(JP2000100452-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte film interposed between the anode and cathode, an anode-side conductive separator plate having a gas passage for feeding fuel gas to the anode, and a cathode-side conductive separator plate.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable electric sources, electric sources for an electric car, domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invented fuel cell has a low production cost and has the advantage of compactness.    (JP2000260441-A)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte film interposed between the anode and cathode, an anode-side conductive separator plate having a gas passage for feeding fuel gas to the anode, and a cathode-side conductive separator plate.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable electric sources, electric sources for an electric car, domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invented fuel cell has a low production cost and has the advantage of compactness.    (EP1094535-A1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid polymer electrolyte film interposed between the anode and cathode, an anode-side conductive separator plate having a gas passage for feeding fuel gas to the anode, and a cathode-side conductive separator plate.    USE - The fuel cell is used for portable electric sources, electric sources for an electric car, domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invented fuel cell has a low production cost and has the advantage of compactness.
(JP2000053402-A)   NOVELTY - A thermally integrated fuel processor including a reformer for the two stage conversion of methanol to hydrogen rich fuel comprises a housing, a fan, water and methanol inlets, a heater, two reactors and a shunt.    USE - The processor is used for producing hydrogen rich fuel gas for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The processor is thermally integrated and the hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water and methanol mixture is an excellent heat transfer agent    (US6238815-B1)   NOVELTY - A thermally integrated fuel processor including a reformer for the two stage conversion of methanol to hydrogen rich fuel comprises a housing, a fan, water and methanol inlets, a heater, two reactors and a shunt.    USE - The processor is used for producing hydrogen rich fuel gas for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The processor is thermally integrated and the hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water and methanol mixture is an excellent heat transfer agent
(WO200002279-A2)   NOVELTY - The open edge of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) not covered by gas diffusion layers, with or without catalyst, is adhered gas-tight to the bipolar plate (1a).    USE - To make a gas-tight composite used in fuel cell manufacture, including a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM).    ADVANTAGE - High reactivity of hydrogen at the anode tends to prevent long-term sealing of the anode space in prior art. When using oxygen or air under pressure, the cathode side must also be sealed. The new method overcomes the difficulty and is simple and cost effective. Information on suitable adhesives is detailed in the text.    (EP1095415-A2)   NOVELTY - The open edge of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) not covered by gas diffusion layers, with or without catalyst, is adhered gas-tight to the bipolar plate (1a).    USE - To make a gas-tight composite used in fuel cell manufacture, including a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM).    ADVANTAGE - High reactivity of hydrogen at the anode tends to prevent long-term sealing of the anode space in prior art. When using oxygen or air under pressure, the cathode side must also be sealed. The new method overcomes the difficulty and is simple and cost effective. Information on suitable adhesives is detailed in the text.    (DE19981229-T)   NOVELTY - The open edge of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) not covered by gas diffusion layers, with or without catalyst, is adhered gas-tight to the bipolar plate (1a).    USE - To make a gas-tight composite used in fuel cell manufacture, including a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM).    ADVANTAGE - High reactivity of hydrogen at the anode tends to prevent long-term sealing of the anode space in prior art. When using oxygen or air under pressure, the cathode side must also be sealed. The new method overcomes the difficulty and is simple and cost effective. Information on suitable adhesives is detailed in the text.
(EP1082771-A2)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell used in converting a carbon-comprising material is a molten corrosive salt fuel cell or a solid fuel cell. Conversion to carbon monoxide has a negative enthalpy (DELTAH) and a positive entropy change (DELTAS). Heat is supplied to the fuel cell and at least one of the carbon monoxide conversion reactions is an electrochemical reaction producing electricity.    USE - For converting heat into electricity and converting the enthalpy of the gasification reaction into electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The energetic value of the fuel is optimally utilized to make the method more efficient in converting heat into electricity and simultaneously converting the enthalpy of the gasification reaction into electricity. Fewer pretreatments for some of the materials to be converted are needed, e.g. the necessity to reduce the size of the solid carbon-comprising material is diminished. If solid carbon-comprising material particles are brought into contact with molten carbonate and due to flow the material is brought into contact with the anode (according to an embodiment of the invention), a very large reaction surface can be achieved. In the method, the concentration of carbon dioxide leaving the anode is much lower than the concentration of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide can then be used for synthesis purposes or the carbon monoxide-comprising gas can be used in a further high temperature fuel cell for the generation of electricity. If carbon monoxide is used to generate electricity, the heat developed in the second fuel cell for the generation of electricity may be used for converting carbon product or thermically treated biomass into carbon monoxide. Oxygen and combustible gas are not in direct contact so the method has the advantage of safety and energy. The method can be operated at high temperature, promoting formation of carbon monoxide and increasing reaction speed to reduce polarization losses.
(US6094031-A)      NOVELTY - ECU (26) selects battery for checking through a common transmitting and receiving unit (21) which communicates with transmitting and receiving unit (23) of selected battery using light. Data of battery condition transmitted to common transmitting and receiving unit (21) by transmitting and receiving unit of selected battery is used by ECU for battery management. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Individual transmitting and receiving set up (23) is placed on each battery group (18) connected in series and placed in battery box.    USE -   In rolling stock, hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   As data regarding battery condition is transmitted through light, wire harness is not required. Hence the arrangement is simple and cheap. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of battery box with battery condition detection system. (18) Battery group; (21,23) Transmitting and receiving units; (26) ECU.
(JP3098219-B2)      NOVELTY - The fuel pole catalyst layer consists of alloy metal catalysts (1,3) including platinum and ruthenium whose mean particle diameter differs. The mean particle diameter of one metal catalyst is 1.5 times or more than that of another metal catalyst.    USE -   For solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The dissolved platinum re-precipitates on the big catalyst particles such that the active surface of the small catalyst particles is protected. Consequently co-poisoning proof characteristics of the battery is maintained for long period of time. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the enlarged model of the metal catalyst. (1,3) Metal catalysts.
(EP1118146-A1)   NOVELTY - Controller (14) operating in two modes, is connected to battery (11), output unit (12), and capacitors (15,16). When controller is in first mode of operation, capacitor (15) supplies preset amount of power to battery in response to command from the controller and when in another mode of operation, capacitor (16) supplies preset quantity of power to output unit in response to command from the controller.    USE - For battery for providing preset output power to loads such as vehicles. Also used for laptop, cellular phones, sensitive electronic components, etc. Also for rental energy concepts for service applications such as vending machines, recharge modules robotic battery replacement facilities and parking or charging stations.    ADVANTAGE - The loss of polarization within the battery is reduced by the reverse charging of battery. The unauthorized charger being connected to battery is prevented. The manufacturing assembly exposure is reduced as speed control device is not employed.
(EP1095419-A1)   NOVELTY - A membrane (15) is provided between a positive redox gel electrolyte (13) and a negative electrolyte (14). Positive and negative electrodes (11,12) are connected electrically to the positive and negative redox gel electrolytes respectively. The gels are superconcentrated.    USE - In portable equipment such as in cellular phone and laptops.    ADVANTAGE - When high loads are applied, the polarization is higher, as gels are super concentrated. A very long life cycle is obtained as gel electrolytes are stable. The electrolytes need not be recirculated as the electrolytes are super concentrated gels.
(US6015634-A)   NOVELTY - Volume of air exiting at output ports (50,54) of airflow valve (44), which is recycle to exhaust air ratio, is adjusted by control port. The inputs (80,82) of processor (78) are coupled to temperature sensor (76) and electrical power sensor (70). The output (84) is coupled to control the valve so that recycle to exhaust air ratio is adjusted to preset value based on sensed ambient temperature and power.    USE - The PEM fuel cell system is used for maintaining water balance in automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The water balance is maintained by accumulating water during lower power operation and evaporating water during high power operation.    (EP1095414-A2)   NOVELTY - Volume of air exiting at output ports (50,54) of airflow valve (44), which is recycle to exhaust air ratio, is adjusted by control port. The inputs (80,82) of processor (78) are coupled to temperature sensor (76) and electrical power sensor (70). The output (84) is coupled to control the valve so that recycle to exhaust air ratio is adjusted to preset value based on sensed ambient temperature and power.    USE - The PEM fuel cell system is used for maintaining water balance in automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The water balance is maintained by accumulating water during lower power operation and evaporating water during high power operation.
(FR2780555-A1)   NOVELTY - The system uses metals straps to provide additional strength for the battery casing.    USE - For support of casing for nickel-cadmium or other nickel based cells used to power vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provides support to resist build up of pressure inside battery during repeated charging, arising from plate deformation and gas production.    (JP2000030677-A)   NOVELTY - The system uses metals straps to provide additional strength for the battery casing.    USE - For support of casing for nickel-cadmium or other nickel based cells used to power vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provides support to resist build up of pressure inside battery during repeated charging, arising from plate deformation and gas production.    (US6096452-A)   NOVELTY - The system uses metals straps to provide additional strength for the battery casing.    USE - For support of casing for nickel-cadmium or other nickel based cells used to power vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provides support to resist build up of pressure inside battery during repeated charging, arising from plate deformation and gas production.
(US6249126-B1)   NOVELTY - The battery protection circuit a switching circuit (12), an electronic switch, connected between the current measurement (11) and capacity indication (13) circuits. The timer circuit (14) is activated and power supply interrupted, if the voltage is lower than normal. Supply remains interrupted if preset time is overrun and current measurement circuit (11) is activated to determine loading to reactivate supply.    USE - Esp. for motor vehicles, determines capacity of battery and interrupts on board supply if is short circuit or battery is overloaded, vehicles with air conditioning.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes certain disadvantages of conventional circuits, e.g. battery discharge owing to lights, etc. being left on.
(EP1068998-A2)   NOVELTY - A procedure for supplying a power network of a car having a battery (3), at least one electrical load (2) and a fuel cell aggregate (1) located in parallel with the battery, with energy is described.    USE - Automobile electrical circuits.    ADVANTAGE - A fuel cell system is used for current generation in an especially simple way.
(WO200008701-A2)      A manufacturing method for a high-temperature fuel cell equipped with a contact layer (16) between the cathode (14) and bipolar plate (18). For manufacture of the contact layer (18), a contact material is applied to the bipolar plate (18) and then subjected to a high temperature, esp. over 800 deg. C.    Before application of the contact material, a pore forming agent is added, and specifically remains insoluble in the contact material, the latter being a ceramic silk-screen paste or a ceramic injection moulded suspension.    ADVANTAGE -   Relatively high deformability values for the contact layer.    (EP1027743-A2)      A manufacturing method for a high-temperature fuel cell equipped with a contact layer (16) between the cathode (14) and bipolar plate (18). For manufacture of the contact layer (18), a contact material is applied to the bipolar plate (18) and then subjected to a high temperature, esp. over 800 deg. C.    Before application of the contact material, a pore forming agent is added, and specifically remains insoluble in the contact material, the latter being a ceramic silk-screen paste or a ceramic injection moulded suspension.    ADVANTAGE -   Relatively high deformability values for the contact layer.
(JP2000034102-A)   NOVELTY - A method for controlling a reformer for producing reformate gas comprises calculating an amount of raw material sufficient to produce a desired amount of the reforming gas, determining an amount of heat fuel (Qm) to be supplied to a heater (3) in the reformer and an amount of an oxidizer based on the calculated amount of the raw material (Qk), introducing the raw material into the reformer (2), and introducing the heat fuel and the oxidizer into the heater (3) to heat the raw material using heat generated in a reaction of the heat fuel and the oxidizer.    USE - For reforming reformate fuel such as methyl alcohol and water into desired fuel such as gas with a high concentration of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The reforming reaction is able to proceed in a suitable manner without adversely affecting fuel consumption.
(JP2000008904-A)   NOVELTY - A hybrid drive vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine and a power generating motor as a driving source for vehicle. Immediately after it is detected that an air/fuel ratio of air/fuel mixture supplied to the engine is changed to lean side, the power generating motor is operated as a motor in order to assist an output from the engine. Immediately after it is detected that an air/fuel ratio of air/fuel mixture supplied to the engine is changed to rich side, the power generating motor is operated as a generator in order to apply regenerative braking to the engine.    USE - For hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Difference in output torque from the engine produced when the air/fuel ratio of the supplied air/fuel mixture is varied can be compensated for sufficiently without delay.    (EP1004761-A1)   NOVELTY - A hybrid drive vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine and a power generating motor as a driving source for vehicle. Immediately after it is detected that an air/fuel ratio of air/fuel mixture supplied to the engine is changed to lean side, the power generating motor is operated as a motor in order to assist an output from the engine. Immediately after it is detected that an air/fuel ratio of air/fuel mixture supplied to the engine is changed to rich side, the power generating motor is operated as a generator in order to apply regenerative braking to the engine.    USE - For hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Difference in output torque from the engine produced when the air/fuel ratio of the supplied air/fuel mixture is varied can be compensated for sufficiently without delay.
(EP1086501-A2)   NOVELTY - A polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack has a liquid reservoir connected to the fuel feed and/or oxidant feed channel for humidifying and/or cooling purposes.    USE - As a PEM fuel cell system, e.g. for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides liquid moistening and/or cooling at the anode and/or cathode side, while providing a low weight, a small volume and low production costs, and can recover heat e.g. for heating a vehicle passenger compartment.
(GB2341987-A)   NOVELTY - The system has a fuel cell (10) with a first, higher voltage bus (11) and a second, lower voltage bus (24), between which a bidirectional DC-DC convertor (23) is connected for performing up- and down-conversions. The second bus includes a battery (30) for storing electrical power at the lower voltage and a compressor (18) receives electrical energy from the first bus to provide reaction gas for the fuel cell.    USE - For use in a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The system enables the vehicles propulsion capability to be increased in transient situations by operating the vehicle and fuel cell 12 volt loads from the battery rather than the fuel cell, allowing all of the energy from the fuel cell to be used to propel the vehicle, with power from the battery available to be additionally up-converted to provide still further power for a limited amount of time. The system also facilitates the storage of regenerated power from the traction engine during regenerative braking, which can be down-converted and stored in the battery. The system simplifies the start up procedure as sufficient power can be provided to the compressor from the battery so that the fuel cell is supplied with sufficient reaction gas prior to the fuel cell providing electrical energy.
(US2001000578-A1)   NOVELTY - Water is collected from the condenser (10) of the vehicle air conditioning unit and is stored in a master water tank (5) from which it is distributed to the battery (15), screen wash (27) and radiator (37). The battery includes float valves (75) which regulate the fluid level in the cells of the battery. Water is passed through a common channel (23) into which the float valves open when the fluid level is below a preset limit.    USE - Automatically controls the water level in vehicle systems.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the vehicle maintenance requirements.    (US6209573-B1)   NOVELTY - Water is collected from the condenser (10) of the vehicle air conditioning unit and is stored in a master water tank (5) from which it is distributed to the battery (15), screen wash (27) and radiator (37). The battery includes float valves (75) which regulate the fluid level in the cells of the battery. Water is passed through a common channel (23) into which the float valves open when the fluid level is below a preset limit.    USE - Automatically controls the water level in vehicle systems.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces the vehicle maintenance requirements.
(DE19932115-C2)   NOVELTY - The battery retention device has a carrier plate (4) secured to the floor panel (2) of the trunk, with the battery securely attached to the carrier plate. The fixing between the latter and the floor panel is provided by a pivot bearing (5) at the rear and a pivot pin which can move along a curved guide slot (7) in the carrier plate at the front.    USE - The retention device is used for securing a vehicle battery in the trunk of an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The retention device reduces the risk of injury caused by the battery in the case of a rear impact.
(US6189635-B1)   NOVELTY - The lid and tray assembly are made of steel with an internal and external spray coating of an elastomer with high electrical resistance properties. Batteries are mounted in the tray assembly and enclosed by the lid. The elastomer coating on the tray assembly and the lid gives a non electrically conductive interior and exterior surface for increased service safety. The steel base and lid (20) give electromagnetic interference shielding and radio frequency interference shielding from the vehicle's high voltage motors.    USE - For holding the batteries in a hybrid electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Is highly durable and shields against electromagnetic and radio frequency interference.
(EP1026770-A1)      NOVELTY - A turbulent flow accelerator (5) is provided to the upper portion of a battery unit. The battery unit is provided on one side of a flow through path of a coolant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A square pitch of the battery unit, configured by two or more steps is extended to the upper stream side of the flow through path and a staggered pitch of the battery unit, configured in two or more units is extended to the downstream side of the flow through path.    USE -   In electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Since flow of the coolant is controlled and the temperature gradient between each battery unit is made small, stable operation of battery is warranted. The flow of coolant is disturbed using a turbulent flow accelerator, thus increasing the heat transfer rate between the battery unit and coolant leading to effective restrainment of variation in battery temperature. Simplifies structural composition. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the battery apparatus. (5) Turbulent flow accelerator.
(JP2000058083-A)   NOVELTY - A separator for a fuel cell has, on its surface, a film with a water-holdability of 0.3-5.0 g/g film.    USE - In a fuel cell used as a relatively small size power generation plant for buildings and factories.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive coating film has high hydrophilicity and water-holding properties, and plugging of the separator grooves (paths for reactant gas) by the water formed during electricity generation can be reduced significantly. The water trapped in the separator grooves can control the humidity inside the fuel cell, allowing the use of an external humidifier to be reduced or eliminated.
(DE19825245-C1)      The switch has a switch housing (1,2) which can be mounted on a battery pole (3), a fixed isolation contact directly attached to the pole clamp, a movable isolation contact opposite the fixed contact, an on-board network connection conductor and an isolation device (33). The movable isolation contact is mounted on a contact carrier (6), which is pref. spring-mounted w.r.t. the fixed contact.    The isolation device engages the contact carrier and moves it between a closed and an open position.    USE -   Especially for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Simple switch is simple to operate and can be directly mounted on battery pole, usually positive pole, without essentially increasing external profile of battery.
(DE19825246-C1)      The switch has a switch housing (1) which can be mounted on a battery pole (3), a pole clamp (4) mounted inside the housing and able to be clamped to the pole, a fixed isolation contact, a movable isolation contact, an on-board network connection conductor and an isolation device. The on-board network connection cable is electrically connected to a contact carrier (6).    The fixed isolation contact can be directly clamped to the pole clamp. The movable isolation contact is mounted on a contact carrier opposite the fixed isolation contact, w.r.t. which the contact carrier is spring mounted. The isolation device (33), which engages the contact carrier, changes it between a closed and an open position.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables special isolation of generator/starter circuit from battery with simple, compact switching system whilst remaining on-board network stays connected to battery.
(US6114058-A)   NOVELTY - The alloy composition contains 13-22 wt % of aluminum, 2-8 wt % of chromium, 0.1-4 wt. % of M where M is selected from Zr and Hf, and 1 wt. % of boron or carbon and remaining amount of iron and incidental impurities. The aluminide alloy is resistant to corrosion, when exposed to 500-800 degrees C, when surface of alloy is exposed to reducing gas and another surface is exposed to oxidizing atmosphere.    USE - For container for solid oxide fuel cell for turbine plant.    ADVANTAGE - The alloy possesses significantly improved corrosion resistance at elevated temperature in both oxidizing and reducing environment simultaneously during operation of fuel cells and hence facilitates longer service life. By including carbon, weldability of alloys is improved.
(DE19827879-C1)   NOVELTY - A deflection chamber (4) interconnects the outlet end (1a) of the oxidation stage (1) to the inlet end (2a) of the reformer (2) stage.    USE - A methanol reformer, e.g. producing hydrogen for a fuel cell powered vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A compact, low-weight, relatively inexpensive unit is formed. High hydrogen yield is achieved and hydrogen selectivity is increased. Because oxidation and reforming stages are separated, control becomes relatively simple. Controlling just the oxidant supply, will be seen to alter the ratio of oxidation to reforming rates. Autothermal operation is readily set up in this way.
(JP11345630-A)   NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery has current collecting tabs connected to the positive and negative electrodes of total cross-sectional area not less than a constant area in accordance with material quality such that may not fuse when at least 100 Angstrom flows through the battery.    USE - Used for electric or hybrid electric vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows the use of battery tabs as current fuses that will not fuse under normal operation for a battery of not less than 5 Ah capacity.
(JP2000078774-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves determining the quotient of a change in the charge of the storage capacitor (3) and an associated voltage change at the capacitor. The capacitance is determined during the charging phase. The change in the charge is determined by at least approximately integrating the charging current during a test period within the charging phase.    USE - For checking the capacitance of a storage capacitor in a passenger protection system, esp. an ignition capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the check to be made without using the energy stored in the capacitor after charging and at low cost.
(JP2000147076-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves measuring the charging and discharging currents and summing them over time. Several current measurement arrangements (4,5) are fitted, whereby the individual electrical loads (2,3) are each associated with one of the measurement arrangements and the currents measured by them are summed and added (8) over time.    USE - For detecting residual accumulator charge for an electrically powered vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The accuracy of detecting residual accumulator charge is improved for an electrically powered vehicle.
(EP1082773-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system comprises a reformer unit (18) for generating hydrogen from an energy carrier, especially a liquid material (28), under supply of air for operating a coupled fuel cell unit (10). An oxidation arrangement (34) is arranged between reformer unit and fuel cell unit for converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. The reformer unit and the fuel cell unit are associated with a two-stage compressor (49) for air.    USE - For drive system of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables cost-effective and environmentally friendly application for producing electric energy with high degree of efficiency and small installation space.
(WO9960648-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good operational safety.    (EP1086504-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good operational safety.
(EP1080511-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell module has at least two fuel cells (1,2), especially low temperature ones. Each cell has two electrodes (4,5) of different polarity plus an electrolyte (3) located between the electrodes. There is at least one fuel supply channel (10) and at least one oxidant supply channel (11) connected in flow technology fashion to the fuel cells. The fuel cells are located beside one another and the electrolyte of each cell in a common plane. The electrodes of different polarity are connected together electrically. The fuel cells are located in alternating fashion so that the electrodes of neighbouring cells of different polarity lie in a plane.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - Reduced electrical losses in fuel cell modules.
(DE19838800-C1)   NOVELTY - Electrical separator comprises a flat flexible substrate having a number of openings and a coating. The substrate material is selected from metals, alloys, plastics, glass, and carbon fibers. The coating is a flat porous electrically non-conducting ceramic coating.    USE - In batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has a long service life.
(WO9960647-A1)   NOVELTY - A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit (34) of a fuel cell system.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical energy can be economically and environmentally produced.    (EP1082774-A1)   NOVELTY - A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit (34) of a fuel cell system.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical energy can be economically and environmentally produced.
(EP1007472-A1)   NOVELTY - A non-polluting production of hydrogen and electrical energy from ethanol coming from biomass comprises reacting 40-70 wt.%, preferably, 50-60 wt.% ethanol with air in oxygen:ethanol = 0-0.5 (molar) in the presence of a catalyst, where in the same or another reactor, a shift reaction follows; separating hydrogen from the gas mixture and feeding it into a fuel cell to produce electrical energy.    USE - For the production of hydrogen and electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - No harmful emissions to the environment are produced in any of the stages in the process. The efficiency of fuel cells used approaches 70%. It is twice that of thermal engines.
(EP1082772-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrolyzers (2) are equipped with electrically conductive bus bars and rectifiers (3) forming hydrogen as byproduct. The fuel cells are fed with hydrogen and air under pressure. The fuel cells are directly connected to electrolyzers in parallel or serially by bus bars without interposition of any voltage converter or adjuster.    USE - For direct integration of fuel cells in electrochemical plant such as chlor-alkali plants, chlorate electrolysis and hydrochloric acid electrolysis or refinery plants.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy integration of fuel cells in electrochemical plants with the final result of substantially decreasing the overall electric power consumption through the recovery of hydrogen.
(EP996986-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery plug has a cylindrical housing (12) which is open at the bottom, inserted in an opening in a battery cell, the top opening (16) of the cylindrical housing closed by a cover (18). A collector element, e.g. a labyrinth insert (36), for reception of condensed battery gases is located in the vicinity of the top opening.    USE - The battery plug is used for closing a battery cell, e.g. for an automobile storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery plug provides collection of the condensed battery gases.
(US6117588-A)   NOVELTY - The aperture includes a lower portion which is large enough to receive the button freely. The upper portion of aperture is smaller than the button but larger than the shaft. A restriction unit is disposed between the lower and upper portions such that it inhibits free movement of shaft between them.    USE - For carrying batteries used for starting, lighting and ignition in automative, recreational and other applications. Also in boats, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) applications.    ADVANTAGE - The handle is versatile and may be readily used in many special environments, since handle is durable and reusable. Avoids effect on aesthetic appearance of battery, whether the handle is attached to it or not. The handle is economical to manufacture and use since it requires minimal labor to engage and disengage from battery casing.
(US6181991-B1)      NOVELTY - The control unit computes the distance required to travel bases of input data. Based on computed distance, the remnant capacity of battery in each vehicle is detected. Based on the remnant data, vehicle selection is carried out.    USE -   For distributed electric vehicle sharing system used in selection management of commuting vehicles used for schools during nights.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates user to utilize effectively the electric vehicle, as vehicle is selected depending on charging amount. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of vehicle selection management device.
(EP1074057-A1)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) is contacted with the catalytic anode of an electrolytic cell, and reacts to form elemental sulfur, protons and electrons. Water or hydrogen is formed in the cathode chamber. The temperature of anode and cathode chambers is at least 120 degreesC and are maintained at an elevated pressure sufficient to keep the membrane moist.    USE - In a fuel cell for generating electrical energy with H2S as a feed.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen sulfide is converted to sulfur with the concurrent production of electrical energy.
(EP1060337-A2)   NOVELTY - Hub having opposite sections (12,12A) is secured to a shaft (16) and joined to inner surface (24) of interface disk (20) having a hoop (40). An annular rim (70) extends between each hub section and on rotation, the hub sections expansively deform about the rim to maintain a substantially stress free condition at the disk and rotor (22) interface.    USE - In high energy flywheel for hybrid electric vehicles, earth orbitting satellites, military weapons, power utilities, load leveling, space stations, etc.    ADVANTAGE - As the flywheel rotates, hub surfaces flex to create a compression at the rotor, which prevents the fiber matrix material of the rotor from pulling apart, thus allowing more energy storage. The expansion of the hub allows the rim to position its center of mass on the axis of the shaft thereby facilitating self-balancing of the flywheel thus reducing vibration in rotor which in turn reduces reacting loadings which impair operational life.
(EP1083319-A1)   NOVELTY - The hybrid car drive system comprises means (22) for transmitting the output torque of an internal combustion engine (10) and/or the output torque of an electric motor (19) to the driving wheels. The hybrid car drive system includes a turbo-generator (7) for converting the exhaust energy from the internal combustion engine into electrical energy and means (1) for electrically connecting the turbo-generator with the electric motor.    USE - Driving hybrid cars.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of the hybrid car is improved by maintaining the driving with lean mixture as long as possible.
(GB2337470-B)   NOVELTY - The method involves applying a barrier coating (4) of a first polymer to the substrate and then applying a protective coating of a second polymer to the barrier coated substrate.    USE - For reducing the gas permeability of a substrate such as film for shrink-wrapping used to wrap fresh meat or poultry or bottles used in the food industry, a petrol tank or paint can, or preform (all claimed). Can also be used for plastic car batteries, plastic wine bottles and plastic wine bags.    ADVANTAGE - Enables application of barrier coatings on articles having nonuniform or irregular shapes such as bottles. Produces a bottle with a very thin, i.e. 1-2 microns thick coated layer, while still providing good gas barrier properties similar to those of coextrusion bottles.
NOVELTY - A negative electrode for an alkaline battery is manufactured by applying a conductive base to a nickel support, adding a layer of metallic hydride alloys, and pressing and activating.    USE - Especially with a rechargeable nickel-metallic hydride battery for e.g., electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode is manufactured having low internal resistance, high power and long cycle life.
(US6248465-B1)   NOVELTY - Sintered complex oxide ceramic body having a perovskite crystal structure consists of a specified composition.    USE - Used as a separating element in solid electrolyte fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ceramic body has high sinter density, high stability in an atmosphere having a low oxygen partial pressure at high temperatures, low phase transition temperature and a heat expansion coefficient which is the same as that of the yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium dioxide solid electrolyte.
(WO9960641-A2)      A fuel-cell stack having at least two fuel-cell (BZ) units (4) in which a sealing frame (1) tightly encloses the intermediate space between the separators of BZ-units (4) for receiving a cooling medium. In the fuel-cell stack, the supply- and distribution-channels for the cooling medium are specifically integrated in the sealing frame (1).    The axial channels are specifically formed by stacking the individual BZ-units with support rings, which have axial and radial borings, positioned between them.    USE -   Liquid cooled fuel-cell batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Cost-favourable and compact design for liquid cooling of fuel cell stack.    (DE19821767-C2)      A fuel-cell stack having at least two fuel-cell (BZ) units (4) in which a sealing frame (1) tightly encloses the intermediate space between the separators of BZ-units (4) for receiving a cooling medium. In the fuel-cell stack, the supply- and distribution-channels for the cooling medium are specifically integrated in the sealing frame (1).    The axial channels are specifically formed by stacking the individual BZ-units with support rings, which have axial and radial borings, positioned between them.    USE -   Liquid cooled fuel-cell batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Cost-favourable and compact design for liquid cooling of fuel cell stack.    (EP1086502-A2)      A fuel-cell stack having at least two fuel-cell (BZ) units (4) in which a sealing frame (1) tightly encloses the intermediate space between the separators of BZ-units (4) for receiving a cooling medium. In the fuel-cell stack, the supply- and distribution-channels for the cooling medium are specifically integrated in the sealing frame (1).    The axial channels are specifically formed by stacking the individual BZ-units with support rings, which have axial and radial borings, positioned between them.    USE -   Liquid cooled fuel-cell batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Cost-favourable and compact design for liquid cooling of fuel cell stack.
(EP1094031-A1)   NOVELTY - A single pipe cylindrical reformer has a vertical cylindrical outer tube, a cylindrical inner tube inside the outer tube and arranged coaxially, cylindrical intermediate tubes between the inner and outer tubes and arranged coaxially, cylindrical radiating tube inside the inner tube and arranged coaxially, a burner fixed to an axial end part of the reformer by arranging coaxially in the radiating tube, and circulating flow passages formed in radial direction layers between the inner tube and the intermediates tubes and between the intermediate tubes and the outer tube so reforming catalyst can be packed as a reforming catalyst layer in at least one part.    USE - The reformer produces hydrogen-rich reformed gas by steam reforming hydrocarbon fuels such as city gas, natural gas and LPG, and alcohols, and can be combined with solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is small in size, quick starting and has a high operating efficiency. A reformed gas of low carbon monoxide concentration is produced.
(JP2000302407-A)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide comprises: (i) a reaction vessel filled with a catalyst which catalyzes the oxidation of carbon monoxide in preference to hydrogen in a hydrogen-rich gas, in the presence of oxygen; (ii) a device to supply oxygen (-containing) gas to different areas of the reaction vessel carrying the hydrogen-rich gas; and (iii) at a more downstream point along the stream of hydrogen rich gas, a larger cross section.    USE - For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich gas whilst maintaining a high concentration of hydrogen in the gas.
(JP2000342250-A)   NOVELTY - Bacterial strains (FERMBP-7046) and (FERMBP-7049) of the genus Acinetobacter, a strain (FERMBP-7047) of the genus Pseudomonas, a strain (FERMBP-7048) of the genus Alcaligenes, strains (FERMBP-7050), (FERMBP-7051) and (FERMBP-7052) of the genus Flavobacteria and/or a strain (FERMBP-7053) of the genus Moraxella, used as heavy oil-degrading bacteria, are new.    USE - The bacterial strains are useful for treating a building and/or civil engineering material containing earth and/or sand to which heavy oil is attached.    ADVANTAGE - The bacterial mixture is inexpensively prepared, and simplifies degradation and removal operations.
(JP2001035512-A)   NOVELTY - Battery has electrolyte board (30) between electrodes (10,12) supported inside the cell (20). Wet seal is formed in the cell having recess (18) for air supply during cleaning corrugated end (28) contacts the inside of the electrodes forming wet seal during cleaning baking operation of electrolyte impregnated in holding material.    USE - As fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens time for cleaning the electrolyte by supplying sufficient oxygen, avoiding leakage of fuel salt and gas by perfect sealing effect as corrugated end contacting electrode is provided.
(DE19918850-A1)   NOVELTY - A membrane (2) is coupled to a fuel cell's cathode exhaust gas (20). A connecting element (22) connects a membrane side to an anode or the cathode exhaust gas. In operation water vapor penetrates the membrane by using a concentration gradient on both sides of the membrane, thus humidifying the gas supplied to the fuel cell. A vacuum pump (4) can maintain the concentration gradient. A dosing unit (5) meters out an exact dose of humidification for the cathode gas supply.    USE - In fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - This device is cost-effective and saves space.
(DE19916857-A1)   NOVELTY - An organic waste is disposed by preparing decomposition promoting material with bacteria on sterile carriers; introducing the material into a fermenting tank and periodically feeding food waste; intermittently mixing the contents of the tank; and operating a temperature regulator for controlling fermenting and/or oxidizing action of the bacteria.    USE - The method is used for disposing organic wastes. It is very useful for environmental industry.    ADVANTAGE - The invention disposes food wastes completely and cleanly with producing little offensive odor.    (JP2000301112-A)   NOVELTY - An organic waste is disposed by preparing decomposition promoting material with bacteria on sterile carriers; introducing the material into a fermenting tank and periodically feeding food waste; intermittently mixing the contents of the tank; and operating a temperature regulator for controlling fermenting and/or oxidizing action of the bacteria.    USE - The method is used for disposing organic wastes. It is very useful for environmental industry.    ADVANTAGE - The invention disposes food wastes completely and cleanly with producing little offensive odor.
(JP2001000956-A)   NOVELTY - Method for decomposing hair and feathers comprises treating them with a fungus in an oxygen-containing gas stream, is new.    USE - The method can be used to convert waste hair from the leather industry and feathers from the poultry industry into a product useful as a fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - Large volumes of hair and feathers can be processed at low cost.    (CN1274701-A)   NOVELTY - Method for decomposing hair and feathers comprises treating them with a fungus in an oxygen-containing gas stream, is new.    USE - The method can be used to convert waste hair from the leather industry and feathers from the poultry industry into a product useful as a fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - Large volumes of hair and feathers can be processed at low cost.
(EP1057788-A2)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for converting organic waste material, especially lavatory waste, into a soil-like product comprising pre- and post-composting chambers and filter chamber, is new.    USE - The apparatus is especially useful for converting lavatory waste into a product useful as a soil improver and fertilizer.
(WO200063996-A1)   NOVELTY - The inlet pipe (1) for the fuel, e.g. hydrogen, is in the form of a hollow bolt. Tightening the threaded hose connection stub (2) on the bolt compresses the stack. The same design can be used for the waste gas and cooling medium connection stubs    USE - To compress the stacks to ensure good electrical conduction between the individual components of the stack    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates separate compression systems reducing the weight and cost of the cell
(US6136875-A)   NOVELTY - Foam process using low fugitive volatile organic compound emissions by using low permeability blowing agent(s) and a low volatility blowing agent(s).    USE - Used for foaming polystyrene, e.g. as a insulation board.    ADVANTAGE - Gives low fugitive volatile organic compound emissions. The foams also include nucleating agents which regulate cell formation and morphology.
(JP2001035522-A)   NOVELTY - The modifier (1) consists of fuel modification catalyst carried to activated charcoal (13), with an electrical resistance of 5000 mega/125 cm3 or less. A pair of electrodes (14) is provided on both sides of catalyst. Heat generation occurs by direct electrification of the activated charcoal.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of a modifier is achieved. Since highly conductive activated charcoal is used as a carrier for fuel modification catalyst. Temperature rise or heat generation is quickly brought about by supplying electricity. Excellent startability and transient response property are attained. Size of the electric supply devices such as battery and capacitor is reduced.
(JP2000300940-A)   NOVELTY - A number of static gas mixing elements (11) are fitted between inlet (7) and outlet (8) of a flue (4) connected to a fermenter (1). A heater (13) is provided close to the inlet to heat the exhaust gas. Based on outlet side temperature detection result, the heater is operated at 650 degreesC or more.    USE - For fermenting organic refuse e.g. vegetable, marine products and meat.    ADVANTAGE - Homogeneous heating is ensured by static mixing elements. Rate of deodorization by combustion decomposition can be enhanced.
(DE19921405-A1)   NOVELTY - Disposal of rottable waste (A) comprising, filling (A) into a container and mixing it with liquid (preferably water) to form a slurry. The fatty and oil components (B) are separated from the slurry for separate disposal, and the (B)-free slurry is passed (in)directly to the waste water and/or to biological refuse disposal for composting.    USE - The method is used to treat wastes from houses, or from service or industrial operations.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple and significantly reduces environmental pollution caused by fats (which present problems in water purification/clarification plants).
(EP1106270-A1)   NOVELTY - Disposal of a chlorine-containing organic compound comprises decomposing in a material for treatment and removing it from the material. A biological treatment step is provided by contacting the material with a first microorganism to oxidize nitrogen at reduced state to effect decomposition of the compound.    USE - The method and apparatus are for disposal of chlorine-containing organic compounds e.g. dioxins from flash ash, contaminated soil and refuse leachate.    ADVANTAGE - Such method and apparatus are convenient to use and can provide complete disposal of chlorine-containing organic compounds, at low cost.
(JP2000251911-A)   NOVELTY - The system has a reforming device (1) that reforms the fuel and produces a hydrogen-rich reformed gas. A fuel cell (3) performs a reaction between the reformed gas and a gas containing oxygen and generates energy. The flow of reformed gas is controlled so that the reforming device operating pressure equals a demand pressure. The demand load current is derived from the cell depending on the detected cell flow so that the cell operating pressure equals a demand value. A load current correction is derived from a deviation between the detected cell input pressure and the cell demand pressure. The correction is added to the demanded load current.    USE - For power generation, especially for a system for reforming a gas for return to a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a reforming device and a fuel cell to be operated at their respective operating pressures, enables a pressure balance to be maintained and ensures that energy is not drawn in excess of the capacity of the cell.
(FR2792114-A1)   NOVELTY - Electronically conducting needles through which the charges flow are located perpendicular to the surface of the screen (A) separating two adjacent elements of the cell, but not passing through them. The screen (A) has good electronic conductivity.    USE - In fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of gas from one compartment to another is eliminated.
(US6284206-B1)   NOVELTY - Selective oxidizer assembly (12) contains a fuel gas inlet (16), a metered oxygen or air inlet (18), a flow section (I) of catalyzed fuel gas and oxygen, a coolant inlet (22), and a heat exchange section (I) which includes monolithic open cell foam component (MOCFC) which is in contact with coolant fluid conduit. MOCFC includes a lattice which provides enhanced heat transfer from gas flowing through MOCFC.    USE - Used for fuel cell power plant.    ADVANTAGE - The use of heat exchanger elements and open cell monolithic construction, with its minimized gas flow surface area and excellent heat transfer characteristics, allows minimization of size and weight of selective oxidizer assemblage. Therefore, light weight, sturdy selective oxidizer assemblage which provides large surface area per unit volume of the selective oxidizer, and efficient heat transfer properties is provided. The compact selective oxidizer assemblage is desirable for vehicular applications and also benefits larger higher power output fuel cell power plants or stand-alone selective oxidizers.
(JP2001178451-A)   NOVELTY - Pseudomonas sp. AQ-T5 strain (FERMP-17554) or its mutant capable of producing a lipolysis enzyme not secreted extracellularly, comprising a 16S ribosomal RNA gene of 1141 nucleotides defined in the specification, is new.    USE - For processing waste water containing fat and oil ejected from the food-processing industry.    ADVANTAGE - Fat and oil in waste water is dissolved efficiently and is inexpensive. Efficiency of waste water treatment is enhanced.
(JP2000294265-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system uses a dry compressor to provide compressed air used as the oxidant. Controlled amounts of water are sprayed directly onto the rotor(s) of the dry compressor to reduce the energy required by the compressor to compress a given amount of air.    USE - Fuel cell system for continuously producing electrical energy using oxygen and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The energy efficiency of the dry compressor is optimized, particularly at low speeds, in order to reduce the parasitic load the compressor places on the fuel cell system.    (US6268074-B1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system uses a dry compressor to provide compressed air used as the oxidant. Controlled amounts of water are sprayed directly onto the rotor(s) of the dry compressor to reduce the energy required by the compressor to compress a given amount of air.    USE - Fuel cell system for continuously producing electrical energy using oxygen and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The energy efficiency of the dry compressor is optimized, particularly at low speeds, in order to reduce the parasitic load the compressor places on the fuel cell system.
(EP1086756-A2)   NOVELTY - In a first mechanical stage, a quantity of the refuse containing a homogenous proportion of biodegradable waste, is lifted from the tip. The separated refuse is subjected to aerobic and if necessary anaerobic treatment by e.g. conversion to compost, fermentation or foul treatment process such that after four days the respiration is equal to or less than 10 mg O2/g in dry matter.    USE - Multi-stage process to minimize escape of leachate from open refuse disposal installation site.    ADVANTAGE - The process is suitable for both retrospective incorporation in existing refuse sites, and for use in association with new sites.
(WO200055240-A1)   NOVELTY - Semi-finished product (I), comprising biodegradable and compostable polymers, is coated on at least one face with a composition comprising at least (A) a cellulose ester and (B) a plasticizer or plasticizer mixture, is new.    USE - (I) is useful for the packaging of food or non-food items, cosmetics and hygiene articles, labels or as hot house coverings, mulch, in plant protection, for sacks for the transport of goods or for containers for the release of their contents following decomposition of the container. (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - (I) has improved resistance to hydrolysis and improved tensile strength.
(JP2000243418-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system (20) has a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (30) generating electrical energy if fed with a fuel gas and an oxidative gas. A fuel gas feeder (22) supplies hydrogenous fuel gas to the fuel cell. A fuel gas humidifier (23) moistens the fuel gas. An oxidative gas feeder (24) supplies an oxygenated oxidative gas like air. A cooler (50) cools the fuel cell. An electronic controller (60) regulates the operation of the fuel cell system.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - This system can determine the precise level of moisture in the electrolyte membranes. The fuel gas feeder can reform methane or methanol.
NOVELTY - Converting organic waste by thermophilic fermentation comprising the provision of a predetermined amount of porous material as a fermentation medium, its mixing with organic waste that naturally contain microrganisms, heating to 45-100degreesC, allowing microbial symbiosis and the continuous proliferation and growth inside the porous material for a predetermined time is new.    USE - For converting organic waste using thermophilic fermentation (claimed). The organic waste includes animal manure, animal fecal matters, animal carcass, food wastes, food processing waste, green waste, and/or kitchen waste, to useful end product e.g., organic fertilizer or animal feed supplements with comfortable smell (claimed). The porous material is chosen from charcoal, coal, oyster shell, clam shell, sea shell, egg shell, rice husk, corn husk, bone, wood, feather, glass, ceramic, gypsum, porcelain, clay, diatomaceous earth, starch polymer, minerals, and/or metal (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method reduces processing time to less than 12 hours. It produces useful end product, such that farmers save fertilizer or animal feeds expense(s) and earn extra income by selling organic fertilizer or animal feed supplements. It prevents secondary pollution from using trucks to move waste(s) to another site. It also reduces the burden of landfill and waste handling expenses. It requires low capital investment on equipment.
(WO200070063-A1)   NOVELTY - An isolated Coniothyrium minitans nucleic acid molecule (cxy1), which encodes a polypeptide (Cxy1) having xylanolytic activity, is new.    USE - The cxy1 nucleic acid molecule is compatible with both eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems, making it particularly useful for a wide range of industrial applications, e.g. improvement of nutritional availability of carbohydrates in animal feeds. The xylanase enzyme, Cxy1, is useful for the enzymatic removal of xylan from woody plant tissue to improve pulp quality. It is also useful for degrading agricultural wastes to reduce organic waste disposal in landfill sites. Xylanase is also useful for improving the quality of flour in baked goods. Because xylan represents considerable reserve of nutritive sugar sequestered in plant biomass, xylanase is important in ruminal digestion of forage fiber, where the release of xylose monomers may provide a nutritive source for non-xylanolytic ruminal microflora.
(JP2000313884-A)   NOVELTY - A waste-treatment method comprises the exposure of waste mainly composed of raw rubber, old tires, waste lumber, paper diapers or/and waste plastics to a high-temperature steam under anoxic conditions for carbonization. Such method can be operated quickly, safely and efficiently without generating obnoxious substances such as dioxins, with little smell and environmental impact.    USE - The method is for treating e.g. garbage, waste lumber, paper diapers, waste plastics, organic sludge discharged from food industries and household to produce fuel and carbonaceous materials with recovery of water.    ADVANTAGE - Such method can be operated quickly, safely and efficiently without generating obnoxious substances such as dioxins, with little smell and environmental impact.
(DE19961482-A1)   NOVELTY - Storage tanks (4) are provided in the circulation pipeline (201) for storing water, hydrocarbon fuel or a mixture of both from which branch pipelines (26,27) are provided for raw material supply which is force fed for modification to a carbon monoxide reduction unit (14) through an evaporation portion (12) and modification portion (13). The carbon monoxide reduction unit is cooled by heat exchanger (5).    USE - For fuel battery (claimed) used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide reduction is stabilized even on load fluctuation.
(DE10012844-A1)   NOVELTY - Burner system comprises solid oxide monolithic fuel cell (15). Natural gas fuel is partially reformed before introduction into cell using a POX reformer (40) and air is preheated. Heat energy is recovered from the exhaust (46) of the fuel cell. 23-30% of fuel is supplied to the air preheater. The air preheater combustor and fuel burner are non-stoichiometric.    USE - The burner system for the solid oxide fuel cell is used for generation of heat.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell burner has improved efficiency.    (JP2000306592-A)   NOVELTY - Burner system comprises solid oxide monolithic fuel cell (15). Natural gas fuel is partially reformed before introduction into cell using a POX reformer (40) and air is preheated. Heat energy is recovered from the exhaust (46) of the fuel cell. 23-30% of fuel is supplied to the air preheater. The air preheater combustor and fuel burner are non-stoichiometric.    USE - The burner system for the solid oxide fuel cell is used for generation of heat.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell burner has improved efficiency.
(WO200053542-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for treating waste comprises closeable cell for processing waste to produce biogas, where the cell bears all or some of the weight of an associated building.    USE - For generating biogas for heating a greenhouse. For processing fish farm waste or chicken manure. Treatment of municipal solid waste or other wastes to produce biogas, preferably for heat and energy supply to an associated building such as a greenhouse. Treated waste is used as compost. Leachate is collected and dried to produce fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The biogas is a valuable energy source. Treated waste and leachate can be used as compost and fertilizer respectively. Waste volume is substantially reduced in a short time. Odor is reduced. The cost of the associated building is reduced by using the roof of the cells as foundation.
(JP2000268842-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell battery has at least one air or oxygen-containing gas inlet point (25) for each cell and post-combustion occurs in an annular chamber around the cell stack.. The inlet points communicate as a whole or in groups via at least one air chamber (115) extending axially along the stack and in direct contact with it. Each air chamber is divided from a post-combustion chamber (4) by at least one dividing wall (40).    USE - Fuel cell battery.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is more cost-effective with respect to the supply of air into the fuel cells.    (CN1267923-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell battery has at least one air or oxygen-containing gas inlet point (25) for each cell and post-combustion occurs in an annular chamber around the cell stack.. The inlet points communicate as a whole or in groups via at least one air chamber (115) extending axially along the stack and in direct contact with it. Each air chamber is divided from a post-combustion chamber (4) by at least one dividing wall (40).    USE - Fuel cell battery.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is more cost-effective with respect to the supply of air into the fuel cells.
(WO200052777-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has two electrodes, an electrolyte layer between them and at least one gas distribution structure for distributing an operating medium over an electrode. The gas distribution structure has several modular gas distribution units that are connected together. A modular gas distribution unit is in the form of a piece of pipe with one or more openings leading to the bounding electrode.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Damage caused by thermal stresses is prevented and the fuel cell can be manufactured in a simple manner.    (DE19908989-C2)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has two electrodes, an electrolyte layer between them and at least one gas distribution structure for distributing an operating medium over an electrode. The gas distribution structure has several modular gas distribution units that are connected together. A modular gas distribution unit is in the form of a piece of pipe with one or more openings leading to the bounding electrode.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Damage caused by thermal stresses is prevented and the fuel cell can be manufactured in a simple manner.
(DE19907908-C2)   NOVELTY - Continuous production of a suspension in the treatment of biodegradable refuse comprises a reduction of the primary solution stage time of a batch process and a replacement of the secondary solution by a recycle loop.    USE - The process is used for the production of a suspension from biodegradable refuse for use in bio-reactors    ADVANTAGE - A 30 percent increase in throughput and a 40 percent reduction of maintenance is claimed, compared to the batch method. Material bottlenecks are eliminated.
(US6268077-B1)   NOVELTY - The power supply includes fuel tank (110) connected to fuel delivery unit (120) in the housing. The tank and fuel cell are enclosed in the housing having volume less than 500 cubic centimeters. The ejected fuel is converted to power by pneumatic fuel cell (140).    USE - For handheld electrical devices like two-way radios, cellular telephones, laptop computers.    ADVANTAGE - Due to usage of air circulated fuel cell, the need for separate air source is eliminated. Ensures stable output power for long period by using mini fuel tanks.
NOVELTY - Biologically pure culture of Gordona sp. CYKS1 (KCTC 0431BP) capable of utilizing organic sulfur material as a sole sulfur source, is new.    USE - CYKS1 is useful for desulfurizing fossil fuels, e.g. crude oil, petroleum and diesel oil, containing organic sulfur compounds such as methyl sulfide, thiophene, thiazole, 2-methylthiophene, 3-methylthiophene, 4,5-dimethylthiophene, thianaphthene, phenyl sulfide, benzyl sulfide and dibenzothiosulfone. A mineral salt medium (20 ml) containing glucose (10 g/l) was spiked with dibenzothiophene (0.3 mM, as an anhydrous ethanol solution) and incubated with CYKS1. The dibenzothiophene concentration after 60 hours was 0.05 mM.    ADVANTAGE - CYKS1 is capable of desulfurizing dibenzothiophene and more complex organic sulfur compounds at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
(JP2000264851-A)   NOVELTY - A methane hydrate is produced by reacting water and a hydrate producing substance by spraying water (10) into a gaseous phase (G) containing the hydrate producing substance in a hydrate producing vessel (1) and supplying the hydrate producing substance in a gas state into an aqueous phase (L) in the hydrate producing vessel.    USE - For producing methane gas hydrates for investigating the possibilities of storing methane.    ADVANTAGE - A highly concentrated hydrate is produced efficiently in a short time.    (JP2000256227-A)   NOVELTY - A methane hydrate is produced by reacting water and a hydrate producing substance by spraying water (10) into a gaseous phase (G) containing the hydrate producing substance in a hydrate producing vessel (1) and supplying the hydrate producing substance in a gas state into an aqueous phase (L) in the hydrate producing vessel.    USE - For producing methane gas hydrates for investigating the possibilities of storing methane.    ADVANTAGE - A highly concentrated hydrate is produced efficiently in a short time.    (GB2347938-B)   NOVELTY - A methane hydrate is produced by reacting water and a hydrate producing substance by spraying water (10) into a gaseous phase (G) containing the hydrate producing substance in a hydrate producing vessel (1) and supplying the hydrate producing substance in a gas state into an aqueous phase (L) in the hydrate producing vessel.    USE - For producing methane gas hydrates for investigating the possibilities of storing methane.    ADVANTAGE - A highly concentrated hydrate is produced efficiently in a short time.
(DE19909145-A1)   NOVELTY - Gas generating reagent pressurizing equipment, comprising a pump for feeding a pressurizing medium to a reagent in a supply container is new.    USE - For pressurizing reagents such as hydrocarbons (e.g. methanol) and optionally water used in a steam reforming or partial oxidation system to generate hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell or possibly in a common rail system for diesel engines or in a common rail ultra-pure water system for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment is simpler and less expensive than conventional pump systems of the same capacity since the pump is kept out of contact with the reagent, especially an aggressive medium, and permits precise and reliable reagent dosing.
(JP2000312824-A)   NOVELTY - Molecular sieve carbon (I) is used for the large-scale separation of nitrogen from methane.    USE - (I) can be used in the form of pellets, granules, powder, fibers or honeycomb structures for recovering a methane-enriched gas from a mixture of methane and nitrogen, e.g. natural gas or biogas, by contacting the mixture with (I) under pressure so that the nitrogen is selectively adsorbed and removed.    ADVANTAGE - (I) selectively adsorbs nitrogen and also removes carbon dioxide.
(JP2000223137-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a number of unit cells each containing electrodes covering an intermediate electrolyte membrane on both sides and a number of separators (3) between the unit cells. Each separator has adjacent contact protrusions (65,75) facing the electrodes and contacting them with predefined contact widths, fluid channels (6a,7a) for carrying fluid containing active material from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet and a region in which the contact widths of the protrusions on the side closer to the outlet is smaller than on the side nearer the inlet.    USE - For producing electricity from a fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates the distribution of an active material into a fluid containing the active material into the interior of the electrode.
(DE19910267-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixture containing a plant residue, one or more polymerisates which absorb water and/or aqueous liquids (and optionally water), is new.    USE - The mixture is useful not only for the storage and transport, but also for the further processing of residues which result during the processing of plant materials. It can also be used as a depot material, combustion additive, soil improver, fertilizer, soil substrate or raw material for the production of polysaccharides, especially xanthan gum. Further, it can be used to obtain other substances, especially phenolic compounds, e.g. caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumarin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and homovanillic acid, from the plant residue by extraction with an organic solvent and/or steam distillation.    ADVANTAGE - The mixture facilitates the disposal of plant residues which otherwise are not only expensive and difficult to handle, but also pose environmental problems as they are present in the form of suspensions and decompose rapidly to give harmful degradation products and an unpleasant smell. Decomposition of the mixture does not occur over a period of several weeks.
(WO200063997-A1)   NOVELTY - Several fuel cell stacks are externally coupled to the support structure (10) which has several passages. The passages are used to access the fuel cell stacks, when they are coupled to the support structure.    USE - For supporting and accessing fuel cell stacks in fuel cell assembly employed in automotive aerospace, industrial environments.    ADVANTAGE - The unconsumed fuel can be recirculated to the inlet of the fuel cell stack by the action of pump or blower powered from an external source.
(DE19910387-A1)      A fuel-cell battery includes a fuel-cell stack and a heating arrangement, in which at least one line is provided from the heating arrangement to the stack, so that the heat can be coupled out of the heating arrangement into the stack. The heating facility is specifically a reformer and/or part of a reformer system, and the line is part of a circulation system that contains a heat conveyance medium.    More specifically, the heating arrangement comprises a catalytic burner.    USE -   Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC)-based fuel cell battery for low- and medium-temperature use.    ADVANTAGE -   Improved cold-start performance i.e. low-temperature cold starting of battery possible without greatly increased demand on process gas.
(GB2347411-B)   NOVELTY - Compostable sludges are aerated by the addition of hollow tubes to sludge which provide adequate oxygen to allow composting to commence.    USE - For aeration of compostable sludges by providing adequate oxygen for the composting to commence.    ADVANTAGE - The process improves the aeration of compostable sludges that have insufficient porosity to allow adequate oxygen supply to reach the whole bulk of the sludge.
(JP2000243416-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell system for generating electrical energy from a fuel gas produced in a steam reformer includes a compressor for pressurizing the oxidizing gas supply to the reformer.    USE - The system is useful for generating electrical energy from hydrocarbon-based fuels, e.g. methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The second compressor overcomes the pressure drop in the steam reformer, ensuring that the exit gas from the fuel cell is under sufficient pressure to be supplied to the combustion unit.
NOVELTY - Organism and an oxidation filtration equipment having a contact filtration part where a filter medium which filters the suspended matter of in water and provides a proliferation environment of a microorganisms group is stored, and a microorganisms group is made to contact by introducing water to the upward side of this filter medium, while filtering water, is new.    USE - Used as filtration equipment which can be used for pretreatment, post-processing or sewage and waste water treatment in a water works.    ADVANTAGE - Since the proliferation environment of a microorganisms group can be preserved by the aeration function when dissolved oxygen is increased, the organism contact effect is improved. Since abundant air and/or oxygen are made to contact raw water, the heavy metal which is the inhibition component of the proliferation environment of a microorganisms group can be treated by oxidation. It is possible to adjust a structure and filtration rate of a filter medium for the objective of water purification. It is possible to heighten the processing effect according to the objective of water purification.
(DE19908905-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen generating unit supplied with water condensed from the generated hydrogen gas and/or from the cathode off-gas.    USE - The fuel cell system is especially useful as an electric vehicle fuel cell system with an integral hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative steam reformer for hydrogen generation.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides extremely efficient water utilization to provide good dynamic properties under fluctuating load conditions and, if required, can have a relatively compact construction.
(EP1080164-A1)   NOVELTY - A turbulent burner (18) is fitted in the combustion chamber. Some of the gas from the combustion chamber is treated in a post-combustion chamber (25), while the rest is fed into the thermolysis chamber. An oxygen supply (22) to the burner is controlled to produce combustion gases which are depleted of free oxygen at the combustion chamber outlet.    USE - Thermolysis of industrial or urban waste.    ADVANTAGE - Control of the oxygen input allows control of the burner regardless of the calorific value of the waste.
(DE10080450-T)   NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide conversion apparatus for fuel cells has a reaction vessel having gas outlet and inlet containing a catalyst comprising at least platinum or palladium on a support having basic spots on the surface.    USE - The converter can be used for instantaneously carrying out a starting operation for modifying a gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam so the carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide while generating hydrogen. The fuel cell generating system is effective in e.g. domestic or vehicle power sources.    ADVANTAGE - The modification treatment can be carried out at increased temperature. The operation which prevents inhibition of the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen with carbon monoxide is performed effectively and instantly.
(US6106594-A)   NOVELTY - A bisglycoluril derivative of specified formula is used to selectively separate methane from carbon dioxide rich gas streams by forming a complex.    USE - For processing natural gas.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient and economic method as compared to the prior art techniques which use absorption/desorption or cyrogenic fractionation techniques to separate CO2.
(CN1259490-A)   NOVELTY - Filtration tank is partitioned with floor board (15) to form a filtered water catchment chamber at the bottom. Several hollow cylindrical plastic made micro-organism carriers (14) with specific gravity of 1.05-1.2 g/ml, are used as submerged floating filtration medium in raw water supplied into upper part of floor board. Biologically filtered water is collected in catchment chamber (16) via nozzles (13).    USE - For primary raw water filtration and secondary filtered water filtration purification.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces filtration pressure loss of raw water flowing in filtration tank, as hollow carriers are used. Enhances micro-organism adherence surface area, as hollow carrier is used. Reduces backwash air and water quality requirement, as specified specific gravity of carrier material is used.
(JP2000283971-A)   NOVELTY - Analyzing trace impurities in gases comprises separating the main components and trace impurities from a sample gas conveyed by a carrier gas by gas chromatography, introducing the gases outflowing from the chromatography into an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer, and analyzing the trace impurities. A mixed gas is used as the carrier gas.    USE - Analyzing trace impurities in gases, particularly for detecting ppb-sub ppb levels of trace impurities in various high-purity gases by a combined analyzer comprising gas chromatography and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer.    ADVANTAGE - Analysis of a very small quantity of impurities is possible by a simple operation, without making the column arrangement or the structure of flow complicated.
(FR2789984-A1)   NOVELTY - Machine for turning compost heaps comprising a vehicle that can be driven alongside a heap and has at least 1 cutting tool that follows the slope of the heap, removes material from it and transfers the material to a new heap on the other side of the vehicle, where the cutting tool and the front of the vehicle form a wedge shape that allows the tool to cut into the heap as the vehicle moves forward.    USE - For turning compost heaps.    ADVANTAGE - The machine can move through narrower gaps between heaps than conventional turning machines.
(US6200696-B1)   NOVELTY - Several fuel cells (11-16) and fuel reformers (21-25) are arranged in the cell stack (2) such that inlet ports (21A-26A) of fuel cells and outlet ports of reformer are arranged on one side (21B-26B) of cell stack. The fuel from the cell is supplied to the reformer through delivery unit arranged in the sealing area between manifold (32) and port arrangement surface.    USE - For DC power generating system using hyrdocarbonate fuel.    ADVANTAGE - As manifold is provided in the sealing area, the need for gas sealing at feed lines is eliminated. Reduces interference to fuel supply operation, by providing the bellows in the feed lines.
(US6156872-A)   NOVELTY - A composition comprising a non-linear paraffin-soluble (olefin co-carbon monoxide) copolymer.    USE - As PVC modifiers or degradable films.    ADVANTAGE - Unlike the prior art, the copolymer is non-linear and paraffin soluble.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (1) has at least one meandering channel (4), for supplying a fuel cell membrane, which separates the anode and cathode sides of the fuel cell, with the cross-section of the meandering channel increasing in the flow direction, according to a linear, an exponential, or a step function.    USE - The fuel cell is used for providing electrical energy from an electrochemical reaction.    ADVANTAGE - The variation in the cross-section of the meandering channel ensures a constant hydrogen consumption per unit length, for providing a uniform surface loading, preventing thermal and mechanical stress.
(DE19902926-C2)   NOVELTY - Steam reforming apparatus comprises a pyrolysis reactor (5) connected to a shift reactor (10). The pyrolysis reactor carries out a splitting process and the shift reactor carries out a hydrogen gas shift reaction on the product gas containing carbon monoxide from the pyrolysis reactor.    USE - In a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is lightweight, compact. simple to regulate and has a high hydrogen yield.
(JP2000203804-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel reformer comprises a transforming region, a shift reaction region with a maximum capacity in a prescribed ratio to the maximum capacity of the transforming region, an oxidation gas feed unit, and a regulating region.    USE - For converting hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen-rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is compact and efficient.
(WO200046559-A1)   NOVELTY - A carbon dioxide separating apparatus comprises active heat exchanger (216) for freezing carbon dioxide and regenerating heat exchanger (221), expansion valve (215) and compressor (218) for precooling, expanding and compressing refrigerant (R), respectively. Exchanger (216) contacts mixture of gases maintained at predefined pressure and exchanger (221) contacts R.    USE - For cryogenic purification of biogas, especially methane gas having high carbon dioxide concentration and for separating carbon dioxide from a mixture of gases.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus utilizes a single stage process to separate carbon dioxide and methane into highly pure product streams without the need for further polishing to enhance the purity of the products. The methane product stream is liquefied to form a high value product in the same stage in which separation of methane and carbon dioxide occurs. The process provides lower capital costs, lower operating costs and reduced complexity and superior gas processing capabilities at large land fills.
(DE19903566-A1)   NOVELTY - Poor C1/C2 separation occurs in the rectification column (T1) and C2-depleted fraction (8) is recycled before the adsorptive or permeative separation stage (A1).    USE - For obtaining ethylene.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.
(JP2000206035-A)   NOVELTY - The light diffuser (10) is positioned in the optical path of the coherent light output (4) from a laser source (1) for diffusing the coherent light to eliminate coherence.    USE - In laser absorption spectroscopy to detect the presence and concentration of a target gas.    ADVANTAGE - Target gas can be detected with high precision by suppressing measurement errors caused by multiple reflections of the laser beam. The problem arises because a laser beam has coherence causing coherence originated optical noise. The light diffuser changes the laser beam into incoherent light reducing the problem.
(EP1053949-A2)   NOVELTY - A new compost bin has four sidewalls and an open access aperture which is closed by a hinged lid which is opened and closed by a lever mechanism that allows the lid to be partially opened to a first position giving unhindered access for small quantities of organic refuse, or to be opened to a second fully open position which gives unhindered access to the full aperture.    USE - The device is used as a compost bin.    ADVANTAGE - The three-position lid provides ease of access for both small and larger quantities of refuse.
NOVELTY - Treatment of organic material, is new.    USE - The treatment of organic material is used for the production of biogas and energy and for treatment of organic wastes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method offers, an optimal and efficient two-step anaerobic biological process for treatment of organic material, and to give a high yield of methane by efficient control of the presence of VFA in the reactors. Optimal pH ranges were maintained for the processes in both reactors without the use of pH regulating chemicals. The method offers a more robust process monitoring and a process that will adapt more efficiently to changes in quality, amount of feed and allows for using more indirect, but robust measurement in automatic process control for treatment of organic material.
(FR2788051-A1)   NOVELTY - The feed gas is sent to a pressure modulation adsorber (2) which contains an adsorber with a low affinity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO) and a strong affinity for the other components. The gas from this adsorber is sent to a purifier (3) using permeation provided with membranes which strongly select between CO and hydrogen, producing a stream of pure CO.    USE - Economical production of high purity CO at a useable pressure
(US6124054-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell is system supplying electric power comprises: (1) an electrolyte (8); (2) a cathode catalyst (20) between a cathode substrate (18) and the electrolyte on one side of the electrolyte; (3) an anode catalyst (12) between an anode substrate (10) and the electrolyte on the opposite side of the electrolyte; (4) a cathode flow field (2) having an inlet for flowing oxidant in contact with the cathode, the cathode field being vented to permit release of exhaust; (5) an oxidant pump (30) for pumping oxidant to the cathode flow field inlet; (6) an anode flow field (2') for allowing a stream of hydrogen to contact the anode, the anode field having an exhaust; (7) a hydrogen source (22) for the anode flow field; and (8) an anode flow field exhaust line connecting the exhaust of the anode flow field to a hydrogen/oxidant catalytic surface, where hydrogen in the exhaust of the anode flow field will be combusted.    USE - For dissipating residual fuel emanating from the anode flow field of a fuel call so that the flow is sufficient to purge inert residue which accumulates on the anode side of the cell.
(EP1035094-A1)   NOVELTY - An integrated deethanizer and ethylene fractionation column for separating a feed stream comprising ethylene, ethane and C3+ into individual components.    USE - For separating the feed stream comprising ethylene, ethane and C3+ into individual components.    ADVANTAGE - The design allows the use of one slightly larger column in place of the two large columns previously used for separate deethanization and ethylene fractionation.    (JP2000273468-A)   NOVELTY - An integrated deethanizer and ethylene fractionation column for separating a feed stream comprising ethylene, ethane and C3+ into individual components.    USE - For separating the feed stream comprising ethylene, ethane and C3+ into individual components.    ADVANTAGE - The design allows the use of one slightly larger column in place of the two large columns previously used for separate deethanization and ethylene fractionation.
(JP2000203802-A)   NOVELTY - The reformer uses oxygen to perform a partial oxidation reforming reaction, which primarily occurs in the central area of an internal chamber. A steam reforming reaction primarily occurs in an outer peripheral area in the vicinity of the inner surface of the outer wall of the internal chamber.    USE - For reforming a hydrocarbon raw material, e.g. methane, methanol etc., to produce hydrogen for fuel cell fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The reformation efficiency is improved, and the outer wall is maintained at a relatively low temperature.
(JP2000193622-A)   NOVELTY - The calculating unit is for identifying formed gas and calculating the concentration base on the output signal of the measuring instruments.    USE - Used for evaluating catalyst performance. Used also in the hydrogenation reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen under catalyst for production of methanol as well as oxidation reaction of propane and oxygen under catalyst for production of acrolein or acrylic acid.    ADVANTAGE - Catalysts can be made concurrently, quickly and in simple steps. The catalyst shows good reaction from lower temperature.
(US6120926-A)   NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon fuel gas reformer or partial oxidation reaction device comprises fuel gas passages with an alumina coating which protects the interior of the passages against corrosion. At least portions of the alumina coating are overlain by an alkaline earth metal oxide coating substituted with an alkali metal oxide which inhibits carbon deposition in the passages.    USE - To catalytically convert fuel gas, e.g. natural gas or heavier hydrocarbons into primary constituents of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon build-up and deposition on the surfaces of internal components of the reformer assemblies are prevented.
(US6145763-A)   NOVELTY - Deposit-resistant internal combustion engine components have, on at least one surface, a coating comprising amorphous hydrogenated carbon made from trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane.    USE - The method is useful for coating steel components, preferably fuel injectors (claimed), especially in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) internal combustion engines. The coating resists build-up of deposits on injectors which are undesirable since they can change engine performance by impairing fuel economy, regulated emissions, and driving efficacy; or can require design modifications or calibration adjustments that compromise optimum engine performance.    ADVANTAGE - The fluorine-containing amorphous hydrogenated carbon (FAHC) prevents or minimizes the accumulation of carbonaceous deposits.
(US6159629-A)   NOVELTY - A manifold passage penetrates a planar layer (11) and connects coolant exhaust chamber (15) to fluid internal manifold port. Another manifold passage penetrates planar layers (12,13) and connects coolant exhaust chamber (16) to fluid internal manifold port.    USE - For electrochemical fuel cell stacks and arrays.    ADVANTAGE - The substantially planar layered manifold assembly serves as end plate component of compression assembly for applying compressive force to end of each fuel cell stack in the array. By using this layered assembly simplifies manufacturing of cells is simplified and the required number of parts are reduced. The cross sectional area for fluid flow in one or more chambers can be greater than that of equivalent pipe with diameter equal to thickness of the assembly, thereby offering less resistance to fluid flow than pipe of similar thickness.
(US6140547-A)   NOVELTY - Isomerization of alkane(s) and/or cycloalkane(s) is carried out in presence of hydrogen, a catalyst and an additive. The concentration of the additive is very low, and prevents the deactivation of the catalyst.    USE - In refinery processes for prevention of deactivation of an isomerization catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The isomerization process has the ability to operate at very low hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon molar ratios. The process has a substantial reduction in the amount of hydrogen as compared to the prior art. The process has an extending run life of the catalyst which translates into longer operating runs between catalyst regenerations. The process has the ability to operate at relatively low temperatures and fewer catalyst regeneration cycles which translates into safer operation, less down time and greater economic benefit.
(JP2000173635-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell process air is charged in two stages. In one stage, it is charged by a compressor (ML) and in the other stage, by a combined expansion and compression machine (ATL), preferably an exhaust turbocharger. Hence the gas expansion is used for the compression of charge air.    USE - For fuel cell system used in automobile, railway system, methanol cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides high pressure, recovers energy from exhaust gas, high efficiency, flexible arrangement for assembly of components, operates oil free.    (DE19856499-C1)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell process air is charged in two stages. In one stage, it is charged by a compressor (ML) and in the other stage, by a combined expansion and compression machine (ATL), preferably an exhaust turbocharger. Hence the gas expansion is used for the compression of charge air.    USE - For fuel cell system used in automobile, railway system, methanol cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides high pressure, recovers energy from exhaust gas, high efficiency, flexible arrangement for assembly of components, operates oil free.
(GB2348651-A)   NOVELTY - Waste treatment apparatus, having a chamber (5) supported by a housing (1) in which material is decomposed, and a stirrer (6) and heater (23) to stir and heat the contents of the chamber, respectively. The chamber is mounted on the housing such that the contents of the chamber are removed and emptied.    USE - The apparatus is used in passenger vehicles, in the form of a continuous decomposition toilet (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The single removable decomposition chamber which is easily removed from the housing for emptying, avoids need of a second chamber. The volume of the chamber is greater than total volume of the toilet. The stirrer permanently mounted within the chamber simplifies the emptying procedure.
(US6238640-B1)      NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide is contacted with steam and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The catalyst contains copper, alumina and at least zinc oxide, chrome oxide or magnesium oxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the catalyst used for converting CO into CO2 and hydrogen.    USE -   For converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   The copper catalyst has high catalytic activity and CO gas is converted into CO2 and H at a high conversion ratio.
(JP2000185903-A)   NOVELTY - The controller comprises a raw fuel quantity determinator for determining the quantity of fuel supplied to a heater (3), and a target temperature setter for setting the target temperature of the raw fuel on the basis of the quantity of raw fuel determined by the determinator.    USE - Controller for fuel reformer which generates a mixed vapor by heating raw fuel, e.g. methanol, and reforms the mixed vapor to a desired fuel, e.g. a gas containing rich hydrogen, for use in a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Melting of the burner and damage suffered as a result are prevented. Transient responsibility of a control for heating raw fuel is improved.
(WO200031813-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell consists of an electrolyte with electrodes on both sides, whereby at least one electrode is separated from a bounding channel or vol. by a perforated plate and a working medium is fed in and carried away via the bounding vol. or channel. The passage area through which the medium flows through the plate increases by at least 10 per cent, pref. by at least 100 per cent, in the direction of flow.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The delivery of the working medium is improved.
(DE19906849-A1)   NOVELTY - Maintenance agent comprises a mixture of at least one lipophilic propellant and an oil.    USE - Used for medical and dental instruments.    ADVANTAGE - The agent lengthens the lifetime of the instruments.
(WO200037479-A1)   NOVELTY - Invention, in particular, relates to method including carbon black production stage. Broken down wood is preliminarily freed of soluble substances by extracting it with immiscible solvents including hexane and aqueous ethanol at 30-40degreesC. Extraction mixture is separated into liquid phase and solid sludge.    USE - Woodworking industry.    ADVANTAGE - Method and installation increase efficiency of wood processing to 85.2%.
(DE19856369-A1)   NOVELTY - Resistive gas sensor comprises a gas sensitive layer, corresponding meter electrode structure and a heater. The gas sensitive layer comprises a mixture containing tungsten trioxide (WO3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) in which the portion of tungsten trioxide (WO3) is less than or equal to 50 weight % and the tungsten trioxide is present in its supported form so that tungsten trioxide is crystallized around a core of titanium oxide.    USE - Used for detection of gases.    ADVANTAGE - The gas sensitive layer has sensitivity to NO, NO2, NH3 or CHX and has good mechanical and thermal resistance.    (DE19856369-C2)   NOVELTY - Resistive gas sensor comprises a gas sensitive layer, corresponding meter electrode structure and a heater. The gas sensitive layer comprises a mixture containing tungsten trioxide (WO3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) in which the portion of tungsten trioxide (WO3) is less than or equal to 50 weight % and the tungsten trioxide is present in its supported form so that tungsten trioxide is crystallized around a core of titanium oxide.    USE - Used for detection of gases.    ADVANTAGE - The gas sensitive layer has sensitivity to NO, NO2, NH3 or CHX and has good mechanical and thermal resistance.
(DE29923530-U1)   NOVELTY - Bulk material discharge apparatus, comprising a transverse conveyor at the end face of a longitudinal rake conveyor, is new.    USE - For discharging inhomogeneous and/or fibrous bulk materials, such as wood chips, litter and especially compost, from a silo.    ADVANTAGE - The transverse conveyor provides simultaneous diversion and loosening of the material and thus prevents blockages.
(DE19950143-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel-battery system has a CO-densitometer (7) in the modifier (1). A three-way selector valve (9) is provided for changing the supply of heating gas to the fuel-battery stack. A burner (3) is also provided to burn the heated gas ejected from the fuel-battery stack.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel batteries used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the provision of CO-densitometer in modifier prevents the carbon-monoxide poisoning of electrode catalyst, easy control of fuel-battery system during starting process ensured.
(JP3100367-B2)   NOVELTY - A cover (2) is provided to the container (1) of processing apparatus. A conical inner surface (2c) is provided in the cover, which has a water receptacle portion (3) containing water drain (6) in its circumference portion (2b). The inner surface is set at a predetermined distance from the top portion (2a) of the cover.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Since cover is provided in the container, a favorable processing of refuse is attained.
(JP2000171434-A)   NOVELTY - The gas sensor includes a second oxygen pump (14) comprising a second inner electrode (10) and a second outer electrode (11) formed on an oxygen-ion conductor (1) so as to face the interior and exterior, of the second processing chamber (5) and adapted to decompose into oxygen ions O2 which remains unconsumed in reaction with combustible gas components in the second processing chamber (5), through application of a constant voltage between the second inner electrode (10) and the second outer electrode (11) and to pump out the generated oxygen ions from the second processing chamber (5) though the oxygen-ion conductor.    USE - Used for measuring the concentration of a combustible gas component.    ADVANTAGE - Provides simple structure and capable of measuring combustible gas components at high accuracy and over a wide range, as well as to provide a measuring apparatus using the gas sensor.
(DE19854353-A1)   NOVELTY - Use of an adsorbent containing a diethanolamine of formula (I), water and a polyalkylene glycol in the purification of gases containing acidic impurities is new.    USE - For removing CO2, H2S, SO2, CS2, HCN, COS or mercaptans from natural gas and synthesis gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adsorbent has good adsorption capacity.    (US6277345-B1)   NOVELTY - Use of an adsorbent containing a diethanolamine of formula (I), water and a polyalkylene glycol in the purification of gases containing acidic impurities is new.    USE - For removing CO2, H2S, SO2, CS2, HCN, COS or mercaptans from natural gas and synthesis gas (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adsorbent has good adsorption capacity.
(NL1010441-C2)   NOVELTY - Processing poultry dung is new and comprises periodically removing wet dung from an animal accommodation, for instance a poultry house and causing the dung to dry in predetermined conditions outside the animal accommodation.    USE - The system is preferably used to compost poultry manure but may also be used for cattle and pig dung.    ADVANTAGE - Since the wet chicken dung is removed from the chicken accommodation before being dried, the problem of ammonia emission, house climate and possible infections is reduced.
(JP3064267-B2)      NOVELTY - A reform gas is passed through primary secondary membranes (9,10) to separate non-permeable methane gas. The permeable gas of reform gas is sent to secondary membrane while a part flows to a supplement supply line (9d) and LPG carburization of non-permeate gas is performed.     DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reformed gas is sent to a primary membrane where a methane rich gas is obtained as non-permeate gas. The permeate gas of the primary membrane is sent to secondary membrane. The recirculation of the non-permeate gas of the secondary membrane is performed and is mixed with reform gas. The mixed gas is again sent to primary membrane to get a carbondioxide rich, high calorific SNG of calorific value 11000 Kcal/Nm3 (13A specification). When the secondary membrane can not be used one part of the permeate gas of primary apparatus is sent to a supplement line for LPG --. On part of the reform gas is supplied to recycle gas for hydrogenation desulfurization. The reform gas is methanated gas or a mixed gas of reform gas and methanated gas. The membrane is a film whose permeability coefficient is 13 or more. The CO2concentration in SNG is 2.0 or less. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing apparatus for SNG.    USE -   For manufacture of high calorific substitute natural gas.    ADVANTAGE -   Even in case of an emergency where the secondary membrane separation can not be used, the supplement supply line -- that stable supply of gas is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows schematic composition of SNG manufacturing apparatus. (9,10) Primary, Secondary membrane; (9d) Supplement supply line.
(JP3193007-B2)   NOVELTY - Amylolysis or protein degradation yeast or bacteria fixed on a porous ceramic carrier which comprises calcinated natural zeolite or an inorganic material placed inside a bioreactor, is new.    USE - The bioreactor is used in waste water treatment systems containing activated sludge units or a phosphorus absorbent unit in breweries and food industries.
(JP2000281472-A)      NOVELTY -Bucket for turning over compost used in wheel loader is new.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A bucket (1) is provided with a movable beater (2) which moves inside the bucket. An extrusion arm (3), located in the bucket, moves towards or away from the front opening of the bucket. The bucket for turning over compost is provided in a wheel loader.    USE -   For turning over compost using wheel loader.    ADVANTAGE -   Vibration of the bucket used for extrusion of compost is eliminated as an extrusion arm is provided. Air permeability is improved as compost is broken finely. Fermentation time is reduced as air permeability is improved. Efficient compost production is enabled. Odor from the compost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of bucket for turning over compost. (1) Bucket; (2) Beater; (3) Extrusion arm.
(JP2000334497-A)      NOVELTY - A vertical processing chamber (1) stores livestock waste (F) in a slurry form. An aeration unit (2) makes air to mix with waste and the mixture is made to flow upwards through the cylindrical pneumatic lift pipe (3) which extends beyond waste storage level (S) from center section of processing chamber. A cylindrical well (4) surrounding the lift pipe is extended above the upper end of the pneumatic pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cylindrical well is provided with the cap like shunt plate (5) having center hole installed above the top edge of the cylindrical well. The air slurry mixture traveling upwards through the pneumatic lift pipe is deflected by the shunt plate and made to travel downwards at predetermined intervals through the cylindrical well. A defoaming machine (8) is connected to ceiling of processing chamber.    USE -   For processing livestock waste.    ADVANTAGE -   Forms favorable aerobic environment because enough oxygen is made to dissolve with the waste due to the provision of the cylindrical well around lift pipe. Apparatus reduces burden on defoaming machine due to provision of hole in the shunt plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective cross sectional view of fermentation processing apparatus. (1) Vertical processing chamber; (2) Aeration unit; (3) Cylindrical pneumatic lift pipe; (4) Cylindrical well; (5) Cap like shunt plate; (8) Defoaming machine; (F) Livestock waste; (S) Waste storage level.
(JP2000288577-A)      NOVELTY - The fibrous matter (10) made of a biodegradable plastic, has several circular threads hung in sea water or fresh water. A bivalve (12) of adhesive nature which lives in the ocean is made to adhere to the distribution thread. The bivalve is performing athrocytosis of suspended organic substance and collected ashore.    USE -   For purifying sea water or fresh water.    ADVANTAGE -   The fibrous matter consisting of a biodegradable plastic holds bivalve for a long period of time, made to grow and then collected ashore, and so water is purified easily and effectively. The grown-up bivalve can be effectively utilized as the fodder, fertilizer, etc. Since sticky bivalve are adhered to the threads, purification is carried out efficiently with the effective prevention of detachment of bivalve and thread. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of sea water purification procedure. (10) Fibrous matter; (12) Bivalve.
(FR2786196-A1)   NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon gases obtained from a gaseous mixture discharged during the pyrolysis of household and industrial wastes are contacted with water and oxidant vapors, resulting in the production of a final gas mixture, and at least part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the mixture is used as a fuel, e.g., in a blast furnace or a cement furnace.    USE - Production of cast iron in a blast furnace and cement in a cement furnace (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduced discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere by reducing coke consumption in blast furnaces, and pulverized carbon and/or fuel oil and/or gas consumption in cement furnaces.    (JP2000154367-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon gases obtained from a gaseous mixture discharged during the pyrolysis of household and industrial wastes are contacted with water and oxidant vapors, resulting in the production of a final gas mixture, and at least part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the mixture is used as a fuel, e.g., in a blast furnace or a cement furnace.    USE - Production of cast iron in a blast furnace and cement in a cement furnace (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reduced discharge of pollutants into the atmosphere by reducing coke consumption in blast furnaces, and pulverized carbon and/or fuel oil and/or gas consumption in cement furnaces.
(EP1002571-A1)   NOVELTY - Reactor has cooled dividing walls with metal plates/metallic inserts. Cooling is achieved by feeding cooling medium into hollow or intermediate chambers into the plates/inserts.    USE - Used in carbon monoxide (CO) conversion, epoxidation of olefins to form olefin oxides, selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, non-selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, methane synthesis, methanol synthesis, Claus reaction, direct oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfur trioxide (SO3) and in the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reactor has a simple construction with a high degree of safety.    (BE1012917-A4)   NOVELTY - Reactor has cooled dividing walls with metal plates/metallic inserts. Cooling is achieved by feeding cooling medium into hollow or intermediate chambers into the plates/inserts.    USE - Used in carbon monoxide (CO) conversion, epoxidation of olefins to form olefin oxides, selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, non-selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbons, methane synthesis, methanol synthesis, Claus reaction, direct oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfur trioxide (SO3) and in the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The reactor has a simple construction with a high degree of safety.
(EP1004338-A1)   NOVELTY - A method for the foaming of organic materials during handling and fermenting is restrained by adding a silicon anti-foaming agent.    USE - Restraining foaming during transport and fermentation of materials used in biogas production eg liquid or solid manure, waste fats or oils, organic kitchen, domestic or industrial waste, abattoir wastes or composts.    ADVANTAGE - By restraining foaming the full height of the bioreactor can be used and a stable fermentation process is achieved which is controllable over a wide temperature range, both in the mesophilic range (20-45degreesC) and with thermophilic cultures at eg 45-80degreesC, thus increasing the bioreactor productivity. Further, the silicon antifoaming agent is stable to the fermentation microbes and is not degraded; it therefore retains its activity over long periods.
(DE19853379-C1)   NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide-removing device (2) is an oxidation device for carbon monoxide.    USE - Used for producing hydrogen-containing gas from hydrocarbon containing medium.
(WO200027777-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixture is prepared and is fed through a continually-operated reactor (1) by compressed and process air from jets (112) in the reactor top or bottom, and/or a washing fluid. The components are broken down by the air action and are dried by air, allowing the soluble organic components to be removed.    USE - Removal of organic residues from refuse. The compressed air maximizes aerobic decomposition and supplies the shear forces promoting mechanical particle breakdown.    ADVANTAGE - The process removes organic substances from refuse at lower cost than prior art.    (EP1127034-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixture is prepared and is fed through a continually-operated reactor (1) by compressed and process air from jets (112) in the reactor top or bottom, and/or a washing fluid. The components are broken down by the air action and are dried by air, allowing the soluble organic components to be removed.    USE - Removal of organic residues from refuse. The compressed air maximizes aerobic decomposition and supplies the shear forces promoting mechanical particle breakdown.    ADVANTAGE - The process removes organic substances from refuse at lower cost than prior art.
(WO200027954-A1)   NOVELTY - Organic substances are first separated by aerobic hydrolysis and dried by air. The remaining carbon-rich residues are then compacted and de-watered to be used as a fuel. The hydrolysis takes place in a reactor (39) with an inlet (58) and an outlet (60). A washing fluid and air flow through the reactor as required.    USE - Process to convert household and commercial refuse into fuel is for combustion.    ADVANTAGE - The processes minimizes the technical complexity of the biological break-down.
(JP2000125853-A)   NOVELTY - An activator for microbial degradation of organic halogen in environmental circumstances contains, as the effective component, at least one compound selected from 5-7C alicyclic alcohols, benzyl alcohols, 5-8C monocarboxylic acids and indane.    USE - The activator is useful for cleaning soil contaminated with organic halogen compounds used in industrial solvents.    ADVANTAGE - The activators enhance the degradation activities of microbial organisms. The process is simple, such as adding the activator to the soil.
(WO200048966-A1)   NOVELTY - Composting organic waste materials utilizing both aerobic and anaerobic processes simultaneously, comprising forming a cavity in a compost heap of aerobic material and filling it with anaerobic and aerobic material, is new.    USE - The method is useful for transforming organic waste materials into high- quality nutrient-rich soil additives and fertilizers, and may be used for a wide range of composting operations from a single compost pile to commercial scale operations, utilizing compost heaps on scheduled decomposition cycles.    ADVANTAGE - The new method is an improved and accelerated way of composting and decomposition of organic waste materials with reduced offensive odors associated with anaerobic decomposition, and without the need for auxiliary control devices. Furthermore, the leachates produced from the process are filtered and absorbed by the surrounding mass, thus avoiding underground water contamination. The method is cost effective, utilizing inoculants such as bacteria and other microbes indigenous to the materials for composting. Extraneous decomposition-enhancing chemicals or bacterial cultures are not required.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for manufacturing organic barnyard manure using sewage and sludge comprises a drying chamber located below a fermentation chamber, is new.    USE - For production of barnyard manure (claimed) for use in farmlands and flower gardens.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus has a reduced treatment time and reduced cost of manufacture. It requires less space and lower cost for establishment, maintenance and management and also prevents secondary contamination of the water supply and the environment from emission of gas.
(WO200102595-A1)      NOVELTY - The production of hydrogen involves treating phototrophic bacteria with fermented liquid (obtained by cultivating micro-alga in photosynthesis product) under light in anaerobic condition in culture tank (1) (transparent tower-type air lift incubation tank).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The production of hydrogen involves cultivating the phototrophic micro-alga under light in aerobic conditions to obtain a product. The micro-alga is again cultivated in the product in dark anaerobic condition to produce fermented liquid. Then phototrophic bacteria is treated with the fermented liquid under light in anaerobic condition in culture tank.    USE -   For the production of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   The process of producing hydrogen in the transparent tower-type air lift culture tank is efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the culture tank. (1) Culture tank; (2) Internal cylinder; (5) Ventilator; (8) Helical flow promoter.    (EP1099762-A1)      NOVELTY - The production of hydrogen involves treating phototrophic bacteria with fermented liquid (obtained by cultivating micro-alga in photosynthesis product) under light in anaerobic condition in culture tank (1) (transparent tower-type air lift incubation tank).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The production of hydrogen involves cultivating the phototrophic micro-alga under light in aerobic conditions to obtain a product. The micro-alga is again cultivated in the product in dark anaerobic condition to produce fermented liquid. Then phototrophic bacteria is treated with the fermented liquid under light in anaerobic condition in culture tank.    USE -   For the production of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   The process of producing hydrogen in the transparent tower-type air lift culture tank is efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model of the culture tank. (1) Culture tank; (2) Internal cylinder; (5) Ventilator; (8) Helical flow promoter.
(JP3153189-B2)   NOVELTY - The refuse matter is dried by hot air. Subsequently, the flammables separated from the refuse matter are solidified by compression molding process. The gas products liberated by the refuse are purified using a dust collector (20). Then, thermolysis deodorization is carried out to promote dioxin decomposition. In order to avoid resynthesis of dioxin, the waste gas is quenched with water before ejection.    USE - In treating general and industrial wastes.    ADVANTAGE - Environmental hazards are mitigated by avoiding resynthesis of dioxin and suppressing dioxin present in dry waste gas. Waste can be beneficially recycled to quench the waste gas, thereby drain system is not required.
(EP1119411-A1)   NOVELTY - A catalyst is prepared by subjecting a slurry to an initial treatment stage, subsequent treatment stage, and calcination. The initial treatment is not continued when the impregnated carrier has a loss of ignition (LOI) less than 1.2 times its loss on ignition at incipient wetness (LOIiw). The slurry comprises porous oxidic catalyst carrier, active catalyst component, and water.    USE - For use as Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to catalyze the Fischer-Tropsch reaction of a synthesis gas, comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, to produce Fischer-Tropsch products.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides efficient drying of the impregnated material during catalyst precursor preparation, and once dried, the excellent properties of the catalyst introduced during drying are maintained until its calcination. The catalyst has excellent Fischer-Tropsch synthesis behavior and has a high activity.
(EP1101522-A1)   NOVELTY - Pressure swing adsorption process involves passing feed gas mixture at super atmospheric pressure through adsorption zone (AZ), depressurizing AZ to produce adsorbable gas-enriched gas stream (AGDS), purging adsorbent in AZ twice with AGDS to produce purge effluents and finally depressurizing AZ.    USE - Used for separating adsorbable gas e.g. carbon monoxide from a gaseous mixture.    ADVANTAGE - The process includes two adsorption steps, several purge steps and two adsorbent regeneration steps which enables separation of adsorbable gas in high yield and high purity.
(JP2000254628-A)   NOVELTY - A rotary paddle has vanes (3,13) fixed to revolving shaft (2) performing right and reverse motions alternately and repeatedly. A specific vane has predetermined shape, such that it extends along the diagonal direction towards the internal surface of decomposition tank, from an orthogonal line at bilateral symmetry.    USE - For decomposition of microorganisms in plastic products, paper products.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents partial damage or bending of vanes, even when their rotation is switched arbitrarily.
(JP2000090949-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell plant has a fuel cell (10) which is provided with an air feed line (12) for passing air to the fuel cell, and an exhaust line (13) by which a gas is output from the fuel cell. There is a compressor (11) which is located in the air feed line to compress the air passed to the fuel cell. An electric motor (16) drives the compressor. An expansion machine (15) is located in the exhaust line so as to be coaxial with the electric motor, and this expands the exhaust gas into the neighborhood of an ambient pressure.    USE - For storage of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The drive force of the motor is not used to drive the expansion machine until the pressure in the exhaust line has reached a specified value.
(US6221117-B1)   NOVELTY - Production of hydrogen containing carbon mono- and dioxide at concentrations below minimum level, includes receiving a reforming feedstock, delivering it to a reforming catalyst bed, passing the reforming product stream to a hydrogen purification module, and passing it through a polishing catalyst bed.    USE - For production of purified hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces purified hydrogen with no additional elements contributing to a loss in fuel cell efficiency.
(EP1124777-A1)   NOVELTY - A tractor-operated apparatus (7) for turning and/or mixing a flat bed compost comprises vertical mixers having an even number of mechanical mixing worms (1, 2).    USE - For repeated turning and/or mixing of shallow flat bed compost, e.g. multi-hectare outdoors-flat bed compost.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus does not require any clear passage for its working, thus the field area can be exploited as thoroughly as possible. As the work is interrupted, the composting mass will not be left with an empty furrow which, e.g. in case of rains, may become drenched and turn into unmanageable mud. The relationship within the input of the apparatus and the mass manageable per unit time is more favorable than the presently available equipment. In cold conditions, the apparatus aerates and mixes the mass to be treated and supplies air within the mass.
(US6174616-B1)   NOVELTY - A flow channel is made in the first flow plate. Fluid is supplied to the flow channel through an opening conducted through the first plate. Adjacent second plate provides surface for the flow path between manifold and an opening. A formation made on the first plate impedes the flow of fluid onto the plate face through the manifold. The formation acts as a structural support for the fuel cell assembly and as a membrane gasket. A second flow path may be provided for humidification of the reactant fluid and include a flow regulator or metering orifice.    USE - For chemical generation of electric energy.    ADVANTAGE - Membrane hydration and fluid metering are improved.
(US6080798-A)   NOVELTY - A closed cell polymer foam is produced by applying an external stress to the polymer-blowing agent solution at a temperature at which the polymer was conditioned with the blowing agent of up to glass transition temperature (Tg) of the neat polymer.    USE - The method is used for the production of closed cell polymer foam. It can also be used to design and produce anisotropic foams, enriching the application of man made foams.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can be used at low and high temperatures and allows for a better control of cell growth. It can be adapted in the existing foaming processes and produces foams which are difficult or impossible to produce by such processes.
(JP3122654-B2)   NOVELTY - Treatment of concentrated waste water involves performing denitrification and dephosphorization of mixed liquid and isolating it into sludge and supernatant liquid.    USE - For purification treatment of high concentration organic industrial waste water or sewage water.    ADVANTAGE - Organic substance, nitrogen and phosphorus are removed effectively and economically, without causing environmental pollution. Avoids inclusion of heavy metals and harmful contaminants in liquid, and also utilizes processed sludge as solid fertilizer.
(WO200051952-A1)   NOVELTY - Cut particles are pulverized and blended with a micro-organism embedded with a fermentation promoter such as organic waste. The mixture is stirred and is held at predetermined temperature for predetermined time to carry out a fermentation process. Then, the macromolecular material such as water free polyethylene are removed from the fermented mixture. The mixture is then converted into a compost.    USE - For disposable diaper waste, for server line in public health sanitation system. For use in agriculture or plant cultivation. For use in potted plants, desert areas, dry zones, rain starved areas for e.g. soil conditioner.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for an incineration process. Shortens fermentation time by dividing fermentation process into pre-fermentation process and natural fermentation process.    (JP2000247768-A)   NOVELTY - Cut particles are pulverized and blended with a micro-organism embedded with a fermentation promoter such as organic waste. The mixture is stirred and is held at predetermined temperature for predetermined time to carry out a fermentation process. Then, the macromolecular material such as water free polyethylene are removed from the fermented mixture. The mixture is then converted into a compost.    USE - For disposable diaper waste, for server line in public health sanitation system. For use in agriculture or plant cultivation. For use in potted plants, desert areas, dry zones, rain starved areas for e.g. soil conditioner.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for an incineration process. Shortens fermentation time by dividing fermentation process into pre-fermentation process and natural fermentation process.
(JP2000149977-A)   NOVELTY - The stack comprises several individual fuel cell units (12) and separators (14,16) stacked alternately. A communication hole (38,40,42,44,46,48) is provided to deliver fluids like fuel gas, oxygen-containing gas and cooling medium to individual cell. An insert member (70) e,g, wedge are located in the communication holes for uniformly delivering fluids to the stack.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces pressure loss in the communication hole. Delivers uniform amount of fluid to each cell unit.
(JP2000197492-A)   NOVELTY - DNA fragment (I) of 5.8 kilo bases (kb) containing a toluene monooxygenase (Tom) gene and 1 BamH1, 2 EcoRI, 1 Hpa1, 1 Kpn1, 1NcoI, 1 NspV, 1 Sac, 2 SmaI, 3 SphI, 2 XhoI, and no ClaI, DraI, EcoRV, HindIII, NdeI, NheI, PvuII, ScaI, See8387I, StuI or XbaI restriction site, and comprising a restriction map given in the specification, is new.    USE - The nucleic acids and hosts are useful for the recombinant production of TOM. The hosts and TOM are useful for degrading a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon compound (e.g. trichloroethylene (TCE) or dichloroethylene (DCE)), or an aromatic compound (e.g. 1 of toluene, benzene, phenol, and cresol), e.g. in environmental remediation.    ADVANTAGE - The TOM has a high efficiency in degrading aromatic and volatile organic chlorinated compounds.
(DE19983564-T)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (93) generates energy by using the reaction product from a modified engine (92) which acts as an internal combustion engine for a modifier and power generation and has a piston and a number of reaction chambers. The internal temperature of the reaction chambers is raised to above the self igniting temperature of material in the atmosphere in the material reaction chambers.    USE - Fuel cell for vehicles.
(US6207312-B1)   NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.    (EP1116297-A1)   NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.
(JP2000139487-A)      NOVELTY - Processing agent is prepared from dried stalk of stevia which is extracted by adding lower alcohols containing 80% or more ethanol, fermented for 18 months in acetic acid and diluted to form a dilute fermentation liquid in which perfect crystals of plutonic rocks such as granite, silicon dioxide and quartz are suspended.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The processing agent is prepared from dried stalk of stevia containing 10-20% of water which is extracted by adding 0.5-2% of lower alcohols containing 80% or more ethanol or by adding water. It is fermented for 18 months in acetic acid to form a fermentation liquid which is diluted by adding water. Perfect crystals of plutonic rocks such as granite, silicon dioxide and 60% or more quartz is suspended at 5-15% weight ratio in the dilute fermentation liquid.    USE -   For processing incineration ashes of industrial wastes.    ADVANTAGE -   The processing agent is easily and economically manufactured in large quantities. Soils contaminated by dioxines present in incineration ashes are made harmless by dispersing the processing agent to sludge. The incineration ashes which are made harmless by the toxic substance processing agent can be utilized in fields, orchard, reclaimed ground, etc.
(JP2000109301-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus comprises fuel gas passage (5) with reformer (6) to generate hydrogen-rich reformate gas. The cathode side (4) has an oxidizing passage (7) formed with air pump (9) supplying the oxidizing air. The flow inlet (8) has pressure sensor (10) and temperature sensor (11) to detect air pressure supplied.    USE - For controlling the supply amount of oxidizing gas to a fuel cell obtaining electric power by electrochemical reaction. For e.g. electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The control apparatus is capable of enhancing the substantial power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and stabilizes the output of the fuel cell.    (JP2000223140-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus comprises fuel gas passage (5) with reformer (6) to generate hydrogen-rich reformate gas. The cathode side (4) has an oxidizing passage (7) formed with air pump (9) supplying the oxidizing air. The flow inlet (8) has pressure sensor (10) and temperature sensor (11) to detect air pressure supplied.    USE - For controlling the supply amount of oxidizing gas to a fuel cell obtaining electric power by electrochemical reaction. For e.g. electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The control apparatus is capable of enhancing the substantial power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and stabilizes the output of the fuel cell.
(WO200020618-A2)   NOVELTY - A process (I) for degrading fermentation residues rich in inorganic substances, is new and comprises fermenting the residues with fungi of the division Eumycota in an aqueous medium under aerobic conditions and recovering the inorganic substances and carbon dioxide.    USE - (I) is useful for recovering inorganic substances, including heavy metals and alkaline earth metal halides (claimed), in pure or concentrated form from residues remaining after fermentative processing of organic wastes, especially methane digester residues.    ADVANTAGE - (I) is environmentally acceptable, cost-effective and simple to carry out.    (EP1129206-A2)   NOVELTY - A process (I) for degrading fermentation residues rich in inorganic substances, is new and comprises fermenting the residues with fungi of the division Eumycota in an aqueous medium under aerobic conditions and recovering the inorganic substances and carbon dioxide.    USE - (I) is useful for recovering inorganic substances, including heavy metals and alkaline earth metal halides (claimed), in pure or concentrated form from residues remaining after fermentative processing of organic wastes, especially methane digester residues.    ADVANTAGE - (I) is environmentally acceptable, cost-effective and simple to carry out.
(EP1114147-A1)   NOVELTY - An Isolated polypeptide (I) comprising 2,6-beta-D-fructan hydrolase (FH) activity, is new.    USE - The new protein is used for the following: (1) to remove microbial biofilm from surfaces, particularly for reduction of biocorrosion, for treatment of dental plaque and for treatment of multiple sclerosis (eliminating biofilm from the lungs); (2) to hydrolyze slime; (3) in detergents; and (4) for production of fructose oligomers from levan or phlein (useful as sweeteners or for conversion to fructose). Nucleic acid that encode (I) are used for recombinant (I) production and as source of probes and primers for identification and cloning of related fructan hydrolases (all claimed).
(US6168705-B1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen stream is purified by introducing a contaminated hydrogen stream to an anode of an electrochemical cell; applying a voltage across a membrane assembly of the cell; oxidizing the hydrogen to form protons which are moved across the membrane to a cathode of the cell; and recombining the protons to form a recombined hydrogen stream.    USE - The invention is used for purifying a hydrogen stream.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an efficient hydrogen purification process that can be readily employed in various systems e.g. a fuel cell. The purifier is simplified, efficient, cost effective and pressurizes hydrogen for commercial use if desired.    (EP1113983-A1)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen stream is purified by introducing a contaminated hydrogen stream to an anode of an electrochemical cell; applying a voltage across a membrane assembly of the cell; oxidizing the hydrogen to form protons which are moved across the membrane to a cathode of the cell; and recombining the protons to form a recombined hydrogen stream.    USE - The invention is used for purifying a hydrogen stream.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an efficient hydrogen purification process that can be readily employed in various systems e.g. a fuel cell. The purifier is simplified, efficient, cost effective and pressurizes hydrogen for commercial use if desired.
(DE19950375-A1)   NOVELTY - Densifying porous structures, such as fiber preforms, by chemical vapor infiltration is performed with vapor containing toluene as a precursor for carbon.    USE - Densification of carbon fiber preforms.    ADVANTAGE - Toluene gives rise to a rough laminar texture over a large area so that deposition rate can be high. The pyrolytic carbon texture is homogeneous throughout the thickness of the deposit.    (FR2784695-A1)   NOVELTY - Densifying porous structures, such as fiber preforms, by chemical vapor infiltration is performed with vapor containing toluene as a precursor for carbon.    USE - Densification of carbon fiber preforms.    ADVANTAGE - Toluene gives rise to a rough laminar texture over a large area so that deposition rate can be high. The pyrolytic carbon texture is homogeneous throughout the thickness of the deposit.    (JP2000143368-A)   NOVELTY - Densifying porous structures, such as fiber preforms, by chemical vapor infiltration is performed with vapor containing toluene as a precursor for carbon.    USE - Densification of carbon fiber preforms.    ADVANTAGE - Toluene gives rise to a rough laminar texture over a large area so that deposition rate can be high. The pyrolytic carbon texture is homogeneous throughout the thickness of the deposit.
(US6149876-A)   NOVELTY - Reclaiming glycol based liquids used in gas dehydration, comprises placing a dual stream valve, with first and second outlets and a device for adjusting the relative flow through them, on the exhaust gas outlet of a thermal oxidizer (12). The first outlet is coupled to the exhaust and the second to a reboiler (18). Exhaust gas flows through the outlet of the thermal oxidizer, and is diverted through the second outlet to provide the heat necessary to operate the reboiler.    USE - For reclaiming glycol based liquids used in gas dehydration, e.g. of natural gas.    ADVANTAGE - Sufficient heat can be drawn from the thermal oxidizer to operate the reboiler.
(US2001002313-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus includes a first manifold (100) with spaced openings (140), a thrust manifold (150) having openings (156), supports (142,144) to hold the thrust manifold relative to the first manifold (100) so that the openings (156) eject fluid perpendicular to openings (140). The manifolds are rotated by filtrate ejected from the thrust manifold openings.    USE - Used to filter dissolved wastes in water, to digest organic wastes or to produce pharmaceuticals.    ADVANTAGE - The manifold design is simple, inexpensive and reliable. The pellets are small to maximize surface area per unit volume while providing adequate mass for buoyancy. The manifolds may be structured for retrofitting in existing bioreactors.
(CN1253044-A)   NOVELTY - Organic refuse treatment tank has deodorizing mechanism which deodorizes exhaust gas by electric heater and catalyst.    USE - For organic refuse treatment.    ADVANTAGE - Apparatus size is reduced as unnecessary tubings are removed. Thermal efficiency of apparatus is improved as waste heat of exhaust gas is used to heat treatment tank. The decomposition of the organic refuse is obtained without microorganism.
(JP2000095502-A)   NOVELTY - In an isothermal reactor, more of the CO is reacted with O2, and less CO is formed in the reverse reaction than in a similarly-sized heat exchanger operating at the same temperature, but without the mixing chamber.    USE - Used for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich fuel stream for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides efficient, multi-stage reactor that periodically homogenizes the gas being treated en route through the reactor to uniformly distributes the CO and O2 in the gas between different reaction stages of the reactor.    (US6132689-A)   NOVELTY - In an isothermal reactor, more of the CO is reacted with O2, and less CO is formed in the reverse reaction than in a similarly-sized heat exchanger operating at the same temperature, but without the mixing chamber.    USE - Used for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich fuel stream for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides efficient, multi-stage reactor that periodically homogenizes the gas being treated en route through the reactor to uniformly distributes the CO and O2 in the gas between different reaction stages of the reactor.
(DE19843696-C2)   NOVELTY - A new composting container (1) has a discharge outlet (2) at the base, which may be opened and closed under remote operation by an overhead control rod (7) mechanism (8).    USE - The container is used for composting (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The container may be raised and moved by crane to any convenient position prior to the release of the composted contents.
(EP1119598-A1)   NOVELTY - Organic material is dried by bringing the total solids content to 30% to permit composting, then processing by batches. Each batch is divided into phases, the first by breaking the cell structure of the organic material by composting and reducing the moisture content to 65-55%; the second by thermal drying using energy external to the batch, preferably produced from composting other batches.    USE - For drying organic material e.g. sludges and other possible support substances for the manufacture of fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple, manageable and environmentally friendly. It can be used to manufacture fuel efficiently and economically from odorous sludges and other organic materials because the free energy of the process itself is used for drying and the end product can replace conventional fuels for existing boilers without any special arrangements.
(EP1130079-A1)   NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon isomerization comprises contacting raw material hydrocarbon containing 10-500 ppm sulfur compound based on sulfur amount by weight, and hydrogen to solid acid catalyst comprising a support including a component consisting of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia, and a sulfuric acid component on the support.    USE - Used in the manufacture of high octane gasoline base materials and chemical raw materials. Isomerization of n-butane gives isobutane used as raw material of methyl-tert. butyl ether and alkylate gasoline, and isomerization of light naphtha gives gasoline base material.    ADVANTAGE - Desulfurization does not need to be carried out to a large extent before the isomerization process. Isomerization is carried out highly efficiently.
(EP1109736-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel processing system (2) for injecting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power plant reformer, includes a fuel atomizer (4) having a small injection tube (6, 8) into which the liquid fuel is introduced along with steam.    USE - For injecting a liquid hydrocarbon fuel into a fuel cell power plant reformer.    ADVANTAGE - The invention limits or eliminates carbon deposition from the vaporization of liquid fuel as it passes into the vaporizer before entering the reformer.
(CN1253046-A)   NOVELTY - The processing apparatus consists of a treatment tank (11) which is enclosed inside a case (10). A fan (60) is provided to the treatment tank for ejecting out exhaust gases. A filter (18) which can be removed from outer side of case is placed in emission path of treatment tank.    USE - For processing organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Filter can be removed from outer side of case, simplifying handling, and scraper is slidably, dust adhering to filter is removed automatically. The shutter acts as a obstacle during closed state, preventing accidental removal of filter. More effective decomposition is enabled with micro-organisms. Filter detection unit prevents draft resistance and improves filter efficiency.
(JP3026206-B2)   NOVELTY - A soil cover material consists of hydrophobic substance. The hydrophobic substance is obtained by adding water to vegetable fiber materials and cereal fiber materials. Moderate caking is formed by limiting solids to 35% by weight in the compound of solids and thermolysis liquid.    USE - In agriculture and for green house.    ADVANTAGE - Thermolysis liquid is hydrophobic substance performs weed control opposing to fruit trees. The covering material is ecofriendly and non-pollutant.
(FR2784094-A1)   NOVELTY - The treatment of biological wastes from livestock rearing units, is new and comprises treating the wastes on-site, and in a separate vessel, with a bacterial product. The liquid and solid phases are then separated and the solid phase is composted.    USE - The method is useful for the treatment of bedding, slurry and urine from livestock rearing units. 4900 m3 of waste from 250 sows can be treated per year, in three cycles of 121 days.    ADVANTAGE - Solid and liquid phases are separated so each can be treated to make useful products for spreading on the land.
(DE19841290-A1)   NOVELTY - An air permeable odor barrier, comprising a bio-filter (1) with a circumference enlarged by decreasing the spacing between the filter top and bottom plates (2, 3), is new.    USE - The device is used for eliminating foul odors from dead vegetable matter, dead animals and microorganisms in biological material transport, storage and processing systems such as waste water piping systems, animal carcass disposal units, covered garbage dumps and composting units.    ADVANTAGE - The barrier allows air passage while considerably reducing emission of odors and pollutants and its circumference can be enlarged to provide a tight seal e.g. in a shaft.
(DE10001032-A1)   NOVELTY - A housing (22) contains two horizontal drums rotated by a hand crank or motor. The outer drum (46) has a hinged flap (68) covering a waste inlet hole (64) aligned with a chute (40), a mesh covered outlet (70) for draining liquid into a tray (42) and a vent (75). On reaching a minimum volume in the outer drum, waste enters the inner drum (54) through one open end wall and discharges through an outlet (80) in the second end wall into a compost finishing drawer (44).    USE - For composting kitchen waste comprising vegetable matter inside the home.    ADVANTAGE - The outer and inner drum configuration provides two stage decomposition, where heavier waste which requires a longer residence time travels slowly through the composter relative to lighter waste which generally requires a shorter residence time. The drums and finishing drawer configuration maximizes the composter capacity while occupying a minimum of space in the kitchen environment.
(US6173602-B1)   NOVELTY - A sensor has a gas sensitive material that exhibits an increase or decrease in an electrical property in the presence of a gas.    USE - As gas sensor in gas or gaseous mixtures.    ADVANTAGE - The device shows a small response to changes in the moisture content of the atmosphere.    (EP1112486-A1)   NOVELTY - A sensor has a gas sensitive material that exhibits an increase or decrease in an electrical property in the presence of a gas.    USE - As gas sensor in gas or gaseous mixtures.    ADVANTAGE - The device shows a small response to changes in the moisture content of the atmosphere.
(ZA9905498-A)   NOVELTY - Solid superacid catalysts in the form of (micro)spheres consist of a mixed sulfated zirconium oxide and at least one other element selected from groups 3 to 15 and the series of lanthanides.    USE - Used for isomerization processes of hydrocarbons, verified by means of the model conversion reaction of n-butane to iso-butane.    (US6180556-B1)   NOVELTY - Solid superacid catalysts in the form of (micro)spheres consist of a mixed sulfated zirconium oxide and at least one other element selected from groups 3 to 15 and the series of lanthanides.    USE - Used for isomerization processes of hydrocarbons, verified by means of the model conversion reaction of n-butane to iso-butane.
(EP1102617-A1)   NOVELTY - A fluid circulator comprises a flexible tube (18) having a honeycomb structure; first apertures; second apertures; a container (10) and flexible strings as supports; a fluid inlet (26); and a fluid outlet (28). The first and second apertures are flow means.    USE - The apparatus is used in the treatment of a liquid containing suspended solids (preferably in water purification) (claimed) or in sewage, mines slimes, brewing waste or animal manure treatment; chemical mixing of liquid, gas or solid chemical(s) into a bulk liquid (claimed); digesting methane (claimed); aquaculture (claimed) as fish hatchery; and in swimming pool filters; cleaning polluted rivers; chemical process plants; froth flotation mineral separation; removing ash together with sulfur and other chemicals from smoke stack effluent; bio-leaching using bacteria to remove minerals from ore bodies and chemical leaching of minerals from ore bodies; and irrigation system to remove seeds and sands and to mix fertilizers and chemicals into the irrigation water.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is easy to install, operate and maintain; needs minimum attention; has no moving parts that can wear out; and requires no energy to run and less addition of chemicals. Also, the apparatus may be varied in size.
(EP1100867-A1)   NOVELTY - Anaerobic digester (2) for treating organic waste materials is housed in a circular greenhouse (1). The digester is located at the center of the greenhouse.    USE - Used for treating organic waste, especially sewage, farm animal waste, household rubbish or food processing waste.    ADVANTAGE - The integral digester and greenhouse optimizes energy efficiency and achieves savings in capital cost compared to prior art digesters. The digester in the greenhouse also serves as a heat storage unit to store heat produced by combined heat and power generator where heat is not required for other applications. The amount of heat and carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere from anaerobic digester is reduced.
(EP1098925-A1)   NOVELTY - Polymer support contains hydroxypoly(2-4C) alkyleneoxy chains that are attached to a cross-linked polymer. Each of the chain contains 2-8 2-24C alkyleneoxy groups. The resulting support has 0.1-5 milliequivalents (meq) free hydroxy groups per gram of polymer.    USE - The support is useful in solid phase organic synthesis (SPOS) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The support has higher functional group loading than that of conventional Tentagel and yet still provides swell in water and alcohol. Also, it does not have unduly slow relaxation times thus allowing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis to be used. Further, the support has a clear spectra and fine resolution.
(US6242119-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a methanol tank (16), water recovery tank (18) for water from the fuel cell (14), a tank (20) for aqueous methanol solution, fed with methanol and water to supply a liquid mixture of methanol and water to the reformer (12). A changeover valve (22) located below the water recovery tank permits the bleeding of all the water from the recovery tank and a water line (62).    USE - Fuel cell for use in car.    ADVANTAGE - Especially suitable for installation in a car, prevents water found in the system from freezing and surplus water is processed easily.
(EP1096959-A1)   NOVELTY - Odor associated with deposits of organic material on carpets or other fibrous material or to the fibers used in its manufacture is controlled by applying a preparation of an activated dormant bacteria. The bacteria is becoming active and digesting the organic material when the dormant bacteria is allowed to become associated with the carpet or other fibrous material.    USE - The invention is used in controlling odor associated with deposits, particularly spills of organic material on carpet for residential and commercial buildings. It is also used in controlling odors in other fibrous materials, such as rugs, upholstery fabrics, automotive fabrics, bedding, clothing, etc. It can be used in controlling odors in hard surfaces, such as ceramics, tile, walls, wood, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The odor control agent applied to the carpet remains effective for extended periods of time even with carpet exposed to high traffic and repeated vacuuming. The presence of the bacterial preparation in association with the carpet fiber and other fibrous material may result in a reduction in the presence of other bacteria and organisms which are naturally found on installed carpet and other fibrous material, both in number and population. It also enhances the anti stain characteristics. The bacteria are capable of becoming active and digesting the organic material.
(JP2000100454-A)   NOVELTY - In the fuel cell stack, the fuel gas passage (6), the oxidizing gas flow passage (7) and the cooling water flow passage (8) are constructed by the combination of a diffuser comprising a conductive porous body or a corrugated plate and an elastic gasket. The number of parts is reduced and operating performance is improved by integrally forming the gasket with the separator.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A cutting operation is not required since the fuel gas passage (6), the oxidizing gas flow passage (7) and the cooling water flow passage (8) are constructed by a combination of a diffuser and an elastic gasket. The number of parts can be reduced. Operating performance is improved, and costs are reduced.
(FR2780721-A1)   NOVELTY - Use of a biodegradable support impregnated with saprophytic bacteria for treating polluted effluents and/or for maintenance of sewage pipe systems.    USE - Especially as bioactive toilet paper.    ADVANTAGE - Supports such as toilet paper impregnated with a selected combination of bacterial strains provide for biodegradation of the support, cleaning and maintenance of sewer pipe systems used to evacuate polluted effluents, and depollution of the polluted waste at effluent treatment sites.
NOVELTY - A mixed microbial population for degrading fecal material selected from animal and human excreta has all characteristics of JSB 98.0 deposited under KCTC 0524BP and comprises Cornybacterium glutamicum HO777, Micrococcus kristinae HO788, Paracoccus denitrificans HO779, Cornybacterium glutamicum HO780 and Bacillus mycoides HO78.    USE - The mixed microbial population is useful for biologically degrading fecal material contained in aqueous medium by degrading the fecal material when brought in contact with the microbial population. The microbial material deodorizes or eliminates the offensive odors contained in the fecal material and places containing the fecal material. The deodorized material is suitable as liquid manure for plants.    ADVANTAGE - The mixed microbial population has powerful ability to degrade and deodorize livestock and poultry waste materials, including human feces.    (EP1124942-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixed microbial population for degrading fecal material selected from animal and human excreta has all characteristics of JSB 98.0 deposited under KCTC 0524BP and comprises Cornybacterium glutamicum HO777, Micrococcus kristinae HO788, Paracoccus denitrificans HO779, Cornybacterium glutamicum HO780 and Bacillus mycoides HO78.    USE - The mixed microbial population is useful for biologically degrading fecal material contained in aqueous medium by degrading the fecal material when brought in contact with the microbial population. The microbial material deodorizes or eliminates the offensive odors contained in the fecal material and places containing the fecal material. The deodorized material is suitable as liquid manure for plants.    ADVANTAGE - The mixed microbial population has powerful ability to degrade and deodorize livestock and poultry waste materials, including human feces.
(JP3118220-B2)      NOVELTY - The supernatant of the organic waste water is contacted with sludge containing humus, for pre-processing, by which the bad odor is removed. After pre-processing the waste water is subjected to biological treatment process and sludge disposal process.    USE -   The method is useful for treating organic waste water.    ADVANTAGE -   The odor of the waste water is effectively removed by the pre-processing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of organic waste water processing.
(EP1115678-A1)   NOVELTY - Composting machine comprises a vessel, a waste inlet, a means for shredding the waste, an agitator having a rotatable vertical tubular shaft and wings, air nozzles, a discharge pipe and means for providing a flow of air from the air nozzles through the vessel and the waste in it to the surroundings through an air outlet.    USE - For decomposition of compostable waste.    ADVANTAGE - The machine renders the decay or decomposition of the composed organic waste more efficient. It avoids clodding of the waste in the vessel and accumulation of material adhering to the agitator and maintains and promotes biological decaying process. The emission of annoying odors from the vessel are also avoided or extensively reduced. There is an automatic intermittent discharge of composed material through the discharge pipe, which was not possible conventionally.
(JP2000053403-A)   NOVELTY - Controller comprises an oxygen supply amount determinator for determining amount of oxygen supplied for partial oxidation reaction and length of time from supply of raw material to occurrence of reforming and partial oxidation reaction and an adjuster adjusts determined amount of oxygen supplied.    USE - A controller for controlling reaction occurring in a reformer for reforming hydrocarbon and reformate fuel into a desired type of fuel with high concentration of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The invention constantly maintains a reformer, that utilizes both a reforming and a partial oxidation reforming reaction, at a temperature required for the reforming reaction.    (US6267792-B1)   NOVELTY - Controller comprises an oxygen supply amount determinator for determining amount of oxygen supplied for partial oxidation reaction and length of time from supply of raw material to occurrence of reforming and partial oxidation reaction and an adjuster adjusts determined amount of oxygen supplied.    USE - A controller for controlling reaction occurring in a reformer for reforming hydrocarbon and reformate fuel into a desired type of fuel with high concentration of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The invention constantly maintains a reformer, that utilizes both a reforming and a partial oxidation reforming reaction, at a temperature required for the reforming reaction.
(JP2000058091-A)   NOVELTY - A return line (61) for returning waste gas (60', 70') to the feed site is located between the feed site (5) and the post-combustion chamber (6). The feed site has a spray for injecting a liquid fuel.    USE - For reforming fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - Heat released absorbed during reforming is utilized.    (CN1244048-A)   NOVELTY - A return line (61) for returning waste gas (60', 70') to the feed site is located between the feed site (5) and the post-combustion chamber (6). The feed site has a spray for injecting a liquid fuel.    USE - For reforming fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - Heat released absorbed during reforming is utilized.
(JP2000044204-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus comprises a reaction segment having a catalyst layer for oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO), means for cooling the catalyst layer on an upstream side and means for heating the catalyst layer on a downstream side.    USE - The apparatus is used for purifying hydrogen for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst can exert sufficient effect to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration stably and constantly even when the use conditions of the apparatus are varied.    (CN1243096-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus comprises a reaction segment having a catalyst layer for oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO), means for cooling the catalyst layer on an upstream side and means for heating the catalyst layer on a downstream side.    USE - The apparatus is used for purifying hydrogen for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst can exert sufficient effect to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration stably and constantly even when the use conditions of the apparatus are varied.    (JP2000288354-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus comprises a reaction segment having a catalyst layer for oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO), means for cooling the catalyst layer on an upstream side and means for heating the catalyst layer on a downstream side.    USE - The apparatus is used for purifying hydrogen for use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst can exert sufficient effect to reduce the carbon monoxide concentration stably and constantly even when the use conditions of the apparatus are varied.
(EP1089825-A1)   NOVELTY - Improving the liquid droplets spraying from a spray device onto a surface by imparting a unipolar charge to the droplets by double layer charging during spraying. The charge level gives the droplets specified charge to mass ratio.    USE - As disinfectants, paints, antiperspirants, deodorants and insecticides in industrial, institutional and domestic situations. The surface to be treated may be a sink, shower, toilet, wash basin, chair leg, handle of door, cupboard or refrigerator or part of the human body or plant.    ADVANTAGE - The droplets target (partly) obscured surfaces. The spray device is self-contained and the operation is more manageable by eliminating difficult to access bacteria on the substrate. No coalescence of the droplets occurs and a more even coverage of the surface is achieved.
(JP3081183-B2)      NOVELTY - A fermenter comprises an outer member (2) as a container for receiving shellfish sludge splinters formed from shellfish sludge collected from seawater mixed with fermentation fungi, a closing door (15) formed on the outer member, inlet/outlet openings (9) used for exchanging gas generated in the container and external gas and gap forming units for generating multiple gaps between the shellfish sludge splinters.    USE -   The fermenter is used for producing fertiliser by fermenting shellfish sludges attached to quay walls for a seawater intake, where the seawater is used as e.g. cooling water in a power plant.    ADVANTAGE -   Processing of the sludges may be performed efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fermenter. (1) Fermenter; (2) Outer member; (3) Gap forming unit; (9) Inlet and exhaust port; (15) Closing door.
(JP2000053402-A)   NOVELTY - A thermally integrated fuel processor including a reformer for the two stage conversion of methanol to hydrogen rich fuel comprises a housing, a fan, water and methanol inlets, a heater, two reactors and a shunt.    USE - The processor is used for producing hydrogen rich fuel gas for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The processor is thermally integrated and the hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water and methanol mixture is an excellent heat transfer agent    (US6238815-B1)   NOVELTY - A thermally integrated fuel processor including a reformer for the two stage conversion of methanol to hydrogen rich fuel comprises a housing, a fan, water and methanol inlets, a heater, two reactors and a shunt.    USE - The processor is used for producing hydrogen rich fuel gas for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The processor is thermally integrated and the hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water and methanol mixture is an excellent heat transfer agent
(JP3143872-B2)      NOVELTY -Fertilizer composition for agriculture and horticulture contains extract of photosynthesis prokaryotic microbe. The microbe extract is inherently heat treated.    USE -   For agriculture and horticulture.    ADVANTAGE -   The microbe extract provides various vegetation at various time effectively. The microbe extract can also be used in hydrophonics.
(JP2000053969-A)      NOVELTY - A deflation chamber (23A) is connected to attraction blower and a cyclone separator (33). The combusted gas exhausted from the blower is supplied to an oil burner (46).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Carbonization reactor (20) comprises distribution chamber (21), coke oven (23), refinement chamber (25) (with oil burner (46) and blower (B1)), emission chamber (27) and are arranged sequentially. The coke oven chamber is partitioned from the distribution chamber by floor plate (21A). The carbonization pipe is present in the opening of distribution chamber floor plate. The partition of a deflation chamber and lower portion of coke oven chamber is performed by supporting plate (24). High temperature gas is supplied through the carbonization pipe in the lower portion of a reactor.    USE -   For steam baking of organic substances such as wood piece, plastic piece, flammable waste and hen droppings.    ADVANTAGE -   Steaming and carbonization can be performed effectively and a supply can be adjusted during the combustion process. The amount of charcoal produced is enhanced. The volatile matter of charcoal is burnt with minimum air supply and the process of combustion is performed in a simple and economical way. Pressure built up in the refiner chamber is prevented inhibiting explosive accident.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the principal parts of the carbonization apparatus. (20) Carbonization reactor; (21) Distribution chamber; (21A) Floor plate; (23) Coke oven; (23A) Deflation chamber; (24) Supporting plate; (25) Refinement chamber; (27) Emission chamber; (33) Cyclone separator; (46) Oil burner; (B1) Oil burner blower.
(US6121038-A)   NOVELTY - Preemptive bioremediation of oil spills comprises providing a timed and/or controlled release microorganism product which contains catalytic ingredients.    USE - The process is for preemptive bioremediation of oil spills and discharge of petroleum based products. It is used for both installing such product, e.g. capsule, coated pellet or pod, into a body of petroleum at the wellhead source, in a pipeline or storage tank, during the process of bringing the petroleum from its source to market, before a spill occurs, and recovering the product if the spill does not occur.    ADVANTAGE - The aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation of the petroleum product spill or discharge is improved. The method is efficient and economical.    (EP1088109-A1)   NOVELTY - Preemptive bioremediation of oil spills comprises providing a timed and/or controlled release microorganism product which contains catalytic ingredients.    USE - The process is for preemptive bioremediation of oil spills and discharge of petroleum based products. It is used for both installing such product, e.g. capsule, coated pellet or pod, into a body of petroleum at the wellhead source, in a pipeline or storage tank, during the process of bringing the petroleum from its source to market, before a spill occurs, and recovering the product if the spill does not occur.    ADVANTAGE - The aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation of the petroleum product spill or discharge is improved. The method is efficient and economical.
(WO200007946-A1)   NOVELTY - Method of liquefying microorganisms in a slurry of waste activated sludge which contains volatile solids in biological wastewater treatment plant, by passing slurry through nozzle of restricted flow area at pressure in excess of 12,000psi to cause liquefaction of microorganisms as they are discharged from nozzle. The method increases the biodegradation rate of volatile solids by at least 200%, preferably 300%.    USE - Lyzing microorganisms in waste activated sludge for further digestion.    ADVANTAGE - Biodegradation of the microorganisms is increased by 200%, reducing disposal costs.    (EP1102726-A1)   NOVELTY - Method of liquefying microorganisms in a slurry of waste activated sludge which contains volatile solids in biological wastewater treatment plant, by passing slurry through nozzle of restricted flow area at pressure in excess of 12,000psi to cause liquefaction of microorganisms as they are discharged from nozzle. The method increases the biodegradation rate of volatile solids by at least 200%, preferably 300%.    USE - Lyzing microorganisms in waste activated sludge for further digestion.    ADVANTAGE - Biodegradation of the microorganisms is increased by 200%, reducing disposal costs.
NOVELTY - Continuous process for branching and foaming polypropylene resin in an extruder comprises heating a mixture of polypropylene resin and a peroxide at a temperature higher than that for decomposition of peroxide to obtain a melt, adding a foaming agent to the melt and extruding the melt through a die into an ambient atmosphere.    USE - The branched and foamed polypropylene resins obtained by the process are used in manufacturing articles by injection molding, extrusion coating, pipe extrusion, thermoforming, blow molding, calendering and fibre spinning (claimed). The foamed resin are also used to manufacture monolayer or multilayer sheets, profiles, tubes, lamination and other shapes.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple, continuous and commercially applicable. The foam density and average bubble size can be varied by selecting appropriate processing parameters.
(JP2000030730-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (1) has several passages (12a) for carrying a fluid in a stack (12) formed from several unit cells (10). The connection of the passages is changed according to the operating condition of the fuel cell. If the passage connection is changed, the fluid flow in the passages and the passage resistance in the stack changes so that optimal performance of the fuel cell can be achieved. The fluid may be a reaction gas or a coolant. A second set of passages may also be used.    USE - To generate electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Optimises performance in accordance with operating condition of the fuel cell.    (US6277511-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (1) has several passages (12a) for carrying a fluid in a stack (12) formed from several unit cells (10). The connection of the passages is changed according to the operating condition of the fuel cell. If the passage connection is changed, the fluid flow in the passages and the passage resistance in the stack changes so that optimal performance of the fuel cell can be achieved. The fluid may be a reaction gas or a coolant. A second set of passages may also be used.    USE - To generate electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Optimises performance in accordance with operating condition of the fuel cell.
(JP2000082482-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell is made up of a number of unit cells (20) in a stack. Each unit cell comprises an electrolyte membrane (31), an anode (32), a cathode and a separator (30). The separator is formed by a gas-impermeable electrically conductive member with six holes (40,41,42,50,51,52) and recesses (90). When stacked the recesses from in-cell gas passages with adjacent gas diffusion electrodes.    USE - Separator for unit cells in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents unequal gas flow rates in unit cells.
(EP1087918-A1)   NOVELTY - Compost starter contains an oil, e.g. rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soya oil etc., acetate, e.g. of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) or manganese (Mn) and/or chelate, e.g. of Fe, Cu, Zn or Mn mixed with an emulsifier and is sprayed onto the compostable or odor-forming material.    USE - The material is useful for neutralizing odors from sewage sludge and compost and as compost starter. It is used as for treating soil and plants and as fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The odor-binding effect is immediate and lasts for weeks. The material also accelerates composting and reduces the composting temperature by 10-15 degreesC. The compost heap does not dry out and the compost yield is of higher quality.
(EP1056691-A1)   NOVELTY - A sterile and particle free permeate stream is separated by ultrafiltration from a biogas reactor (16) in which anaerobic fermentation of liquid waste takes place. The permeate stream is treated in an ammonia stripper at an elevated temperature to result in an ammonia fraction and nutrient salt fraction.    USE - For treating liquid organic waste particularly liquid manure from intensive production of pigs. The liquid waste includes waste water from households, industry or agriculture, including sewage from institution such as hospitals.    ADVANTAGE - By using the liquid waste treatment method advantageous results are obtained and methane enriched gas is produced.    (CN1284938-A)   NOVELTY - A sterile and particle free permeate stream is separated by ultrafiltration from a biogas reactor (16) in which anaerobic fermentation of liquid waste takes place. The permeate stream is treated in an ammonia stripper at an elevated temperature to result in an ammonia fraction and nutrient salt fraction.    USE - For treating liquid organic waste particularly liquid manure from intensive production of pigs. The liquid waste includes waste water from households, industry or agriculture, including sewage from institution such as hospitals.    ADVANTAGE - By using the liquid waste treatment method advantageous results are obtained and methane enriched gas is produced.
(WO200011114-A1)   NOVELTY - The treatment method uses a single cylindrical rotary kiln (1) which is divided into two reaction zones by an annular refractory weir (14). The organic material (12) is first fed into a drying and volatilization zone (13) at 500-600 deg.C, and then passes over the weir into a reforming zone (15) which operates at 600-1000 deg.C. Hot process gas from the first zone is reformed in the second zone, in contact with the hot solids, to form a mixture of synthesis gas and hydrocarbons. The hot gases and solids leave from the outlet end (16) of the kiln.    USE - For pyrolysis and gasification of organic materials, especially wastes.    ADVANTAGE - Environmentally safe, efficient and versatile process for pyrolysis and/or gasification. Can process either primary or secondary (recycled) materials, including petrochemical, polymer or plastics wastes, non-metallic scrap, municipal waste, cellulose-based materials, waste oils and solvents. Can handle materials in solid, liquid or sludge form.
(EP1084343-A1)   NOVELTY - A pump (4) maintains a precise flow of fluid to a chemical or biochemical reactor in which two or more reactants are brought together under specified physical conditions of temperature and pressure.    USE - Piston-operated pump maintaining a precise flow of a reactant to a chemical or biochemical reactor, and is also suitable for use especially as part of a fuel injection assembly in lieu of rotary pumps.    ADVANTAGE - The pump is capable of delivering a large volume of fluid of precisely determined quantity, and achieves similar accuracy to impeller pumps.
(US6083738-A)   NOVELTY - The decontamination process is carried out by preparing an inoculant of anaerobic and aerobic microbes, mixing with contaminated soil to form a solid compost mixture. The mixture is composted with an initial redox potential level of negative 200 mV and later with a positive level of 100 mV.    USE - For decontaminating PCB contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE - Two stages of composting using separated microbe inoculants or slurry environment is not required and the decomposition process takes less time. Partial or complete remediation can be achieved.    (EP1079946-A1)   NOVELTY - The decontamination process is carried out by preparing an inoculant of anaerobic and aerobic microbes, mixing with contaminated soil to form a solid compost mixture. The mixture is composted with an initial redox potential level of negative 200 mV and later with a positive level of 100 mV.    USE - For decontaminating PCB contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE - Two stages of composting using separated microbe inoculants or slurry environment is not required and the decomposition process takes less time. Partial or complete remediation can be achieved.
(US6033899-A)   NOVELTY - Soil containing pentachlorophenol contaminants is decontaminated into harmless material by microbes viable under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.    USE - The decontaminating method is useful for degrading contaminants such as pentachlorophenol in soil.    ADVANTAGE - The microbes are viable throughout the anaerobic-aerobic treatment cycles and hence repeated supplementation of microbes is not required.    (EP1079945-A1)   NOVELTY - Soil containing pentachlorophenol contaminants is decontaminated into harmless material by microbes viable under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.    USE - The decontaminating method is useful for degrading contaminants such as pentachlorophenol in soil.    ADVANTAGE - The microbes are viable throughout the anaerobic-aerobic treatment cycles and hence repeated supplementation of microbes is not required.
(EP1079944-A1)   NOVELTY - An inoculant of viable anaerobic and aerobic microbes is prepared and mixed with soil contaminated with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and which is mixed with the amendment material to form a compost mixture. The compost mixture is composted at 20-25 degreesC and at -200 mV and then oxygenated to raise the redox potential to 100 mV which is maintained until a significant amount of contaminant is degraded.    USE - To decontaminate the soil containing HCB.    ADVANTAGE - The process is capable of decontaminating the soil to whatever extent desired, either partial or complete remediation.
(EP1082773-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system comprises a reformer unit (18) for generating hydrogen from an energy carrier, especially a liquid material (28), under supply of air for operating a coupled fuel cell unit (10). An oxidation arrangement (34) is arranged between reformer unit and fuel cell unit for converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. The reformer unit and the fuel cell unit are associated with a two-stage compressor (49) for air.    USE - For drive system of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables cost-effective and environmentally friendly application for producing electric energy with high degree of efficiency and small installation space.
(EP1089806-A1)   NOVELTY - Inorganic microporous hydrophobic membrane is produced by hydrolyzing a metal alkoxide with a hydrocarbyl metal alkoxide having at least one non-hydrolyzable group in an organic solvent to produce a metal (hydr)oxide sol. The metal (hydr)oxide is precipitated and dried. At least 75% of hydrocarbyl metal is introduced into the solvent after hydrolyzing at least 20% of the metal alkoxide.    USE - The invention is used for producing an inorganic microporous hydrophobic membrane which is useful in separating components from mixtures containing them.(claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an improved method which results in (un)supported hydrophobic membranes having pores sizes in the subnanometer range, and having permeances for small molecules e.g. hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, and methane; and having good separation factors for these gases with respect to large alkanes e.g. propane and butane, and for compounds e.g. sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
(WO200012932-A2)   NOVELTY - Reformer (50) provides reformat directly to a furnace (20) for providing heat and to a fuel cell assembly (40) for supplying electrical power. Controller (80) distributes the reformat to the furnace and to the fuel cell assembly in response to the heat and electrical power needs of the building. Heat exchanger (24) is provided in the fuel cell assembly for extracting heat from the reformat.    USE - For supplying heat, hot water, electrical power to residential and commercial building.    ADVANTAGE - Provides adequate supplies of heat and electrical power to building efficiently by the operation of a controller and multiple sensors and valves are readily installed in a building and operated using readily available fuel e.g. natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, propane for providing heat, hot water and electrical power to the building.
(JP3143091-B2)      NOVELTY - Mulberry trees in abandoned mulberry field are cut and the roots are extracted. 5-10 kg of lime powder, 10- 15 kg of composed materials and 7-15 kg of mature compost are dispersed in the field and ploughed. After the cultivation, the seedlings are transplanted.    USE -   The method is used for converting abandoned mulberry field into cultivation farmland.    ADVANTAGE -   The abandoned mulberry field can be converted into cultivation farmland easily.
(WO9964539-A1)   NOVELTY - The interface has at least two means of introducing the waste, comprising introduction channels (72, 74) connected to first and second inlets into the cavity. It also includes a press (79, 81) to compact the waste and push it into the two introduction channels, and means of controlling the compaction and loading process whilst maintaining the integrity of the cavity (no air ingress)    USE - For burning urban and/or industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - Better control of pollutants from such waste.    (EP1093506-A1)   NOVELTY - The interface has at least two means of introducing the waste, comprising introduction channels (72, 74) connected to first and second inlets into the cavity. It also includes a press (79, 81) to compact the waste and push it into the two introduction channels, and means of controlling the compaction and loading process whilst maintaining the integrity of the cavity (no air ingress)    USE - For burning urban and/or industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - Better control of pollutants from such waste.
(WO9960647-A1)   NOVELTY - A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit (34) of a fuel cell system.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical energy can be economically and environmentally produced.    (EP1082774-A1)   NOVELTY - A water-spraying unit (26) is provided in an oxidizing unit (34) of a fuel cell system.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Electrical energy can be economically and environmentally produced.
(JP2000001311-A)   NOVELTY - Artificial zeolites are produced by heat treating an inorganic component containing silicic acid and aluminum in the presence of water and an alkali.    USE - For the preparation of zeolites for use as catalysts.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost zeolites of uniform quality may be obtained from low-cost waste materials.    (CN1239074-A)   NOVELTY - Artificial zeolites are produced by heat treating an inorganic component containing silicic acid and aluminum in the presence of water and an alkali.    USE - For the preparation of zeolites for use as catalysts.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost zeolites of uniform quality may be obtained from low-cost waste materials.    (JP2000159517-A)   NOVELTY - Artificial zeolites are produced by heat treating an inorganic component containing silicic acid and aluminum in the presence of water and an alkali.    USE - For the preparation of zeolites for use as catalysts.    ADVANTAGE - Low-cost zeolites of uniform quality may be obtained from low-cost waste materials.
(US6224756-B1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for treating organic raw water utilizing anaerobic microorganisms comprises casing and carrier assembly assembled by piling plural carrier discs of porous polyethylene for rooting anaerobic microorganisms in the space between two discs.    USE - The apparatus is useful for treating raw water containing organic matter or the like e.g. living drainage or factory drainage, by utilizing anaerobic microorganisms.    ADVANTAGE - The microorganisms are not carried out by flowing water and can treat effectively. The raw water is promoted to a turbulent flow via mutual flowing passages of carrier discs and this makes contact with microorganisms easier and increases treating efficiency.
NOVELTY - A solid organic fertilizer is manufactured by fermenting pressed sugarcane waste and distilled alcohol lees in a ratio of 1:1-1:4, with seeded microorganism.    USE - As fertilizer for improving soil fertility.    ADVANTAGE - The process effectively decompose solid organic waste by microbial activity and produces fertilizer which improves soil fertility. The fertilizer has excellent porosity. The process is simple and economical. An inexpensive and safe solid organic fertilizer is obtained.
NOVELTY - The method involves a fuel cell (1) which has a reformer (16) connected before it. Water and combustion gas are fed into the reformer, to produce hydrogen that is brought into reaction with air in the fuel cell. The delivery of inert water into the reformer is varied to control the temperature of the fuel cell. The water delivery can be regulated according to the reaction temperature in the fuel cell.    USE - For controlling the reaction temperature of a fuel cell with a reformer connected before it.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes disadvantages of conventional methods to enable a high degree of utilization of the fuel cell's exhaust gas thermal energy.
(EP1084207-A1)   NOVELTY - A refrigerant mixture for a mixing-throttle process contains 0.06-0.20 mol/mol propane, 0.26-0.36 mol/mol nitrogen and 0.20-0.38 mol/mol methane, the remainder being ethane.    USE - In a process for generating low temperatures in the range 90-110 degreesK, in which the refrigerant mixture is (a) compressed with an oil-lubricated compressor, (b) cooled to ambient temperature, (c) separated from the oil and then (d) transferred to a Joule-Thomson heat exchanger; in this process, the refrigerant is cooled further between stages (b) and (c) and/or between (c) and (d), preferably by removing mainly liquid oil components after stage (b) and then removing oil vapor (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - This mixture meets the requirements for temperature distribution and gives a favorable temperature difference, i.e. a relatively uniform and relatively low temperature difference in the heat exchanger. This results in increased efficiency in the refrigerating system and a reduced risk of mixture components freezing out at low temperature in the cold part of the system.
(FR2778725-A1)   NOVELTY - The anaerobic sludge digester is covered by a double-skinned cover (14). The inner skin of the cover (15) extends beneath the surface of the liquid (7). It is attached to the vessel walls (12) by stainless steel plates or a metallic ring.    USE - For the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludges, animal slurries, or domestic or industrial effluents.    ADVANTAGE - The inner skin of the vessel cover is the only part in contact with the corrosive biogases produced during anaerobic fermentations, and therefore, the only part which needs to be resistant to them.    (EP1080043-A1)   NOVELTY - The anaerobic sludge digester is covered by a double-skinned cover (14). The inner skin of the cover (15) extends beneath the surface of the liquid (7). It is attached to the vessel walls (12) by stainless steel plates or a metallic ring.    USE - For the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludges, animal slurries, or domestic or industrial effluents.    ADVANTAGE - The inner skin of the vessel cover is the only part in contact with the corrosive biogases produced during anaerobic fermentations, and therefore, the only part which needs to be resistant to them.
(JP2955551-B1)      NOVELTY - By contact of scum emission screw to the scum emission unit, the scum is ejected via the aperture of the lower side of the decomposition tank. Another driving unit performs rotation drive of the scum emission screw.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oil component in melting plastics provided in a decomposition tank, is evaporated by heating along the peripheral sides of the tank. A stirring blade of inclined wall surface shape is arranged in a stir unit which promotes temperature distribution of melting plastics. A driving unit performs rotation drive of the stirring blade. A bearing supports the conduction shaft which transmits driving force of the driving unit to the stirring blade.    USE -   For continuous processing of waste plastics for oil component recovery of chloroethylene, scum emission, etc..    ADVANTAGE -   The scum adhered to the inner wall of the decomposition tank or the stirring blade is removed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of waste plastics continuous processing apparatus.
(JP11347301-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves using distillation column system containing two distillation columns.    USE - Used in to separate multi-component mixtures containing three or more components into product streams each enriched in one of the components.    ADVANTAGE - Provides more efficient separation by reducing the heat requirement of the distillation columns within the distillation scheme.    (US6106674-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves using distillation column system containing two distillation columns.    USE - Used in to separate multi-component mixtures containing three or more components into product streams each enriched in one of the components.    ADVANTAGE - Provides more efficient separation by reducing the heat requirement of the distillation columns within the distillation scheme.    (JP3178675-B2)   NOVELTY - The method involves using distillation column system containing two distillation columns.    USE - Used in to separate multi-component mixtures containing three or more components into product streams each enriched in one of the components.    ADVANTAGE - Provides more efficient separation by reducing the heat requirement of the distillation columns within the distillation scheme.
(DE10037907-A1)   NOVELTY - The wall elements (2) of the unit are provided with inwardly projecting shoulders (15) on their top horizontal edge (14) so that the top filler opening has a smaller cross section than the base area of the unit.    USE - In particular, for composting organic kitchen and garden waste.    ADVANTAGE - The constituent parts of the composting unit can be easily transported and assembled. The unit in an assembled state but without a lid has an increased stiffness, in particular, in the vicinity of the filler opening on top.