NOVELTY - Bonding a separator and an electrode involves using an adhesive which is insoluble in an electrolyte. The separator is made from a matrix material different from one that is used for the electrode.    USE - In batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables different types of separators to be used in combination with different anode and cathode materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a battery comprising, one or more layers of a current collector, an anode, a separator, a cathode, a current collector and an electrolyte. The anode, the separator and the cathode are bonded by the adhesive which is insoluble in the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - An inorganic oxide metallic thin film (2) is laminated on resin film (4) containing metal alkoxide compound and/or its hydrolysis substance as principal component. Coating films (1,3) consisting of fluorine group resin are sequentially laminated on the metallic film.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents penetration of water, oxygen by coating with fluorine group resin films, hence light resistance, heat resistance properties are improved, thereby performance degradation is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sketchy sectional view of outline of lamination of surface protection sheet.    Coating films (1,3)    Inorganic oxide metallic thin film (2)    Resin film (4)
NOVELTY - A resin film (4) has an inorganic oxide metallizing thin film (2) on which a coating film (3) having composition of metal alkoxide compound and/or its hydrolysis substance is laminated. A transparent fluorine group resin sheet (1) formed on coating film consists of copolymer of tetra fluoroethylene and ethylene or fluoride vinyl group resin and its visualization light transmittance is 90% or more.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Damp proofing of fluorine group resin sheet which prevents penetration of wafer component, oxygen is raised remarkably. Excels in light resistance, heat resistant, water resistance and dirt resistant degree hence long performance degradation is suppressed to minimum extent and provides inexpensive and safe surface protection sheet for solar battery module.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view explaining the outline of surface protection sheet lamination for solar battery module.    Resin sheet (1)    Inorganic oxide metallizing thin film (2)    Coating film (3)    Resin film (4)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte formed by mixing a polymerisable gelatinizer, ferric metallic salt, polymerization initiator and a non-aqueous solvent, is coated at one side of either anode (1) or cathode (2). The electrodes are laminated on a board, such that both the electrodes are separated by the electrolyte coating. The electrolyte stored in a supply tank is maintained at less than 15 degreesC.    USE - For secondary battery used in portable electronic machines such as personal computer, word processor.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to form electrolyte film uniformly. Improves rate property and cycle property of battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thermal polymerization of the polymerisable gelatinizer is carried out.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of secondary battery manufacturing apparatus.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)
NOVELTY - The support body material for a solid electrolyte film comprises perfluoro carbon polymer threads and has a surface water contact angle of 0-90 degrees C.    USE - As a support for solid electrolyte films used in solid polymeric type fuel batteries and for water electrolysis, salt electrolysis and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte film support body has desired hydrophilicity with a water contact angle on a support surface as 0-90 degrees (0 degrees-hydrophilic, 90 degrees-hydrophobic). A copolymer laminated film reinforces the support web giving it the required mechanical strength while reducing its resistance sharply.
NOVELTY - A first solid polymer layer is made by placing a moving substrate into a vacuum chamber; degassing a first liquid material from oligomer, resin, oligomer plus monomer, and/or resin plus monomer; depositing a first thin layer of degassed liquid material to the substrate within the chamber, and curing the first thin layer.    USE - For making a first solid polymer layer useful for making multilayer laminate structures.    ADVANTAGE - The method achieves faster curing, fewer impurities in the polymer, and uses less to no photoinitiator for curing. It also results in improved material properties, e.g. no trapped gas, resulting in greater density and reduced material wetting angle that facilitates spreading of material and provides smoother finished surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (i) a method of making a lithium polymer battery comprising (a) depositing a thin layer of liquid cathode material to a moving substrate, (b) curing the cathode material, (c) depositing and curing a thin layer of electrolyte material to the cathode, (d) degassing the liquid cathode and electrolyte materials, and (e) performing (a), (b), and (c), in a vacuum chamber; (ii) a battery formed using the above mentioned process; (iii) an apparatus for making a solid polymer layer comprising a moving substrate, a mechanism for creating vacuum about the substrate, a device for degassing a liquid material, and a mechanism for depositing a first thin layer of the degassed liquid material to the substrate; and (iv) a polymer/non-polymer laminate structure.
NOVELTY - An oxygen pole and a fuel electrode are formed on either surfaces of a polymer film. A pipe (L) is arranged, through which water is circulated for wetting the polymer film. An impure ion removal unit (P) removes impure ions contained in the circulating water.    USE - Fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Absence of impure ion reduces reduction in generation rate of electricity. Removing of impure ion is done by impure ion removal unit, simply. Manufacturing cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery.    Pipe (L)    Impure ion removal unit (P)
NOVELTY - A humidification element has a porous material having a continuous blow hole. The blow hole rate and water droplet absorption time of porous material are 30-80% and less than 30 seconds, respectively. The sucking height of water of the porous material is more than 5 mm in one minute.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The humidification element has excellent rigidity. The manufacturing apparatus is compact since use of special vibrator is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) humidification apparatus; and (ii) manufacture of humidification element. A sintering material made of a resin, metal or ceramic particles having mean particle diameter of 5-2000 micron is manufactured leaving hole between particles.
NOVELTY - Positive electrode with aluminum foil and anode mix layer, and negative electrode are laminated via polymer electrolyte. Back-up plates (7) are connected to lead terminals (1c) of electrode. The back-up plate has double the thickness of lead terminal.    USE - For use as power supply of portable equipment such as personal computer, portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Laminate type polymer electrolyte battery with high reliability is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of polymer electrolyte battery.    Lead terminals (1c)    Back-up plate (7)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas and electrolyte with oxidizing agent gas are respectively supplied to an anode lateral electrode and a cathode lateral electrode, respectively. By thermolysis reaction, hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form a carbon compound. Carbon compound isolator (18) is provided to isolate carbon compound and carbon compound is sent to a combustor as a fuel for heat sources.    USE - Used in vehicles for providing fuel using hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - By using carbon compound for heat generation, the fuel used as a heat source in combustor is reduced which enables to reduce the size of the whole battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the vehicle mounted fuel battery system.    Carbon compound isolator (18)
NOVELTY - An opto-electric conversion element has a conductive support, a pigment-adsorbed semiconductor particles-containing layer provided on the conductive support, a charge-transfer layer, and a counter electrode. Pigment sensitization is applied to the opto-electric conversion element.    USE - The opto-electric conversion element is used in the photo-electro-chemical battery.    ADVANTAGE - The opto-electric conversion element and the photo-electro-chemical battery have superior opto-electric conversion characteristics and less electrolytic solution leakage, and less aged deterioration caused by the electrolytic solution leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The charge-transfer layer contains a gel electrolyte. The gel electrolyte contains a product obtained by reacting a polymer having a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxyl group with a compound having at least two or more isocyanato group.
NOVELTY - A secondary battery using a nonaqueous electrolytic solution has positive electrodes, negative electrodes.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The secondary battery is available at lower costs, and has good cycling characteristics, particularly at high temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive electrode uses a lithium manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure of Li1+xMn2-xO4 (x = greater than 0) as its positive electrode active material. The lithium manganese composite oxide is bonded by a positive electrode binder. The negative electrode uses a carbon material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium as its negative electrode active material. The carbon material is bonded by a negative electrode binder. The capacity ratio (saturated capacity of negative electrode/saturated capacity of positive electrode) is 0.8 or more to less than 1.0.
NOVELTY - A battery has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a polymer electrolyte.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in the battery. The method produces the battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the polymer base material provides the polymer electrolyte with high ion conductivity and chemical stability. The resulting polymer electrolyte sufficiently retains a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Resistance is reduced at interfaces where the positive electrode and the negative electrode come into contact with the polymer electrolyte. The resulting battery has enhanced charge discharge cycling characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte uses a polymer base material containing a copolymer of an ethylene glycol methacrylate compound of formula (I) and an alkyl methacrylate of formula (II).    n = integer of 1 or higher;    R1 = H or 1C or more-alkyl;    R2 = 4C or more-alkyl.
NOVELTY - A solid polyelectrolyte film consists of a principal chain formed of a copolymer of a fluorocarbon-based vinyl monomer and a hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer, and a hydrocarbon-based side chain having a sulfonic acid group.    USE - The solid polyelectrolyte film is used in the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polyelectrolyte film is prevented from oxidation caused by heat and has superior heat resistance and durability. The resulting fuel cell has superior durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrocarbon-based side chain contains at least one of an amine-based antioxidant and a phenol-based antioxidant.
NOVELTY - A composition contains the following: (a) a compound capable of crosslinking and having an ether bond and a functional group capable of crosslinking; (b) a high-molecular compound; and (c) an electrolyte.    USE - The composition is used in the electrolyte. The method produces the electrolyte used in the battery.    ADVANTAGE - Polymerizing the composition easily yields the electrolyte having high film deposition, and high ion conductivity. The electrolyte retains the high-molecular compound and the electrolytic salt between its three-dimensional network structure. The result increases ion conductivity with high film deposition and high film strength retaining. The battery has high film deposition, high film strength, and high ion conductivity.
NOVELTY - The fluoropolymeric electrolyte film precursor contains an ionic conductive functional group. The dynamic modulus of the precursor at 90degreesC is 4x105-30x105 pa.    USE - For forming solid electrolyte film (claimed) used in solid polymeric type fuel battery, water and salt electrolysis and in various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte film precursor has large electricity, excellent mechanical and tensile strength. The electrolyte film having favorable ionic conductivity is obtained by hydrolysis easily. Manufacture of an electrolytic film used for diaphragms in fuel battery and a chloro alkali electrolysis is effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of an electrolyte film precursor which involves irradiating the electrolyte film with non-spark generated ionizing radiation in the presence of 500 ppm or less concentration oxygen atmosphere, at temperature greater than glass transition point and lesser than the decomposition temperature.
NOVELTY - A laminate consists of a fluororesin sheet and a resin film with a deposition film of an inorganic oxide. An antifouling layer and/or an ultraviolet ray absorbent layer is formed on one or both surfaces of the laminate.    USE - Useful for a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Ability to prevent penetration of moisture and oxygen is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transparent fluororesin (PVF) film or sheet is used as a fluororesin sheet of which a solar cell module consists. The fluororesin includes polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxyl resin (PFA) of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkylvinylether and a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyvinylether-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (EPE).
NOVELTY - The battery has a sealing plate including a safety valve, a terminal plate with a cap and a flange, and a disc shaped filter with a gas vent hole near its center. A space between the rims of the flange and a metal casing is filled with a gasket, and the casing edges are bent to seal the battery.    USE - For mobile telephones or notebook computers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is small, has high storage capacity and is safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cylindrical alkaline storage battery comprises:    (a) a spiral group of electrodes formed of anode and cathode plates (6, 7) and separators (8);    (b) a metal case (5) containing the group of electrodes; and    (c) a sealing plate for sealing the top of the case, comprising:    (i) a safety valve (2);    (ii) a cap shaped terminal plate (3) having a cap (3a) and a flange (3b), and a gas exhaust hole (3c);    (iii) a disc shaped filter (1) with a gas vent hole (1a) near its center under the terminal plate flange, but not in contact with it.    The safety valve is between the flange and the filter. There is a space between the rims of the flange and the case, with a gasket (4) between, which is sealed by bending the edge of the metal case inward.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the battery.    filter (1)    gas vent hole (1a)    safety valve (2)    terminal plate (3)    cap (3a)    flange (3b)    gas exhaust hole (3c)    gasket (4)    case (5)    anode plate (6)    cathode plate (7)    separator (8)
NOVELTY - Polymer compound having polyvinyl alcohol units has average polymerization degree of not less than 20, in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by an oxyalkylene-containing group with average molar substitution degree of not less than 0.3. The produced polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and tackiness.    USE - The polymer is useful for binder resin, compositions for ionically conductive polymer electrolytes and secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The produced polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and tackiness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer compound has polyvinyl alcohol units of formula (I) having average polymerization degree of not less than 20 in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by an oxyalkylene-containing group with average molar substitution degree of not less than 0.3.    n = not less than 20.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) a binder resin made from the polymer compound; and    (ii) a composition for ionically conductive polymer electrolyte comprising the polymer compound and an ionically conductive salt as main components.
NOVELTY - The protective coating is made from two layers - a layer of silver on a backing material, and a layer of a metal oxide on the silver. The silver layer is 20 - 100 nm thick on a transparent backing material and 80 - 250 nm thick, and the metal oxide is titanium oxide or zirconium oxide.    USE - Protective clothing and masks for personnel working in high temperature or solar radiation conditions, including firefighting and hot industrial processes, and for reflective surfaces of solar power concentrators.    ADVANTAGE - Higher coefficient of reduction of thermal radiation, higher mechanical and chemical resistance, and lower backing material temperature.
NOVELTY - The anode side channel plate (40) has concave stay parts (4011,4013,4016) and convex stay parts (4010,4012,4015) provided on the rib (401a). The stay parts are of rectangular, semicircular or triangular shape. A humidification agent is piled up in the stay part to humidify the solid polymer film.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer film is kept humidified, thus battery characteristic is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of anode side channel plate.    Anode side channel plate (40)    Rib (401a)    Concave stay parts (4011,4013,4016)    Convex stay parts (4010,4012,4015)
NOVELTY - The secondary battery has a multilayer bag (6) containing electrolyte. The innermost layer of base material is an electric insulating layer. Water vapor non-permeated layer is formed directly on electric insulating layer without using adhesive. The electric insulating layer contains resin which has a metal adhesive property opposing to a metal terminal (4).    USE - Secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size and weight of secondary battery which excels in sealing property. Electric insulation layer has good corrosion resistance property and is resistant to corrosion due to electrolyte. Prevents leakage of electrolyte from water vapor non-permeated layer and electric insulating layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the secondary battery.    Multilayer bag (6)
NOVELTY - Lithium cell consists of an anode, cathode and a polyelectrolyte containing organic solvent and copolymer of vinylidene fluoride, alpha-fluoro acrylic acid lithium or alpha-trifluoromethyl acrylic acid lithium as a base.    USE - As a lithium secondary battery for portable telephones, personal computer etc.,    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte is highly stable and has favorable electro conductivity. Adherence of the polyelectrolyte and the electrode material is excellent and the battery has excellent charging and discharging cycle properties.
NOVELTY - A deposition film of an inorganic oxide is formed on one surface of a fluorine resin sheet and further, an antifouling layer and/or a ultraviolet ray absorbent layer is formed on one surface or both surfaces of the deposition film of an inorganic oxide.    USE - This sheet is useful for a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof properties to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen are remarkably improved.
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte prepared by firstly converting a part of at least 3 hydroxyl groups of the starting material polycarbonate polyols into (meth)acrylates, and remaining OH-groups converted to a group having no polymerization ability (ester-, carbonate- or ether- group), then polymerizing and finally dispersing alkali metal salts in the product polymer resin.    USE - Product is used in primary/secondary cells and capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - Product gives adequate combination of degree of polymerization and crosslinking, thus realizing high flexibility and high ion conductivity. Because of no residual, free hydroxyl group, reaction with metals will not occur, thus providing an electrochemical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - No. of equivalents of OH-group in the polycarbonate polyols is 3-50 (eq/mol). Mw (weight average molecular weight) is 500-100,000. Lithium salt is contained in said polycarbonate (meth)acrylates.
NOVELTY - The charge condition of a hermetically-sealed lead-acid battery is monitored by a sensor immersed in the battery fluid. The sensor consists of an elongated probe (thread or rod) which shrinks or swells in proportion to the changing acidity of the battery fluid. The probe is manufactured preferably of an cation exchange resin material. The probe is enclosed within a perforated tube.    USE - Acidity probe to monitor the charge condition of hermetically sealed lead-acid battery. Selection of a suitable ion exchange probe (4) material renders the probe suitable to monitor chlorine-alkaline electrolysis (concentration of caustic soda), or the condition of industrial or agricultural water effluent.    ADVANTAGE - The probe signal detects the condition over the full length of the probe rather than at a single depth point.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the probe as installed in a lead-acid battery.    Battery fluid (12)    Probe (4)    Perforated tube (1)
NOVELTY - Non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery has at least one part containing polyolefin which contacts with electrolyte. Electrolyte contacting surface of polyolefin contains an antioxidant and polyolefin does not contain a compound which comprises a phenolic hydroxyl group.    USE - As power source for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The battery excels in capacitive maintenance property and reduction in capacitive retention is small, even when the battery is exposed to high temperature.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich reformed gas formed by modifier (17) is ejected from carbon monoxide reduction apparatus (23) which reduces carbon monoxide at low temperature. The oxygen and reformed gas are supplied to main body (27) of the fuel battery which makes an electrolyte the solid polymer film to generate electricity.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Operates at low temperature. Stabilizes the operating method. Improves current density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier combines heating gas of organic compounds such as hydrocarbon or alcohol group containing carbon monoxide by a partial oxidation reaction or water vapor modification reaction or both. Carbon monoxide conversion device (19) converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide by shift reaction. Carbon monoxide reduction apparatus (23) reduces carbon monoxide at low density and temperature by supplying oxidizing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Modifier (17)    Carbon monoxide conversion device (19)    Carbon monoxide reduction apparatus (23)    Main body of fuel battery (27)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery has conductive plate covering outer surface of oxidizing electrode, formed with several holes to communicate surface of water absorption material and oxidating agent electrode    USE - Especially for water absorption and conductive plate structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids bad influence on power generation, due to water penetration since only water absorption material covers the outer surface of the conductive plate which in turn results in simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The conductive plate (7) formed with groove (71) for supplying oxidizing agent gas to surface of oxidizing agent electrode (12), covers the outer surface of electrode (12). Sheet like water absorption material (8) covers the outer surface of conductive plate. Multiple holes (72) are formed on the conductive plate to communicate surface of water absorption material and surface of oxidizing agent electrode. The solid polymer electrolyte film is intervened between fuel electrode (13) and oxidating agent electrode. Electric power generation is started by supplying heating gas and oxidizing agent gas to fuel electrode and oxidating agent electrode respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the disassembled isometric view of battery cell.    Conductive plate (7)    Water absorption material (8)    Electrode (12)    Fuel electrode (13)    Groove (71)    Hole (72)
NOVELTY - A cell (20) formed by distributing electrodes (22,23) on both sides of electrolyte film (21), is supported by ribs (401a) in support plate (40). A humidification agent is circulated via flow path which is surrounded by rib, to humidify the film. Water retention layers (402a,402c) are formed on surface of the plate except at press supporting surface, to absorb and hold humidification agent at rib of plate.    USE - In solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to provide a reliable and stable contact resistance of the plate with a rib and electrode of cell. Prevents reduction of battery property after prolonged use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of cell in fuel battery.    Cell (20)    Electrolyte film (21)    Electrodes (22,23)    Support plate (40)    Ribs (401a)    Water retention layers (402a,402c)
NOVELTY - Dry mixing of an active material and carbon black is performed to prepare a paste, which is coated on collector (6) and film (7) to form negative electrode (2).    USE - For manufacturing polymer lithium secondary battery for portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Since the collector is coated and hence covered by paste, the charging and discharging cycle life of battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the polymer lithium secondary battery.    Negative electrode (2)    Collector (6)    Film (7)
NOVELTY - A short circuit prevention tape (201) with heat resistance strength higher than that of separator, is placed around outer circumferential surface of the upper end of positive electrode (204) of electricity generation element (20). The short circuit prevention tape is made up of polypropylene. The lower end of the electricity generation element contacts an armored can (30).    USE - Lithium ion battery in portable electronic machine such as portable telephone, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since the short circuit prevention tape with high heat resistance strength is provided, the safety of a battery is maintained satisfactorily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic assembly drawing of lithium ion battery.    Electricity generation element (20)    Armored can (30)    Short circuit prevention tape (201)    Positive electrode (204)
NOVELTY - A contact piece (20) of electrolyte film (22) and electrode used for solid polymeric fuel batteries contains electroconductive fiber (24) which is fixed to at least one surface of the film (22) by electric field hair transplant technique at 90 degrees.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The contact piece of electrolyte film for fuel batteries having good drainage and gas permeability is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacture of contact piece of electrolyte film for fuel batteries; and    (b) manufacture of contact piece of electrodes for fuel batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of contact piece of electrolyte film and electrode for fuel batteries.    Contact piece (20)    Electrolyte film (22)    Electroconductive fiber (24)
NOVELTY - The protection sheet (A) consists of metallizing thin film (2) of inorganic oxide provided to a side of a fluorine group resin sheet (1).    USE - For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in permeability of solar light and strength. Abounds in extreme endurance and suppresses long performance degradation to minimum extent. Excels in weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind-pressure resistance, chemical resistance, damp-proofing, stain repellent properties. Raises characteristic degree of damp-proofing that prevents penetration of water component, oxygen, etc. Excels in protection capability and can be manufactured inexpensively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of outline of lamination of protection sheet.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Metallizing thin film (2)    Protection sheet (A)
NOVELTY - Organic silicon polymer has silicon backbone and has predetermined number of reactive functional groups.    USE - As electrically conductive material, photoelectric conversion material, luminescent material.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon polymer shows low band gap value and has a high industrial value.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the organic silicon compound.
NOVELTY - An electrically conducting film based on starch acetate prepared by contacting the film with a metal electrode, so that on dipping the electrode system so obtained in the electrolyte bath the electrode makes no direct contact with the electrolyte solution, and after electrolysis metal particles deposited in the foil pores are treated with polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 1000-20000 is new.    USE - The film is useful for biosensors in electrochromium windows and displays, antistatic coatings and packages, solid electrolyte batteries and electronic semiconductor elements and membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The film is simple to prepare and is based on biologically degradable and environmentally friendly constituents, and electrical conductivity is obtained with only a small amount of metal, i.e. 0.02-0.2 %.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of an electrolysis bath.    Metal electrode (1)    Foil (2)    Anode (3)    Electrolyte solution (4)
NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion element is formed using an electrolyte containing: (A) an ether compound; and (B) a redox couple comprising a combination of iodine and an iodine compound or a combination of bromine and a bromine compound.    USE - The photoelectric conversion element is especially used in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has excellent long-term stability. Direct current flows continuously by light exposure. Ions are effectively transported.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photoelectric conversion element is formed using an electrolyte containing:    (A) an ether compound of formula (I) - (IV) and    (B) a redox couple comprising a combination of iodine and an iodine compound or a combination of bromine and a bromine compound.    R1-16 and R101-105 = H atom or -O(CH2CH2O)n-A1, all the R groups cannot be H;    A = O(CH2)b- or -O(CH2CH2O)c-;    A1 = alkenyl or alkyl group;    a, b, and c = an integer 1-12.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the photoelectric conversion element.    Glass Plate (1,6)    Electrode (2, 5)    Semiconductor Layer (3)    Electrolyte (4)    Resin (7)    Lead Wire (8)
NOVELTY - The battery charger (100) comprises a rear pocket (103) for charging battery (118), and the door (104) having battery retention latch (105) for holding the battery in the pocket. The auxiliary contacts (113) are provided to deliver power to pocket.    USE - Battery charger.    ADVANTAGE - The charger designers have the freedom to design chargers which do not require the battery to lay flat, hence charger becomes more compact. Forms charger with smooth contour, since door is closed when no battery is in rear pocket, by providing retention latch.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The door is made of materials selected from polycarbonate, plastic, styrene, fiber glass, metal and wood.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of charger.    Battery charger (100)    Rear pocket (103)    Door (104)    Battery retention latch (105)    Auxiliary contacts (113)    Charging battery (118)
NOVELTY - The cell unit (14) comprises fuel and oxidizing agents (20,30) provided at cathode and anode side of cell (12) and cooling chamber (40). Fuel and cooling pipes (24,44) communicate with corresponding chambers via flow paths (26,46). The pipes communicate with each other by cooling water flow hole (50) to humidify heating gas flowing through fuel pipe.    USE - For electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of synthetic electricity generation is increased. The battery maintains the wettability of electrolyte film effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of electricity generation system using solid polymeric fuel battery.    Cell (12)    Cell unit (14)    Fuel and oxidizing agents (20,30)    Fuel and cooling pipes (24,44)    Flow paths (26,46)    Cooling chamber (40)    Cooling water flow hole (50)
NOVELTY - Target containing indium and 4-25 wt.% of zinc oxide is maintained under predefined atmosphere where ratio of oxygen partial pressure to moisture pressure is 10-1000 and ratio of moisture pressure to inert gas is 1.3 x 10-5- 2.5 x 104- and maintained at 80 degrees C for forming transparent electrically conductive film on polymeric substrate.    USE - For manufacturing transparent electrically conducting laminate containing indium zinc oxide as principal component on polymeric substrate, using sputtering technique for electrode of various display device, thin film solar battery, portable terminal.    ADVANTAGE - Improves productivity of low resistant transparent electrically conductive film by improving heating stability.
NOVELTY - Polymeric electrolytic gel, comprises supporting electrolyte salts, non-aqueous electrolyte containing 5 weight percent of more of non-aqueous solvent (A) having viscosity of 1cP or less and mixture of methacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile polymers.    USE - For lithium secondary batteries and electroluminescent material.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric gel excels in conductivity over a wide range of temperature, charging and discharging cycle property.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of an ion-exchanger membrane involves laminating and pressing a fluoropolymer film on a cloth by a pressure application to form a fluorine reinforced fiber with a laminated film surface consisting of fluoropolymer fiber.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery, water electrolysis, salt electrolysis and various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The fluoropolymer laminated film has improved folding and resistant properties.
NOVELTY - A lithium battery consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte is a fluorine-containing macromolecular electrolyte and uses a copolymer as its parent material and contains a solution consisting of a lithium salt solute and a solvent capable of dissolving the lithium salt.    USE - The lithium battery having the fluorine-containing macromolecular electrolyte is particularly used as a lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The macromolecular electrolyte has superior stability. The lithium battery retains good electrical conductivity, and has good adhesion between the macromolecular electrolyte and electrode active materials, and superior charge-discharge cycling durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The copolymer contains a monomer unit consisting of vinylidene fluoride, and a monomer unit consisting of alpha-fluoroacrylate of formula (1). Where, part of a fluorine atom may be displaced by a chlorine atom or a bromine atom. Formula (1-(1))-P    R = CH2(CF2)nH, CH2(CF2)nF, (CH2)nH, or (CF2)nF;    n = integer of 1-6.
NOVELTY - A lamination sheet (6) consists of a metal sheet, that prevents entry of water into a package (7) and which has plastic deformation property and a polymeric sheet which has thermo-bonding property for sealing. The seal portion (14) is folded up to maintain the required shape by plastic deformation property of lamination sheet.    USE - For batteries of portable electronic goods.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids reduction of width seal portion and reduces possibility of reduction in reliability. Reduces occupied area of seal portion. Enables to form package with light weight and high energy density.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective and sectional view of package.    Lamination sheet (6)    Package (7)
NOVELTY - Metallic foils (102,103) with 120 or less vickers hardness are connected with photovoltaic cells such that folding angle of foil is 180degrees. A by-pass diode chip (101) is supported between the foil, through connector made of resin.    USE - For solar power generations system installed in buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances connection strength of metallic foil, by maintaining foil at specific angle. Prevents formation of metallic foil by using foil of particular vital hardness, thereby reduces stress acting on diode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The by-pass diode chip is electrically connected between the foil by the resin connector having viscosity 500-2000 poises or less. The photovoltaic cell is formed using single crystal thin film and silicon sheet wafer. Fine crystal or amorphous pin silicon layer is formed on the wafer by peeling the epitaxial film. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Solar battery module, which includes photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cells are sealed by resin through back up plate. (ii) The building material which consists of roof and wall panel for mounting solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline and by-pass diode chip.    By-pass diode chip (101)    Metallic foils (102,103)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a negative electrode (6) containing cathode electrode active material and binder, positive electrode (4) containing anode active material and binder and non-aqueous electrolyte. The cathode active material is a mixture of carbon fiber material (A) and carbonaceous material (B) and cathode binder is a copolymer of acrylic group rubber.    USE - For use as power supply of electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has excellent cycle characteristics and durability. The adhesion between collector and active material layer is excellent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Electrode group (3)    Positive electrode (4)    Negative electrode (6)
NOVELTY - The back plate (13) having a convex portion (15) is connected at the lower portion of the lead electric pole (10) in resin winding terminal (1). The resin (11) is provided surrounding the pole and the convex portion of the plate and is made airtight.    USE - For lead storage batteries.    ADVANTAGE - As the small sized resin winding terminal is manufactured efficiently, the compact lead storage battery having excellent fluid-tight characteristic is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents the sectional view of resin winding terminal.    Resin winding terminal (1)    Electric pole (10)    Resin (11)    Back plate (13)    Convex portion (15)
NOVELTY - A battery element is laminated by a composite film (11) on either sides, such that the folded edge of the composite film opposes the electrode terminal extraction side edge of the battery element. Three edges of the composite film are heat sealed and the two opposing edges orthogonal to the folded edge are bent in the horizontal direction.    USE - For portable electronic machines such as personal computer, word processor.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents penetration of water component and oxygen, by laminating the battery element using flexible composite film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of secondary battery.    Composite film (11)
NOVELTY - Production of cationic exchange membrane thin layers containing sulfonic acid groups comprises using plasma deposition. Organic monomers as the starting compounds which have a boiling point of not more than 300 degrees C at a pressure of 1 bar and are chemically stable at this temperature and are non corrosive. The plasma deposition is carried out in a non-pulsed plasma or in a pulsed plasma with an average power density that is 1.5 times the plasma ignition power density. Sulfonic acid groups are built into the deposited thin layer by treating with an aqueous hydrogen sulfite solution.    USE - As polymer electrolyte membrane in PEM fuel cells, especially direct methanol fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The thin layers have a good selectivity, good ion conductivity and high ion exchange capacity.
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion layer having pn junction or PIN junction is formed via conductive layer on a polyarylate film (1). The amount of residual monomers in the film is 2000 ppm or less. The light transmission of polyarylate film is 50% or more under wavelength of 550 nm. The carboxyl value of polyarylate film is 30 mols/tonne.    USE - For solar power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - As the polyarylate film is outstanding in transparency, facilitates usage as light receiving portion of optoelectric transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyarylate film is made of group chosen from alkyl, allyl, phenyl, nitro, alkylene, halo substituted alkylene and alkylidene group compounds, cyclo alkylidene, phenyl alkylidene, carbonyl, sulfonyl, carboxyl alkylene, carboxyl alkylidene, alkoxy carbonyl alkylene, fluorene, isatin (sic) and alkyl silane group compounds. The catalyst residual amount in polyarylate film is 30 ppm or less and amount of alkali metals is 1000 ppm or less.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of optoelectric transducer.    Polyarylate film (1)
NOVELTY - The gaseous fuel is humidified by an oxidation gas humidifier (27) and the humidified fuel is supplied to the fuel battery (30) in the form of fog using injector unit (28).    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Cooling water circulation pipeline and heat exchanger are not necessary, since fuel is itself humidified and supplied in the form of fog.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the coating method of fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the composition of fuel battery system.    oxidation gas humidifier (27)    injector unit (28)    fuel battery (30)
NOVELTY - The film has electrode formation area (12) in which anode (20) and cathode (22) are formed, and peripheral area (14). The film thickness in area (12) is less than that of peripheral area.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction in generation of electricity is prevented due to the structure of film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymeric type fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solid polymeric type fuel battery.    electrode formation area (12)    peripheral area (14)    anode (20)    cathode (22)
NOVELTY - Leads (1a,2a) are connected to respective anode (1) and cathode (2) by electric welding at two or more places of the electrodes. Notches (1b,2b) are provided between welding parts of respective leads (1a,2a).    USE - In portable electronic device, electric vehicle, road leveler.    ADVANTAGE - Increases connection strength of lead part of electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the external terminal of laminated electrode group in laminated type polymer electrolyte battery.    Anode (1)    Leads (1a,2a)    Notches (1b,2b)    Cathode (2)
NOVELTY - The battery has one anode lead and one cathode lead longer than the other anode leads and cathode leads, respectively. The free ends of the longer anode and cathode leads are connected with positive and negative electrode terminals (5) in the seal part (4a) of the outer cladding object (4), respectively.    USE - For power supply for electric vehicle, portable electronic device, road leveler, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing property of the seal part of outer cladding object is high. Battery storage is excellent and reliable.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the lead connection structure.    Outer cladding object (4)    Seal part (4a)    Positive and negative electrode terminals (5)
NOVELTY - The partially resin coated lead (3) is connected to a power generation element (2). The power generation element is arranged within a container (4) that has metal resin laminate film. The resin coated portion of lead is welded to edge of container. The cross-linking bonding of an outer layer (31a) of the resin coating is carried out.    USE - For e.g. lithium ion battery used in portable radio telephone, portable PC, video camera.    ADVANTAGE - Improves air resistance of battery by avoiding need of laminate film in container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of battery.    Power generation element (2)    Resin coated lead (3)    Container (4)    Outer layer (31)
NOVELTY - The battery has a case (4) in which electricity generation element (2) connected to lead (3) is accommodated. A preset part of lead is coated with resin (31) to form a metal resin laminate film. The coated resin is then colored.    USE - For portable telephone, portable video camera, note-book PC.    ADVANTAGE - High air resistance is maintained. Avoids deformation of electricity generation element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of battery.    Electricity generation element (2)    Lead (3)    Case (4)    Resin (31)
NOVELTY - The label includes shrinking tube (8) with shrinking film of 15-45 microns thickness. The label printed with printing ink, is fixed on battery by natural drying.    USE - Cylindrical alkaline manganese dioxide battery with label is used for metal armored can.    ADVANTAGE - Content volume of battery is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery with label manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of cylindrical alkaline manganese dioxide battery.    Shrinking tube (8)
NOVELTY - The partially resin coated lead is connected to a power generation element (2). The coated resin has lamination of layers in thickness direction. The outermost layer (31a) of resin has higher softening than that of the innermost layer (31b). The power generation element is stored in a container. The resin coated portion of lead is welded to the laminate film of container.    USE - For e.g. lithium ion battery used in portable radio telephone, portable PC, portable video camera.    ADVANTAGE - Improves air resistance of battery by enabling excellent adhesion between lead coating resin and container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of battery.    Power generation element (2)    Outermost layer (31a)    Innermost layer (31b)
NOVELTY - A battery has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a polymer electrolyte.    USE - Electrolyte for battery.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte has enhanced mechanical properties, high ion conductivity. The resulting battery has superior high-rate discharge characteristics (discharge characteristics discharged at high current).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer of formula (1) is new.    R1, R2, R3 = 3C or more-substituent;    at least one of R1, R2, R3 = polymethyl methacrylate, poly-2-vinyl pyridine, polydimethyl siloxane, polyacrylic acid, or polyethylene oxide;    R4, R5 = H, alkyl, alkoxy, ester bond-bearing 1-3C substituent, carboxyl, or phenyl;    l, m, n = integer of 1 or greater.    The polymer has a weight-average molecular weight of 10000 or greater.
NOVELTY - A frame like insulating spacer (21) made of polyethylene and polypropylene is interposed between back side cover (30) and glass substrate (24). Isobutylene isoprene rubber (25) is filled in gap between junction portion of spacer and glass substrate. Adhesive agent (26) made of silicone resin or polysulfide resin is filled in gap between junction portion of spacer and back side cover.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Insulation resistance of solar battery module is secured, as isoprene rubber and adhesive agent are filled in respective gaps.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of solar battery module.    Insulating spacer (21)    Glass substrate (24)    Isobutylene isoprene rubber (25)    Adhesive agent (26)    Back side cover (30)
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte film (11) is bigger than electrode (21) supported by an electrode contact piece. The polymer electrolyte film and electrode contact piece are hot pressed to join the film by the electrode. The surface roughness of film is more than 10 mum Rz.    USE - For fuel battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Improves durability of polymer electrolyte film and electrode contact piece, since wrinkles are not generated on the electrolyte film during hot pressing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows example of hot pressing of polymer electrolyte film and electrode.    Polymer electrolyte film (11)    Electrode (21)
NOVELTY - Multiple by-pass diodes (102) are attached to a photovoltaic cell (101) and sealed with a sealing material (105). The sealing material contains at most 20% of resin. The resin contains copolymer of ethylene and unsaturated fatty acid ester such as ethyl acrylate or methyl acrylate. The sealing material produces acid on heat decomposition or hydrolysis.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Photovoltaic cell is sealed with sealing material containing resin copolymer and unsaturated fatty acid ester. Therefore, corrosion resistance becomes excellent. Thus, large temperature difference in humid area, data and night is obtained, reliability and durability are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic diagram of photovoltaic cell module.    Photovoltaic cell (101)    By-pass diodes (102)    Sealing material (105)
NOVELTY - A thin lithium-ion secondary battery is placed on a rigid base. The rigid base has a bag to accommodate electricity generation element of the battery. A sheet (5) is provided on surface of the bag. Heat conductivity of the sheet is more than 0.3 Wxm-1xdegreesC-1 and resitivity is more than 1010OMEGAcm.    USE - For portable information terminal.    ADVANTAGE - The battery can be warmed easily and quickly by external heat and short circuit is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the sheet-like base material for the thin shape battery.    Sheet (5)
NOVELTY - A sealing film is formed of a sheet prepared by applying a film deposition to a silane coupling agent-containing clear flexible resin composition. The silane coupling agent contains a polysiloxane compound.    USE - The sealing film is used in the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the polysiloxane compound prevents a decrease in adhesion caused by the deposited silane coupling agent. The adhesion is retained for a long period of time. The solar battery has superior weather resistance, durability. The performance afforded by the solar battery is retained for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polysiloxane compound consists of a compound of formula (I).    Me = methyl;    X = alkoxy;    Y = epoxy, carboxyl, carbinol, hydroxyl;    Z = polyether, alkyl, aralkyl.
NOVELTY - Air diffused layer (3), water repellent film (4), anode (5) and a separator (6) are received inside a anode jar (1) with a vent (2). Air diffusion layer pressed by the bottom of the anode jar, consists of porous polymeric resin film having water repellent property. Negative electrode container (8) filled with gel-like zinc cathode (7), is arranged on the anode jar via the separator.    USE - For hearing aid and pager.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in water-proof property and prevents reduction of utilization factor by the permeation of water inside the air zinc cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of air zinc cell.    Positive electrode jar (1)    Vent (2)    Air diffused layer (3)    Water repellent film (4)    Positive electrode (5)    Separator (6)    Zinc cathode (7)    Negative electrode container (8)
NOVELTY - The manufacturing apparatus comprises a heating unit and cooling unit which are provided with multiple independent temperature control systems.    USE - For laminating elements such as solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Since two or more temperature control system are provided in heating and cooling unit effective temperature control on larger area is ensured. Hence reliable partial lamination is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram explaining the temperature controller.
NOVELTY - A cover system (1) comprises a first side (4) as an inner wall or ceiling surface of the building. A second side (6), opposite the first side, has a form for supporting the solar panels, solar thermal collectors, and/or roofing tiles. The system(s) is directly attachable to a building in order to form the roof.    USE - The cover system is used for arranging solar panels and/or solar thermal collectors on a surface, e.g. building. It serves as a roof of a building (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a system, which is prefabricated and after transportation to a building site can be very easily and efficiently arranged as a roof on a building. The solar panels can be mounted on the system in the last phase of the building process which reduces the solar panels' susceptibility to theft and diminishing the insurance costs. This enables separate liability, for the building plus roof system and the solar panels/solar thermal collectors, which is economically attractive to all parties concerned, since the roof system already mounted provides a water-proof building.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) an assembly comprising the cover system, solar panel(s), and/or solar thermal collector(s); (b) a building comprising the system; (c) a method for providing a roof on a building; (d) the use of the system as a roof of a building; and (e) a support profile set.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of a part of the system.    Cover system (1)    First side (4)    Second side (6)    Water resistant layer (17)    Lath (L)
NOVELTY - A full-enclosed maintenance-free lead-acid accumulator for vehicles driven by electric features that its positive electrode plate is made of ultra-low-Sb alloy material, its positive active substance contains Pb powder, H2SO4, solution, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), modified graphite, acrylic flock, its negative electrode plate is made of Pb-Ca alloy, and its negative active mass contains Pb powder, H2SO4, solution, BaSO4, humic acid, alpha or beta naphthalene acid and ultravonw.
NOVELTY - A composition for ionically conductive solid polymer comprises (A) a polymer compound with polyvinyl alcohol units of formula (I) having average polymerization degree of not less than 20 in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by an oxyalkylene-containing group with average molar substitution degree of not less than 0.3, (B) ionically conductive salt as main components, and (C) a compound with crosslinkable functional group(s). Such composition has high conductivity, tackiness and shape retention.    USE - The composition is ionically conductive solid polymer applicable in solid polyelectrolyte and secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Such composition has high conductivity, tackiness and shape retention.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composition for ionically conductive solid polymer comprises (A) a polymer compound with polyvinyl alcohol units of formula (I) having average polymerization degree of not less than 20 in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by an oxyalkylene-containing group with average molar substitution degree of not less than 0.3, (B) ionically conductive salt as main components, and (C) a compound with crosslinkable functional group(s). (I)    n = not less than 20.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (i) an ionically conductive solid polymer containing a polymer obtained by polymerization and crosslinking (C) to give a three-dimensional structure with the molecular chains of (A) inter-penetrating and (B) dispersed in; and (ii) a binder resin comprising (A) and (C).
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) is produced by positioning a proton exchange membrane (PEM) between anode and cathode plates, providing a gasket to seal the PEM with respect to the plates (16, 18) and molding directly the gasket to the PEM to form a unitary gasket/membrane assembly (20).    USE - The method is used for producing a fuel cell which converts fuel into electricity by a catalytic process.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is simplified through stacking process. The lateral leaking is controlled by the interaction between the gasket and the groove. The lobes of the gasket and the protuberances deform when compressed in a manner to fill the groove and to effectively form a seal line that resists the lateral movement of the hydrogen or air.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a fuel cell comprises forming an integral gasket/membrane assembly, positioning the gasket/membrane assembly on one of the cathode and anode plates, positioning another cathode and anode plates on the gasket/membrane assembly, and fixing the cathode and the anode relative to each other to seal the gasket/membrane assembly. The gasket/membrane assembly comprises a gasket (40) and a PEM having upper and lower surfaces connected by a peripheral edge. The peripheral edge is connected to the assembly by encapsulating at least a portion of the edge with the gasket and at least a portion of one of the upper and lower surfaces. The fuel cell comprises a PEM positioned between anode and cathode plates with a gasket sealing the PEM with respect to the anode and cathode plates.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a gasket/membrane assembly for a fuel cell obtained from the above method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell (10)    Plates (16, 18)    Gasket/membrane assembly (20)    Gasket groove (26)    Gasket (40)    Bead (42)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte consists of a vinylidene fluoride-based polymer composition and a non aqueous electrolytic solution.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in the non aqueous battery, particularly, a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The vinylidene fluoride-based polymer is stably present with a state containing a large amount of the non aqueous electrolytic solution. The polymer electrolyte has superior strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The vinylidene fluoride-based polymer composition consists of vinylidene fluoride copolymer (A), 30-95 percent by weight, and vinylidene fluoride copolymer (B), 70-5 percent by weight. The vinylidene fluoride copolymer (A) contains a vinylidene fluoride monomer, 70-97 percent by weight, and at least one monomer copolymerizable with the vinylidene fluoride, 3-30 percent by weight, has an inherent viscosity of 1.0-10 dl/g and a melt crystallization heating value of 24 J/g or more. The vinylidene fluoride copolymer (B) contains a vinylidene fluoride monomer, 50-95 percent by weight, and at least one monomer copolymerizable with the vinylidene fluoride, 5-50 percent by weight, and has an inherent viscosity of 1.0-20 dl/g and a melt crystallization heating value of 20 J/g or more.
NOVELTY - A new method of producing a polymer solid electrolyte comprises polymerizing (A) an alkylene glycol monomer having ethylenic unsaturated bonds in the presence of (B) a lithium salt, (C) a solvent, and a specific peroxy ester. A secondary lithium battery comprises an electrolyte layer of the solid polymer electrolyte or the solid polymer electrolyte in its positive and/or negative electrodes.    USE - For secondary lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - A solid polymer electrolyte free of air bubbles can be produced. The solid polymer electrolyte provides secondary lithium batteries with improved charge-discharge performance at heavy load, a higher capacity, and a higher current capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new method of producing a polymer solid electrolyte comprises polymerizing (A) an alkylene glycol monomer having ethylenic unsaturated bonds in the presence of (B) a lithium salt, (C) a solvent, and a peroxy ester of formula (I).    R1 to R3 = H or hydrocarbon residue;    R4 to R6 = alkyl or aryl group
NOVELTY - An electrode group (2) is formed by arranging a separator between the positive and negative electrodes. Non-aqueous solution is impregnated in the electrode group by heating the electrode group at a temperature of 120-170degreesC.    USE - For portable apparatus e.g. portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Enables providing non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which satisfies battery properties such as heavy current property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer with adhesive property is dissolved in the non-aqueous solution having 2.5 x 105 molecular weight.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    electrode group (2)
NOVELTY - A polymer capable of maintaining a non-aqueous electrolyte is placed between positive (1) and negative electrode (2) poles, which are capable of releasing and occluding lithium ions. The amount of non-aqueous electrolyte (3) is 2.5x10-3-3.5x10-3 ml per battery capacitance of 1 mAh.    USE - For polymer lithium secondary batteries useful in electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - Charging and discharging capacities are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of polymer lithium secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative electrode (2)    Electrolyte layer (3)
NOVELTY - The additive comprises a dispersion of powder of partial saponification polyvinyl alcohol in large mineral salt and/or boric acid of flocculation strength. The polymerization degree and saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 30-450 and 70 or 90 mol%, respectively.    USE - For lead storage batteries used for electric vehicles, uninterrupted power supply, main power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The additive prevents reduction of capacitance, accompanied by the charging and discharging of a lead storage battery. Internal resistance is reduced and the capacitance of battery increased. Handling property of the additive is improved.
NOVELTY - The moisture content (22) of non-junction portion (22) of electrolyte film (2) is smaller than junction portion (21). The electrolyte film is supported by electrodes (31,32).    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - As the tearing of film during battery running is prevented, durability of battery is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) solid polymer electrolyte film manufacturing method;    (b) fuel battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of fuel battery.    Electrolyte film (2)    Junction portion (21)    Moisture content (22)    Electrodes (31,32)
NOVELTY - Anode material of lithium ion secondary battery consists of lithium oxide powder of mean particle diameter 10-100 mum aggregated in the form of sphere as active material and 5 weight% or less of conduction supporting agent. The battery has carbon material cathode and organic electrolyte.    USE - Useful for portable electronic components and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The charging and discharging properties, electric and mechanical properties of the battery are improved. The internal resistance of the anode is reduced and small battery with increased electrode bulk density is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of lithium ion secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the anode material and its particle size distribution.
NOVELTY - A sealing member (9) which is laminated to the battery, seals between the leads (5a,5b) which eject electric current from the battery to the exterior. The ejected electric current is taken to several collectors via sealing portion having thermo-bonding property and like-pole property.    USE - For laminate-type battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since sealing member which is laminated by battery seals between leads, volumetric efficiency is increased and compressive force between upper and lower sides is dispersed at the leads.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of laminate-type battery.    Leads (5a,5b)    Sealing member (9)
NOVELTY - The battery has an outer cladding sheet (12) having lamination sheet (15) which has aluminum foil (6) and thermobonding resin film (5). Foil (6) laminates film (5) that laminates electrode group (4) having alternate positive and negative electrode plates (1,2) with separator in between. The sealing of electrode group is done by adjoining resin layer welding (10) with foil layer welding (11) in outer side.    USE - For lithium polymer secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since welding of resin layer is performed in outer side reinforcement of outer side of seal structure is attained and dissipation of liquid or gaseous electrolyte from seal structure is completely prevented therefore reliability of battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the seal structure of battery.    Positive and negative electrode plate (1,2)    Electrode group (4)    Thermobonding resin film (5)    Aluminum foil (6)    Resin layer welding (10)    Foil layer welding (11)    Outer cladding sheet (12)    Lamination sheet (15)
NOVELTY - Battery container lid is laminated sequentially by outer cladding resin film (3) of thickness 15 mum or more, aluminum layer (2) of thickness 50-300 mum or more, polyamide resin film (4), at least two corrosion resistant layers (4) comprising ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and heat sealing layer (5).    USE - For containers of batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Has excellent corrosion-resistance and moldability. Suitable for prolonged use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the laminate.    Aluminum layer (2)    Outer cladding resin film (3)    Polyamide resin film (4)    Heat sealing layer (5)
NOVELTY - Rectangular package lid (10) is provided on a package base (12). Each of the lid and base has laminated sheet of resin sheets (10a,12a) for protection, metal sheets (10b,12b) and thermobonding property resin sheets (10c,12c), respectively. Sealing supplementary section (20) thermally bonded to edge of package lid and base, has laminated sheet of resin sheet (20a), metal sheet (20b) and resin sheet (20c).    USE - Thin-shaped battery is used in portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains sealing performance of package by thermally bonding the sealing supplementary section to edge part of package lid and base.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin-shaped battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram and cross-sectional diagram of thin-shaped battery.    Rectangular package lid (10)    Resin sheets (10a,12a,20a,20c)    Metal sheets (10b,12b,20b)    Thermobonding property resin sheets (10c,12c)    Package base (12)    Sealing supplementary section (20)
NOVELTY - Outer covering (10) of polymer batteries, comprises a protective layer (20), a metal foil layer (12) and modified polypropylene layer (14) which consists of carboxy group containing propylene type resin, in order from outer side.    USE - For polymer batteries used for portable electronic machines such as video camera, portable telephone and personal computer, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The outer covering excels in long term stability, moisture, chemical and heat resistance, moldability, and impurity sealing property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross section of the outer covering of polymer batteries.    Outer covering (10)    Metal foil layer (12)    Modified polypropylene layer (14)    Protective layer (20)
NOVELTY - A polymer battery (10) is formed by sealing tabular electrode element to a support body (9) and the edge portion is sealed by resin layer in the edge portion. A guide plate (11A) is arranged along the side of electrode element, folded and sealed with the heated fluid along the sealing portion    USE - For portable telephones and personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The size of the polymer battery is reduced and processing is made easier. The yield of the battery is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the apparatus for performing outer cladding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of the apparatus for processing polymer battery.    Support body (9)    Polymer battery (10)    Guide plate (11A)
NOVELTY - A polymer composition consists of a reactant of a vinylidene fluoride polymer and a functional vinyl compound.    USE - The polymer composition is used for forming the polymer electrolyte used in a nonaqueous battery, particularly, a lithium ion battery. In the nonaqueous battery, the polymer electrolyte is provided between a positive electrode consisting of a positive electrode material storing and releasing lithium and a negative electrode consisting of a negative electrode material storing and releasing lithium, or metal lithium.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the polymer composition and utilizing crosslinking reactivity inherent in the vinyl group yield the polymer electrolyte having high heat resistance, high film strength, high electrolytic solution holding, good thin film formation, and high electro-chemical stability. The polymer electrolyte is suitable for the nonaqueous battery. The resulting nonaqueous battery has high characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The vinylidene fluoride polymer contains a polymerized vinylidene fluoride unit, 50 percent by weight or more, and a carboxyl group and/or an epoxy group. The functional vinyl compound has a functional group having reactivity relative to the carboxyl group and/or the epoxy group, and at least one vinyl group.
NOVELTY - A new electrolyte contains a polymer compound which is given by polymerizing a specific monomer having triazine structure.    USE - For electrochemical elements including batteries, capacitors, sensors, display devices, or memory devices.    ADVANTAGE - The new electrolyte provides photo-electrochemical cells keeping higher performance over long time with less degradation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new electrolyte contains a polymer compound which is given by polymerizing a specific monomer of formula (1).    R1, R3, R5 = H or alkyl group;    R2, R4, R6 = H or methyl group;    L1, L2, L3 = group having two bonding hands;    n1, n2, n3 = 1 or 2    An independent claim is also included for a new polymer compound which is given by polymerizing a monomer of formula (1) and (metha)acrylate.
NOVELTY - Thermally stable polymer electrolyte comprises high molecular weight perfluoro group compound which is cross-linked using a strongly acidic cross-linking groups.    USE - Used as electrolyte film for fuel battery, electrolysis of water, halide acid and brine, as oxygen enricher, humidity and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Creep property is increased due to high temperature resistance. The cross-linking group is strongly acidic, hence the electro conductivity of an electrolyte is not reduced, even when the density of cross-linking agent increases. The electrolyte is resistant to heat and oxidation. Efficiency of electrolyte is increased. Conventional poisoning of electrode catalyst by carbon monoxide is prevented.
NOVELTY - Solar battery sealing material is obtained by crosslinking ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and organic peroxide. The EVA copolymer has volume resistivity of 5.0x10 power 14 ohms or more and is crosslinked with organic peroxide during half life of 30 minutes or less in 140 degrees C.    USE - Sealing material is used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Solar battery sealing material with high volume resistivity contains ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. Leakage of electric current from solar battery is prevented. The size of solar battery module and cost of materials are reduced. EVA sealing material has high durability even when exposed to wind and rain, and provides improved insulation even with thin layer of sealing material.
NOVELTY - The sealing material for solar battery contains 10-30 mass% of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer which has a volume resistivity of 5.0x10 power 14 ohms or more.    USE - The sealing material is used for solar batteries used in power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer offers solar battery with high volume resistivity. The crosslinked structure of the sealing material, prevents the leak of electric current from solar battery efficiently. Even a thin layer of sealing materials provides insulation, hence solar battery module is improved with reduced size and cost. Energy conversion efficiency of the solar battery is high.
NOVELTY - An integrated thin film solar battery module is manufactured by decreasing an undesired current path at an exposed surface of a semiconductor layer that is removed subsequent to scribing a second electrode layer.    USE - For manufacturing an integrated thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an integrated thin film solar battery module having a high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The integrated thin film solar battery module is manufactured by:    (a) partly removing a first electrode layer (2) formed on a substrate (1) to divide it into unit cells (11);    (b) forming a semiconductor layer (4) on the first electrode layer;    (c) partly removing the semiconductor layer for each of the unit cells to form openings for connection to the first electrode layer;    (d) forming a second electrode layer (6) on the semiconductor layer;    (e) partly removing the second electrode layer and the semiconductor layer in the vicinity of the openings to divide the second electrode layer and the semiconductor layer corresponding to the unit cells;    (f) exposing an edge surface of the semiconductor layer by removing residues of the second electrode layer and the semiconductor layer; and    (g) heat treating at 130degreesC or higher after division of the second electrode layer and the semiconductor layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the integrated thin film solar battery module.    Substrate (1)    First electrode layer (2)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Second electrode layer (6)    Unit cells (11)
NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane web by printing front and back faces of the membrane continuously in the desired pattern with the electrode layers using an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying at elevated temperature. Printing is carried out while maintaining accurate positions of the patterns of electrode layers of front and back faces relative to one another. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) application of patterned electrode layers onto a polymer electrolyte membrane web by printing one side of the membrane continuously in the desired pattern with the electrode layers using an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying at elevated temperature; (ii) production of a membrane-electrode unit by placing, adhesive bonding or laminating gas distribution structures onto a printed polymer electrolyte membrane produced by one of the above processes; and (iii) a PEM fuel cell membrane-electrode unit produced as described above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a web coating installation for carrying out the process of the invention.    Uncoiler (10)    Screen printing unit (11)    Dryer (12)    Coiler (13)    Web coils (14, 15)    Membrane web (16)    Printing tool (17)    Water bath (18)
NOVELTY - A solid polysiloxane has multiple oligooxyethylene side chains on each silicon atom.    USE - For various electrical purposes, in lithium automotive batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The polysiloxanes of formula (I) have good conductivity when compared to polysiloxane polymers that did not have multiple side chains on each silicon atom.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polysiloxane compounds of formula (I).    1) X = R1 and Y = R2; or    2) X = CH3, and i) Y = -(CH2)3-O-CH2-CH-(O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m')CH2-O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m' or ii)Y = -(CH2)2-CH-(O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m')CH2-O(-CH2-CH2-O)m'; or    3) X = -(CH2)2-CH-(O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m')CH2-O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m', and Y = -(CH2)2-CH(-CH2-O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m')-O-(CH2-CH2-O-)m'; or    4) X = -(CH2)3-O-CH2-CH-(O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m')CH2-O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m' and Y = -(CH2)3-O-CH2-CH-(O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m')CH2-O(-CH2-CH2-O-)m';    R1 and R2 = -(CH2)3-O(-CH2-CH2-O)m-;    m and m' = 2 - 99 less than 100; and    n = 1 - 999.    Provided that for at least one n, R1 + R2 is between 10 - 12 oxygen atoms.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: A)an intermediate compound of formula R3R4SiCl2    R3 and R4 = -(CH2)3-O-(CH2-CH2)m'-T; and    T = H, halogen, 1-29C (aryl) alkyl, 1-29C alkyl silyl or 1-29C aryl.    ; and B)compound (I) is prepared by polymerizing at least two molecules of R3R4SiCl2 in the presence of water.
NOVELTY - Modifier (2) for fuel batteries has a catalyst holder (11) holding the catalyst which reacts with hydrocarbon compound to form hydrogen, metal pipe (14) which holds the catalyst holder and a holding sealant (12) provided between the holder and metal pipe. The sealant is a resin non-impregnated sealant and is made of inorganic fiber material with impurities of low concentration.    USE - For fuel batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The modifier forms hydrogen with high purity. Hence reduction of electricity generation efficiency of the fuel battery resulting in reduction of hydrogen purity is prevented reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the modifier for fuel batteries.    Modifier (2)    Holding sealant (12)    Main body (13)    Metal pipe (14)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte battery comprises gel like polymer electrolyte jelled by irradiation of an active light ray. The electrolyte has positive, negative electrode and a separator. The electrolytes and the separator are impregnated with 4-10 wt.% of poly functional monomers with 4 or more organic functional groups.    USE - As polymer electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE - The short circuit generation is inhibited and the battery is excellent in load characteristics.
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte battery consists of anode (1), cathode (2) and gel-like polymer electrolyte (3). At least one of the electrode is integrated with a support material (3a) consisting of porous sheet such as a nonwoven fabric and the gel-like polymer electrolyte is formed by gelation of a gelling agent impregnating into the electrolyte.    USE - For portable equipments, electric vehicles etc.,    ADVANTAGE - The battery has excellent internal resistance, load characteristics and workability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the polymer electrolyte battery.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Gel-like polymer electrolyte (3)    Support material (3a)
NOVELTY - The battery consists of anode (1), cathode (2), a separator (3) and gel-like polymer electrolyte containing 4-10 weight% of polyfunctional monomers (with at least 4 functional groups) and the monomer is subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. The amount of monomer which remains in the gel-like polymer electrolyte is 40 weight% or less and the monomer forms 3 weight% or less of the total electrolyte amount.    USE - For portable equipment, electric vehicle, road leveling etc.    ADVANTAGE - Strength of the gel-like polymer is maintained and the polymer electrolyte battery excellent in load characteristic is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of the polymer electrolyte battery.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Separator (3)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery comprises fuel electrode and air pole on either sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Air pole is an ion exchange resin consisting of polymer units A,B and C which are based on tetra fluoro ethylene and perfluoro vinyl ether which has a sulfonic acid group and which does not have an ion exchange or a precursor group, respectively.    USE - For electricity generation for use in space crafts.    ADVANTAGE - The ion exchange resin contained in the air pole does not swell with moisture. The moisture content of the air pole is not very high while the gas permeability is high. Hence, voltage reduction by flooding is inhibited. The fuel battery shows little time dependent deterioration of output characteristics. A high output density is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery comprises fuel electrode and air pole on either sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Fuel electrode is gas diffusion electrode containing a catalyst. Air pole is an ion exchange resin consisting of polymer units A,B and C which are based on tetra fluoro ethylene and perfluoro vinyl ether which has a sulfonic acid group and which does not have an ion exchange or a precursor group, respectively.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen occluding alloy powder that is contained in the anodes of alkaline secondary cells shows 1-100 mg/(m2) of water consumption after dipping it into aqueous solution (specific gravity = 1.2-1.4 g/(cm2)) of potassium hydroxide (temperature = 60 degreesC) for 48 hours.    USE - Used as the anode of alkaline secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - This method is able to raise the discharge capacity of the cells in their early stage of charge and discharge cycles and also lengthen their life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Main crystal phase of the alloy is not CaCu5 type and its composition is expressed as (Ln(1-x)Mgx(Ni(1-y)Ty)z), where (Ln) is at least one element of lanthanoid, Ca, Sr, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, and Hf, T is at least one element of Li, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P, and B, (x) is larger than zero and less than 1, (y) is equal to or larger than zero and equal to or less than 0.5, and (z) is equal to or larger than 2.5 and equal to or less than 4.5.
NOVELTY - The intermediate sheet (Sm) is made to pass through the pushing outlet (To) of molding machine (M). A weather resistance resin rubber elastic body (5) is extruded from the extrusion molding die (T1) of molding machine after passing of intermediate sheet.    USE - For manufacture of solar battery module which is mountable to transparent boards such as glass or sheet-like structures in building.    ADVANTAGE - A continuous production is made at a high speed with manufacture velocity of 20 increment. The thermal efficiency at the time of module manufacture is sufficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The wiring is connected to the electrode of the solar battery unit which has flexible plastic substrate on which solar battery element is formed. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) solar battery module;    (b) solar battery module manufacturing apparatus    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view and sectional view of solar battery unit.    Weather resistance resin rubber elastic body (5)    Molding machine (M)    Intermediate sheet (Sm)    Outlet (To)    Molding die (T1)
NOVELTY - An opto-electric conversion element uses a macromolecular solid electrolyte containing a polyether copolymer, or its crosslinked product, and an oxidation-reduction pair.    USE - The opto-electric conversion element using the macromolecular solid electrolyte is used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The opto-electric conversion element has improved fabrication, moldability, mechanical strength, flexibility and fire resistance. It allows continuous flow of DC current by light irradiation and efficiently transports ions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An opto-electric conversion element uses a macromolecular solid electrolyte containing:    (i) a polyether copolymer, having a weight-average molecular weight of 104 to 107, or its crosslinked product; and    (ii) an oxidation-reduction pair.    The polyether copolymer comprises:    (A) 5-95 mol.% of a repeat unit derived from a monomer of formula (I);    (B) 95-5 mol.% of a repeat unit derived from a monomer of formula (II); and    (C) 0-15 mol.% of a repeat unit derived from a reactive group-containing monomer of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb).    R1-R3 = H or -CH2O(CH2CH2O)nR, but are not simultaneously H;    n = 1-12;    R = 1-12C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, 6-14C aryl or 7-12C aralkyl; and    R4 and R5 = reactive functional group from ethylenically unsaturated group, reactive silicon-containing group, epoxy-containing group and halogen-containing group.    The oxidation-reduction pair consists of a combination of iodine and an iodine compound, or a combination of bromine and a bromine compound.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte comprising: a polymer gel holding a nonaqueous solvent containing an electrolyte. The gel comprises: (I) a unit derived from a monomer having a copolymerizable vinyl group; (II) a unit derived from (IIa) a compound having two acryloyl groups and a (poly)oxyethylene group,and (IIb) a compound having one acryloyl group and a (poly)oxyethylene group; and (IIc) a glycidyl ether compound.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and exhibits excellent discharge characteristics in low to high temperatures. The polymer electrolyte also suppresses growth of dendrites.
NOVELTY - Tubular composite (1) is made of a braiding (3) consisting of bundles and/or wires of an electron-conducting material and a layer (5) of an ion-conducting material arranged on top.    USE - The composite is used as a fuel cell element and as ion exchange membranes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composite is easy to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a tubular composite comprising braiding bundles and/or wires of an electron-conducting material to form a tube, applying an ion-conducting material onto the outer side of the braiding facing away from the lumen of the tube and drying.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a tubular composite.    Tubular composite (1)    Braiding (3)    Layer of ion-conducting material (5)    Catalyst layer (7, 9)    Further braiding (11)
NOVELTY - The production of a biodegradable, multi-phase polymer-electrolyte material based on starch esters, a water-soluble plasticizer and other components involves (1) keeping a film or sheet made of these materials in water, (2) keeping the film in a salt solution and (3) treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a mol. wt. of 1000-20000.    USE - Polymer electrolytes are used in batteries and similar applications.    ADVANTAGE - A simple, environmentally friendly process (i.e. using less salt) enables the production of biodegradable polymer electrolyte materials in the form of thin film with good mechanical properties and good conductivity.
NOVELTY - The heat peeling sheet (7) is adhered onto the lead (1a) of the positive electrodes (1) before impregnating the gel like polymer electrolyte into the electrode group with porous separator in between. The heat peeling sheet is peeled from the leads after gelling the polymer electrolyte.    USE - For manufacturing gel-like polymer electrolyte battery for portable electronic device, electric vehicle, load leveling.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates to manufacture battery having less internal resistance, excellent load characteristics within short time thereby improves yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the diagram explaining heat peeling sheet adhered condition of the positive electrode.    Positive electrodes (1)    Lead (1a)    Heat peeling sheet (7)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte constituting 3D porous substance has network structure. The solid polymer electrolyte containing thermoplastic high molecular compound has softening temperature ranging at 100degreesC or less. The thermoplastic high molecular compound is made of polyethylene or polypropylene.    USE - For use in electronic machine, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the mechanical strength of solid polymer electrolyte film is large, the handling is easy and manufacturing process is simplified. The inflammation, firing of battery is prevented during internal short circuit of battery. Thus, the safety of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is improved.
NOVELTY - The coating of cohydrolysis and polycondensate of organoalkoxy silane such as phenyl trialkoxy silane and methyl trialkoxy silane is applied on a substrate (2). The fine concave-convex pattern of splice form is made on the hardened coating of membranous substance (1), by a mold.    USE - For solar batteries, reflecting plate.    ADVANTAGE - The inversion shape of mold is transferred correctly and refractive index of membranous substance is freely controllable. Offers thick filmed substrate that excels in heat resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline view of fine uneven patterned board.    Membranous substance (1)    Substrate (2)
NOVELTY - The solid electrolyte contains straight-chain polyacrylonitrile of average molecular weight 5.5exp5 to 1exp6 determined by gel permeation chromatography and an electrolyte.    USE - For solid electrolyte cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte cell has favorable ion conductivity, high temperature stability and excellent reliability. The electrolyte can be manufactured easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of the solid electrolyte cell.
NOVELTY - The battery consists of an electrode contact piece (13) which contains a solid polymer film (14) in the center portion, having a hydrogen ion conductive solid polymer electrolyte and gas diffusion electrodes (15,16) on the periphery, which have a substance which does not have hydrogen ion conductivity. The area of the center portion is smaller than the gas diffusion electrode area.    USE - As a solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - By providing solid polymer film, the durability of the electrode contact piece is improved. The battery can be operated stably and deterioration by heat and humidity log at the time of usage and generation of fracture are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the electrode contact piece.    Electrode contact piece (13)    Solid polymer film (14)    Gas diffusion electrodes (15, 16)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery comprises a combustor present next to the battery into which remaining hot air or gas is sent and burnt. Water from water supply unit is heated indirectly using the heat generated from the combustor.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Quantity of heating gas supplied is increased, hence demands of warm water can be easily satisfied. Heat is utilized efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the fuel battery.
NOVELTY - The end of copper collector (1a) and aluminum collector (2a) in respective positive electrode (1) and negative electrode (2), are linked with seal portion (4a) of outer cladding (4). The portion of collectors outside the seal portion is coated by a metal (5) selected from copper, nickel, iron, stainless steel, etc.    USE - For portable electronic machine, electric vehicle and road leveling.    ADVANTAGE - Since the end of copper and aluminum collectors outside the cladding are coated by metal coating material, the collectors are avoided from contacting with atmosphere, hence reliability and storage property of battery is improved, by increasing internal resistance gain of storage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A copper collector and aluminum collector are formed on respective anode mix layer (1b) and cathode mix layer (2b) to form positive electrode (1) and negative electrode (2) respectively. A polymer electrolyte layer (3) is formed between the electrodes (1,2) which are covered by an outer cladding (4).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded view of polymer electrolyte battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Copper collector (1a)    Anode mix layer (1b)    Negative electrode (2)    Aluminum collector (2a)    Cathode mix layer (2b)    Polymer electrolyte layer (3)    Outer cladding (4)    Metal (5)
NOVELTY - The connection between positive electrode terminal (5) linked to aluminum lead and the collector (1a) made of aluminum, is performed on the seal portion (4a) of outer cladding (4). A guard plate (7) made of a metal, is attached to outer cladding of positive electrode terminal, outside the seal portion.    USE - Used as power supply in portable electronic machine, in electric vehicle, load leveling, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion of aluminum is prevented. Strength of the portion outside the seal portion of outer cladding, of positive electrode terminal is increased by the guard plate provision. Reliability of the polymer electrolyte battery is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of polymer electrolyte battery.    Collector (1a)    Outer cladding (4)    Seal portion (4a)    Positive electrode terminal (5)    Guard plate (7)
NOVELTY - The positive and negative electrodes are welded to one end of terminal portion (10). The lead terminals (8,9) are connected to other end of terminal portion. The lead terminals are drawn out of case (7). The S-shaped bending portion is connected to terminal portion.    USE - For e.g. polymer electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE - The bending portion prevents disconnecting of lead terminals as shock is not transferred to lead terminals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of flat battery.    Case (7)    Lead terminal (8,9)    Terminal portion (10)
NOVELTY - Nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprises a positive and a negative electrodes, and an isolated object. The isolated object has a layer comprising solid polymer electrolyte and a layer of thermoplastic high molecular compound having vicat softening temperature below 100degreesC. A layer of solid polymer electrolyte is preferably present above thermoplastic layer.    USE - For electronic appliances.    ADVANTAGE - Handling is easy, manufacturing process is simple and the mechanical strength of isolation is increased. Shutdown function is performed effectively and immediately when internal short circuit is occurred due to high temperature. Inflammation and firing of the circuit are prevented hence very safe to use.
NOVELTY - A metallizing thin film (2) of inorganic oxide and a coating film (1) made of fluorine group resin, are laminated on a resin film (3). A pollution protection layer (5) and an ultra-violet absorber layer (6) are provided to either one surface or both sides of the multilayer structure (4) which consists of the films (1-3).    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Long performance degradation is suppressed to minimum by the strong properties such as light resistance, heat resistant and water resistance. Excels in protection capability property, and dirt resistance degree. Hence the surface protection sheet is manufactured safely and is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of surface protection sheet for solar battery modules.    Coating film (1)    Metallizing thin film (2)    Resin film (3)    Multilayer structure (4)    Pollution protection layer (5)    UV absorber layer (6)
NOVELTY - A fluorine group resin sheet (1) is laminated with a coating film (3) a metal oxide film (2) and ethylene-vinyl-alcohol copolymer film (4) sequentially on one side to form a multilayer body (5). Pollution absorption layer (6) and/or ultraviolet absorber layer (7) are formed on one or both sides of the multilayer body.    USE - For protecting surface of solar battery module from light, heat, water, dampers and dirt.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in surface protection capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sketchy sectional view of surface protection sheet for solar battery module.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Metal oxide film (2)    Coating film (3)    Copolymer film (4)    Multilayer body (5)    Pollution absorption layer (6)    Ultraviolet absorber layer (7)
NOVELTY - A coating film (1) made of resin composite which includes fluorine group resin as principal component, and metallic thin film (2) made of inorganic oxide are laminated via coating film (3) made of ethylene-vinyl-alcohol copolymer. A resin film (4) is formed below the film (2). A pollution protection layer (6) and/or UV absorption layer (7) are formed on both sides of multilayered body (5).    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents penetration of water component, oxygen, thereby raising damp proof property. Protects the surface of module from getting stained due to accumulation of dust.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of surface protection sheet.    Metallic thin film (2)    Coating film (3)    Resin film (4)    Multilayered body (5)    Protection layer (6)    Ultraviolet absorption layer (7)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen occluding alloy powder, that is contained in the anode of alkaline secondary cells, shows 0.05-5.0 emu/m2 of increase in saturation magnetization after dipping it into aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (temperature 60 degreesC) for 96 hours from that after dipping it in the same condition for 24 hours.    USE - Used as the anode of alkaline secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - This method is able to raise the discharge capacity of the cells in their early stage of charge and discharge cycles and also lengthen their life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Main crystal phase of the alloy is not CaCu5 type and its composition is (Ln(1-x)Mgx(Ni(1-y)Ty)z.    Ln = at least one element from lanthanoid, Ca, Sr, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, and Hf;    T = at least one element from Li, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P, and B;    x = larger than zero and less than 1;    y = equal to or larger than zero and equal to or less than 0.5;    z = equal to or larger than 2.5 and equal to or less than 4.5.
NOVELTY - Outer covering of thin batteries containing the electricity generation element, is made of a laminated sheet (1) which consists of metal and resin layer formed in shape of waves.    USE - For IC cards.    ADVANTAGE - The outer covering of the batteries have elasticity and so can be easily bent and can be easily inserted into the narrow space of the electronic machine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outer covering for thin batteries.    Laminated sheet (1)
NOVELTY - Production of polymer solid electrolyte by polymerizing in the presence of a peroxy ester.    USE - The polymer solid electrolyte is useful for lithium secondary battery etc.    ADVANTAGE - A homogeneous solid electrolyte having no remaining bubbles can be produced with very high productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of polymer solid electrolyte in which:    (A) a polyalkylene glycol type monomer having two or more ethylenic unsaturated double bonds is polymerized and cured; in the presence of    (B) a lithium salt; and    (C) a solvent, wherein the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a peroxy ester.    The peroxy ester is represented by formulae (I) or (II).    R1, R2, R3 = hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon residual group;at least one of R1,R2 and R3 is an alkyl having 2 or more carbon atoms or aryl;    R4, R5, R41, R51 = alkyl or aryl;    R11 = an alkyl having 2 or more carbon atoms or aryl.
NOVELTY - A fuel battery laminate (1) has a solid polymer electrolyte film, cooling water tanks (13a,13b) and a combustor (12). Fuel waste gas containing hydrogen, and oxidizing agent waste gas containing oxygen, are passed through these tanks, to enable removal of reaction heat.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Water content in the waste gases are effectively recovered. The fuel battery is compact and user friendly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cooling system of the battery.    fuel battery laminate (1)    Combustor (12)    Cooling water tanks (13a,13b)
NOVELTY - The battery system has a bipolar membrane (8) that is made of permeable vaporization film (4) and reverse osmosis or ultra-filtration membrane (3). Water which is selectively permeable through membrane (3) is carried out to film where it is evaporated. Water supplied from membrane (3) side humidifies reactive gas supplied from film (4) side.    USE - For supplying heating and oxidizing agent gas to battery stack.    ADVANTAGE - Even if reactive gas is humidified by humidifying water containing impurities, the humidification is carried out moderately without damaging solid polymer electrolyte film. Hence battery property is improved and battery is run stably for long time period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of the basic composition of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Ultra-filtration membrane (3)    Vaporization film (4)    Bipolar membrane (8)
NOVELTY - The composition includes hot formed mixture of graphite powder and polyphenyl sulfide (PPS) resin. Press forming or extrusion molding is employed for hot forming of mixture.    USE - For phosphoric acid fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in battery characteristics and mechanical strength. Reduces manufacturing cost by using cheap resin material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of phosphoric acid fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of press forming process.
NOVELTY - An uniaxial stretching resin film laminate (1) having mean tear load or maximum tear load of 1 kgf or more in all the tear directions, is provided to the whole surface or whole circumference of the bag.    USE - For thin shape batteries such as lithium ion secondary battery in electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - Since generation of hydrofluoric acid harmful for human body is eliminated, safety is increased. Open sealing is not made by the person's hand, since the resin film laminate is provided to the whole surface of the bag.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of bag.    Uniaxial stretching resin film laminate (1)
NOVELTY - Outer covering for lithium ion secondary battery which contains the electricity generation element is made up of a sheet material (1) which consists of a resin layer (3) on which aluminum foils (2) are distributed.    USE - For lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The gas barrier property of the outer covering of the battery is improved and the covering has good elasticity as the covering is made up of a sheet material which consists of a resin layer on which aluminum foils are distributed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of the sheet material for the outer covering of lithium secondary ion battery.    Sheet material (1)    Aluminum foils (2)    Resin layer (3)
NOVELTY - Outer covering of thin batteries containing the electricity generation element, is made of a laminated sheet (1) which consists of a metal layer (2) and sealant layer (3) over which insulating aluminum oxide particles (5) are distributed.    USE - In various electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The possibility of short circuits in the metal part of lead wire and the metal layer of laminated sheet is prevented. Also the manufacturing cost of the laminated sheet is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the outer covering of thin shape batteries.    Laminated sheet (1)    Metal layer (2)    Sealant layer (3)    Insulating aluminum oxide particles (5)
NOVELTY - A graphite sheet comprises 70-85 weight percent (wt.%) graphite powder having mean particle diameter of 1-30 microns, 7-20 wt.% nature fiber of a cellulose and 7-20 wt.% phenol resin having weight average molecular weight of 1000000 or less. The graphite sheet has an electric specific resistance of 200 mOMEGAcm and permeability of less than 1x10-4 cc/cm2/sec/atm.    USE - For use as collector sheet or as inter connector sheet for use in solid polymeric type fuel batteries such as secondary battery and fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The graphite sheet has low electric specific resistance and permeability. The graphite sheet can be baked even at a low temperature. The graphite sheet is manufactured by simple method and is inexpensive. Mechanical strength of graphite sheet is high and excels in handling property when used as collector sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) manufacture of graphite sheet which involves laminating 1 or more graphite sheets and baking for more than 10 minutes at 220-400degreesC by applying pressure of 5 kg/cm2 or more; (ii) manufacture of electroconductive composite sheet which involves laminating one or more metal sheets or graphite sheet with a conductive molding board and baking at 220-400degreesC for 10 minutes by applying pressure of 5 kg/cm2 or more iii) conductive composite sheet which comprises integrate lamination a sheet of paper with a conductive molding board containing metal sheet or graphite and baking. The conductive composite sheet has very low electrical resistance and permeability.
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte consists of acrylic rubber with cross-linked structure, a non-aqueous solvent and an alkali metal salt. The cross-linking density of acryl rubber is 1.0x10-5 mol/cc or more. Non-aqueous solvent is chosen from gamma-lactones, ester and ether.    USE - For high energy density batteries such as lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Has excellent mechanical strength. Achieves increase in ion conductivity with excellent retention.
NOVELTY - The separator of solids (34) preceding a gear pump (30) in a heating system, in particular, a solar heating system with a drain-back facility is characterized by the fact that the separator housing is made of a material damping noise pulses from the gear pump.    USE - For separation of solids from water before it enters the gear pump of the heating system.    ADVANTAGE - The separator of solids additionally attenuates the noise produced by operation of the gear pump.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a solar heating system with the proposed separator of solids.    Solar heat collector (10)    Heat storage tank (20)    Gear pump (30)    Temperature sensors (31, 32)    Control unit (33)    Separator of solids (34)    Water storage tank (40)    Pressure relief valve (41)
NOVELTY - The face and roof absorber elements comprise hard-foam sound and heat insulating plates which are provided with groove patterns for accommodation of plastic pipes serving as conduits for a heat carrier fluid.    USE - For capture of solar energy for heating purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The absorber elements have a long working life (30-50 years), and can cope with large temperature variations.
NOVELTY - Process involves molding plates from active material that has in its composition manganese dioxide, soot, fluoroplastic, and organic solvent, their air drying to evaporate solvent, press-fitting on perforated metal collector at specific pressure of 500 to 1000 kgf/sq. cm for 10-50 s, followed by heat treatment of finished plate.    USE - Electrical engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Improved mechanical strength of plate.
NOVELTY - A film is obtained by applying film deposition to a crosslinking agent-containing clear flexible resin composition. The film is embossed.    USE - The sealing film is used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the recessed and projected portions exerts sufficient cushioning. This prevents a cell from breakage in the sealing process. The sealing film effectively prevents the cell from damage caused by pressing the sealing film against the cell in the sealing process. The solar battery is produced in high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The depth of each recessed and projected portion formed by embossing is 15 microns or higher.
NOVELTY - The sealing film (1) is obtained by laminating a cover film (2) on a soft resin composite film (3). Sheets of paper (4) which absorb deposits formed on sealing film, are interposed among sealing films such that sequences of sealing film with papers in between is formed to obtain the multi layer structure.    USE - For sealing film of solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Since the breeds deposited on the sealing film during storage or transportation are absorbed by the sheets of paper, multi layer sealing film with excellent surface characteristics is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional perspective view of the multi layer structure of the sealing film.    Sealing film (1)    Cover film (2)    Composite film (3)    Paper (4)
NOVELTY - A solar collector comprises a ventilated housing with rear and/or side wall thermal insulation, and a radiation transparent front cover. Plate shaped absorbers are located between the cover and the insulation. Ventilation is via at least two channels (8) at opposite corners of the housing (1). Mouldings or inserts are used with a defined cross section, and utilize the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the housing to produce an air flow to prevent overheating of the heat carrier medium.    USE - The arrangement is used as a solar collector.    ADVANTAGE - The collector is simple and efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the channels    channels (8)    housing (1)    .
NOVELTY - A gelating agent comprises a cross-linked polymer being prepared by an aqueous solution polymerization method or a reverse phase suspension polymerization method and having a unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid and/or an alkali metal salt as the major constituent unit and satisfies requirements (1) and (2).    USE - The gelating agent can be effectively used for producing an alkaline cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gelating agent can be effectively used for producing an alkaline cell which is extremely excellent in the durability of discharge and in impact resistance, is improved in the anti-dripping property of an electrolyte solution and thus can correspond to the rapid charge of an electrolyte solution, and is reduced in the variability of the amounts of electrolyte solutions charged and thus can be produced with uniformity in quality also in mass production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gelating agent satisfies requirements (1) and (2) comprising: (1) The gelating agent contains such particles that will have a particle diameter of 300 to 4,000 microns when it is swelled in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution of 40 wt.% concentration in an amount of 50 wt.% or more; (2) an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution of 40 wt.% concentration added with the 3 wt.% of gelating agent has a spinnability of 0 to 20 mm; and a cell using the gelating agent.
NOVELTY - Film deposition is applied to a clear flexible resin composition. The clear flexible resin composition contains a clear filler.    USE - The sealing film is used in the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The clear filler exerts light scattering. The sealing film provides irregular reflection to light passed through the space between cells, or the cells. The resulting light is incident on the cells again. The use of the sealing film enhances the utilization factor of the light incident on the solar battery to enhance power generation efficiency.
NOVELTY - A battery case is formed of a resin composition of 95 - 60 wt.% block copolymer of propylene and other alpha - olefin, and 5 - 40 wt.% ethylene - alpha-olefin copolymer having physical characteristics (A) MFR 0.1 - 50 g/10 minute; and (B) maximum peak of an elution curve obtained by temperature increase elution fractionation is at 15 - 85degrees, and value of H/W is at least 2, where H is peak height and W is width width of the peak at 1/3H.    USE - This battery is useful in an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - Maintenance is facilitated and both mechanical strength and chemical resistance are both provided.
NOVELTY - A positive electrode paste is applied on both sides of a collector, dried and press formed to form positive electrode. A negative electrode paste is applied on both sides of a collector, dried and press formed to form negative electrode. A polymer electrolyte material is coated on one or both sides of positive and/or negative electrode, press formed to form polymer electrolyte layer.    USE - For electronic components.    ADVANTAGE - Winning of air between electrodes and electrolyte is suppressed. Cyclic life of battery is improved. Damaging or crushing of polymer electrolyte layer is prevented.
NOVELTY - An antifreeze heater (11) burns the hot gas with oxidizing agent gas, and heats the antifreeze agent with the reaction heat in combustor. A supply unit supplies combustion waste gas ejected from heater to hot gas supply path (6) or oxidizing agent gas supply path (7) of solid state polymeric type fuel battery stack (1).    USE - Solid state polymeric type fuel battery based electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables starting electricity generation system of compact structure safely within short time at high efficiency even when surrounding temperature is below 0 degrees C, since antifreeze agent is heated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model drawing of fuel battery based electricity generation system.    Fuel battery stack (1)    Hot gas supply path (6)    Oxidizing agent gas supply path (7)    Antifreeze heater (11)
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous secondary battery has negative electrode material-containing sheets (negative electrode sheets), positive active material-containing sheets (positive electrode sheets), and a nonaqueous electrolyte.    USE - The nonaqueous secondary battery is used in electronic devices, clocks, electronic flashes, cameras, medical devices etc.    ADVANTAGE - The nonaqueous secondary battery has superior overcharge safety, no electrolyte leakage, ordinary temperature operation. The lithium metal under charge and discharge has suppressed dendritic growth.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive electrode active material consists of a metal oxide or a metal sulfide containing at least one atom selected from vanadium, copper, iron, titanium, molybdenum, and chromium, and substantially containing no lithium related to charge and discharge. A metal foil using lithium as its major constituent is previously stuck to each negative electrode sheet. The nonaqueous electrolyte consists of a gel electrolyte containing an organic polymer, an aprotic solvent, and an ammonium salt, alkali metal, or alkaline earth metal salt.
NOVELTY - Modular batteries are held by adhesive in tiers within an inner casing (43d) such that the terminals extend through holes (46) in the sides of the casing. The casing is in two mirror image halves with the interlocking edges (43e) formed into an crest and wave pattern joined with adhesive. The casing has cooling air inlet and outlet ducts (50a and 51a) that extend through an outer casing    USE - In a hybrid driving system e.g. in conjunction with an internal combustion engine in a car or boat    ADVANTAGE - Outer casing relieves inner casing and modular batteries from stress, insulates against external heat gain or loss and allows control circuitry to be located within itself. Cooling air ducted around the batteries improves efficiency and may be ducted through the outer casing    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the battery including a cooling air suction unit and where modular batteries may be stacked in multiple tiers with progressively fewer batteries per tier from upper to lower tiers    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Perspective view of an inner casing half viewed from the inside    Inner casing (43d)    Interlocking edge (43e)    Inlet cooling air duct (50a)    Outlet cooling air duct (51a)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell is produced by placing conducting wires between plates of the cell, and applying a force for pressing these plates so that they will penetrate through the insulating materials of the wires.    USE - For use in e.g. solar panels.    ADVANTAGE - Electrochemical cells are firstly formed with electrical and chemical protection of the connections in the same operative step. There is a reduction in needs for high temperature and vacuum environment so that expensive processing equipment are avoided. The wire and the separating barrier, between the cells in a multi-cell assembly, are chemically protected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of an electrochemical cell, which has plates (1, 4) for forming walls of the cell comprises placing conducting wires (7, 9) that are coated with an insulating material, between first (1) and second (4) plates. The second plate is oriented so that its conducting layer (6) contacts the coated wires. A force (F) is then applied for pressing the plates together with a magnitude that allows the plates to penetrate through the insulating materials of the wires, thus, bringing the conducting wires in electrical connection with the conducting layer of the second plate. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the electrochemical cell having plates with conducting layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective cutout view of the consecutive step of the invention where the conducting glass are pressed together.    First plate (1)    First conducting layer (3)    Second plate (4)    Second conducting layer (6)    Coated metal wires (7, 9)    Force (F)
NOVELTY - The pure cooling water supplied to a fuel battery (1) with a main pump (4) from a main tank (2) is cooled with a heat exchanger (5). A main piping (3), sub-piping (11) and sub-pump (12) are provided for pure cooling water circulation. An ion removal filter (6) in the sub-piping removes the conductive ion in pure cooling water and maintains the conductive ion concentration less than predefined value.    USE - For removing conductive ion in pure cooling water supplied to solid polymeric type fuel battery of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since concentration of conductive ion is maintained less than predefined value, the main piping allows necessary rate of flow of pure cooling water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of fuel battery run system.    Fuel battery (1)    Main tank (2)    Main piping (3)    Main pump (4)    Heat exchanger (5)    Ion removal filter (6)    Sub-piping (11)    Sub-pump (12)
NOVELTY - Sealing material in solar battery module comprises copolymer or ionomer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid which contains 4 weight percent (wt.%) or more of unsaturated carboxylic acid. The sealing material has melting point of 85degreesC or more.    USE - For sealing solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing material excels in adhesive property, transparency and heat resistance. Deformation or impairing of exterior of solar battery at high temperature at the time of usage of battery module is prevented by sealing material. Use of additives is eliminated. Productivity of the module is increased and manufacturing cost of the module is reduced sharply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module using sealing material.
NOVELTY - A battery cell electrolyte including a main solvent and a co-solvent such as dioxolane.    USE - For use in secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery cell of the invention exhibit improved cycling performance over cells not containing dioxolane. Moreover, the dioxolane treatment does not negatively impact sulfur utilization and improves the lithium's electrochemical function as the negative electrode in the battery cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery cell electrolyte having a main solvent of the formula R1(CH2CH2O)nR2, and a co-solvent , comprising no more than 30 vol.% of the electrolyte solvent mixture, comprising dioxolane.    R1 and R2 = alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkyl (alkoxy);    n = 1-10.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (1) a method of making a protected lithium electrode battery cell by treating a lithium material with dioxolane to form a negative electrode having a protective film; forming a positive electrode comprising an electrochemically active material; and combining the negative and positive electrodes with an electrolyte following the treating of the lithium material;    (2) a negative electrode comprising a lithium material; and a film coating the lithium material. The film is formed by treating the material with dioxolane prior to incorporation of the electrode into a battery cell.
NOVELTY - A solar module, having conductor lines (6) and flexible cell fixing spacers on only one of two glass substrates (2, 3), is new.    USE - As a solar module of the type described in DE4128766.    ADVANTAGE - The module has a simple design so that its production costs are reduced by one-third or more compared with conventional modules, can be reused after glass breakage or the like, allows simple replacement of individual solar cells, is weather protected and has little or no sensitivity to stresses in the glass substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar module has two glass substrates (2, 3) joined by an edge sealing spacer frame and enclosing an air-filled interspace (11) containing solar cells (7) which are spaced from the substrates and which are electrically connected by conductor lines. The conductor lines and flexible cell fixing spacers, respectively, are applied on only one of the substrates.    Preferred Features: The interspace (11) is hermetically sealed by the spacer frame and two elastic seals (16, 17).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar module according to the invention.    Glass substrates (2, 3)    Solar cell (7)    Solder bridges (10)    Interspace (11)    Spacer (15)    Seals (16, 17)
NOVELTY - When the detected voltage of fuel battery (1) is larger than a threshold, the supply capability of oxidation gas supplier is increased by a controller (5) so that supply amount of gas is increased.    USE - Solid polymer type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - Materializes high efficiency run and size reduction of fuel battery system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a program product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery system.    Fuel battery (1)    Controller (5)
NOVELTY - The modifier is equipped with a modifying part which converts methanol or dimethyl ether to hydrogen using a modifying catalyst. The modifying part consists of a corrugated fin (2) pinched between modifying catalyst sheets (1,3) comprising copper and zinc as modifying catalyst. The raw material gas is made to pass through the corrugated fin.    USE - For movable fuel battery used for electric vehicles and general power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier consists of catalyst thin sheet and corrugated fin therefore, time for filling is shortened. The methanol and dimethyl ether can be effectively converted to hydrogen. The modifier is compact. The CO concentration can be reduced effectively. The gas seal sheet prevents short circuit leakage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows flow path sectional drawing and composition of catalyst thin film laminate.    Modifying sheets (1,2)    Corrugated fin (2)    Seal sheet (5)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte battery comprises an elongate anode and cathode opposed to each other, having solid electrolyte layers on them. The electrodes are laminated such that the electrolyte layers are opposite each other and wound in the longitudinal direction. The electrolyte layers are integrated to be continuous.    USE - For electrical apparatus, e.g. camcorders, portable telephones and portable computers.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high energy density and good heat-load resistance, and is capable of preventing lithium deposition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also given for a method of forming the above battery, which includes heat treating the wound electrodes to integrate the electrolyte layers together.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the wound electrodes.
NOVELTY - Heat exchanger unit has at least one heat absorbing surface (5) and a chamber system (4) which is thermally coupled to it and through which a heat-absorbing or supplying liquid can flow. It is made from a cellulose-containing material which has a coating which is impermeable to the liquid, at least in those areas which come into contact with it.    USE - The solar absorber is useful for desalination of sea water (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Because of the use of the cellulose-containing material, which is preferably cardboard, the unit is cheap and is therefore suitable for manufacture in developing countries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the use of the unit with a sunlight-absorbing layer as a solar absorber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the heat exchanger unit.    Chamber system (4)    Heat-absorbing layer (5)
NOVELTY - Organic-polymer carrier materials are coated with an active layer at 400-600degrees C in a plasma. The carrier material has a thickness of 90-120 microns and is made of a polymer material having a glass transition temperature of at least 90degrees C. The applied layer has a thickness of 2-7 microns.    USE - In the manufacture of thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer carrier material is not damaged at high temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell having a photovolatic active layer on a polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate carrier.
NOVELTY - A terminal (11) made of metallic sheet material, is placed on a base sheet or on a current collector (10) made of an electroconductive fibrous material. Pressure activated, heat activated or radiation activated acrylic adhesive tapes (12,16) are contacted on collector with their adhesive layers (14,17) facing the collector. By applying pressure to tapes, the terminal is bonded and retained on collector.    USE - For use in earth metal batteries, electrochemical device.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents delamination of electrochemical devices and has good electrical conductivity characteristics. Electrochemical devices is of high durability and lightweight. Electrochemical devices enhances mass feasible production, which is fast, economical and easy to use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded view of the product of electrochemical devices.    Current collector (10)    Terminal (11)    Adhesive tapes (12,16)    Adhesive layers (14,17)
NOVELTY - Solar heater has liquid-filled tank with inlet and outlet branch pipes, overlaid with one or two layers of optically transparent insulation (glass or cellophane) from side of falling sun rays positioned with air gap relative to surface of tray floating in tank, facing it and absorbing energy of sun rays. One or several perforated flanges with pipe connections are installed on tray bottom surface which contacts liquid. Inlet end of flexible hose is set on every pipe connection, and outlet end of hose is coupled to at least one of outlet branch pipes of tank.    USE - Household washing units, shower sets, hot-water supply systems of buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Higher rate of liquid heating. 6 cl, 2 dwg
NOVELTY - Converter has semiconductor plate whose rear surface is coated with solder layer and effective front surface carries current-collecting metal contacts and silicone adhesive layer used to attach safety glass coating to plate; novelty is that safety coating is made of alkali- free aluminophosphate glass to build up internal electric field due to ionizing radiation; outer surface of safety coating is covered with water repelling film, 0.5 to 15 mcm thick. This ensures more than two-fold increase service life of solar battery operating under conditions of electronic ionizing radiation and 1.5-fold decrease in rate of radiation degradation of converter, as well as long-time stability of internal electric field.    USE - Solar-to- electric energy conversion.    ADVANTAGE - Improved life of solar battery and stability of internal field; reduced pollution of safety glass coating. 1 cl, 3 dwg
NOVELTY - The battery element (4) comprising alternately laminated anode and cathode materials, is loaded by twisting operation, in an accommodation portion (11). The accommodation portion is formed by laminating composite sheets (6) comprising alternately laminated metal and synthetic resin layers.    USE - For portable electronic device. Also for backup in personal computer, word processor.    ADVANTAGE - Since composite sheet comprising metal and synthetic resin layer is used, gas barrier property and water, air penetration prevention property is improved. Since the battery element is loaded by twisting operation, mass secondary battery is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anode and cathode materials of the battery element are individually connected to a collector (5) and laminated alternately through fluid electrolyte layer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of composite sheet.    Battery element (4)    Collector (5)    Composite sheet (6)    Accommodation portion (11)
NOVELTY - The substrate is made of polyamide material. A mask layer (5) made of polyamideimide, polyimide or poly benzimidazole material is formed on the substrate.    USE - For photoelectric converter e.g. thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The composition of substrate and mask layer, increases heat resistance of mask layer, and avoids generation of gas during thin film formation under process temperature. Improves peelability of mask layer and eases formation of thin film of desired pattern.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mask layer is formed on insulating substrate (1). A thin film of predetermined pattern is formed on the substrate and mask layer, after which the mask layer is peeled off from the surface of the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the part of photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Mask layer (5)
NOVELTY - Stiffened light-metal roof plates (1) are provided with transparent heat insulation panels (2) and either with plastic hard-foam plates or with a reflecting sheet-metal lining (4). All resulting joints are weather-proofed with use of known materials.    USE - For capture of solar energy for purposes of heating buildings (in particular, buildings with large rooms).    ADVANTAGE - Entire roof area can be utilized for capture of solar energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of the proposed roof.    Stiffened light-metal plate (1)    Transparent heat insulation panels (2)    Polyethylene piping system (3)    Sheet-metal lining (4)
NOVELTY - House wall facing plate for heating or cooling purposes, comprises a base plate and a transparent heat insulation panel in combination with a plastic hard-foam heat insulation plate, comprises the base plate of a light-metal plate coated with heat conducting and reflecting materials. Additionally the base plate is provided with a seating for accommodation of polyethylene piping.    USE - For utilization of solar energy.    ADVANTAGE - Heating and cooling of buildings are made possible with use of new materials without undue technical complexity and cost.
NOVELTY - A non-woven web comprises several fibers having average length of more than 5 mm (long fibers) along x- and y-directions and several fibers having average length of less than 3 mm (short fibers) along z-direction. At least 20 weight% of fiber has average length of less than 3 mm to the total weight of fiber. The non-woven web has density of 0.1-0.35 g/cm3.    USE - For use in electrochemical device such as fuel cell which comprises gas diffusion electrode comprising gas diffusion substrate (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The novel porous substrate web maintains strength and flexibility of non-woven carbon fiber network substrate and retains good gas diffusion property, and also has high water management properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) the preparation of a non-woven web as above which comprises:    (a) dispersing the longer and shorter fibers in a solution to form a slurry;    (b) adding one or more polymers (A) to the slurry;    (c) draining the liquid from the slurry to form a web, or forming a continuous structure by the controlled deposition of the slurry onto a moving bed mesh;    (d) drying the web;    (e) optionally placing the web in a solution of polymer (B);    (f) drying the web; and    (g) heat treating the web;    (ii) a gas diffusion substrate which comprises non-woven web and filler material;    (iii) a gas diffusion electrode which comprises gas diffusion substrate and electrocatalyst material; and    (iv) a membrane electrode assembly which comprises a gas diffusion electrode, a second gas diffusion electrode (which may or may not be a electrode) and a solid polymer membrane.
NOVELTY - A rechargeable thin film battery, employing a proton conductive polymer as electrolyte, is new.    USE - As a Zn/MnO2 battery for portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a low weight, a total thickness of not more than 100 mu and an energy density of 150-200 Wh./kg, allows high charge/discharge levels of its active materials, exhibits no loss in capacity over 40 cycles at 70% discharge, can operate at above 50degreesC, has a long life and can be fully recycled by conventional processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The cathode consists of manganese dioxide and the anode consists of zinc and zinc sulfide, both being molded using a proton conductive polymers.
NOVELTY - A capacitor cell comprises anode (130) containing tantalum and surface(s) of the anode coated with tantalum oxide (dielectric layer), an electrolyte and a cathode (150) with organic material. The organic material contains carbon and the electrolyte comprises sulfuric acid. Alternatively, the anode contains titanium with surface(s) coated with titanium oxide.    USE - For rechargeable battery and electrochemical capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The capacitor has excellent power burst capabilities and rapid electrical response. The size of the capacitor is reduced with improved energy density. The anode corrosion and decay of the cell voltage is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic representation of circuit model of electrolytic capacitor.    Circuit model (101)    Resistors (110, 120, 140)    Anode (130)    Cathode (150)    Inductor (160)
(KR99066183-A)   NOVELTY - An electrode binder consists of a polyvinylidene fluoride type homopolymer and copolymer in an equal composition.    USE - For lithium ion secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The binder has sufficient adhesive strength. Charging and discharging of the battery is improved. Fluid characteristic of the slurry is improved which results in the improved quality of the electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of active material slurry used in lithium ion secondary batteries.
NOVELTY - A resin package (3) has a thin film (3a) with bursting prevention function and a metal plate (4) with a vent (4a). The damage due to incorrect usage of battery is prevented by providing rough surface (3b) to the resin package side which faces the metal plate.    USE - For heavy contact current applications such as head phone stereo, radio cassette recorder, portable mini disk (MD) player, portable telephone and notebook personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Since rough surface is provided to resin package, the cell does not burst during heavy current charging by incorrect usage. So it is suitable for heavy current and high safety is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional and top views of cylindrical alkaline cell.    Resin package (3)    Thin film (3a)    Rough surface (3b)    Metal plate (4)    Vent (4a)
NOVELTY - The secondary battery has positive and negative electrode materials which are coupled electrically by a collector (5) and are laminated through a non fluid electrolyte. A rigid material (10) is connected to periphery of the battery element (4) which contains an ionic metal component. The outer surface is sealed by a synthetic resin film (11).    USE - For portable electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The secondary battery excels in durability. Deterioration of battery element is not observed when a load is applied, as the rigid material is connected to periphery of the battery element. Since composite film having metal layers and synthetic resin layer is laminated, gas barrier property of secondary battery is high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the secondary battery coated with synthetic resin film.    Battery element (4)    Collector (5)    Rigid material (10)    Synthetic resin film (11)
NOVELTY - In case of bag type alkaline Ni-Cd batteries perforations of bands are coated by a 6% aq. soln. of poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone, complete with simultaneous application of a Ni coated, conducting carbon-fibre net.    USE -   Improved bands of bag type alkaline Ni-CD batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   This leads to a significant improvement of electrical characteristics, an increase of useful life-span cycles and allows the use of higher operating temps.
NOVELTY - A binder composition for lithium ion secondary battery electrodes comprises: (1) particles of a polymer having structural units derived from (a) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic ester monomer (A), and (b) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer (B) and/or a conjugated diene monomer (C); dispersed in (2) an organic medium which has 80-350degreesC b.pt. at normal pressure.    USE - For slurries for lithium ion secondary battery electrodes (claimed), lithium ion secondary battery electrodes (claimed), and lithium ion secondary batteries (claimed); e.g. for power sources for portable telephones and note-type personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The composition gives batteries with excellent binding to the collector, high capacity and excellent charge-discharge characteristics at high temperatures such as 65degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A binder composition for lithium ion secondary battery electrodes comprises: (1) particles of a polymer having structural units derived from (a) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic ester monomer (A), and (b) a mono-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer (B) and/or a conjugated diene monomer (C); dispersed in (2) an organic dispersion medium which has 80-350degreesC b.pt. at normal pressure. The polymer has: (i) (99-60)/(1-40) wt. ratio of ((A))/((B)+(C)); (ii) at least 80 wt.% total (A), (B) and (C) w.r.t. all structural units; and (iii) essentially no units derived from mono-ethylenic aromatic hydrocarbon monomers.
NOVELTY - Non-aqueous electrolyte battery has a positive and negative electrode and porous polymeric electrolyte film contains thermally stable polymer compound whose glass transition temperature is more than 200degreesC.    USE - For power production.    ADVANTAGE - Since the porous polymeric electrolyte film contains thermally stable polymeric compound, mechanical strength of the film is increased. Handling and manufacturing process becomes easy and simple. The battery has high discharge capacity. There is not reduction in the electric conductivity of a porous polymeric electrolyte film since the amount of thermally stable polymer compound contained in the film is adjusted. The shape of a porous solid polymeric electrolyte film is maintained at original state even when there is internal short circuit is caused by battery at high temperature. The inflammation, firing of a battery is inhibited and highly safe secondary battery is obtained.
NOVELTY - An electrolytic solution consists of a basic solvent capable of dissolving alkali metal salt and halogenated polyolefin.    USE - For electrochemical apparatuses such as secondary battery (claimed) and also for primary batteries, an electrical double layer capacitor, electrolytic capacitor or sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The outflow and vaporization of the electrolyte are inhibited which provides an excellent secondary battery with high output, stability and safety. The electrolytic solution has high ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the secondary battery. A secondary battery consists of positive and negative electrode connected through a electrolytic solution (basic solvent), capable of dissolving alkali metal salt and halogenated polyolefin.
NOVELTY - The safety valve is mounted airtight in a hole formed by press-stamping at a location where maximum possibility of cleavage exists. When the internal pressure inside the battery exceeds specified value, the valve opens to release excessive pressure.    USE - For battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents explosion of battery as safety valve is mounted in hole at location where maximum possibility of crack exists.
NOVELTY - If hot water temperature near ceiling of an inner tank (22) as detected by a thermostatic valve (23) exceeds constant temperature value, hot water near a heat exchanger (12) is extracted out. A feed pipe attached in bottom of inner tank replenishes equal amount of cold water. The built-in heat exchanger is installed at lower portion of inner tank.    USE - For solar heater, for supply of hot water.    ADVANTAGE - Does not reduce strength of inner tank due to piercing of ceiling for fitting thermostatic valve, since the inner tank is layered with reinforced resin material. Prevents hot water storage tank from damage by exchanging hot water externally, since equal amount is replenished by cold water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thermosensor which emits temperature of the hot water near the ceiling portion is inserted in a tube (31). The tube is inserted into the inner tank from the ceiling portion and is made to extend upto the heat exchanger. The thermostatic valve installed with thermosensor (23a), is fixed to the upper end of the tube. The cylindrical inner tank is blow molded and coated with a fiber reinforced resin layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective cross-sectional view of hot water storage tank.    Heat exchanger (12)    Inner tank (22)    Thermostatic valve (23)    Thermosensor (23a)    Tube (31)
NOVELTY - A cell case having an airtight structure performs heat welding and sealing of the metal laminated resin film (2). The cell containing positive electrode board (5), isolation object and negative electrode plate (6) is pressurized using tabular unit and pressure unit.    USE - For portable electronic machines such as radio telephone, personal computer and video camera.    ADVANTAGE - The battery pack is light weight, thin, excels in discharge property and maintains constant distance between anode board and cathode plate, while pressing using tabular and pressure units. The energy density per weight of the battery pack can be increased when compared to conventional battery pack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Metal lamination resin film (2)    Positive electrode board (5)    Negative electrode plate (6)
NOVELTY - Process for the recovery of solar energy comprises using a thin layer solar cell (1) and removing thermal energy using an air heat exchanger or a water heat exchanger below the cell. A heat insulating upper cover (5.1) is placed above the cell.    USE - Used is solar cells for recovering solar energy by the combined conversion into electrical and thermal energy.    ADVANTAGE - Removal of thermal energy to the surroundings through the upper cover is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar cell used in the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a thin layer hybrid module.    solar cell (1)    heat insulating upper cover (5.1)
NOVELTY - The accumulator includes casing, shockproof cushion, electrode pillar, busbar, negative pole plate, diaphragm and positive pole plate. It features the covered and sealed casing, the high-voltage protective polyethylene jacket for the upper and lower ends of positive pole plate, and the diaphragm of ultrafine glass fibre. It is superior to available ones in that it needs no water and acid make-up and specific gravity measurement, produces no acid fog in use and has long service life.
NOVELTY - The portable compact versatile solar energy generator has a support (7) and a fastener (6) below a light fitting (5) and a solar panel (1). A timed photosensitive charge regulator gives automatic programming and improves control of the battery (not shown). The panel (1) is hinged and the light fitting rotates through 360 degrees.    USE -   For use in areas without mains electricity.
NOVELTY - A solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell comprises catalyst layers disposed on the opposite faces of a solid polyelectrolyte consisting of ion-exchange membranes, and collectors disposed on outer sides of the layers, wherein the collects are made of a porous sheet with its surface coated with a solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer without any ion-exchange groups.    USE - The process is for making solid polymer-type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a long-lasting water-repellent, low-resistant collector, which is operable with high, stable output efficiency for an extended period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell comprises catalyst layers disposed on the opposite faces of a solid polyelectrolyte consisting of ion-exchange membranes, and collectors disposed on outer sides of the layers, wherein the collects are made of a porous sheet with its surface coated with a solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer without any ion-exchange groups. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing the cells comprising applying catalyst layers on both faces of the solid polyelectrolyte and placing at their outside collectors consisting of a porous sheet, wherein the collectors are obtained by impregnating or spraying the porous sheet with a solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer substantially without ion-exchange groups.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises film-electrode units, each including a solid polymer electrolyte on a film between a fuel electrode and an air electrode, and the film-electrode units are stacked with separators between them. The separator is composed of a metal-nonmetal composite, which includes a fuel gas channel, an oxidant channel, and a coolant channel.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises a plurality of film-electrode units, each including solid polymer electrolyte on film between a fuel electrode and an air electrode, and the film-electrode units are stacked with separators between them. The separator is composed of a metal-nonmetal composite, which includes a fuel gas channel, an oxidant channel, and a coolant channel. The separator has metal faces in contact with the coolant channel and nonmetal faces in contact with the film-electrode units. Since the separator is lightweight, airtight and capable of maintaining its shape, the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell can maintain its stabilized high performance for a long time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram depicts the fuel cell of the invention.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical device comprises several single fuel cells connected in series and at least a bipolar plate disposed between adjacent cells. Each fuel cell is comprised of an anode, a cathode and a separator containing electrolyte. The bipolar plate is comprised of titanium carbide (TiC).    USE - For producing electric energy or desired chemical compounds by interconverting electrical and chemical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The molded TiC bipolar plates are electrochemically more stable in various acidic medium and in potentials greater than 0.8-1.2 vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and exhibit superior corrosion resistance than commercially available carbon or graphite catalyst supports. The corrosion current in 190degreesC 100 wt.% PAFC having molded TiC plate increases much more slowly with increasing potential than that of a PAFC having carbon plate. The molded TiC plate have superior electrical conductivity (5 times that of graphite), allow greater flexibility in the design of the plate and are easy to fabricate. Cost of molding the TiC plate is much less than cost to machine them. TiC are suitable for use in bipolar regenerative PEM fuel cells, lead-acid batteries, water electrolyzers.
NOVELTY - In a solar roof tile based on polymer cement concrete (I), with a photovoltaic module fixed to the water run-off surface, (I) contains not less than 70 wt.% solids in addition to the binder, including not less than 10 wt.% additive to increase the thermal conductivity and not less than 10 wt.% fire retardant.    USE - The product is a solar roof tile (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar tile is hardly flammable, has high mechanical strength and has better temperature properties with respect to the photovoltaic productivity than existing solar roof tiles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the solar tile.    Base (1)    Photovoltaic module (2)    Water grooves (3, 4)    Overlaps (5, 6)
NOVELTY - A catalyst ink for a fuel cell comprises a catalytic material and poly(vinylidene fluoride).    USE - For fuel cells and for membrane electrode assemblies for direct feed methanol fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic ink improves the interfacial bonding characteristics of the deposited electrocatalytic layers with the proton conducting moieties of the membrane structure, which improves the electrical performance and reduces the impedance. The catalytic ink also reduce methanol crossover when used in a fuel cell stack. MEA obtained with the catalytic inks has favorable electrical performance, excellent crossover characteristics and unique water management properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Manufacture of catalyst ink which involves mixing catalytic material with poly(vinylidene fluoride);    (2) Process of making electrode for fuel cells which involves applying the catalyst ink to at least one side of a substrate.    (3) Process of making membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for fuel cells which involves applying the catalyst ink to at least one side of a substrate and bonding the membrane with at least one electrode.    (4) Fuel cell comprising the membrane electrode assembly.
NOVELTY - A self-biased solar cell comprises semiconductor substrate of conductivity type (A), semiconductor layer of conductivity type (B) and electrode(s) (I) formed adjacent to semiconductor layer. Dielectric layer(s) are formed on surface of semiconductor substrate which contains electrode(s) (II). A voltage applying electrode(s) is formed on the dielectric layer.    USE - For use in battery.    ADVANTAGE - The self-biased solar cell has improved conversion efficiency, open circuit voltage and increased quantum yield at long and short wavelengths. The recombination loss of carriers at the rear and front of solar cell is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A self-biased solar cell comprises semiconductor substrate of conductivity type (A), semiconductor layer of conductivity type (B) which is disposed adjacent to a surface (I) of semiconductor substrate and electrode(s) (I) formed adjacent to semiconductor layer. Dielectric layer(s) are formed on surface (II) of semiconductor substrate containing electrode(s) (II) which is disposed adjacent to the dielectric layer(s). Voltage applying electrode(s) which is separate and distinct from electrode(s) (II) is provided on the dielectric layer(s).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a module of solar cell which comprises a glass plate, first copolymer plate, solar cell, dielectric plate, second copolymer plate and Tedlar (RTM: polyvinyl fluoride) sequentially.
NOVELTY - Thin-film type silicon single crystal solar battery especially a kind of light-weighted and unbreakable thin-film type silicon single crystal solar battery which is to attach a sheet of thin, transparent and colourless plastic sheet or acrylic sheet on the glass with glue or bond and attach the silicon single crystal sheet on the plastic sheet or acrylic sheet; grinding and polishing the back of silicon single crystal and depositing a anti-reflection layer on it; attaching the silicon single crystal on the back with combination of glue sheet and glass plate; lastly, heating or immersing in solvent for the product of silicon single crystal and take off the glass so that the weight of product can be reduced and prevents the breakage of silicon single crystal solar battery by the plasticity of plastic sheet or acrylic sheet.
NOVELTY - The method involves molding the cylindrical pipe in such a way that, the pressure of hollow portion of pipe is equal to or greater than the pressure of exterior portion of cylindrical pipe. After the removal of the receptacle mold, the raw material pipe is pushed out.    USE - For molding base pipes used in fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The injection of high pressure fluid prevents the flatness on the surface of pipe. Hence the manufacture of base pipe with high roundness is ensured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high pressure fluid supply unit supplies high pressure fluid to the mold so as to remove the receptacle mold and eject the raw material pipe. A combustible fluid with flow rate corresponding to pushing out velocity of cylindrical pipe is filled in the hollow portion. Raw material powder and binder consisting of polytetra fluoro ethylene is filled in the pushing point so as to form a cyclic shape. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the extrusion molding machine which has a detachable fluid supply unit. The high pressure fluid supplied from the fluid supply unit pushes the outlet portion of raw material pipe which has a smooth curved surface containing polytetra fluoro ethylene. A flow path for supplying high pressure fluid is provided in the mandrel, so as to push the raw material pipe.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the extrusion molding method of base pipe.
NOVELTY - The pigment sensitization type solar battery has a transparent substrate (1) on which a transparent electrically conductive film (2) is formed. A pigment sensitization semiconductor electrode (4) and counter electrode are laminated on the conductive film. The periphery of electrodes is sealed by resin (7).    USE - In e.g. pigment sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesion of resin and substrate can be maintained for a longer time. The electrolyte does not enter into resin and substrate and therefore does not leak.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of pigment sensitization type solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of pigment sensitization type solar battery.    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrically conductive film (2)    Pigment sensitization semiconductor electrode (4)    Resin (7)
NOVELTY - A polymeric gel electrolyte comprises an organic filler (OGF), a high molecular compound, an exchangeable ion and an organic solvent.    USE - For non-aqueous secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Heat resistance of the electrolyte is improved. Impedance gained in the battery, is restrained. Reduction in ionic conductivity is minimized.
NOVELTY - An adhesive containing a water component is provided on base material of non-aqueous electrolyte type battery inner side containing lithium salt supporting electrolyte.    USE - For batteries, especially for battery electrolyte (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive has favorable adhesion and adhesion property. The battery with high property and reliability can be created. The adhesive is effective in not affecting battery property. The adhesive has excellent adhesive strength and electrolyte color-change property. The adhesive increases efficiency of assembly process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for adhesive tape or sheet which has an adhesive of resin film with carboxy group and/or hydroxyl group, provided on base material.
NOVELTY - The metallic mold (5) having a concave portion (6), corresponding to the shape of the lead wire (electricity generation element) (4) laminated between a sheet material (1) comprising metal layer (2) and sealant layer (3) specifically between the sealant interlayer, is utilized for heat sealing the sealant interlayer, to form a bag-like structure for thin shape batteries.    USE - For sealing the bag like sealant interlayers for thin shape batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The heat sealing portion of the bag formed for thin shape batteries becomes the shape corresponding to the lead wire, which prevents the lead wire contacting with the metal layer of the lamination material. Hence, formation of an insulated skin layer on a lead wire is made unnecessary, reducing the running cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the sealing method of the bag like sealant interlayer for thin shaped batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the metallic mold used for the seal method of the bag for thin shape batteries.    Sheet material (1)    Metal layer (2)    Sealant layer (3)    Lead wire (4)    Metallic mold (5)    Concave portion (6)
NOVELTY - Outer covering for lithium ion secondary battery which contains the electricity generation element is made up of a metal layer (2) and a sealant layer (3) formed by heat sealing. The thickness of the sealant layer is greater than half the thickness of the lead wire (4) and also has a groove for inserting the lead wire.    USE - For lithium ion secondary battery    ADVANTAGE - Outer covering for batteries need not be insulated as lead wire is provided and manufacturing cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial front elevation of the outer covering for lithium ion secondary battery.    Metal layer (2)    Sealant layer (3)    Lead wire (4)
NOVELTY - Producing a secondary battery comprises aligning a cathode and anode with a porous film and fixing parts of the cathode and anode to the porous film, immersing the cathode, anode and porous film in a liquid electrolyte, and integrating the electrodes with the porous film by compression.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A thin and lightweight polymer secondary battery or other secondary battery can be produced at low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the secondary battery itself.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow chart showing the production process.
NOVELTY - A solar collector power plant includes air-directing vanes between the base and the transparent surface. The vanes cause the moving of the heated air to rotate about the center of the structure.    USE - The invention is for collecting energy radiating from the sun and providing a power source in sunny areas. It is also used as a large-scale air exchange system to provide community-wide cooling and cleaning.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is simple to build and inexpensive to manufacture. It inhibits the mixing of ambient air with the produced updraft by imparting a vortex-like flow on the escaping air. It also includes air conditioning on a grand scale and rainmaking.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar collector power plant comprises a thermally absorptive base with top surface(s); a support(s) with a bottom end attached to the base's top surface and a top end; adjustable air-directing vanes in close proximity to the supports and orthogonally attached to the base's top surface; a transparent material with a centrally located aperture and attached to the supports top end, and parallel to the base's top surface; and an annular-shaped section encompassing the centrally located aperture and attached to the transparent material. The air directing vanes impart a rotational component to air flowing between the base and the transparent material to create a vortex, which escapes through the aperture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cutaway side view of the invention.    heat absorbing layer (100)    transparent material (104)    heat collector (110)    sun (116)    sloping sides (124)
NOVELTY - The battery case (5) consists of a laminated film with thermobonding type polymeric film layer and a metal film layer. Battery leads (13,23) are drawing in the form of metallic foils through the thermobonding polymeric film layers. Insulating materials are provided between the metallic foils and metal film layers.    USE - Lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Lithium secondary battery which uses gel like electrolyte or solid electrolyte can be made thin in shape. The case consists of laminated film, it is light weight and a battery with excellent volume capacity can be obtained. Since the metal film layer is provided in the case, air resistance is maintained and permeation of water is highly restrained. Since an insulated material is provided between the metallic foil and metal film layer, there is no short circuit between the positive and negative electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the assembly of lithium secondary battery.    Battery case (5)    Battery leads (13,23)
NOVELTY - A positive electrode (1a), negative electrode (1b) with a strip-shaped separator (1c) are wound in an ellipse shape around the pipe-like core which is made of fluororesin, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, silicone resin or phenol resin.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for high drain devices.    ADVANTAGE - The weight of the battery is reduced by using a synthetic resin for the core, and also reduces the manufacturing cost. The size of the battery can also be reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional top view of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1a)    Negative electrode (1b)    Separator (1c)
NOVELTY - The solid polymeric type fuel battery, a heat exchanger (26) and an air side water reclaimer (27) are installed in order in vertical direction. Humidification of supply air and dehumidification of ejected air are carried out by heat exchanger. The steam in air ejected from heat exchanger is collected and condensed in the water reclaimer.    USE - For electricity generation using solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces pressure fluctuation of air line by ejecting condensed water from air flow line smoothly using gravity. Improves efficiency of battery by stabilizing reaction progress state. Reduces start time by using energy of steam by dehumidifying it.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The power generation is carried out in fuel battery using heating gas and air containing hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of battery system.    Heat exchanger (26)    Water reclaimer (27)
NOVELTY - The electrode consists of a rolled copper foil on which a mixture of carbon material and polyvinylidene fluoride resin binder is adhered. The carbon material consists of aggregated graphite powder and mesophase pitch type graphite fiber material.    USE - For non-aqueous secondary battery e.g. nickel-cadmium battery, lead battery, nickel hydrogen battery used in portable telephone, notebook personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The mixture density and mixture adhesion are raised by the usage of aggregated graphite powder and mesophase graphite powder, thus irreversible capacitance and the gas evolution at high temperature is suppressed. The peeling and the crack of a mixture layer is prevented, thus excellent cycle property is obtained.
NOVELTY - A gasket is a mold of a high polymeric film.    USE - For battery (claimed) e.g. lithium cell, used in camera, personal computer, portable telephone, integrated circuit card and identification card.    ADVANTAGE - The gasket is thin, light weight, highly precise, excels in workability and has reduced size.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of gasket.
NOVELTY - The battery comprises positive and negative electrodes (20,30) and a non-aqueous electrolyte provided between pair of outer cladding objects (10). Resin layers are adhered to inner surfaces (12a) of each cladding object and sealed. Battery terminals (22,32) are extended externally through the sealing part. The outer surface of each terminal consists of a conductive polymer (32a) at the sealing part.    USE - For IC card and calculators.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of discharge capacity of battery is prevented, even when preserved at high temperature. Permeation of water into the battery is prevented and preservation property is improved. Adhesion of each terminal with the resin layers at the sealing part is stabilized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional drawing of sealing part of thin non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    Outer cladding object (10)    Inner surface (12a)    Positive electrode (20)    Positive electrode terminal (22)    Negative electrode (30)    Negative electrode terminal (32)    Conductive polymer (32a)
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent comprising specific proportions of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) such that the composition is in an area of the phase diagram surrounded by points (70, 30, 0), (55, 15, 30), and (30, 70, 0).    USE - The gel electrolyte is used in batteries for portable electronic equipment such as portable telephones, video cameras or notebook type personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has improved ion conductivity of the solvent, superior cycling characteristics and improved low temperature performance. Electrolyte decomposition is suppressed by optimizing the solvent composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A gel electrolyte comprises:    (a) an electrolyte;    (b) a matrix polymer; and    (c) a non-aqueous solvent comprising a mix of (EC), (PC), and (GBL).    The non-aqueous solvent comprises specific proportions of (EC), (PC) and (GBL) such that the composition is in an area of the phase diagram surrounded by points (70, 30, 0), (55, 15, 30), and (30, 70, 0).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a gel electrolyte battery comprising the above gel electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a phase diagram for the ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone system.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte battery has a solid polymer electrolyte film consisting of high thermoplastic molecular compound. The vicat softening temperature of the porous polymeric electrolyte film is below 100degreesC.    USE - For electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - The manufacturing process and handling is made easy while inflammation and firing of battery are prevented, thereby increasing safety. A high discharge capacitance is obtained and avoids reduction of electric conductivity of porous solid polymer electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - A bypass route (20) is present on entrance and outlet side of existing reactive gas flowpath (13) of temperature and humidity operator stage (11). A selector valve (21) on outlet side of bypass route is switched by a control unit (24), so as to regulate humidity and composition of reactive gas depending on temperature sensors (20,23).    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - A high performance solid polymeric type fuel battery system that enables the amount of humidification in humidity-temperature operator stage to be controlled pertinently, is offered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid polymeric type fuel battery system has temperature and humidity operator stage (11) that heats fuel battery stack containing solid polymeric film electrolyte (3). The unconverted gas and water component present in the reactive gas are removed before the reactive gas reaches the reaction part of fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Solid polymeric film electrolyte (3)    Humidity operator stage (11)    Reactive gas flowpath (13)    Temperature sensors (20,23)    Selector valve (21)    Control unit (24)
NOVELTY - The battery consists of a solid polymer film as electrolyte and a temperature/humidity exchange part. The temperature/humidity exchange part consists of water retention porous object (30) and mesh (31) which are alternately arranged.    USE - As power supply for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The drying of solid polymeric electrolyte is prevented. The water component of reactive gas is moved to unreacted gas, therefore water is not required for humidification. Freezing does not occur. The heat and water vapor exchange is efficient. The solid polymeric type fuel battery is compact, inexpensive and reliable. The porous object excels in selectively allowing only water to pass through.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The existing reactive gas which passed the reaction part and the unreacted gas before passing to reaction part are made to contact the water retaining porous object. At least one side of the reactive gas carrying mesh contacts the porous object so that gas circulates through the gas supply path.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of the temperature/humidity exchange part of the solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Water retention porous object (30)    Mesh (31)
NOVELTY - Non-aqueous electrolyte battery consists of anode (2), cathode (4) and non-aqueous electrolyte (3) which are enclosed between pair of outer cladding objects (1). Circumferences of (1) are each sealed by heat welding resin (5a) having high melting point. (5a) are welded by heat welding resin (5b) interposed between 5a. (5a) has lower water component transmittance than (5b).    USE - In power supplies such as IC card and wristwatch.    ADVANTAGE - The rise in internal resistance due to the infiltration of water into the battery is prevented and hence the battery can be preserved under high humid conditions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    Outer cladding object (1)    Anode (2)    Non-aqueous electrolyte (3)    Cathode (4)    Heat welding property resins (5a,5b)
NOVELTY - Electrolyte (13) comprises polyacrylonitrile as high molecular compound having three dimensional network obtained by chemical bonding, electrolyte salt and solvent which dissolves the electrolyte salt.    USE - For battery (claimed) such as lithium ion secondary battery using the electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte excels in mechanical strength and thermal stability, therefore battery of arbitrary shape is obtained and the structure is maintained at high temperature with stability. The spilling of liquid and short circuit at high temperature is prevented, thereby reliable battery with high ion conductivity using the electrolyte is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the secondary battery using the electrolyte.    Electrolyte (13)
NOVELTY - The storage bag is made by laminating a flexible film material and closing the circumference portion. A cut (1) which crosses the surface is provided to one surface in the super portion. The cut is limited and a bag like portion is respectively formed on both sides.    USE - For storing various goods like battery.    ADVANTAGE - Eases insertion, extraction and holding property of goods. Enables recycling of bag, reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the shape of the storage bag.    Cut (1)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell comprises, high pressure side electrode, low pressure side electrode, membrane (108) interposed between and in intimate contact with high and low pressure side electrode, low pressure flow field (110), high pressure flow field (112) and electrically conductive pressure pad (118) located adjacent to and in close contact with high pressure flow field.    USE - For use as electrolytic cell and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell is inexpensive, highly reliable and can be manufactured, assembled by simple methods. The electrochemical cell has lower electrical resistance which leads to high current density and lower cell voltage due to elimination of screen layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a high pressure electrochemical cell. A low pressure fluid (LPF) is introduced into a low pressure flow field, and is reacted on a low pressure electrode (LPE) to form ions. The LPE is adjacent to and in fluid communicating with LPF. The ions formed are migrated to high pressure electrode (HPE) across a membrane and a high pressure fluid (HPF) is formed at HPE. The HPF formed has pressure exceeding 1000 psi greater than the pressure of LPF and is passed through a high pressure flow field which is disposed in intimate contact with an electrically conductive pressure pad.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of electrochemical cell.    Membrane (108)    Low pressure flow field (110)    High pressure flow field (112)    Pressure pad (118)
NOVELTY - A process for producing a waterborne polyurethane and polyethylene oxide (WPU-PEO) based composite electrolyte.    USE - The composite electrolyte is used in lithium ion batteries, lithium batteries, and electrochemical device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for producing a waterborne polyurethane and polyethylene oxide (WPU-PEO) based composite electrolyte, by providing a polyurethane material as a matrix material (A); dispersing (A) in a first solvent to form a matrix solution (B), mixing (B) with a PEO aqueous solution to form a mixture solution (C), drying (C) to form a thin film of WPU-PEO as a matrix of the polymeric electrolyte; and adding an anhydrous liquid electrolyte component into the matrix of the polymeric electrolyte to form the composite electrolyte.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the above WPU-PEO based composite electrolyte.
Transparent electrically conductive film containing In-Sn-O is formed on polymeric substrate in atmosphere of temperature below 80 &deg;C. The substrate is heat-treated in oxygen atmosphere at temperature more than glass transition temperature of substrate. Ratio of oxygen partial pressure and water component pressure is 10-1000. Ratio of water component pressure and inert gas is 1.3&times;10-5 to 2.5&times;10-4.    USE -   For manufacturing transparent electric conduction laminate used for electrode of various display elements or thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides laminate of low specific resistance, since the film contains indium, tin and oxygen.
Winding insulating sheet has a support of thickness 5-250 micron thickness comprising a thermoplastic resin 5-150 weight part per 100 weight part of a syndiotactic polystyrene resin layer. Thermoplastic resin is preferably olefin type resin, rubber or elastomer and an adhesive layer is provided to one side of the support. The winding sheet has a weight percentage reduction of less than 60% when immersed for 100 minutes at 50deg.C in propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol or gamma-butyrolactone and an elasticity of 10-550 kgf/mm2. The break extension degree is 50% or more and the heat dimension shrinkage percentage in 150deg.C is less than 30%.    USE -   As a winding insulation adhesive tape or sheet for electrolytic capacitor, small electronic components, lithium secondary battery, nickel hydrogen battery etc.,    ADVANTAGE -   The sheet has excellent heat-resistance, heat dimensional stability and organic solvent-proof property.    EXAMPLE - To syndiotactic polystyrene resin (100 weight part), linear low density polyethylene (20 wt.part) was added and mixed forming a film of thickness 30 microns. An adhesive layer comprising acrylic type adhesive mass was applied to the film, dried and a winding insulating tape of 50 microns thickness was obtained. The elasticity of the tape was found to be 50kgf/mm2, break extension degree was 90% and heat shrinkage percentage was 10%. When the tape was used for electrolytic capacitor winding, reduction of tan delta was not observed.
NOVELTY - A secondary battery consists of anode layer (2) and cathode layer (3) which are laminated through a separator (7). A liquid-like electrolyte is interposed between the anode and cathode layer. The liquid-like electrolyte is plastisol (1) containing electrolyte salt which is dispersed in plasticizer by halogenated polyolefin such as fluorinated polyolefin.    USE - For notebook type personal computer and portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - The battery prevents short circuit due to abnormal current, has favorable ionic conductivity and high output. The battery is also safe as the rupture of separator during abnormal current generation is suppressed by reinforcing the separator by polymeric gel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of secondary batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of secondary battery.    Plastisol (1)    Anode layer (2)    Cathode layer (3)    Separator (7)
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes and a porous separator containing a nonaqueous electrolyte housed within a thermoplastic resin layer having melting point higher than a pore closing initiating temperature of the porous separator.    USE - The battery is useful for portable electrical appliances e.g. mobile telephones.    ADVANTAGE - The battery can be made with reduced thickness and exhibits improved safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising: (i) an electrode group including positive and negative electrodes and a porous separator interposed between them, the pores of the porous separator being closed when heated; (ii) a nonaqueous electrolyte held by the porous separator; and (iii) a jacket formed of a sheet including a thermoplastic resin layer forming at least a portion of the inner surface, having the electrode group housed therein, and having mutually facing regions of the thermoplastic resin layer heat-sealed to each other to seal the electrode group therein; wherein the positive and negative electrodes and separator are made integral, and the thermoplastic resin layer has a melting point higher than a pore-closing initiating temperature of the porous separator at which the pores begin to be closed.
NOVELTY - Battery containing a polymer electrolyte and a non-aqueous electrolyte that comprises a solute in a solvent. The solvent comprises 0.01-90 vol % vinylene carbonate.    USE - As a high power high energy density battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reaction of the electrolyte with the electrodes is decreased and battery capacity under high temperature conditions is maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polymer electrolyte comprising a polymer containing a non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising the solvent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Positive electrode (1)    Negative electrode (2)    Gelated polymer electrolyte (3)    Insulating packing (7)    Battery case (4)
NOVELTY - The housing of the solar heat collector is a self-contained, load-carrying closed shell (1) made of a heat insulating material.    USE - For capture of solar energy for heating purposes.    ADVANTAGE - Comprehensive heat insulation of the absorber element from the collector housing is achieved simply, quickly and inexpensively. The structure fixing the collector onto or into a roof structure can be produced and installed at a low cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for structures for fixing the collector onto or into roof structures. Such fixing structures incorporate respectively a mounting rail and a connector frame onto/into which the collector is installed with a gap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of the proposed solar heat collector.    Housing shell (1)    Inner area (2)    Glass cover (5)    Gap (10)    Collector pipe (22)    Thermal insulation (31)    Absorber element (35)    Seal (36)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains a silicone oil, a non-ionic surfactant and a lithium compound serving as an electrolyte.    USE - The non-aqueous electrolytic solution is used in a secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silicone oil depresses the development of a cracked gas to prevent the battery from swelling and to improve charge-discharge characteristics and impedance characteristics. The use of the silicone oil and the fluorine-based nonionic surface active agent forms a uniform film on the entire surface of each negative electrode. The resulting secondary battery has further enhanced discharge characteristics, low-temperature discharge characteristics, and high-temperature discharge characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains a silicone oil of formula (I), and a fluorine-based non-ionic surfactant comprising a fluoropolyoxyethylene ether.    R = alkyl;    n = 0-1000.
NOVELTY - A bending mechanism moves an anode (2) so it contacts the electrolyte (4) on only one side to form an electroconductive polymer film (12).    USE - For forming conductive polymer film used in display, secondary battery, capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - Need for insulation of other surfaces of anode is eliminated and hence need for removal of insulation film is also eliminated. Films of different kind are reliably formed on either surfaces of anode by sending anode in two different electrolytes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of conductive polymer film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of continuous electrolyte polymerization device.    anode (2)    electrolyte (4)    polymer film (12)
NOVELTY - An electric insulating layer which consists of heat resistance resin of 3-50 volume% mixed with pigment having mean diameter of 0.1-3 microns is formed on a metal substrate surface. The electric insulating layer has surface roughness of 0.3-1.5 microns of Rmaxes. The pigment used is selected among titanium oxide, alumina, silica.    USE - USE For amorphous silicon thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Since surface roughness is given to the electric insulating layer, an effective texture structure in improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained and an amorphous silicon thin film without breakage is obtained. Offers amorphous silicon thin film solar batteries with high electricity generation output property.
NOVELTY - Assembly of photovoltaic panel, has a surface area of roof tiles and carrier (1) for it. The carrier has an arrangement for positioning in a tiled roof of building and a water repellent connected to the tiled roof. The carrier is extended like a plate below the photovoltaic panel to form ventilation passages, which are oriented in the upward direction of the tiled roof, and water drainage facility.    USE - Used for assembly of a photovoltaic panel on the roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the thin shape of the plate shaped carrier, the installation and removal of assembly on roof of building is facilitated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the carrier plate.    Carrier (1)
NOVELTY - Separation of batteries and button cells prior to reduction of waste comprises separating out coarse ferrous components followed by finer material, by sifting.    USE - The process is used for separating out batteries and button cells prior to the reduction of waste.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for separating batteries, button cells and metal components from waste, comprises initially separating out coarse ferrous metal components. Initially material of 0-60 mm in size is sifted out, which includes the batteries, button cells with a ferrous mantle and precious metal components. The remaining material is then separated out in the range 0-20 mm, which includes smaller button cells with a plastic mantle.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte comprises an electrolyte film of thickness 10-200 mum and microporous structures, and an ion conductive liquid electrolyte in an amount of 30-90 wt%, the electrolyte film containing an absorbent of particle size not more than 40 mum in an amount of 30-95 wt% base on the total weight of electrolyte film under a dried condition.    USE - For rechargeable cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte shows high mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity corresponding to that of the liquid electrolytes and broad electrochemical potential window; does not need a dehumidifying atmosphere; and allows ease in automation for mass production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a lithium rechargeable cell obtained by assembling the electrolyte film (1) with a cathode (2) and an anode (3) to form a cell and allowing the cell to absorb the liquid electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the cell in which the solid electrolyte is used.    Electrolyte film (1)    Cathode (2)    Anode (3)    Cathode current collector (22)    Anode current collector (33)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte includes an absorbent powder having a particle size of at most 40 mum (30-95 wt.% based on the weight of a 10-200 mum thick dried solid electrolyte film); a polymer binder; and an ion conductive liquid electrolyte (30-90 wt.% based on the total weight of the solid electrolyte).    USE - For rechargeable cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte shows high mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity corresponding to that of the liquid electrolytes and broad electrochemical potential window; does not need a dehumidifying atmosphere; and allows ease in automation for mass production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a process of preparing the solid electrolyte by (a) dissolving the absorbent and the polymer binder in a solvent for the polymer binder, (b) transforming the formed solution into a film, (c) drying the film to form a dried electrolyte film (1) and allowing the dried film to absorb the liquid electrolyte; and (B) a rechargeable lithium cell made by a process comprising the steps (a)-(c) and further including assembling the dried film together with a cathode (2) and an anode (3) to form a cell and allowing the cell to absorb the liquid electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the rechargeable cell.    Electrolyte film (1)    Cathode (2)    Anode (3)    Absorbent powder (11)    Cathode current collector (22)    Anode current collector (33)
NOVELTY - An array of photovoltaic cells comprises a semi-insulating substrate; independent photovoltaic cells containing doped semiconductor material where the first photovoltaic cell has an n side of an n-p junction or p-n junction interconnected to a p side of an n-p junction or p-n junction of a second photovoltaic cell; and a reflective coating on the substrate between the photovoltaic cells.    USE - For explosive detonators, accelerators, photo cathodes, and medical appliances.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a wireless system that feeds a low voltage laser energy source through optic fiber, casts the uniform beam profile upon the photovoltaic cell array, and prevents stray electrical signals prior to use of the high voltage current from the array.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (a) A system for increasing a low voltage optical energy source to high voltage electrical energy comprising a source of laser energy; an optical homogenizer; transmitter for transmitting the laser energy to the optical homogenizer; and an array of independent photovoltaic cells as above; and (b) a method for converting low voltage laser power to high voltage photovoltaic power comprising transmitting laser energy through a fiber optic to an optical homogenizer; and illuminating a uniform laser beam from the optical homogenizer into an array of independent photovoltaic cells arranged in series on a semi-insulating substrate as above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system including an optical fiber transmitting a laser and illuminated on an array of photovoltaic cells.    Laser source (2)    Optical homogenizer (4)    Optical cable (6)    Array (12)
NOVELTY - Composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolyte comprises: (A) a polyglycidol; (B) an ionically conductive salt; and (C) a compound having crosslinkable groups.    USE - Used in secondary cells and capacitors, especially lithium secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polyelectrolyte have high electrical conductivity, semi-interpenetrating polymer network and superior shape stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolyte comprises:    (A) a polymeric compound with units of formula (I);    (B) an ionically conductive salt; and    (C) a compound having crosslinkable groups.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an ionically conductive solid polyelectrolyte which is obtained by crosslinking the above crosslinkable groups of the compound in component (C) to give a polymer with 3 dimensional structure interlocking with the molecular chains of the polymeric compound of component (A) in a semi-interpenetrating polymer network structure and containing the ionically conductive salt of component (B).
NOVELTY - The concentrator (Linear Fresnel-type lens) focuses lines of sunlight. Its frame tensions it parallel to the focal line.    USE - A space solar power collector.    ADVANTAGE - The design offers improved optical performance, lower weight, smaller stowage volume, with larger tolerances to cover manufacturing- and operational inaccuracies. Robustness is improved, in comparison with prior art. Useful space application data and experience are imparted, in the text of this disclosure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A perspective view illustrates the collector in the stowed and deployed configurations. A further illustration depicts this as one of a large array.    concentrator (1)    end arch structure (2)    frame (3)    compressive structural elements (4)    back surface (5)    focal line containing energy receiver (6)    electrical current conductors (7)    spring elements (8)
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous electrolytic solution consists of a nonaqueous solvent containing a polyalkylene glycol ether derivative and a phosphoric ester, and an electrolyte.    USE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used in the secondary battery and suitably finds its application in the lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution has high fire retardancy, and superior charge discharge performance. The secondary battery has superior fire retardancy and charge discharge characteristics, and generates high voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyalkylene glycol ether derivative of formula (1) is new.    R(-O(-(AO)j-(C(O)O)k-(BO)l-)m-R')n (1)    R = H, or 1-20C hydrocarbon;    R' = H, 1-20C hydrocarbon, -COR, or -COOR    A, B = 2-8C alkylene or phenylene;    j = integer of 0-2000;    k = 0 or 1;    I = integer of 0-2000;    j+I = integer of 1-4000;    m = integer of 1-100;    n = integer of 1-4.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a secondary battery containing the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
NOVELTY - Passivation of the surface of a semiconductor material, optionally covered with natural semiconductor oxide, involves treating the surface with a passivating solution containing polyfluorinated hydrocarbon with acid side group(s) and drying.    USE - The process is used for passivating a semiconductor element, especially a silicon semiconductor element, which is used in a semiconductor device, especially a solar cell. (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface recombination velocity is small, stable and largely independent of the density of generated or injected excess charge carriers (electrons or holes). The process does not damage the semiconductor from and is simple, even on semiconductors with a natural oxide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section through a solar with a polymeric passivation film.    Silicon semiconductor element (2)    Passivating film (3)    Doped regions (4, 5)    Terminal contacts (6, 7)
NOVELTY - A polymeric compound is claimed in which 10% or more of the molecular ends are blocked with a monovalent group, especially a cyano-substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and which has high ionic conductivity, and does not crystallize even when an ionically conductive salt is dissolved in a high concentration.    USE - The compounds are applicable in composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolytes, useful e.g. in secondary cells and capacitors.    ADVANTAGE - Such compounds have high ionic conductivity and without crystallization even when containing high conductive salt concentration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymeric compound comprises units of formula (I) and (II), with at least 10% of the molecular ends blocked with 1 or more monovalent groups selected from halogen, (un)substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl, R1CO- (where R1 = (un)substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl), R13Si-, amino, alkylamino, H(OR2)m- (where R2 = 2-4C alkylene, m - 1-100) and phosphorus-containing group.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (i) a polymer for polyelectrolytes comprising the polymeric compound; and (I) (II); (ii) a composition for ionically conductive polyelectrolytes containing the polymer for polyelectrolytes and an ionically conductive salt as the main components.
NOVELTY - Cover material for solar cell is formed by laminating for integration transparent, high-moisture-proof film and transparent, high-light-fastness film of excellent UV resistance.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A transparent film combining a moisture-proof feature with a light-fast feature can reduce the weight of the solar cell and improve its shock-resistance and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell cover material (11) is formed by laminating for integration a transparent, high-moisture-proof film (12) and a transparent, high-light-fastness film (13) having excellent ultraviolet resistance. A solar cell cover material is formed by laminating for integration a transparent, high-moisture-proof film and a transparent, high-light-fastness film with an adhesive containing an ultraviolet absorber. A solar cell cover material is formed by laminating for integration a transparent, high-moisture-proof film and a transparent, high-light-fastness film with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin adhesive containing an ultraviolet absorber and a crosslinking agent. A solar cell cover material comprises a high-light-fastness, high-moisture-proof, transparent film prepared by forming an inorganic oxide coating film on the front surface of a transparent base material film blended with an ultraviolet absorber. A solar cell cover material/sealing film is formed by laminating for integration the cover film and an EVA film. A solar cell is formed by sealing solar cell elements between the cover material and a rear-surface-side protection member.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - solar cell cover material (11)    high-moisture-proof film (12)    high-light-fastness film (13)
NOVELTY - Mastic with good adhesion to polypropylene is composed of, wt %: petroleum polymer 73.0-77.0, oil S-9 15.5-17.0, dibinylstyrene thermoplastic 3.5-4.0, antioxidant 0.5-1.9, chalk 1.9-4.0.    USE - Electric engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Increased adhesion to polypropylene.
NOVELTY - Focusing unit, transparent plate and casing comprise the same material, or materials of near identical thermal expansion coefficient.    USE - Used as a casing construction for a semiconductor optical component, ranging from a simple sensor to a miniature CCD camera.    ADVANTAGE - Simple construction avoids effects of thermal variation, maintaining optical specifications. Life and reliability are increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Insulating casing (1) including basal openings (1a, 1b), has a lead frame (3) reaching through it. The optical semiconductor chip (2) is fixed to the base of the casing and has surface pads connected (4) to the lead frame. The interior is transparently filled (7). The openings absorb expansion or contraction of the filler. A transparent plate (5) is arranged over filler and chip, adhered or welded to the casing. A focusing unit (6) is adhered or welded to the plate, located to focus images on the chip. Focusing unit, transparent plate and casing comprise the same material, or materials of near identical thermal expansion coefficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The component is seen in cross section.    Insulating casing (1)    Basal openings (1a, 1b)    Lead frame (3)    Optical semiconductor chip (2)    Surface pad connecting leads (4)    Transparent filling (7)    Transparent plate (5)    Focusing unit (6)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic roof tile comprises a plate assembly including a base portion having an inner surface, a face portion having an interior surface side by side with the inner surface of the base portion, and a photovoltaic cell in the compartment.    USE - For providing a roof covering and generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The invention prevents water damage and generates electricity. It can inexpensively be manufactured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photovoltaic roof tile (216) comprises a plate assembly (218) including a base portion (222) having an inner surface, and a face portion (224) having an interior surface side by side with the inner surface of the base portion; and a photovoltaic cell (220) in the compartment (226). The inner and interior surfaces define a compartment between the base and face portions, where the compartment is sealed. The plate assembly is coupled directly to a roof substructure (221) and overlaps adjacent roof tile(s) for directing water down a slope of the roof. The cell is sized to occupy the compartment. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photovoltaic roof tile system, comprising a roof substructure, roof tile assemblies, each assembly having a base portion, a photovoltaic array, and a face portion, and connector(s) for electrically interconnecting the roof tile assemblies.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of a roof tile.    Photovoltaic roof tile (216)    Plate assembly (218)    Photovoltaic cell (220)    Substructure (221)    Base portion (222)    Face portion (224)    Compartment (226)    Lead (248)    Holes (250)
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous binder solution for electrochemical element electrode comprises an organic solvent having LUMO level and HOMO level (melting ability shown for a vinylidene fluoride group polymer) of +4 eV and at least 12 eV respectively, according to abinitio method molecular orbital calculation.    USE - For non-aqueous battery or electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The solvent is excellent in electrochemical stability thereby the deterioration caused to the electrode is minimized.
NOVELTY - The deteriorated electrolyte (6) of lead storage battery is removed from a battery jar (2) and carbon microparticles or polyvinyl alcohol are mixed with the deteriorated electrolyte to make it recover its property. The processed electrolyte is returned to the battery jar.    USE - For lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves charging and discharging property of lead storage battery remarkably for short time. Battery life is extensible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrolyte activation device for lead storage battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram explaining activation method of lead storage battery.    Battery jar (2)    Electrolyte (6)
NOVELTY - The battery has gel-like electrolyte containing polymer, electrolyte salt and non-aqueous solvent which has ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and gamma-butyl lactone (GBL). The ratio of EC, PC and GBL (in weight percent) in ternary figure, are 20, 0 and 80 at point A; 20, 20 and 60 at point B; 50, 30 and 20 at point C; 60, 20 and 20 at point D; 60, 0 and 40 at point E, respectively.    USE - As lithium battery.    ADVANTAGE - The gel-like electrolyte battery has excellent ion conductivity at low temperature, storage stability at high temperature and has excellent charging and discharging characteristic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gel-like electrolyte battery consists of gel-like electrolyte containing polymer, electrolyte salt and non-aqueous solvent, interposed between positive and negative electrodes. The non-aqueous solvent has ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and gamma-butyl lactone (GBL) as main components. The composition ratio of EC, PC and GBL in ternary figure, are 20 weight percent (wt.%), 0 wt.% and 80 wt.% at point A; 20 wt.%, 20 wt.% and 60 wt.% at point B; 50 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 20 wt.% at point C; 60 wt.%, 20 wt.% and 20 wt.% at point D; 60 wt.%, 0 wt.% and 40 wt.% at point E, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the ternary figure showing the solvent composition of EC, PC and GBL.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte (13) contains a high molecular compound containing an urethane component and a urea component at least one side, acrylonitrile component, an electrolyte salt and a solvent which dissolves the electrolyte salt.    USE - For battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has high ionic conductivity. The battery using the electrolyte has high thermal stability. Reaction during formation of high molecular compound is controlled by high accuracy, hence cross-linking density is easily controllable. The electrolyte has high flame retardance and effective in electrochemical property stabilized with high ionic conductivity. Leaking during high temperature can be preventable. The battery is highly safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a battery equipped with the electrolyte having cathode (12) and anode (11).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of secondary battery equipped with the electrolyte.    Anode (11)    Cathode (12)    Electrolyte (13)
NOVELTY - In a polymer lithium secondary battery the content of non-aqueous electrolyte comprising the polymer, is 25-50 volume% and its rate of swelling is 20-40%.    USE - For polymer lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has excellent high load discharge property and long charging and discharging life.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the polymer lithium secondary batteries.
NOVELTY - High pressure cylinder (22) filled with hydrogen gas is connected to the container (11) which has water to be purified. Based on the pressure of hydrogen, the water passes through a porous film and refined water is supplied to fuel gas passage way with hydrogen.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Pure water is obtained without using compressor. Efficiency of apparatus is raised with size reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    Container (11)    High pressure cylinder (22)
NOVELTY - Humidification unit of solid polymeric type fuel battery comprises glassy carbon material. The glassy material which is coated on the surface as surfactant has a mean blow hole diameter of 1-10 mum and blow hole rate of 20-50%.    USE - As internal humidification unit for solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - It has excellent electrical resistance, strength and acid-proof corrosion resistance. The blow hole is excellent in carrying out water permeability.
NOVELTY - The heating gas is guided along the plate arranged at downstream side of anode. A support block is arranged corresponding to the flow path (311) at specific water contact angle. Equivalent to the water contact angle of inner plate. The flow path and exhaust are connected at the downstream side of block.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures stable ejection of waste water and gas, due to reliable connection between the flow path and exhaust.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Oxidizing gas is supplied to the cathode. A gas receptacle is arranged at the downstream side of the block. Both plates are arranged along the anode and cathode. The support block is arranged at small or large flow path at specific water contact angle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal sectional view of the solid polymeric fuel battery.    Flow path (311)
NOVELTY - A humidification unit for solid polymeric type fuel batteries comprises a porous glassy carbon material, water repellency processed by a fluorine group resin. The carbon material contains blow holes of mean diameter 1-10 mum with a blow rate of 20-50%.    USE - As a humidification unit for internal humidification system.    ADVANTAGE - Regulating the amount of cooling water is easy. The influence of humidified water over cooling water is suppressed.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte containing polymer binds to polymer particles.    USE - Solid electrolyte is used for electrochemical devices such as battery, capacitor, display and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conductivity is high. The solid electrolyte has excellent discharge property, productivity and mass production property. The solid electrolyte can be made into a thin film. The electrolyte doesn't short circuit easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) manufacture of solid electrolyte; and (ii) an electrochemical device using the solid electrolyte.
NOVELTY - An electrolytic solution containing lithium salt and a solvent is retained in a macromolecule.    USE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte is used in the lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The monomer unit of the macromolecule uses a multifunctional monomer selected from a polyalkylene glycol-based monomer having unsaturated double bonds and/or a polyalkylene sulfide-based monomer as its major constituent. The total number of alkylene glycol units and alkylene sulfide units is 8 or less in average. The weight ratio of the macromolecule to the macromolecular solid electrolyte is 1-20%.
NOVELTY - The ultraviolet blockage layer (2), infrared rays interruption layer (3) and light reflection layer (4) are formed sequentially over a base film (1) to form cover film for solar battery.    USE - For covering front and back surfaces of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The durability and productivity of the solar battery is enhanced as deterioration of battery is prevented by utilizing cover film. The economical efficiency of the solar battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the cover film manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional drawing of solar battery module.    Base film (1)    Ultraviolet blockage layer (2)    Infrared rays interruption layer (3)    Light reflection layer (4)
NOVELTY - An electric insulating layer which consists of heat resistant resin such as polyether sulfone resin, polyimide resin blended with 5-40 vol% of pigment of mean diameter of 3-30 nm, is formed on the surface of a metal board. The pigment is selected from titanium oxide, alumina and silica. The surface roughness of the electric insulating layer is adjusted between 0.05-1 mum.    USE - For thin amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents breakage of thin silicon film by dispersing very minute pigment particle in heat resistant resin layer, thus improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - Amorphous and metallic carbon materials (1,2) are adhered using a heat resistant electrically conductive adhesive. The adhesive has electroconductive particles dispersed in thermosetting resin.    USE - For electrode of batteries, heater, crucible and in prevention of contamination of semiconductor.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesive strength is maintained at high temperature and eases application of composite of complicated shape.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the amorphous and metallic carbon material before and after adhesion.    Carbon materials (1,2)
NOVELTY - A coated film (1) of a resin composition where fluorine resin forms a main component of a vehicle. A deposited film (2) of an inorganic oxide is formed. A coating film (3) of a resin composition where an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer formed a main component of a vehicle is formed on the deposited film (2) of the inorganic oxide. The coated film (1), the coating film (3), the deposited film (2), and a resin film (4) are laminated, in the order.    USE - This protection sheet is useful for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof ability to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen is eminently improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows approximate section fig. of layer constitution of this protection sheet.    Coated film (1)    deposited film (2)    Coating film (3)    Resin film (4)
NOVELTY - A fluorine resin sheet (1) and a deposited film (2) of an inorganic oxide are formed. Further, a coating film (3) of a resin composition where an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer forms the main component of a vehicle is formed on the deposited film (2), and the resin sheet (1), the deposited film (2), and the coating film (3) are laminated on a resin film (4).    USE - This surface protection sheet is useful for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof ability to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen is remarkably improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows approximate layer constitution of a surface protection sheet.    Fluorine resin sheet (1)    Deposited film (2)    Coating film (3)    Resin film (4)
NOVELTY - A coating film (1) formed of a resin composition where fluorine resin forms the main component of vehicle, and a resin film (3) having a deposited film (2) of an inorganic oxide are laminated.    USE - The surface protection sheet is useful for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof ability to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen is remarkably improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows approximate layer constitution of a surface protection sheet for a solar battery module    Surface protection sheet (A)    Coating resin (1)    Deposited film (2)    Resin film (3)
NOVELTY - A surface protection sheet (A) comprises a vapor deposition thin film (2) of inorganic oxide and fluorine group resin sheet (1) laminated sequentially on a resin film (3).    USE - For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The surface protection sheet excels in light resistance, heat resistance, dirt resistance, durability and protection capability. A stable surface protection sheet for inexpensive and safe solar battery module, is provided. Damp-proofing which prevents penetration of water component, and oxygen is raised. Long performance degradation is restrained to minimum.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of surface protection sheet.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Vapor deposition thin film of inorganic oxide (2)    Resin film (3)    Surface protection sheet (A)
NOVELTY - A catalyst layer is formed on one surface of an air permeable tetrafluoro ethylene base sheet, impregnated with carbon particles, to form an electrode for fuel batteries.    USE - For fuel batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The battery output is high. The electrode excels in durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel battery comprising the electrode.
NOVELTY - A resin winding terminal (1) containing a lead electric pole (10) is passed into a through hole (7) of a lid (6). The lead electric pole is air-tightly covered by a resin portion (11). Welding of the resin portion and lower periphery of the through hole is carried out. A cyclic hilt (12) having cyclic protrusions (13) at the top is formed around the lead electric pole.    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of creeping distance of contact surface of lead electric pole with the resin part is prevented. The winding terminal has reduced height. A compact lead storage battery with excellent fluid-tight characteristics is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of front elevation of resin winding terminal.    Resin winding terminal (1)    Resin portion (11)    Hilt (12)    Protrusions (13)
NOVELTY - A lead storage battery consists a polar group laminate on both sides of synthetic resin made separator (2), which is provided between positive electrode board (1) and negative electrode plate (3). Master frame part (4) and edge part (5) of positive electrode contacts the separator part (9) containing oxidation-resistance resin coat.    USE - For lead storage battery (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Deterioration of separator part which meets the master frame part and edge part of positive electrode board is prevented. Lead storage battery which excels in dependability and endurance, is provided inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front elevational part of lead storage battery.    Positive electrode board (1)    Synthetic resin made separator (2)    Negative electrode plate (3)    Master frame part (4)    Edge part (5)    Separator part (9)
NOVELTY - A film-like solid state polymer battery (4) comprises perforated positive electrode collectors (1a) on either side of the negative electrode with the collectors being embedded in a positive active material (1b) towards the outside of this layer.    USE - As a solid state polymer battery for portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Peeling of the positive electrode collector is avoided without loss of utilization of the positive active material. Battery reliability is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid state polymer battery (4) comprises a perforated sheet negative electrode collector (2a) flanked by active layers containing a polymer having non-aqueous electrolyte, a polymer separator (3) and positive electrodes all laminated together. The positive electrode collector (1a) is embedded in the positive active material layer (1b) so that its bottom plane lies between two-thirds and four-fifths of the total thickness of this layer from the side facing the negative electrode. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making the battery above by lamination with the positive electrode being formed by coating a paste of active material on both sides of the collector to give the collector location above and then drying and pressing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross-section of the battery is shown.    Positive collector (1a)    Positive active material (1b)    Negative electrode (2)    Separator (3)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer fuel cell stack includes a rectangular separator, the surface of which includes coolant channels in a region that is parallel to the long side of the separator and near channels for fuel gas or oxidizing gas so that the coolant may flow in a direction perpendicular to the separator plane.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte film has polymer and transition metal. The polymer contains functional group which can coordinate with transition metal.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte film is raised.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of solid polymer electrolyte film. The method involves mixing polymer, transition metal compound and a reducer and stirring the mixture under reflux.
NOVELTY - A pair of gas diffusion electrodes are formed on both sides of a solid polymer electrolytic film. Catalyst layers made of platinum or ruthenium, are coated on electrode surface which contacts the surface of electrolytic film. The contact area of electrode and the film is set to 0.005 m2/cm2 or more of electrode.    USE - For space object, vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Offers efficient solid polymeric type fuel battery by setting contact area of electrode with electrolytic film, thus load of catalyst is reduced, since electrochemical metal surface area of catalyst is secured sufficiently, rationalization of three-phase boundary surface is attained.
NOVELTY - The module (1) with an outer plate, an inner plate (3) and an intermediate layer with embedded solar cells (6) joined electrically with one another by means of several conductors (8, 9) is characterized by the fact that several such conductors are permanently joined to a common connection system incorporating a multi-polar plug connector (10).    USE - For solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module manufacture is simplified. The module whose thickness is reduced can be safely handled without endangering its electric connection system. Openings leading to the intermediate layer can be sealed in an effective and simple manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of the proposed solar power generation module.    Inner plate (3)    Inner plate opening (4)    Embedded solar cells (6)    Connecting conductors (8, 9)    Plug connector (10)    Individual contacts (sockets) (11)    Individual conductors (21)
NOVELTY - A reactive metal-water battery comprises an anode containing a metal in atomic or alloy form. The metal can be periodic table Group 1A and/or Group 2A metals.    USE - The battery is used for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The invention minimizes parasitic corrosion and results to longer battery life and an improved battery efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reactive metal-water battery comprises:    (a) an anode containing a metal in atomic or alloy form;(b) a cathode containing water; and    (c) a solid polymer electrolyte containing polyphosphazene with ligands bonded with a phosphazene polymer backbone. The metal can be periodic table Group 1A and/or Group 2A metals. The ligands contain an aromatic ring having hydrophobic portion and a metal ion carrier portion. The metal ion carrier portion is bonded at one location with the polymer backbone and at another location with the aromatic ring.
NOVELTY - Recycling crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules comprises providing a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module comprising a glass substrate, layer(s) of polymeric material and solar cell(s) (12); providing an inert atmosphere; and heating the module in the inert atmosphere.    USE - For recycling crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cells, lead and other module components are recovered without creating any undesirable gases. Solar cells still having their silver contact grids can be recovered to be reused to make other crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules without requiring reprocessing of the silicon wafers to apply the silver contact grids.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus for heating crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.    Solar cell (12)    Two polymeric layers (36, 38)    Backing layer (40)    Housing (62)    Chamber (64)    Pyrolytic afterburner (78)    Module holder (80)    Solar cell holder (90)
NOVELTY - Collector has heat insulation 1 with cavity 2 and bottom with hollows 4 outcoming to cavity 2. Radiation absorbing panel 6 is secured to heat insulation 1. Translucent insulation 8 is positioned above panel 6 with clearance to the latter. Liquid power carrier, for example, water circulates over channels formed by hollows 4 and panel 6. Waterproof heat insulation 1 may be manufactured from frothed polymers, type polyurethane or polystyrene.    USE - Solar power engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Extended field of application. 5 cl, 2 dwg
NOVELTY - An electrolyte is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent containing a polyalkylene glycol derivative.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyalkylene glycol derivative of formula (1) is new. Formula (1-(1))-P R, R' = H or 1-20C hydrocarbon; A, B = 2-8C alkylene or phenylene;j = integer of 0-1000;k = 0 or 1;l = integer of 0-1000;j+l = integer of 1-2000;m = integer of 1-10;n = integer of 1-4.    USE -   The non-aqueous electrolytic solution is used in the secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The non-aqueous electrolytic solution lowly depresses a reduction decomposition reaction in the solvent encountered in using highly crystalline carbon, including graphite as a negative electrode. The resulting secondary battery has superior charge-discharge characteristics, load characteristics, and battery characteristics at low temperatures.
NOVELTY - The resin film comprises a metal oxide thin film obtained by dry process, on its one surface. The other surface of the resin film contains the metal oxide thin film obtained by dry process, corona discharge process, electro discharge treatment (at atmospheric pressure in the presence of air, inert gas or vacuum) or plasma treatment.    USE - For use as coverings, roof material, signboard, advertising board. Used for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Weather resistance, dirt resistance and transparency of the resin film are enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal oxide thin film which is obtained by dry process or any other process, contains one or more metal oxides chosen from metals such as silicon, zirconium, titanium, tantalum, hafnium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tin, indium, aluminum, chromium and zinc.
NOVELTY - Active material layer is formed on anode and cathode with binder. The electrodes are joined using polyvinylidene fluoride group resin and heat pressed. A layer of liquid which dissolves organic high molecular compound is coated on the other surface.    USE - For manufacturing polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - Charging and discharging characteristics of the battery can be improved by using predetermined liquid which dissolves solid polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell module comprises: a first electrode layer (2), a semiconductor layer (4), and a second electrode layer (6), which are deposited on a substrate (1) and at least part of which is worked to partition these layers into a number of cells which are electrically connected with each other and sealed with an encapsulant (9); at least part of at least one of these layers which is located at the periphery of the substrate is removed by mechanical means or by laser beam.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell module excellent in dielectric strength, which can be manufactured by making use of very simple process. It is possible to obtain a solar cell module which is free from deterioration of power-generating property due to a corrosion after sealing and which can be manufactured with high productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a thin film solar cell module as above in which a periphery of the electrically connected solar cells is surrounded by a high adhesive strength region, and adhesive strength between this region and the encapsulant is larger than the adhesive strength between the encapsulant and the electrically connected solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a thin film solar cell module.    Substrate (1)    Electrode layer (2)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Second electrode layer (6)    Encapsulant (9)
NOVELTY - Preparing a solution and/or dispersion containing sulfonic(per)fluorinated ionomers comprises dissolving them at between room temperature and 150degreesC (preferably 50-100degreesC) in a monophasic ternary mixture constituted of water, a lower alcohol and a fluoro(poly)oxyalkylene having one hydrogen atom in at least one fluorinated end group in which the polymer particle sizes are in the range 30-100 nm.    USE - The solutions can be used in electrolytic and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The particle size is smaller which increases sulfonic group availability. Preparation does not require high temperatures or the use of pressure equipment such as autoclaves.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for preparing a solution and/or dispersion containing sulfonic (per) fluorinated ionomers having -SO3M functional groups, where m is selected from H, Li, K, NR4 (R selected from H (preferably), CH3, C2H5), comprises dissolving the ionomers at between room temperature and 150 degreesC, preferably between 50 and 100 degreesC, in a monophasic ternary mixture consisting of water in a percentage in the range 0.1-50 wt.%, by an alcohol in a percentage in the range 50-99 wt% and by a fluoro(poly)oxyalkylene having one H atom in at least a fluorinated end group, in a percentage in the range 0.1-40 wt.%, whereby the dispersed polymer particle sizes are in the range 30-100 nm.
NOVELTY - The flat roof tiling includes transparent flat glass and/or plastic. Maximum tile thickness is 8 mm. Tile size is up to 60 cm x 60 cm.    USE - A transparent roofing tile.    ADVANTAGE - The inventor seeks to reduce cost of transparent tiles by mass production, with the possibility of whole-roof covering. Lighter weight is promised, simplifying and lightening framing and support. Natural illumination of the entire loft space is offered. Replacement of defective tiles is simplified. Thermal collection or photovoltaic recovery of solar energy is facilitated. Tile cutting is simplified. Defects in the roofing frame (e.g. damage, rot) are readily spotted and corrected.
NOVELTY - A metal-air cell includes an anode can (110) having a reactive metal, an absorbent layer (140) placed in contact with the anode can, an electrolyte (150) trapped within the absorbent layer, and an air cathode (160) placed in contact with the absorbent layer.    USE - For providing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The device has a reduced size yet still shows higher energy output, longer life and lighter weight as with conventional electrochemical cells. The device is relatively cheap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side cross-sectional view of the metal-air cell.    Anode can (110)    Thin film (130)    Absorbent layer (140)    Electrolyte (150)    Air cathode (160)    Gasket (190)    Mask (200)
NOVELTY - A curable composition for a solid polymer electrolyte comprises: (a) a polysiloxane (A) with SiH groups; (b) a compound (B) containing at least one from benzene ring, siloxy bond, carbonyl group, amide bond and amino group, and having at least two alkenyl groups; (c) a hydrosilylation catalyst (C); and (d) a salt compound electrolyte (D).    USE - For solid polymer electrolytes (claimed) for batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition has excellent processability, and the electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, little temperature dependence and excellent mechanical strength. Compared to conventional solid polymer electrolytes, the electrolyte has no flowability problem, and has improved mechanical strength and moldability.
NOVELTY - An apparatus (100) for removing plasticizer from a polymer sheet comprises a heating member (120) mounted in a cylindrical chamber (104) which is surrounded by a cooling chamber (148) and is connected with a spigot (152) and a vacuum.    USE - For removing plasticizer from a polymer sheets particularly solid state lithium ion battery electrodes and separators.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is efficient and safe, and allows recovery of the plasticizer in a form, which can be readily and easily recycled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of removing plasticizer from a polymer structure comprising heating the polymer structure to a predetermined temperature and vaporizing the plasticizer by applying a vacuum of sufficient pressure so that boiling point of the plasticizer is reduced below the predetermined temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic drawing of the invention.    Apparatus (100)    Cylindrical chamber (104)    Heating member (120)    Cooling chamber (148)    Spigot (152)
NOVELTY - A transparent surface layer (17) having 50 mum thickness and a backing laminate (20) are provided above and below ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) layer (16) respectively by laminating at 130 degreesC. The laminate (20) includes vinyl chloride layer (21), adhesive layer (22) and plastic layer (23) integrally molded.    USE - For solar battery module attachment to concrete roof.    ADVANTAGE - Since the backing laminate is provided having vinyl chloride layer, adhesion of module to concrete roofing is reliable. A special fixture or process is unnecessary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar battery element (11) is sealed by ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (16) and conductive adhesive tapes (11a,11b). The filler of the battery module is material containing low peroxide at decomposition temperature. The frame for glass plate mounting is adhered to upper side surface of the solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery module.    Solar battery element (11)    Conductive adhesive tapes (11a,11b)    Ethylene vinyl acetate (16)    Transparent surface layer (17)    Laminate (20)    Vinyl chloride layer (21)    Adhesive layer (22)    Plastics layer (23)
NOVELTY - A fluorine group resin sheet (1), a thin inorganic metal oxide sheet (2) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin coating film (3) are formed sequentially. The transmittance rate of visible light through the resin sheet is more than or equal to 90%.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Coating film prevents penetration of water component and oxygen. Excellent light resistance, heat resistance, water resistance are secured for solar battery module. Excellent protection capability is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of protection sheet.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Inorganic metal oxide sheet (2)    Coating film (3)
NOVELTY - Multiple solar batteries are distributed between a pair of substrates (21,22). The substrates are made up of cellulose, paper and non-woven fabric. The substrate (21) is semitransparent or transparent. The substrate (21) includes cellophane, glassine, parchment or Japanese paper. The impregnation of oil is performed on the substrate (21). The substrate (22) is opaque.    USE - E.g. solar battery integrated semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - As substrates include cellulose the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of substrates is reduced. Generation of curvature due to change in temperature is prevented, thus device life time is prolonged. Addition of cellulose reduces weight and price. Enables decomposition naturally, and thus expense for discarding is reduced, hence generation of harmful environmental hormone is not performed. Since substrates contain paper, cellophane and non-woven fabric, large quantity of light enters into solar battery thus optoelectric conversion efficiency is enhanced. Impregnation of repellent prevents substrates getting bulged when contacted with water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A water proof film is formed on the substrates (21,22) supporting multiple solar batteries. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery integrated semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of semiconductor device.    Substrates (21,22)
NOVELTY - A secondary battery has: (a) a positive electrode consisting of a lithium transition metal complex oxide capable of absorbing and releasing a lithium ion; (b) a negative electrode consisting of carbon capable of absorbing and releasing a lithium ion; and (c) an organic electrolytic solution.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The blocked hydroxyl group is polymerized with the blocked epoxy group to form the network structure when the battery has elevated temperature. The network structure prevents the lithium ion in the organic electrolytic solution from diffusion. Containing the thermosetting resin composition in the organic electrolytic solution evolves less burst or firing under fire, or heating, or short circuit caused by nailing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The organic electrolytic solution contains a thermosetting resin composition coming to a network structure by heating.
NOVELTY - A binder composition for lithium secondary battery includes polysaccharide composed of D-glucose structural unit having 1, 4-bond and 1, 6-bond, and the organic liquid material.    USE - Effectively used in a note-type computer, a portable telephone, an electronic pocket notebook, or the like.    ADVANTAGE - The battery can keep high charging and discharging property even after the preservation at a high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polysaccharide is denatured starch and/or pullulan. The polysaccharide is hydroxypropyl etherified starch and/or pullulan. The binder composition further includes polymer particles. A slurry is prepared by mixing a carbon active material in the binder composition. An electrode is manufactured by coating and drying the slurry. A battery includes the above- mentioned electrode.
NOVELTY - Several electrically conductive lines (21) are distributed inside a tube (27) so that a gap is formed mutually between the lines and between the line and the peripheral wall of tube. A synthetic resin made filler (26) provided to fill the gap is solidified.    USE - For solid state image pick-up element in endoscope.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to pack several electrically conductive lines such as signal line, power supply line easily. Eliminates need for covering line with insulating tape.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure indicates the block diagram of top view and sectional view of endoscope insertion unit.    Conductive lines (21)    Resin made filler (26)    Tube (27)
NOVELTY - An ion-exchanging film comprises an ion-exchanging compound in which the main chain of the chemical bond of aromatic type units, carboxyl type units, orienting group units and a strong acid group type unit is crosslinked with a crosslinking agent.    USE - For solid polymer type fuel battery, electrochemical sensor, an ion-conductive film for flat panel.    ADVANTAGE - The ion-exchanging film has large and stable ion-conductivity than the conventional perfluoro(alkyl)sulphonic acid film has, because of the molecular design of the polymer forming the film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ion-exchanging film comprises an ion-exchanging compound of formula (1) in which the main chains of the chemical bond of aromatic type unit (I), a carboxyl type unit (II), orienting group unit (III) and a strong acid group type unit(IV) is crosslinked with a crosslinking agent:    h = 1-300;    i = 1-400;    j = 1-50;    k = 1-150;    m = 1-40;    n = 10-1000.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for preparation of the ion-exchanged film which comprises monomer (I), monomer (II), monomer (III), monomer (IV) and a crosslinking agent (V) are polymerized in a molar ratio of (0.2-10):(0.1-8):(0.01-1.0):(0.1-10 ): (0.001-1.0).
NOVELTY - A film deposition system (101) comprises a vacuum vessel (108), device for feeding a raw material gas into it, a discharge electrode (102) on the vessel to form the gas into a plasma, and a conductor (103) for applying high frequency power to the electrode. An earth shield (105) surrounds the power supply conductor inside the vessel, with dielectric materials (104a,b) at least partly disposed between them.    USE - For forming semiconductor thin films, especially amorphous silicon or amorphous alloys for photovoltaic device e.g. solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Applied power loss is reduced, the temperature remains stable, discharge occurs readily even after long use periods and remains uniform. for long periods. The films are formed with high quality and uniformity over a substrate belt that moves continuously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of the system.    system (101)    discharge electrode (102)    power supply conductor (103)    dielectric materials (104a, 104b)    earth shield (105)    vacuum vessel (108)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has (a) a solid polymer fuel cell main body, (b) a fuel reformer, (c) a temperature/humidity exchanger, (d) a separator which separates the moisture from the pre-reacted gas from the exchanger, (e) a mixer which mixes a part of the water from the separator and the fuel, (f) fuel supplier and (g) a mixed liquid supplier which supplies a part of the mixed liquid to the reformer.    USE - Used as a solid polymer fuel cell system which uses a solid polymer having ion conductivity as an electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Freezing in systems which use fuels which do not dissolve in water such as gasoline, is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer fuel cell system has (a) a solid polymer fuel cell main body, (b) a fuel reformer that supplies reformed fuel to the main body where the fuel and water vapor are supplied which have solidification point up to the freezing point, (c) a temperature/humidity exchanger which exchanges heat and moisture of pre-reacted gas which passed the reaction part of the fuel cell main body and the unreacted gas which passed the reaction part of the fuel cell stack, (d) a separation means which separates the moisture from the pre-reacted gas emitted from the exchanger, (e) a mixing means which mixes a part of the water from the separator and the fuel, (f) fuel supply means provides fuel to the mixing means, and (g) a mixed liquid supply means which supplies a part of the mixed liquid to the fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 2 is a drawing which shows an example of the system.    Main Body (100)    Fuel Electrode (100a)    Oxidizing Electrode (100b)    Reformer (101)    Carbon Monoxide Reducer (102)    Fuel Stack (107)    Heat Exchanger (110)    Separator (111)    Oxidizer Exhaust Gas (112)    Mixer (113)    Supply Pump (114)    Mixed Liquid Pump (115)    Vaporizer (116)    Control Unit (117)    Resorber Tank (118)    Electric Fan (119)    Water Cooling Pump (120)    Sensor (121)
NOVELTY - A bipolar plate for use in an electrochemical cell (12) comprises an electrically conductive plate (22, 26) formed from a thermosetting vinyl ester resin embedded with a conductive powder to provide electrical conductivity of 10 S/cm for the bipolar plate.    USE - For use in electrochemical cells, particularly polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) to produce electrical power for stationary and transportation applications. The plate serves as a current collector and impermeable barrier between gases on either side of the plate.    ADVANTAGE - The material is inexpensive, electrically conductive, lightweight, strong, corrosion resistant, easily mass produced and impermeable to hydrogen gas. The plate contains reinforcement fibers, which improve the material's properties without increasing overall cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a material composition for electrochemical cell bipolar plates comprising a vinyl ester resin, and a graphite powder having particle sizes of 80-325 mesh at 20-95 wt.%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view, in cross-section, of a fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell assembly (12)    Conductive plates (22, 26)
NOVELTY - An amorphous carbon layer (face distance=0.34 nm or more; particle size=1-50 mum) is coated on a metal collector with graphite particles as active material, using resin binder. The face distance (d002) of graphite between (002) planes measured by x-ray diffraction is 0.34 nm or less. The electrode capacitance, blow hole rate and density are 400 mAh/cm3 or more, 20-35% and 1.2-1.6 g/cm3, respectively.    USE - For non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The negative electrode is novel. Since an inexpensive amorphous carbon layer is formed on graphite group particles, the cost of negative electrode and secondary battery are reduced. The negative electrode with high density, high volume and an efficient non-aqueous secondary battery are obtained.
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises: a plasticizer containing a lithium salt; a matrix polymer for dispersing the plasticizer; and fibrous insolubles.    USE - Gel electrolyte is used in lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The mechanical strength of the gel electrolyte and gel electrolyte layer are increased. The gel electrolyte is capable of improving cycle characteristic of a lithium ion battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a gel-electrolyte battery (1) which comprises: a positive-electrode-mix layer (3); a negative-electrode-mix layer (5); and a gel-electrolyte layer (6). The gel-electrolyte layer is constituted by a gel electrolyte containing a plasticizer which contains lithium salt, a matrix polymer for dispersing the plasticizer, and fibrous insolubles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the structure of a gel-electrolyte battery.    Gel-electrolyte battery (1)    Positive electrode collector (2)    Positive electrode mix layer (3)    Negative electrode collector (4)    Negative electrode mix layer (5)    Gel electrolyte layer (6)
NOVELTY - Thin film micro-electrochemical energy storage cells (MEESC) has two thin layer electrodes, an intermediate thin layer of a solid electrolyte and current collector layers deposited throughout the inner surface of cavities and on both surfaces of the substrate. The cavities have arbitrary shape with high aspect ratio.    USE - The micro-electrochemical energy storage cell e.g., microbattery, or double-layer capacitor, can be applied to computer memory back-up and many other uses e.g., autonomous micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).    ADVANTAGE - The invented MEESC has a superior performance and has up to two orders of magnitude increase in capacity due to the increase in available area for thin film deposition that leads to an increase in volume.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Thin film micro-electrochemical energy storage cells (MEESC) has two thin layer electrodes, an intermediate thin layer of a solid electrolyte, and optionally, a thin current collector layer. All the layers are deposited in sequence on a surface of a substrate. The MEESC has a substrate provided with cavities of arbitrary shape, with high aspect ratio. The electrodes, solid electrode, and current collector layers are also deposited throughout the inner surface of the cavities and on both surfaces. The solid electrolyte is an ionically-conducting or electronically non-conducting material that can be glass, polymer electrolyte, or polycrystalline material.
NOVELTY - NiO powder of 10-90 wt% is mixed with raw material. The mean particle diameter of NiO powder is 0.1-10 mum and bulk density of 2.0-4.0 g/cm3. The nickel powder has mean particle diameter of 1-15 mum and bulk density of 1.5-5.0 g/cm3.    USE - For manufacturing porous nickel plate used as electrical board of alkali battery, nickel-hydrogen battery. Also as electrode board in high temperature filters, air cleaners, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables obtaining plate with excellent heat and electrical conductivity and with low resistance, thereby suppressing temperature rise of the battery.
NOVELTY - A gas is dissolved in an olefin-type resin, at normal temperature and pressure and melted in an extruder (1). The pressure of the resin at end of the extruder is maintained such that it is more than gas pressure during dissolution. Cooling is performed below crystallization temperature of resin which is -20degreesC. Extrusion is performed to obtain a compact which is drawn uniaxially.    USE - For use as separator for batteries, diaphragm for electrolytic capacitors, filter.    ADVANTAGE - A porous film having fine three-dimensional stitch structure is obtained. Shock resistance, wear resistance and slide property of the porous film are enhanced. Melt viscosity of the resin is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the manufacture of porous film.    Extruder (1)
NOVELTY - A model film consists of a polyester film which has silicone release layer on side(s). The central line average of roughness height of silicone release layer is 0.4 microns or less. The amount of silicone transferred from silicone release layer, as measured by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis is 5 atomic percent or less.    USE - Used for solid electrolyte casting (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The model film has release layer whose shape is non-transferable and the amount of silicone transferred to other layers from the release layer is reduced.
NOVELTY - A heater, circulation unit and cooling unit are provided in the battery for heating, circulating and cooling the heat transport medium respectively. Temperature of the fuel battery which generates electricity using heating gas and oxidation gas is adjusted by the circulating unit.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel battery for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Heat generated is controlled and put to effective use. As battery is run above a constant temperature, poisoning is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid polymeric type fuel battery.
NOVELTY - In fuel battery main laminate part (12), gas passages are laminated in order so that fuel and oxidizing agent gas are supplied to two different poles of cell. A supplement laminate part (13) has electric current path. Fuel and oxidizing agent gas are passed via supplement laminate part before supplying to gas passage in main laminate part. The load (13a) of supplement laminate part is controlled.    USE - For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Deterioration of battery characteristic by poisoning of a catalyst is prevented, thus improving the efficiency of electricity generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Each cell has electrodes having gaseous diffusion property distributed to both sides of an ion conductive electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the typically the composition of fuel battery laminate.    Fuel battery main laminate part (12)    Supplement laminate part (13)    Load (13a)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive thin film configured on at least one side of plastic film containing resin forms electrode base material. The plastic film consists of a resin which has acid amide or acid imide linkage.    USE - For anode and cathode of secondary battery used in audio and camcorder apparatus, portable computer and telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Energy density and volume of battery are raised with weight reduction. As elasticity of the resin film is large, handling during battery manufacture is easy. Resin with amide or imide bonding excels in heat resistance and mechanical strength and cycle characteristics of the battery are improved greatly.
NOVELTY - Air battery (1) contains granulated zinc, aqueous potassium hydroxide solution and negative electrode mixture (6) containing gelatinizer mixture and 0.1-1 weight percent (wt.%) of lithium hydroxide. The gelatinizer is poly acrylic acid or its cross-linked salt. The ratio of potassium hydroxide to the gelatinizer is 4-10 wt.%.    USE - For portable electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - Zinc corrosion is reduced and generation of hydrogen gas is restrained. Raise in internal pressure of battery is protected thus enabling the break through of aqueous potassium hydroxide. The air battery has good leak-proof property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of air battery.    Air battery (1)    Negative electrode mixture (6)
NOVELTY - A solar collector has solar cell connection leads (2) with a deformable elongated deviation region (31).    USE - As a modular solar collector.    ADVANTAGE - The design reduces or eliminates mechanical stress-related contact problems, especially junction resistance increase and/or lead breakage, between the individual solar cells of a module, while retaining a low space requirement for the leads.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar collector has planar solar cells (12) connected by leads (2) having a deviation region (31) in a plane parallel to the cell plane. The deviation region is extremely shallow in the transverse direction or at least not significantly thicker than the cells, is highly deformable in its plane and forms an extra length, along the geometrical connection path between the cell connections, which is not consumed by thermal length changes over the entire possible temperature range of solar collector use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of a module for a solar collector.    connection leads (2)    solar cells (12)    cell connection points (21)    deviated regions (31)
NOVELTY - A gasket material consists of a vulcanized molded part formed of heat hardening perfluoroether-based liquid fluorocarbon rubber.    USE - The gasket material is used for a battery, capacitor, ultracapacitance, or fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gasket material reduces contamination and denaturation relative to a liquid or a gas to be sealed in the gasket material and exerts less influence caused by the liquid, the gas, heat, and ozone to produce the gasket material having prolonged life and high reliability. The gasket material also has low hardness, chemicals resistance (liquid resistance), heat resistance (resistance to permanent set in fatigue). Particularly, the thin gasket material yields the small battery, capacitor having prolonged life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat hardening perfluoroether-based liquid fluorocarbon rubber consists of (CF2CF(CF3)O)n.
NOVELTY - The electrode catalyst has carbon fine powder at the ratio of 20% or less as support, carrying noble metals. The pores in the catalyst has pore diameter of 60 Angstrom or less.    USE - For use in solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode catalyst has high catalytic activity and electrode excels in gaseous diffusion property. The pore distribution, DBP oil absorption rate and specific surface area of carbon fine powder improves its utilization factor as electrode catalyst.
NOVELTY - Unit cells (2) and protective circuit board (3) are embedded inside a protector (8). The protector is made of a thermosetting resin or an insulating polymer. The unit cell and protective circuit board are arranged within a battery pack (1).    USE - For use as power supply of electric equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Composition of battery pack is simplified and electrolyte leakage is prevented. Prevents damage of protective circuit board by water while maintaining satisfactory heat release to protector exterior.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of battery pack.    Battery pack (1)    Unit cells (2)    Protective circuit board (3)    Protector (8)
NOVELTY - The battery case contains a vent which is provided with a resin gasket (7) containing a circular thin film part (14). The gasket consists of a center section (11) and a connection part (12) which connects a periphery edge (10). The thin film part which is provided between the center section and the connection part, is inclined towards the inner side of the battery from the center section.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Dependability, reliability and safety of the battery are enhanced. Explosion of the battery is prevented even when the battery internal pressure is raised.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery consists of a case accommodated with an electricity generation unit. The case contains a vent which is provided with a resin gasket containing a circular thin film part. The thin film part is ruptured by the gas pressure. The periphery edge is closed to the vent of the battery case.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded half-sectional drawing and top view of the battery.    Gasket (7)    Periphery edge (10)    Center section (11)    Connection part (12)    Circular thin film part (14)
NOVELTY - The power generating element (1) is sealed with outer cladding film (13) by thermo-bonding. A portion of the sealing part (14) functions as safety valve such that thermo-bonding temperature of sealing part (14) is made lower compared to rest of sealing parts.    USE - For manufacturing polymer lithium secondary battery used in various electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - An excellent sealing property is attained. Rupture due to internal pressure rising is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view diagram of polymer lithium secondary battery.    Power generating element (1)    Outer cladding film (13)    Sealing part (14)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric device (100) comprises a substrate (102), two electrodes, and a photoactive channel layer (106) which is interposed between the electrodes. The first electrode (104) is formed on the substrate.    USE - The photoelectric device is used in channel architecture.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive device is made from low-cost materials, simple to fabricate, and exhibits a high efficiency for converting incident radiation to electrical power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows schematic view of the photoelectric device    Photoelectric device (100)    Substrate (102)    First electrode (104)    Photoactive channel layer (106)    Second electrode (108)
NOVELTY - The lithium salt concentration in the separator (5) is higher than that in the anode and cathode.    USE - For portable apparatus such as portable telephone, PHS and personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium cell has excellent capacity and high charging and discharging property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents sectional view of the lithium cell.    Separator (5)
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous electrolytic solution consists of a nonaqueous solvent containing a fluorine-containing ester compound and an electrolyte. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Also included is an INDEPENDENT CLAIM in which the fluorine-containing ester of formula [1] is new. R-COO-(AO)n-CH2-X (1) R = 1-20C hydrocarbon; X = 1-10C fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon; A = 2-4C alkylene; and n = 1-30.    USE -   The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used for the secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The nonaqueous electrolytic solution has a low exothermic rate caused by a reaction with the anode, and superior safety. The resulting nonaqueous electrolytic solution has ion conductivity on a practical level, and has no separation of the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon type solid polymer electrolyte film (1) includes at least one catalyst among oxide catalyst, a large cyclic metal complex catalyst and transition metal alloy catalyst.    USE - For fuel battery of electrically driven motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the electrolyte film consists of at least one type of catalyst, high durable inexpensive solid polymer electrolyte film is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrode for fuel batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solid polymer electrolyte film in fuel battery.    Hydrocarbon type solid polymer electrolyte film (1)
NOVELTY - A catalyst composition for a fuel battery is arranged at the electrode of a fuel battery to generate electric energy through electric chemical reaction between electrolyte and gas by bringing gas into contact with the back of a battery arranged with an electrolyte nipped between. The catalyst composition has carbon powder carrying a precious metal catalyst and a binder of fluorine resin.    USE - None given    ADVANTAGE - Diffusion ability of gas is improved, and a catalyst is always efficient and uniformly activated.
NOVELTY - The anode (12) has sequential arrangement of anode catalyst (19), carbon catalyst (20) and gaseous diffusion portion (18). The anode catalyst has alloy portion (19a) and non-alloy portion (19b), where platinum and ruthenium metals are alloyed and unalloyed, respectively.    USE - Solid polymer film electrolytic fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - An improved anode catalyst is obtained. A big metal surface is securable with a simple composition. Voltage reduction is restrained, even when load is taken to high current density area. Battery durability is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer film electrolytic fuel battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows anode structure of battery.    Anode (12)    Anode catalyst (19)    Alloy portion (19a)    Non-alloy portion (19b)
NOVELTY - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises anode mixture (AM) containing lithium titanium oxide (Li4/3Ti5/3O4), cathode mixture (CM) containing lithium doped with carbon and non-aqueous electrolyte. The AM contains fluorine type resin binder and graphite carbon as electrically conductive material. The deposition of AM and CM of surface area (S) and thickness (t) satisfy preset relation.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is used for electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has improved over discharge and cyclic properties. The operating potential is more than 0 V and has 1.5 V. The battery has compatibility with nickel cadmium secondary battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anode and cathode mixture are deposited on surface area S (mm2) and thickness of t (mm) and satisfy the following relation (2S/500/1.3) less than t less than (2S/500asterisk1.2).
NOVELTY - A lead storage battery consists of a cap (7) which is inserted at the upper part of terminals (2,3). The cap is made of a synthetic resin and it displays polarity by color exception.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The polarity displayed on the cap is made visible even though the cap wears out. The external terminal can be easily attached to the cap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of terminals of lead storage battery.    Cap (7)    Electrode terminals (2,3)
NOVELTY - Solid battery elements (6) consisting of solid electrolyte interposed in between positive and negative electrodes, are covered by an outer cladding object and pressure is applied to all solid battery elements inside the outer cladding object.    USE - Solid batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the expansion and contraction of electrodes and the poor joining at the solid electrolyte boundary surface in the battery element and thereby prevents the deterioration of the battery characteristic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solid battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the metallic mold for the resin sealing of solid batteries.    Solid battery elements (6)
NOVELTY - Protective sheet has a layer which contains cyclic olefin type ring-opening polymer or hydrogenated cyclic olefin type ring-opening polymer.    USE - For solar battery modules (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has excellent weather resistance and damp proof property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module which consists of sequential lamination of a surface protection layer, a solar battery element and a back-side protective layer. Optionally, an adhesive layer is provided between the surface protection layers and solar battery elements.
NOVELTY - A connection electrode (3b) is separated from connection electrode (4a) by a separation line (L1). The separation lines (L1-L3) separate solar battery units and make electrodes of each unit to the isolated from each other. The connection electrode (4a) covers a portion opposing the separation line of the connection electrode (3b).    USE - For thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Since the electrodes are isolated from each other, damaging of electrode during laser processing is avoided and thin film solar battery module is manufactured in short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The connection electrode (4a) is connected to an electrode (2a) and connection electrode (3b) is connected to another electrode (1a). The electrodes (1a,2a) and photoelectric conversion layer (P) are laminated to a substrate (S). The substrate consists of aramid, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylenenaphthalate or polycarbonate. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film solar battery module manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the condition of forming film on electrode layer of thin film solar battery module.    Electrodes (1a,2a)    Connection electrodes (3b,4a)    Separation lines (L1-L2-L3)    Photoelectric conversion layer (P)    Substrate (S)
NOVELTY - A binder containing cellulose is combined to carbon powder to form a carbon containing layer on an electro-conductive thin film.    USE - For lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery which uses the laminate containing carbon powder and binder has increased durability and improved cycle characteristics. Since the binder contains cellulose, it withstands the strong stresses during casting and processing. The adhesion between metal collector and carbon layer is maintained even when repeatedly subjected to charging and discharging. Therefore the battery characteristics is continued and stabilized for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) A laminate in which carbon-containing layer with the binder is laminated to at least one surface of an electro-conductive thin film. (2) Lithium secondary battery which contains an electro-conductive collector (among anode(1) or cathode(2)) and at least one of its surfaces is laminated with carbon layer containing binder. The binder enables the occlusion and release of lithium ions.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of battery.    Anode (1)    cathode (2)    Separator (3)    Electrode leads (4,5)    External terminals (6,7)
NOVELTY - The battery has a polymer electrolyte, to which an intermetallic compound is added.    USE - Polymer electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of reaction of the polymer electrolyte and intermetallic compound, at the time of charging and discharging of battery, is made less, thereby preventing deterioration of polymer electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional explanatory drawing of the internal structure of polymer electrolyte battery.
NOVELTY - Gas diffusion electrodes (46) are maintained on both sides of polymer electrolyte through contact (42). The gas path (54e) connecting the contact, is held by the supports (52). The adjacent supports of each battery cell are connected by a screw.    USE - For vehicle mounted device.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies assembly, by laminating the battery cells orderly and stably through screw. Raises charging characteristics, as each electrode contact is maintained stably at uniform pressure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the decomposition sectional view of the solid polymeric type fuel battery.    Contact (42)    Electrodes (46)    Supports (52)    Gas path (54e)
NOVELTY - Heating gas is supplied to lateral anodes in each unit battery cell (12) through manifold. Oxidizing gas is supplied to the lateral cathodes through path (36). Coolant is supplied to each cell through path (44) with coolant outlet connecting fuel and oxidizing gas paths.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery stack.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents condensation of water, by minimizing the temperature difference between the manifold and battery cell. As coolant outlet is arranged at the inlet of fuel and oxidizing gas paths, temperature variation is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anodes and cathodes are separated by the separator through solid polymer electrolyte film. The coolant outlet is set at the entrance side of fuel and oxidizing gas paths.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric view of the fuel battery stack.    Battery cell (12)    Oxidizing gas path (36)    Coolant path (44)
NOVELTY - Supply pipes (54,56) formed at end plate (32) are connected to heating gas and oxidizing agent gas supply flow paths (38,40). Similarly, the emission pipes (60,58) are connected to oxidizing agent gas and heating gas emission flow paths (46,44). The supply and emission pipes have an enlargement section (68) with a step (70).    USE - In fuel battery stack.    ADVANTAGE - Unnecessary introduction of water inside fuel battery by reverse flow is prevented hence electricity generation is maintained effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional explanatory drawing of fuel battery stack.    End plate (32)    Heating gas and oxidizing agent gas supply path (38,40)    Heating gas and oxidizing agent gas emission flow paths (44,46)    Supply pipes (54,56)    Emission pipes (58,60)    Enlargement section (68)    Step (70)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is capable of intercalation or insertion of lithium, or which comprises lithium metal or its alloy; (b) a positive electrode which comprises a mixture of lithium cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt oxide; and (c) a non aqueous electrolyte.    USE - The mixed electrode active material is used as cathode in primary and secondary alkali metal electrochemical cells, especially lithium ion cells.    ADVANTAGE - The mixed material exhibits increased capacity during high-rate discharge (due to a combination of the high-power density of the lithium cobalt oxide and the high capacity of the lithium nickel cobalt oxide) compared with either oxide alone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the cell by activating these electrodes with a non aqueous electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Unit cell (2) is housed in exterior laminated film packaging material (3) formed with spacing (6) whose depth corresponds to cell (2) thickness. Electrode terminal leads connected to respective cell electrodes are led out from inside the material (3) which is heat fused around the spacing by deep drawing. The heat fused portion is folded on itself, except the portion where leads are led out.    USE - For cordless and portable electronic equipment, e.g. a notebook type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The projection area of the cell in the portable size electronic equipment can be reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably, the heat-fused portion of the exterior packaging material (3), except the portion from which the leads are led out, is folded on the surface of the material (3) opposite to the surface carrying the space formed by deep drawing.    The folded portion of the exterior packaging material (3) is immobilized by an adhesive transfer tape including an acrylic adhesive layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a non-aqueous electrolyte cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a unit cell about to be inserted into the inside of an exterior packaging material.    Non-aqueous electrolyte cell (1)    Unit cell (2)    Exterior packaging material (3)    Negative terminal lead (4)    Positive terminal lead (5)    Spacing (6)
NOVELTY - Coating a glass substrate involves laying down layers of different thermosetting material in powder form one upon the other on a substrate, and applying heat to melt and fuse the powders into respective coatings bonded together on the substrate.    USE - The method is for coating a glass substrate, and which can also be applied to the manufacture of solar and other panels where an interlayer is to be inserted.    ADVANTAGE - A good laminate without thinning or pressing out of the melt is obtained, and the method avoids show-through where color or opacity is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for bonding two surfaces together using two bonding materials that have different cure-rates. The material of lower cure rate is applied to the material of higher cure-rate while this latter material is in the uncured state, prior to curing of both.
NOVELTY - Treatment of copper mesh current collector comprises placing the collector which is made as cathode in an electrolyte solution, followed by energizing and maintaining the system at a current density of 5-20 amperes/foot2 for 0.5-3.0 minutes, removing the collector and rinsing with water. The electrolyte solution comprises 2-25g/l of cuprous ion and 30-100g/l of sulfuric acid.    USE - For use in lithium-ion and/or lithium-ion polymer batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The peeling strength (an indication of surface adhesion) between the anode film and the copper current collectors is significantly increased with the treated copper current collectors. The peeling strength of the treated copper collectors is about 9 times as that of the untreated copper collectors. Batteries manufactured with treated copper current collectors has enhanced cycle life, conductivity, performance rate and self discharge and also exhibits a significant reduction in impedance as compared to batteries with untreated copper current collectors. The surface treatment of copper current collectors also increases the surface area and surface roughness of the current collector, thereby facilitating a better mechanical interlocking between the current collector and electrode film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the treatment of a copper foil which is used in forming a mesh current collector or can be used directly as a current collector.
NOVELTY - Flow paths for reactant gas and coolant liquid are provided in conductive end plate units (28,30). The inlets and outlets of flow paths are defined by headers (12) that are made of non-conductive material and define internal ports communicating with the flow paths of reactant gas and coolant liquid.    USE - For stacking fuel cells in power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Stacking efficiency of fuel cell is improved remarkably, since the end plate units are effectively connected to inlet and exit manifolds of fuel and fluid coolant. Productivity is improved by usage of non-conductive polymeric material for headers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one header has one or more coolant outlet port for connection with supply of fluid coolant. One or more reactant inner port is provided in at least one header for communication with reactant source. The end plate units are fabricated from lightweight conductive material and headers are made of polymeric material with fiber reinforced filler added for improved strength and for lower coefficient of thermal expansion. Removable fasteners are provided to secure the headers to anode plate assemblies. The end plate units are rectangular and have notched end portions to receive the headers. The cathode plate assemblies have end portions aligned with one other in the stack. The headers project beyond the aligned end portions for communication between the headers. The reactant gas used is hydrogen and coolant is water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view of stacking assembly for fuel cells.    Header (12)    Conductive end plate units (28,30)
(KR99030002-A)   NOVELTY - A positive electrode comprises a positive electrode with organosulfur compound. The organosulfur compound is capable of forming sulfur-sulfur bond by electrolytic oxidation and is reversibly generated by reductive cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur bond.    USE - For secondary battery useful for portable electronic devices, e.g., mobile telecommunication tools and notebook computers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has high capacity and good reversibility. It also provides an improved secondary battery having high energy density, extended cycle life, and good reversibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A positive electrode comprises:    (i) a positive electrode material comprising an organosulfur compound, a cathode active component(s) and an electrically conductive ingredient(s); and    (ii) an electrically conductive current collector made of copper (Cu) or Cu alloy on which the positive electrode material is placed.    The organosulfur compound is capable of forming sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bond by electrolytic oxidation and reversibly regenerated by reductive cleavage of S-S bond. The cathode active component(s) has a multiple oxidation states, which undergoes oxidation when battery is charged and reduction when battery is discharged. The active component(s) can be tin, selenium, antimony, arsenic, their alloys, and/or their ionic salts. The electrically conductive ingredient(s) is a conductive carbon or electrically conductive polymer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an improved secondary battery having high energy density and good reversibility comprising a positive electrode; a solid polymer electrolyte having lithium salt and negative electrode made of lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium intercalation material from graphite, hard carbon, carbon fiber, or polyacene.
NOVELTY - A corrugated board is installed in a molding box, on which a liquid thermosetting resin whose viscosity is 0.5-5 poises is filled. The casting and hardening is performed and resin substrate is peeled from the vitrified carbonization of resin hardened substrate is obtained by baking.    USE - For molding substrate for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The resin of specific viscosity is filled on substrate and casting is performed, hence precised concavo-convex structure of substrate is easily molded. The solar battery with higher photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The molding method of substrate in an alternate manner involves arranging the substrate in the molding box, on which powdered thermosetting resin is filled and hot pressure casting is performed. The pressure of 0.2-20 Ton/cm2 is subjected to obtain resin hardened board. The resin substrate is peeled from corrugated cardboard and vitrified carbonization of resin hardened board is obtained by baking.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte contains a crosslinked polymer prepared from a specific N-containing source polymer compound and an electrophilic reagent having at least two functional groups.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolyte contains a crosslinked polymer prepared from a specific nitrogen-containing source polymer compound and a compound selected from the ones of formula (II) or formula R5DER4 (III). The source polymer has the repeating unit of formula -(CH2C(Z)(R1)x(A)y- (I). R1 = H or 1-4C alkyl group; Z = N-containing hetero-ring group; A = a group derived from a compound having ethylenic unsaturated groups; x = 5-100 mol%; y = 0-95 mol%; R2, R3 = alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl group; R4 = cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, acyloxy, carbonamide, phosphoric acid, phosphono, phosphino, phosphoryl, carbamoyl, urethane, urea, carbonate, sulphonamide, sulphamoyl, sulphoxide, sulphone, sulphonyl, nitro, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkenylene, or arylene group; a, b, c = 0 or 1; D = -O-, -OC(O)-, or -OC(O)O-; R5 = hetero-ring, or alkyl or alkenyl group having hetero-rings.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a photo-electron transducer comprising a conductive support, a semiconductor-containing layer coated on the conductive support, a layer containing the new electrolyte, and a counter electrode; and (2) a photo-electrochemical cell comprising the photo-electron transducer.    USE -   For dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells, generating electricity from sunlight.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte provides dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells with a higher current output of 4-8 mA/cm2 and an improved operating life; keeping about 70 % of its original performance after 480 hr continuous operation.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte contains a non-crosslinking vinyl polymer having quaternary salt of a nitrogen-containing hetero-ring or quaternary ammonium salt on its side chain.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non-crosslinking vinyl polymer is of formula (I). R1, R3 = H, alkyl, or aryl; R2 = group having quaternary salt of nitrogen-containing hetero ring or quaternary ammonium salt; R4 = group having nitrogen-containing hetero ring or tert-amine; D, E = connecting group; d, e = 0 or 1; A = group derived from ethylenic unsaturated group; a = 1-100 wt.%; b = 0-99 wt.%; c = 0-80 wt.%.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for: (1) a photo-electrochemical cell comprising a charge transporting layer which contains the new electrolyte and a counter electrode of semiconductor sensitive to radiation.    USE -   For dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The new electrolyte provides dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells with an improved operating life.
NOVELTY - The secondary battery has a cathode (2) containing fibrous spherical shaped graphite as active material. The aspect ratio of graphite is 5 or less. The electrolyte of battery contains 30% or more of phosphate, 30% or less of cyclic carbonate or at least one kind of 2% or more of carbonate polymer, in volume ratio.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery e.g. lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The secondary battery excels in load characteristics and has high charging and discharging efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Cathode (2)
NOVELTY - The sheet (3) having phosphoric acid proof, insulation and heat resistance is coated along inner side of the manifold (2). The packing consists of silicone rubber, or ethylene propylene rubber, is arranged between the manifold and the fuel battery (5) to seal gap between sheet and manifold.    USE - For sealing manifold used in supply/ejection of heating gas and oxidizing agent gas in phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables isolation of packing from phosphoric acid contained in exhaust gas. Expands selection range of material of packing by enabling usage of packing having material with non-phosphoric acid proof property. Reduces cost of battery by using inexpensive material with small rate of compression deformation in packing. Maintains excellent sealing of manifold for long time period. Reduces weight of manifold by avoiding need for application of excessive tightening load to manifold. Expands life span of packing by avoiding surplus compressive stress generation in packing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of fuel battery.    Manifold (2)    Sheet (3)    Fuel battery (5)
NOVELTY - The supply hole (8a) and the emission hole (8b) of oxidizing agent gas are formed on a separator (11). The set holes (12a,12b) are formed adjacent to the supply hole and the emission hole respectively. The set holes are made to contact the flow groove (8c) of the separator.    USE - For e.g. solid polymer type fuel battery used in vehicle, space craft.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies uniform supply of heating gas, oxidizing agent gas and cooling water by forming set holes. Improves efficiency of power generation by preventing cell deterioration. Stabilizes characteristics of battery by facilitating efficient removal of formed water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid polymer electrolyte film with ion conductivity is supported by the porous electrode plates. The separator is arranged outside the electrode plates. The supply hole and the set hole (12b) are made to face each other. The emission hole and other set hole (12a) are made to face each other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of separator.    Supply hole (8a)    Emission hole (8b)    Flow groove (8c)    Separator (11)    Set holes (12a,12b)
NOVELTY - The pressure is applied to connect the solid polymer electrolyte film (1) to the anode (2) and the cathode (3). The pressure is adjusted to that film thickness of the power generation area (6) of the electrolyte film is set smaller than film thickness of the sealing portion (7) of power generation area.    USE - For manufacturing contact piece of solid polymer electrolyte film and electrodes for solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage of electrolyte film without affecting property of battery. Reduces manufacturing cost of battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of single cell of fuel battery.    Solid polymer electrolyte film (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Power generation area (6)    Sealing portion (7)
NOVELTY - A pair of fuel electrodes and air pole are provided to support solid polymer electrolyte film. The weight ratio of solid polymer electrolyte and carbon fine powder included in fuel electrode is set larger than that in air pole.    USE - In e.g. solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery used as power supply for electric vehicle, space craft.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide proof catalyst poisoning property of fuel electrode and excellent drainage property of air pole are exhibited by setting weight ratio of carbon fine powder and solid polymer electrolyte fuel electrode and air pole suitably.
NOVELTY - A secondary battery outer covering in the form of a bag (6) comprises protective layer, water vapor permeability layer, electric insulating layer and an adhesive layer containing polyolefin resin which has a polar group. The terminals (4) of secondary battery is pinched into the adhesive layer and mouth part (6a) of the bag is welded in the form of a tape.    USE - For secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - A light weight and compact secondary battery with excellent air resistance is obtained. Leakage of electrolyte from adhesion part of terminal and bag is prevented. Penetration of water component or gas and property reduction are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of secondary battery.    Terminal (4)    Bag (6)    Mouth part (6a)
NOVELTY - A mineral salt is added to poly (ethylene glycol) bis (carboxymethyl) ether (PEO-CA) and composite of pyrazine (Py), 4,4'-bipyridyl (Bpy) or 1,3,5- triazine (Tri) to obtain solid polymer electrolyte.    USE - As a film of solid batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte using poly (ethylene glycol) bis (carboxymethyl) ether which coupled the organic base by the hydrogen bond is provided.
NOVELTY - On front and back of a solar battery element (4), front and back cover layers (1,3) with respective filler layers (2,2') are formed, accordingly. Principal component of filler layer has resin of ethylene alpha olefin copolymer polymerized using simple single site catalyst, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer or silicone resin, with cross linking agent.    USE - For covering front or back surface of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in productivity, saving resource property and cost reduction property of solar battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the cover film manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of solar battery module with cover film.    Front cover layer (1)    Filler layers (2,2')    Back cover layer (3)    Solar battery element (4)
NOVELTY - The thin film operated in high temperature area and solidifying the electrolyte comprises coagulants conductive providing agent. A chemical bond of inorganic and organic materials is carried out to fixed length on nano level inside conductive providing agent.    USE - For electrochemical device of high temperature area, efficient transduction device containing fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides polymer fuel battery of high usage facility by inhibiting poisoning of CO to the fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte content thin film manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte film contains sulfonic acid group and cross-linking agent comprising sulfur.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability and durability. The manufacturing process is inexpensive. The gas transmittance of the electrolyte is low and battery output is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of solid polymer electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte film (1) that laminated the catalyst layer (2) formation material is heated so that the catalyst layer surface might touch a solid polymer electrolyte film within which the electrolyte films are pinched.    USE - For polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The deformation of peripheral parts of the electrolyte film is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model diagram showing the production process of the catalyst layer- electrolyte film contact piece using the electrolyte film.    Electrolyte film (1)    Catalyst layer (2)
NOVELTY - Cooling medium feed hopper (42) is provided in center of separator (14b). The separators (14a,14b) are joined via fuel battery cell (12). Exhaust outlet (44) is provided in periphery of electricity generator. The outlet and feed hopper communicates through whorl-shaped cooling medium flow path (48).    USE - In fuel battery stack.    ADVANTAGE - Since a whorl-shaped flow path is provided, the cooling medium has greatest endogenic function in center of electricity generator and tends to cool as it reaches periphery of the generator. Hence temperature distribution is equalized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows isometric view of fuel battery stack.    Fuel battery cell (12)    Separators (14a,14b)    Feed hopper (42)    Exhaust outlet (44)    Flow path (48)
NOVELTY - A polymeric gel electrolyte comprises acrylonitrile group copolymer or polymethacrylonitrile and a non-aqueous solvent. The polymer comprises 10 mol% or more of methacrylonitrile units. The non-aqueous solvent has a viscosity of 1.0 cP or less and contains 5 weight% (wt.%) or more of a non-aqueous electrolyte consisting of a supporting electrolyte salt.    USE - For secondary batteries, especially lithium secondary batteries used in portable telephones, personal computers, etc and for electroluminescent elements.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric gel electrolyte has high ionic conductivity in a large temperature range. The electrolyte has heat resistance and favorable cycle characteristic. The polymeric gel electrolyte has uniform composition and phase separation of the polymeric gel and non-aqueous solvent does not occur.
NOVELTY - Packaging material formed by laminated film includes at least a metal layer and a heat fused layer. Heat fused layer is arranged on inner side of metal layer and comprises layers (I) containing the same monomeric unit. Mixed layer where plastic materials of layers (I) co-exist is formed between layers (I) such that heat fused layer forms a continuous film not having a definite boundary surface.    USE - For cordless and portable electronic equipment such as a personal notebook.    ADVANTAGE - The packaging material exhibits high hermetic sealing and bonding properties, high reliability and reduced thickness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thickness of the heat fused layer is 20-40 microns, and the innermost layer of the layers (I) is formed of a plastic material having dynamic viscoelasticity below 15% within 5 degrees C from the melting point. The heat fused layer includes a plastic material layer such that when a 25 microns thick film of the plastic material is placed in an environment of temperature 40 degrees C and relative humidity 90% it transmits not more than 10 g/m2 steam.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of a solid electrolyte cell according to the invention.    Unit cell (1)    Packaging material (2)    Negative terminal lead (3)    Positive terminal lead (4)
NOVELTY - A solar module comprises a flat, flexible solar cell laminate (14) with a transparent protective plastic film on one side. The protective film has at least one base layer (20) made of polycarbonate, polymethacrylate or a material with similar scratch resistance, impact resistance and long life.    USE - The arrangement is used as a solar module.    ADVANTAGE - The module has good mechanical resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the laminate.    Laminate (14)    Base layer (20)
NOVELTY - Two glass sheets are joined together at three sides to form glass stack by sealing glass at stack ends with clearance provided between sheets. Commutated photoelectric transducers are inserted into stack produced in this way. Module obtained is heated to 50-80 C and potted in optically transparent liquid such as liquid silicone polymethylene siloxane or refined vegetable oil (rape seed oil, for example).    USE - Solar power engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Improved service life and power output of module due to better optical transparency of transducer coating. 3 cl, 1 dwg
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous electrolytic solution consists of a nonaqueous solvent containing a fluorine-containing carbonate compound, and an electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fluorine-containing carbonate compound of formulae R-OCOO-(AO)n-CH2-X (I) or X-CH2O-(AO)n-COO-(AO)n-CH2-Y (II) is new. In formula (I), R = 1-20C hydrocarbon; X, Y = 1-10C fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon; A = 2-4C alkylene; m, n = 1-30.    USE -   The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used for the lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The nonaqueous electrolytic solution has a low exothermic rate by a reaction with the positive electrode, superior safety, no electrolyte separation. Its ion conductivity is of practical level.
NOVELTY - Thermoplastic resin film (15) is laminated on base film (12) by applying tension along biaxial direction to form laminated film (18).    USE - The laminated film is useful as sealing film for solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The laminated film without wrinkles and air bubble is produced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows (a) typical top view and (b) side view of the manufacture of laminated film.    Base film (12)    Thermoplastic resin film (15)    Laminated film (18)
NOVELTY - A portion of conductor (22) is covered by a wire (23). The portion other than the wire covered portion and also a part of conductor are coated by butyl group rubber (24). The end portion of the conductor is not covered by the rubber.    USE - For solar panel.    ADVANTAGE - Since the conductor is covered by butyl group rubber, the penetration of water or gas is prevented, therefore poor insulation between solar battery cells is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The butyl group rubber (24) provided on the conductor is covered by a heat shrinking tube (25). The butyl group rubber is moisture resistance material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of lead wire.    Conductor (22)    Wire (23)    Butyl group rubber (24)    Heat shrinking tube (25)
NOVELTY - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for flowing the reactants in countercurrent flow. At least one of the reactant is introduced in a dry non-humidified state.    USE - For use as a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The invented assembly is self-humidifying and can maintain hydration of the fuel cell membrane without requiring additional components for humidifying reactant streams prior to their introduction into the fuel cell stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A self-humidifying polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly having an ion-exchange membrane (12) interposed between a pair of electrodes to form a membrane/electrode assembly (10) (MEA), comprises a fuel flow field plate (20), and an oxidant flow field plate (22). Each plate has a flow field channel (34, 36) for allowing the flow of the reactants in countercurrent direction adjacent the respective diffusion layers. At least one of the channels employs forced convection of the stream through the diffusion layers (14, 16). The MEA interposed between the fuel and oxidant diffusion layers. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of maintaining membrane hydration in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell comprising introducing fuel and oxidant reactants into the fuel cell through their respective inlets, where at least one reactant is introduced in a dry, non-humidified state; communicating the reactants through respective channels; and exhausting the reactants through the outlets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a PEM fuel cell assembly of this invention.    Membrane/electrode assembly (10)    Ion-exchange membrane (12)    Diffusion layers (14, 16)    Fuel flow field plate (20)    Oxidant flow field plate (22)    Flow field channels (34, 36)
NOVELTY - A cooling subsystem includes a coolant comprising a mixture of water and a glycol solvent, and a circulation loop comprising an ion-exchange unit.    USE - For providing antifreeze and corrosion protection for a fuel cell system i.e., solid polymer fuel cell system. The fuel cell system can be used in automotive applications and back-up or remote power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Liquid-cooled fuel cell system equipped with a glycol-based cooling subsystem of this invention can be operated for a substantial period of time without suffering significant corrosion and without needing replacement or servicing of the ion exchange unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a liquid-cooled fuel cell system including a cooling subsystem of this invention; and    (b) a method of providing antifreeze and corrosion protection for a fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolytic liquid comprises an electrolyte and a non-aqueous solvent containing a fluorinated ether compound and carbonate ester.    USE - The liquid is used as an electrolytic liquid for Li ion secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolytic liquid has excellent safety and electrical properties, since the rate of heat generation by reaction with the anode is very low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fluorinated ether compound is represented by general formula (1) or (2).    RO-(AO)n-CH2-X (1)    X-CH2-(AO)n-CH2-X (2)    R = 1-20C hydrocarbon ;    X = 1-10C fluorinated hydrocarbon ;    A = 2-4C alkylene group ;    n = integer between 1 and 30.
NOVELTY - A freeze protected conduit (10) comprises an elongated conduit (12) and a flexible membrane (18) for conveying or containing aqueous liquid. The membrane is disposed in adjacent with a compressible elastomeric material (14). The elastomeric material is supported by a rigid support member (26) which is a liquid permeable.    USE - The conduit is used in heat transfer applications (claimed), e.g., solar thermal collector or photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention comprises of a resilient, compressible elastomeric material having an elasticity which provides a stress-strain relationship and keeps stresses in the conduit in level below which will cause failure to the conduit. The material has a shape memory which will provide freeze protection for the compression cycles anticipated over the operating life of the conduit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The membrane has a first surface adjacent to the second surface, each surface having an area. The first surface area exceeding the (i) second surface area, when the liquid passage contains no liquid and the compressible elastomeric material is an uncompressed state or a precompressed state; and (ii) second surface area when the compressible elastomeric material is in its compressed state as a result of freeze expansion of the aqueous liquid. The membrane has a thickness of 0.007-0.020 in.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of constructing a freeze-protected conduit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side elevational view of a freeze conduit.    Freeze protected conduit (10)    Elongated conduit (12)    Elastomeric material (14)    Flexible membrane (18)    Rigid support member (26)
NOVELTY - A regenerable battery comprises an electrolyte containing cell. A compartment contains a cathode immersing in the electrolyte and capable of intercalating a species (A) and desorbing the species on heating with a heat source. The compartment contains an anode immersed in the electrolyte. The compartments are separated by a membrane which is impermeable to the desorbed species (A).    USE - For power supply to electrical apparatus in space or earth.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is regenerable by heat and utilizes the property of bromine intercalated graphite where the bromine intercalation is reversed by heating at 120 degreesC. After discharge the battery can be recharged by heating the thermally regenerable battery. The battery provides highly efficient conversion of solar energy, radioactive thermal generators (RTG) or other waste heat directly to chemical energy which can be stored for night time use.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the method of regenerating the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of the thermally regenerable battery.    Cathode (100)    Anode (102)    Compartments (104,106)    Membrane (112)    Heat source (114)
NOVELTY - The production comprises: (a) forming a melt resin into a film shape; and (b) cooling the melt resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Annealing the thermoplastic resin is carried out before the temperature of the thermoplastic resin is decreased to the softening point or below of the thermoplastic resin.    USE -   The method produces a thermoplastic resin film used as a sealing film for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Increasing the peripheral speed of the roller at the input side compared with that of the roller at the output side applies no high tensile force to the resin film in annealing the resin film. The result yields the good annealing and the resin film has low contraction on heating and hardening of the resin film.
NOVELTY - Calendering is applied to a crosslinking agent-containing ethylene vinyl acetate resin composition. Where, the peripheral speed of a calender roll at the output side is slower than that of a calender roll at the input side.    USE -   The method produces an ethylene vinyl acetate film used as a sealing film for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The calendering forms a film having uniform thickness. Reducing the peripheral speed of the calender roll at the output side compared with that of the calender roll at the input side prevents the calendering film from excessive drawing, depressing the contraction of the film in heating and crosslinking the film.
NOVELTY - The total thickness of a pair of anode active material layers formed on two sides of the anode collector is the total film thickness A. The total thickness of a pair of cathode active material layers formed on two sides of the cathode collector is the total film thickness B.    USE - For secondary batteries used in e.g. video cameras and portable telephones.    ADVANTAGE - Energy density is raised and the battery does not deteriorate discharge load characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid electrolyte battery (1) comprises: a wound electrode (2) incorporating an anode with an elongated anode collector having two sides on which anode active material layers are formed, a corresponding cathode; and a solid electrolyte layer between the electrodes, so the electrodes are laminated and wound. The total film thickness A of the anode active material satisfies a range 60 - 150 microns and ratio A/B of thickness A with respect to thickness B satisfies a range 0.5 - 1.2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the structure of a polymer lithium ion secondary battery.    secondary battery (1)    wound electrode (2)
NOVELTY - The heat exchanger with sandwich structure (whose outer surface features are determined by its surroundings) comprising top and bottom cover plates and interlaid distance pieces is characterized by the fact that the distance pieces (16) are located from one another at distances (36) defining the hollow spaces (15), and are covered by a cover plate.    USE - In solar heating systems, for example.    ADVANTAGE - The appearance of the outer surface of the heat exchanger need not be influenced by formation of channels between the cover plates of the sandwich structure. In comparison with known heat analogous exchangers its field of potential applications is broadened.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for producing such a heat exchanger. It involves fixing of the distance pieces (16) on the inner surface of one of the cover plates, and covering of these distance pieces and the resulting hollow spaces (15) with the other cover plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section through an example of the proposed heat exchanger.    Top and bottom cover plates (7, 8)    Liquid(10, 14) Edge structure (9)    Hollow spaces (15)    Distance pieces (16)    Channel system (23)    Distance defining hollow spaces (36)
NOVELTY - A polymer-based electrolyte composition comprises (i) an organic polymer having an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt; (ii) nitrogen-containing heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt; and (iii) a metal hydroxide salt.    USE - The polymer-based electrolyte composition is for use in electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer-based electrolyte composition has excellent film-forming properties, flexibility, mechanical strength, and has a high hydroxide conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing a polymer solid electrolyte film by (i) dissolving an organic polymer having an alkyl quarternary ammonium salt, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic quarternary ammonium salt and a metal hydroxide salt in an organic solvent to obtain a solution; (ii) casting the resulting solution to produce a polymer solid electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - Lithium battery is provided with at least one carbon foam electrodes. Each electrode is fitted with a plate formed from an electrically conductive material. The plate has an underside that is formed to be attached to one end of the carbon foam electrode.    USE - Used in electric vehicle applications.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium ion battery provides small self discharge characteristics and it is environmentally safe compared to lead batteries. It provides attractive energy density to weight ratio and great potential in electric vehicle applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Lithium battery (10) comprises:    (a) a battery case;    (b) at least one carbon foam electrode (12, 14); and    (c) an electrically conductive plate fitted to the top end of the carbon foam electrode.    The plate has an underside which is formed to be attached to one end of the carbon foam electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an schematic illustration of a battery.    Battery (10)    Carbon foam electrodes (12, 14)
NOVELTY - A device has petals (26) radiating out from an inserter body (24). Each petal has a through hole (42) for exchanging gases with a hearing aid battery (28) releasably retained on the petal by a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive (34).    USE - Inserting a battery into a hearing aid.    ADVANTAGE - The inserter is easy to manufacture, compact to display and aids persons with reduced dexterity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following    (1) More specific forms of a hearing aid battery inserter as above.    (2) Combinations of the inserter and the battery.    (3) A display package including batteries fixed to the inserter has a backing card (60) and thermoformed thermoplastic blister (62).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a packaged inserter and batteries    inserter body (24)    petals (26)    batteries (28)    adhesive layer (34)    vent hole (42)    card (60)    blister (62)
NOVELTY - The binder used to bind electrode active materials and collector of lithium ion secondary battery, consists of copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and hexa fluoro propylene (HFP). The ratio of the copolymers of PVDF and HFP is set in the range of 80:20-95:5.    USE - In vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Even when the battery is exposed to high temperature, adhesive strength of binder is not reduced, and capacitive reduction is suppressed, thus deterioration of the battery is prevented.
NOVELTY - A battery active material or an electrode consists of a poly(isoquinoline diil). The poly(isoquinoline diil) polymer uses a divalent group derived by removing two hydrogen atoms from isoquinoline, a condensed heterocyclic compound, as a repeating constituent unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The poly(isoquinoline diil) polymer of formula (1) is new.    n = degree of polymerization, at least 5.    USE -   The poly(isoquinoline diil) polymer is used for the battery active material or the electrode, and a fiber, film.    ADVANTAGE -   The poly(isoquinoline diil) polymer has heat resistance, and solubility in organic solvents. Dissolving the poly(isoquinoline diil) polymer with the organic solvent form a liquid. The use of the liquid allows dry molding to the fiber, the film. Its structure controls polarization cancellation and electrochemical oxidation-reduction potential.
NOVELTY - Separator consists of porous viscose thin film.    USE - For nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The separator can be manufactured easily and a separate hydrophilization treatment is not required. The separator excels in alkali resistance. The charging and discharging cycle characteristics and capacity retention property of the secondary batteries using the separator are improved.
NOVELTY - A printed circuit board (2) is mounted on a protective circuit of a lithium ion battery (1). A coating of electrically conductive pattern (21) is performed on the PCB, using silicone resin (22). Then synthetic rubber group solvent (23) is coated on the surface of silicone resin and also in the circumference of the coating area of silicone resin.    USE - E.g. non-aqueous electrolyte battery used for electronic machines, e.g. portable communication apparatus and portable personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Since the synthetic rubber group solvent coating is carried out over the coated layer of silicone resin, the gap between the PCB and the silicone resin is eliminated, thus leakage of electrolyte into electrically conductive pattern is prevented. By suppressing migration property between electrically conductive patterns of PCB, safety of battery is ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal component sectional drawing of PCB.    Lithium ion battery (1)    PCB (2)    Electrically conductive pattern (21)    Silicone resin (22)    Synthetic rubber group solvent (23)
NOVELTY - A solid ion conductive composition comprises an ion conductive polymer and an alkali metal salt of a boron compound containing a benzene ring and/or naphthalene ring.    USE -   For an electrolyte of lithium ion cell, an anode binder, electrochromic devices etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid ion conductive composition has a high cation transport number. When it is used as an electrolyte of a cell, liquid leakage does not occur and when used as a cathode of a cell, dendrites are not generated on the surface of the Li.
NOVELTY - A resin composition comprises (A) at least one (meth)acrylates, (C) plasticizer and an electrolyte providing good film strength and ion conductivity and furthermore workability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A resin composition for use in solid polymer electrolyte comprises (A) at least one of pentaerythritolpolyalkoxylate [tri, tetra, penta or hexa](meth)acrylate, (C) plasticizer and an electrolyte.    USE -   Used in a polymer cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Product excels in thin film workability giving a film of high strength, and high ion conductivity.
NOVELTY - The polymeric material is synthesized by introducing -SO2 X group into raw material, where X is fluorine or chlorine. Hydrolysis of raw material is performed using water and -SO2X group is converted into sulfonic acid group.    USE -   For solid polymer electrolyte film, comprising copolymer of carbonized fluorine group vinyl monomer and hydrocarbon group vinyl monomer having alkyl benzene group, used in fuel battery (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Use of caustic soda, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is eliminated. Cost of reaction material is inexpensive since water is used. Processing of waste liquid is avoided. Manufacturing cost is reduced.
NOVELTY - The condenser (4) for transmission type light condensing system (solar power generation system) (2), has an alicyclic structure containing a polymer resin.    USE - For solar power generation system which consists of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Transparency and weather resistance of the condenser are enhanced. Molding time is reduced. Thickness, crack formation and moisture absorption of the condenser are reduced. Efficiency of energy conversion is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic perspective diagram of the solar power generation system.    Solar power generation system (2)    Condenser (4)
NOVELTY - A cell unit (100) has ribs (311) formed inwardly to press support a cell (20) provided with a pair of electrodes on both sides of an electrolytic film in a plate so that a flow path is formed between the rib and an electrode to circulate a humidification agent. A water retention layer with a water holding capacity within 0.002-0.035 g/cm2 is formed on the rib through humidification agent is circulated.    USE - In solid state polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to moisturize electrolyte film by providing a water keeping layer. Facilitates mass production of cell by producing rib with compression molding.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The water retention layer is a porous layer consisting of a mixture of resin and carbon so that the weight ratio of a resin to carbon is within 5-40%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view of cell unit.    Cell (20)    Cell unit (100)    Ribs (311)
NOVELTY - Unsintered ceramic object comprises a ceramic powder, a water soluble binder, a water soluble dispersing agent, and a water soluble plasticizer.    USE - The ceramic containing ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramic powder is useful for oxygen fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ceramic slip has ionic conductivity and avoids a drawback of previous slips, i.e. the use of organic solvents with their health and fire risk hazards.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (i) preparation of a ceramic slip which is mixed with water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and optionally glycerol and sorbite, the resultant mixture is heated, agarose powder is added, the resultant mixture is mixed again, the heated ceramic powder is added, and the mixture is homogenized;    (ii) a ceramic slip comprising (wt.%): ceramic powder (35-70), distilled water (10-60), agarose (0.1-8), PVP (1-10), glycerol (0-20), and sorbite (0-2);    (iii) preparation of a green ceramic strip by casting, extruding, or compacting a ceramic slip, and removal of the green strip formed;    (iv) a green ceramic strip obtained as above, containing (wt.%): ceramic powder (65-97), agarose (0.1-10), PVP (1.3-14), glycerol (0-26), and sorbite (0-26).
NOVELTY - Organic lithium salt purification comprises dissolving an impure organic lithium salt in a solution comprising an organic complexing solvent; crystallizing and separating from the solution a solid solvate complex comprising the lithium salt and the organic complexing solvent; and then dissociating and removing the lithium salt in a solid form from the solid solvate.    USE - The method is used for purifying an organic lithium salt. The purified lithium salts can be used in applications where purity, and optical or electrical properties are important. Particularly, the purified lithium salt is useful, when incorporated, as the ionic electrolyte salt into nonaqueous electrolyte compositions, e.g., liquid electrolytes, gel polymer electrolytes or solid polymer electrolytes, to improve the performance of electric current producing cells, e.g., electrolytic cells, primary batteries, rechargeable batteries, or fuel cells (claimed). The purified lithium salts are also useful in an ink jet ink compositions comprising a lithium salt, and a liquid carrier medium (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The purified lithium salt of this invention has at least 20% greater than the purity of the impure lithium salt from which it is derived. The invented method also facilitates the purification of lithium salts in high yield.
NOVELTY - Method involves production of blank article, its shaping, processing by fluoride surface-active agent which contains perfluorinealkylsulfacids (perfluorineoxaalkylsulfacids) or perfluorinealkylcarbonacids (perfluorineoxaalkylcarbonacids) which general composition is RFQZ,, where CF3...-C12F25, are polyfluorocarbons , where , n=1-50; Q are carbonic or sulfuric ions, Z are cations of alkali or alkali-earth metals, phosphor, nitrogen, ammonium ions or their derivatives with organic radicals.    USE - Manufacturing of lead storage batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified manufacturing, absence of toxic materials.
NOVELTY - A protective circuit device is formed by securing component consisting of semiconductor substrate and/or passive element to wiring substrate, and resin-encapsulating required part of component.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The protective circuit device is formed through: (a) securing a component consisting of a semiconductor substrate and/or a passive element to a wiring substrate: (b) resin-encapsulating the required portion of the component or the wiring substrate, using a powdered ferrite-added molding resin. The wiring substrate is formed by successively spreading a first resin layer having the powdered ferrite, a second resin layer for insulation, and a wiring layer on a metal plate or a resin plate.    USE -   The protective circuit device is used for the secondary battery used for a cellular telephone or a personal computer.    ADVANTAGE -   The resin encapsulation provides the protective circuit device with an electromagnetic shielding effect to prevent the protective circuit from malfunction. The resulting secondary battery is positively prevented from overcharge and over discharge.
NOVELTY - A mixed solvent of water and alcohol is used in a solution that dissolves a polymer.    USE - For non-aqueous polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces porosity of porous polymer electrolyte film. Increases volume energy density of polymer used as a separator in non-aqueous polymer battery. Improves safety of battery.
NOVELTY - A copolymer (31) of ethylene and acrylic acid forms the internal layer to wrap and seal the battery (20). An aluminum layer (33) and nylon layer are sequentially laminated to the copolymer layer, the nylon layer forming the outermost layer.    USE - For lithium secondary battery used in camcorder, cellular phones, notebook PC.    ADVANTAGE - The case structure enables entire moldability and possesses improved interlayer adhesion property. Dependability of battery is improved, as leakage of electrolyte is prevented efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of case structure.    Seal battery (20)    Copolymer (31)    Aluminum layer (33)
NOVELTY - The laminate comprises hardening film with hardness of 0.05-0.20 GP between plastic backing layer and conductive layer.    USE - As substrate for liquid crystal display devices such as simple matrix type, active matrix type, twisted nematic type (TN), super twisted nematic type (STN), ferroelectric liquid crystal type (FLC), metal-insulator-metal type (MIM) and thin film transistor type (TFT). The laminate is also used for touch panel, solar battery sensing element.    ADVANTAGE - The peeling or generation of crack on conductive layer is eliminated. The lightweight laminate excels in shock resistance.
NOVELTY - The solar battery cell (5) in between the transparent glass (2) and backside film (6), is sealed with filler (3) containing ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The vertical and horizontal cut dimension of filler before lamination is setup smaller than that of the glass. The vertical and horizontal cut dimension of the backside film before lamination, is setup larger than that of the glass.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    USE -   For manufacturing solar battery module installed on roof of building.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves finishing accuracy by processing end face of backside film and transparent glass with high accuracy and hence productivity is improved. Generation of inferior solar battery module is avoided by avoiding usage of EVA with bad adhesive property. Avoids generation of burr by avoiding leakage of filler and hence processing in fusion reactor is avoided and reduces labor involved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows exploded perspective view of solar battery module. (2) Transparent glass; (3) Filler; (5) Solar battery cell; (6) Backside film.
NOVELTY - Solid polymer fuel cell system includes a battery body having a cell stack formed by laminating single cells having solid polymer electrolyte thin films. The battery body has a temperature-humidity exchange part which contacts reacted gas which the cell stack passed and non-reaction gas before passing the cell stack via a water-retaining porous material. The temperature of the non-reaction gas is lower that of the reacted gas.    USE - Used as solid polymer-type fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Drying of the solid polymer electrolyte film is prevented by effecting temperature/humidity exchange. Compaction by the simplification of the system is possible. Reduction of voltage due to CO poisoning is possible. The system is highly efficient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the solid polymer type fuel cell system.    Separator (5)    Temperature/Humidity Exchange Part (10)    Gas Gap (11a,11b)    Gas Gap (12a,12b)    Gap (13c)    Porous Material (14)    Reacted Gas (100)    Unreacted Gas (101)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module comprising several solar battery elements (1) connected electrically by an interconnector (2) is provided. The interconnector connects using a conductive wire (8) which is drawn from the output hole (4) provided with heat fusible resin packing material (5).    USE - For e.g. super straight type and substrate type solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Yield of product is high and productivity is improved. Damages of construction materials are prevented. Reduction of water-proof property is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows substrate type solar battery.    Solar battery element (1)    Inter connector (2)    Output hole (4)    Packing material (5)    Conductive wire (8)
NOVELTY - A multilayered protective layer (10) comprised by ultraviolet blockage layer (1) and a pollution protection layer (2) is laminated on light receiving surface of solar battery element (5). The ultraviolet blockage layer has ultraviolet absorber and resin binder.    USE - The solar battery module used in electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The adherence of dust to solar battery module is prevented and the deterioration of ultraviolet blockage layer is prevented since pollution protection layer is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the basic conceptual diagram of cross-section of solar battery module.    Ultraviolet blockage layer (1)    Pollution protection layer (2)    Solar battery element (5)    Multilayered protective layer (10)
NOVELTY - The device has a substrate and a light receiving element mounted on the surface of the substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A light receiving device has a substrate and a light receiving element mounted on the surface of the substrate. The light receiving device further has a case consisting of a material having a deformation temperature of 200C or above and transparency relative to a wavelength decided by associating with the light receiving element. The light receiving element is placed in a space formed by the substrate and the case.    USE -   The method produces the light receiving device used for an encoder. The light receiving element is protected.    ADVANTAGE -   Good adhesion is obtained without filling a resin in the case, evolving no resin leakage. No metallic wire comes into contact with the resin, eliminating the need for considering the thermal expansion of the resin to yield high heat resistance. No peeling, cracks, deformation, or breaking of a wire are observed to easily produce highly reliable light receiving device.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into a container (3) by a nozzle (6). The nozzle is partially occluded by resin selected from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamide, fluoro resin and silicone resin.    USE -   For injecting non-aqueous electrolyte to battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents degradation of electrolyte during heating, by occluding nozzle partially by resin. Prevents water invasion into battery by occluding nozzle reliably. Stabilizes preservation of non-aqueous electrolyte for long time period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of secondary battery. (3) Container; (6) Nozzle.
NOVELTY - The cathode has active material that carries out occlusion release of lithium. The gasket used consists of polyether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide or fluororesin. The lithium salt contained in electrolyte is LiPF6.    USE - For electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - By using high polyether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide or fluororesin for gasket, an organic electrolyte battery excellent in long term dependability is offered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic electrolyte battery manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The positive and negative electrodes have positive electrode disclosure section (8a) and negative electrode disclosure section (11a) which are wound on the periphery of the winding object, through the separator. The positive and negative electrode disclosure sections are exposed to the positive and negative electrode collectors (8,11) respectively.    USE - For battery.    ADVANTAGE - Restrains heat generation and smoke emission even when battery is crushed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Positive electrode (2) and negative electrodes of stripe shape are wound to form an electricity generation component. The positive and negative electrodes are mutually separated by a separator (5). Solid electrolyte layer (4) are provided between the electrodes and separators. The positive electrodes consists of positive electrode collector, which is interposed between the positive electrode active material layer. The negative electrode has negative electrode collector, interposed between the negative electrodes active material layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of portion of winding object.    Positive electrode (2)    Solid electrolyte layer (4)    Separator (5)    Positive electrode collectors (8)    Positive electrode disclosure section (8a)    Negative electrode collectors (11)    Negative electrode disclosure section (11a)
NOVELTY - Several projections (15) are made to protrude from surface (14) and are made to contact with electrode (12). The bulged portion (16) is formed on the upper portion of projections in contact with the electrode.    USE - For use in polymeric electrolyte film-type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Contact area is enlarged without reducing the volume of gas passage way formed among projection.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for collector manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial top view and expanded sectional view of collector.    Electrode (12)    Surface (14)    Projections (15)    Bulged portion (16)
NOVELTY - The active material layer containing the active material and gel polymer of anode or cathode is formed on a collector with predefined gap. The gap is filled with an electrolyte which contains dissolved precursor and a gelling process is performed so as to form anode or cathode.    USE - For camcorder, audio apparatus, portable computer and portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Since the battery contains high energy density, it has excellent battery characteristic and productivity. Since the battery uses gel electrolyte, liquid spill is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium secondary battery.
NOVELTY - Anode and cathode mix layers (1b,2b) of anode (1) and cathode (2) containing composite metallic oxide containing lithium and carbon as active material, is provided at the surface of the collectors (1a,2a), respectively. The thickness of anode and cathode mix layers are set within the limits of 30-300 mum.    USE - In polymer electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves utilization factor by avoiding liquid spillage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows expanded sectional view of polymer electrolyte secondary battery.    Anode (1)    Collectors (1a,2a)    Anode and Cathode mix layer (1b,2b)    Cathode (2)
NOVELTY - The electrode roll (24) having separator inbetween the anode and cathode is accommodated in a can (26). The upper opening of can filled with liquid electrolyte is sealed by a cap (32) through the gasket (28). The polymeric airtight reinforcing material (38) is arranged between the cap and the gasket.    USE -   For e.g. nickel hydrogen battery, lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents break through of liquid electrolyte by improving sealing property.Improves safety of battery by sealing battery reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows isometric view showing secondary battery. (24) Electrode roll; (26) Can; (28) Gasket; (32) Cap; (38) Reinforcing material.
NOVELTY - An armored can (3) consisting of an air intake hole (9) has air batteries (2a-2c) each of which has a vent (7) on a battery jar (5) of the can. Between the armored can and the air batteries, a fluororesin film insulating porous sheet (4) with 20% or 60% porosity is provided.    USE - For driving power supply of portable electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - When leaking occurs in air battery, the exterior of the armored can is prevented from breakage since sufficient amount of air is introduced into the can through the insulating sheet which has a characteristic of allowing gases through it.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows battery pack.    Air batteries (2a-2c)    Armored can (3)    Fluororesin film insulating porous sheet (4)    Battery jar (5)    Vent (7)    Air intake hole (9)
NOVELTY - A macromolecular solid electrolyte contains: (a) a polymer having two functional groups and uses a bifunctional monomer (except a polypropylene glycol in which functional group substitution is applied both the terminals) having a branched structure branched from an atomic raw existing between the two functional groups and serving as a monomer component; (b) a lithium salt; and (c) a solvent.    USE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte is used for the lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte has high ion conductivity and strength.
NOVELTY - A new solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer and an electrolyte salt. The polymer is given by polymerizing a compound which has a specific carbonate group and a specific polymerizing functional group.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new solid polymer electrolyte comprises a polymer and an electrolyte salt. The polymer is given by polymerizing a compound which has a specific carbonate group of formula (1) and a specific polymerizing functional group of formula (2).    Formula (1-1)-p,    Formula (2-2)-p     R1 = 1-10C group which can contain hetero atoms and has two bonding hands; R2 = H or 1-6C alkyl group; R3= 1-10C hydrocarbon group having two bonding hands    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing the solid polymer electrolyte, which comprises putting a polymerizing composition on a support, and then polymerizing it. The polymerizing composition contains: (A) a polymerizing compound; (B) an electrolyte salt; (C) an organic solvent (optional); and/or (D) an inorganic oxide (optional); (A) has a specific carbonate group of formula (1) and a specific polymerizing functional group of formula (2).    USE -   For batteries or electrical double layer capacitors.    ADVANTAGE -   The new electrolyte provides rechargeable batteries with a higher operating voltage and a higher output current.
NOVELTY - The fuel improver has modifying chamber in which modification catalyst layer (38) is arranged. The fuel to be modified is burnt in the combustion chamber (46) which is in communication with modifying chamber (36). The combustion mechanism (44) is provided with an injector (48) through which atomized fuel is supplied into the interior of the modifying chamber.    USE - For modifying gas containing hydrocarbon into gas containing hydrogen for fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel for modification is supplied instantaneously into the modifying chamber even under heavy load conditions. The spraying nozzle atomizes fuel to combustor and fuel insufficiency is not observed as fuel is continuously supplied and vaporized. The fuel improver has simple construction and functions efficiently with good response to load fluctuations in the fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the modifier contained in the fuel improver.    Modifying chamber (36)    Catalyst layer (38)    Combustion mechanism (44)    Combustion chamber (46)    Injector (48)
NOVELTY - Multiple semiconductor substrates of fixed form with uniform thickness are joined at their end faces and sealed by insulating cement to form composite semiconductor substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of composite semiconductor substrate. Semiconductor grains or aggregates are immersed into insulating cement accommodated in a heat-resistant container, maintained under vacuum or normal pressure. The container is heated to melt the insulating cement and subsequently cooled to perform coagulation of insulating cement. The obtained solid semiconductor composite is cut into the shape of a sheet or thin plate. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Alternatively, multiple semiconductor substrates having uniform thickness are arranged one above the other so that clearance between the substrates is minimized. Liquid insulating cement having thermoplastic property is poured into the clearances and cooling coagulation is carried out. If the insulating cement has thermosetting property, then heat hardening is carried out to unify the end faces of the substrates. Preferred Compounds: The substrate is single crystal and/or polycrystalline semiconductor substrates. The insulating cement is glass or organic polymer. The thickness of the composite semiconductor substrate ranges between 10 m to 1mm.    USE -   For solar battery, various sensor and optical devices such as light emitting diode, electroluminescence and semiconductor laser.    ADVANTAGE -   Semiconductor substrates of arbitrary shape can be manufactured. Dimension of the substrate is controlled. Manufacturing cost is reduced. Environmental pollution is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows composite semiconductor substrate. (10) Composite semiconductor substrate; (11) Semiconductor substrate; (12) Insulating cement
NOVELTY - A solar collector, employing a black colored heat carrier (4) which flows through the interspace (3) between front and back panes (1, 2), is new.    USE - As a solar collector e.g. for water heating.    ADVANTAGE - The solar collector provides direct solar energy absorption by the heat carrier and has a simplified construction since an absorber layer is not required.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a solar collector according to the invention.    Glass panes (1, 2)    Interspace (3)    Heat carrier liquid (4)    Frame (10)
NOVELTY - A solar power system comprises at least one solar cell immersed in a medium having two zones. The first zone is in linear alignment with the cell such that incident rays are directed to the cell; and the second zone is a reflective zone extends beyond the cell and redirects incident rays towards the cell by total internal reflection. Method for fabricating the system is claimed.    USE - As a solar panel for space applications.    ADVANTAGE - The immersion medium and total internal reflection system minimise obscuration of incident light and achieve a wide field of view to ease solar panel tracking requirements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system is fabricated by: depositing an immersion medium on a solar cell for defining the first and second zones; and providing the second zone with a reflective layer to direct incident light to the cell by total internal reflection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a solar power system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.    Incident rays (2)    Al wall structure (14)    Fused silica solar cell substrates (16)    Solar cells (18)    Power bus (20)
NOVELTY - A thin profile battery bonding method involves interposing a conductively curable adhesive composition comprising an epoxy terminated silane between the thin profile battery and the substrate, and then curing the adhesive into an electrically conductive bond which electrically interconnects the battery and the substrate.    USE - Method for conductively interconnecting electronic components to battery powerable apparatus, radio frequency communication devices and to electric circuits.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a thin profile bonding method comprising:    (1) interposing a curable epoxy composition between a thin profile battery and a substrate to which the thin profile battery is to be conductively connected, at least one of the battery and substrate comprising a metal surface with which the curable epoxy is to electrically connect; and    (2) curing the epoxy into an electrically conductive bond electrically interconnecting the battery and the substrate, the epoxy having an effective metal surface wetting concentration of silane to form a cured electrical interconnection having a contact resistance through metal surface of at most 0.3 Ohm-cm2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure is a side elevational of a battery powerable apparatus.    battery (10)    can terminal housing member (12)    lid terminal housing member (14)    substrate (22)    outer surface (23)    nodes (24, 25)    conductive mass (26)    electric circuit (30)    conductive adhesive mass (32)
NOVELTY - Polyelectrolyte gel is a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising copolymer of acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile and a copolymerizable vinyl group monomer.    USE - For solid electrolyte cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Ionic conductivity of the polyelectrolyte is improved. The battery has excellent flame retardance and film forming property. The battery has improved low temperature characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows gelling range of ternary composition of acrylonitrile-vinylacetate copolymer.
NOVELTY - The battery contains a cathode made of lithium (14) or its alloy and anode made of manganese dioxide arranged in a flat container (11) comprising organic electrolyte. The anode active material is pellets (12) comprising carboxy methyl cellulose and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer as binder.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Productivity is improved. The weight variation and shape variation of the anode active material pellet during molding are reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of manganese dioxide/lithium battery.    Battery container (11)    Anode pellet (12)    Lithium (14)
NOVELTY - The polyimide group resin layers (A,B) containing insulating fine particle of predetermined weight percentage are laminated on the surface of a metal plate. The thickness of polyimide group resin layers is maintained at 5-15 m or 5-30 m, respectively.    USE -   For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Substrate with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent in heat-resistant, electric insulation, is obtained using polyimide group resin layer.
NOVELTY - Available lead-acid accumulator has nitrile rubber or ternary ethylene-propylene rubber column, which has poor resilience to result in unstable valve opening and poor aging resistance to result in relatively short accumulator life.    The present invention uses, instead, fluorosilicon rubber column.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   Fluorosilicon has good resilience to result in stable valve opening and good aging resistance to result in relatively long life of the accumulator.
NOVELTY - An Li-battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gel electrolyte, has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.    USE - The polymeric electrolyte is used for electrochemical elements. The Li-battery is used for mobile phones, etc. and is expected to be useful as a car battery.    ADVANTAGE - The Li-battery has excellent reliability, safety and discharge-charging properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gel electrolyte comprises an aprotic polar solvent of the ether or ester type, an Li-salt, and a polymeric compound which is a polymer of at least either of the compounds represented by general formulae (I) and (II).        k, r = 0, 1 or number greater than 1 ;    m, s = number greater than 1 ;    R1 = CpH2p ;    R2 = CqH2q ;    p, q = integers not smaller than 1;    A = CH2=CH-CO- or CH2=C(CH3)- CO- ;    X = n-valent connection groups ;    n = integer between 1 and 4 ;    R3 = CtH2t ;    R4 = CuH2u ;    t, u = integers not smaller than and t does not equal to u.
NOVELTY - The thin film contains a crystalline substance which is deposited at 400 degrees C or less, by plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The average concentration of oxygen atom and carbon atom in the thin film is 1x10 power 19-1x10 power 20 cm-3 and 1x10 power 19 cm-3 or less, respectively.    USE - For photoelectric conversion apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Quality of the thin film is enhanced. A high performance photoelectric conversion apparatus is obtained.
NOVELTY - The electric contact point has a gold-plated layer which has fluoro resin dispersed on the plated layer.    USE - For charging battery pack used for power supply of portable information apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The contact has excellent anti-wear quality and environmental-proof dependability. Oil and insulator adhered on the surface are easily removable. Water adherence on contact surface is prevented and hence electric field corrosion does not occur. A portable information terminal with reliable contact is obtained. Fluoro resin is uniformly dispersed in the plated layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for charging battery pack.
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte contains at least 50 wt.% of a pyrrolinium or pyridinium derivative as electrolyte, and a gelatinizer having a molecular weight of 1000 or less.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte is of formula (I). Z = atomic group forming five- or six-membered aromatic cyclic cation together with N; R1 = alkyl or alkenyl; a = 1 or 3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) use of the gel electrolyte in an opto-electrochemical battery; and (2) an opto-electrochemical battery having a gel electrolyte-containing a charge-transfer layer, a semiconductor having sensitivity to a radiation and a counter electrode.    USE -   The gel electrolyte is used in the opto-electro-chemical battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The opto-electrochemical battery has improved opto-electric conversion characteristics and less deterioration in aged characteristics.
NOVELTY - The negative electrode collector (4) of polymer lithium secondary battery has two-dimensional target porous substance made of copper or its alloy having open hole rate of 40-80% and tensile strength of 4 N/mm2 or more.    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Polymer lithium secondary battery with high discharge capacity is offered and excellent mass production is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of polymer lithium secondary battery.    Negative electrode collector (4)
NOVELTY - Impregnation of non-aqueous electrolyte is performed to gel-like polyelectrolyte (4). The non-aqueous electrolyte contains ethylmethyl carbonate including polymeric fibrous materials, as solvent.    USE - For solid electrolyte cell used in portable telephone, personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Defects in the cell is prevented and the solid polymer electrolyte secondary battery can be easily manufactured. Wide industrial application is realized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid electrolyte cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic top view of solid electrolyte cell.    Polyelectrolyte (4)
NOVELTY - Aspirators (39,43) attract hydrogen or oxygen gas ejected from fuel battery. The circulation lines (40,45) circulate hydrogen gas ejected from the aspirators along with oxygen and water, to humidifiers (33,36).    USE - Solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - A pump for circulating hydrogen and oxygen is made unnecessary. Damage to components is prevented and reliability of gas circulation is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory view of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Humidifiers (33,36)    Aspirators (39,43)    Circulation lines (40,45)
NOVELTY - The multilayer electrolyte film (1) has a hole of three dimensional communicating property on at least one electrolyte layer except the double-sided electrolyte layer.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Water retention of the electrolyte increases and there is a high output by reduction of the resistance over voltage of the fuel battery as a result of the hole with three dimensional communicating property on the electrolyte film. Increase of membrane resistance resulting from reduction of water content can be suppressed as a result of the multilayer electrolyte film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the porous electrolyte provided with hole.    Multilayer electrolyte film (1)
NOVELTY - The positive electrode collector (4) of polymer lithium secondary battery has two-dimensional target porous substance made of aluminum or its alloy having open hole rate of 40-80% and tensile strength of 5 N/mm2 or more.    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Polymer lithium secondary battery with high discharge capacity is offered and excellent mass production is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of polymer lithium secondary battery.    Positive electrode collector (4)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen absorbing alloy contains nickel hydroxide or nickel oxy-hydroxide as positive and negative electro-active material and methacrylate group copolymer binder. The binder contains fine repeating units of 30 wt% or more of methacrylic acid alkyl ester and six or more repeating units of aromatic vinyl compound.    USE - In nickel hydrogen battery.    ADVANTAGE - Nickel hydrogen battery is small in size and excels in durability especially during high temperature usage, due to reduced battery capacitance and improved charging-discharging cycle.
NOVELTY - A pore forming material containing hydrazine compound is pasted on conductive core having cadmium oxide or cadmium hydroxide. The coated material is heat treated at a temperature below oxidizing temperature of cadmium acting as pre-charging active material, and higher than its volatilizing temperature.    USE - For alkaline battery.    ADVANTAGE - As the cathode has sufficient porosity, the amount of absorption of electrolyte is increased which causes high charging efficiency even when active material of high density is filled.
NOVELTY - The battery has an L shaped output terminal (21) comprising horizontal and vertical portions (41,42), the lower portions of which are embedded in a sealing material. The horizontal portion and electric pole are electrically connected. A hole with radius of 0.4 mm or more is formed on the vertical portion (42). The edges of the vertical portion are curved.    USE - For lead storage batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Cracks generated are prevented as hole of specific radius is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the output terminal of lead storage battery.    L shaped output terminal (21)    Horizontal portion (41)    Vertical portion (42)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte film consists of membranous substance and an non-aqueous electrolyte consisting of vinylidene fluoride-perfluoro methyl vinyl ether copolymer. 100 weight parts of copolymer is mixed with 100-500 wt.% of non-aqueous electrolyte.    USE - For lithium and lithium ion secondary battery, electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte film has excellent mechanical characteristics and ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for complex-type polymer electrolyte film. The copolymer impregnated with non-aqueous electrolyte is integrated to the porous thin film to form a complex-type polymer electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte film comprises a composite thin film impregnated with 50 weight percent (wt.%) or more of a non-aqueous electrolyte. The thin film contains integrated fibril-like heat resistant resin and a fluororesin in a weight ratio 3:7-7:3. The fluororesin is provided in the spaces present in the fibril-like resin.    USE - For lithium ion secondary battery and electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - Mechanical characteristics and heat resistant property of the polymer electrolyte film are enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture the complex type polymer electrolyte film. A mixture of fluororesin and heat resistant resin is doped in a bipolar membrane produced using a wet method. Drying was performed and a non-aqueous electrolyte is impregnated.
NOVELTY - The precursor of the solid polymer electrolyte contains carbon dioxide.    USE - For non-aqueous battery e.g. lithium ion secondary battery for portable telephone, personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Strong solid polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity can be manufactured within a short time, as precursor includes carbon dioxide content.
NOVELTY - The resin layer of thickness in the range of 5-40 m is provided on the surface of a plated steel plate. Then the surface of the resin layer is roughened to 0.3 m and it extended rolling before the application of another resin layer over the previous layer. The rate of extension of the resin layer is 0.5-5%. The resin layer contains heat resistance resin such as polyether sulfone resin to a polyimide resin.    USE -   For amorphous silicon thin film type solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar battery is inexpensive and it is outstanding in flexibility, heat resistant and electric insulation.
NOVELTY - A resin layer formed by mixing heat resistant resin with one or more elements selected from the group containing titanium oxide, silica and alumina, is arranged over steel plate surface, so that the thickness of resin layer is within 15-40 m and mean diameter of the selected elements is within 0.5-5.0 m. The volume of the elements occupied in the resin layer is 10-60%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The resin layer alternately formed by mixing a heat resistant resin with a preset chemical having particle size of less than 1 m is formed over the steel plate surface so that thickness of layer is within 5-15 m and the volume occupied by specified chemicals in the resin layer is less than 20%.    USE -   For amorphous thin silicon film type solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables to obtain substrate with high heat resistant and insulation property.
NOVELTY - A pair of strip-shaped lead conductor (2) are fixed to surface of resin base film (11) covered by a resin cover film (12). Low melting point fusible alloy (3) is connected between the ends of the conductor. A flux (4) is applied to the piece. Thickness of each resin films (11,12) is set to 80-220 m. The nickel band of Vickers hardness 100-280 is used to the lead conductor.    USE -   For preventing temperature rise of battery such as lithium ion secondary battery used for portable telephone, notebook PC, video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   Heat transfer between battery pot and lead conductor is maintained stably. Hence welding to lead conductor is performed easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows thin shape thermal fuse. (2) Lead conductor; (3) Alloy; (4) Flux; (11,12) Resin films.
NOVELTY - A pair of strip-shaped lead conductors (2) are fixed in the surface of polyethylene telephthalate films (11,12). A low melting point fusible alloy piece (3) is formed between the ends of the lead conductors. Flux (4) is applied on the alloy piece which has solidus at line temperature of 80-120 C.    USE -   For preventing temperature rise in lithium ion secondary batteries. Used in portable telephone, notebook personal computer, video camera. Also for nickel, hydrogen battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Facilitates to obtain ultra thin thermal fuse having favorable operating property using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of thermal fuse. (2) Lead conductor; (3) Alloy piece; (4) Flux; (11,12) Polyethylene telephthalate films.
NOVELTY - Sulfonylimides and sulfonylmethides of formula (I) are new.    USE - As electrolyte in batteries (claimed). The compounds are also used in electrochemical cells, surfactants, catalysts, antistats and as cationic photoinitiators. Applications include lithium batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, supercapacitors and electrochromic windows.    ADVANTAGE - The compounds are less expensive to produce and still exhibit excellent conductivity and low corrosivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Sulfonylimides and sulfonylmethides of formula (I) are new.    N-(SO2XRp)m(SO2R')o1/nMn+ (I)    m = 1 or 2;    m + o = 2;    X = O or N;    R = monovalent hydrocarbon group;    R' = hydrocarbon, straight or branched 1-12C acyclic-fluoroalkyl, 3-12C cyclic fluoroalkyl or fluorocycloalkyl-(1-4C) in which the fluoroalkyl groups are optionally interrupted by Q;    Q = heteroatom; and    Mn+ = cation with a valency of n.    When m is 2, Mn+ is a metal or alkylammonium cation such as R4N+ where R'' = 1-4C alkyl. When X is O p is 1, and when X is N, p is 2. Two R groups can either form divalent hydrocarbylene joined to two X atoms, in which the hydrocarbon groups are optionally interrupted by Q; or they may form a three- to six-membered ring with a nitrogen atom, which may be interrupted by Q. R and R' may together form a ring further interrupted by a catenary Q.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a battery electrolyte (II) which comprises (I) and a matrix material;    (B) a battery which comprises a cathode, an anode and (II); and    (C) a homo- or copolymeric material which comprise the reaction product of one or more compounds of formula (I) where R and R' contain a polymerizable group.
NOVELTY - A composition for electrolytes comprises a compound with ether bond and crosslinkable functional groups and a polymer, which has improved ionic conductivity, high film-forming properties and film strength.    USE - The composition is applicable in making polymer electrolytes for fabrication of cells (claimed) suitable for portable electricals e.g. mobile phones, lap-top computers and camcorders.    ADVANTAGE - Such composition has improved ionic conductivity, high film-forming properties and film strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A composition for electrolytes comprises a compound with ether bond and crosslinkable functional groups and a polymer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for (i) an electrolyte containing a crosslinked compound with ether bond and crosslinkable groups, a polymer and electrolyte salt; and (ii) a process for producing the electrolytes by mixing the crosslinkable compound, polymer and electrolyte salt before crosslinking.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross-sectional structure of a secondary battery.    Negative electrode (11)    positive electrode (12)    electrolyte (13)    insulating packing (14)    exterior members (15, 16)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell contains a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent and an electrolyte additive including a boron-based anion receptor containing a fluorine bearing moiety.    USE - The new fluorinated boron-based compounds are useful for non-aqueous battery electrolytes.    ADVANTAGE - Addition of the new compounds to primary or secondary battery non-aqueous electrolytes gives a dramatic increase in electrolyte ionic conductivity and increases their cation transference number.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anion receptor comprises a boron compound of formula Q3B (I).    Q = a fluorine bearing moiety selected from (CF3)2CHO, (CF3)2C(C6H5)O, (CF3)3CO, F(C6H4)O, F2C6H3OF4C6HO, C6H5O, CF3C6H4O, and (CF3)2C6H3O.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a method of enhancing the conductivity of a non-aqueous battery electrolyte by providing a conductivity enhancing amount of fluorinated boron-based anion receptor; and    (2) a non-aqueous battery electrolyte additive comprising an anion receptor which includes a boron-based compound of formula (I), where Q also includes C6F5; and    (3) an electrochemical cell comprising a non-aqueous solvent and the above electrolyte additive.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte film (1) has porous electrolyte layer (2) with hole of three directional communication property on at least one surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrolyte film manufacturing method, which involves applying the solvent which contains electrolyte dissolved with alcohol on at least one surface of electrolyte film. The electrolyte film is immersed in organic solvent which has polar groups other than alcoholic group.    USE -   For electrochemical apparatus (claimed) such as solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery, direct methanol type fuel battery, water electrolyzing apparatus and brine electrolyzing tank.    ADVANTAGE -   By the electrolyte layer, the contact area of boundary surface of electrolyte film increases by which the substantial reaction portion increases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross-section of electrolyte film. (1) Electrolyte film; (2) Porous electrolyte layer.
NOVELTY - A mixture of nickel particles and thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, is subjected to melt spinning and extrusion molded to form green fiber (17), hardened by ultraviolet irradiation (18) and made to lose thermoplasticity. Fiber is cut short, added to foam regulator and binder in water, to form slurry which is formed into green tape, dried and sintered in reduced atmosphere.    USE - For nickel hydrogen battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Nickel hydrogen battery is manufactured inexpensively without fuzz of nickel fiber.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The nickel particles are unevenly distributed on top layer of the obtained product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacture of nickel perforated panel.    Green fiber (17)    Ultraviolet rays (18)
NOVELTY - Metal powder blended thermoplastic resin green fiber (17) produced by extrusion molding is hardened by ultraviolet rays (18). The hardened fiber is cut into short fibers and stirred in water content foaming agents, using stirrer. The slurry is frothed in liquor containing dispersing agent and mixed to a green tape, which is then degreased and sintered in reducible atmosphere.    USE - For manufacture of anode of nickel hydrogen batteries, collector board of high temperature solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables obtaining panels which are durable due to sintering in reduced atmosphere.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mass for extrusion molding is prepared by mixing a metal powder with thermoplastic resins, like polypropylene or polyethylene.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a view of green tape being extruded.    Green fiber (17)    Ultraviolet rays (18)
NOVELTY - A sulfonic acid group solid polymer electrolyte film (1) supported by a pair of electrodes including a cathode (2a) and an anode (2b) in an electrode unit (10) provided with separators (3a,3b) on both sides. The circumference of thin film is crosslinked to seal a heating gas and an oxidizing agent gas using the crosslinking joints (1a).    USE - For electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Volume change does not occur due to water absorption since the heating gas and the oxidizing agent gas are sealed using crosslinking joints. No tear of electrolyte film is generated even when pressure difference is generated between the heating gas and the oxidizing agent gas since the strength is increased with the crosslinking joints.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heating gas flows on one side of the electrode unit along flow paths (9). The oxidizing gas flows on the other side of the electrode unit along flow paths (6).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is the schematic sectional view of a solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel battery cell.    Solid polymeric electrolyte film (1)    Crosslinking part (1a)    Cathode (2a)    Anode (2b)    Separators (3a,3b)    Oxidizing gas flow path (6)    Heating gas flow path (9)    Electrode unit (10)
NOVELTY - A negatie electrode consists of a negative electrode active material support, a binder-containing mix for the negative electrode, and a metal foil current collector.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The binder consists of a mixture of a polyesteramide, and at least one of a butyral resin, vinyl acetate resin, and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer.    USE -   The negative electrode is used in a secondary battery using nonaqueous electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE -   The polyesteramide has flexibility, electrical durability, and adhesion to metals. The butyral resin, vinyl acetate resin, or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer has high adhesive strength to the metals and the negative electrode active material support. The results form an electrode coating having superior adhesion to the metal foil current collector and the negative electrode active material support, and superior durability and flexibility to the electrolyte. In the wound negative electrode, the mixed coating of the active material and the binder is not separated from the base material of the electrode metal. The coating has sufficient strength. The resulting secondary battery has superior charge discharge cycling characteristics and electrical capacity per unit volume.
NOVELTY - The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has a cross-linked butyral resin coating on active material surface of negative or positive electrodes.    USE - For portable electronic machines such as video camera, personal computer, telephone, camera, head phone, stereo and television.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is safe and has high charging and discharging characteristics and adhesive property. Prolonged and repeated usage is offered.
NOVELTY - Nut (7) through an insulated packing (6) fastens an electrode terminal (3) inside a through-hole of a cover plate (5) in an organic electrolyte battery (1). The packing is made of polyphenylene sulfide resin whose molecular weight is 40000-60000.    USE - For cover plate of organic electrolyte battery used in electric vehicle, audio-video apparatus, personal computer, camcorder, liquid crystal television and portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Sealing of nut and terminal is maintained effectively as insulated packing made of polyphenylene sulfide resin is used and hence even large temperature range can be provided in the cover plate. Even under high frequency generated in vehicle, sufficient sealing is effected by the packing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view and cross-sectional view of organic electrolyte battery.    Organic electrolyte battery (1)    Electrode terminal (3)    Cover plate (5)    Insulated packing (6)    Nut (7)
NOVELTY - Separator is made of thermoplastic porous resin film whose contraction percentage (C) after maintaining at 90degreesC for 1 hour calculated by, C (%) = ((Lb-la)/Lb)x100 is 2-40%. The endogenic peak(s) of the film measured by visible differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 110-150degreesC. The permeability of the film is restricted by heat shrinking it below endogenic peak temperature by 3degreesC.    USE - For non-aqueous electrolyte battery (claimed) such as lithium cell.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has low shut down temperature and high mechanical strength. The separator is inexpensive, efficient and safe.
NOVELTY - Composite gel electrolyte laminate sheet having sea-island structure is a laminate of two kinds of gel electrolyte sheets. Polymer electrolyte in one of the sheets exist in frozen state (frozen by liquid nitrogen) and that in the other sheet exist in liquid state.    USE - For use in batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The laminate electrolyte sheet excels in ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, workability and battery cycle characteristics.
NOVELTY - A thin film layer (2) is laminated on rough surface of temporary support body (4). The other surface of temporary support body which is an adhesive surface is laminated on a transfer substrate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for transfer film manufacturing method.    USE -   The transfer film is used for manufacturing diffused reflection board used in solar battery and reflection type LCD.    ADVANTAGE -   The reflection characteristics is easily controlled by setting up rough surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of transfer film. (2) Thin film layer; (4) Support body.
NOVELTY - A crosslinked polymer obtained by reacting a nitrogen-containing polymer with an electrophilic reagent having bi- or higher functionality is new.    USE - The crosslinked polymer is used in solid or liquid electrolytes in cells, capacitors, sensors, displays and recording devices, but especially in photo-electrochemical cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Photo-electrochemical cells containing the electrolyte exhibit excellent photoelectric conversion and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) An electrolyte containing the crosslinked polymer.    (2) A photo-electrochemical cell comprising an electrically conductive substrate, a semiconductor layer, an electrolyte layer and a counter electrode. The electrolyte layer comprises the new electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (2) having a central portion and a peripheral portion; an electrode disposed over the central portion and over the peripheral portion; a sub-gasket disposed over the peripheral portion and extends over the electrode (3); and a gasket (1) disposed over a portion of the sub-gasket.    USE - The invention is useful as membrane electrode assemblies in electronic devices, e.g., fuel cell. The complete assembly is known as a membrane electrode gasket assembly (MEGA), or membrane electrode sub-gasket assembly (MESGA). Further, the gasket can be used to prevent the mechanical failure of the MEA and to provide electrical insulation between the components.    ADVANTAGE - The gasket and the sub-gasket can form a fluid tight seal between the MEA and the gas diffusion media, and with the walls of the electrochemical cell in which it is installed, thus, minimizing the quantity of the more expensive ionomer composite and electrocatalytic materials that would otherwise be used as a gasket material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell comprising the assembly of this invention.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A figure showing a membrane electrode gasket assembly of this invention.    Gasket (1)    Electrolyte membrane (2)    Electrode (3)
NOVELTY - The device is formed as a monolithic CMOS integrated circuit which includes a focal plane array of pixel cells, each cell including a photogate overlying the substrate for accumulating photo-generated charge in an underlying portion of the substrate. A readout circuit includes at least an output field effect transistor formed in the substrate, and a charge coupled device (CCD) section formed on the substrate adjacent the photogate having a sensing node connected to the output transistor. A CCD stage transfers charge from the underlying portion of the substrate to the sensing node. An analog-to-digital (A/D) converter is formed in the substrate as a part of the integrated circuit.    USE - A silicon semiconductor imaging device which can be fabricated using a standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.    ADVANTAGE - The imager has the low kTC noise level of a CCD and is compatible for integration with CMDS signal processing circuits.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a focal plane cell.    Photogate (12)    Charge transfer section (14)    Substrate (20)    Photogate electrode (30)    Transfer gate electrode (35)    Floating diffusion (40)    Reset electrode (45)    Drain diffusion (50)    Source follower FET (55)    Row select FET (60)    Load FET (65)    Correlated double sampling circuit (70)    Shorting FET (116)    Sampling capacitors (205,235)    Output FETs (210,240)    Difference amplifier (250)    A/D converter (300)
NOVELTY - The device comprises two pluralities of refracting elements arranged so a ray of collimated light passes through one of the refracting elements in each of the pluralities and through a gap between the refracting elements, whereby the refracting elements act together to disperse and redirect the collimated light. The area of the regions of focus exposed to the dispersed and redirected light is smaller than the area of the pluralities of refracting elements exposed to the collimated light, and each of the regions of focus receives light having a photon energy spectrum that is narrower than the broad photon energy spectrum.    USE - A solar energy conversion system that concentrates sunlight and refractively splits the solar spectrum into narrow components.    ADVANTAGE - The concentration of light permits the use of a smaller quantity of relatively costly photovoltaic cells, and spectrum splitting allows those cells to operate at higher efficiency. The optical components may be economically manufactured of durable materials.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the parallel arrays of prisms and photovoltaic cells.    Sunlight (10)    Dispersing prisms (12)    Concentrating prisms (14)    Regions of focus (22)
NOVELTY - The peony type air zinc cell contains positive electrode catalyst layer (5) in positive electrode jar (1) and gel like zinc negative electrode (7). A water repellent polymeric resin porous film with air permeability of 2000 or less and thickness between 250-400 m is distributed between the positive catalyst layer and its electrode jar.    USE -   For battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Excels in leak proof property and discharge property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional drawing of peony type air battery. (1) Positive electrode jar; (5) Positive electrode catalyst layer.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte consists of a vinylidene fluoride group polymer matrix, an electrolyte and a plasticizer. The infrared spectrum of crystalline vinylidene fluoride consists of a peak in the vicinity of 511 cm-1 and 484 cm-1.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the lithium cell.    USE -   Used for lithium cell.    ADVANTAGE -   Ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity of the polymer electrolyte are enhanced. The matrix of the polymer electrolyte is transparent and uniform.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the infrared absorption spectrum of the film.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte (10) composition consists of a polymerizable electrolyte material (12) bonded with a reinforcement polymer (14) containing polymethyl methacrylate. The electrolyte solution is thermodynamically stable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of polymer gel electrolyte which involves forming a thermodynamically stable solution by mixing polymerizable electrolyte material and reinforcement polymer. The solution is subsequently exposed to hardening process.    USE -   For gel electrolytes in batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has reinforced compressive strength, low compressibility and improved mechanical properties.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the manufacturing process of the electrolyte composition. (10) Electrolyte; ; (12) Polymerizable electrolyte material; ; (14) Reinforcement polymer; ; (20) Solvent; ; (22) Monomer; ; (24) Polymerization initiator; ; (26) Ion conductor; ; (27) PEO.
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains anode, cathode and electricity generating component consisting of separator in a battery jar. The jar is made of metal lamination resin sheet or its compact. The electrolyte containing lithium imide salt is enclosed in the jar.    USE -   For portable radio telephone, portable personal computer and portable video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   Adhesive strength, charging and discharging property of the battery is not reduced as surface of the resin sheet is not oxidized. The energy density per volume is excellent. Offers lightweight battery that can be used at high temperature range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross section of plate of electricity generation component of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
NOVELTY - Polyester film is used as the electrolyte in the solid polymeric type fuel battery (20). The plate type modifier (22) consists of reform chamber and adjacent heating chamber. The waste gas of heating chamber is carried to entrance side of the heating chamber by waste gas recycle line (24).    USE -   For drive of electricity generation installation.    ADVANTAGE -   High temperature operation is not involved and heat exchange of combustion gas and oxidizing gas is not used. Hence the load responsiveness and thermal efficiency are improved. Since plate type modifier has reform chamber and heating chamber next to one another, pressure loss is low. The steam requirement of waste gas steam generator is reduced, and a steam generator is made compact. Since the pump head of blower is only portion of the pressure loss of combustor and modifier heating chamber, power required is less. Combustor temperature is reduced by recycle of outlet waste gas of heating chamber to entrance side and NOx is reduced with cost reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows block diagram of solid polymeric type fuel battery. (20) Fuel battery; (22) Modifier; (24) Waste gas recycle line.
NOVELTY - The battery consists of a solid polymer electrolyte film (9) whose both sides are provided with a fuel pole and an oxidizing agent pole. A thin metal plate separator (1) containing grooves is provided. A reaction gas flow path is provided between the fuel pole and the oxidizing agent pole. A sheet-like seal member (2) containing manifold holes is provided in the separator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The grooves which are in the shape of parallel waveform, formed by press stamping, are present in the central part at both sides of the separator. The seal member supplies and ejects reaction gas. A cooling unit is provided in the contact part of the seal member.    USE -   For power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   Weight of the battery is reduced. Reliability, mass production, stabilization over long period of time and operating characteristics of the battery are enhanced. Maintenance of the battery is easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross-sectional diagram of the solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery. (1) Separator; (2) Seal member; (9) Solid polymer electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - The anode (1) is covered with resin made non-woven fabric, along its longitudinal direction and height direction of edge portion of battery. The non-woven fabric includes one or two resins chosen from a group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide-6, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.    USE -   For covering anode of cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte battery for use as power supply of camera and power supply for back-up of memory in electronic equipments.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the anode is covered by resin made non-woven fabric, short circuit of battery is prevented thereby ensuring high safety. The use of non-woven fabric does not inhibit the discharge of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the front elevation of anode structure with covering layer. (1) Anode.
NOVELTY - The separator (3) is positioned between sheet-like negative electrode (2) and sheet-like positive electrode (1) in inorganic electrolyte (4). The negative electrode consists of coating film having conductive base material on which negative electrode active material is provided. Polyolefin resin is used as binder. Hydrocarbon type solvent is used to dissolve the polyolefin resin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium secondary battery manufacturing method.    USE -   Used to manufacture lithium secondary battery with high energy density per unit volume and per unit weight.    ADVANTAGE -   Since fusible polyolefin resin is used as binder, deterioration of binder at the time of charging is prevented. Thereby problems like sliding down of negative electrode active material are avoided. The lithium secondary battery with high energy density per unit volume and per unit weight is obtained, since deterioration of negative electrode is avoided. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of lithium secondary battery. (1) Positive electrode; (2) Negative electrode; (3) Separator; (4) Inorganic electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The anode (1) consists of a coating film which includes mixture of anode active material, a binder and a hydrocarbon solvent. The binder has a mixture of polytetrafluoroethlene and polyolefin resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of lithium secondary battery.    USE -   For lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   By using a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyolefin resin as binder material, the viscous characteristic and film strength of the coating material on anode of the battery is raised. By using a binder mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyolefin resin, the deterioration of anode active material is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of lithium secondary battery. (1) Anode.
NOVELTY - The solid electrolyte consists of fiber structured object constituted by fiber containing gel formation polymer which is made to contact with specific non-aqueous solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid electrolyte manufacturing method.    USE -   For non-aqueous secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte is excellent. Handling property is easy.
NOVELTY - An insulating layer (21) made from synthetic material is coated to thickness of 30 m onto surface of a heat absorbing panel (2). The panel is fixed to solar battery module (1) using adhesive layer (14) and then polymerized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar heat conversion module manufacturing method.    USE -   Is installed in roof panel of buildings such as residence for use as heat source.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents direct contact of lead wire of battery cells and heat absorbing panel, thereby preventing short circuit. Prevents damage to solar battery cell and insulating layer during assembling, thereby improving reliability of electric insulation. Simplifies formation of insulating layer, as general coating procedure is adopted for formation of the layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows perspective exploded view of solar battery unit. (1) Solar battery module; (2) Heat absorbing panel; (14) Adhesive layer; (21) Insulating layer.
NOVELTY - A cholesteric liquid crystal polymer sheet (10) is arranged below the circularly polarized phase difference board. A solar battery (19) which energizes the display device, and a device drive unit are arranged below the display device. A case with wind shield glass covers the display device and battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A TN liquid crystal element (7) has 90 twisted nematic liquid crystal (6) which is provided between substrates (1,2). Electrodes (3,4) are formed on the two substrates, respectively. A polarizing plate (8) is provided on outer side of the substrate (2) and a circularly polarized light phase difference board (9) is formed outside the substrate (1). The polymer sheet is arranged below the board. A wind shield glass covers the display device which is energized by the solar battery.    USE -   For solar powered digital clock.    ADVANTAGE -   Even though solar battery is not exposed, high electricity generation efficiency is obtained. Transmittance of liquid crystal display device is increased and monochromatic color display with favorable angle of visibility is obtained. Greater freedom is available in the design of clock. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the sectional view of the digital clock showing liquid crystal display device and other components. (1,2) Substrates; (3,4) Electrodes; (6) Nematic liquid crystal; (7) TN liquid crystal element; (8) Polarizing plate; (9) Circularly polarized light phase difference board; (10) Cholesteric liquid crystal polymer sheet; (19) Solar battery.
NOVELTY - The solar battery is arranged corresponding to the windshield glass side of a movement of a clock case. The movement drives a pointer. The light receiving surface side of the solar battery is provided with a multilayer coating member (17). The coating member consists of layers of a liquid crystal polymer film (13), diffusion layer (15) and an transparent substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The liquid crystal polymer film sheet consists of a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer layer (12) on a base film (11).    USE -   For clocks.    ADVANTAGE -   The dial for clocks is made colorful and legible. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of gas barrier property film. (11) Base film; (12) Cholesteric liquid crystal polymer; (13) Liquid crystal polymer sheet; (15) Diffusion layer; (17) Coating member.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte compound comprises at least two polymer compounds which form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network. Each polymer compound has an ether bond and a polyalkylene structure.    USE - Solid electrolyte for secondary batteries used, e.g., in portable electric products such as camcorders, cellular phones and laptop computers.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has increased ion electric conductivity and high mechanical intensity provided by the first polymer compound.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (a) an electrolyte compound comprising    (i) bridgeable compounds having bridgeable functional groups, and    (ii) a second polymer, where the latter and a first polymer compound obtained by bridging the bridgeable compounds with the bridge groups can form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network;    (b) an electrolyte comprising the semi-interpenetrating polymer network and a light metal salt;    (c) processes for producing the electrolyte; and    (d) a battery containing the electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the composition of a secondary battery using the electrolyte.    Negative electrode (11)    Positive electrode (12)    Electrolyte (13)    Insulating packing (14)    Coating materials (15, 16)
NOVELTY - Control and operation is powered exclusively by solar cells.    USE - To water plants on burial plots. Use for plants in gardens and camping sites is also cited.    ADVANTAGE - Watering is fully automatic and takes place in accordance with need. The equipment is completely autonomous and requires no attention or external supplies. Design is further elaborated in the text.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A general perspective view of the concept appears.
NOVELTY - The solar energy collector is a multi-web plate array which consists of polycarbonate and is provided with heat absorbing strips.    USE - For heating air or water streams.    ADVANTAGE - The solar energy collector is highly efficient, and can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the proposed solar energy collector.    Flow channels for air to be heated (6)    Aluminum channels blackened on one side (7)
NOVELTY - Silver mirror (10) has a polymeric substrate (11) with ultraviolet absorbing polymer (17) film of thickness 40-60 g/m2 adhered to the exposed protective layer (19) surface. A thin specular reflective silver layer (13) is bonded to and overlies the substrate. A thin protective layer of film forming polymer (15) is bonded to and overlies an exposed silver layer surface (14).    USE - Used in solar reflectors.    ADVANTAGE - The silver mirror is durable and resistant to corrosion and weather. It effectively screens ultraviolet light and retains its specular optical efficiency and aesthetic appearance when used as a component in solar reflectors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a silver mirror comprising:    (a) providing a polymeric substrate;    (b) bonding a specular reflective silver layer to substrate;    (c) bonding a thin protective layer of film forming polymer to silver layer; and    (d) adhering an ultraviolet absorbing polymer film with a thickness = 40-60 g/m2 to the protective layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the simplest form of silver mirror.    Silver mirror (10)    Polymeric substrate (11)    Specular reflective silver layer (13)    Exposed silver layer surface (14)    Film forming polymer (15)    Ultraviolet absorbing polymer film (17)    Exposed protective layer surface (19)
NOVELTY - Lithium ion secondary battery comprises cylindrical electrode laminate (14), (formed by laminating positive electrode, negative electrode and separator) provided on a metal container (12). A collector is configured on the edge portion of the electrode laminate. A conductive paint (20) containing nickel powder, electrically connects collector and metal container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of lithium ion secondary battery. The positive electrode is formed by applying positive electrode material containing lithium compound to metal plate (22). Similarly, the negative electrode is formed by applying negative electrode material to another metal sheet surface. The positive electrode, negative electrode and the separator are sequentially laminated and wound cylindrically to form electrode laminate. The conductive resin containing nickel powder, applied between collector and metal container is hardened at 50-100C.    USE -   For use in motor vehicles, power storage batteries and electrically driven wheel chairs.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrode laminate is reliably and easily connected to an external electrode. The battery is durable and safe even during conduction of heavy currents. The battery can be manufactured economically.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross sectional view of lithium ion secondary battery. (12) Metal container; ; (14) Electrode laminate; ; (16) Positive electrode collector; ; (18) Negative electrode collector; ; (20) Conductive paint; ; (22) Metal plate.
NOVELTY - A material supports a composition for a heat reserving material containing sugar alcohols and contains a resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The material has: (a) load deflection temperature - within the range of a temperature lower than the melting point of the composition for the heat reserving material by 50C and 400C; (b) bending strength retention after holding the composition at 160C for 4000 hours - 50% or more.    USE -   The heat reservoir is used in thermal storage type electrical water-heating systems using midnight power, thermal storage type floor heating systems, thermal storage systems for automobile engines used in cold climates.    ADVANTAGE -   The heat reservoir is easily produced and has lightweight and superior long-term reliability.
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte contains at least one compound and a gelatinizer having a molecular weight of 1000 or less.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The compound is selected from formula (I) and formula R4-D-E-R3 (II). R1 and R2 = alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, or aryl groups;R3 = a cyano group, alkoxycarbonyl group, acyloxy group, carbonamide group, phosphoric acid group, phosphono group, phosphino group, phosphoryl group, carbamoyl group, urethane group, urea group, carbonate group, sulfonamide group, sulfamoyl group, sulfoxide group, sulfone group, sulfonyl group, nitro group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, or hydroxy group;E = a single bond, alkylene group, alkenylene group, or arylene group;a, b, c = 0 or 1. R3 = a cyano group, alkoxycarbonyl group, acyloxy group, carbonamide group, phosphoric acid group, phosphono group, phosphino group, phosphoryl group, carbamoyl group, urethane group, urea group, carbonate group, sulfonamide group, sulfamoyl group, sulfoxide group, sulfone group, sulfonyl group, nitro group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, or hydroxy group;E = a single bond, alkylene group, alkenylene group, or arylene group;D = -O-, -OC(O)-, or -OC(O)O-; R4 = a heterocyclic group, alkyl group having heterocyclic group, alkenyl group, or aryl group.    USE -   The gel electrolyte and the opto-electric conversion element are used in the light-regenerating optical electro-chemical battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The opto-electric conversion element and the optical electro-chemical battery have superior opto-electric conversion characteristics and less aged deterioration in the opto-electric conversion characteristics.
NOVELTY - The electrode-film contact piece is manufactured by joining a gas diffusion electrode and an ion exchange membrane using an adhesive. The ion exchange membrane consists of a perfluoro carbon polymer having phosphonic acid group. The adhesive contains 0.1-30 wt.% of the ion exchange resin dissolved in a hydrocarbon alcoholic solvent, fluorine containing hydrocarbon solvent or their mixed solvent.    USE -   For fuel battery of a solid polymer electrolyte (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The pores in gas diffusion electrode are not crushed, and pore diameter is maintained such that, the electrode excels in gas diffusion. The film contact piece has low concentration over-voltage. A high output is obtained with stability.
NOVELTY - The roof cover elements such as, for example, concrete or clay roof tiles are provided with openings which are covered with a material such as glass, Plexiglass etc. which is transparent to sunlight.    USE - For electricity generation by means of photovoltaic cells.    ADVANTAGE - Need for mounting costly photovoltaic installations on roofs is eliminated together with drawbacks (unsightly appearance, susceptibility to mechanical damage, dependence on services of specialist firms) associated with such installations.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte composition includes a solid, ionically conductive polymer, organically modified oxide particles comprising organic groups covalently bonded to the oxide particles, and an alkali metal salt. The composition is free of lithiated zeolite.    USE - For alkali metal polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The invented electrolyte composition have adhesive properties and are capable of being adhered to electrodes. Electrochemical cells and batteries constructed from the invented composition exhibit uniform plating of electrode materials, impedance levels similar to that of the solid ionically conductive polymer, and the ability to cycle repeatedly at constant cell voltage levels. They exhibit stable levels of impedance during cell cycling, and are capable of cycling for greater than 50 cycles in a lithium-lithium cell, at four hours/cycle, with a current density 0.5 mA/cm2, at a depth of discharge of 1 mAh/cm2, and at 80 degrees C. They possess sufficient ionic conductivity at room temperature, so that batteries that include the electrolyte composition can be discharged at low current densities. The organically modified particles provide improved structural integrity to the electrolyte composition, thus allowing batteries and cells to be constructed from thin electrolyte films. The stronger electrolyte films exhibit improved web handling at higher speeds. The composition is less combustible than solid polymer electrolytes due to the incorporation of non-combustible inorganic fillers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a cell comprising two electrodes, and the invented electrolyte composition adhered to a major surface of one electrode; and (B) a composite electrode comprising the invented electrolyte composition.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte comprises a microphase separated block copolymer comprising at least one ionically conductive block and at least one second block that is immiscible in the ionically conductive block; an anion immobilized on the polymer electrolyte; and a cationic species. The ionically conductive block provides a continuous ionically conductive pathway through the electrolyte.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in an electrochemical cell or as a conductive binder in a cathode or anode in a battery (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte possesses a high transference value for the conductive lithium ion. The invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte in which only the cations have high mobility, and the anions are immobilized on the polymer electrolyte. The electrochemical cell has an improved cell efficiency due to the improvements in the electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (A) a battery comprising (i) the invented electrolyte, (ii) a negative electrode in electrical contact with the electrolyte, (iii) a positive electrode in electrical contact with the electrolyte and separated from the negative electrode, and (iv) an external circuit in electronic communication with the negative and positive electrodes;    (B) a cathode; and    (C) an anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of a 1;1;1 SDBCE which possessed acceptable conductivity, particularly at elevated temperatures.
NOVELTY - A bipolar battery comprises of molded plastic components each with a metal substrate, and each having a plastic frame about its periphery such that the metal substrate is embedded in the plastic. Surface of the metal substrate is suitable for accepting an active material paste. The shrinkage characteristics of the plastic frame match those of the metallic substrate.    USE - A modular plastic frame for a bipolar battery having an embedded metallic substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The modular plastic frame provides a reliable seal along the plastic-metal interface, and improved uniformity of paste thickness, and may be fabricated using an easily automated , cost effective method. The bipolar battery exhibits improved performance characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metallic substrate has a series of apertures positioned about its periphery thereby providing a composite structure shrinking as a single unit. The shrinkage characteristics are matched such that the thickness of the paste has a variation of no more than about 50%, most preferably. 10%, and a pressure decay value is no greater than about 1.0 mbar/sec., most preferably. 0.125 mbar/sec. using a 1.5 psi pressure differential.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the molded component part of the invention.    Metallic substrate (18)    Top layer (36)    Bottom layer (38)    Frame member (44)
NOVELTY - Metal separator (1) has grooves (3) for allowing gas flow. A composite coating consisting of noble metals mixed with at least fluororesin or fluoride graphite particle, exhibits eutectic property. The contact surface (2) of groove is coated with the composite.    USE -   For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Exhibits low contact resistance property to separator with excellent water repellent property of groove, as the groove is coated with at least fluororesin or fluoride graphite particle and noble metals into skin layer. Enables excellent corrosion resistance and secures favorable gas flow facultativity, as the noble metals is mixed with at least fluororesin or fluoride graphite of composite coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the outline of the metal separator. (1) Metal separator; (2) Contact surface; (3) Groove.
NOVELTY - The collector consists of an embossed corrugated metallic foil.    USE -   In secondary battery like lithium ion battery and capacitor.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables excellent adhesive property as the collector has embossed corrugated metallic foil. Increases remarkable surface area as contact points for active material mixture leads to large capacity for battery.
NOVELTY - Aqueous solution of manganese sulfate is subjected to electrolysis. Manganese dioxide precipitated at the anode is removed, mixed with pure water into a slurry and subjected to crude grinding followed by wet grinding into particle of predetermined size containing few impurities and is subsequently ejected.    USE -   For use as electroactive material in dry cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Manganese dioxide excels in discharge and preservation characteristics.
NOVELTY - A microporous film consisting of a polyolefin consists of a polyolefin composition containing an ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin having a weight-average molecular weight of 5105 or more. The holes of the microporous film are filled with a macromolecular solid electrolyte. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thin film of the macromolecular solid electrolyte has a thickness of 20 micronmeters or below and a real part impedance of 8103 ohms.cm.    USE -   The method produces the thin film of the macromolecular solid electrolyte used in batteries, capacitors.    ADVANTAGE -    The film of the macromolecular solid electrolyte is uniformly formed to a thin film having a thickness of 20 micronmeters or below, and a low internal resistance, 8103 ohms. cm2or below, and good handling in production. The polyolefin porous phase serves as a separator, depressing the development of dendrite. The resulting film of the solid electrolyte has high safety. The resulting batteries have high capacity, good productivity, and high safety.
NOVELTY - A metal layer formed on inorganic powder by plating is adhered with conductive powder.    USE -   For electrically conductive ink (claimed) containing organic binder and conductive powder used in electric and electronic circuit patterns of semiconductors and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Manufacturing cost of conductive ink is reduced. Drip prevention during printing is prevented. The mechanical and physical properties of the conductive powder are maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross sectional view of conductive powder. (1) Copper powder; ; (2) Plated layer.
NOVELTY - The lithium ion secondary battery uses a gel-electrolyte of polyvinylidene fluoride and/or vinylidene fluoride copolymer, also functioning as separator (3) for separating the electrodes (1,5) coated with corresponding active materials (2,4). The electrodes and separators are integrated together to form laminated layers of specific length and width.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - If `L' and `W' denote the length and width of each layer in the laminate and the suffixes `c', `m', `s' and `a' denote the anode active material layer (4), the electrode, the separator and the cathode active material layer (2) respectively, then Wm Ws Wc Wa and Lm=Ls=La=Lc.    USE -   For power supply of portable machines such as personal computer, portable telephones and video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the gel electrolyte itself is used as separator for separating electrodes and integrated together with the electrode plates, the danger of short circuiting due to shifting of the separator from its original position is prevented, thus increasing safety and reliability of the battery. Since the electrode plates, their corresponding active material layers and the separator of predetermined length and width are integrated together, the utilization efficiency and packing efficiency of electrodes are improved, thus reducing the size and weight of the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the laminated components of the lithium ion secondary battery. (1,5) Electrodes; (2,4) Electrode active material layers; (3) Separator.
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery consists of anode which carries out occlusion and release of lithium ion, cathode which contains graphite group carbon material as active material and an organic electrolyte in which lithium salt is dissolved. 100 volume percent of organic electrolyte contains 15-50 vol.% of ethylene carbonate and 0.5-2.5 vol.% of phosphazene.    USE -   For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The lithium secondary battery has excellent charging and discharging cycle characteristic and flame retardancy.
NOVELTY - Any one or two of flow regulating valves (19,21) that regulates supply of water by fuel side water pump (12) is configured in all the outlet path of heating gas of carbon monoxide conversion device (4) and modifier (3). The controller (20) adjusts amount of water supply by controlling the flow regulating valves and pump.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier (3) carries out steam reforming of raw material and forms hydrogen rich reform gas. The carbon monoxide conversion device (4) uses reformed gas to transform carbon monoxide contained in it.    USE -   For generating power using solar polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Internal heat loss is restrained to minimum extent to humidify heating gas simultaneously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows block diagram of power generation system using solid polymeric type fuel battery. (3) Modifier; (4) Carbon monoxide conversion device; (12) Pump; (19,21) Valves; (20) Controller.
NOVELTY - A lid (21) is provided with external jaw (21a) at its both ends, which fits with pipe expansion step (20b) of a case (20). A stopper (21b) is extended vertically near the jaw. An O-ring (17) is air-tightly sealed between the pipe expansion step and jaw and stopper of the lid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Compression sealing of elastic packing (18) is performed between external jaw outer side of lid and opening edge of case.    USE -   For storage battery used as power supply of electric vehicle, electrically driven cart, backup during service interruption, power storage and security apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Air-tight dependability is improved, since double sealing is performed. Improves battery life span, since sealing property of battery is improved greatly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of secondary battery. (17) O-ring; (18) Elastic packing; (20) Case; (20b) Pipe expansion step; (21) Lid; (21a) External jaw; (21b) Stopper.
NOVELTY - An elastic O-ring (17) is installed between cylindrical portion (20a) of case (20) and cylindrical portion (21b) of the lid (21). A disc-shaped support (21a) of lid is supported by pipe expansion cylinder portion (20b) of the case and elastic packing (18) is carried out between them.    USE -   For secondary battery used in electric vehicle, electric cart and used in back-up during service interruption and apparatus for power storage and security apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves air tight dependability greatly. Improves life span since sealing property is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross sectional view of secondary battery. (17) Elastic O-ring; (18) Elastic packing; (20) Case; (20a,20b,21b) Cylinder portions; (21) Lid; (21a) Disc-shaped support.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte contains an organic polymer. The organic polymer is a repeating unit and it contains a connection molecule coupled between the principal chain and an oligo ethylene oxide chain.    USE -   For lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Crystallization of the organic polymer is eliminated. Moldability, mechanical strength and workability of the electrolyte are increased.
NOVELTY - A porous sheet contains fibril structure of 80-20 pulps of 20-80 weight percent of (meth)acrylonitrile group polymer pulp and polyolefin group polymer pulp. The fibril particles of (meth)acrylonitrile polymer has diameter of 0.2-1 m and is branched. The sheet has 20-85% of porosities and thickness of 150 m or less.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of porous sheet. The method involves carrying out mixed paper-making of (meth)acrylonitrile and polyolefin group polymer pulps, press heat treating at temperature more than melting point of polyolefin group polymer and providing network structure between polyolefin group polymers.    USE -   For ionic conductivity solid electrolyte formation (claimed), solid lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The wettability with non-aqueous electrolyte, impregnating ability and uniform gelling are performed easily. Handling property and dynamic characteristics of solid electrolyte sheet are favorable. The sheet has high ionic conductivity and there is no leakage of electrolyte. The obtained battery has excellent cyclic characteristics.
NOVELTY - Cathodically protecting metal-reinforced concrete surfaces, especially steel concrete comprises using anode elements containing one of more solar cells. The solar cells are connected to the anode of the anode element and the metal to provide a current supply.    USE - In reconstructing buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The provision for direct current from the public network is avoided.
NOVELTY - Thin-layer solar cells are produced by coating an organic polymeric supporting material with at least one photovoltaically active layer and annealing them together. The supporting material has glass transition temperature 90-200 degrees C. Coating is carried out below the glass transition temperature and annealing is conducted at 400-600 degrees C using a laser for 0.01-1 s at 2-5000 W/mm2.    USE - The invention is used in the production of thin-layer solar cells, e.g. cadmium/tellurium (CdTe) solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides high efficiency solar cells. It permits the use of flexible films without the polymeric supporting material being damage by high temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell containing at least one photovoltaically active layer on a support.
NOVELTY - The ion exchange membrane (1) comprises a porous layer (2) containing ion exchange resin distributed on one or both sides.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of the ion exchange membrane.    USE -   For electrochemical apparatus such as electrolyzer, solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolytic voltage is reduced as surface area of the membrane is increased. As the membrane is not ruptured, current efficiency is improved. Thermocompression bonding on the surface of the ion exchange membrane is performed at high temperature and strength of the resin is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional drawing of ion exchange membrane. (1) Ion exchange membrane; (2) Porous layer.
NOVELTY - Lithium ion cells used in batteries comprise a positive electrode made of 4-8 wt.% conducting carbon black, 0-15 wt.% expanded graphite and 3-10 wt.% polyvinylidenedifluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer containing 15-30 mol.% hexafluoropropylene in the copolymer, and a supplement of up to 100% of a lithium-containing metal oxide as active material applied on a metal support. The surface covering is 4-15 mg and the porosity is 40-65 %.    USE - In batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The current carrying capacity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the cell comprising completely dissolving the binder for the positive electrode in a solvent and homogeneously dispersing the active material and the conducting agent in the binder solution. The electrode paste obtained is applied to the electrically conducting support material to form a covering layer of 4-15 mg/cm squared. The solvent is vaporized and a porosity of 40-65% is obtained.
NOVELTY - A secondary battery consists of a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive electrode active material consists of a lithium-containing transition metal oxide. The negative electrode consists of a compound containing a silicon atom capable of inserting lithium. The nonaqueous electrolyte consists of a gel electrolyte containing: (a) an organic polymer; (b) an aprotic solvent; and (c) ammonium salt, alkaline metal salt, or alkaline earth metal salt.    USE -   The secondary battery is used in video devices, cameras, a lens-bearing film, note personal computer, note word processor, electronic notebook, cellular telephone, cordless telephone, shaver, power tools, motor-driven blender, automobiles.    ADVANTAGE -   The secondary battery has superior charge discharge cycling characteristics.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte of non-aqueous secondary battery contains a polymer obtained on reacting 2 compounds having at least one of , unsaturated substituents of sulphonyl, nitrile or carbonyl groups with at least 2 nucleophiles chosen out of amino, mercapto, sulfide, sulphino or sulphinato groups and an organic solvent and a salt.    USE -   For non aqueous secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Has excellent low temperature characteristics and ion conductivity.
NOVELTY - A strip-shaped separator (23) is interposed between strip-shaped anode and cathode (21,22) which are wound in a cylindrical shape. Resin spacers (24,25) are interposed between edge portions of the anode and cathode that protrude along separator axial length. Further, the exposed edge portions are joined to a collector (41).    USE -   For use in motor vehicles, portable telephones, portable video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery exhibits high output and energy density. Damage of the battery by overheating is prevented. High productivity of the battery can be secured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows cross sectional view of cylindrical battery. (21,22) Anode and cathode; (23) Strip-shaped separator; (24,25) Resin spacers; (41) Collector.
NOVELTY - A fuel battery laminate (10) consists of alternately arranged unit fuel battery cells (12) and separators (14). The cell consists of solid polymer electrolyte film (16) provided between anode and cathode lateral electrodes (18,20). The end faces of the cell adjoints either sides of the separator which protrudes along the orthogonal direction of laminate.    USE -   For use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The projecting edge portion of the separator functions as a cooling fin and the heat generated by a fuel battery cell can be regulated effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross sectional view of fuel battery laminate. (10) Fuel battery laminate; (12) Fuel battery cells; (14) Separators; (16) Solid polymer electrolyte film; (18,20) Electrodes.
NOVELTY - An electrolytic tank is a fabric (21) made of organic fibers having one ore more backing layers, further laminated by rubber or plastic layers. The tank stores electrolyte which circulates between electrodes.    USE -   For use in power storing batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte tank effectively utilizes space between electrodes configured in the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of composition of electrolyte tank. (21) Fabric.
NOVELTY - Predetermined amount of modified gas ejected from the modifier (7) is supplied to the alloy container (12) through the modify gas line (14) during run condition of modifier. The hydrogen absorbing alloy (11) stored in the container absorbs the hydrogen in the modified gas. The absorbed hydrogen is fed back to the modifier, when it is stopped.    USE -   In solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents condensation of fuel such as methanol and water vapor. Pressure of fuel battery is not changed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the block diagram of modifier. (7) Modifier; (11) Hydrogen absorbing alloy; (12) Alloy container; (14) Gas line.
NOVELTY - A conductive porous article has a conductive layer of silver microparticle aggregate formed on the surface of synthetic resin made porous article having continuous blow hole structure as core material.    USE -   For manufacturing metal porous article used as plates of alkali secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Conductive porous article manufactures metal porous article having low electrical value with high productivity and efficiency. The metal porous plate used in batteries has improved charging and discharging efficiency.
NOVELTY - A secondary battery uses:    (a) a negative electrode using an active material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium;    (b) a positive electrode using an active material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium; and    (c) a nonaqueous electrolytic solution formed by dissolving lithium salt as an electrolyte in a nonaqueous solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A binder for any active material of the negative electrode and the positive electrode consists of a polyimide resin having an elastic modulus of 500-3000 MPa.    USE -   The method produces the secondary battery using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. The secondary battery is used in an automobile mounting a rotary motor operated by the secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The secondary battery has superior cycling life, battery characteristics at high temperatures.
NOVELTY - Ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the surface of a conductive base material over which a conductive polymer solution is applied and dried to form a conductive polymer film.    USE -   For manufacture of polymer electrode used as polyaniline electrode for lithium secondary battery, water-base secondary battery, active oxygen formation and photoconductive drums (organic photoconductor).    ADVANTAGE -   The conductive polymer film is not peeled off even after prolonged usage.
NOVELTY - The metal composite anode agent consists of polymeric material having copper salt compounds and CuXn where X is the halide, sulfide or thiocyanic acid ions. The cathode consists of a substance chosen from lithium, lithium alloy or carbon group substance added with lithium.    USE -   In lithium polymer secondary battery used for portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE -   Secures weight reduction and high charging and discharging characteristics. Avoids liquid leakage hence improves operation efficiency.
NOVELTY - A protective layer (S1), a metallic foil (S2) and an adhesive layer of thermoplastic resin (S3) are laminated on a sheet type electrode component (E). An electrode terminal (T) is pulled out from the electrode component. The thermoplastic resin layer is exposed outwardly from the metallic foil.    USE -   For portable telephone, electronic information terminal.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the resin layer is longer than the metallic foil, short circuit of the electrodes is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional diagram of the sheet type battery. (S1) Protective layer; (S2) Metallic foil; (S3) Adhesive layer of thermoplastic resin; (E) Electrode component; (T) Electrode terminal.
NOVELTY - Battery pack of compact mold for power supply goods has connection end faces of pair of battery pack container piece with specific thickness difference.    USE -   In compact mold for power supply goods.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids melting of battery pack container pieces as the rib is provided in welding area of connection surface among the opposing surfaces which leads to selective melting of the container pieces. Prevents interlocking of a fused resin and transformation to avoid exterior damage as the thickness of the connection surfaces is maintained to specific range. Enables reliable battery pack with sufficient yield as mass production as the damage is prevented by intermittent forming of welding rib at the connection junction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows principal portion of the battery pack in sectional view during welding. (5,6) Battery pack container piece; ; (7) Rib.
NOVELTY - The bus wiring (5) includes an input-output terminal (5b) and a fixed resistance (5a) that is connected to a portion of the wiring lead. A terminal holder (4) supports the bus wiring from the inner side. A through hole (4a) is provided at the contact position of the terminal holder and the fixed resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery block (1) that includes several cell units (1a) connected in series is accommodated between on upper and lower synthetic resin cases (2,3). A bus wiring (5) is formed from the wiring lead of the shape of thin plate.    USE -   For use as power supply in portable communication apparatus.    ADVANTAGE -   The visual observation of the fixed resistance that identifies the capacity of the battery pack is enabled. Prevents damage of fixed resistance by external shock as the resistance does not protrude from the inner side of the terminal holder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the perspective view of the composition of the battery pack. (1) Battery block; (1a) Cell units; (2,3) Upper and lower synthetic resin cases; (4) Terminal holder; (4a) Through hole; (5) Bus wiring; (5a) Fixed resistance; (5b) Input-output terminal.
NOVELTY - Circular gaps of a polyvinylidene fluoride film are filled with a gel. The gel maintains an electrolyte in an intermolecular structure of a compound like a glycol polymer which has two or more hydroxyl group and a compound like a tolylene diisocyanate which has two or more isocyanate groups.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of solid electrolyte film.    USE -   For battery used in portable telephone, video camera and note type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the solid electrolyte film has a gel in polyvinylidene fluoride film, the strength of the film is excellent and reliable and charging and discharging capacity is favorable.
NOVELTY - Amount of swelling in fluororesin film comprising poly vinylidene fluoride is 25 phrs or more and amount of impregnations in the pores of the film is 100 phrs or more. Thrusting or compressive strength of the film maintained in gel-like state is 38 g/25 m or more.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gel-like polymer electrolyte film formation method.    USE -   For lithium ion secondary battery and electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE -   The film excels in chemical resistance, swelling property, ionic conductivity and thrusting strength.
NOVELTY - 3-20 m of conductive coating films are formed on the austenitic stainless steel which acts as base material surface and electrically conductive graphite powder mixed with carbon black powder is used as coating films.    USE -   Used for solid polymeric fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   By using graphite powder mixed with carbon powder, the contact resistance on the surface of coating film is reduced. The resistance coating stainless steel surface is reduced by activating it by pickling. When used in the environment of prolonged vibration or shock, a gap is not produced in the contact surface of separator and stable conductivity is maintained.
NOVELTY - The transducer includes a working electrode (10) consisting of a semiconductor layer (3) and a counter electrode (11) between which a solid layer (5) consisting of polymeric porous film is provided. An electrolyte (4) is maintained in the clearance of the solid layer.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Electrolyte leaking or volatilizing reduces as polymeric porous film is used and as well as prevents short circuit. Stabilizes photoelectric conversion efficiency for a long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of optoelectric transducer. (3) Semiconductor layer; (4) Electrolyte; (5) Solid layer; (10) Working electrode; (11) Counter electrode.
NOVELTY - The battery includes a gas passage board (11) formed from mixture of conductive resin and copper powder. The grooves (6a,6b) in gas passage board enable supplying heating gas and oxidizing gas respectively to electrodes (2a,2b) configured on either sides of solid polymer electrolyte film (1).    USE -   In electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   Gas passage board cheaply made from conductive resin offers a favorable electric conductivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded sectional view of the battery. (1) Electrolyte film; (2a,2b) Electrodes; (6a,6b) Grooves; (11) Gas passage board.
NOVELTY - Two cylindrical rollers (9a,9b) are configured in parallel leaving space to place the polymer electrode sheet to be cut. Blades (10a,10b) are arranged on outer circumference of the rollers (9a,9b), respectively. Two pair of cushioning rubber cylinders (11a,11a',11b,11b') fasten the blades (10a,10b) on both outer circumferential surface of the rollers (9a,9b), respectively.    USE -   For cutting apparatus for polymer batteries used in portable telephone, video camera.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves cutting process of electrodes sharply in mass production. Detachment of electrode mixture in cutting surface and generation of burr are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partially notched cross-section of the electrode cutting apparatus. (9a,9b) Cylindrical rollers; (10a,10b) Blades; (11a,11b,11a',11b') Cushioning rubber cylinder.
NOVELTY - The upper end part of carbon rod (6) inside battery is surrounded by sealant (7). A zinc jar (1) includes the battery assembly. Silicon oil (12) remains interposed between contact surfaces of zinc jar and sealant.    USE -   For cylindrical manganese dry battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The interpositioning of silicon oil between battery jar and sealant, in battery prevents air flowing to battery during storage. Hence a manganese dry battery excellent in storage function is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded sectional diagram of battery sealing structure. (1) Zinc jar; (6) Carbon rod; (7) Sealant; (12) Silicon oil.
NOVELTY - A polyolefin type fiber of non-woven fabric is subjected to hydrophilisation treatment and the surface layer of the fiber is analyzed by electro spectroscopy chemical analysis (ESCA) for measuring carbon, oxygen and nitrogen atomic numbers. The analysis satisfy specific equations    0.5/-[N]/{[C]+[O]+[N]}/-0.05 (1) and 0.7/-{[O]+[N]}/{[C]+[O]+[N]}/-0.15 (2).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of polyolefin type hydrophilic non-woven fabric. The method involves applying a voltage between counter electrodes for generation of plasma discharge to perform hydrophilisation to polyolefin type fiber, at atmospheric pressure. The applied voltage is controlled between 130 - 180% of plasma discharge initiation field strength.    USE -   For agriculture, forestry, plant horticulture and as battery separator.    ADVANTAGE -   The polyolefin type non-woven fabric has hydrophilicity and excels in light weight, softness, weather resistance and strength.
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises sheet-like positive and negative electrodes (1,2), with a separator (3) in-between. The sheet electrodes comprise a conductive base material coated with electrode active material and a binder. The binder contains a polyvinylidene fluoride group polymer and a cellulose group polymer.    USE -   None given.    ADVANTAGE -   The adhesive strength of electrode coating film and conductive base material is increased by the binder. Aggravation of electric contact between coating film and base material is suppressed during repeated charging and discharging. As a result, reduction of capacitance of battery during repeated charging and discharging is minimized. A high volume battery is offered.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional drawing of lithium secondary battery. (1) Positive electrode; ; (2) Negative electrode; ; (3) Separator; ; (4) Electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A battery consists of positive electrode (4) in which collector is made of lithium active material and binder, negative electrode (5) in which collector is made of active material and the binder, and non-aqueous electrolyte. At least one electrode (4 or 5) contains the binder such as vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene copolymer and vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoro ethylene copolymer.    USE -   For e.g. lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The non-aqueous electrolyte battery is provided with a high dependability which eliminates generation such as crack of an electrode and removal of an active material. The battery has excellent adhesive property, electrolyte-proof swelling property. The collector efficiency of the battery is improved. The outstanding characteristics of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as discharge capacity characteristics, charging and discharging cycle characteristics and heavy current characteristics are provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the principal part composition of cylindrical lithium secondary battery. (4) Positive electrode; (5) Negative electrode.
NOVELTY - Cells are serially connected via a through-hole within a lead storage battery which has chambers partitioned by a non-crystalline resin material. The through-hole (4) is formed with a punching system after heating the resin partition (1) above the glass transition temperature.    USE -   For lead storage batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The through-hole has excellent operativity, moisture permeability of the battery-jar and swelling of polypropylene ether is reduced during heat welding the battery-jar and the lid thereby improving the battery quality industrially.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the procedure of preparing a through-hole. (1) Partition; ; (2) Hot plate; ; (3) Punching jig; ; (4) Through-hole.
NOVELTY - A polymer matrix is impregnated with an electrolyte, to obtain an impregnation precursor. The amount of absorption of the electrolyte is 40-75 weight percent or more. After diffusion, the electrolyte is liquified.    USE -   Used for lithium cell, alkaline cell, lead battery, nickel hydrogen battery, capacitor and electrochemical sensor. Used as ionic migration media for electrochromic display element.    ADVANTAGE -   Workability of the electrolyte film is maintained. Ionic conductivity of the film is enhanced.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte contains cross-linked and non-crosslinked polyvinylidene or vinylidene fluoride group copolymer and inorganic filler.    USE -   For batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the electrolyte are improved. Safety is enhanced. The battery characteristics are excellent.
NOVELTY - An integrated photovoltaic composite panel comprises a core structure including an insulated corrugated sheet and an outer skin comprising a layer of amorphous or crystalline PV cells, with a channel being formed between the core structure and the outer skin to provide ventilation.    USE - To incorporate PV cells into steel clad roofs and facades to produce a composite multipurpose product that offers an outer building skin, passive ventilation and ducted heat for preheating air or water.    ADVANTAGE - It produces viable and consistent product in terms of effective ventilation and subsequent PV cell cooling efficiency. The ventilation and/or cooling channels carry excess heat upwards as the hot air rises in winter. The air can be recirculated into the building to reduce heating requirements. In summer heat may be released at the top of the cladding and, in conjunction with the insulating layer at the back of the cladding, this prevents a building overheating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is for a method of converting solar energy into electricity or passively heating and/or cooling a building, and a roof or wall of a building.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a panel.    Panel (1)    Outer skin (6)    Channel (10)
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises: electrodes having negative and positive electrode materials (2,5) and current collectors (3,6); a separator (7) between the electrodes; and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The electrode materials are provided with a pattern of holes. The holes are filled with polymeric material which sticks and presses the electrodes and the separator together.    USE - The battery is used in lightweight, portable cordless consumer products, e.g. compact disc (CD) players, mobile telephones, laptop computers and video cameras.    ADVANTAGE - The battery provides a flexible and thin lithium secondary battery which ensures good contact between the electrodes and the electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a lithium secondary battery. The method includes:    (a) applying negative and positive electrode materials (2, 5) onto negative and positive current collector (3, 6) to form the negative and positive electrodes (1, 4);    (b) arranging a separator (7) between the two electrodes;    (c) making a pattern of holes (8, 9, 10) through the negative and positive electrodes, and in the separator;    (d) aligning the pattern of holes in the stack to form overlapping holes;    (e) providing a polymer film having a pattern of piles (12) on at least one of its surfaces;    (f) placing the stack on the polymer film; and    (g) subjecting the stack and the polymer film to heat and pressure to flatten out the projected piles in order to form a laminate structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery during manufacture.    Negative electrode (1)    Negative electrode material (2)    Current collectors (3, 6)    Positive electrode (4)    Positive electrode material (5)    Separator (7)    Holes (8, 9, 10)    Piles (12)
NOVELTY - A device for storing energy has phase change material(s) disposed within the cell that is/are capable of undergoing a phase change above the melting point of water at 1 atm.    USE - The device is used for storing off-peak energy for heating or cooling radiant slabs, for snow melting, water heating, swimming pool or temperature controlled fish farms. It can also heat or cool a space such as room in a building, another device or machinery.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a high energy capacity, is highly efficient in energy transfer, and is capable of utilizing an environmentally friendly heat transfer fluid and/or phase change material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A device for storing energy comprises a container having inlet and outlet ports and wall(s); cell(s) placed within the container with its two lateral sides separated from the wall; and phase change material(s) disposed within the cell that are capable of undergoing a phase change above m.pt. of water at 1 atm.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for storing energy comprising (a) providing the above device, heat transfer fluid disposed in the container and capable of absorbing and dispelling heat, and a heat transfer device outside of the container; (b) allowing the fluid to flow through the heat transfer device to have a uniform temperature and to flow to the inlet port; and allowing the fluid to flow over the sides of the cell for the material to undergo a phase change.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a placement of phase change material in a device.    Walls (1)    Container (2)    Phase change material (3)
NOVELTY - Doped silicon elements are glued to a substrate and electrical interconnections are formed by screen printing electro-conductive paint and / or metal strips. The method is simple and effective and a wide variety of substrate materials can be used.    USE - Photovoltaic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The device can be fabricated by an inexpensive dependable and fully effective process on a wide variety of substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photovoltaic device comprising a number of elements of silicon doped with varying amounts of boron or phosphorus glued using methyl ethyl ketone to a substrate and electrically connected with electro-conductive paint and / or metal strips. The device includes two final electrical connectors formed by electro-conductive paint and / or metal strips, and is sealed from air and moisture with a coating of clear acrylic lacquer or other material. INDEPENDENT CLAIM - Also included is the method of making the claimed device by; (a) Forming in sequence on a substrate (i) an electrically conductive paint layer, (ii) platinum catalyst ink, (iii) electrolyte and reduced oxidized couple, (iv) titanium dioxide dye doped with ruthenium or gallium or other dye, (v) transparent electrical conductor of tin oxide or titanium dioxide. (b) Sealing the device with a layer of clear acrylic lacquer or other material.
NOVELTY - A roof side fixation (15b) and an upright piece (15a) on the upper surface of a solar battery module, form a snow coverage (15) made of transparent polycarbonate material.    USE -   For preventing sudden snow dropping on solar battery panel mounted on roof of residence, factory.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents sudden dropping of snow during snow coverage, thereby preventing damage to solar battery module. Prevents snow dropping on person walking under eaves. Prevents shadow of snow coverage falling on solar battery panel by using transparent material, thereby ensuring sunlight radiating on solar batteries suppresses the reduction of electricity generation. Resists shock by using polycarbonate material. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the perspective view of snow coverage installed on solar battery. (15) Snow coverage; (15a) Upright piece; (15b) Roof side fixation.
NOVELTY - A polymeric micro particle supporting an alkali metal salt, in which the diameter of the particle is between 0.001 and 1 micron, and an anionic group containing an element selected from XIII, XV and XVI groups is present on the surface of the particle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anionic group is represented by formula (1) - (4). Formula (1) -M1(R1)(R2)(R3) Formula (2) -M1(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4)(R5) Formula (3) -N-SO2R1 Formula (4) -L-SO3 M1 = boron or aluminum atom; M2 = phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony atom; L = alkylene group containing a halogen atom; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 = halogen atom, alkoxy, alkyl or aromatic group. The polymeric micro particle is produced by emulsion polymerization or micelle polymerization in the presence of a surfactant containing the above-mentioned anionic group.    USE -   The polymeric micro particles can provide a novel material having high ion conductivity which is preferably produced in the form of a sheet and useful as a solid electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The porous film made from vinylidene fluoride type resin, has thickness ranging from 50-100 m. Average diameter of the force in the film ranges from 0.1-3 m with porosity of 40-90%.    USE -   In solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The film with porosity and thickness as per present invention excels in humidification property and is of reduced size. The film prevents water droplets oozing to the gas side. The size reduction permits usage of solid film in fuel batteries.
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises a conductive support, a layer containing semiconductor fine particles having adsorbed dye, a hole transporting layer, and a counter electrode. The hole transporting layer contains an aromatic amine compound having at least two monovalent reactive groups having one bonding hand.    USE -   For solar cells in place of conventional silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE -   The new photovoltaic element has an extended operating life.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The drawing shows the cross-sectional view of a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell. (1) conductive glass; (2) conductive layer; (3) TiO2 electrode; (4) dye layer; (5) hole transporting layer; (6) counter electrode.
NOVELTY - The cylinder shaped or bag like porous polymeric electrolyte film (10) is moistened by non-aqueous electrolyte. At least one side of anode or cathode (11) contains porous polymeric electrolyte film.    USE -   For non-aqueous electrolyte battery e.g. lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since at least one side of positive or negative electrode contains bag like electrolyte film, wrinkles are not generated in film which results in uniform current distribution and excellent discharge characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows diagram of porous polymeric electrolyte film and electrode. (10) Porous polymeric electrolyte film; (11) Cathode.
NOVELTY - The lithium ion polymer type electrode film which is continuously conveyed using strength of carrier material (1) is bonded over carrier material. A standard hole is made in electrode film based on which positioning of battery assembly is performed.    USE -   For manufacturing assembly of lithium ion polymer type secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the electrode film is conveyed continuously, it can be bonded to carrier materials continuously which increases production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of manufacturing method. (1) Carrier material.
NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte (3) has composite polymer mixed with 5-50 weight percent of permeability polymer chosen out of polydimethyl silaxone, poly(4-methyl pentene-1) and/or poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide).    USE -   For secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The polyelectrolyte secondary battery excels in discharge cycle characteristics and has high discharge capacitance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of polyelectrolyte secondary battery. (3) Polyelectrolyte.
NOVELTY - The end pin (25) of hold pin (20) is inserted into hold pin inserting entrance hole (11) and retaining inserting entrance hole (12) to join with retainer (10) which holds a cell (13) projecting from exterior of separator (2B). The projecting portion fits into pin end insertion hole (26) of hold pin of adjoining cell, thus laminating the cells.    USE -   In solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since hold pin is used for laminating, lamination of many cells can be performed quickly and reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of cell composition of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery. (2B) Separator; (10) Retainer; (11) Hold pin inserting entrance hole; (12) Retaining inserting entrance hole; (13) Cell; (20) Hold pin; (25) End pin; (26) Pin end insertion hole.
NOVELTY - The sealant consists of the liquid-like vulcanized per-fluoro vulcanized rubber having viscosity below 105 poise at room temperature and has poly tetra fluoro ethylene fine powder added to it.    USE -   For laminated fuel battery sealant.    ADVANTAGE -   Usage of vulcanized rubber for the seal martensite more reliable and thin seals can be made. The seal can be applied at low pressure even on uneven contact surface.
NOVELTY - The structure includes a gas-permeable board (21) incorporating a cooling pipe (22). Gas-impermeable boards (24) are affixed to upper and lower surface of the gas-permeable board. A fluororesin film (25) is then fixed along the end faces of gas-permeable board such that it extends to junction part of gas-permeable and gas-impermeable boards. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of cooling structure.    USE -   In fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   As the fluororesin film is extended to junction parts of gas-permeable and gas-impermeable boards, penetration of gas seal and an electrolyte even after prolonged use is prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows expanded sectional diagram of portion of cooling structure. (21) Gas-permeable board; (22) Cooling pipe; (24) Gas-impermeable board; (25) Fluororesin film.
NOVELTY - A water soluble, alkaline, non-ionic cellulose ether derivative film is formed on portion or whole surface of the cathode. The cellulose derivatives are chosen from methyl cellulose, hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose and hydroxy-propyl cellulose.    USE -   For alkaline battery e.g. nickel hydrogen storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The raise in internal pressure of the air-tight battery is remarkably suppressed. Therefore, the battery is safe and has good capacitance.
NOVELTY - A lead electric pole (2) of the resin winding terminal (1) is surrounded in air-tight manner, by a resin (3). The resin winding terminal which is connected to an anode strap (4), is supported by a cathode strap (5) or a battery jar of heteropolar property.    USE -   In lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   While welding the resin winding terminal to lid, volumetric efficiency of battery is not reduced and position gap and transformation of resin winding terminal is eliminated. Thus lead storage battery with excellent air resistance is obtained reliably. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of resin winding terminal arrangement. (2) Lead electric pole; (3) Resin; (4) Anode strap; (5) Cathode strap.
NOVELTY - A gasket (6) is present to insulate casing (serving as positive terminal) and sealing board (serving as negative terminal). Sealing agent (7) (comprising a high molecular compound having a chemically bonded metal and containing hydrophobic part) is interposed between the positive casing and the gasket. The electricity generating component is made air-tight.    USE -   As non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The leak-proof characteristics of the battery is improved by using the gasket and sealing agent. The battery is reliable and can withstand intense thermal environments.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of the coin-type non-aqueous electrolyte battery. (1) Sealing board; ; (2) Negative electrode; ; (3) Separator; ; (4) Positive electrode; ; (5) Casing; ; (6) Gasket; ; (7) Sealing agent.
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte is obtained by mixing a compound containing phosphorus and high molecular compound containing polar and hydrocarbon groups.    USE -   Used as an electrolyte film in fuel batteries for electrolysis of water, brine and halogen acids, an oxygen enricher, humidity sensor and gas sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid polymer electrolyte has high durability and oxidation resistance. The electrolyte can be manufactured economically.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte which consists of high molecular compound with a hydrocarbon part is provided to which a functional group containing phosphorus is introduced.    USE -   For fuel batteries used as power source for motor vehicles and for electrolysis of water, halide acid electrolysis, brine electrolysis, oxygen enricher, humidity sensor, gas sensor.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has excellent oxidation resistance. Highly durable solid polymer electrolyte can be manufactured inexpensively.
NOVELTY - A seal type lead storage battery (1) has battery jar thin portion (5) tracked and extended on plate elongation portion. The battery jar (2) consists of a resin having yield point extension percentage of more than 20%.    USE -   For seal type lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Generation of plate deflection and crease of ear portion of the board caused by elongation of plate, are prevented and hence life of the battery is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross section block diagram of seal type lead storage battery. (1) Lead storage battery; (2) Battery jar; (5) Battery jar thin portion.
NOVELTY - The tubes (9) (containing plastic) are welded to the cover layer. The cover layer has recesses.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The solar collector is simple to make, and can be made on site, reducing delay and transport problems.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar collector comprises a cover layer and a system of tubes (9) supported by a stiff carrier layer. The cover layer comprising weather resistant plastic roof covering foil is directed towards the incident solar radiation. The tubes are thermally coupled to the cover layer (7). Heat transfer medium, preferably liquid water flows through the tubes between feed and discharge connections. The plastic containing tubes are welded to the cover layer. The cover layer has recesses for the tube system.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of the solar collector, comprising:    (a) welding tubes (made from an elongated structure) to a cover layer;    (b) forming recesses in the carrier layer by modelling or other treatment; and    (c) placing the cover layer (a) on the carrier layer (b).    The cover layer is a weather resistant plastic roof covering foil.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the attachment of the components.    Tubes (9)    Upper surface (16)    Cover layer (7)
NOVELTY - The block comprises a cover (3) sealed to a head (1) by a pre-molded seal (5). The head has an array of holes (2) that seal to the ends of the tubes in the tube bundle. The cover has U-shaped channels that link the holes of the head to create a fluid path. The cover also has apertures (14) for adding or removing fluid and threaded vent holes (305).    USE - Batteries, e.g. battery for a fan coil.    ADVANTAGE - The heat exchanger terminal is of low weight and cost because it is molded or die cast from low-density materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a heat exchanger with a finned assembly, in which at least one end of the tube bundle is connected to a device for a terminal.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is an exploded perspective view of the heat exchanger terminal block.    Head (1)    Holes in head (2)    Cover (3)    Seal (5)    Apertures for adding or removing fluid (14)    Vent holes (305)
NOVELTY - A well-aligned arylalkyl-modified polyacetylene is formed on a carrier by first forming the monomer for polymerization on a carrier. It is formed in an adjustable and controlled layer thickness and then the polymerization carried out.    USE - As photovoltaic element, photodiode, photoconductor (claimed) and conductors in micro-electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - A well aligned arylalkyl-modified polyacetylene is formed on a carrier as compared to the process of the prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacturing an arylalkyl-modified polyacetylene by forming an arylalkyldiacetylene compound of formula X(N)-L-CC-CC-L-(N)X (I) on a carrier and polymerizing it to the polyacetylene    X(N) = nitrogen containing planar aromatic group;    (L) = linear aliphatic -(CH2)n- or -(CH2)p-Y-(CH2)q-;    n = +/-nuat least22; preferably +/-nuat least9, especially +/-nuat least6;    p+q = +/-pi+qat least22 preferably +/-pi or qat most9, especially +/-pi or qat most6;    Y = para-substituted aromatic group    AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for use of an arylalkyl-modified polyacetylene as electrically conducting polymer in photovoltaic element, photodiode or photoconductor.
NOVELTY - The plate has cathode material layer, with cathode material and binder, laminated on a cathode collector. The binder consists of a copolymer of an aromatic thermoplastic resin, having phenyl group and an amide group, or an aromatic thermoplastic resin and a synthetic rubber. The ratio of the binder to the cathode material in the laminated layer is within 1-20 wt%.    USE -   For non-aqueous electrolyte type secondary battery such as lithium ion battery used as power supply in portable electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE -   Increases adhesion strength by using binder with high heat resistance property. Enhances life of battery by preventing the melting of binder. Prevents capacitive restriction of battery during charging and discharging cycle. Reduces the amount of binder used by using binder with high adhesion power. Prevents bursting of battery and decomposition of binder at high voltage as binder has no fluorine compound. Disperses an anode material and a cathode material uniformly.
NOVELTY - A non-aqueous electrolyte comprises ionic salts and a multifunctional monomer containing unsaturated aliphatic reactive moieties, soluble in the solvents of the electrolyte. The monomer is rapidly polymerized by heating the electrolyte above 100 degreesC, thereby increasing viscosity and internal resistivity of the electrolyte.    USE - For electric current-producing cell such as electrolytic cells, primary batteries, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The non-aqueous electrolyte enables electric current producing cells having improved safety and high energy density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) Electric current-producing cell which comprises cathode, anode and a non-aqueous electrolyte interposed between the electrodes.    (2) Formation of electric current-producing cell.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte comprising a polyether polymer and an organic redox shuttle additive to protect cell against overcharging.    USE - Solid polymer electrolytes are provided for use in rechargeable electrochemical storage cells.    ADVANTAGE - The additive provides overcharge protection to the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte rechargeable electrochemical cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a solid polymer electrolyte comprising a polyether polymer, and an organic redox shuttle additive selected from an alkali metal salt of 1,2,4-triazole, an alkali metal salt of imidazole, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, 1,3,5-tricyanobenzene and a dialkyl metal salt of 3-4-dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione, to protect the cell against overcharging.
NOVELTY - A ceramic material, preferably alpha-LiAlO2, is mixed with an organic solvent and subjected to high energy attrition milling to perform deflocculation. The deflocculated ceramic material in the mixture is formed into a matrix.    USE - For carbonate fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Hydration retardation is attained by controlling deflocculation time. Agglomeration of ceramic particle is prevented, thereby enhancing deflocculation. The slurry surface tension and stability of bubbles are reduced, thereby preventing tape separation during casting.
NOVELTY - A polyether compound containing magnesium salt, with an acryloyl structure and a terminal (poly) alkylene oxide is polymerized and hardened to obtain a solid electrolyte.    USE -   For solid electrolyte cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte has excellent bondability with an electrode and has a large moving charge number. When used in batteries, high energy density is realized.
NOVELTY - The heat regenerative type secondary battery consists of conductive polymer and iodine as active material.    USE -   For heat regenerative type secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The low level of waste heat energy can be recovered as electrical energy. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of battery.
NOVELTY - Phosphoric acid type fuel battery contains porous carbon base material and separator made of carbon that is non- permeable to blasting fumes and are integrally coupled using sheet of fluorine resin and porous carbon. Porous carbon base material (5) is equipped with gas conduction path (6).    USE -   For generating electrical energy through electrochemical reaction.    ADVANTAGE -   Can be run with stability over a long period of time. Has water repellent property and separator prevents acid corrosion. Heatproof activity is efficient. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the phosphoric acid type fuel battery. (5) Base material; (6) Gas conduction path.
NOVELTY - A valve-operated lead-acid battery comprising a negative active material that incorporates an oil    USE - In batteries used as backup power sources for the optoelectronic converters, which are used in fiber optic cables.    ADVANTAGE - During float charging at high temperatures (e.g. 60-70 degrees C), the increase in battery temperature does not cause a significant increase in current.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A valve-operated lead-acid battery produced by a container method, comprising preparing a battery from unformed positive and negative plates, adding a predetermined amount of sulfuric acid and applying a current so that the group of plates is formed in a battery case. The battery is characterized by the negative active material containing an oil.
NOVELTY - A novel electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    USE - The electrolyte is used in a photoelectric conversion device which is used in a photo-electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - The photo-electrochemical cell has excellent photoelectric characteristics and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte contains as a solvent at least one compound or formula (I) and a compound of formula (II):    R1 and R2 = alkyl group, alkenyl group or an aryl group;    R3 = cyano group, alkylcarbonyl group, acyloxy group, carbonamido group, phosphoric acid group, phosphono group, phosphino group, phosphoryl group, carbamoyl group, urethane group, urea group, carbonate group, sulfonamido group, sulfamoyl group, sulfoxide group, sulfone group, a sulfonyl group, a nitro group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group or a hydroxyl group;    E = a single bond, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an arylene group;    a, b and c = 0 or 1    R4 = heterocyclic group or an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having a heterocyclic group;    D = -O-, -OC(O)- or -OC(O)O-.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a photoelectric conversion device which comprises a semiconductor, an electrically conductive substrate, a counter electrode and the above electrolyte; and (b) a photo-electrochemical cell comprising the photoelectric conversion device in (a).
NOVELTY - An entirely leak-free capacitor utilizing an ion conductive solid polymer electrolyte is new.    USE - The ion conductive polymer electrolyte is useful for electrical double layer capacitors and lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - A capacitor utilizing the electrolyte is leak-free, the electrolyte has excellent low temperature characteristics, shows minimal degradation on storage at high temperatures, and is still reliable after long term storage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion conductive solid polymer electrolyte (I) comprises a polymer having an ether-type oxygen in its structure, an ammonium salt, and a plasticizer selected from: monoethylene glycol, gamma-butyrolactone propylene carbonate, and ethylene carbonate. The polymer has the formula (VI):    where:    k1, k2, k3, m2, m3, n1, n2, and n3 = positive integers;    (k1+m1) x n1, (k2+m2) x n2, (k3+m3) x n3 = 2 - 50.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for: An electrical double layer capacitor comprising a pair of electrodes, an electrolytic layer, and a current collector. The electrode pair is made of activated carbon and (I), which comprises a polymer, an ammonium salt and a plasticizer selected as above. The electrodes of the electrode pair are opposite each other with the electrolytic layer sandwiched between them. This layer comprises (I), which has as charge carrier an ion of the same kind as the moving ion in (I).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of an electrical double layer capacitor.    Electrode layer (11)    Electrode layer (12)    Electrolytic layer (13)    Current collectors (14, 15)    Container (100)    Terminals (101, 102)    Sealing material (103)
NOVELTY - The poured concrete structure, as a solid radiating wall, is in a single shell with a number of layers containing an embedded capillary tube mat. The concrete contains additives of foam concrete, foam glass and/or wood chips. The capillary tubes have a dia. of 2-6 mm at intervals of 10-100 mm. The capillary tube mat is heated directly by a mixer through the thermo-collectors, and cooled through the soil heat.    USE - The solid wall, of a poured and porous concrete, is a radiating wall with thermal insulation properties.    ADVANTAGE - The wall structure gives heating and cooling actions, and can be used for building structures, weather protection, thermal insulation, space heating and cooling. It can be heated by solar energy.
NOVELTY - A solar panel comprises a support core with a honeycomb structure having (a) a composite upper insulating/faceskin laminate supporting solar cells; and (b) an under-surface comprising a composite heat-absorbing/faceskin laminate of at least one heat-curable prepreg layer and an outer heat-dissipating layer comprising a resinous layer containing powdered carbon.    USE - In solar array panels or collectors used to provide electrical power for, e.g. output multiplexes, radio frequency switches and combiners, and similar power hardware in spacecraft or communications satellites.    ADVANTAGE - The solar panels are cooler-operating, and operate at a higher power efficiency and output due to their improved rear surface heat emissivity of up to 90%. The solar cell layer dissipates 12% more heat than an identical panel having a heat-emitting, smooth-surface base layer of epoxy resin containing no powdered carbon.
NOVELTY - A positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte or the like are filled in a filling bag. Lead wires from the positive electrode and the negative electrode are led to outside a non aqueous electrolytic battery. Insulation is applied to the lead wires. It insulating material has an acid trapping function.    USE -   The non aqueous electrolytic battery is used as a power supply for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The lead wires evolve no separation between the conductor and the insulating material, no corrosion on the surface of the conductor, no hydrofluoric acid, and no electrolyte leakage. The result exerts acid trapping.
NOVELTY - The valve is made of ethylene propylene rubber and ethylene propylene terpolymer raw material. The iodine value of EDPM raw material is 20 or less.    USE -   For pressure regulation in air tight container of lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Obtains suitable temperature-pressure characteristics, by adjusting cross linking density of EDPM.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross sectional char of pressure safety valve of lithium secondary battery.
NOVELTY - A lithium polymer battery comprises a positive electrode including a positive electrode active substance, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active substance and a high molecular solid electrolyte composed of a polyether copolymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium polymer battery comprises: (i) a positive electrode including a positive electrode active substance; (ii) a negative electrode including a negative electrode active substance; and (iii) a high molecular solid electrolyte composed of a polyether copolymer (or its crosslinked material or electrolyte salt) including: (A) 0.5-99 mol % of a repeat unit derived from a monomer of formula (I); (B) 99.5-1 mol % of a repeat unit derived from a monomer of a formula (II); and (C) 0-15 mol % of a repeat unit derived from a monomer having one epoxy gp and at least one reactable functional group and having a wt. average molecular wt of 103-107.    In (I), R1 and R2 = 1-12C alkyl group, 2-8C alkenyl group, 3-8C cycloalkyl group, 6-14C aryl group 7-12C aralkyl gp or tetrahydropyranyl gp; and m and n = 1-12.    USE -   As a lithium polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE -   A compact and light-weight battery of high charging and discharging capacity can be provided.
NOVELTY - The fuel pole catalyst layer consists of alloy metal catalysts (1,3) including platinum and ruthenium whose mean particle diameter differs. The mean particle diameter of one metal catalyst is 1.5 times or more than that of another metal catalyst.    USE -   For solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The dissolved platinum re-precipitates on the big catalyst particles such that the active surface of the small catalyst particles is protected. Consequently co-poisoning proof characteristics of the battery is maintained for long period of time. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the enlarged model of the metal catalyst. (1,3) Metal catalysts.
NOVELTY - The cation exchange membrane contains a fluorine group resin as base material made into a porous film with an electrical resistance of less than 0.2 cm2 in 1 mol/l sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The membrane has hydrogen gas permeability coefficient below 3.0x10-8 cm3(STP)cmxcm- 2xs-1xcm(Hg)-1 at 50 C.    USE -   Cation exchange membrane is used as diaphragm for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The membrane has low electrical resistance and low permeability of gases. Since fluorine group resin is used as the base material, it excels in dimensional stability or heat resisting property. By using the membrane, an increase in the contact resistance with the electrode accompanied by swelling contraction is restrained. Since there is no adhesive agent in the cation exchange membrane, gas diffusion electrode can be heat crimped satisfactorily.
NOVELTY - An electrode (21) is formed on the back side of crystal silicon substrate (20). Another permeable electrode (23) is formed on surface of substrate. The sides of silicon substrate are covered by insulating material (26). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: solar battery module; manufacturing method of crystal solar battery module    USE -   In single crystal or polycrystalline silicon group solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   As insulating material covers sides of silicon substrate, end face leak is prevented easily, thus realizing inexpensive crystal solar battery with excellent low illuminance characteristic. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of crystal solar battery. (20) Crystal silicon substrate; (21,23) Electrodes; (26) Insulating material.
NOVELTY - The module includes surface coating material (102), photovoltaic cell (103) and basic side covering material (104). The surface coating material comprises organic compound resin with predetermined hardness.    USE -   For power generation.    ADVANTAGE -   The solar battery module excels in mechanical strength and bending workability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic diagram of solar battery module. (102) Surface coating material; (103) Photovoltaic cell; (104) Covering material.
NOVELTY - A thermoplastic resin film contains a metal oxide (A) which is a metal oxide of aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium, zinc or tin. The metal oxide (A) is coated by another metallic oxide whose metal has a lower oxidation state than the metal in the metal oxide (A).    USE -   In solar battery components, agriculture and horticulture, as binders, adhesives, printed substrates (such as wall paper, packaging container) and adherends (such as plastic boards, fiber reinforced printing boards) for protecting of these goods from ultraviolet rays (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   The thermoplastic resin film has prolonged ultraviolet ray permeability and the visibility of the film does not deteriorate with time. The film is weather-resistant and does not change color due to light exposure.
NOVELTY - A gel composition (C), which comprises a reversible gelling agent, an irreversible gelling agent, an electrolyte salt and a solvent for the salt.    USE - In lithium secondary batteries    ADVANTAGE - The reversible gelation allows improved contact to be made by the sol with electrodes. This contact is retained as the sol is converted to a solid by the irreversible gelling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) a process for the preparation of a gel composition, which comprises (a) heating mixture (C) to a first temperature region at which the reversible gelling agent functions, to convert the gel mixture into the corresponding sol, and molding the sol into a desired shape; and (b) heating the sol to a second temperature region at which the irreversible gelling agent functions, to irreversibly gel the sol;    (ii) a solid electrolyte laminate, which comprises a solid electrolyte thin-film having a layer of a gel electrolyte composition (C) laminated on at least one surface of the laminate; and    (iii) an electrochemical element comprising a gel electrolyte composition (C).
NOVELTY - Purification of electrolyte solutions for lithium (Li) cells comprises adding an adsorbent, consisting of a base fixed to a carrier, for chemical adsorption of protic impurities and separating the adsorbent.    USE - The electrolyte is used in secondary and primary Li batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Electrolytes prepared from very pure individual components normally contain protic impurities, e.g. water, alcohols and peroxides. The conductive salts are very sensitive to such impurities and decompose to e.g. hydrogen fluoride (HF), Li fluoride, phosphoryl fluoride, other phosphorus oxyfluorides and various oxyfluorophosphoric acids, which they attack the cathode and anode and greatly shorten the battery life. Conventional methods of reducing the water content are not effective enough, whilst addition of anhydrous halides and distillation to remove the hydrogen halide does not give optimum results. If HF is neutralized with a base, e.g. tributyl amine, the reaction product remains in the electrolyte and reduces the cycle efficiency. The present method is simple, quick and effective and can reduce the water and HF content to less than 30 ppm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrolyte solution, suitable for Li cells, which has been purified by the above method.
NOVELTY - A heat-sensitive adhesive label is obtained by forming a heat-sensitive resin layer on a label substrate after corona discharge treatment on the resin layer.    USE - The adhesive label is particularly for or columnar or cylindrical dry cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Such label as an external label is capable of maintaining a sufficient adhesive force on a metal surface by coiling round the periphery even when heated at low temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A heat-sensitive adhesive label is obtained by forming a heat-sensitive resin layer on a label substrate after corona discharge treatment on the resin layer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) a process for attaching a label by subjecting the heat-sensitive resin layer to corona discharge and heating to activate the layer then attaching the resin layer to the object for labeling; and    (ii) another process for attaching the label comprising the supply of a heat-sensitive label obtained by forming the heat-sensitive layer on a shrinkable label substrate; corona discharge treatment on the heat-adhesive resin layer prior to heating to effect activation; attaching the activated layer to the metal surface of a dry cell body by rolling round its periphery to a full circle until both ends overlap and heating to shrink the label so that ends of the cell body are exposed with the label tightly fixed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional structure of a heat-sensitive adhesive label.    heat-sensitive adhesive label (1)    base film (11)    primer layer (12)    print layer (13)    metal vapor deposition layer (14)    anchor coat layer (15)    heat-adhesive resin layer (16)
NOVELTY - A filler unit has float vessel with level sensing pipe in battery cell (14) to form pressure and vented chamber. An orifice (38) is formed in base of vessel at the head of pipe to pass liquid from vessel to cell along hydrophilic capillary passage defined by baffle plate (40A). The pressure equilibrium created in flowpath stops the liquid flow after liquid level in container is risen to desired level.    USE - For topping up battery cells, with electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Increases capillarity and wettability by the hydrophilic capillary passage of baffle plate, so that the flow rate is varied in different battery cells. Reduces filling time of battery cell by the arrangement of down pipe with orifice.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A float valve assembly (34) in float vessel maintains constant lead of liquid in the vessel. The baffle plate (40A) is subjected to surface treatment processes to increase the hydrophilic nature. The surface treatment process includes coating the surface of the baffle plate with hydrophilic substances such as calcium or magnesium salts from the group of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium magnesium carbonate or dolomite. The baffle plate is made of plastic material which is mixed with certain amount of granular filler. The granular filler is calcium or magnesium salt. The baffle plate is treated with an acid to dissolve the filler in its surface by which tiny pockets are created, thereby increasing hydrophilic nature and capillarity. The surface is then treated with suitable surfactants. The wetting is further increased by surface oxidization or corona discharge treatment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional side view of automatic liquid dispenser.    Battery cell; (14)    Float valve assembly; (34)    Orifice; (38)    Baffle plate (40A)
NOVELTY - The number average molecular weight of the polymer which is obtained by polymerizing tetrafluoro ethylene(TFE) and fluorinated comonomer is 1.0 * 107 - 1.0 * 108. The dispersion liquid is formed by dispersing TFE of particle diameter 0.01-0.20 m or a copolymer particle in an aqueous medium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of dispersion liquid containing TFE in which distribution polymerization of TFE and fluorinated comonomer is carried out in an aqueous medium.    USE -   For resin modifiers and binder in batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The particle diameter of the copolymer obtained is 0.01-0.20 m and has favorable number average molecular weight.
NOVELTY - The multilayered cover (1) includes a resin layer and a metal foil layer. The cover is sealed using adhesive resin. A linear slit is formed in the resin layer of the cover when the internal pressure of the battery raises.    USE -   For battery such as lithium cell used in portable electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE -   The internal gas is ejected efficiently through the slit when pressure builds up in the battery due to short circuit, consequently rupture of the battery is prevented. The strength and damp proof characteristics of the cover is not impaired.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the perspective view of the battery. (1) Multilayered cover.
NOVELTY - High polymer electrolyte fuel cell has high polymer electrolyte thin film and a pair of electrodes having catalyst reaction layer and gas diffusion layer. The high polymer electrolyte thin film is formed between the pair of electrodes. A part of the support which supports catalyst particles in the catalyst reaction layer is penetrated into internal part of high polymer electrolyte thin film.    USE - The fuel cell is used as portable electricity source, electricity source for electrically driven vehicles, domestic co-generation system etc.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell exhibits excellent performance due to an efficient electrode reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 I a cross-section showing the electrode-electrolyte contact structure.    Electrode (11)    Catalyst Layer (12)    Catalyst Particles (13)
NOVELTY - Catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell has platinum and ruthenium supported on a support. Platinum and ruthenium are supported in the mol ratio 2-4:8-6.    USE - The fuel cell can be used as power source for electrically driven vehicles and space ships.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows platinum and ruthenium metal particles to be carried out with no agglomeration and near each other. A platinum/ruthenium catalyst is produced which has excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning by carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the catalyst for high polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell by forming mixed solution by mixing catalyst where platinum is supported on carbon particle support and aqueous solution of ruthenium compound, adding and heating 5-15 vol. % alcohol, reducing ruthenium and supporting platinum and ruthenium on support.
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic element comprises a layered structure (25) of at least: (a) a first electrically conductive layer (23); (b) a layer of crystalline metal oxide semiconductor material (14) deposited on a metal foil (23); (c) a transparent second electrically conductive layer (18) over a transparent substrate (26); and (d) an electrolytic liquid (16) contained between (b) and (c).    USE - The solar cell is used in the field of consumer electronics, e.g. watches.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-section of a solar cell.    Semiconductor material (14)    Sensitization material (15)    Electrolytic liquid (16)    Second electrically conductive layer (18)    First electrically conductive layer (23)    Layered structure (25)    Transparent substrate (26)
NOVELTY - The antireflective layer is formed from an organic polyorthoaminophenol material which gives improved adhesion and reduced pinholing    USE - Fabrication of integrated circuits, solar cells, ceramic substrates, and flat panel displays.    ADVANTAGE - The organic ARC has improved adhesion and reduced delamination, and reduced number of pinholes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method of forming an ARC layer by:    (i) Forming a reflective layer on a substrate;    (ii) Forming an organic polymer ARC layer from a polyorthoaminophenol material.    INDEPENDENT CLAIM - Also claimed are patterned reflective layers and microelectronic devices formed using the method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a stage in the formation of an ARC    substrate (20)    reflective layer (22)    organic ARC (24)    photoresist (26)    photoexposure reticule (28)    radiation beam (30)
NOVELTY - A solid macromolecular fuel cell is formed by laying up an electrode connector on conductive separator having a supplying and discharging passage groove for supplying and discharging a fuel gas to and from the electrode layer of the electrode connector.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid macromolecular fuel cell is formed by laying up an electrode connector on conductive separator having a supplying and discharging passage groove for supplying and discharging a fuel gas to and from the electrode layer of the electrode connector. The electrode connector consists of the electrode layer having a hydrogen ion-conductive macromolecular electrolytic film and a catalytic reaction layer provided on both the surfaces of the macromolecular electrolytic film. The separator has a carbon material having an unsaturated bond. The groove has a water repellent layer chemically bonded to the unsaturated bond.    USE -   The solid macromolecular fuel cell is used in portable devices, electric cars, household power systems.    ADVANTAGE -   The solid macromolecular fuel cell has no clogging caused by water generated from the separator and no gas leakage. The gas is uniformly supplied to the electrode.
NOVELTY - The flow grooves (6a,6b) which supply heating or oxidizing agent gas to the electrode surfaces (2a,2b), is formed in the gas passage board (11a,11b) respectively. The ends of the board is sealed by seals (5a,5b). Metal flat plates (3a,3b) are provided above the flat surfaces of the boards which are on either surfaces of the electrode.    USE -   For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   As the metal flat plate is used, the usage of expensive separator is eliminated. Therefore the cost of the battery is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of unit cell. (2a,2b) Electrode surfaces; (3a,3b) Metal flat plates; (5a,5b) Seals; (6a,6b) Flow grooves; (11a,11b) Gas passage board.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte sheet (3) is placed on a glass plate (2). A long slender forcing head (4) of dimension 8 mm and 0.2 mm pushed against electrolyte sheet at a rate of 5 mm per second. The load applied is measured to test if load in compression breakpoint is 0.48 or more kgf.    USE -   In portable telephones, video camera etc.    ADVANTAGE -   A sheet-like battery of predetermined dimension is obtained using electrolyte sheet tested as per present invention such that a short circuit does not arise. Large quantities of batteries are produced with sufficient productivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the compression fracture test method. (2) Glass plate; (3) Solid polymer electrolyte sheet; (4) Forcing head.
NOVELTY - The anode includes a layer (4) compounded with polyaniline disulfonic acid (3) as binder and metallic oxide (2) as main active material, applied to carbon fiber paper (6) and is shaped. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for anode manufacturing method.    USE -   For lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   By using polyaniline disulfonic acid as binder, the electrode property is improved. Offers anode for lithium secondary batteries, whose reduction in energy density accompanied by mixture ratio is decreased. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of anode for lithium secondary batteries. (2) Metallic oxide; (3) Polyaniline disulfonic acid; (4) Layer; (6) Carbon fiber paper.
NOVELTY - An elastic sealing (12) is formed on the terminal portion of a solar battery main unit (11), by molding the terminal portion with melted raw material from an extrusion molding machine. The molding and installation of the elastic sealing is performed at identical time by extruding directly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The U-shaped recess of the elastic sealing unit has identical cross sectional length. The terminal portions of the battery main unit are simultaneously fitted into the metallic mold and cooled, so that elastic sealing is formed over the terminal portion. This process is carried out by a robot. A primer is applied to the terminal portion of the battery panel unit, before inserting into the metallic mold. The material of the elastic sealing is thermoplastic resin or rubber.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the attachment structure of the solar battery module, which includes a stand supporting battery main unit.    USE -   For solar power generating system installed in residential buildings.    ADVANTAGE -   Since thermoplastic resin and rubber are used as material of elastic sealing unit, manufacturing cost is reduced and efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the cross sectional view of extrusion of solar battery module in extruder. (11) Solar battery module main unit; (12) Elastic sealing unit.
NOVELTY - Sheet-like negative electrode and polymer electrolyte layer forms gel-like mixture layer on sheet-like positive electrode to form anode mixture layer on collector. Anode mixture layer contains polyvinylidene fluoride as gelatinizer. Electrolyte contains polycarbonate solvent. Gelling of anode mixture and negative electrode mixture is carried at 90- 120 C.    USE -   For manufacturing polymer lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The lithium ion secondary battery has favorable charging and discharging characteristics. Large fluctuation is not caused in the mixture layers during gelling.
NOVELTY - An electrode containing fluorine and electrical double layered capacitor are bound suitably. An acid modified polyolefin and conductive filler are also included. A coating film (2) is coated on metal collector main casing (1).    USE -   For sheet type electrochemical element such as polymeric battery, electrical double layered capacitor used for various electronic product, electric vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Adhesion opposing to section of metal collector main section and electrode can be improved, thereby improving dependability. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represent top view of collector structure. (1) Metal collector main casing; (2) Coating film.
NOVELTY - The alkali secondary battery contains nickel hydroxide powder in positive electrode (2). The conductive board contains aqueous solution of 90 wt% of nickel hydroxide powder and 0.1-5 wt% of copolymer of monomer with vinyl alcohol-ester in hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose binder.    USE -   Alkali secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The omission of powder, such as active material in the board is suppressed. The positive and negative electrodes of the battery has moderate softness. The battery has endurance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the partial notch perspective diagram of alkali secondary battery. (2) Positive electrode.
NOVELTY - A hardening film is interposed between the backing layer of plastic and the electrically conductive layer. The hardness of the conductive layer is set to 1 GPs or more.    USE -   For twisted nematic type, super twisted nematic type, ferro-electric type, metal insulator metal type liquid crystal display devices, touch panel, solar battery sensing element and other industrial applications.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents peeling of the conductive layer and generation of crack, as hardening film is interposed between backing layer of plastic and conductive layer. Offers light weight conductive board as compared with conventional glass substrates. Enables use in active matrix type, simple matrix type, twisted nematic type, ferro-electric liquid crystal type, metal insulator metal type and thin film transistor type display devices as peeling resistance and crack resistance is provided.
NOVELTY - The porosity of foam metal porous substance of the anode and/or cathode collectors (1, 2) is 85-98%. The aperture rate of the anode and/or cathode collector is 10-95%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The anode and cathode active materials are applied on surface of the respective collectors (1, 2). A separator is inserted in between the anode and cathode to form electrode group. The electrode group is accommodated inside the container and then pregel solution is injected into the container so that the pregel solution permeates between the anode and cathode. The gelling of pregel solution is carried out by heating and then polymerization hardening of the pregel solution is carried out.    USE -   For manufacturing gel-like solid polymer electrolyte battery such as lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves packing density of active material since metallic foil of predefined porosity and aperture rate is used for anode and/or cathode collector. Improves utilization factor of electrode active material by improving adhesion of collector with respective active materials and hence improves life cycle characteristics and productivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure depicts cross- sectional view of battery. (1, 2) Anode and cathode collectors.
NOVELTY - Catalyst includes 50-80 atomic% platinum.    USE - Used in the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas which is used as supply source of hydrogen for solid polymer fuel cells. The catalyst is used in electrically driven vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is a high performance oxidation catalyst for a gas produced by reforming, which can be used for selectively oxidising carbon monoxide which acts as a catalyst poison to convert it to carbon dioxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reformed gas oxidation gas catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas, has platinum alloy catalyst supported on zeolite support. The alloy contains a metal other than platinum in an amount of 20-50 atomic% on a support based on mordenite.
NOVELTY - Carbon fiber paper for use in solid polymer fuel cells which is in a state where carbon short fibers are bonded with polymeric material is characterized in that at least 95% of the short carbon fibers satisfy a specific relationship.    USE - The carbon fiber paper is used as current collector for solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - There is no danger of the fuel short-circuiting with a counter electrode. The cell is not destroyed even by pressurizing and exhibits a relatively low resistance. The cell is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least 95% of the short carbon fibers excepting those having lengths of (Y + 0.1) mm or below, satisfy the relationship W at least 5X, where X is the thickness (mm) of the paper, Y is the thickness (mm) under pressurizing at 2.9 MPa, and W is the length (mm) of each short fiber.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a unit for a solid polymer type fuel cell where collector layer and catalyst layer are arranged in layer form using the carbon fiber paper;    (B) a solid polymer-type fuel cell having the unit;    (C) a moving body which is driven by the solid polymer type fuel cell; and    (D) the manufacture of a collector body for solid polymer type fuel cell, including the process of heating and simultaneously compressing carbon fiber paper in perpendicular direction before forming catalyst layer on the collector layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 is a side view of the fuel cell.    Collector Body (1)    Catalyst Layer (2)    Polymer Electrolyte Film (3)    Separator (4)    Groove (5)
NOVELTY - A bipolar separator plate for two electrochemical cells connected in series comprises two layers of a porous electronically conductive material. A solid layer of polymeric material with a dispersion of at least 1 wt.% of conductive filler is between the porous layers. The plate has an area resistivity of less than 1 ohm-cm2 and the solid layer has a permeability of less than 50 microDarcy.    USE - The bipolar plates are used for two electrochemical cells connected in series.    ADVANTAGE - The novel bipolar plate has desirable permeability, resistivity and structural integrity characteristics suitable for electrochemical cells, especially for cells in which the reactants on either side of the plate are pressurized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical device having at least two electrochemical cells connected in series. Each cell has a gas or liquid material that is separated from another gas or liquid material in an adjacent cell by the novel bipolar separator plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - An illustration of a bipolar plate is shown.    Porous carbon paper (1)    Polymer layer containing a conductive filler (2)    Porous carbon paper (3)
NOVELTY - A composite layer (1) containing eutectoid of gold and a fluorine group high molecular compound is laminated above a foundation layer (3). The composite layer is heat-treated in the temperature range of 220-360 C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is covers the manufacturing method of electric contact point.    USE -   In connector, printed circuit board, slip ring, switch, battery of electronic device .    ADVANTAGE -   Improves water repellent quality as heat treatment is performed, thus improves mechanical strength of the composite layer. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of the composite layer structure. (1) Composite layer; (3) Foundation layer.
NOVELTY - An electrode contact piece containing a polymer with fluorine and sulfonic acid groups is dissolved in a solvent to recover solid polymeric fluid battery material. The insoluble matter containing conductive carrier with catalyst metal is separated. Catalyst metal and fluorine content polymer are recovered.    USE -   The recovered polymer is recycled and used as electrode catalyst coating material for gas diffusion electrodes and for ion exchange membranes used in fuel batteries. Ion exchange membranes are obtained by casting the fluorine content polymer solution into films. The film obtained is heat processed at 50-200 C to obtain the membrane (claimed).    ADVANTAGE -   Recovery of catalyst metal from spent fuel battery is effectively performed at low cost. Recycling of polymer is enabled which facilitates environmental safety.
NOVELTY - The air hole (6) has metal collector, catalyst layer (2) and water repellent film. A conductive paint which contains graphite and a synthetic rubber is applied to the metal collector.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the air battery.    USE -   For air battery for hearing-aid machine, pagers, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the metal collector has conductive paint containing graphite and synthetic rubber applied to it, the electric contact of metal collector with catalyst layer is increased and as a result internal resistance is reduced. The air battery has excellent heavy loading characteristics.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional view of air hole and air battery. (2) Catalyst layer; (6) Air hole.
NOVELTY - A water supply system (20) supplies water to the upper portion of the solid polymeric type fuel battery, and a waste water drain system (44) equipped at the lower portion collects the residual water and the water obtained by chemical reaction out of the fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Waste water is formed by electrochemical reaction between the hydrogen and atmospheric oxygen in the solid polymeric type fuel battery.    USE -   Residual water collection system in solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Water supplied for cooling the fuel battery is efficiently ejected out of the fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The diagram shows sectional view of solid polymeric fuel battery. (20) Water supply system; (44) Waste water drain system.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for protecting vehicle starter batteries from electrostatic charges has a plastic housing made of a film applied to the surface of the cell housing. The surface resistance of the film is less than 1 x 109 and is galvanically connected to the negative pole of the battery.    USE - For protecting vehicle starter batteries from electrostatic charges.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents breaking points in the battery housing and thus minimizes the risk of explosion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for assembling the apparatus comprising removing the self-adhesive conducting film for the storage roll and applying between the middle line (6) of folded halves of the contact (1), drawing the contact (1) over the minus pole of the starter battery, and then applying the film to the battery housing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a top view of the contact.    contact (1)    middle line (6)
NOVELTY - Total heat exchanger for transferring heat and moisture simultaneously from an exhausted gas to the fuel gas and the oxidising gas is built in on the inner sides of the end plates provided at the opposite ends of the fuel cell or between the insulating plate and the collector plate or the end plates.    USE - Used as high polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - After use cooling water is used as heat source of co-generation system and a fuel cell is provided with a compact internal total heat exchanger.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - High polymer electrolyte fuel cell is obtained by laminating a single cell, a collector plate, an insulation plate and end plates where the single cell has a high polymer electrolyte thin film, a cathode and an anode having catalyst reaction layers and sandwiching the electrolyte thin film, a separator having a means for supplying a fuel gas to the anode, and a separator having a means for supplying oxidation gas to the cathode. A total heat exchanger for transferring heat and moisture simultaneously from an exhausted gas to the fuel gas and the oxidising gas is built in on the inner sides of the end plates provided at the opposite ends of the fuel cell or between the insulating plate and the collector plate or the end plates.
NOVELTY - The sealed rechargeable battery employs plenum stabilization material (20) by introducing it into the battery case (1) in a liquid flowable state to fill space not occupied by the internal battery components within the battery case. The plenum stabilization substance is then allowed to solidify in situ to form block of plenum stabilization material within the case.    USE - The sealed rechargeable batteries are used in portable hand-held power tools and electric vehicles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The battery comprises a case, negative and positive electrode plates (6, 5) arranged in the case, separators interposed between the electrode plates, and a plenum stabilization material within the case to maintain the position of the electrode plates. The plenum stabilization material comprises a compound that is solid during normal operation of the battery and can undergo reversible physical change in state from solid to liquid when the battery is subjected to or is operated under abnormal conditions.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method of increasing the life cycle of a sealed rechargeable lead-acid battery; and    (b) a method of inhibiting shorts between internal conductors in the sealed rechargeable lead-acid battery.    Both methods comprise filling the entire free space within the internal compartment of the battery with plenum stabilization material (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the lead-acid battery with the plenum stabilization substance.    Battery case (1)    Positive electrode plates (5)    Negative electrode plates (6)    Plenum stabilization material (20)
NOVELTY - Method for producing a porous titanium oxide layer, comprises: (a) coating a solution containing titanium alkoxide, a solvent, a polyether having a number average molecular weight of 2000-20000, and a compound for inhibiting the hydrolysis of the titanium alkoxides, onto a substrate; and (b) calcining the coated solution at 450-600degreesC to provide the titanium oxide layer.    USE - The titanium oxide layers produced by the method of this invention are useful e.g., in making the electrode of the photochemical cell, as a photocatalyst, or as a coating material. In addition, ground titanium oxide (i.e., in powder form) may be useful in cosmetic applications and in tooth paste.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the porous titanium oxide layers to be formed on substrates at relatively low temperatures, and thus, tends to reduce thermal degradation and warpage of the substrate, as well as to other components (e.g., electrode elements) that may be present. Further, the titanium oxide layers produced from the method of this invention typically exhibit good weather resistance and durability, as well as non-toxicity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photochemical cell comprising a constitutional element having a porous titanium oxide layer.
NOVELTY - A new electrolyte solution for rechargeable (= secondary) lithium batteries contains specific vinylsulfone derivatives. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The specific vinylsulfone derivatives have formula (1). Formula (1) R = 1-12C alkyl group, 1-12C alkenyl group, 3-6C cycloalkyl group. A new rechargeable lithium battery is also claimed, which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution which contains the specific vinylsulfone derivatives.    USE -   For rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new electrolyte solution provides rechargeable lithium batteries with improved charge-discharge cycle performance, capacities, and storage performance.
NOVELTY - Water dispersion type adhesive comprising acryl copolymer as base material, is interposed between each battery construction elements and frames (1, 3, 5, 8) of redox battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for redox battery manufacturing method.    USE -   For electrolyte in redox battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Since acrylic containing water dispersion type adhesive is interposed between each construction element and frame, liquid seal property is improved remarkably. Weight of redox battery is reduced as an aluminium board is used as a collector board and hard vinyl chloride low foam is used in one of the construction elements. Coating film thickness of the adhesive in set to 0.01-0.5 mm, thus enabling miniaturization of the battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the components of the redox battery. (1, 3, 5, 8) Construction elements and frames.
NOVELTY - A dispersion medium and a thermosetting resin are added to yttria stabilized zirconia powder and nickel oxide powder. Mixing is carried out and the obtained slurry is heated to harden thermosetting resin. The solidified body is then dried.    USE -   For solid oxide type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Porous cermet of high open pore rate is obtained without restriction in gel casting.
NOVELTY - The anode (4) and a cathode (2) are placed on both sides of the separator (3). The electrodes contain non-crystalline carbon as electrically conductive adjuvant.    USE -   For secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   Since capacitive incidence is increased by smearing electrically conductive adjuvant, cycle property of the battery is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of secondary battery. (2) Cathode; (3) Separator; (4) Anode.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode includes a binding agent (A) selected from hydroxyalkylalkyl cellulose, alkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and a water soluble natural polysaccharide with a hydrogen absorbing alloy, and further includes a binding agent (B) as a denatured polyvinyl alcohol and a conductive base;    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode includes a binding agent (A) selected from hydroxyalkylalkyl cellulose, alkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and a water soluble natural polysaccharide with a hydrogen absorbing alloy, and further includes a binding agent (B) as a denatured polyvinyl alcohol having a repeated unit represented by a formula (1), and a conductive base; R = above 6C alkyl gp; x, y, z = mol ratios of the repeated units of (X), (Y), (Z), x = more than or equals 0.60 and less than 1, y is more than or equals 0 and less then 0.40, z is more than or equals 0.0001 and less than or equals 0.02, and (x + y + z)=1.    USE -   Effectively used in an electrode used as a negative pole of the alkali battery.
NOVELTY - A new solid polymer electrolyte comprises a specific polymer matrix which is made of a copolymer of (metha)acrylate monomers and fluoro monomers. Batteries have the new solid polymer electrolyte as one of its constituents.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - S - The fluoro monomers are fluoro olefin monomers, fluoro (metha)acrylate monomers, fluoro allylether, or fluoro itaconate monomers. The fluoro monomers have formula (1). (CF2X)-(CFX)m-(CHy)nOOCR=CH2 (1) X = H or F; m, n = 0-3; (m+n) = equal to or smaller than 3; y = 1 or 2; R = H or methyl gp; CHy is substituted with trifluoromethyl gps. when y = 1 The fluoro olefin monomers have a diene structure and the polymer matrix has a cross-linked structure. The (metha)acrylate monomers are the mixt. of mono-functional and poly-functional monomers. The (metha)acrylate monomers are modified with alkyleneoxide. The polymer electrolyte contains fluorine-contg. cyclo or chain carbonate.    USE -   For batteries, esp., rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The new electrolyte has a higher elasticity as well as a higher ionic conductivity, providing rechargeable batteries with improved charge-discharge efficiency, charge-discharge cycle life, and low temp. discharge performance.
NOVELTY - The solubility of a doping inorganic acid in methanol fuel during the operation of a fuel cell is reduced by substituting one of the acid's hydrogens with a functional group containing a phenyl group. An imidazole ring-containing polymer is doped with the substituted acid to form a solid polymer electrolyte.    USE - The polymer electrolyte is used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte overcomes the problems of seepage on compression and methanol barrier properties, typically associated with acid doped polymer electrolytes.
NOVELTY - A method of making a crosslinked polymer comprises crosslinking a polymer having either (a) pendent acid halide groups using a crosslinker which bonds to one or more acid halide groups, to form one or more groups of pKa less than 5; or (b) pendent amide groups using a crosslinker which bonds to one or more amide groups, to form one or more groups of pKa less than 5.    USE - For making crosslinked polymers suitable for use in ion-conductive membranes (ICM), e.g. membranes containing a polymeric electrolyte used as solid electrolytes in electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method can produce a crosslinked ICM having crosslinks which are stable to oxidation and hydrolysis without loss of the polymer's acidic functionality. The membranes, including commercially available membranes, may be crosslinked after casting. The crosslinked films are methanol insoluble and show reduced swelling in water (e.g. a 40% weight gain when soaked in water overnight). They have a high proton conductivity (e.g. 0.02-0.06 S/cm) at room temperature, which is close to the conductivity of an uncrosslinked membrane, and a higher mechanical strength than prior art membranes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a crosslinked polymer having crosslinks of formula (IV):    M+ = any cationic including H+.
NOVELTY - A lithium/lithium battery comprises a plurality of cells connected in series. Each cell comprises a lithium anode (10), an electrolyte (11) (that contains 1 wt. % of a non-polar additive selected from: cyanoethylated polysaccharides, cyanoethylated poly(vinyl alcohol) and their mixtures), a lithium cobalt oxide cathode (12) and a metallic current collector (13).    USE - As miniaturized power sources for laptop computers, telephones, and various other electronic equipment. Also may be used as power sources in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The sum of the electrolyte bulk ionic resistance and the interfacial charge transfer resistance is reduced, as opposed to decreasing one and not the other. Power losses in lithium batteries caused by interfacial charge transfer resistance are reduced. The invention allows lithium batteries to be made lighter, more compact and yet able to produce greater power than prior art batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - lithium metal anode (10)    electrolyte (11)    cathode (12)    current collector (13)
NOVELTY - An organic electrolyte battery has a nodular graphite with mean particle diameter of 6-35 m obtained by carbonization of graphite grain using carbonaceous mesophase grain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An anode mixture including 5-10 weight % of polymer serves as a collector for absorbing lithium oxide and organic electrolyte of an active material. A porous separator consists of a polymer for absorption of organic electrolyte. A cathode mixture including 7-16 wt% of polymer serves as a collector for absorbing graphite grain and organic electrolyte of organic material. The polymer in the cathode and anode mixtures consists of copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoride propylene. The active material in the cathode and anode mixtures is lithium coballate. The dimension of micro crystal of graphite grain is 3.365-3.39 when analyzed through diffraction of X-ray having wavelength of 200-650 . The absorption peak strength of plane I1580, I1360 are 1580 cm-1, 1360 cm-1 respectively when analyzed through an organ laser forming Raman spectrum. The ratio of absorption peak strength is in the range of 0.20-0.40.    USE -   For portable telephones, notebook computers.    ADVANTAGE -   A organic electrolyte battery with a large capacitive density is obtained by the polymer content and with the graphite nodules of specific mean particle diameter. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows discharge characteristic of organic electrolyte battery.
NOVELTY - The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    USE - Used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has good operational safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell comprises a housing having a first proton-conducting layer (1) covered on both sides by catalyst layers (5) with gas-permeable electrodes (2) on the catalyst layers, and electrically conducting plates (3) arranged on both sides of the layer (1). The electrodes (2) of a fuel cell are formed of electrically conducting polymeric fibers impregnated by flow channels running parallel to their surfaces.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the fuel cell.    proton-conducting layer (1)    electrodes (2)    electrically conducting plates (3)    catalyst layers (5)
NOVELTY - A transition metal based ceramic material comprises a dopant metal present as a free metal or as one or more oxide or nitride compounds. The dopant metal may comprise one or more transition metals, particularly group III and IV transition metal.    USE - The ceramic material is used for rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The material has a very good electrical conductivity. It has a very stable lattice structure and this structure is preserved through repeated charge and discharge cycles. It includes a dopant species which greatly enhances its beneficial properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transition metal based ceramic material has a general formula (I):    M = vanadium;    T = dopant metal;    x = greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1;    delta = 0 or less than or equal to 4;    alpha = less than or equal to 3-x;    beta = less than 0.1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (A) a rechargeable lithium battery having a cathode which includes a transition metal based ceramic material; and (B) a transition metal based ceramic material of the same formula but with different constituents in which    beta = less than 0.2
NOVELTY - A protective and antireflective coating made by chemically grafting organic monomers and prepolymers onto the surface of a glass substrate produces enhanced transmittance in excess of one percent and provides adhesion and abrasion resistance.    USE - The polymeric coating is applied onto glass substrates to provide antireflective properties, and resistance to abrasion, chemical attack and UV degradation.    ADVANTAGE - Glass substrate with the polymeric coating exhibits excellent adhesion, and reduced reflectance as close to zero, thus maximizing transmittance. The coated glass substrate is also provided with resistance to abrasion, water/chemical attack, and UV degradation.
NOVELTY - A strip-shaped film (18) of thermobonding polymeric material attached to battery terminals, is thermobonded to a multilayered polymer insulator (26). Small plates (20,22) of hard-high fusing point polymeric material are inserted between the film (18) and multilayered lamination material. A part of the plate is adhered to the terminal surface. Then the edge of the polymeric material is opened and sealed.    USE -   For flat lithium battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents short circuit of the battery terminal by careless contact with the protection metallic foil in the laminate material for outer cladding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional and explanatory drawing of the outer cladding collector of the lithium battery. (18) Strip-shaped film; (20,22) Small plates; (26) Inner insulator.
NOVELTY - The plates (301, 302) consisting of wave like spring material, are arranged between the separators (201, 202) and the electrodes (103,105). The clearance (401) formed between the separator (201) and the electrode (103) is used as fuel gas passing groove. The clearance (402) formed between the separator (202) and other electrode (105) is used as oxide gas passing groove.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrodes are formed on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film (101). The hot fuel gas is supplied to one side of electrode and oxide gas is supplied to other electrode.    USE -   For supply of fuel gas and oxide gas to solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE -   Simplifies pressure management of battery. Prevents damage of electrode by increasing pressure exerted between separator and electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of unit cell. (103,105) Electrodes; (201,202) Separators; (301,302) Plates; (401,402) Clearances.
NOVELTY - An anode (2) and a cathode (3) are arranged in electrolyte layer (4) of electricity generator (1). The weight per unit area of active layer in contact with electrolyte layer, is larger than that of active layer not in contact with electrolyte layer.    USE -   In polymer electrolyte secondary battery for electronic device.    ADVANTAGE -   Battery has stable characteristics at both sides.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional view of polymer electrolyte secondary battery. (1) Electricity generator; (2) Anode; (3) Cathode; (4) Electrolyte layer.
NOVELTY - A temporary fixing of an upper case (16), lower case (17) with a secondary battery is performed by ultrasonic welding through the protrusions (25) formed. The welded pack is kept until the adhesive (30) applied to the connection surface (21) hardens completely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The upper and lower cases are formed as polygons with at least four angles and the protrusions for welding are formed at two angles. The protrusions are formed in pyramid shapes.    USE -   For assembly of battery packs of secondary batteries used in portable electronic machines e.g portable telephone, notebook computer, camcorder, CD player etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The adhesive strength of the pack is excellent as the whole circumference of the pack is assembled with the adhesive in addition to ultrasonic welding. Since the ultrasonic welding is performed through the protrusions, special adjustment steps are not required. As the ultrasonic welding is used only for the temporary fixing less amount of energy is sufficient. By making the protrusions in pyramid shape the transfer efficiency of ultrasonic energy becomes high. The protrusions melt in short period without affecting the electronic components of the circuit board.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows sectional drawing of battery pack assembly method. (16,17) Top and bottom cases; (21) Connection surface; (25) Protrusion; (30) Adhesive.
NOVELTY - The gel-like electrolyte layer (4) is made of specific solvent and matrix polymer having electrolyte salt. In the gel-like electrolyte layer, non-conductive particle (8) is dispersed.    USE -   In lithium ion secondary battery used in portable electronic device such as camcorder, portable telephone, portable computer.    ADVANTAGE -   Since non-conductive particles are dispersed in gel-like electrolyte layer, mechanical strength of gel-like electrolyte is increased and also prevents contact of anode and cathode even when gel-like electrolyte layer is damaged thereby prevents generation of internal short circuit hence improves safe gel-like electrolyte battery. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing principal portion of battery. (4) Gel-like electrolyte layer; (8) Non-conductive particle.
NOVELTY - The method for activating polymer electrolyte type fuel cell comprising unit cell(s) configured by including proton conductive polymer electrolyte, an electrolyte layer having catalytic activity arranged on both surfaces of electrolyte and a gas supplying bath. The method involves enhancing the catalytic activity of electrode and/or giving a wetting condition to the electrolyte.    USE - For activating an electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides an easy and highly effective method for activating the fuel cell by preventing the deterioration in the cell performance due to CO poisoning or restoring the deteriorated cell performance. Reduces the delay in demonstrating the cell performance due to the water-repelling property of the electrolyte membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view showing a fuel cell system.
NOVELTY - Material with temperature-controlled radiation transmission, comprising core-shell fibers in which the core is enclosed in a transparent cladding layer.    USE - Woven or knitted fabric made from this material is used for reversible, temperature-dependent control of radiation transmission in buildings and technical equipment (especially solar energy systems), in the clothing industry and/or for decorative applications (claimed). Applications include thermotropic sun blinds in front of or behind windows, awnings, shutters, sun-protective clothing etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enclosing a core of known thermotropic polymer within a transparent shell strengthens the fibers and prevents them from sticking together. This enables the production of material with temperature-controlled light transparency in the form of fibers which can be made into woven or knitted fabric.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for woven or knitted fabric containing these core-shell fibers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Multi-component fibre die is shown.    Die plates; (1, 2, 3, 4)    Fixing screws; (5)    Outlets for fibers; (6)    Threaded connector; (7)    Recess in die plate (1); (8)    Holes in die plate (1); (9)    Holes in die plate (2); (10)    Inlet hole in die plate (4); (11)    Channel in die plate (4); (16)    Holes in die plates (4) and (3); (12, 13)    Three channels in die plate (2); (14)    X-shaped cavities in die plate (3). (15)
NOVELTY - A cathode material of a nickel-hydrogen battery includes a hydrogen-storage alloy and an adhesive, in which the adhesive contains acrylic acid or alpha-methyl acrylic acid (1%-5%), acrylic ester or alpha-methyl acrylic ester (80%-90%), self-crosslinking monomer (5%-15%) and divinylbenzene (1%-10%).    USE -   In batteries.    ADVANTAGES -   Raises the open-circuit voltage of nickel-hydrogen batteries by 0.1%-6%, raises the discharge potential of nickel-hydrogen batteries by 0.1%-3%, raises the volume of nickel-hydrogen batteries by 1%-5% and raises the circulation life of nickel-hydrogen batteries.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte is a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a good charge discharge cycling life span and volume energy density, low temperature load characteristics and productivity. The solid electrolyte has good adhesive strength and good electrical contact with the electrode active layers, and has tough mechanical properties and high solvent retention ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid electrolytic secondary battery comprises:    (a) a positive electrode;    (b) a solid electrolyte containing a matrix block copolymer (C) of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene; and    (c) a negative electrode.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte comprises a matrix fluoropolymer with Mw at least 550000.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has a long charge discharge cycling life span and good productivity. The solid electrolyte has good adhesive strength and good electrical contact with the electrode active layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid electrolytic secondary battery comprises:    (a) a positive electrode;    (b) a solid electrolyte containing a matrix fluoropolymer with Mw at least 550000; and    (c) a negative electrode.
NOVELTY - The composition consists of matrix particle (2) which contains any one element from the group of nickel, manganese, titanium, vanadium, niobium and iodine, and filler (3) which consists of polymeric material. The filler includes mineral salt containing mobile ions of lithium, copper or silver.    USE -   For solid electrolyte used for electrochemical elements.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents cracked gas generation during electrochemical reaction, thus danger such as explosion, inflammation and liquid spill of electrolyte are avoided, hence excels in stability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows enlarged view of solid electrolyte. (2) Matrix particle; (3) Filler.
NOVELTY - Organic electrolyte is injected and absorbed between laminated anode and cathode in battery container. After injecting organic electrolyte, battery container is heated and decompressed suitably.    USE -   For injecting organic electrolyte to lithium secondary battery used for portable telephone, notebook PC, etc..    ADVANTAGE -   Organic electrolyte can be sufficiently absorbed by polymer, hence improving discharge rate characteristic, favorably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure is a sectional view of laminated electrode.
NOVELTY - A collector lead (3) is welded to surface of porous metal substance (1). The backside of porous metal substance and collector lead are covered with an insulated film (5). The insulated film consists of an adhesive tape. The adhesive tape applies binder containing acrylic acid or silicon on polyolefin film.    In alkaline battery.    Prevents internal short circuit in small diameter battery, during mass production. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top and sectional views of plate. (1) Porous metal substance; (3) Collector lead; (5) Insulated film.
NOVELTY - A notch (15) is formed on a strap (14), corresponding to support (11b) of resin mold electric pole (11). The support is fitted into notch and welded with strap.    USE -   In lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids melting of resin during resistance welding. Welding quality is stabilized and favorable welding state can be obtained. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows connection between electric pole and strap. (11) Electric pole; (11b) Support; (14) Strap; (15) Notch.
NOVELTY - A film of fluorine group, silicon group or lauryl sulfonic acid, is formed on surface which touches packing of anode jar (1) or cathode jar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lead storage battery manufacturing method.    USE -   In non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Leakage of electrolyte and penetration of water are prevented. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross sectional view of non-aqueous electrolyte battery. (1) Anode jar.
A solid electrolyte comprises an imidazolium salt of formula (I) and a lithium salt contained in a matrix of a fluorine-based high-molecular cpd..    In (I), R1-R3 = alkyl or hydrogen; A- = (RSO2)3C-, (RSO2)2N-, RSO3-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6- or ClO4-; and R = 1-3C perfluoroalkyl gp.    Also claimed are: (A) a lithium sec. battery which has a high molecular solid electrolyte as above; (B) the prodn. of a lithium sec. battery which comprises: (a) producing a battery element assembly, having a solid electrolyte as above, and electrodes in the air; and (b) removing moisture; (C) an electrical double layer capacitor (condenser) which has a high-molecular solid electrolyte as above; and(D) the prodn. of an electrical double layer capacitor (condenser) which comprises: (a) producing the capacitor (condenser), consisting of a solid electrolyte as above, and electrodes in the air; and (b) removing moisture.    ADVANTAGE -   The high molecular solid electrolyte has improved reliability, high safety and good conductivity.
A solid electrolyte comprises an imidazolium salt of formula (I) and a lithium salt contained in a matrix of a fluorine-based high-molecular cpd.    In (I), R1-R3 = alkyl gp. or hydrogen; A- = (RSO2)3C-, (RSO2)2N-, RSO3-, BF4-, PF6-, AsF6- or ClO4-; and R = 1-3C perfluoroalkyl gp.    Also claimed are: (A) a lithium sec. battery which has a high molecular solid electrolyte as above; and (B) an electrical double layer capacitor (condenser) which has a high-molecular solid electrolyte as above    ADVANTAGE -   The use of a molten salt fluorine-based microporous film using the imidazolium salt yields an electrolytic material having the immobilized molten salt. The high molecular solid electrolyte has better reliability, high safety and good conductivity without modifying conventional processes for a gel electrolyte.
A macromolecular solid electrolyte consists of a solid random copolymer having a principal structure consisting of a structural unit with formula (1) and a structural unit with formula (2).    Formula (1-(1))-P    X1 and X2 = a copolymer of polysiloxane which is a substituent containing cyclic ether, and polyether, and an electrolytic salt compound having solubility relative to the copolymer.    Formula (2-(2))-P    USE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte is used in batteries for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte has superior finishing, mouldability, mechanical strengths, and flexibility. High ion conductivity is observed at low temps.
A macromolecular solid electrolyte consists of a solid random copolymer having a principal structure consisting of a structural unit with formula (1) and a structural unit with formula (2).    Formula (1-(1))-P    X1 and X2 = a copolymer of polysiloxane which is a substituent containing cyclic carbonate, and polyether, and an electrolytic salt compound having solubility relative to the copolymer.    Formula (2-(2))-P    USE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte is used in batteries for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE -   The macromolecular solid electrolyte has superior finishing, mouldability, mechanical strengths, and flexibility. High ion conductivity is observed at low temperatures.
NOVELTY - A paint fabric layer (3) and a deposition layer (4) which function as a high refractive index (RI) layer and low refractive index layer are formed sequentially on a transparent support layer (1). The RI of deposition layer is lesser than the RI of support layer which in turn is lesser than the RI of paint fabric layer.    USE -   For image display devices.    ADVANTAGE -   Optical function is excellent. Productivity is improved. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of multilayered anti-reflective coating. (1) Trans- parent support layer; (3) Paint fabric layer; (4) Deposition layer.
NOVELTY - The catalyst layer (8) of anode (2) and cathode (3), containing proton conductivity polymer and electrode catalyst particle is formed on both sides of the solid polymer film (1) via proton conductivity polymer layer (9) of different EW. Adjacent to each catalyst layer, gaseous diffusion layer (5) containing electrically conductive porous material and fluorine group polymer is provided.    USE -   In solid polymer electrolyte fuel batteries for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The elimination efficiency of water in cathode catalyst layer is raised with the help of proton conductivity polymer layer having high EW property which prevents water to reach or settle in cathode catalyst layer. Also the gaseous diffusion layer acts as water repellent layer and since being porous prevents water getting settled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the model diagram showing the cell structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery. (1) Solid polymer film; (2) Anode; (3) Cathode; (5) Gaseous diffusion layer; (8) Catalyst layer; (9) Proton conductivity polymer layer.
NOVELTY - The method involves dissolving a polyamide group elastomer at a high temperature in a N-methyl two pyrrolidone solvent to obtain a higher concentration than the solubility at room temperature. The solution is stirred and cooled at the rate of 50 C/hour.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The positive electrode and the negative electrode are formed from a coating solution for the electrodes and from the conductive base material containing the binder.    USE -   For non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery used in portable electronic machines such as portable video camera, portable personal computer, portable telephone, camera, head phone stereo and portable television, etc.    ADVANTAGE -   The binder is excellent in solvent resistance and has low elasticity. The binder has excellent flexibility and hence the electrode coated on the binder can be made to the required shape, with flexibility. The visual appearance of the binder solution is good because gels of fine particle are not formed in the solution as there is no generation of skin layer on the solution surface during manufacturing of the binder solution. Therefore, the viscosity of the solution does not carry out aging and hence the storage stability of the secondary battery is excellent. The binder has excellent adhesive property to the conductive base material. Since a high electric capacitance is maintained by the battery in the charging and discharging cycle of several hundred times, prolonged and repeated usage of the battery is enabled. Hence, the battery is used for portable electronic machines.
NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte consists of the composite of a polystyrene, a block copolymer of a polyethylene oxide and a lithium salt. The battery (BA) has a positive electrode (1), a negative electrode (2) containing carbon material which serves as a lithium ion occlusion material and a polymeric electrolyte film separator (3).    USE -   For lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery has a sufficient charging and discharging cycle characteristics and provides high energy. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of the lithium secondary battery. (1) Positive electrode; (2) Negative electrode; (3) Film separator; (BA) Battery.
NOVELTY - Pregel solution is permeated in the clearance anode (10) and cathode (11) inside an outer cladding body, with an electrolyte with lithium salt in between them and is then heated and polymerizable compound in the solution is hardened. Thus, gel-like solid polymer electrolyte film is formed between anode and cathode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - During formation of electrolyte film, the lithium salt is not hydrolyzed in the temperature below 100 C but however LiBF4is removed.    USE -   For battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   The battery using gel-like solid electrolyte, excels in discharge capacity and cycle characteristics. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional model view of solid polymer electrolyte film. (10) Anode; (11) Cathode.
Lithium salt represented by a general formula of LiXFn, where X is selected from phosphorus (P), boron (B), arsenic (As), and Sb, (n) is an integral of at least 1, is used as solute of electrolyte injected in a battery. An explosion proof valve is formed of metallic aluminum or an aluminum alloy and discharges gas in a battery to the outside of a battery when a pressure in a battery is increased to a value higher than a given value and is arranged on the outer wall of a battery. The explosion proof valve is covered with a resin layer having a melt point of up to 170C.    USE -   In the manufacture of lithium ion cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Leakage of electrolyte is prevented from occurring for a long period.
NOVELTY - The welding is carried out by preheating the ends of the heat exchanging tubes (104,104a,104b). The ends are then further heated to achieve partial melting. At the same time heat is applied to the header pipe (110), partially melting the flange. The heated heat exchanging tubes are then sealed to the header pipe. The solar heat is captured by the heating panel (102) with an array of heat exchanging tubes (104). The water running through the header pipe and the heat exchanging tubes is thus heated. The ends of the header pipe are covered with caps (112) for interconnection purposes.    USE - For welding solar panel boards and thermal heat exchanger tubing to header pipes e.g. used for heating swimming pools.    ADVANTAGE - The number of steps associated with the fabrication of thermal energy storage systems is reduced. The process steps are readily adapted to panel boards of different sizes. The overall production cost is reduced. Efficiently couples header pipes to heat exchange tubes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for a method for coupling tubes to a header, and a heat exchanging apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagrammatic representation of a solar heating system used for heating a swimming pool.    Heating panel (102)    Heat exchanging tubes (104,104a,104b)    Header pipe (110)    Caps (112)
NOVELTY - The composite electrolyte (22) comprises a porous inert first laminate layer (separator laminate) (12) of a polymer and an adherent, continuous porous second layer of a polymer (14) containing a lithium compound having dissociable lithium ions forming a composite porous structure. The composite structure is impregnated with an organic liquid containing a dissolved lithium salt.    USE - For rechargeable thin plate lithium batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A new composite electrolyte containing solid polymer layers in which the amount of dissociable lithium ions can be increased without increasing the thickness of the electrolyte, is obtained. The electrolyte has sufficient mechanical strength and integrity. The porous or microporous, inert separator laminate not only provides support for the solid polymer electrolyte layer but also carries a lithium ion containing solution in its pores and is wetted by the solution thereby increasing the number of lithium ions available for ionic conduction. The current the lithium battery can produce is substantially enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a rechargeable lithium battery containing the composite electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the schematic cross-sectional drawing of lithium battery having composite electrolyte.    Lithium battery (10)    Porous separator laminate (12)    Porous second layer polymer (14)    Organic lithium salt thin film (16,16')    Electrode layers (18,18')    Current collectors (20,20')    Composite electrolyte (22)
An ion-exchanging film(IEF) comprises an ion-exchanging resin, which is prepared by copolymerising three kinds of vinyl monomers of formula (1-1), chemically bonded with three kinds of low-molecular wt. type. R1 = film matrix type; R2 = ion-exchanging type; R3 = orienting type; X = 1-50; Y = 0.1-20; Z = 0.02-10; n = 10-1000.    - The IEF is used for a solid polymer type fuel battery, an electrochemical sensor and a flat panel.    ADVANTAGE -   The IEF has a stable larger ion-conductivity than the conventional perfluoro(alkyl)sulphonic acid film has and is low-cost.
A polysiloxane (PS), having a cyclic ether-contg. substituent on each silicon, is new.    USE -   The PS is suitable as a polymer for solid electrolytes of batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The PS has good ion conductivity at low temps. and good strength. It can be prepared easily.
NOVELTY - A p-layer (33) bears buffer layers (34,35), i- layer (36) and n-layer (37) arranged sequentially. The p-layer has amorphous silicon carbide with larger forbidden bandwidth than i-layer. The CH4ratio of buffer layers reduces gradually towards boundary surface of i-layer.    USE -   For amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Reduces defective level near p-i layer boundary surface and hence improves conversion efficiency of photoirradiation on surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of amorphous silicon solar battery. (33) p- layer; (34,35) Buffer layers; (36) i-layer; (37) n-layer.
An electrode conductivity assistant for a secondary battery consists of a compound of formula (I) and 2n monovalent counter anions:    R1 = a divalent ion-conductive organic group; R2 = a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, alicyclic hydrocarbon group, crosslinked cyclic hydrocarbon group, spiro-hydrocarbon group, aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a group consisting of their derivatives; R3 = a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, alicyclic hydrocarbon group, crosslinked cyclic hydrocarbon group, spiro-hydrocarbon group, or a group consisting of their derivatives; and n = 1-10,000.    USE -   The conductive assistant for the electrode is used in non-aqueous secondary batteries, particularly a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The conductive assistant has high ion conductivity, electron conductivity, and binding. The use of the conductive assistant for an electrode active material binder of the non-aqueous lithium secondary battery yields batteries exerting high capacity, high energy density and good cycling characteristics.
NOVELTY - A welding rib (6) projects perpendicular to the connection surface (4A) and its one side is made into stopper surface (8) and other side into gap surface (9). The rib (6) has inclined surface (10) so that its end width is narrowed. The connection surface (5A) has vertical groove (11) with stopper rib (3) projected on one side and welding rib (7) on other side.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The stopper rib (3) and welding rib (7) are arranged opposite to the stopper surface (8) and welding rib (6) respectively. The two connection surfaces (4A,5A) are joined together by ultrasonic welding. During welding, the welding rib (6) contacts welding rib (7) and stopper rib (3) contacts stopper surface (8) such that a joint gap is formed near gap surface (9). The welding rib (7) has a knurl eye (13). The vertical groove (11) is arranged opposite to the inclined surface (10).    USE -   The case is used for electrical and electronic machines such as battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Welding of the cases is carried out uniformly since the connection surfaces of the cases have specific shapes. The welding of the connection surfaces is carried out more reliably because of the unevenness.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the two connection surfaces of the case. (3) Stopper rib; ; (4A,5A) Connection surfaces; ; (6,7) Welding ribs; ; (8) Stopper surface; ; (9) Gap surface; ; (10) Inclined surface; ; (11) Vertical groove; ; (13) Knurl eye.
NOVELTY - High molecular compound for gel formation and electrolyte salt are immersed in non-aqueous solvent at a temperature below the room temperature and above the freezing point of solvent, used as slurry or the swelling state thing. The slurry is heated, high molecular compound is dissolved to form a solution and then gelling is carried by cooling.    USE -   The polymeric gel electrolyte is used as lithium cell and electrical double layer capacitor, which is used for electrical devices.    ADVANTAGE -   A uniform polymeric gel electrolyte is produced without deterioration and air bubble. The polymeric gel electrolyte has favorable handling property and high ion conductivity.
NOVELTY - The porous sheet for ion conductivity gel-like solid electrolyte formation has porosity of 20-80% in non-aqueous solvent soluble polymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gel-like solid electrolyte sheet. The non-aqueous solvent soluble polymer used as main component. Gelling of non- aqueous solution containing electrolyte salt is carried and then impregnation is carried on the porous sheet.    USE -   The porous sheet is used for gel-like solid electrolyte formation (claimed), which is used in solid lithium secondary battery. The secondary battery is used in electronic machine such as personal computer, portable telephone, mini component stereo and mini disk. It is also used as power supply for motor vehicles and electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE -   The porous sheet for gel-like solid electrolyte sheet formation provides favorable dynamic characteristic with easy handling property. The electrolyte obtained has high ion conductivity and does not leak.
A fire-resistant electrolyte soln. is obtained by dissolving an electrolyte salt in an organic solvent which contains at least one phosphorus cpd. of formula (I).    In (I), R1 = 2-15C alkylene or arylene gp. whose fluorine atoms can be replaced; and R2 = 1-10C alkyl gp. whose fluorine atoms can be replaced.    Also claimed is a rechargeable battery which uses an electrolyte soln. as above.    USE -   For rechargeable batteries with non-aqueous electrolyte soln. The batteries are used for notebook computers, video cameras or cellular phones.    ADVANTAGE -   The electrolyte soln. provides rechargeable batteries which have anti-flammable performance as well as higher battery performance.
This slurry for a lithium ion secondary battery contains a liquid material consisting of an active material formed of a carbonaceous material and/or a composite alloy oxide; a polymer having a gel content of at least 50%; water; and an oxygen-contained organic compound having a boiling point of 50-350C.    ADVANTAGE -   Integrity between a collector and an active material is good and repeated charge and discharge is practicable.
NOVELTY - A stack of polymeric membrane fuel cells has a water flow providing contemporaneously for the humidification of the membranes and the removal of the generated heat.    USE - For stationary power generation of various sizes (electrical power stations, and backup power generators), and for mobile applications (electric vehicle applications, generation of automotive energy or auxiliary energy for space, submarine and naval applications).    ADVANTAGE - The produced stack is more compact, less expensive, and easier to operate. It has high power density, fast start-up and quick achievement of the optimum operation conditions. It lacks moving parts, and corrosion phenomena and severe thermal cycles are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A stack of polymeric membrane fuel cells fed with gaseous reactants comprises a membrane separating an anodic compartment from a cathodic compartment. The cathodic compartment comprises bipolar plates, gaskets optionally provided with channels for feeding and discharging fluids, porous electrodes, catalytic layers interposed between the membranes and the electrodes, manifolds for feeding the flow of reactants, manifolds for the discharge of the unconverted portions of the reactants, of the inerts and of the produced water, and at least an injection point connecting a hydraulic circuit for injecting a water flow inside at least one compartment of the cells. The water flow provides contemporaneously for the humidification of the membranes and for the removal of the generated heat.
NOVELTY - Product (1) includes conducting parts (7,10,11) formed of highly conductive resin. The conducting part can be any of the following: a coil (2), a plate such as a separator of a fuel cell, an electric contact, and parts capable of generating heat when energized.    USE - Coil, fuel cell separator, electrical contact or part capable of generating heat when energized.
NOVELTY - Semiconductor photovoltaic energy conversion cell has a substrate lattice matched to GaAs; a GaAs base; an intrinsic region with a number of quantum wells; a GaAs emitter region; and electrical contacts to the base and emitter region. Each quantum well is of InGaAs.    USE - For light energy conversion.    ADVANTAGE - Lattice defects are avoided, increasing conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: a semiconductor photovoltaic energy conversion device which comprises:    (a) a number of conversion cells of p-i-n or n-i-p type, electrically connected in a tandem configuration;    (b) a lower sub cell having a base of GaAs, and an intrinsic region with quantum wells having a thickness which avoids lattice relaxation;    (c) an emitter of GaAs;    (d) an upper sub cell of GaInP; and    (e) electrical contacts to the base of the lower sub cell and the emitter region of the upper sub cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph of a short circuit electric current output versus the number of quantum well periods for GaAs and a GaAs (InGaAs) multi-quantum-well cell for the solar spectrum with photons below 1.85 eV.
NOVELTY - A fuel chamber and an oxidizing agent chamber are respectively formed at both sides of an electrolyte film (22). The electrodes are respectively formed to both sides of the electrolyte film. The electrolyte film has differing maximum moisture content on its surface.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains a stable battery property since ionic conductivity is secured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrolyte film production.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the process which makes two electrolyte films press against each other.    Electrolyte film (22)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte film (30) is provided with a non-electrode area (32) having surfaces that are respectively opposite to a fuel chamber (40) and an oxidizing agent chamber (50). The electrodes (22,24) are respectively provided inside the fuel chamber and the oxidizing agent chamber, and are respectively arranged on both side surfaces of the electrolyte film.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Enables stable operation of the solid polymeric type fuel battery. Prevents reduction of cell property and reduction of life span property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the solid polymeric type fuel battery.    Electrodes (22,24)    Electrolyte film (30)    Non-electrode area (32)    Fuel chamber (40)    Oxidizing agent chamber (50)
NOVELTY - Back side electrode (14) containing light reflection metal layer (141) below transparent electroconductive oxide layer (142), is provided along with photoelectric conversion unit (13) to front surface of transparent electrode (12) of substrate (11). The electroconductive oxide layer includes zinc oxide containing 1-10 wt% of yttrium along with aluminum and gallium.    USE - Silicon group thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Due to presence of zinc oxide and yttrium in transparent electroconductive oxide layer, light transmittance property is improved, thereby increasing quantity of light reaching light reflecting metal layer and improving conversion efficiency of battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photoelectric conversion unit (13) contains conductivity layers (131,133) with photoelectric conversion layer (132) between them. The photoelectric conversion layer consists of crystalline silicon group thin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic sectional view of silicon group thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Substrate (11)    Electrode (12)    Photoelectric conversion unit (13)    Back side electrode (14)    Conductivity layers (131,133)    Photoelectric conversion layer (132)    Light reflection metal layer (141)    Transparent electroconductivity oxide layer (142)
NOVELTY - A polycrystalline silicon film (2) is formed using a compound containing tin, germanium and lead as source of impurity. Lead of specific kind is added to the impurity added polycrystalline silicon film.    USE - For manufacture of thin film transistor. Also for semiconductor devices such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since tin, germanium and lead are added to polycrystalline silicon film, hole mobility is enhanced and high speed, high current density semiconductor device is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the polycrystalline silicon film formation procedure.    Polycrystalline silicon film (2)
NOVELTY - The support body material for a solid electrolyte film comprises perfluoro carbon polymer threads and has a surface water contact angle of 0-90 degrees C.    USE - As a support for solid electrolyte films used in solid polymeric type fuel batteries and for water electrolysis, salt electrolysis and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte film support body has desired hydrophilicity with a water contact angle on a support surface as 0-90 degrees (0 degrees-hydrophilic, 90 degrees-hydrophobic). A copolymer laminated film reinforces the support web giving it the required mechanical strength while reducing its resistance sharply.
NOVELTY - The catalyst consists of amorphous alloy of copper and elements selected from IIIA and IVa groups in periodic table. The catalyst consists of amorphous alloy of copper and elements selected from IIIA and IVa groups. The catalyst accelerates the formation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from methanol and water vapor.    USE - For water vapor modification reaction of methanol to hydrogen used in fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The amorphous alloy improves the catalytic ability and eliminates the need of catalyst support. The catalyst is processed into desired shapes such as wave and net. The surface area and the area of contact of the catalyst with the reactant is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the reformer of methanol which reforms methanol and water vapor using the catalyst and oxidizes and removes carbon monoxide from hydrogen and carbon dioxide formed.
NOVELTY - A noble metal or alloy is deposited on the surface of a portion that contacts another part developing a contact resistance, from which an oxide film has been removed.    USE - For electrically powered cars and small scale generating systems.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion efficiency is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a stainless steel separator for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, the separator including a corrugated plate structure, in the central portion (1), having a number of grooves and gas passage holes (4,5) in peripheral flat portions (7); and    (b) a laminated module for the fuel cell, which comprises: a stainless steel or titanium separator; a spacer having a cut-away portion; a solid polymer electrolyte membrane; and a stainless steel or titanium terminating plate having reaction gas feed/drain ports.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the separator.    central portion of separator (1)    gas passage holes (4,5)    peripheral flat portions (7)
NOVELTY - Rear side electrode (13) on substrate (11) has light reflective metal film (131). Si thin film photoelectric conversion unit (14) with conductive layer (141), photoelectric conversion layer (142) having crystalline Si thin film and reverse conductive layer (143) is provided on electrode. Ti orientation control film (12) provided between substrate and film (131), controls crystal orientation of film (131).    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of titanium orientation control film between substrate and light reflective metal film, improves optical reflection rate of light reflective metal film, thereby raising short circuit current density and conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the crystalline silicon thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Substrate (11)    Titanium orientation control film (12)    Rear side electrode (13)    Si thin film photoelectric conversion unit (14)    Light reflective metal film (131)    Conductive layers (141,143)    Photoelectric conversion layer (142)
NOVELTY - An impurity diffusion prevention layer (102) is formed on the back side of a p type silicon substrate (101) by plasma CVD technique. A pn junction (104) is formed using the impurity diffusion prevention layer as a mask. The layer (102) is removed forming a back side electrode (106) on the removed area.    USE - For materializing isolation of pn junction used in manufacture of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Before forming pn junction, the impurity diffusion prevention layer is formed by plasma CVD technique, thus removal of prevention layer is easily performed. Inexpensive solar battery is produced with high conversion efficiently. When forming impurity diffusion prevention layer by plasma CVD technique, characteristics such as conversion efficiency of solar battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process sectional view of solar battery.    p type silicon substrate (101)    Impurity diffusion prevention layer (102)    pn junction (104)    Back side electrode (106)
NOVELTY - The steel includes S of 0.005 wt% or less, P of 0.025 wt% or less, V of 0.2 wt% or less, Ni of 0.2 wt% or less and Cu of 0.2 wt% or less. The composition also includes Cr of 10.5-35wt%, Mo of 0.5-5wt% and rare earth elements of about 0-0.1 wt%. The composition satisfies the condition 12at mostCr+3xMoat most43.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery separators for vehicle mounted motor.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in electrical property and reduces cost of solid polymeric type fuel battery, as expensive gilding is not required.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the solid polymeric type fuel battery.
NOVELTY - An oxygen pole and a fuel electrode are formed on either surfaces of a polymer film. A pipe (L) is arranged, through which water is circulated for wetting the polymer film. An impure ion removal unit (P) removes impure ions contained in the circulating water.    USE - Fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Absence of impure ion reduces reduction in generation rate of electricity. Removing of impure ion is done by impure ion removal unit, simply. Manufacturing cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery.    Pipe (L)    Impure ion removal unit (P)
NOVELTY - The surface of polymer film with electrolyte layer having oxygen pole, is washed with liquid containing chelating agent. The polymer film is washed with water, after completion of chelating agent washing.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Recovers electricity generation property, efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing in cell direction of lamination of principal portion of cell stack.
NOVELTY - A humidification element has a porous material having a continuous blow hole. The blow hole rate and water droplet absorption time of porous material are 30-80% and less than 30 seconds, respectively. The sucking height of water of the porous material is more than 5 mm in one minute.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The humidification element has excellent rigidity. The manufacturing apparatus is compact since use of special vibrator is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) humidification apparatus; and (ii) manufacture of humidification element. A sintering material made of a resin, metal or ceramic particles having mean particle diameter of 5-2000 micron is manufactured leaving hole between particles.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte film (1) and a collector are formed on both sides of a catalyst electrode (2). A polyelectrolyte (9) having porous structure is formed on the catalyst electrode, so that catalyst (4) and network structure of electronic conductive microparticles are in electric contact with the catalyst electrode.    USE - Used for solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves high current property and offers stable and efficient battery output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for catalyst electrode layer manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the catalyst electrode layer.    Solid polymer electrolyte film (1)    Catalyst electrode (2)    Catalyst (4)    Polyelectrolyte (9)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte film consists of solid polymer film consisting of anion exchange film and cation exchange membrane.    USE - For bipolar film type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since humidifier is not needed, fuel battery size is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for bipolar film type fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the bipolar film type fuel battery.
NOVELTY - The proton of a strongly acidic cation exchange membrane is substituted by heavy metal. Several hollow portions (26) are formed by radiating an electron beam on the membrane. Finally, the heavy metal in the membrane, is substituted by proton.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Increases contact area with catalyst, without making the property of electrolyte film to reduce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model figure illustrating the manufacturing process of electrolyte film.    Hollow portion (26)
NOVELTY - A glassy carbon-graphite composite has Shore hardness of 40-70 and gas transmittance of less than 10x10-7 cm2/sec.    USE - Used as solid polymeric fuel battery separators.    ADVANTAGE - The composite excels in gas barrier property and workability.
NOVELTY - Ashes formed by fossil fuel combustion are baked, washed in water and trivalent vanadium compound obtained is reacted with an inorganic acid and trivalent Va salt formed is hydrated. The solution is filtered, insoluble solid is removed and vanadium pentaoxide is added to trivalent Va salt solution, reacted, filtered, insoluble solid is removed and tetravalent Va salt solution is recovered as electrolyte.    USE - As electrolyte for redox flow type batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reaction control is performed comparatively easily and a special electrolyzer is not required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ashes obtained during combustion of fossil fuel are baked at 300-400degreesC and washed in water. Trivalent vanadium compound obtained during washing is reacted with an inorganic acid and trivalent Va salt obtained is hydrated. The solution is filtered, insoluble product is removed and vanadium pentaoxide is added to trivalent Va salt aqueous solution, reacted, filtered. Insoluble solid is removed and tetravalent Va salt solution is recovered as an electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of vanadium group electrolyte involves baking dust collector ashes obtained by the combustion of fossil fuel, to form the product which is washed in water followed by solid-liquid separation to form trivalent vanadium compound and trivalent inorganic acid which are reacted to form trivalent vanadium salt. An aqueous solution of trivalent vanadium salt, is recovered by filtration.    USE - For manufacturing vanadium group electrolyte used for redox flow type batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Vanadium group electrolyte is obtained without using an electrolyzer and easy reaction control is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of vanadium group electrolyte involves the following steps: (i) dust collector ashes obtained by the combustion of fossil fuel, are baked to form the product which is washed in water followed by solid-liquid separation to form solid trivalent vanadium compound; (ii) the vanadium compound and trivalent inorganic acid obtained by above process, are reacted to form trivalent vanadium salt which is solubilized by hydration process; (iii) the obtained solution is filtered to remove an insoluble product so that aqueous solution of trivalent vanadium salt is recovered.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas and electrolyte with oxidizing agent gas are respectively supplied to an anode lateral electrode and a cathode lateral electrode, respectively. By thermolysis reaction, hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to form a carbon compound. Carbon compound isolator (18) is provided to isolate carbon compound and carbon compound is sent to a combustor as a fuel for heat sources.    USE - Used in vehicles for providing fuel using hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - By using carbon compound for heat generation, the fuel used as a heat source in combustor is reduced which enables to reduce the size of the whole battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of the vehicle mounted fuel battery system.    Carbon compound isolator (18)
NOVELTY - A solid polyelectrolyte film consists of a principal chain formed of a copolymer of a fluorocarbon-based vinyl monomer and a hydrocarbon-based vinyl monomer, and a hydrocarbon-based side chain having a sulfonic acid group.    USE - The solid polyelectrolyte film is used in the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polyelectrolyte film is prevented from oxidation caused by heat and has superior heat resistance and durability. The resulting fuel cell has superior durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrocarbon-based side chain contains at least one of an amine-based antioxidant and a phenol-based antioxidant.
NOVELTY - A solid state polymeric type fuel battery (1) has separators consisting of ferritic stainless steel interposed between unit batteries. Stainless steel comprises (in weight%) S (0.005% or less), P (0.025% or less), Va (0.2% or less), Ni (0.2% or less), Cu (0.2% or less), Cr (10.5-35%), Mo (0-6%), Si (0.3% or less), Mn (0.4% or less), C (0.018% or less), N (0.018% or less) and rare earth elements (0-0.1%).    USE - As small sized distributed power supplier for motor vehicles and domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Since expensive gilding is not needed, the manufacture of fuel battery is inexpensive and poisoning of each supported electrode in the fuel battery is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid state polymeric type fuel battery (1) consists of separators (5a,5b) interposed between unit batteries. The unit battery is a laminate of central solid polymeric electrolyte film (2), fuel electrode film (3) and oxidizing agent electrode film (4). The fuel gas and oxidizing gas are supplied to multilayered fuel battery so that the battery generates DC electric power. The total content of carbon and nitrogen in battery is 0.025% or less. The value of (Cr+3Mo) in separator is 10.5-43%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of the solid state polymeric type fuel battery.    Fuel battery (1)    Solid state electrolytic film (2)    Fuel electrode film (3)    Oxidizing agent electrode film (4)    Separators (5a,5b)
NOVELTY - The solid-state polymeric-type fuel battery (1) has separators (5a,5b) consisting of ferritic stainless steel with composition of Si of 0.01-0.6 wt.%, V of 0.2 wt.% or less, P of 0.025 wt.% less, Mn of 0.01-0.6 wt.%, C of 0.012 wt.% or less, S of 0.004 wt.% or less, N of 0.02 wt.% or less, Cu of 0.001-0.8 wt%, Ni of 0.2-6 wt.%, Cr of 10.5-35 wt.%, Al of 0.001-0.2 wt.% and Mo of 0-6 wt.%.    USE - As small sized distributed power supplier for motor vehicle and domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - Since expensive gilding is not needed, the manufacture of fuel battery is inexpensive. Poisoning of each supported electrode by the melting of metal ion in fuel battery is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid-state polymeric-type fuel battery consists of unit batteries interposed with separator. The unit battery consists of laminated central solid-polymeric electrolyte film (2), fuel electrode film (3) and oxidizing-agent electrode film (4). The fuel gas and oxidizing gas are supplied to multilayered fuel battery which generates DC electric power. The carbon, nitrogen, chromium and molybdenum content of the separator are such that the relations (1) and (2) are satisfied where (1) is C+Nat most0.03 wt.% and (2) is 10.5 wt.%at mostCr+3 Moat most43 wt.%. The niobium and titanium content of the separator are such that the relations (3) and (4) are satisfied where (3) is 6at mostNbdivideCat most25 wt.% and (4) is 6at mostTidivide(C+N)at most25 wt.%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of a solid-state polymeric-type fuel battery.    Fuel battery (1)    Solid-state electrolytic film (2)    Fuel electrode film (3)    Oxidizing agent electrode film (4)    Separators (5a,5b)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor electronic property comprises detection of incident IR radiation extinction from a transmission IR camera image.    USE - For determining dopant concentration, dopant distribution and/or charge carrier lifetime in a solar cell semiconductor such as silicon, germanium, CdTe, GaAs or copper indium diselenide and its variations with S and Ga.    ADVANTAGE - Permits highly efficient and rapid semiconductor electronic property characterization for effective production process monitoring.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Additionally or alternatively, the charge carrier lifetime is determined by exciting charge carriers with light of wavelength in the region of the bandgap of the semiconductor.
NOVELTY - A CIS (copper indium selenide) solar cell is produced by indium, copper and selenium electrodeposition onto a flexible metal strip (1) divided by insulation into cell regions and then heat treating.    USE - As a CIS thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Allows production of the requisite flexible CIS solar cell layer structure on special steel strip in an inexpensive, environment-friendly and highly energy efficient manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell has a CIS absorber layer (4) on a flexible metal strip (1) support and is produced by:    (a) subjecting a metal strip (1) surface to cleaning, roughening and local coating with insulating cell regions;    (b) electrochemically coating the bare surface regions with indium, selenium and copper and selenium in a stoichiometric weight ratio ensuring p-conduction;    (c) covering the layers with copper preferably by electrodeposition;    (d) heating section-wise in a furnace so the indium-selenium and copper-selenium layers recrystallize to a homogeneous CIS absorber layer and so that copper diffuses inwards from the top layer;    (e) selectively etching away the metallic copper and copper selenide; and    (f) applying a transparent conductive top layer (ITO window electrode) (6).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a solar strip cell as described above and having a width of 35 mm corresponding to the International Standard for flexible circuit boards; and    (ii) a lamp furnace for use in the above process.    Preferred Features: Ga may be used instead of or in addition to In and S may be used instead of or in addition to Se.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view and a plan view of a CIS solar cell.    special steel strip (1)    CIS absorber layer (4)    ITO top layer (6)
NOVELTY - A structure (2) comprises a crystalline textured silicon thin film (5) over a biaxially textured lattice-matched diffusion barrier buffer layer (4) on a thermal expansion-matched inert substrate (3).    USE - As a silicon structure of the type described in US4661276-A, used in solar cells or TFTs for flat LCD panels.    ADVANTAGE - Allows the use of an inexpensive substrate without affecting the requisite crystallinity and texture of the silicon layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the structure (2):    (a) the substrate (3) consists of a material which has a thermal expansion coefficient of not more than 3 times that of the silicon material, has a structure not affecting the buffer layer texture and is chemically and mechanically resistant to buffer layer and silicon layer deposition; and    (b) the buffer layer (4) has a biaxial texture with one crystal axis perpendicular to the substrate surface, forms a diffusion barrier between the silicon layer and the substrate and exhibits lattice structure and lattice constant matching with the silicon layer material.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the above structure. Preferred Features: The substrate consists of a glass or a preferably nickel -based metallic material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a structure.    structure (2)    substrate (3)    buffer layer (4)    silicon layer (5)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of laminated lithium-ion secondary cell where a binder is applied to a battery separator after winding and stacking the electrodes. Process comprises soaking previously wound or stacked electrochemical structures including positive and negative electrodes and a porous separator in a solution containing binder.    USE - Lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced weight and prevention of damage to separator during assembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture comprises having:    (1) a positive electrode;    (2) a negative electrode;    (3) a separator separating the two electrodes;    (4) contacting the electrochemical structure with a binder solution, the separator is coated by the binder solution;    (5) adding an electrolyte to the electrochemical structure;    (6) laminating;    (7) sealing the structure in flexible cell container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows steps of process.
NOVELTY - Porous material for fuel cell comprising an etch and anodisation processed silicon-based electrode.    USE - For use as micro fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improved etching procedure compared to prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of porous film comprises forming a film on the support substrate, etching pores in the film, etching the support substrate. The film preferably comprises at least one layer selected from at least one conductive and at least one dielectric layer. The conductive layer comprises e.g gold, aluminium, platinum or conductive organic material.
NOVELTY - Solar reflector comprises a flexible, reflective sheet(s) having inner and outer parts. Inner spring(s) couples the inner part to the panel and is arranged to urge the inner part towards the panel. Outer spring(s) couples the outer part to the panel and is arranged to urge the outer part away from the panel. Electrically conductive tether(s) is arranged to limit the rotation.    USE - Used in spacecraft solar arrays.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive solar reflector is simple, lightweight, and inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar reflector (60) comprises a flexible, reflective sheet(s) (62) having inner and outer parts. An inner spring(s) (68) couples the inner part to a solar panel (46), and is arranged to urge the inner part towards the panel. An outer spring(s) (70) couples the outer part to the panel and is arranged to urge the outer part away from the panel so that the inner and outer springs urge the reflective sheet towards a planar configuration. The outer spring is further arranged to urge the reflective sheet along a rotation away from the panel face.    An electrically conductive tether(s) (90) is arranged to limit the rotation so that the reflective sheet is restrained in a deployed position in which it defines an angle with the panel to reflect solar radiation onto the panel face.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a method of concentrating solar radiation upon a panel face of a solar panel, comprising    (i) urging a reflective sheet towards a planar configuration,    (ii) urging the reflective sheet along a rotation away from the panel face, and    (iii) limiting the rotation; and    (b) a spacecraft system comprising a spacecraft, a solar panel, and a reflector(s).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged view of a solar panel in a solar wing.    Solar panel (46)    Solar reflector (60)    Reflective sheet (62)    Inner spring (68)    Outer spring (70)    Tether (90)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic cell (2) supplies supplement water as fuel to a fuel cell (3) for generating DC power. A flowmeter (5) calculates the flow rate of hydrogen supplied to the cell based on which the output current from the battery is calculated. A calculation controller (6) controls a DC/DC convertor (4) to output current equal to the calculated value.    USE - For electrolysis using a DC current and fuel cell which is supplied with raw water from an electrolytic cell.    ADVANTAGE - As insufficiency of hydrogen to the fuel cell is prevented, degradation of the battery is prevented, thereby providing a reliable DC power supply over a long time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The controller (6) controls the DC/DC convertor (4) to output a current equal to the calculated value, based on the outputs of the flowmeter and detector. Alternatively, the output current can be controlled by the outputs of two detectors (7,8), one of which (8) is provided to detect direct current input to the electrolytic cell (2). The controller operates corresponding to the delay of the output current from the fuel cell which depends on the time delay in the supply of supplement water to the cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of the DC power supply for electrolysis.    Electrolytic cell (2)    Fuel cell (3)    DC/DC convertor (4)    Flow meter (5)    Calculation controller (6)    Detectors (7,8)
NOVELTY - The fluoropolymeric electrolyte film precursor contains an ionic conductive functional group. The dynamic modulus of the precursor at 90degreesC is 4x105-30x105 pa.    USE - For forming solid electrolyte film (claimed) used in solid polymeric type fuel battery, water and salt electrolysis and in various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte film precursor has large electricity, excellent mechanical and tensile strength. The electrolyte film having favorable ionic conductivity is obtained by hydrolysis easily. Manufacture of an electrolytic film used for diaphragms in fuel battery and a chloro alkali electrolysis is effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of an electrolyte film precursor which involves irradiating the electrolyte film with non-spark generated ionizing radiation in the presence of 500 ppm or less concentration oxygen atmosphere, at temperature greater than glass transition point and lesser than the decomposition temperature.
NOVELTY - Semiconductor microparticle containing layer which adsorbs pigment, is coated on a conductive support. The semiconductor microparticle contains 0.0001-0.3 wt.% of sulfur and 0.00001-0.01 wt.% of phosphorus.    USE - E.g. for solar battery, crystal silicon solar battery, polycrystalline silicon solar battery, amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer and photoelectrochemical cell are excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectrochemical cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing showing composition of photoelectrochemical cell.
NOVELTY - A laminate consists of a fluororesin sheet and a resin film with a deposition film of an inorganic oxide. An antifouling layer and/or an ultraviolet ray absorbent layer is formed on one or both surfaces of the laminate.    USE - Useful for a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Ability to prevent penetration of moisture and oxygen is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transparent fluororesin (PVF) film or sheet is used as a fluororesin sheet of which a solar cell module consists. The fluororesin includes polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxyl resin (PFA) of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkylvinylether and a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyvinylether-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (EPE).
NOVELTY - A deposition film of an inorganic oxide is formed on one surface of a fluororesin sheet, a coating film of a resin composition having a vehicle consisting mainly of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is formed on top, and a deposition film of inorganic oxide and a coating film are formed on top again to form the fluororesin sheet. An antifouling layer and/or an ultraviolet ray absorbent layer is formed on one surface or both surfaces of the fluororesin sheet.    USE - Useful for a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Ability to prevent penetration of moisture and oxygen is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fluororesin consists of perfluoroalkoxy resin consisting of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkylvinylether, and a tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP).
NOVELTY - Battery has electrolyte board (30) between electrodes (10,12) supported inside the cell (20). Wet seal is formed in the cell having recess (18) for air supply during cleaning corrugated end (28) contacts the inside of the electrodes forming wet seal during cleaning baking operation of electrolyte impregnated in holding material.    USE - As fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens time for cleaning the electrolyte by supplying sufficient oxygen, avoiding leakage of fuel salt and gas by perfect sealing effect as corrugated end contacting electrode is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic partial cross-section block diagram of battery assembly.    Electrodes (10,12)    Recess (18)    Cell (26)    Corrugated end (28)    Electrolyte board (30)
NOVELTY - A microsystem polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is produced by a combination of thin film, microsystem etching and glass/silicon bonding technology.    USE - As a miniaturized PEM fuel cell used in microsystem technology.    ADVANTAGE - The advantages of microsystem technology and a combination of silicon microstructuring technology, thin film processes, glass etching technology and silicon/glass bonding technology are combined to allow formation of a planar system of fuel cells connected in parallel and in series, as desired.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A microsystem PEM fuel cell comprises a complete fuel cell structure which is produced by a thin film process on porous membranes formed in a silicon substrate by a microsystem technology etching process, and which comprises a plasma polymerized membrane, two catalyst metal-doped porous graphite layers and elements for connecting the structure to parallel produced structures, the structure allowing spatially separate and uniform supply of fuel from both sides by means of a glass/silicon bonding technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a PEM fuel cell microsystem in accordance with the invention.    n-Conducting silicon substrate (1)    p-Conducting cover layer (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Porous p-conducting layer (4)    Catalyst metal-doped graphite layers (5, 7)    Polymer membrane (6)    Metallizations (8)    Fuel supply capillaries (9)    Cavity (10)    Glass substrate (11)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion unit (13), a transparent back side electrode film (14) and back side metal electrode film (15) are sequentially formed on a transparent front surface electrode film (12). Film (14) has high and low resistant transparent electroconductive oxide layers (141,142).    USE - Silicon group thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Opening end voltage is increased, thereby improving photoelectric conversion characteristic of the silicon group thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The photoelectric conversion unit (13) has P-type layer (131), photoelectric conversion layer (132) and N-type layer (133). The high resistant transparent electroconductivity oxide layer with thickness of 30 nm or less, has 0.5 wt% or less of aluminum and/or gallium. The low resistant transparent electroconductive oxide layer with 90 nm or less thickness, has 6 wt% or less of aluminum and/or gallium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the crystalline silicon group thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Electrode films (12,14,15)    Photoelectric conversion unit (13)    P-type layer (131)    Photoelectric conversion layer (132)    N-type layer (133)    Electroconductive oxide layers (141,142)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide transformer (20) and a carbon monoxide removal device (30) produce hydrogen-rich gas and supply it to the anode of a fuel battery (40). The air supply duct (50) supplies hot air to the battery cathode, which is drawn in by a fan (51) and heated by a burner (52). The hot air is circulated to the battery and heat exchange is performed.    USE - For a solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - Supply of hot air raises the temperature of the battery quickly during the starting period and battery life is prolonged.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel battery operation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel battery system.    Carbon monoxide transformer (20)    Carbon monoxide removal device (30)    Fuel battery (40)    Air supply duct (50)    Fan (51)    Burner (52)
NOVELTY - The anode side channel plate (40) has concave stay parts (4011,4013,4016) and convex stay parts (4010,4012,4015) provided on the rib (401a). The stay parts are of rectangular, semicircular or triangular shape. A humidification agent is piled up in the stay part to humidify the solid polymer film.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer film is kept humidified, thus battery characteristic is maintained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of anode side channel plate.    Anode side channel plate (40)    Rib (401a)    Concave stay parts (4011,4013,4016)    Convex stay parts (4010,4012,4015)
NOVELTY - Water vapor is supplied to palladium film (7) of methanolysis device (5) to form non-transparency gas (NTG) comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H) (moistened with water vapor). NTG is then supplied along with water vapor to palladium film (67) of shift reaction device (65) to form NTG comprising H and CO. NTG is then supplied to heating unit of methanolysis device from shift reaction device.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The motor vehicle provided with fuel battery system has wide industrial applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Self-support type fuel battery system comprises methanolysis device and shift reaction device. The water vapor (as sweep gas) is supplied to the hydrogen permeation side of palladium film of methanolysis device to form a non-transparency gas which is rich in hydrogen (moistened with water vapor) and carbon monoxide. The non-transparency gas is then supplied along with water vapor to hydrogen permeation side of palladium film of shift reaction device to form non-transparency gas which is rich in hydrogen (moistened with water vapor) and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen moistened with water vapor (from methanolysis device and shift reaction device) is then supplied to anode (12) and air is supplied to cathode (13) of fuel battery (11). The unreacted air and unreacted hydrogen (from fuel battery), and non-transparency gas (from shift reaction device) are supplied to heating unit of methanolysis device, as heat source. The waste gas ejected from the heating unit is used as the heat source for gasification of methanol and water. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a vehicle comprising self-support type fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the vehicle-mounted fuel battery system which uses methanol as fuel.    Water tank (3)    Methanolysis device (5)    Palladium film (7)    Fuel battery (11)    Anode (12)    Cathode (13)    Shift reaction device (65)    Palladium film (67)
NOVELTY - A self-support type vehicle mounted fuel battery system comprises a water vapor modification reaction device (5) configured with hydrogen permeation film (7). Water and methanol are supplied to the device to form reformed gas. Water vapor is supplied to hydrogen permeation side of the film as sweep gas to form non-transparency gas consisting of hydrogen moistened with water vapor (10).    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel battery system has wide industrial applications.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The self-support type vehicle mounted fuel battery system comprises a water vapor modification reaction device configured with hydrogen permeation film. Water and methanol are supplied to the device to form reformed gas. Water vapor is supplied to hydrogen permeation side of the film as sweep gas and hydrogen is permeated from the reformed gas to form non-transparency gas consisting of hydrogen moistened with water vapor (10). The vapor (10) is supplied to anode (12) and air is supplied to cathode (13) of fuel battery. Unreacted air, unreacted hydrogen and non-transparency gas are supplied to heating unit of device (5) as a heat source. Gas ejected from the heating unit is used as heat source for gasification of methanol and water. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the vehicle comprising self-support type fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of vehicle mounted fuel battery system.    Water vapor modification device (5)    Hydrogen permeation film (7)    Hydrogen moistened with water vapor (10)    Anode (12)    Cathode (13)
NOVELTY - An apparatus has cylinder filled with heating gas containing sulfur, desulfurizer, modifier and detection sensors for detecting concentration of sulfur in heating gas. When concentration of sulfur is under a fixed value, the heating gas is passed from cylinder to modifier and when concentration of sulfur is beyond a fixed value, the passage of gas from cylinder to modifier is stopped using controller.    USE - For fuel battery system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The poisoning of modification catalyst in the modifier is eliminated, thereby the life span of the catalyst is raised. The electricity generation is stabilized for long period of time. The hydrogen manufacturing apparatus and fuel battery system are operated effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The apparatus has cylinders (B1,B2) filled with heating gas containing sulfur group odor component and the cylinders are connected to a desulfurizer (10) through piping (L0,L5) via heating gas supply path, where the heating gas is desulfurized. The desulfurizer is connected to modifier (20) where modification reaction is carried out to form hydrogen rich gas. Sulfur group component detection sensors (SS1,SS2) detect the concentration of sulfur group component in the heating gas. When the concentration of sulfur group component is under a fixed value, the heating gas from the cylinder is sent to modifier side. When the concentration of the sulfur group component is beyond a fixed value, the movement of the heating gas which is desulfurized, from the cylinder to the modifier side is stopped using a control part (50). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of main composition of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Desulfurizer (10)    Modifier (20)    Burner (30)    Fuel battery (40)    Control part (50)    Cylinders (B1,B2)    Piping (L0,L5)    Detection sensors (SS1,SS2)
NOVELTY - A deposition film of an inorganic oxide is formed on one surface of a fluorine resin sheet and further, an antifouling layer and/or a ultraviolet ray absorbent layer is formed on one surface or both surfaces of the deposition film of an inorganic oxide.    USE - This sheet is useful for a solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof properties to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen are remarkably improved.
NOVELTY - A strip-shaped substrate (102) and a strip-shaped paper (103) are rolled alternately by a steering roller (106). The substrate is delivered continuously from a substrate delivery bobbin while winding the paper in the paper rolling-up bobbin. A mechanism in a substrate delivery chamber detects abnormality in paper conveyance.    USE - For manufacture of photovoltaic cell such as thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - As the abnormality detector in the substrate delivery chamber detects abnormality in paper conveyance, the damage to substrate processing apparatus is eliminated. As the damage of substrate processing apparatus is eliminated, the film formation in the manufacture of photovoltaic cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of substrate rolling-up chamber.    Substrate (102)    Paper (103)    Steering roller (106)
NOVELTY - An energy generating system divided by a semi-permeable, carbon-doped and surface organic- or metallic-modified filter membrane forming a gas diffusion membrane is new.    USE - As an energy generating process and apparatus employing a catalyst of the type described in DE19627924 as support structure, e.g. in an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The process and apparatus allow coupling of various energy conversion processes, e.g. coupling of direct production of water and electrical current from hydrogen and oxygen in a phosphoric acid fuel cell with a waste heat utilization system, in a single operation without use of moving parts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An energy generating process and apparatus employ a system which is divided by a semi-permeable, carbon-doped and surface organic- or metallic-modified filter membrane forming an electrolyte-impermeable gas diffusion membrane.    The apparatus contains an acid electrolyte between its electrodes and is in the form of a hybrid system in which electrical efficiency is increased by coupling with other energy conversion processes so as to form a hot air/fuel cell hybrid system.    The conversion process for producing electrical energy from chemical energy is carried out at well below the ignition, flame and combustion temperatures of the operating medium during the entire oxidation reaction.    Preferred Features: The membrane has mixed phases produced from dopants with carbon black, ceramics or electrically conductive polymeric materials and may consist of silica which is surface modified with e.g. siloxanes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic perspective view of a energy generating mono-cell for use in the energy generating process and apparatus of the invention.    Electrolyte (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Individual cells (4, 5)    Porous gas diffusion walls (6)
NOVELTY - Electrical component enclosure (10) comprises: a protective housing (12) with an opening, which allows fluid to pass between the housing interior and surrounding external atmosphere; and a catalyst, associated with the opening which induces the flammable fluid to react with a non flammable product.    USE - To protect e.g. an electrical switch, a motor starter, a motor or an electrical fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) a power generating plant that employs electrochemical fuel cells to generate electricity, the plant having an enclosure to protect the electrical component installed in a zone; and    (ii) a method of making an electrical enclosure for installing in the specific defined location.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of the enclosure for an electrical component, having a catalytic interior surface coating.    electrical component enclosure (10)    protective housing (12)
NOVELTY - A method for absorption and release of hydrogen, comprises repeated application of high and reduced pressures of hydrogen to an alloy used for hydrogen storage.    USE - The method and the alloy are suitable for use in hydrogen fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method using the alloy increases the amount of hydrogen supplied to the cell, and contributes to the generation of clean energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The alloy for hydrogen storage has a body-centered cubic structure and exhibits a two-step or gradient plateau property in the relationship between the hydrogen absorption and the hydrogen pressure. The method is characterized in that at least for a period of time in the process of hydrogen release, the temperature of the alloy (T2 ) in the hydrogen release process is lower than the temperature (T1) in the hydrogen absorption process. Hence the method allows the release and use of the hydrogen stored in the lower pressure region in the two-step plateau or in the lower portion region of the gradient plateau.
NOVELTY - Reaction surfaces formed from metal sponges have a high, readily accessible surface area for conducting chemical reactions.    USE - Reaction surfaces are used in a wide variety of devices e.g., catalysts, fuel cells, gas sensors, heat exchangers and electrode materials for batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Reaction surfaces with large surface areas per unit mass are formed, thereby enabling the size of a device to be reduced. Numerous, short flow paths for efficient transport of reactants and reaction products are provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery (1) comprises an anode (10), a cathode (12) and an electrolyte between the electrodes. At least one electrode comprises an electrically conductive sponge material (16).    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a method for conducting a reaction on a surface comprising:    (i) forming the surface by growing a sponge material (16) containing open pores which are accessible to the reactant; and    (ii) contacting the surface with a reactant and allowing the reaction to proceed;    (b) a metal sponge with high specific surface area that is accessible to reactants with reaction paths that are no larger than two times the sponge thickness; and    (c) a metal sponge with a geometry of open porosity between dendrites that enables through-flow of gas or liquid with an electrical resistance that is at least two times less than that of an ordinary sintered powder sponge.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a side sectional view of a battery incorporating a directionally-grown sponge material.    Battery (1)    Anode (10)    Cathode (12)    Inter-digitated sheets of foil (14)    Sponge material (16)    Dendrites (18)    Electrolyte (20)    Casing (22)    Conductor leads (30, 32)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of solar elements using n+-p-p structure includes following stages: (1) boron and phosphor are simultaneously diffused, respectively, from borosilicate and phosphosilicate films applied to rear and face surfaces; (2) oxide films are chemically removed from both sides of substrate; (3) solar cell face is textured; (4) n layer is formed; (5) current-collecting contacts are formed. In the process, solar cells of 16.6% efficiency possessing two-sided sensitivity are produced.    USE - Optoelectronic devices including solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced labor consumption and improved efficiency of solar cells. 2 cl, 1 dwg
NOVELTY - After thick-film contact is formed, it is covered with metal layer using, for example, electrolytic or chemical deposition technique. While being deposited, film covers contact and at the same time reaches substrate surface on its periphery forming reliable electrical connection with it. In the process, structure and properties of thick-film contact do not change and contact resistance is reduced due to deposited film.    USE - Optoelectronic devices including solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improved reliability and reduced contact resistance. 2 cl, 1 dwg
NOVELTY - A light receiving element (1) has n-type III group nitride semiconductor layer (12), non-doped light receiving layer (13) made of InxGa1-xN, and p-type III group nitride semiconductor layer (14) laminated sequentially on a sapphire substrate (10).    USE - In solar battery, photodiode, optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Light receiving element provides high energy conversion efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of light receiving element.    Light receiving element layer (1)    Substrate (10)    n-type III group nitride semiconductor layer (12)    Non-doped light receiving layer (13)    p-type III group nitride semiconductor layer (14)
NOVELTY - The two photovoltaic cells consists of polycrystalline silicon film and amorphous silicon film. The polycrystalline silicon film and amorphous silicon film generate current on receipt of light. A semiconductor layer is formed between two photovoltaic cells.    USE - Photoelectric conversion element is used for solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - High conversion efficiency is attained with large electromotive force.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of photoelectric conversion apparatus.
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte type fuel battery includes a solid electrolyte obtained by molding glass containing titanium group or aluminum element into desired shape. The solid electrolyte which has ion conductivity is provided with an oxygen pole and a hydrogen pole.    USE - For cogeneration.    ADVANTAGE - As the fuel battery operates at temperature less than 600degreesC, metallic material such as stainless steel can be used, thereby avoiding usage of expensive ceramics and heat resistance material. The battery function similar to zirconia type fuel battery which operates at 1000degreesC. The battery can be manufactured efficiently at low cost.
NOVELTY - Air pole (6) has mean particle diameter of 1-10 mum, with circumferential unit of 1-0.2 mum and blow hole rate of 20-50%. The composition includes two or more combinations of Mn, Co, Ce and Cr, Ni, Mg, Zr, Ce, Fe, Al and Sr, Ba, Ca, C. Combinations of Ca, Y, Sm, Gd, La, Mg, Sc, Nd, Yb, Pr, Pb, Sr, Eu, Dy, Ba and Be satisfy preset relation.    USE - For solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The air pole has small polarization even in low temperature and has long-term stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production method of air pole.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    Air pole (6)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen rich reformed gas formed by modifier (17) is ejected from carbon monoxide reduction apparatus (23) which reduces carbon monoxide at low temperature. The oxygen and reformed gas are supplied to main body (27) of the fuel battery which makes an electrolyte the solid polymer film to generate electricity.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Operates at low temperature. Stabilizes the operating method. Improves current density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier combines heating gas of organic compounds such as hydrocarbon or alcohol group containing carbon monoxide by a partial oxidation reaction or water vapor modification reaction or both. Carbon monoxide conversion device (19) converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide by shift reaction. Carbon monoxide reduction apparatus (23) reduces carbon monoxide at low density and temperature by supplying oxidizing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Modifier (17)    Carbon monoxide conversion device (19)    Carbon monoxide reduction apparatus (23)    Main body of fuel battery (27)
NOVELTY - The fuel battery system (1) has three heating groups in which heating groups (110,80) guide waste gas from combustor (22) to exterior of battery assembly. Waste gas is utilized as heat source by heater (70) that heats oxygen containing gas from compressor (30). The heated gas is supplied to gas-liquid flow path via flow pipes (111,114,108). Flow pipes (115,116) guide heated gas from system (1) to exterior.    USE - E.g. fuel battery system with system reheating function for use in cold environment.    ADVANTAGE - Poor operation of battery system is prevented in low temperature environment, since all system assembly equipment are heated. Electricity generation efficiency is improved because reduction in oxygen can be inhibited.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery system.    Fuel battery system (1)    Combustor (22)    Compressor (30)    Heater (70)    Heating groups (80,110)    Flow pipes (108,111,114-116)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery has conductive plate covering outer surface of oxidizing electrode, formed with several holes to communicate surface of water absorption material and oxidating agent electrode    USE - Especially for water absorption and conductive plate structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids bad influence on power generation, due to water penetration since only water absorption material covers the outer surface of the conductive plate which in turn results in simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The conductive plate (7) formed with groove (71) for supplying oxidizing agent gas to surface of oxidizing agent electrode (12), covers the outer surface of electrode (12). Sheet like water absorption material (8) covers the outer surface of conductive plate. Multiple holes (72) are formed on the conductive plate to communicate surface of water absorption material and surface of oxidizing agent electrode. The solid polymer electrolyte film is intervened between fuel electrode (13) and oxidating agent electrode. Electric power generation is started by supplying heating gas and oxidizing agent gas to fuel electrode and oxidating agent electrode respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the disassembled isometric view of battery cell.    Conductive plate (7)    Water absorption material (8)    Electrode (12)    Fuel electrode (13)    Groove (71)    Hole (72)
NOVELTY - A cell (20) formed by distributing electrodes (22,23) on both sides of electrolyte film (21), is supported by ribs (401a) in support plate (40). A humidification agent is circulated via flow path which is surrounded by rib, to humidify the film. Water retention layers (402a,402c) are formed on surface of the plate except at press supporting surface, to absorb and hold humidification agent at rib of plate.    USE - In solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to provide a reliable and stable contact resistance of the plate with a rib and electrode of cell. Prevents reduction of battery property after prolonged use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of cell in fuel battery.    Cell (20)    Electrolyte film (21)    Electrodes (22,23)    Support plate (40)    Ribs (401a)    Water retention layers (402a,402c)
NOVELTY - The gas transmittance of specific area of a gaseous diffusion layer, that contacts convex part of a gas chamber, is set to be larger than that of the area opposing concave part of chamber, in which reactive gas circulates.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables supplying reactive gas to catalyst layer of electrode, equally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of cell unit and gas diffusion layer of anode.
NOVELTY - An electrode catalyst layer (32) is formed adjoining an electrolyte film (16). Electrode catalyst layer (36) is formed adjoining collector layer (40). An electrode water repellent layer (34) is formed between the catalyst layers (32,36).    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction of cell properties due to external factors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the cell.    Electrolyte film (16)    Electrode catalyst layers (32,36)    Electrode water repellent layer (34)    Collector layer (40)
NOVELTY - Gaseous diffusion layer containing water repellent material is formed of catalyst layer, which in turn is formed on both sides of electrolyte. Water repellent property in the convex area where humidified reactive gas circulates in smaller than that in opposing area.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies humidified water to electrolyte equally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of cell unit and gas transmittance characteristic.
NOVELTY - A contact piece (20) of electrolyte film (22) and electrode used for solid polymeric fuel batteries contains electroconductive fiber (24) which is fixed to at least one surface of the film (22) by electric field hair transplant technique at 90 degrees.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The contact piece of electrolyte film for fuel batteries having good drainage and gas permeability is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacture of contact piece of electrolyte film for fuel batteries; and    (b) manufacture of contact piece of electrodes for fuel batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of contact piece of electrolyte film and electrode for fuel batteries.    Contact piece (20)    Electrolyte film (22)    Electroconductive fiber (24)
NOVELTY - The separator is made from a carbon-resin hardened compact comprising 40-90 weight% (wt.%) of carbon powder and 60-10 wt.% of thermosetting resin. The bending strength of the separator at room temperature is 30 MPa or more. The bending strength is reduced to a rate of 30% or less at 100degreesC.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel batteries used for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is formed from carbon-resin hardened compact having high shape and thickness accuracy. The strength of separator at room and high temperature, is improved. Therefore, the deterioration of separator by thermal stress accompanied by high temperature during start or stoppage of battery, and during battery assembly is reduced effectively. The leakage of gas by deterioration of separator is prevented. The properties of the battery using the separator is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of separator. The mixture containing 40-90 wt.% of carbon powder and 60-10 wt.% of thermosetting resin (whose gelation time is 20 min or less and solid content is 60% or more) is ground to a grain size of 40 meshes or less. The ground mixture is then loaded to a metallic mold and after pre-pressing the mold is opened for removal of volatile matter and residual air. Subsequently, the mixture is molded at room temperature to 280degreesC and pressure of 20-400 MPa. The molded product is then taken out and supported on a flat plate having smooth surface, and the product is hardened by heating at 150-280degreesC for 5 minutes, under pressure.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte film contains a mixture of fluoropolymer (A) having sulfonic acid group and another fluoropolymer (B) other than (A). The deflection scattered light fraction of the electrolyte film is less than 0.1.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery, chloro alkali electrolysis and various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent mechanical strength such as tensile strength. The damage due to reduction in mechanical strength is prevented. The electrical resistance is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of solid electrolyte film in which a fluoropolymer (C) having sulfonic acid group precursor is mixed with (B) at above 230degreesC to below melting point of (C) or (B). The sulfonic acid group precursor is then converted into sulfonic acid group.
NOVELTY - The protection sheet (A) consists of metallizing thin film (2) of inorganic oxide provided to a side of a fluorine group resin sheet (1).    USE - For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in permeability of solar light and strength. Abounds in extreme endurance and suppresses long performance degradation to minimum extent. Excels in weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind-pressure resistance, chemical resistance, damp-proofing, stain repellent properties. Raises characteristic degree of damp-proofing that prevents penetration of water component, oxygen, etc. Excels in protection capability and can be manufactured inexpensively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of outline of lamination of protection sheet.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Metallizing thin film (2)    Protection sheet (A)
NOVELTY - At least the peripheral edge portion at the single side of a separator is covered with a packing material. The packing material consists of addition type liquid silicone formed by applying a crosslinking reaction to a solution A and a solution B of formula (1).    USE - The packing material is used in a solid macromolecular separator for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The packing material retains elasticity for a long period of time and has superior durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The packing material consists of addition type liquid silicone formed by applying a crosslinking reaction to a solution A and a solution B of formula (1). The packing material has a crosslinking density after crosslinking by pulse nuclear magnetic resonance of 0.3-5.0%.        m+n = 50-2,000;    m'+n' = 8-98;    m' = less than l.
NOVELTY - The modifier (1) consists of fuel modification catalyst carried to activated charcoal (13), with an electrical resistance of 5000 mega/125 cm3 or less. A pair of electrodes (14) is provided on both sides of catalyst. Heat generation occurs by direct electrification of the activated charcoal.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Size reduction of a modifier is achieved. Since highly conductive activated charcoal is used as a carrier for fuel modification catalyst. Temperature rise or heat generation is quickly brought about by supplying electricity. Excellent startability and transient response property are attained. Size of the electric supply devices such as battery and capacitor is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The activated charcoal is heat treated before carrying the catalyst. The surface area of the activated charcoal is 700m2/g or less. Partial growth of graphite crystal in the activated charcoal results in electrical resistance reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of the modifier for fuel batteries.    Modifier (1)    Catalyst carrying activated charcoal (13)    Electrode (14)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor wafer is produced by preparing a first member having a non-porous layer on a semiconductor substrate and transferring this layer to a second member. The semiconductor substrate is used as a constituent material at certain number of times to separate a porous layer of the first member.    USE - Used for producing semiconductor wafers used in producing semiconductor devices, e.g. microprocessors, memories, logic circuits, system, solar cells, image sensors, light emitting elements and displays.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces semiconductor wafers having efficient and economical application modes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a semiconductor wafer comprises preparing a first member (1) having a non-porous layer (5) on a semiconductor substrate and transferring this layer to a second member (2). The semiconductor substrate is used as a constituent material of the first (n-1) time as the non-porous layer is separated in the second to the first step (where n not less than 2). The first and second steps are repeated, and the semiconductor substrate is separated in n-th use in the second step, and is further used.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a system of producing two kinds semiconductor wafers comprising using a semiconductor wafer obtained from silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate production steps using a bonding method in the SOI substrate n times (where n is at least2). An epitaxial wafer for use aside from the SOI substrate is then produced by using the semiconductor used several times.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-section of the steps for producing the semiconductor wafer.    First member (1)    Second member (2)    Porous layer (4)    Non-porous layer (5)    Insulating layer (6)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a composite membrane having a boron phosphate solid electrolyte embedded in a polymer matrix.    USE - As a fuel cell (claimed), especially a methanol fuel cell, use of BPO4 as a solid electrolyte (claimed) and use of PEEK as a membrane matrix (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The membranes have high proton conductivity and provide a barrier to the diffusion of methanol from anode to cathode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (a) a polymer matrix comprising poly-aryl ether ether ketone (PEEK); (b) use of BPO4 as a solid electrolyte for the matrix; (c) A method of making a thermally stable composite membrane comprising dispersing a BPO4 in a solution including sulfonated PEEK and a solvent, evaporating the solvent and spreading and drying the BPO4 polymer; and (d) use of PEEK as a matrix to manufacture the membrane above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - SPEEK membrane conductivities are shown as a function of sulfonation time and temperature.
NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion element is formed using an electrolyte containing: (A) an ether compound; and (B) a redox couple comprising a combination of iodine and an iodine compound or a combination of bromine and a bromine compound.    USE - The photoelectric conversion element is especially used in solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has excellent long-term stability. Direct current flows continuously by light exposure. Ions are effectively transported.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photoelectric conversion element is formed using an electrolyte containing:    (A) an ether compound of formula (I) - (IV) and    (B) a redox couple comprising a combination of iodine and an iodine compound or a combination of bromine and a bromine compound.    R1-16 and R101-105 = H atom or -O(CH2CH2O)n-A1, all the R groups cannot be H;    A = O(CH2)b- or -O(CH2CH2O)c-;    A1 = alkenyl or alkyl group;    a, b, and c = an integer 1-12.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the photoelectric conversion element.    Glass Plate (1,6)    Electrode (2, 5)    Semiconductor Layer (3)    Electrolyte (4)    Resin (7)    Lead Wire (8)
NOVELTY - Semiconductor wafers (10) are etched by assembling the wafers in a stack (11), and dry etching the stack using a high density reactive plasma.    USE - The method is used for etching semiconductor wafers used in making solar cells or other semiconductor devices.    ADVANTAGE - The method removes damaged edge portions, e.g. microcracks, while limiting etching to the edges of the wafers. It supports the wafers in a stack and moves the stack so that successive edge portions of the wafers are etched within predetermined tolerances.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing photovoltaic cells comprising: (i) growing a hollow silicon body by Edge-Defined Film-Fed Growth (EFG) method, (ii) slicing the hollow body to separate the planar portions of the body from one another, thus converting the planar portions into individual wafers, (iii) assembling the wafers into a stack, where the wafers are in a face-to-face relation with one another, (iv) exposing the edges of the wafers one at a time to a reactive plasma produced at atmospheric pressure, and (v) converting the wafers to solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a plan view illustrating the stack of rectangular semiconductor wafers.    Semiconductor wafers (10)    Stack (11)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (3) during start up operation is warmed by supporting a metal or metal alloy catalyst in the manifold, and providing a dilute mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to the oxidant inlet manifold at start up. The fuel cell with a proton exchange membrane electrolyte and process oxidant channel is fed through an oxidant inlet manifold. The mixture comprises less than 4 volume % hydrogen.    USE - For warming a fuel cell during start up operation.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents damaged to the fuel cell, prevents the cathode form flooding, and permits the oxidant to reach the cathode. The fuel cell is small, lightweight, and simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell which comprises:    (a) a proton exchange membrane electrolyte;    (b) a process oxidant channel with an inlet manifold (6) for delivery of process oxygen to the cathode side of the fuel cell;    (c) a supported metal or metal alloy catalyst (15) disposed in the oxidant inlet manifold (13);    (d) sources of hydrogen (23) and oxygen;    (e) an air inlet duct (12) to flow a stream of oxidant to the process oxidant channel; and    (f) a pressure regulator (24) to introduce hydrogen to the oxidant stream and to provide a dilute hydrogen/oxidant mixture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partially broken away perspective view of the fuel cell stack.    fuel cell (3)    inlet manifold (6)    air inlet duct (12)    oxidant inlet manifold (13)    supported metal or metal alloy catalyst (15)    source of hydrogen (23)    pressure regulator (24)
NOVELTY - A monolithic solar cell includes a vitreous substrate comprising glass; a first semiconductor having a copper indium polycrystalline semiconductor; a second semiconductor having a n-i-p or p-i-n amorphous silicon-containing thin film semiconductor; and an n-type conductor having a microcrystalline n-doped amorphous silicon or cadmium sulfide.    USE - The cell is used for converting solar radiation and other light into usable electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The cell captures a broader spectrum of sun light and converts, and harnesses a greater amount of solar energy into electricity. It is efficient, effective, reliable, and economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A monolithic solar cell includes a vitreous substrate (14) comprising glass; a first semiconductor with copper indium polycrystalline semiconductor; a second semiconductor having a n-i-p or p-i-n amorphous silicon-containing thin film semiconductor; and an n-type conductor (20) having a microcrystalline n-doped amorphous silicon or cadmium sulfide. The n-type conductor is positioned between and couples the two semiconductors. The polycrystalline semiconductor is disposed on the substrate, and can be a copper indium diselenide (CIS) or copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). The second semiconductor is disposed above the first semiconductor. The substrate, polycrystalline semiconductor, thin film semiconductor, and n-type conductor comprise the microcrystalline n-doped amorphous silicon or cadmium sulfide, cooperating with each other for providing a monolithic solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section view of a monolithic multi-junction solar cell.    Substrate (14)    Rear contact (16)    Rear cell (18)    N-type conductor (20)    Front cell (22)    Front contact (30)
NOVELTY - Transparent electrode (10) has double layered lamination of transparent electrically conductive films (101,102) having ITO, SnO2 or ZnO as principal component on substrate (1). Mean elevation difference of rough surface pattern of film is 100-1000nm. Mean thickness of film (102) is 50-500 nm and mean elevation difference of rough surface pattern of film (102) is smaller than film (101).    USE - Especially for electrode structure of photoelectric convertors such as solar battery, optical sensor, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Variations in photoelectric conversion characteristic is eliminated using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of silicon thin film photoelectric conversion device.    Substrate (1)    Transparent electrode (10)    Transparent electrically conductive films (101,102)
NOVELTY - The backside electrode (10), photoelectric conversion unit (11) and transparent electrode are sequentially formed on substrate (1). Conversion unit has lower conductivity layer (111), crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion layer (112) formed by plasma CVD method and upper conductivity layer (113) formed by irradiating pulsed laser light on portion of photoelectric conversion layer mixed with dopant.    USE - In solar batteries, optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - As upper conducting layer has low dopant density photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of silicon thin film photoelectric convertor.    Substrate (1)    Backside electrode (10)    Photoelectric conversion unit (11)    Lower conductivity layer (111)    Crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion layer (112)    Upper conductivity layer (113)
NOVELTY - Reaction gas is introduced through the hole (9) formed in hollow electrode (16) which is arranged above substrate (17) placed on another electrode (5). A plasma shield (13) is provided around the electrode (16). An exhaust gas guide is movably provided in the reaction chamber so that desired gap is set between shield and guide.    USE - For forming crystalline silicon group photoconversion layer in manufacture of solar battery and also for thin film formation in LCD device manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Enables forming uniform thin film even on large sized substrate quickly and efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacturing method of plasma CVD apparatus;    (b) thin film photoelectric conversion apparatus    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of plasma CVD apparatus.    Electrode (5)    Hole (9)    Plasma shield (13)    Hollow electrode (16)    Substrate (17)
NOVELTY - A separator equipped with a passageway is connected between an air pole and a fuel electrode. The rate of flow of gas ejected from or supplied to each single battery is adjusted to regulate the pressure level and the humidification level ejected from each cell (44,45).    USE - In laminate type fuel battery used as power source in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction in the output of battery. Prevents unevenness in the cell voltage due to variation in temperature of each battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for laminate type fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of battery.    Cells (44,45)
NOVELTY - Heating gas and oxidizing agent gas are supplied to the fuel electrode and air pole of battery. A humidifier is connected to the battery for humidifying either heating gas or oxidizing agent gas. The temperature of pipe which connects humidifier and battery is maintained greater than that by 2degreesC.    USE - Solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Setting of pipe temperature higher than humidifier temperature prevents condensation of water vapor in pipe. Prevents destabilization of fuel gas flow rate and flooding of battery cells provides battery having high output voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery operation method.
NOVELTY - A coating layer is formed on the surface of the compact of the separator. The contact angle between water molecule and coating layer is 40degrees or less.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Since the contact angle of water molecule with coating layer is 40degrees or less, the moldability between the separator ribs is excellent and also manufacturing cost is cheap.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacture of the separator;    (b) fuel batteries    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of separator used for fuel batteries.
NOVELTY - The cell unit (14) comprises fuel and oxidizing agents (20,30) provided at cathode and anode side of cell (12) and cooling chamber (40). Fuel and cooling pipes (24,44) communicate with corresponding chambers via flow paths (26,46). The pipes communicate with each other by cooling water flow hole (50) to humidify heating gas flowing through fuel pipe.    USE - For electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of synthetic electricity generation is increased. The battery maintains the wettability of electrolyte film effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of electricity generation system using solid polymeric fuel battery.    Cell (12)    Cell unit (14)    Fuel and oxidizing agents (20,30)    Fuel and cooling pipes (24,44)    Flow paths (26,46)    Cooling chamber (40)    Cooling water flow hole (50)
NOVELTY - Target containing indium and 4-25 wt.% of zinc oxide is maintained under predefined atmosphere where ratio of oxygen partial pressure to moisture pressure is 10-1000 and ratio of moisture pressure to inert gas is 1.3 x 10-5- 2.5 x 104- and maintained at 80 degrees C for forming transparent electrically conductive film on polymeric substrate.    USE - For manufacturing transparent electrically conducting laminate containing indium zinc oxide as principal component on polymeric substrate, using sputtering technique for electrode of various display device, thin film solar battery, portable terminal.    ADVANTAGE - Improves productivity of low resistant transparent electrically conductive film by improving heating stability.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of an ion-exchanger membrane involves laminating and pressing a fluoropolymer film on a cloth by a pressure application to form a fluorine reinforced fiber with a laminated film surface consisting of fluoropolymer fiber.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery, water electrolysis, salt electrolysis and various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The fluoropolymer laminated film has improved folding and resistant properties.
NOVELTY - The modifier (1) has evaporation portion (2), modification portion (3) and carbon monoxide reduction portion (4) and generates hydrogen content heating gas from water content hydrocarbon group raw material. A coolant removal valve (10) is equipped in coolant flow path (23) passing through carbon monoxide reduction portion.    USE - For fuel battery used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Starting time of modifier and fuel battery system is shortened by the provision of coolant removal valve in the coolant flow path passing through carbon monoxide reduction portion of modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The coolant removal valve is provided in vertical portion of flow path, below the modifier. A coolant line purge valve (11) is provided in vertical portion of flow path, above the modifier. Thermometers (41,42) are provided in carbon monoxide reduction portion and coolant flow path individually. A selector valve is provided to regulate the coolant flow. A fuel battery stack (12) generates electricity using heating gas obtained from the modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel battery system.    Modifier (1)    Evaporation portion (2)    Modification portion (3)    Carbon monoxide reduction path (4)    Coolant removal valve (10)    Coolant line purge valve (11)    Fuel battery stack (12)    Thermometers (41,42)
NOVELTY - Manufacturing method of a new carbodiimide comprises polymerizing specific polycarbodiimide with 4,4'-bis(isocyanatophenoxybiphenyl) in the presence or non-presence of an end blocking agent and in the presence of a carbodiimidizing catalyst.    USE - Used in heat-resistant insulation tape, compact coil bobbins, insulation spacer of a power transistor, solar cell, etc..    ADVANTAGE - Product excels in heat resistance and storage stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacturing method of a new carbodiimide comprises polymerizing specific polycarbodiimide with 4,4'-bis(isocyanatophenoxybiphenyl) in the presence or non-presence of an end blocking agent and in the presence of a carbodiimidizing catalyst.    n = integer of at least 1.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of polycarbodiimide comprising conducting polymerization of 4,4'-bis(isocyanatophenoxybiphenyl) of formula (III) in the presence or non-presence of an end blocking agent and in the presence of carbodiimidization catalyst.
NOVELTY - Metallic foils (102,103) with 120 or less vickers hardness are connected with photovoltaic cells such that folding angle of foil is 180degrees. A by-pass diode chip (101) is supported between the foil, through connector made of resin.    USE - For solar power generations system installed in buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances connection strength of metallic foil, by maintaining foil at specific angle. Prevents formation of metallic foil by using foil of particular vital hardness, thereby reduces stress acting on diode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The by-pass diode chip is electrically connected between the foil by the resin connector having viscosity 500-2000 poises or less. The photovoltaic cell is formed using single crystal thin film and silicon sheet wafer. Fine crystal or amorphous pin silicon layer is formed on the wafer by peeling the epitaxial film. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Solar battery module, which includes photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cells are sealed by resin through back up plate. (ii) The building material which consists of roof and wall panel for mounting solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline and by-pass diode chip.    By-pass diode chip (101)    Metallic foils (102,103)
NOVELTY - A fuel stack (61) has fasteners for fastening the fuel cell laminate body in the direction of lamination of the unit cells (32). The fasteners include supports (37); connectors; and fastening tools. The supports are equipped with flanges (42) and arranged at the upper and lower end portions of the fuel cell laminate body.    USE - The fuel stack is useful a power source of a motor used in place of an internal combustion engine.    ADVANTAGE - Air pollution is not a problem for a motor car using the fuel cell. Noise is scarcely generated from the motor car using the fuel cell. The motor using the fuel cell has a higher energy recovery rate over the one using the internal combustion engine.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell stack comprises a fuel cell laminate body prepared by laminating unit cells, each having a solid polymer membrane between electrodes and a fastener for fastening the fuel cell laminate body in the direction of lamination of the unit cells. The fasteners include supports; connectors; and fastening tools. The supports are equipped with flanges. They are arranged at the upper and lower edges of the fuel cell laminate body. The connectors are joined to the support at the upper and lower end portions of the fuel cell laminate body. The fastening tools fasten the supports in the vertical direction of the fuel cell laminate body.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel stack.    Unit cells (32)    Supports (37)    Rib (41)    Flanges (42)    Bolt (48)    Fuel stack (61)
NOVELTY - Catalyst has a layer of catalytic material on an electrically conducting substrate. The catalytic layer contains metallic clusters which are directly bonded to the substrate.    USE - In catalytic converters for motor vehicles, as catalysts in fuel cells and in chemical reactors in stationary plant (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface area of the catalyst is increased and less catalyst is required. Erosion of the catalyst is reduced and it has longer life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for producing the catalyst by electrochemical deposition of catalytic material on a flat substrate (4) which is immersed in an electrolyte (5) containing the catalytic material. The potential difference between the substrate and the other electrode (3) is held at a fixed level for a first period so that metallic granules are formed on the surface of the substrate. It is then reduced so that the granules grow over the remainder of the time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the electrolytic deposition system.    Counter electrode (3)    Substrate (4)    Electrolyte (5)
NOVELTY - Production of cationic exchange membrane thin layers containing sulfonic acid groups comprises using plasma deposition. Organic monomers as the starting compounds which have a boiling point of not more than 300 degrees C at a pressure of 1 bar and are chemically stable at this temperature and are non corrosive. The plasma deposition is carried out in a non-pulsed plasma or in a pulsed plasma with an average power density that is 1.5 times the plasma ignition power density. Sulfonic acid groups are built into the deposited thin layer by treating with an aqueous hydrogen sulfite solution.    USE - As polymer electrolyte membrane in PEM fuel cells, especially direct methanol fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The thin layers have a good selectivity, good ion conductivity and high ion exchange capacity.
NOVELTY - A solid state device, comprising a contact layer bearing a potential barrier of two layers with highly structured conformal surfaces, is new.    USE - As a solar cell or photodetector (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Large area contact is ensured between the two potential barrier layers in an inexpensive manner, resulting in a solid state device having stable operation and good efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the above solid state device by applying the highly structured first potential barrier layer and then growing the second layer in a directional and space-filling manner. Preferred Features: The potential barrier layers may comprise p-conducting and n-conducting semiconductor layers, consisting of a semiconductor ceramic, a porous etched semiconductor material (especially silicon) or a compound semiconductor, or a lower semiconductor layer and an upper metallic layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of equipment for electrodepositing p-conducting CuSCN onto nanoporous n-conducting TiO2 in production of a solid state device according to the invention.    Nanoporous n-conducting TiO2 layer coated work electrode (1)    Platinum counter-electrode (2)
NOVELTY - Composite electrolyte membrane has polymer matrix, filler material and inorganic solid acid to improve protonic conductivity.    USE - The electrolyte membrane is used for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Proton conductivity is increased (claimed).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the ion exchange capacity of SPEEK polymers as a function of sulfonation time.
NOVELTY - A device quality, hydrogenated amorphous silicon film is produced on a substrate for at least 50 Angstrom/s by flowing silico hydride gas in contact with a filament at 1500 - 2000 degrees C, while maintaining the gas at 10-100 mTorr with the substrate positioned at 0.5-3 cm from the filament that produces a product of 10-100 mTorr-cm, and maintaining the substrate at 200-600 degrees C.    USE - The method is used in producing device quality, hydrogenated amorphous silicon film on a substrate at a deposition rate of at least 50 Angstrom/s. The film is used as commercial solar cell devices.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits material integrity and stability while demonstrating excellent electrical, chemical, and structural properties, and is not as subject to Staebler-Wronski effect degradation as the conventional device quality films that have had to produced with higher hydrogen content to achieve device quality electronic characteristics. It exhibits no increase in the amount of wrong bonded hydrogen a preservation of device quality electronic properties.
NOVELTY - A crystalline silicon thin film photoelectric conversion unit (3) is formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition method, at a temperature below 550degreesC. The conversion unit is then heat treated in water vapor atmosphere of pressure of 0.2-1.0 MPa, at a temperature of 100-300degreesC. The conversion unit is pinched between a pair of electrodes (2,4) on a substrate (1).    USE - For manufacturing polycrystalline silicon thin film photoelectric converter used in solar battery and optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Improves electrical property of the thin film photoelectric converter, thus improving characteristic of the converter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of polycrystalline silicon thin film photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Electrodes (2,4)    Photoelectric conversion unit (3)
NOVELTY - Electrode layer (4) and photoelectric conversion cell layer (5) are formed sequentially over a substrate (1). Another electrode layer (6) is formed on the cell layer. Pulse laser of 190-400 nm is irradiated to sublimate electrode layers (6) partially on the cell layer to form an isolation groove (8) which separates the electrode and takes off connection element area.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Photoelectric conversion cell is reliably integrated by irradiating short wavelength laser with high power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Substrate (1)    Electrode layers (4,6)    Photoelectric conversion cell (5)    Isolation groove (8)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion active material layer (3) is formed on surface conductive substrate (7). Collector electrodes (4) are provided on one inner side of the photoelectric conversion active material layers.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Collector resistance can be reduced without reducing effective area of photochemical reaction, hence output current density per electrode unit area is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic perspective diagram of photo electrode of solar battery.    Active material layer (3)    Collector electrodes (4)    Conductive substrates (7)
NOVELTY - The gaseous fuel is humidified by an oxidation gas humidifier (27) and the humidified fuel is supplied to the fuel battery (30) in the form of fog using injector unit (28).    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Cooling water circulation pipeline and heat exchanger are not necessary, since fuel is itself humidified and supplied in the form of fog.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the coating method of fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the composition of fuel battery system.    oxidation gas humidifier (27)    injector unit (28)    fuel battery (30)
NOVELTY - The film has electrode formation area (12) in which anode (20) and cathode (22) are formed, and peripheral area (14). The film thickness in area (12) is less than that of peripheral area.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction in generation of electricity is prevented due to the structure of film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymeric type fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solid polymeric type fuel battery.    electrode formation area (12)    peripheral area (14)    anode (20)    cathode (22)
NOVELTY - A cation exchange membrane consists of a perfluoro carbon polymer which contains a sulfonic acid group, as a solid polymer electrolyte. The cation exchange membrane is reinforced by a polyethylene fiber which has average molecular weight of more than 1,000,000.    USE - For vehicle mounted power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Provides the battery with high output density. Enables using cation exchange membrane with low resistance and high strength.
NOVELTY - The separator (4) comprises a sheet like element and convex part forming element made of graphite. Several convex parts are formed over the surface of sheet like element by press-fitting convex part forming element over the sheet like element. Both the elements are then integrated together.    USE - For fuel batteries used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Installation area required is reduced as size and weight of battery is reduced. Mechanical strength and molding accuracy is enhanced as the sheet like element is made of material having mechanical strength greater than graphite.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of separator for fuel batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents perspective diagram of separator for fuel batteries.    Separator (4)
NOVELTY - A light source (16) radiates light onto solar battery cell (6) through concave lens and glass fibers. The light source is supplied with power from storage battery (12) which stores power generated by the cell. The leaves branching from glass fibers are coated with translucent material and are irradiated with light from light source through a light transmitter.    USE - Solar powered decorative foliage plant type illumination device. Also used as guidance lamp.    ADVANTAGE - Since the light source emits light using power stored in the battery, power cost is reduced and the light source reliability is improved. The solar light ray is condensed efficiently, hence electricity generation efficiency is improved, thereby decorative effect is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar battery cell (6), storage battery (12) and light source (16) are accommodated in single case (22) as pot for foliage plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows foliage plant type illumination device.    solar battery cell (6)    storage battery (12)    light source (16)    case (22)
NOVELTY - The gas analyzer analyzes the concentration of objective gas in sample gas (S). The arithmetic processing unit (3) performs fixed point correction on the output of the gas analyzer, using the relationship between concentration of base gas and span sensitivity of objective gas of sample gas.    USE - For analyzing gas supplied to fuel battery in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Using the relationship between concentration of base gas and span sensitivity of objective gas, objective gas can be analyzed, simply and accurately.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas analysis apparatus.    Arithmetic processing unit (3)    Sample gas (S)
NOVELTY - A frame like insulating spacer (21) made of polyethylene and polypropylene is interposed between back side cover (30) and glass substrate (24). Isobutylene isoprene rubber (25) is filled in gap between junction portion of spacer and glass substrate. Adhesive agent (26) made of silicone resin or polysulfide resin is filled in gap between junction portion of spacer and back side cover.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Insulation resistance of solar battery module is secured, as isoprene rubber and adhesive agent are filled in respective gaps.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of solar battery module.    Insulating spacer (21)    Glass substrate (24)    Isobutylene isoprene rubber (25)    Adhesive agent (26)    Back side cover (30)
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte film (11) is bigger than electrode (21) supported by an electrode contact piece. The polymer electrolyte film and electrode contact piece are hot pressed to join the film by the electrode. The surface roughness of film is more than 10 mum Rz.    USE - For fuel battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Improves durability of polymer electrolyte film and electrode contact piece, since wrinkles are not generated on the electrolyte film during hot pressing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows example of hot pressing of polymer electrolyte film and electrode.    Polymer electrolyte film (11)    Electrode (21)
NOVELTY - A polycarbodiimide film is prepared by molding a polycarbodiimide having a structure (I).    USE - For preparing films for thermally resisting insulating tape, thermally resisting adhesive tape, high density magnetic recording base, condenser and flexible printed wiring board, insulating materials for structural materials reinforce with fluororesin or carbon fiber, sleeve and terminal insulating tube, laminated materials such as insulating spacer of power transistor, magnetic head spacer and power relay spacer, and enamel coating materials for solar cell, low temperature storage tank, space insulating material and integrated circuit.    ADVANTAGE - The film has a short curing time and is excellent in mechanical properties, thermal resistance and solvent resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (I) has formula (1)    n = 1 or more integer    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a preparation of the polycarbodiimide film.
NOVELTY - A sealing film is formed of a sheet prepared by applying a film deposition to a silane coupling agent-containing clear flexible resin composition. The silane coupling agent contains a polysiloxane compound.    USE - The sealing film is used in the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the polysiloxane compound prevents a decrease in adhesion caused by the deposited silane coupling agent. The adhesion is retained for a long period of time. The solar battery has superior weather resistance, durability. The performance afforded by the solar battery is retained for a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polysiloxane compound consists of a compound of formula (I).    Me = methyl;    X = alkoxy;    Y = epoxy, carboxyl, carbinol, hydroxyl;    Z = polyether, alkyl, aralkyl.
NOVELTY - The manufacturing apparatus comprises a heating unit and cooling unit which are provided with multiple independent temperature control systems.    USE - For laminating elements such as solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Since two or more temperature control system are provided in heating and cooling unit effective temperature control on larger area is ensured. Hence reliable partial lamination is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram explaining the temperature controller.
NOVELTY - The photoelectric conversion layer converts incident light into an electric signal. The diffraction layer, present on the opposite side of the conversion layer to the incident light, reflects the light passing through the conversion layer.    USE - Thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improved optical absorption efficiency and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The devices can be manufactured inexpensively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the manufacture of the thin film device by pressing a master of the diffraction layer on to a transparent thermoplastic or thermosetting resin layer, then filling a light reflecting material into a transfer surface of the resin layer to form a diffraction layer, then bonding the diffraction layer to the photoelectric conversion layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a solar battery.    Solar cell (10)    Plastic film substarte (12,14)    Diffraction grating (15)    Intermediate layer (16)    Adhesive (17)
NOVELTY - Polycrystalline semiconductor wafer production comprises rapid closure of hot pressing jaws onto accurately dosed molten semiconductor material (3).    USE - Especially for producing polycrystalline silicon wafers for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows individual production of wafers of predetermined geometry so that material utilization is improved and production costs are reduced by avoiding the need for wafer sawing from an ingot.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polycrystalline semiconductor wafer is produced by introducing an accurately dosed quantity of molten semiconductor material between pressing mould jaws which are held at near the material solidification temperature point and which are rapidly moved together to a spacing predetermined by the melt quantity when molten material is present between the jaws, the melt solidifying on contact with the jaws. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for apparatus for carrying out the above process, which includes a heated vessel (1), an adjustable nozzle (4), a droplet detection sensor (6) and a controller (7).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a polycrystalline semiconductor wafer production apparatus.    heated vessel (1)    molten semiconductor material (3)    adjustable nozzle (4)    droplet detection sensor (6)    controller (7)
NOVELTY - The HTM (high-temperature membrane) fuel cell incorporating an electrolyte carrier (1) with two-sided electrode coating, an adjoining gas diffusion layer (3) and a bounding pole plate (5) additionally comprises a container (2) for temporary storage of the electrolyte which together with the process gas stream has been carried out of the fuel cell , and is to be returned into the latter. Also claimed are a battery of such fuel cells, and a start-up method for them. This method involves temporary storage and subsequent return of the electrolyte into the fuel cells.    USE - For production of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - Electrolyte loss during start-up of the HTM fuel cell is reduced by storage and return of some the electrolyte carried out of the fuel cell with the process gas stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an example of the of proposed fuel cell.    Electrolyte carrier (1)    Container for electrolyte (2)    Gas diffusion layer (3)    Liquid barrier layer (5)    Gas exhaust channels (7)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell battery with a stack incorporating at least one PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) and/or one PA (phosphoric acid) fuel cell unit comprises at least one integrated heating element which is provided with external power supply and serves for improvement of the starting performance of the battery. Also claimed is a method for starting such a battery from cold state. It involves supplying external power to the heating element until a temperature is reached at which auto-thermal heating of the battery becomes possible.    USE - For production of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - The starting performance of the fuel cell battery is improved through supply of external heat to produce a temperature at which autothermal heating processes can take over. As a result, excessive consumption of the process gas during starting of the battery is avoided.
NOVELTY - The high temperature fuel cell comprises at least two metal functional layers (8, 9) on top of one another on the fuel gas side of the interconnector (2), with one (8) of these functional layers containing nickel and the other (9) containing copper.    USE - For production of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - A rise in the electrical serial resistances during operation of the fuel cells at high temperatures is avoided through prevention of oxidation of their bipolar plates. High conductivities are maintainable over prolonged operating periods.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of the proposed fuel cell.    Interconnector (2)    Rib elements (4)    Metal functional layers (8)    Conductor (10)    Carrier elements (10a)    Contact elements (10b)    Anode (11)    Solid electrolyte (12)    Cathode (14)    Contact layer (15)    Interconnector (only partly shown) (16)    Channel for air or oxygen (18)
NOVELTY - An oxidation buffer (14b) is located in the fuel gas space (13) between the bipolar plate (11) and the anode (15) of the electrolyte-electrode unit of the high temperature fuel cell (10).    USE - For production of electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - A rise in the electrical serial resistances during operation of the fuel cells at high temperatures is avoided through prevention of oxidation of their bipolar plates. High conductivities are maintainable over prolonged operating periods.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of the proposed fuel cell.    Bipolar plate (11)    Rib elements (12)    Fuel gas space (13)    Wire netting (14)    Carrier elements (14a)    Contact elements (14b)    Anode (15)    Solid electrolyte (16)    Cathode (17)    Bipolar plate (only a part shown) (18)    Channel for air or oxygen (19)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (10) is produced by positioning a proton exchange membrane (PEM) between anode and cathode plates, providing a gasket to seal the PEM with respect to the plates (16, 18) and molding directly the gasket to the PEM to form a unitary gasket/membrane assembly (20).    USE - The method is used for producing a fuel cell which converts fuel into electricity by a catalytic process.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell is simplified through stacking process. The lateral leaking is controlled by the interaction between the gasket and the groove. The lobes of the gasket and the protuberances deform when compressed in a manner to fill the groove and to effectively form a seal line that resists the lateral movement of the hydrogen or air.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a fuel cell comprises forming an integral gasket/membrane assembly, positioning the gasket/membrane assembly on one of the cathode and anode plates, positioning another cathode and anode plates on the gasket/membrane assembly, and fixing the cathode and the anode relative to each other to seal the gasket/membrane assembly. The gasket/membrane assembly comprises a gasket (40) and a PEM having upper and lower surfaces connected by a peripheral edge. The peripheral edge is connected to the assembly by encapsulating at least a portion of the edge with the gasket and at least a portion of one of the upper and lower surfaces. The fuel cell comprises a PEM positioned between anode and cathode plates with a gasket sealing the PEM with respect to the anode and cathode plates.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a gasket/membrane assembly for a fuel cell obtained from the above method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell (10)    Plates (16, 18)    Gasket/membrane assembly (20)    Gasket groove (26)    Gasket (40)    Bead (42)
NOVELTY - A silica nano tube is contacted with acid aqueous solution having concentration of greater than 0.5 M. The acid comprises phosphorus acidic radical, perchloric acid or sulfonic acid.    USE - For use as electrolyte of electrochemical elements such as fuel battery capacitor and electrochromic display device.    ADVANTAGE - The material which excels in proton conductivity is manufactured easily. Deterioration of proton conductivity material during drying, is prevented.
NOVELTY - The cover film comprises thermal bonding resin layer (2) and weather resistance film (1) formed sequentially over the mesh electrode (3).    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The productivity of the cover film is enhanced and its economical efficiency is increased. The capability and reliability of the cover film are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacturing method of cover film;    (b) solar battery module    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of solar battery module using the cover film.    Weather resistance film (1)    Thermal bonding resin layer (2)    Mesh electrode (3)
NOVELTY - A transparent oxide electrode (2) is formed on an insulated substrate (1). A surface treatment layer (11) is formed on the electrode (2) by stabilizing it with plasma and then laminating it by electricity generation layer comprising p type semiconductor layer (4), buffer layer (5), intrinsic semiconductor layer (6) and n type semiconductor layer (7). Then, metal electrode (8) is formed on n type layer (7).    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Resistance of boundary surface adjusting layer can be effectively suppressed by providing electricity generation layer over it, thereby raising the flexibility factor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery.    Insulated substrate (1)    Transparent oxide electrode (2)    Buffer layer (5)    Semiconductor layer (6)    n type layer (7)    Metal electrode (8)
NOVELTY - The low boundary surface reflective electrical conductive film has substrate on which interlayer comprising magnesium oxide (MgO) thin film or titanium oxide/silicon dioxide (TiO2/SiO2) thin film, and transparent electrical conductive film are formed. The refractive index of substrate (nS), interlayer (n2) and conductive film (n1) satisfies the relation nS less than n2 less than n1.    USE - For use as electric material, electro-optics material, resist electrodeposition material, electrostatic painting material and heat reflecting film. For liquid crystal driving electrode, solar battery electrode, touch panel, planar heating element and permselective membrane.    ADVANTAGE - Low boundary surface reflective electrical conductive film with excellent interference reflective property, is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The refractive index (n1) of transparent electrical conductive film is 1.95-2.2 and refractive index (n2) of interlayer is n1-0.5 to n1-0.05. The thickness d1 and d2 of conductive film and interlayer are 100-500 nm and 80-800 nm, respectively.
NOVELTY - Thermally stable polymer electrolyte comprises high molecular weight perfluoro group compound which is cross-linked using a strongly acidic cross-linking groups.    USE - Used as electrolyte film for fuel battery, electrolysis of water, halide acid and brine, as oxygen enricher, humidity and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Creep property is increased due to high temperature resistance. The cross-linking group is strongly acidic, hence the electro conductivity of an electrolyte is not reduced, even when the density of cross-linking agent increases. The electrolyte is resistant to heat and oxidation. Efficiency of electrolyte is increased. Conventional poisoning of electrode catalyst by carbon monoxide is prevented.
NOVELTY - Solar battery sealing material is obtained by crosslinking ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and organic peroxide. The EVA copolymer has volume resistivity of 5.0x10 power 14 ohms or more and is crosslinked with organic peroxide during half life of 30 minutes or less in 140 degrees C.    USE - Sealing material is used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Solar battery sealing material with high volume resistivity contains ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. Leakage of electric current from solar battery is prevented. The size of solar battery module and cost of materials are reduced. EVA sealing material has high durability even when exposed to wind and rain, and provides improved insulation even with thin layer of sealing material.
NOVELTY - The sealing material for solar battery contains 10-30 mass% of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer which has a volume resistivity of 5.0x10 power 14 ohms or more.    USE - The sealing material is used for solar batteries used in power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer offers solar battery with high volume resistivity. The crosslinked structure of the sealing material, prevents the leak of electric current from solar battery efficiently. Even a thin layer of sealing materials provides insulation, hence solar battery module is improved with reduced size and cost. Energy conversion efficiency of the solar battery is high.
NOVELTY - Titanium substrate (4) is immersed in an aqueous solution of electrolyte containing glycerophosphate and metal acetate or phosphoric acid and metal salt of an organic acid and an anodizing film is formed on the substrate. The substrate is then hydrothermally processed in water or in water vapor and treated in acidic solution forming titanium oxide skin layer (1).    USE - For manufacture of porous titanium oxide skin layer for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The surface area of the anodizing film is increased 500 or more increments.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the porous titanium oxide skin layer.    Porous titanium oxide skin layer (1)    Titanium substrate (4)
NOVELTY - Electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) web by continuously printing with an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying.    USE - In the production of membrane-electrode units for PEM fuel cells useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The processes allow continuous, inexpensive and simple coating of polymer electrolyte membrane webs with electrode layers in a desired precise pattern without the risk of pinhole formation in the membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrode layer pattern is applied onto a polymer electrolyte membrane web by printing front and back faces of the membrane continuously in the desired pattern with the electrode layers using an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying at elevated temperature. Printing is carried out while maintaining accurate positions of the patterns of electrode layers of front and back faces relative to one another. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) application of patterned electrode layers onto a polymer electrolyte membrane web by printing one side of the membrane continuously in the desired pattern with the electrode layers using an ink containing an electro-catalyst and immediately drying at elevated temperature; (ii) production of a membrane-electrode unit by placing, adhesive bonding or laminating gas distribution structures onto a printed polymer electrolyte membrane produced by one of the above processes; and (iii) a PEM fuel cell membrane-electrode unit produced as described above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a web coating installation for carrying out the process of the invention.    Uncoiler (10)    Screen printing unit (11)    Dryer (12)    Coiler (13)    Web coils (14, 15)    Membrane web (16)    Printing tool (17)    Water bath (18)
NOVELTY - Overflow / spillway water, under controlled release from a dam, is fed to a high intensity electrolytic dissociation cell, and the product hydrogen is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell to provide electrical power by recombination.    USE - Hydro-electric power and drinking water dams.    ADVANTAGE - Limitation of dangerous consequences of high water level in dams and conversion of overflow water to useful electrical energy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows a combined overflow-water disposal and power generation system.    Water (1)    Primary dam wall (2)    Secondary dam wall (3)    Electrical power accumulator (4)    Overflow control valve (5)    Filter (6)    Magnetostrictive pressure sensor (8)    Electrolytic cell (9)    Hydrogen compressor (10)    CMOS amplifier (11)    Metal hydride hydrogen buffer (12)    Differential pressure auto switching valve (13)    Hydrogen fuel cell (14)
NOVELTY - Separator providing a path for a fuel gas or oxidative gas and functioning as a unit cell wall comprises a conductive coating membrane on conductive metal plate where the separator contacts the electrode, and a tight coating membrane on the plate where the conductive coating membrane is not on the plate. The conductive coating membrane has higher conductivity than the tight coating membrane.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has high anti-rust and low electrical resistance characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The tight coating membrane comprises:    (a) a coating layer made of the same material as that of the conductive coating membrane; and    (b) an adhesive layer for bonding the coating layer to the conductive metal plate with a tighter adhesion than that between the conductive coating membrane and the conductive metal plate.    Preferably, the tight coating membrane is more able to absorb a metallic ion melted out from the conductive metal plate than the conductive coating membrane, and it has tighter adhesion to the conductive metal plate than the conductive coating membrane.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (i) a separator for an electrochemical fuel cell; and    (ii) methods for producing the separator for an electrochemical fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic plan view of the separator.    Separator (20)    Conductive coating membrane (24)    Tight coating membrane (26)
NOVELTY - Electronically conducting needles through which the charges flow are located perpendicular to the surface of the screen (A) separating two adjacent elements of the cell, but not passing through them. The screen (A) has good electronic conductivity.    USE - In fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of gas from one compartment to another is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Screen (A) is made of a composite material or a polymer charged with a conductor such as carbon.    Screen (A) can be optionally grooved on its main surfaces to provide passages (D) for gas circulation, or can comprise pins defining a space on either side of the main surfaces for gas circulation.    The needles are embedded on either side in blind holes distributed over the surface of the screen in contact with the electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a bipolar collector according to the invention.    Screen (A)    Gas circulation passages (D)    Pins (E)
NOVELTY - An attachment leg (2) and a mount (3) for heat exchanger are fastened by a bolt (4) and nut (5) through dish springs (7,8). The attachment leg is provided in a main structure (1) of the heat exchanger. The main structure is installed with high temperature fluid piping (11) and a low temperature fluid piping (12) at upper and lower sides of the attachment leg, respectively.    USE - In fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces thermal stress on the heat exchanger mount by expansion or contraction of pipe joint, due to provision of the dish spring which absorbs the expansion and the contraction of the heat exchanger main structure. Exhibits high reliability against heat cycle due to provision of the dish springs.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory diagrams of the support device and its components.    Heat exchanger main structure (1)    Attachment leg (2)    Heat exchanger mount (3)    Bolt (4)    Nut (5)    Dish springs (7,8)    High temperature fluid spring (11)    Low temperature fluid piping (12)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen ejected from cathode (2) and oxygen from the anode (3) are passed through anode and cathode recycle line. The hydrogen and oxygen gas serves as an reducing and oxidizing environment respectively when purging of anode and cathode is performed.    USE - For purging a fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The purging of fuel battery is performed effectively without deteriorating quality and properties of the battery. The pursing process is economical and simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Combustion gas which is modified by modifier chamber (8a) is supplied to the anode and cathode of the fuel battery. A portion of cathode outlet gas CG (H2), anode outlet gas oxygen AG (O2) are burnt in first catalyzed combustion device (12). The combusted gas is passed through a turbine (14). The remaining portion of CG and AG are burnt in second catalyzed combustion vessel (18) and passed to (8a) and combustion chamber (8b). Anode recycling line (22) uses hydrogen as reducing environment and purges the anode. The purging of Cathode is performed with oxygen which serves as oxidizing atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart for the method of purging fuel battery.    Cathode (2)    Anode (3)    Modifier chamber (8a)    Combustion chamber (8b)    Combustion device (12)    Turbine (14)    Combustion vessel (18)    Anode recycling line (22)
NOVELTY - If detector detects that related value of electric power generation state of each cell does not coincide with predetermined state, then output reduction of cell is judged. If output reduction of cell is not judged, then a controller controls an adjustment unit to individually adjust the related value of electric power generation state of each cell to predetermined state.    USE - Fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits reduction of output property resulting from each cell during assembly, by adjusting the related value of electric power generation of each cell beforehand.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has a removal unit arranged in the hydrogen gas circulation path. The removal unit removes the impurities which cause reduction in specific value of power generated.    USE - For e.g. fuel battery apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction in power generated, as the impurity in gas is removed.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen generated by electrolysis of water is sent to the fuel battery (6), installed at a particular height.    USE - For electricity generation using fuel battery installed in building, mountain.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient electricity generation is made.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel battery electricity generation system.    Fuel battery (6)
NOVELTY - The steel composition includes 0.026 weight percent (wt.%) or less P, 0.004wt.% or less S, 0.02wt.% or less N, 0.2 wt% or less V, 0.01-0.8wt.% Cu, 0.2-6wt.% Ni, 10.5-35wt.% Cr, 0.5-5wt.% Mo, 0.001-0.2wt.% Al, 0.012wt.% or less C, 0.01-0.6wt.% Si and 0.01-0.6wt.% Mn. The steel is given passivating treatment in sulfuric acid at 25-800C and pH of 2.6 and imposed current capability of 0.2V and 50 micro A/cm2.    USE - For separators for solid polymeric fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The steel can be used directly without the necessity of any plating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The steel composition alloy satisfy the relation C+N at most 0.03% and 10.5% at most Cr+3Mo at most 43%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the solid polymeric type fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer (3) reforms fuel that is to be supplied to the fuel battery (2). Heat generated during reforming is guided to heat retention box (14) used for accommodating foodstuffs. Power generated from fuel battery is used for driving the vehicle.    USE - In e.g. foodstuff delivery motor scooter e.g. for pizza.    ADVANTAGE - Provides sufficient heat retention at the time of prolonged carriage without need of special heating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of the heat retention system of vehicle.    Fuel battery (2)    Fuel reformer (3)    Heat retention box (14)
NOVELTY - An injection molded separator has an elastic packing material (2) with silicon resin formed in its circumference. The elastic packing material has groove (11) or protrusion corresponding to the surface of metal thin plate.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery separator.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesion of silicon resin and metal thin plate is improved, thereby durability is excelled and workability is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solid polymeric type fuel battery separator.    Packing material (2)    Groove (11)
NOVELTY - The separator has a sheet (14) and convex part forming element (15). The convex part forming element is press fitted into the concave part (16a) on the back side of the sheet, to form convex part (19) on the surface of separator.    USE - For fuel batteries used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Weight and installation area of battery is reduced, as separator is made thin. Electrical property of battery is improved, as electrical resistivity of contact part is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of separator of fuel batteries.    Sheet (14)    Convex part forming element (15)    Concave part (16a)    Convex part (19)
NOVELTY - Modifier (2) for fuel batteries has a catalyst holder (11) holding the catalyst which reacts with hydrocarbon compound to form hydrogen, metal pipe (14) which holds the catalyst holder and a holding sealant (12) provided between the holder and metal pipe. The sealant is a resin non-impregnated sealant and is made of inorganic fiber material with impurities of low concentration.    USE - For fuel batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The modifier forms hydrogen with high purity. Hence reduction of electricity generation efficiency of the fuel battery resulting in reduction of hydrogen purity is prevented reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the modifier for fuel batteries.    Modifier (2)    Holding sealant (12)    Main body (13)    Metal pipe (14)
NOVELTY - A thin film solar battery cell (22) has photoelectric conversion areas (121-128) supported between electrodes (111-114,131-135). Output terminals (161,162) are connected to electrodes (114,131) respectively. The connection of the terminals exists outside the photoelectric conversion areas.    USE - Thin film solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Since the output terminals are connected to electrodes at outer sides of photoelectric conversion areas, damage to photoelectric conversion areas, due to heat and pressure application, during soldering connection of terminals, is avoided and hence reduction in efficiency of solar battery module is inhibited.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of integrated thin film solar battery cell.    Cell (22)    Electrode (111-114,131-135)    Photo electric conversion areas (121-128)
NOVELTY - A substrate is processed before forming nitride semiconductor functioning as element isolation structure, so as to form orientation flat surface.    USE - For light emitting elements such as LED, LD. Also for solar battery, photosensor, transistor and integrated circuit.    ADVANTAGE - Since gap between resonator and laser radiation surface is prevented, favorable laser element is obtained, hence yield is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows nitride semiconductor device manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The substrate (11) consists of conductive ceramic sintered compact containing 70 vol% or more of SiC.    USE - For thin film silicon solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has excellent electro conductivity and size and cost of thin film solar battery is reduced when compared to conventional thin film solar batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of thin film silicon solar battery.    Substrate (11)
NOVELTY - The gas is made to undergo wet precision desulfurization and molten carbonate fuel is supplied to cathode (21) after isolation of carbon dioxide absorbed in desulfurization liquid. Desulfurized gas is supplied to anode (22) and waste gas ejected from anode is returned to wet precision desulfurization unit (13) after passing through water scrubber.    USE - For electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates effective usage of hydrogen. Avoids bad influence to gas turbine by removal of carbonates in gas by passing the gas ejected from anode through water scrubber before returning to desulfurization unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of combined cycle power generation system.    Desulfurization unit (13)    Cathode (21)    Anode (22)
NOVELTY - The compound semiconductor thin film consists of IIIB group element, Ib group element and VIb group element. The composition of semiconductor film is represented as AxByCz where A is VIb group element, B is IIIb group element and C is Ib group element where x, y, z satisfies following relation: x is between 0.05 and 0.2, y is between 0.25 and 0.4, z is between 0.45 and 0.65. The semiconductor film also contains II group element.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains chalcopyrite structure compound semiconductor thin film with favorable bonding property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) compound semiconductor thin film manufacturing method;    (b) solar battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery with compound semiconductor film.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of solid polymer electrolyte film involves adding a chain transfer agent to graft raw material (which is irradiated by electron beam) followed by performing graft polymerization and sulfonation reaction. The graft raw material is a copolymer of carbonized fluorine group resin and/or hydrocarbon group resin.    USE - For fuel batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Raise in viscosity of graft raw material is restrained. Repeated usage of graft raw material is enabled. Solid polymer electrolyte films excels in hydrogen peroxide resistance. Manufacturing cost of solid polymer electrolyte films and fuel batteries are low. Polymerization of homopolymer is suppressed by addition of chain transfer agent to graft raw material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel battery comprising solid polymer electrolyte film supported by fuel electrode and oxidizing electrode.
NOVELTY - The intermediate sheet (Sm) is made to pass through the pushing outlet (To) of molding machine (M). A weather resistance resin rubber elastic body (5) is extruded from the extrusion molding die (T1) of molding machine after passing of intermediate sheet.    USE - For manufacture of solar battery module which is mountable to transparent boards such as glass or sheet-like structures in building.    ADVANTAGE - A continuous production is made at a high speed with manufacture velocity of 20 increment. The thermal efficiency at the time of module manufacture is sufficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The wiring is connected to the electrode of the solar battery unit which has flexible plastic substrate on which solar battery element is formed. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) solar battery module;    (b) solar battery module manufacturing apparatus    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view and sectional view of solar battery unit.    Weather resistance resin rubber elastic body (5)    Molding machine (M)    Intermediate sheet (Sm)    Outlet (To)    Molding die (T1)
NOVELTY - An opto-electric conversion element uses a macromolecular solid electrolyte containing a polyether copolymer, or its crosslinked product, and an oxidation-reduction pair.    USE - The opto-electric conversion element using the macromolecular solid electrolyte is used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The opto-electric conversion element has improved fabrication, moldability, mechanical strength, flexibility and fire resistance. It allows continuous flow of DC current by light irradiation and efficiently transports ions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An opto-electric conversion element uses a macromolecular solid electrolyte containing:    (i) a polyether copolymer, having a weight-average molecular weight of 104 to 107, or its crosslinked product; and    (ii) an oxidation-reduction pair.    The polyether copolymer comprises:    (A) 5-95 mol.% of a repeat unit derived from a monomer of formula (I);    (B) 95-5 mol.% of a repeat unit derived from a monomer of formula (II); and    (C) 0-15 mol.% of a repeat unit derived from a reactive group-containing monomer of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb).    R1-R3 = H or -CH2O(CH2CH2O)nR, but are not simultaneously H;    n = 1-12;    R = 1-12C alkyl, 2-8C alkenyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl, 6-14C aryl or 7-12C aralkyl; and    R4 and R5 = reactive functional group from ethylenically unsaturated group, reactive silicon-containing group, epoxy-containing group and halogen-containing group.    The oxidation-reduction pair consists of a combination of iodine and an iodine compound, or a combination of bromine and a bromine compound.
NOVELTY - A fuel battery stack (27) with power generation capacitance smaller than fuel battery stack (22), is provided. A predetermined amount of modified gas from modifier (20) is supplied to stack (22) so that fuel utilization factor of stack (27) becomes higher than that of stack (22). The rate of flow of original heating gas into modifier is adjusted, so that cell voltage of stack (27) reaches specific value.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - By adjusting the rate of flow of original heating gas, even during fluctuation of hydrocarbon concentration in original heating gas, rated operation is continued without causing any fault.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of the component of phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    Modifier (20)    Fuel battery stacks (22,27)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator comprises a conductive core part (1) which is composed of a metal or metal composite material. A conductive adhesive layer (2) covers the conductive core part. A conductive skin part (3) is formed on the conductive adhesive layer. The conductive core and conductive skin parts are bonded via the conductive adhesive layer.    USE - The fuel cell separator is used for transmitting the electricity generated in the gas-diffusing electrode of the fuel cell, to the outside. It is also used for draining the water formed in the grooves during the process of electricity generation, and for securing the grooves as passages (4) for reactant gas flowing into the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has sufficient strength and gas non-permeability even when made in a thin sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solid polymer type fuel cell using the separator fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell separator.    Conductive core part (1)    Conductive adhesive layer (2)    Conductive skin part (3)    Passages (4)
NOVELTY - A solar collector, comprising hollow or porous fibers internally coated or impregnated with photovoltaic active material, is new.    USE - Especially as a solar collector comprising woven fibers or fibers applied onto a flexible backing layer, e.g. for use on roofs, facades, unproductive land, sand dunes, trees or traffic surfaces.    ADVANTAGE - The design protects the active material against mechanical loads so that the collector has a long service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The hollow fibers are coated with doped semiconductors forming transparent electrode and counter-electrode contact layers separated by an absorption layer. The porous fibers are impregnated successively with several active material layers forming one or more p-n junctions.
NOVELTY - Liquid crystal pyridinium and imidazolium compounds of formula (I-1) and (I-2) are new.    USE - The liquid crystal compounds are especially useful as electrolytes e.g. in a lithium ion secondary battery or a solar cell having a dye-sensitized semiconductor layer.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is non-volatile and has high electrical conductivity and durability. Photo-electrochemical cells exhibit excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Liquid crystal compounds of formula (I-1) and (I-2) are new.    Q1 = a divalent linking group (except polymethylene or phenylenebis(poly)methylene without containing a heteroatom);    X1- = an anion (preferably iodide);    R4-R7 = H or a substituent;    R3 = optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl;    Y1 = a divalent 4-7 membered ring (optionally condensed);    Q2, Q3 = a divalent linking group or a single bond; and    n = 1-3.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) Liquid crystal mixtures comprising at least two of (I-1) or (I-2).    (2) Liquid crystal compositions comprising at least one of (I-1) or (I-2).    (3) An electrolyte containing liquid crystal compound(s) of formula (IA).    (4) An electrochemical cell having an electrolyte containing (IA).    (5) A photo-electrochemical cell comprising a charge transporting layer comprising (i) an electrolyte containing (IA) and (ii) a semiconductor responsive to radiant rays.    R1 = optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl which may be bonded to N through a divalent linking group;    Z1 = the atoms necessary to complete (with N) a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic cation (preferably pyridinium or imidazolium); and    R2 = a substituent, serving to provide liquid crystal properties, containing divalent cyclic linking group(s) and optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group(s).
NOVELTY - Tubular composite (1) is made of a braiding (3) consisting of bundles and/or wires of an electron-conducting material and a layer (5) of an ion-conducting material arranged on top.    USE - The composite is used as a fuel cell element and as ion exchange membranes (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composite is easy to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a tubular composite comprising braiding bundles and/or wires of an electron-conducting material to form a tube, applying an ion-conducting material onto the outer side of the braiding facing away from the lumen of the tube and drying.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a tubular composite.    Tubular composite (1)    Braiding (3)    Layer of ion-conducting material (5)    Catalyst layer (7, 9)    Further braiding (11)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for water gas shift reaction comprises at least platinum supported on a metal oxide carrier. Such catalyst has good efficiency in removing carbon monoxide over a wide range of temperatures e.g. 200-400 degrees C.    USE - The catalyst is used for water gas shift reaction to remove carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas e.g. reformed gas in electric power-generating system of fuel cell (claimed), which is particularly easily adaptable for use in a start-stop repeat-operation small portable fuel cell power-generating system.    ADVANTAGE - Such catalyst has good efficiency in removing carbon monoxide over a wide range of temperatures e.g. 200-400 degrees C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for removing carbon monoxide in hydrogen gas by contacting with the catalyst, particularly when used in a water gas shift reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Relationship between reaction temperature and carbon monoxide conversion by using the catalysts.
NOVELTY - Production of a copolymer comprises co-polymerizing in aqueous emulsion at least one monomer having limited water solubility. The comonomer is dispersed in the form of droplets of a size less than or equal to 10 microns. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a fluorinated surfactant and a free-radical initiator.    USE - For producing functionalized fluorinated, especially partially fluorinated, copolymers; in electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors and modified electrodes, e.g. lithium batteries and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - High and good performing copolymer compositions are produced without chain transfer agents; high melting points. The very high surface area of the liquid monomer in fine dispersion leads to higher efficiency of incorporation into the copolymer providing improved utilization of the liquid comonomer and improved control of polymerization.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of a copolymer comprises co-polymerizing in aqueous emulsion at least one monomer selected from tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether and perfluoroethyl vinyl ether with a fluorinated co-monomer having limited water solubility. The comonomer is dispersed in the form of droplets of a size less than or equal to 10 microns. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a fluorinated surfactant and a free-radical initiator.
NOVELTY - In a multilayer extrusion process, the components are combined separately to form a macroscopically homogeneous mass. Each of the masses are then fused to form a plastically formable masses that is forced through a die containing at least one slot on a support.    USE - For making multilayer articles useful in electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochemical capacitors, electrochemical windows and modified electrodes (particularly lithium-ion batteries). Also useful for photosensitive compositions.    ADVANTAGE - The process offers lower investment and higher capital productivity as compared with solvent coating processes. The process also involves fewer steps and is suitable materials sensitive to heat and/or shear stress. The electrode films prepared from the process have almost the theoretical density, as calculated based on the average densities of the components. Thus the films do not require further processing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of a multilayer composite structure (1) involves:    (1) combining at least one first heat-stable dry component (2) and at least one first heat-stable liquid component (3) to form a macroscopically homogeneous first mass (12);    (2) (b) fusing the first mass to form a first plastically formable mass (13);    (3) combining at least one second dry component (4) and at least one second liquid component (5) to form a macroscopically homogeneous second mass (22);    (4) fusing the second mass to form a second plastically formable mass (23);    (5) taking a first die (30) having at least one slot; and    (6) simultaneously forcing (13) and (23) through at least one slot on a first support (40).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical cell comprising (1).
NOVELTY - The method involves depositing an i-type silicon crystalline group photoelectric conversion layer (105) for 5-20 minutes at a deposition velocity of 0.036-0.36 mum/hr, on a n-type layer (104) of 2-50 nm thickness, inside a plasma-CVD reaction chamber. Another P-type layer (106) of 2-50 nm thickness is deposited at a velocity of 1 mum/hour on the photoelectric conversion layer (105) of 1-5 mum thickness.    USE - For manufacturing of silicon group thin-film photoelectric converters such as solar battery, optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Enables manufacture of quality silicon group thin-film photoelectric converters.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of silicon group thin film photoelectric converter.    n-type layer (104)    Conversion layer (105)    P-type layer (106)
NOVELTY - A multilayered transparent surface protection film (7) comprising glass film setting in room temperature, is formed on the surface of the single layered photoelectric conversion layer (3). The protection film is beside the light incidence area.    USE - In solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the surface protection film is formed on the solar battery surface, the generation of crack on the battery surface due to high temperature baking and pin hole formation is prevented. The solar battery resistant to moisture is manufactured efficiently. Since the surface protection film comprises glass film setting in room temperature, the yellowing of battery due to ultraviolet rays is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the solar battery module.    Single layered photoelectric conversion layer (3)    Surface protection film (7)
NOVELTY - Materials such as norbornene group or olefin type are heat dried under reduced pressure in a dry chamber (21). The heat dried materials are injected into a heating cylinder (1). The materials are melted by supplying inert gas, so that easy shaping of articles is performed.    USE - Used for making optical components.    ADVANTAGE - Reduce the generation of defects such as void, bake, since heat dried materials are melted before extrusion by supplying inert gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) molding apparatus;    (b) molded article    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the optical components molding method.    Heating cylinder (1)    Dry chamber (21)
NOVELTY - The coating of cohydrolysis and polycondensate of organoalkoxy silane such as phenyl trialkoxy silane and methyl trialkoxy silane is applied on a substrate (2). The fine concave-convex pattern of splice form is made on the hardened coating of membranous substance (1), by a mold.    USE - For solar batteries, reflecting plate.    ADVANTAGE - The inversion shape of mold is transferred correctly and refractive index of membranous substance is freely controllable. Offers thick filmed substrate that excels in heat resistance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline view of fine uneven patterned board.    Membranous substance (1)    Substrate (2)
NOVELTY - The battery consists of an electrode contact piece (13) which contains a solid polymer film (14) in the center portion, having a hydrogen ion conductive solid polymer electrolyte and gas diffusion electrodes (15,16) on the periphery, which have a substance which does not have hydrogen ion conductivity. The area of the center portion is smaller than the gas diffusion electrode area.    USE - As a solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - By providing solid polymer film, the durability of the electrode contact piece is improved. The battery can be operated stably and deterioration by heat and humidity log at the time of usage and generation of fracture are prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the electrode contact piece.    Electrode contact piece (13)    Solid polymer film (14)    Gas diffusion electrodes (15, 16)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery comprises a combustor present next to the battery into which remaining hot air or gas is sent and burnt. Water from water supply unit is heated indirectly using the heat generated from the combustor.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Quantity of heating gas supplied is increased, hence demands of warm water can be easily satisfied. Heat is utilized efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the fuel battery.
NOVELTY - A metallizing thin film (2) of inorganic oxide and a coating film (1) made of fluorine group resin, are laminated on a resin film (3). A pollution protection layer (5) and an ultra-violet absorber layer (6) are provided to either one surface or both sides of the multilayer structure (4) which consists of the films (1-3).    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Long performance degradation is suppressed to minimum by the strong properties such as light resistance, heat resistant and water resistance. Excels in protection capability property, and dirt resistance degree. Hence the surface protection sheet is manufactured safely and is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of surface protection sheet for solar battery modules.    Coating film (1)    Metallizing thin film (2)    Resin film (3)    Multilayer structure (4)    Pollution protection layer (5)    UV absorber layer (6)
NOVELTY - A fluorine group resin sheet (1) is laminated with a coating film (3) a metal oxide film (2) and ethylene-vinyl-alcohol copolymer film (4) sequentially on one side to form a multilayer body (5). Pollution absorption layer (6) and/or ultraviolet absorber layer (7) are formed on one or both sides of the multilayer body.    USE - For protecting surface of solar battery module from light, heat, water, dampers and dirt.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in surface protection capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sketchy sectional view of surface protection sheet for solar battery module.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Metal oxide film (2)    Coating film (3)    Copolymer film (4)    Multilayer body (5)    Pollution absorption layer (6)    Ultraviolet absorber layer (7)
NOVELTY - A coating film (1) made of resin composite which includes fluorine group resin as principal component, and metallic thin film (2) made of inorganic oxide are laminated via coating film (3) made of ethylene-vinyl-alcohol copolymer. A resin film (4) is formed below the film (2). A pollution protection layer (6) and/or UV absorption layer (7) are formed on both sides of multilayered body (5).    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents penetration of water component, oxygen, thereby raising damp proof property. Protects the surface of module from getting stained due to accumulation of dust.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of surface protection sheet.    Metallic thin film (2)    Coating film (3)    Resin film (4)    Multilayered body (5)    Protection layer (6)    Ultraviolet absorption layer (7)
NOVELTY - Air permeable combustion catalyst (12a) is filled within a combustion unit (12) through which air is passed from a supply line (14). A fuel vaporizer (16a) equipped at upstream side of catalyst, sprays liquid fuel on catalyst. Air and fuel are supplied in stoichiometric ratio, so that catalyst temperature is not reduced and catalytic combustion is started. Excessive liquid fuel is sprayed and evaporated.    USE - For modifier in fuel battery used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since air and fuel are supplied in stoichiometric ratio such that catalyst temperature does not reduce, catalytic combustion is started immediately after supply, by self ignition. Self ignition is carried out only by supplying air and fuel since excessive fuel is supplied. Vaporization of liquid fuel is started within a minute. Quantity of water used is reduced and entire thermal efficiency is improved. By the provision of preheaters, air and catalyst are heated to suitable temperature initially for self ignition during low temperature conditions. Starting is done easily at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A water vaporizer (18a) is provided at upstream side of catalyst, that sprays water which is evaporated to modify raw material gas and to contain water vapor after catalytic combustion initiation. Preheaters (15,13) are provided in the air supply line and to heat the combustion catalyst respectively. The catalyst includes alumina particle or honeycomb material of platinum or vanadium. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the modifier which is filled with partial oxidation catalyst. Secondary air is partially oxidized and raw material gas is modified into hydrogen content gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of liquid fuel evaporator and modifier.    Combustion unit (12)    Combustion catalyst (12a)    Preheaters (13,15)    Air supply line (14)    Fuel vaporizer (16a)    Water vaporizer (18a)
NOVELTY - Method of manufacturing a solar cell includes laminating an indium layer formed under heating and a copper layer on an electrode formed on a substrate surface, so that peeling of p-type semiconductor layer can be suppressed during potassium cyanide treatment.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has improved power generation efficiency. High quality solar cell is easily produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method of manufacturing a compound semiconductor solar cell includes:    (a) laminating an indium layer and a copper layer on an electrode film (12) formed on one surface of a substrate (10) to form a metallic film;    (b) subjecting the metallic film to sulfurization or selenization treatment to form a p-type semiconductor layer made of copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) or copper indium disulfide (CuInS2);    (c) subjecting the p-type semiconductor layer to potassium cyanide (KCN) treatment to remove impurities such as copper sulfide, copper selenide etc. by KCN solution; and    (d) forming an n-type semiconductor layer (16) on the p-type semiconductor layer.    The indium layer is formed under heating, or the formed indium layer is heat-treated while its surface is exposed.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing a compound semiconductor solar cell including steps (a) to (d) above, in which a thin film precious metal layer (22) which is thinner than the p-type semiconductor layer (14), is formed on the surface of the electrode film (12), and a laminated metallic film comprising an indium layer and a copper layer is formed on layer (22).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a compound semiconductor solar cell.    Substrate (10)    Electrode film (12)    p-type semiconductor layer (14)    n-type semiconductor layer (16)    Transparent electrode (18)    Comb-shaped electrode (20)    Thin film metal layer (22)    Electrode terminal (23)
NOVELTY - A solar cell has a p-type light absorption layer and a cadmium-free n-type layer of larger bandgap and similar electron affinity or of a specified ZnO-based semiconductor.    USE - Especially as a thin film solar cell with a light absorption layer of Ib-IIIb-VIb compound semiconductor.    ADVANTAGE - In the first solar cell, the use of a window layer with the specified electron affinity suppresses recombination at the junction and avoids formation of a barrier to photo-excited carriers so that the cell has high efficiency without the use of CdS as the window layer. In the second cell, the window layer contains only a few defects and has a bandgap and electron affinity which can be altered as desired so that the cell has high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell has a p-n junction comprising a Cd-free n-type semiconductor layer which has a larger bandgap and a 0 to less than 0.5 eV smaller electron affinity than a p-type light absorption semiconductor layer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell with an n-type semiconductor layer which is located above a p-type light absorption layer and which is based on an oxide of formula Zn1-zCzO, where C = one or more of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba and z = 0 to 1 exclusive. Preferred Features: In the first cell, the n-type layer is based on Zn1-xAxO or Zn1-yByO, where A = one or more of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, B = one or more of Al, Ga and In, x = 0 to 1 exclusive and y = 0 to 1 exclusive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a solar cell.    solar cell (10)    substrate (11)    lower electrode film (12)    light absorption layer (13)    window layer (14)    upper electrode film (15)    anti-reflection film (16)    connectional electrode (17)
NOVELTY - A power plant comprises fuel cell (100) and electrochemical autothermal reformer (EATR) (200). EATR contains an autothermal reformer (210) and anode supply region (230) separated by mixed ion conductor membrane layer (220) made of metal or alloy. An anode gas loop (300) provides an unit for circulating mixture of hydrogen and carrier gas, between fuel cell anode section (110) and anode supply region.    USE - For supplying hydrogen to fuel cell to generate electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The power plant efficiently reforms the hydrocarbon fuel and pure hydrogen is obtained. Carbon monoxide and other potentially harmful impurities are completely eliminated from the reformer product gas. The difference in operating temperature between EATR and the fuel cell, is exploited by heat exchangers which efficiently enable certain heating and cooling functions within the power plant. The manufacturing and processing costs of electricity generating systems using fuel cells, are minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of fuel cell power plant.    Fuel supply unit (1)    Air supply unit (4)    Steam producing unit (33)    Fuel cell (100)    Fuel cell anode section (110)    Electrochemical autothermal reformer (200)    Autothermal reformer (210)    Mixed ion conductor membrane layer (220)    Anode supply region (230)    Burner (260)    Anode gas loop (300)
NOVELTY - The electricity generation system generates gas formed by activation reaction of activated carbon manufacture. The gas is supplied to the fuel battery (1) for electricity generation.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The need for modifier for modifying liquid fuel such as gas feed fuel, natural gas, methanol or hydrogen gas is eliminated. The system is compact and the running cost of the system is economical.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of fuel battery electricity generation system.    Fuel battery (1)    CO transformer (5)
NOVELTY - Heating gas is supplied to fuel gas passageway (f) of each cell (C). Modification process of heating gas of hydrocarbon group is performed by a catalyst using water vapor. Inlets (fi) of each fuel gas passageway is arranged on same side. Reforming section (R) is arranged near the inlet side of fuel gas passageway.    USE - For electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Modification of heating gas is performed efficiently, thus improving efficiency of electricity generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional drawing of fuel battery.    Cell (C')    Fuel gas passage way (f)    Inlets (f1)    Reforming section (R)
NOVELTY - Notched and doughnut baffle plates (16,17) are positioned at lower side of a humidification outlet (14), which is formed at upper portion of circulating water space in a container (10). The circulation water return and pump suction openings (11,12) of non-humidified gas inlet (13) are formed at lower portion of the space.    USE - Mounted in vehicle for humidifying reaction gas of fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reservation of the amount of circulating water is stabilized with gas humidification which prevents carrying over of water and rolling up of gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of humidifier.    Container (10)    Pump suction openings (11,12)    Non-humidified gas inlet (13)    Humidification outlet (14)    Notched and doughnut baffle plates (16,17)
NOVELTY - A fuel battery laminate (1) has a solid polymer electrolyte film, cooling water tanks (13a,13b) and a combustor (12). Fuel waste gas containing hydrogen, and oxidizing agent waste gas containing oxygen, are passed through these tanks, to enable removal of reaction heat.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Water content in the waste gases are effectively recovered. The fuel battery is compact and user friendly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cooling system of the battery.    fuel battery laminate (1)    Combustor (12)    Cooling water tanks (13a,13b)
NOVELTY - The battery system has a bipolar membrane (8) that is made of permeable vaporization film (4) and reverse osmosis or ultra-filtration membrane (3). Water which is selectively permeable through membrane (3) is carried out to film where it is evaporated. Water supplied from membrane (3) side humidifies reactive gas supplied from film (4) side.    USE - For supplying heating and oxidizing agent gas to battery stack.    ADVANTAGE - Even if reactive gas is humidified by humidifying water containing impurities, the humidification is carried out moderately without damaging solid polymer electrolyte film. Hence battery property is improved and battery is run stably for long time period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of the basic composition of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Ultra-filtration membrane (3)    Vaporization film (4)    Bipolar membrane (8)
NOVELTY - The composition includes hot formed mixture of graphite powder and polyphenyl sulfide (PPS) resin. Press forming or extrusion molding is employed for hot forming of mixture.    USE - For phosphoric acid fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in battery characteristics and mechanical strength. Reduces manufacturing cost by using cheap resin material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of phosphoric acid fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of press forming process.
NOVELTY - The surface of the modification catalyst carried by modifier, is changed to reduced state. At the time of initiation, air is supplied to the modification catalyst which is oxidized.    USE - For initiating modifier used to modify hydrocarbon into hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The initiation of modifier is enabled within a short time, using a simple apparatus. The modification catalyst is reduced by the exhaust gas of fuel battery and the condensation of water vapor with modification catalyst, is prevented by sealing the modified raw material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains initiation of modifier.    Fuel battery (18)
NOVELTY - Fine coarse layer is formed on aluminum thin plate (2) surface by chemical or electrolytic etching method. The plate is then set on a movable die (12) of a metallic mold (1) such that the coarse layer contacts fixed die (11). Silicone resin (6) is injected through a cavity (3) formed between fixed and movable dies and then molded to form a silicone resin layer (5) on at least one side of thin plate.    USE - For use as packaging material, cushioning material, spacer and especially as separator of fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Silicone resin-metal composite is formed effectively without burr generation, by injection molding method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of silicone resin-metal composite by injection molding method.    Metallic mold (1)    Aluminum thin plate (2)    Cavity (3)    Silicone resin layer (5)    Silicone resin (6)    Fixed die (11)    Movable die (12)
NOVELTY - A graphite sheet comprises 70-85 weight percent (wt.%) graphite powder having mean particle diameter of 1-30 microns, 7-20 wt.% nature fiber of a cellulose and 7-20 wt.% phenol resin having weight average molecular weight of 1000000 or less. The graphite sheet has an electric specific resistance of 200 mOMEGAcm and permeability of less than 1x10-4 cc/cm2/sec/atm.    USE - For use as collector sheet or as inter connector sheet for use in solid polymeric type fuel batteries such as secondary battery and fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The graphite sheet has low electric specific resistance and permeability. The graphite sheet can be baked even at a low temperature. The graphite sheet is manufactured by simple method and is inexpensive. Mechanical strength of graphite sheet is high and excels in handling property when used as collector sheet.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) manufacture of graphite sheet which involves laminating 1 or more graphite sheets and baking for more than 10 minutes at 220-400degreesC by applying pressure of 5 kg/cm2 or more; (ii) manufacture of electroconductive composite sheet which involves laminating one or more metal sheets or graphite sheet with a conductive molding board and baking at 220-400degreesC for 10 minutes by applying pressure of 5 kg/cm2 or more iii) conductive composite sheet which comprises integrate lamination a sheet of paper with a conductive molding board containing metal sheet or graphite and baking. The conductive composite sheet has very low electrical resistance and permeability.
NOVELTY - Growth of silicide crystal such as beta-FeSi2 involves reacting silicon substrate and melt of intermetallic compound such as iron antimonid at high temperature.    USE - For use in thermo electric generator, cooler, an infrared sensor and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables manufacture of highly pure, large sized silicide crystal from liquid phase. The crystal obtained has high industrial value and can be easily doped with desired impurities at low temperature.
NOVELTY - Sulfonated aromatic polyether ketone polymers of specified formula are new.    USE - The membrane (II) is useful in fuel cells, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, electrolysis or high performance capacitors. The sulfonated aromatic polymer (I) is useful in fuel cells and high efficiency capacitors. (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - Membranes (II) prepared from the sulfonated aromatic polymer have good proton conductivity and are prepared in a cost effective manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A sulfonated aromatic polymer (I) contains repeating units of formula (1). INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for (i) a membrane (II) containing (I) (ii) a process for the production of (II) by dissolution of a polymer (I), optionally in its salt form, in an organic, aprotic solvent; spreading the solution onto a substrate and evaporation of the solvent. -O-Ar1(SO3R)n-C(CF3)2-Ar1(SO3R)n-Ar1(SO3R)n-O-Ar2-(X-Ar2)m (1)    Ar1, Ar2 = a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic, optionally substituted by inert, monovalent organic groups;    R = H, an alkali or alkaline earth ion or ammonium ion;    n = 0-3;    m = 0-2;    X = -CO-, -O-, CpH2p-, -CpF2p- or -S-;    p = 1-10
NOVELTY - A center plate (10) comprising anode and cathode flat surfaces (11a,11c) is provided between the anode and cathode collectors (9a,9c). The anode and cathode crest sections (12a,12c) are provided in contact with respective collectors. Manifold holes (13a,13c) are provided in contact with the collectors.    USE - For molten carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deformation of cell by heat, as the cell is surrounded by flexible structure. Simplifies manufacture of battery, as the number of press formed components is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cell consisting of electrolyte board (1) has anode (2) and cathode (3). The center plate extends to both anode and cathode sides. Anode and cathode collectors are inserted in both sides of the cell. The center plate is made of single thin plate formed by press forming.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the decomposed view of stack.    Electrolyte board (1)    Anode (2)    Cathode (3)    Anode and cathode collectors (9a,9c)    Center plate (10)    Flat surfaces (11a,11c)    Crest sections (12a,12c)    Manifold holes (13a,13c)
NOVELTY - The difference of elevation in roughness of surface roughness of a transparent electrode (10) is 10-100nm is formed on a substrate (1).    USE - For solar battery, optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - A high closing light effect and high opening end voltage is provided, since there is reduction in the voltage. High performance of conversion apparatus with less cost is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Substrate (1)    Transparent electrode (10)
NOVELTY - A separator (14) has anode and cathode lateral electrodes on sides of an electrolyte film. Heating gas inlets (36a,52a), outlets (36b,52b), oxidizing gas inlets (38a,54a), outlets (38b,54b) and cooling medium inlets (40a, 56a), outlets (40b, 56b) are provided in separators. Main and auxiliary flow passages (48a,48b,50a-50d) are provided between cooling medium inlet and outlets, along separators surface.    USE - In e.g. solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - By branching the flow path between inlet and outlet, the length of the flow path is reduced which reduces the pressure loss and increases the efficiency of electricity generation system of the fuel battery, efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal part disassembling isometric view of the fuel battery.    Separator (14)    Heating gas inlets (36a,52a)    Heating gas outlets (36b,52b)    Oxidizing gas inlets (38a,54a)    Oxidizing outlets (38b,54b)    Cooling medium inlets (40a,56a)    Cooling medium outlets (40b,56b)    Passages (48a,48b,50a-50d)
NOVELTY - A water insoluble liquid (108) with smaller specific gravity and lower steam pressure than the aqueous solution (104) is provided, touching the liquid level of the aqueous solution, from which zinc oxide film is formed on a conductive base material by electrometric analysis.    USE - In the manufacture of solar batteries which involves forming a lower transparent conductive layer consisting of zinc oxide film which is formed by the above mentioned method, on the conductive base material and forming a semiconductor layer on this transparent conductive layer.    ADVANTAGE - The production conditions involved in zinc oxide formation can be controlled easily. Zinc oxide film of high quality and yield can be manufactured at a low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus for forming zinc oxide film.    Aqueous solution (104)    Water insoluble liquid (108)
NOVELTY - The solution containing mineral acid and hydrogen peroxide is made to contact the silicon powder to remove the metal impurities present in it. Then, hydrofluoric acid or ammonium fluoride solution is made to contact the silicon powder to remove the oxide film.    USE - For solar batteries used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of iron, aluminum, titanium, nickel, chrome and copper present in the silicon powder is reduced to 1 ppm or less. Solar battery having 10% or more of electricity generating efficiency is produced by using the highly pure silicon powder as raw material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the purifying process of silicon powder.
NOVELTY - Storage tanks (4) are provided in the circulation pipeline (201) for storing water, hydrocarbon fuel or a mixture of both from which branch pipelines (26,27) are provided for raw material supply which is force fed for modification to a carbon monoxide reduction unit (14) through an evaporation portion (12) and modification portion (13). The carbon monoxide reduction unit is cooled by heat exchanger (5).    USE - For fuel battery (claimed) used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide reduction is stabilized even on load fluctuation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The evaporator evaporates the hydrocarbon fuel and raw material to be modified and feeds to modification portion and carbon monoxide reduction portion. The carbon monoxide reduction unit is cooled by a heat exchanger with coolant circulation pipeline (28), that exchanges heat with raw material circulation pipeline. Alternately, a supplementary raw material supply is provided with circulation pipeline attached to the heat exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of modifier.    Storage tanks (4)    Heat exchanger (5)    Evaporation portion (12)    Modification portion (13)    Carbon monoxide reduction unit (14)    Branch pipelines (26,27)    Circulation pipeline (28)    Cooling unit (100)    Supply unit (200)    Pipeline (201)
NOVELTY - A film is obtained by applying film deposition to a crosslinking agent-containing clear flexible resin composition. The film is embossed.    USE - The sealing film is used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the recessed and projected portions exerts sufficient cushioning. This prevents a cell from breakage in the sealing process. The sealing film effectively prevents the cell from damage caused by pressing the sealing film against the cell in the sealing process. The solar battery is produced in high yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The depth of each recessed and projected portion formed by embossing is 15 microns or higher.
NOVELTY - The sealing film (1) is obtained by laminating a cover film (2) on a soft resin composite film (3). Sheets of paper (4) which absorb deposits formed on sealing film, are interposed among sealing films such that sequences of sealing film with papers in between is formed to obtain the multi layer structure.    USE - For sealing film of solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Since the breeds deposited on the sealing film during storage or transportation are absorbed by the sheets of paper, multi layer sealing film with excellent surface characteristics is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional perspective view of the multi layer structure of the sealing film.    Sealing film (1)    Cover film (2)    Composite film (3)    Paper (4)
NOVELTY - The mixture containing carbonaceous powder, thermosetting resin and 10 weight percent (wt.%) of phenol resin is heat pressed under a pressure of 500 kgf/cm2 or more to form a plate-shaped object. The obtained object is then baked in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and thermosetting resin is carbonized, to form a carbonaceous board.    USE - For use as separator between the cells of fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The carbonaceous board with excellent bending strength is manufactured in short period of time. The carbonaceous board does not permeate gas and the electrical resistance of carbonaceous board is reduced.
NOVELTY - Reactor unit comprises a reaction chamber (15) arranged in an inner chamber (9) of an insulating chamber (10), and at least one feed line (25) that empties process fluid into the reaction chamber. The feed line has an expansion bellows with two communicating sections (16, 17) at one point.    USE - Used as an autothermal primary reformer for producing hydrogen for fuel cells in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit has a simple structure and can be reliably operated. Good mixing of the reaction partners is also achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a reactor unit comprising dividing the feed line into two communicating sections that are limited by an opening (23) leading to the inside of the feed line. Preferred Features: The expansion bellows is arranged in the inner chamber of a chamber filled with pressurized fluid. The height of the chamber fluid pressure can be controlled. The line sections have front sides (19, 20) facing each other to form an annular gap-like opening and are arranged at an axial distance from each other.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reactor unit.    inner chamber (9)    insulating chamber (10)    reaction chamber (15)    communicating sections (16, 17)    front sides (19, 20)    opening (23)    feed line (25)
NOVELTY - Solar cell comprises: a base layer (118) of n-type conductivity having illuminated (126) and non illuminated (128) surfaces; a back surface emitter layer (120) of p-type conductivity and a p-n junction layer (124) between the non-illuminated surface of the base layer and the back surface layer.    USE - Solar cells are used to operate electrically driven devices e.g., calculators, computers and heaters.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon solar cell has a high minority carrier diffusion length, eliminates shunting of the p-n junction and does not compromise the amount of current produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar cell comprises:    (a) a base layer (118) including dopant atoms of n-type conductivity and being defined by an illuminated surface (126) and a non-illuminated surface (128);    (b) a back surface emitter layer (120) including an aluminum alloy contact and serving as a layer of p-type conductivity; and    (c) a p-n junction layer (124) between the non-illuminated surface of the base layer and the back surface layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing the solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of a solar cell.    Solar cell layer stack (110)    Front metal contacts (112)    Anti-reflective coating (114)    n+ layer (116)    Base layer (118)    Aluminum doped silicon layer (120)    Aluminum-silicon eutectic layer (122)    p-n junction (124)    Illuminated surface (126)    Non-illuminated surface (128)
NOVELTY - Production of sulfonated polymer membrane comprises irradiating a polymer membrane material and sulfonating the irradiated polymer membrane material until the total concentration of sulfonic acid groups, which are homogeneously distributed in the membrane, is 0.4-3.0 meq/g. The concentration of the sulfonic acid groups in the middle of the membrane is at least 0.2 meq/g.    USE - The membrane is useful in electrochemical cell (claimed). It can be used in fuel cells. It is also useful as an ion-exchange active material in ion exchange, in coating of material, in ion-selective purification, in applications exploiting filter or separator membranes, or in applications exploiting semi-permeable membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces a self-supporting membrane which has sulfonic acid groups that are linked directly to the repeating unit of the polymer chain and not to a side chain. It results to homogeneous distribution of the sulfonic acid groups in the membrane thus, improving mechanical properties of the membrane. It is rapid and simple to manufacture and with low production costs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a sulfonated polymer membrane comprising self-supporting non-aromatic membrane material, sulfonic acid groups linked directly to the backbone of the polymer chain of the polymeric membrane material; and    (b) an electrochemical cell comprising first plate, second plate at a distance from the first plate; and at least one membrane-electrode assembly fitted between the first and the second plates, where the assembly comprises a first porous electrode, a second porous electrode at a distance from the first electrode, the above mentioned membrane fitted between the first and second electrodes, first feeding unit for feeding an oxidant to the second electrode, and electric switching elements which enable electric switching between the first and the second electrodes.
NOVELTY - Metal oxide ceramic material is rendered electrically conductive through its thickness by the incorporation of silver into the material.    USE - Creation of electrical conductivity in a normally non-conductive ceramic material, the layer of metal oxide ceramic can be adhered to a metal plate, for bipolar plates, current collector straps and heat exchangers for solid oxide fuel cells. For printed circuit boards, microelectronics, semiconductors, wave guides and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The invention can provide, with alumina, a material which is still an excellent refractory material and inert in nearly all environments, but which is electrically conductive at least in selected positions. The effect is durable over long periods of time and over the full temperature range required for solid oxide fuel cell operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are also included for    (1) a component formed of steel having a surface layer of alumina, chromia, or alumina-rich or chromia-rich ceramic, this layer having been rendered electrically conductive through its thickness by the incorporation of silver into the layer,    (2) a method of providing electrical conductivity through metal oxide ceramic material, and    (3) a method of forming a steel component with a heat-resistant and electrically conductive surface layer.
NOVELTY - Coolant (2) and laminate (1) are alternatively laminated on either sides of deteriorated cell (3). Short circuit portions (4) are laminated on either end faces of coolants contacting cell, via powdered conductive filler (5). U-shaped shaft (7) passed via through-hole gas passageway of one short circuit portion and cell, is protruded from another end short circuit portion. Shaft is energized by spring (8).    USE - For processing deteriorated cell of fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Processing of deteriorated cell can be done quickly and easily, without need for special processing equipments. Long term reliability of short circuit. Property is secured, as short circuit portions are laminated on either sides of deteriorated cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for deteriorated cell processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of self stack.    Laminate (1)    Coolant (2)    Deteriorated cell (3)    Short circuit portion (4)    Powdered conductive filler (5)    U-shaped shaft (7)    Spring (8)
NOVELTY - Coolant (2) and laminate (1) are laminated alternatively on either sides of a deteriorated cell (3). Short circuit portions (4) are formed on end faces of laminate which contacts the cell, via powdered conductive filter (5). A shaft (7) passing through gas passageway of cell protrudes from the portion (7), and is energized by spring (8).    USE - For processing deteriorated cell of fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Durability of battery is increased, as short circuit portions are provided on either end faces of laminates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for deteriorated cell processing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of self stack.    Laminate (1)    Coolant (2)    Deteriorated cell (3)    Powdered conductive filter (5)    Shaft portion (7)    Spring (8)
NOVELTY - Several mounting frames (8) are parallely arranged and fixed to the support frames (7) using U-shaped bolts (15). The rectangular solar battery module (1) is attached to the mounting frames with U-bolts. Mounting holes are formed in the restraining member (18) of each solar battery module for receiving the ends of U-bolt.    USE - For solar battery system.    ADVANTAGE - No screw holes are formed in mounting frames, U-bolt are used, thus drilling operation becomes unnecessary and strength of frame structure is not reduced. Assembly time is shortened.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of solar battery system.    Solar battery module (1)    Support frames (7)    Mounting frames (8)    U-shaped bolts (15)    Restraining member (18)
NOVELTY - Raw material gas is introduced in the discharge space of reaction container. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) power supply is applied to decompose the gas and form non-monocrystal semiconductor film of specific thickness on the substrate. Hydrogen plasma surface treatment of the deposited film is performed by applying suitable voltage to cathode (1002) and anode (1004).    USE - For forming non-monocrystal semiconductor film such as amorphous silicon, fine crystal silicon, amorphous silicon-germanium alloy and polycrystalline silicon film on substrate in manufacture of photovoltaic cell e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improves velocity of formation of film without any defects, thus increasing throughput of photovoltaic cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for film forming apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of discharge container of film forming apparatus.    Cathode (1002)    Anode (1004)
NOVELTY - Film deposition is applied to a clear flexible resin composition. The clear flexible resin composition contains a clear filler.    USE - The sealing film is used in the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The clear filler exerts light scattering. The sealing film provides irregular reflection to light passed through the space between cells, or the cells. The resulting light is incident on the cells again. The use of the sealing film enhances the utilization factor of the light incident on the solar battery to enhance power generation efficiency.
NOVELTY - A fire-proof inorganic oxide carrier is contacted with a reactive gas in the presence of a catalyst at 60-150 degrees C. The catalyst is ruthenium and alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal. The hydrogen containing gas is oxidized and carbon monoxide is reduced.    USE - For fuel batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Selective oxidation removal of carbon monoxide is efficiently performed. Poisoning of platinum in fuel battery by carbon monoxide is prevented by formation gas. The battery has long life with stable output.
NOVELTY - A modification reaction part (10) of modifier (20) contains 20-30 weight percent (wt.%) of chromium (Cr) and/or 34-50 wt.% of nickel (Ni) and remainder which contains iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities. The modifier supplies heating gas (21) to modification reaction part and modifies the heating gas in hydrogen enrichment gas.    USE - For modifying hydrocarbon heating gas such as exhaust gas, methanol, naphtha, kerosene, gasoline or liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplied to a fuel battery or an engine.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier provides improved corrosion resistance, electrical resistance, thermal resistance and high temperature strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the modification reaction component used for modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of modifier.    Modification reaction part (10)    Modifier (20)    Heating gas (21)
NOVELTY - The separator has a groove, to supply heating and oxidizing gases to cell, which performs electrochemical reaction. The temperature exchanger exchanges the heat and humidity of the cooling plate having penetration flow through line for communication of heating and oxidizing gas agents. On the reverse side of contact surface end plate (32), the feed pipes (33,34) and discharge pipes (37,39) are provided.    USE - Solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - The danger of oxygen and hydrogen mixing in temperature exchange circles is avoided as temperature exchange area is miniaturized and concentration of piping is avoided. The weight reduction, cost reduction, workability and strength are attained and excellent transient response property is also obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    End plate (32)    Feed pipes (33,34)    Discharge pipes (37,39)
NOVELTY - An antifreeze heater (11) burns the hot gas with oxidizing agent gas, and heats the antifreeze agent with the reaction heat in combustor. A supply unit supplies combustion waste gas ejected from heater to hot gas supply path (6) or oxidizing agent gas supply path (7) of solid state polymeric type fuel battery stack (1).    USE - Solid state polymeric type fuel battery based electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables starting electricity generation system of compact structure safely within short time at high efficiency even when surrounding temperature is below 0 degrees C, since antifreeze agent is heated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model drawing of fuel battery based electricity generation system.    Fuel battery stack (1)    Hot gas supply path (6)    Oxidizing agent gas supply path (7)    Antifreeze heater (11)
NOVELTY - A single cell (4) for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks comprises a fuel electrode (anode), an electrolyte and an air electrode (cathode). It is shaped while bent downwardly with opposite two or four sides of the single cell, thus forming an electrode support type single cell or a self-support (electrolyte support) type single cell each having a reversed U-shaped cross-section.    USE - For SOFC stacks.    ADVANTAGE - The bent support portions of the single cells can be precisely seated in the sealing grooves of the separating plate in the SOFC stack. The single cells are stably held within the SOFC stack irrespective of the external impact or thermal stress.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a SOFC stack structure comprising a first separating plate (8) having gas channels. A second separating plate (9) having sealing grooves is laid on the first separating plate. Channel supports (7) are seated on the gas channels of the first separating plate within the second separating plate. Solid oxide fuel single cells each consisting of a fuel electrode are also provided. The single cells are seated on the second separating plate while positioned on the channel support portions of the single cells being held within the sealing grooves (12) filled with a sealant. A first collector is placed between each of the channel supports and an associated single cell. A second collector (14) is positioned on each of the single cells and an insulating plate (10) on the second separating plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of SOFC stack assembled using the anode support type single cells.    Single cell (4)    Channel supports (7)    First separating plate (8)    Second separating plate (9)    Insulating plate (10)    Sealing grooves (12)    Second collector (14)
NOVELTY - Gas generating reagent pressurizing equipment, comprising a pump for feeding a pressurizing medium to a reagent in a supply container is new.    USE - For pressurizing reagents such as hydrocarbons (e.g. methanol) and optionally water used in a steam reforming or partial oxidation system to generate hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell or possibly in a common rail system for diesel engines or in a common rail ultra-pure water system for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment is simpler and less expensive than conventional pump systems of the same capacity since the pump is kept out of contact with the reagent, especially an aggressive medium, and permits precise and reliable reagent dosing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for pressurizing a reagent using the above equipment.    Preferred Features: The feed pump pressurizes reagents in different supply containers using air or an inert gas, especially nitrogen, as the pressurizing medium, the medium optionally also being used as a reagent of the gas generating system. Reagent transport from the supply containers is controlled by pulse operated valves or by continuously operating valves, especially proportional valves, with variable flow cross-sections. A pressure maintaining valve is used to keep the pressurizing medium at a constant pressure and one or more non-return valves are provided in the piping system. A mobile wall or piston may be provided in the piping system and/or in the supply containers for preventing contact between the pressurizing medium and the reagents.
NOVELTY - Reforming device comprises a monolithic catalyst which carries on a monolith support, a catalyst for a partial oxidation reaction to oxidize a part of the hydrocarbon fuel and a catalyst for a steam reforming reaction to reform the hydrocarbon fuel into a gas containing hydrogen on a monolith support using steam. The support is made up of a number of cells that separate the flow path of the gas into a number of paths.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The degree of effectiveness of the steam reforming reaction is improved.
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide remover (1) comprises an air mixer (2) for mixing air with oxygen-rich gas containing carbon monoxide to produce a mixed gas, and a selectively oxidative catalyst device (3) for oxidizing the carbon monoxide. The mixed gas is fed through the selectively oxidative catalyst device. The catalyst device comprises a gas flow-through pipe (30) having a catalyst bed (40), and a catalyst mixing unit (50) for mixing a part of the mixed gas that flows away from an inner surface of the pipe, and the residual part of the mixed gas that flows near to the inner surface of the pipe.    USE - For a fuel cell production system.    ADVANTAGE - The device has high carbon monoxide selectivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the carbon monoxide remover.    carbon monoxide remover (1)    air mixer (2)    catalyst device (3)    gas flow-through pipe (30)    catalyst bed (40)    catalyst mixing unit (50)
NOVELTY - A carbon fiber woven fabric is prepared by baking a cellulose fabric, and has: (a) 0.05-0.4 mm thickness; (b) at least 0.2 Ohm.cm edgewise volume resistivity; and (c) at least 1500 cc/cm2/h/mmAq gas permeability.    USE - For porous carbon sheets for gas diffusion in solid polymer-type fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fabric has excellent chemical resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, gas permeability and handling properties, and gives a porous sheet with uniform gas permeability. The method uses inexpensive cellulose fabric and gives low-cost high-volume production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the fabric, comprising baking a cellulose fabric in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
NOVELTY - The fuel battery has multiple cells (C') with oxygen pole (2) and fuel electrode in a chamber (B). Hydrocarbon gas from nozzle (12a) and gas exhausted from oxygen pole are mixed. The mixed gas is supplied through multiple stream lines (8) of fuel electrode. A suction portion (12s) of mixer sucks gas from chamber (Fe) and gas is supplied to route (Fi) through outlet (12e).    USE - Fuel electrode.    ADVANTAGE - Internal modification is performed adequately resulting in simplification and size reduction of fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inlet and outlet of fuel electrode stream lines are in contact with supply route and chamber (Fe).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of fuel battery.    Oxygen pole (2)    Multiple stream lines (8)    Nozzle (12a)    Outlet (12e)    Suction portion (12s)    Chamber (B)    Multiple cells (C')
NOVELTY - Crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion layer (105) is deposited for 5-20 min at velocity of 0.036-0.36 mum/hr on n-type layer (104) of thickness 2-50 nm. p-type layer (106) of thickness 2-50 nm is formed on layer (105). The n and p type layers, and layer (105) are formed within identical plasma CVD reaction chamber. Thickness of layer (105) is set as 1-5 mum with deposition velocity as 1 mum/hr.    USE - For manufacturing silicon thin film photoelectric converter used in solar battery, optical sensor.    ADVANTAGE - Improves production efficiency of photoelectric converter at low cost. Improves characteristic of photoelectric converter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows model perspective diagram of photoelectric converter.    N type layer (104)    Silicon photoelectric conversion layer (105)    P type layer (106)
NOVELTY - An insulated layer (2) is formed on the metal plate (1) by sol-gel method using metal alkoxide bath. About 25-75 mass% of insulated inorganic powder (3) having particle size of 0.2-2.0 microns is dispersed on the insulating layer.    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The insulating layer protects the substrate from heat and moisture. The dispersion of inorganic powder improves photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of insulated substrate for solar batteries.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the insulated substrate for solar batteries.    Metal plate (1)    Insulated layer (2)    Inorganic powder (3)
NOVELTY - The heat conduction unit (20) is a continuous structure which is wound around the outer circumference of the shaft (12), such that a portion of the structure is filtrated and fixed by welding or adhesive on the shaft. The continuous structure comprises steel wool which is compressed to fixed thickness, to form a mesh-shape.    USE - For solar battery manufacture, semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - Deposition film is formed uniformly over functional unit. The film forming apparatus is not complicated and power saving is achieved by heating and cooling functional unit efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The heat shaft (1) consists of cylindrical function unit (11) formed on the outer circumference of the shaft (12), which is formed with cooling pipes (18a,18b) connected to cooling unit (19) in longitudinal direction. The shaft (12) comprises an inbuilt heater (15) and heat conduction unit (20) which contacts the internal circumference of functional unit (11) and is formed at center position of shaft (12) in longitudinal direction. The heat conduction unit is connected to power supply (16). A controller connected to cooling unit (19) and power supply (16), controls the respective operations. The continuous structure of heat conduction unit is wound around shaft with a preset interval. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for functional deposition film manufacturing method. The functional unit is maintained in vacuum state inside reaction container. Electricity is passed to heater (15) via heat conduction unit (20) followed by cooling, to form functional deposition film on functional unit (11).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the main and X-X sectional views of functional deposition film forming apparatus.    Heat shaft (1)    Functional unit (11)    Shaft (12)    Inbuilt heater (15)    Power supply (16)    Cooling pipes (18a,18b)    Cooling unit (19)    Heat conduction unit (20)
NOVELTY - Highly oriented carbon film contains graphite layer surface which is perpendicular to c axis.    USE - For electrolyte matrix of batteries, such as gas absorption materials e.g. hydrogen methane, lithium cell and phosphoric acid type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon film which is strongly orientated on the base material surface is obtained. The highly orientated carbon film is formed on a large area surface even at low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of highly oriented carbon film which involves forming graphite layer surface supplied from the raw material gas containing hydrocarbon gas and oxygen and/or hydrogen to the base material surface using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric type fuel battery includes temperature/humidity (T/H) exchanger (2) which performs exfoliation of temperature and humidity of unreacted and reacted gas. Temperature controller controls temperature of fuel battery main body (FBMB) (1) and temperature sensor (19) detects temperature of FBMB. Control unit (8) controls flow rate of unreacted gas to T/H exchanger based on detected temperature.    USE - For use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Battery has high reliability with stabilized workability. The drying of solid polymer electrolyte film is prevented reliably. Using temperature/humidity exchanger optimum temperature or humidity conditions of reactive gas is achieved. The apparatus is simple and compact. As the combustion for heating a cooling medium is supplied to gas feed pipe temperature/humidity exchanger and fuel battery main body, efficient preheating system is made. Fuel is saved and starting time is shortened.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid polymeric type fuel battery includes temperature/humidity exchanger which performs heat exchange between unreacted and reacted gas and exfoliation of water component. The battery having solid polymer electrode film as main body ejects the reacted gas containing excess water vapor, which is made to contact with unreacted gas through water retention porous object. A temperature controller to control the temperature of the main body is provided. A temperature sensor detects the temperature of the fuel battery and humidity sensor detects humidity of reacted gas. A control unit controls the rate of flow of unreacted gas to the temperature/humidity exchanger depending on the temperature of fuel battery main body measured by temperature sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows systematic diagram of solid polymeric type fuel battery.    Fuel battery main body (1)    Temperature/humidity exchanger (2)    Control unit (8)    Temperature sensor (19)
NOVELTY - Metallic silicon is produced by carbothermic reduction of silicon dioxide to silicon carbide using organic reducer and interaction of silicon carbide with silicon dioxide. The method uses silicon dioxide and carbon-containing reducer based on liquid phenol resins as the raw materials.    USE - Production of highly pure silicon used in photoelectronic industry for production of solar panels.    ADVANTAGE - The interaction level of silicon dioxide and carbon reducer, obtained from organic compound, is improved, thus reducing the energy required for the reduction of the silicon oxide and increasing the product yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Metallic silicon is produced by carbothermic reduction of silicon dioxide to silicon carbide using organic reducer and interaction of silicon carbide with silicon dioxide. The method uses silicon dioxide and carbon-containing reducer based on liquid phenol resins as the raw materials. The process is carried out using three stages of thermal treatment: (i) at room temperature up to 160 degreesC at 0.1-0.7 MPa, (ii) up to 800 degreesC in an inert medium and (iii) up to 1700 degreesC in an inert gas medium. The last stage is carried out in two steps: (a) up to 1300-1400 degreesC at 0.1 Pa and then (b) up to 1800 degreesC at 0.01 Pa to 0.1 MPa. The impurity content of the silicon dioxide used is not more than 190 ppm.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell is produced by placing conducting wires between plates of the cell, and applying a force for pressing these plates so that they will penetrate through the insulating materials of the wires.    USE - For use in e.g. solar panels.    ADVANTAGE - Electrochemical cells are firstly formed with electrical and chemical protection of the connections in the same operative step. There is a reduction in needs for high temperature and vacuum environment so that expensive processing equipment are avoided. The wire and the separating barrier, between the cells in a multi-cell assembly, are chemically protected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of an electrochemical cell, which has plates (1, 4) for forming walls of the cell comprises placing conducting wires (7, 9) that are coated with an insulating material, between first (1) and second (4) plates. The second plate is oriented so that its conducting layer (6) contacts the coated wires. A force (F) is then applied for pressing the plates together with a magnitude that allows the plates to penetrate through the insulating materials of the wires, thus, bringing the conducting wires in electrical connection with the conducting layer of the second plate. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the electrochemical cell having plates with conducting layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective cutout view of the consecutive step of the invention where the conducting glass are pressed together.    First plate (1)    First conducting layer (3)    Second plate (4)    Second conducting layer (6)    Coated metal wires (7, 9)    Force (F)
NOVELTY - A glassy carbon thin plate interconnector (4) electrically connects each capacitor in the capacitor stack. Separators (1a,1b) impregnated in electrolyte, provided in capacitor stack respectively separates anode (3a,3b) from cathode (2a,2b).    USE - For fuel battery, solar battery used in electric vehicle, hybrid vehicle, electric power industries, for emergency source and backup power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in precision and non-permeability property of electrolyte. Provides energy storage element flat plate type cell stack with moderate mechanical strength, low cost and high reliability. The glassy carbon thin plate interconnector excels in corrosion resistance and electro conductivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of capacitor stack.    Separators (1a,1b)    Cathodes (2a,2b)    Anodes (3a,3b)    Interconnector (4)
NOVELTY - Fuel battery stack (4) generates electricity using hydrocarbon group fuel and reforming raw material which has water is supplied from modifier (3). The water collectors (9a,9b) collect condensed water from modifier and the heating gas is ejected from gas pipeline (14) to gas pipeline (16). The collected water is then recycled.    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The collected water is recycled without reducing the property of fuel battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of fuel battery.    modifier (3)    fuel battery stack (4)    water collectors (9a,9b)    gas pipelines (14,16)
NOVELTY - The terminals (50) are provided to sequentially laminated separators (100,200,300). The terminals of each separator are commonly connected to connector (27) through measuring cord (13). The solid electrolyte is supported by fuel electrode and oxidating agent electrodes.    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the terminals are connected commonly to a connector, entanglement of cord is avoided, hence insertion and removal of cord becomes easy and reliability of fuel battery stack is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the side view of polymer electrolyte type fuel battery stack.    cord (13)    connector (27)    terminals (50)    laminated separators (100,200,300)
NOVELTY - The heat exchangers (51,52) are provided between waste gas ejected from burner (3) and heating gas from fuel battery. A fuel battery carries out electricity generation using heating gas and oxidizing agent gas from turbo assistant compressor (4) which is rotated using ejected waste gas.    USE - In motor vehicle, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As heat exchanger is provided between burner and fuel battery, temperature control can be done which prevents water vapor condensation. Thus efficient fuel battery system excellent in electricity generation is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid polymer electric type fuel battery system.    Burner (3)    Compressor (4)    Heat exchangers (51,52)
NOVELTY - The separator has laminated structure of back up plate (1A) and conductive oxide board (1B). The back up plate is a porous object having blow holes.    USE - For flat plate type solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Damage due to rapid temperature rise or fall is prevented by providing thermal shock resistance and light weight fuel battery is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for flat plate type solid electrolyte fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of composite separator.    Back up plate (1A)    Conductive oxide board (1B)
NOVELTY - A skin layer which is formed on surface of a portion which forms flow path of heating gas or oxidation gas of a separator, has hydrophilic material. The hydrophilic skin layer is formed on the necessary portion of flow path by carrying out wash down of gas to a laminate, and the separator ejects water produced in flow path of heating gas or oxidation gas, quickly.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since separator ejects water produced in flow path of heating gas or oxidation gas, smooth supply of heating gas or oxidation gas is secured and separator is manufactured easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separator has separator formation member and sheet material which are laminated alternately. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for separator manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The pure cooling water supplied to a fuel battery (1) with a main pump (4) from a main tank (2) is cooled with a heat exchanger (5). A main piping (3), sub-piping (11) and sub-pump (12) are provided for pure cooling water circulation. An ion removal filter (6) in the sub-piping removes the conductive ion in pure cooling water and maintains the conductive ion concentration less than predefined value.    USE - For removing conductive ion in pure cooling water supplied to solid polymeric type fuel battery of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since concentration of conductive ion is maintained less than predefined value, the main piping allows necessary rate of flow of pure cooling water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of fuel battery run system.    Fuel battery (1)    Main tank (2)    Main piping (3)    Main pump (4)    Heat exchanger (5)    Ion removal filter (6)    Sub-piping (11)    Sub-pump (12)
NOVELTY - Substrate (A) on which film is to be formed by applying liquid is held in a holder. A frame (3) is provided to the film forming apparatus to provide a reservoir (Aa) for the liquid applied for film formation.    USE - For forming film on substrates used for the manufacture of liquid crystal panel, solar battery, color filter, semiconductor devices etc..    ADVANTAGE - Completely flattened semiconductor device substrate is obtained through simple process with improved reliability. Short circuit between wiring is inhibited. Manufacturing yield is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of the film forming apparatus.    Frame (3)    Substrate (A)    Reservoir (Aa)
NOVELTY - Sealing material in solar battery module comprises copolymer or ionomer of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid which contains 4 weight percent (wt.%) or more of unsaturated carboxylic acid. The sealing material has melting point of 85degreesC or more.    USE - For sealing solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing material excels in adhesive property, transparency and heat resistance. Deformation or impairing of exterior of solar battery at high temperature at the time of usage of battery module is prevented by sealing material. Use of additives is eliminated. Productivity of the module is increased and manufacturing cost of the module is reduced sharply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module using sealing material.
NOVELTY - A fuel modifier comprises modified pipe (2), burner (1), combustion exhaust gas flow path (4) and heat insulation layer (53) for insulating high temperature periphery portion. At least a portion of flow path wall of flow path (4) is composed of heat insulating layer. Layer (53) is enclosed by heat insulating enclosure member (70) and maintained in airtight condition.    USE - For fuel batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The heat insulation enclosure member prevents deterioration and damage of fuel modifier. The small-sized, lightweight fuel modifier is reliable and durable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel modifier comprises a modified pipe, burner, combustion exhaust gas flow path and heat insulation layer for insulating the high temperature periphery portion. The burner utilizes the combustion exhaust gas and heats the modified raw material such as natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and hydrogen rich gas, passing through modifying pipe and modifies the raw material by passing through catalyst layer (3). At least one portion of the flow path wall lower part of combustion exhaust gas flow path is composed of heat insulating layer and the periphery of the heat insulating layer is surrounded by heat insulation layer enclosure member, maintaining the layer in airtight condition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of fuel modifier.    Burner (1)    Modified pipe (2)    Catalyst layer (3)    Combustion exhaust gas flow path (4)    Heat insulating layer (53)    Heat insulation layer enclosure member (70)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen generating apparatus comprises feeds for fuel, water and oxidant gas; a reforming catalyst; a catalyst heater; a carbon monoxide (CO) shifting catalyst; and a CO purification catalyst. The catalysts are placed in order from the fuel feed toward the downstream side. Fuel and water are fed to the heated reforming zone. Oxidant gas is mixed with both the reformed gas introduced to the shifting zone and the shift gas introduced to the purification zone. At least part of the reformed gas and the shifted gas are oxidized in the shifting and purification zones respectively.    USE - The apparatus is particularly useful as a source of hydrogen in fuel cells for domestic or vehicle use.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus can be started and stopped frequently as the temperature of the catalysts stabilizes quickly. The apparatus is resistant to (i) the vigorous vibrations encountered in vehicle fuel cells and (ii) catalyst scatter between the different catalyst zones. The apparatus can be operated stably for an extended period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure show apparatus for producing hydrogen.    Reforming zone (2)    Shifting zone (6)    Purification zone (10)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical element includes pressure pieces (13, 14) for countering deformation forces transmitted from gas distributors (7, 8) to current collectors (5, 6).    USE - Especially as a fuel cell, membrane electrolyzer or membrane compressor for teaching purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The pressure pieces provide a uniform spacing between the end plates and the current collectors for ensuring current collector shape stability, provide a high applied pressure for reducing the junction resistance with the current collectors and allow simple and rapid assembly of the element.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical element comprises a membrane-electrode unit, located between porous gas distributors (7, 8) and adjacent porous current collectors (5, 6), and clamped rigid end plates (1, 2) which have openings for fuel and oxidant supply and which are held apart from the current collectors by means of seals to form interspaces. Pressure pieces (13, 14) are fixed in the interspaces for imposing a counter-pressure for countering deformation forces applied by the gas distributors (7, 8) onto the current collectors (5, 6).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a front view of a fuel cell in accordance with the invention.    End plates (1, 2)    Sealing elements (3, 4)    Current collectors (5, 6)    Gas distributors (7, 8)    Membrane-electrode unit (9)    End plate openings (12, 12a)    Pressure pieces (13, 14)
NOVELTY - A multi-composition molten carbonate fuel cell electrolyte tape comprises a lower melting temperature carbonate disposed in a centralized active region of the electrolyte tape, and a higher melting temperature carbonate disposed around the periphery of the centralized active region.    USE - The electrolyte tape is used in molten carbonate fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte tape has an improved sealing capability during fuel cell stack heat-up and stack operation. It prevents loss of sealing in the manifold regions of the stack as well as leakage of air into the anode compartment as a result of decreasing the applied pressure or clamping force in the seal areas of the manifolds. It precludes the expulsion of the electrolyte matrix from the wet seals of commercial-area stacks. It reduces the amount of time and equipment required to assure precise control of the clamping pressure and to maintain and prevent stack tilt as a result of electrolyte melting with the resultant stack height shrinkage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising an anode (26), a cathode (27), and a multi-composition electrolyte (20) tape disposed between the anode and cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded perspective view of the single cell unit of a fuel cell stack.    Electrolyte (20)    Anode (26)    Cathode (27)
NOVELTY - The method is carried out by heating raw silicon to 1500-1800 degrees C using a plasma torch whilst rotating the crucible (1) about its axis thus forming a hollow cylindrical melt. The melt formed is then treated by processing mixtures and/or gases directed along the rotation axis.    USE - For silicon purification for use in photo-electronic industry and solar panels.    ADVANTAGE - The purity of silicon with homogeneous distribution of impurities is increased. The purification time, power and material costs are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The finished product is drained when the concentration of impurities reaches a predetermined level. The position of the crucible axis is changed when a certain velocity is reached. The melt cylinder wall thickness can be controlled. The melt treatment is carried out along its inner surface along the rotation axis as well as at an acute angle. The purification unit comprises a rotating crucible and a plasmatron with channels for processing mixture supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the purification unit from the silicon drainage side into the mold    Crucible (1)
NOVELTY - A solar module, having conductor lines (6) and flexible cell fixing spacers on only one of two glass substrates (2, 3), is new.    USE - As a solar module of the type described in DE4128766.    ADVANTAGE - The module has a simple design so that its production costs are reduced by one-third or more compared with conventional modules, can be reused after glass breakage or the like, allows simple replacement of individual solar cells, is weather protected and has little or no sensitivity to stresses in the glass substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar module has two glass substrates (2, 3) joined by an edge sealing spacer frame and enclosing an air-filled interspace (11) containing solar cells (7) which are spaced from the substrates and which are electrically connected by conductor lines. The conductor lines and flexible cell fixing spacers, respectively, are applied on only one of the substrates.    Preferred Features: The interspace (11) is hermetically sealed by the spacer frame and two elastic seals (16, 17).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar module according to the invention.    Glass substrates (2, 3)    Solar cell (7)    Solder bridges (10)    Interspace (11)    Spacer (15)    Seals (16, 17)
NOVELTY - Liquid medium comprising basic polymer with amino group repeating unit, bridging agent and solvent is shaped into membrane configuration to form polymer electrolyte membrane (12). Basic polymer is bridged by the bridging agent in the shaped membrane.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed), electrolyte for display element, electrochromic element or various sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The basic polymer of the membrane has good mechanical strength as the solvent in the liquid medium do not react with bridging agent. The proton conductivity in the basic polymer is impregnated with strong acid thus enabling the membrane to be used as an electrolyte for cells. The polymer electrolyte membrane obtained can be operated at 100degreesC or above. The mechanical strength of the polymer membrane is sufficiently improved when the amount of bridging agent in the liquid medium is 0.05-0.3 mole.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell (10) comprising several single cells. Each single cell comprises a bridged polymer membrane sandwiched between a pair of electrodes (20).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross section of fuel cell.    Fuel cell (10)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (12)    Pair of electrodes (20)
NOVELTY - An optical ultraviolet and infrared coating comprises a repeating pattern of layers formed of two different materials having high and low indices of refraction.    USE - For a solar cell cover used in space applications.    ADVANTAGE - The coating provides an advantage in balancing the stresses produced by the coatings. Because the solar cell cover for space application must have very little weight, it is made as thin as is practical. Thus a relatively small imbalance in the stresses by coatings on the two sides of the cover will cause unacceptable bending. It can be fabricated from two materials, which not only have the required optical properties but which also produces a coating which is favorable for balancing stress.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An optical ultraviolet and infrared coating for a solar cell cover comprises a repeating pattern of layers formed of two different materials H and L. The materials H and L have high and low indices of refraction and transmitting of solar energy within the band of wavelengths to which the solar cell is sensitive and a layer consisting of material M. The coating is disposed on a substrate that includes an optical ultraviolet and infrared reflective coating. The coating has a spectral response for transmitting solar energy within a band or wavelengths to which a solar cell is sensitive and promoting reflection of solar energy on either side of the band of wavelengths. The layer consisting of the material M consists of a homogeneous mixture of materials H and L and displaying an index of refraction between the indices of materials H and L. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a solar cell cover comprising a substrate and an optical ultraviolet infrared reflective coating disposed on the substrate; and    (B) a method of optimizing an optical ultraviolet and infrared reflective coating for a solar cell cover.
NOVELTY - Catalyst composition is designed as 40-70 weight percents of zirconium oxide powder and 30-60 weight percents of gold.    USE - Electrical engineering, in particular, fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Increased efficiency, decreased usage of gold.
(KR99070596-A)   NOVELTY - A membrane and electrode assembly is fabricated by coating an electrocatalyst ink on a pre-formed perfluorosulfonyl fluoride copolymer sheet, embedding electrocatalyst coats into the sheet by hot pressing the electrocatalyst-coated sheet, and hydrolyzing the electrocatalyst-embedded sheet. The catalyst ink comprises carbon-supported platinum, glycerol, and water.    USE - The method is used for fabricating membrane and electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The PEMFC is used as an electric power source for, e.g. automobiles, as transportable electric source or an on-site power source.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method is simpler and economically much more favorable than the conventional methods which use Nafion solution. The MEA fabricated by the method is far superior to conventional MEAs in the bonding strength between electrode and membrane and in the effective electrode reaction on the three-phase boundary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fabrication of membrane and electrode assembly (MEA) involves pre-forming a perfluorosulfonyl fluoride copolymer powder into a sheet by hot pressing process at 200-250degreesC, coating an electrocatalyst ink on either side of pre-formed sheet by screen printing process and drying the coats, embedding the electrocatalyst coats into the sheet by hot pressing the electrocatalyst-coated sheet, and hydrolyzing the electrocatalyst-embedded sheet to convert the membrane of the sheet from a non-ionized form into an ionized form. The ink comprises carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C), glycerol, and water in the absence of perfluorinated sulfonyl fluoride binder. The copolymer powder has 20-200 mum particle size distribution.
NOVELTY - Substrate is fixed to stand (32) and rotated by revolving shaft (33). When substrate is rotated, etching liquid is supplied to separated layer (12c') of substrate for a predetermined time and amount of etching performed by chemical reaction of etching liquid is adjusted.    USE - For manufacture of solar battery to be used in motor vehicle, portable electric products.    ADVANTAGE - Etching of separated substrate is uniformly performed, as etching solution is supplied to entire surface of separated layer by rotating the substrate provided on stand through revolving shaft. Generation of over etching on etched layer is suppressed by limiting chemical reaction by etching liquid to a predetermined time. Necessity to change substrate layer materials provided behind separated layer is eliminated, as they do not contact etching liquid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing process of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view showing partial cross-section of etching device.    Separated layer (12c')    Stand (32)    Revolving shaft (33)
NOVELTY - Heat is generated by oxidation reaction of the heating gas. Feed pipe (70) supplies oxidation gas which contains oxygen to the heating gas respectable. A heater (40) heats the fuel battery (30), using the heat produced by the heating gas.    USE - For power generation using fuel batteries like solid polymeric type fuel battery, phosphoric acid type fuel battery, etc.    ADVANTAGE - As the fuel battery is heated to required temperature quickly using heater, energy efficiency of the fuel battery is raised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery system.    Fuel battery (30)    Heater (40)    Feed pipe (70)
NOVELTY - A mixture of anode and cathode waste gases of a fuel battery (20) is burnt in a catalyzed combustion vessel (36) and is supplied to combustor (38) of a gas turbine (44). A portion of the compressed air supplied from a compressor (42) to the combustor, is supplied to cathode of the fuel battery.    USE - For generating power using fuel battery and gas turbines.    ADVANTAGE - As low calorie anode and cathode waste gases are burnt in catalyzed combustion vessel, composite efficiency of fuel battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of combined cycle power generation system.    Fuel battery (20)    Catalyzed combustion vessel (36)    Combustor (38)    Compressor (42)    Gas turbine (44)
NOVELTY - When the detected voltage of fuel battery (1) is larger than a threshold, the supply capability of oxidation gas supplier is increased by a controller (5) so that supply amount of gas is increased.    USE - Solid polymer type fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - Materializes high efficiency run and size reduction of fuel battery system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a program product.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery system.    Fuel battery (1)    Controller (5)
NOVELTY - Separator (20) has convex portions (40) forming the flow path for fluids such as heating gas, oxidation gas and cooling medium and changing the fluid flow direction. Convex portions, bending ribs (42a-42d) and flow path formation ribs (34,36,38) are integrally formed on the surface of the separator.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Supplies heating gas and oxidation gas equally and improves battery property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the separator for fuel battery.    Separator (20)    Flow path formation ribs (34,36,38)    Convex portion (40)    Bending ribs (42a-42d)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide (CO) in modified hydrogen is transformed in the presence of high activity catalyst and oxygen at predetermined temperature by CO transformation A and reduction is carried out to predetermined value. Transformation and removal of CO remained in modified hydrogen after CO reduction is carried out in the presence of low activity catalyst at predetermined temperature by CO transformation B.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen useful for fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Regeneration of CO is prevented by reverse shift reaction. The modified hydrogen by CO transformer provides high efficiency battery. A compact hydrogen generator with high heat energy is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (i) CO transformer, which comprises an introductory line (13) for introducing modified hydrogen connected to CO transformation part A (18) for transforming CO in modified hydrogen and an unit for supplying oxygen to CO transformation part B (22) through transfer line; (ii) Hydrogen generator (10), which comprises modified part (12) for modifying hydrocarbon raw material to form modified hydrogen, CO transformation part (14), a piping for providing hydrocarbon raw material and air piping.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire composition of hydrogen generator.    Hydrogen generator (10)    Modified part (12)    Introductory line (13)    CO transformer part (14)    Co transformation part A (18)    CO transformer part B (22)
NOVELTY - The modifier is equipped with a modifying part which converts methanol or dimethyl ether to hydrogen using a modifying catalyst. The modifying part consists of a corrugated fin (2) pinched between modifying catalyst sheets (1,3) comprising copper and zinc as modifying catalyst. The raw material gas is made to pass through the corrugated fin.    USE - For movable fuel battery used for electric vehicles and general power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The modifier consists of catalyst thin sheet and corrugated fin therefore, time for filling is shortened. The methanol and dimethyl ether can be effectively converted to hydrogen. The modifier is compact. The CO concentration can be reduced effectively. The gas seal sheet prevents short circuit leakage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows flow path sectional drawing and composition of catalyst thin film laminate.    Modifying sheets (1,2)    Corrugated fin (2)    Seal sheet (5)
NOVELTY - A resin composition comprises: (A) 100 weight parts of a resin composed of 0-99 wt.% epoxy resin and 1-100 wt.% polyimide resin; and (B) 40-900 parts of filler(s) selected from graphite, ketjen black, acetylene black, furnace carbon black and thermal carbon black.    USE - The resin composition is used in fuel cell separators and sealing materials (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition can contain a large amount of filler, has excellent moldability and provides molded products having both high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) a fuel cell separator and (2) a sealing material made from the composition in which (A) is 100% polyimide.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system for generating electrical energy from a fuel gas produced in a steam reformer includes a compressor for pressurizing the oxidizing gas supply to the reformer.    USE - The system is useful for generating electrical energy from hydrocarbon-based fuels, e.g. methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The second compressor overcomes the pressure drop in the steam reformer, ensuring that the exit gas from the fuel cell is under sufficient pressure to be supplied to the combustion unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system comprises:    (a) a fuel cell for generating electrical energy from a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas;    (b) a combustion unit for burning the exit gas from the fuel cell;    (c) an oxidizing gas supply unit comprising a first compressor coupled to a turbine driven by the exhaust gas from the combustion unit, for pressurizing the oxidizing gas and supplying it to the fuel cell;    (d) a steam reformer for converting a hydrocarbon-based fuel to fuel gas; and    (e) a second compressor for further compressing part of the pressurized oxidizing gas and supplying it to the steam reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system of the solid polymer electrolyte type.    Steam reformer (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Combustion unit (3)    Turbine (41)    First compressor (43)    Second compressor. (51)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical cell frame (21) having a membrane side and a screen assembly side comprises (a) fluid transportation conduits, and (b) an integral protector portion (42) having an extension protruding from the membrane side of the frame.    USE - The electrochemical cells are electrolysis cells, fuel cells or batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The protector portion prevents the edge of the screen assemblies from pinching, cutting or otherwise damaging the membrane. There are fewer parts per cell assembly. The assembly is simplified, reducing the cost and rendering the assembly more reliable. The integral protector inhibits electrolysis outside of the cell active area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an electrochemical cell stack comprising    (i) a membrane disposed between an anode and a cathode to form a membrane assembly,    (ii) screen assemblies, and    (iii) cell frames, each having an integral protector portion. The membrane assembly is disposed between the cell frames, in intimate contact with the membrane side of the cell frames, and one of the screen assemblies is disposed on each of the screen assembly sides of the cell frames, in intimate contact with both of the integral protector portion and the membrane assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the cell frame.    Cell frame (21)    Protector portion (42)    Screen assembly (43)    Crimped portion (50)
NOVELTY - A collector electrode (5) is installed on a silicon PN-junction structure (4) which is formed on a heat-resistant substrate (1). A porous silicon layer (2) with effective refractive index smaller than that of structure (4), is formed inbetween the structure (4) and the substrate.    USE - Thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since thin silicon porous layer is used, the amount of silicon raw material used is reduced. Since diffusion of impurities from substrate via the silicon porous film is avoided, quality PN-junction structure is realized. Since the refractive index of porous silicon layer is smaller than that of PN-junction structure, porous layer utilizable as a reflex layer is obtained and the transformation efficiency of solar battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of thin film solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of manufacturing method of solar battery.    Heat-resistant substrate (1)    Porous silicon layer (2)    PN-junction structure (4)    Collector electrode (5)
NOVELTY - Silicon thin film is formed on a heat resistant substrate by plasma spraying process. The Si fine particle in the Si film is melted and recrystallized in atmosphere of inert gas containing nitrogen.    USE - For manufacturing polycrystalline solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient solar battery can be manufactured at low cost and at high speed by recrystallizing the silicon film easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic sectional view of thermal spraying apparatus.
NOVELTY - The substrate is made of polyamide material. A mask layer (5) made of polyamideimide, polyimide or poly benzimidazole material is formed on the substrate.    USE - For photoelectric converter e.g. thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The composition of substrate and mask layer, increases heat resistance of mask layer, and avoids generation of gas during thin film formation under process temperature. Improves peelability of mask layer and eases formation of thin film of desired pattern.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mask layer is formed on insulating substrate (1). A thin film of predetermined pattern is formed on the substrate and mask layer, after which the mask layer is peeled off from the surface of the substrate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the part of photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Mask layer (5)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen generating unit supplied with water condensed from the generated hydrogen gas and/or from the cathode off-gas.    USE - The fuel cell system is especially useful as an electric vehicle fuel cell system with an integral hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative steam reformer for hydrogen generation.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides extremely efficient water utilization to provide good dynamic properties under fluctuating load conditions and, if required, can have a relatively compact construction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system has a water recovery system (13, 15, 16) for condensing water from the process gas delivered by a hydrogen generating unit and/or from the fuel cell cathode off-gas and for returning the condensed water into the water supply system (9, 10a, 10b, 10c) of the hydrogen generating unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of a fuel cell system according to the invention.    Fuel cell (1)    Fuel cell membrane (2)    Fuel cell anode (3)    Fuel cell cathode (4)    Product gas line (5)    Conversion reactor (6)    Shift reactor (7)    Hydrogen separation membrane (7b)    Water tank (9)    Conversion reactor water feed line (10a)    Shift reactor water feed line (10b)    Cathode water feed line (10c)    First condenser (13)    Second condenser (15)    Water return line (16)    Common cooling circuit (17)    First heat exchanger (20)    Residual gas expansion unit (21)    Product gas pump unit (22)    Second heat exchanger (23)    Mixer unit (24)    Catalytic combustion unit (27)    Combustion gas expansion unit (28)    Air feed pump unit (29, 30)
NOVELTY - The colorless, transparent polyamic acid solution is prepared by reacting at least one aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with at least one para-substituted aromatic diamine in an organic polar solvent.    USE - The films are particularly useful in liquid crystal display devices, fiber optic cable coatings, waveguides, and protective coatings for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polyimides overcome the discoloration problems of conventional polyimide films.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transparent polyamic acid solution is prepared by reacting at least one aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of formula (I) with at least one p-substituted aromatic diamine in an organic polar solvent.    X = -O-, -S-,-SO-,-SO2-, -CH2-, -CF2-, -C(CH3)2-, -C(CF3)2- or a direct bond, and the p-substituted aromatic diamine(s) is of formula (II) or (III);    Y = -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CH2-, -CF2-, -C(CH3)2-, -C(CF3)2-, -CO- or a direct bond.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a transparent polyimide coating or film comprising at least one recurring structural unit of either formula (IV) or (V);    X and Y = as above    (2) a process for preparing a colorless, transparent polyimide coating or film comprising preparing a polyamic acid solution by reacting at least one aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with at least one p-substituted aromatic diamine, and optionally with at least one meta-substituted aromatic diamine in a solvent, forming a coating or film and imidizing the polyamic acid in the coating o film to a polyimide.
NOVELTY - A catalyst bed (2) comprises a monolithic open cell foam member having a lattice (4); and a catalyst. The lattice defines interconnected interstices, and it has a core which is provided with a high surface area wash coat layer on all surfaces of the core. The catalyst is deposited on the wash coat layer.    USE - Used in fuel processing system that catalytically renders a fuel gas stream useful for fueling fuel cell power plant.    ADVANTAGE - The use of an open cell lattice enables the formation of very compact, light weight, and high surface area catalyst bed with excellent gas flow-through characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming the catalyst bed, comprising providing the monolithic open cell foam member having lattice with core; forming a wash coat layer on all surfaces of the core; and depositing the catalyst on the wash coat layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a perspective view of the open cell foam catalyst bed.    Catalyst bed (2)    Lattice (4)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide conversion apparatus for fuel cells has a reaction vessel having gas outlet and inlet containing a catalyst comprising at least platinum or palladium on a support having basic spots on the surface.    USE - The converter can be used for instantaneously carrying out a starting operation for modifying a gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam so the carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide while generating hydrogen. The fuel cell generating system is effective in e.g. domestic or vehicle power sources.    ADVANTAGE - The modification treatment can be carried out at increased temperature. The operation which prevents inhibition of the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen with carbon monoxide is performed effectively and instantly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell generating system comprising a reformer which converts raw material fuel to hydrogen-rich reformed gas, a carbon monoxide converter as above into which reformed gas from the reformer is introduced, and a fuel cell having fuel electrodes into which reformed gas from the reformer is introduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a drawing showing the carbon monoxide converter used in the fuel cell generating system.    Carbon Monoxide Converter (40)    Reactor (41)    Gas Supply Tube (42)    Gas Exhaust Tube (43)    Plates (441, 442)    Catalyst (45)    Cooling Coil (46)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic cell (1) has electrically conducting glass support plates (2, 3) provided with a seal around the edges. Conducting pathways (7, 8) are formed over the electrically conducting layers and are protected up to the cell interior against corrosion by an insulating coating (10).    USE - Used as solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has a simple construction and sufficient sealing. Optimum adhesion of the electrically conducting layers to the glass substrate is produced and the formation of large bubbles when coating the glass coating is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a photovoltaic cell comprising applying parallel electrical pathways to support plates by screen printing, drying at 500, especially 600o C, annealing and providing with an insulating coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a photovoltaic cell.    photovoltaic cell (1)    support plates (2, 3)    conducting pathways (7, 8)    insulating coating (10)    electrically conducting layer (11, 12)    seal (13)
NOVELTY - Photovoltaic element produced by sputtering under vacuum using RF power to generate plasma. Zinc oxide layer (102) is deposited which contains fluorine. Fluorine content increases through the thickness of the layer from the substrate interface to the layer surface. RF power is varied during deposition and the sputter gas is irradiated with microwaves.    USE - Photovoltaic element used for solar cell, photodiode, electrophotography, light emitting element.    ADVANTAGE - Separation of layers is prevented. Short circuit is prevented in the element containing Ag, Al or In, even when bias voltage is applied for long time periods.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the layers of the photovoltaic element.    Substrate (101)    Zinc oxide film (102)
NOVELTY - A solid oxide fuel cell stack comprises planar integral component fuel cell units and flat flexible metallic foil interconnect. The interconnect is disposed between a porous anode layer and a porous cathode layer of adjacent integral component fuel cell units.    USE - For the direct production of electricity from standard fuel materials including fossil fuels, and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The invention eliminates the need for glass seals between the cell units and interconnect. It can be subjected to rapid thermal variations in temperature without cracking. Thermal expansion matching between components is not necessary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid oxide fuel cell stack (20) comprises planar integral component fuel cell units (10). Each fuel cell unit comprises a porous anode layer, porous cathode layer, and a dense electrolyte layer between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The porous anode layer forms parallel fuel gas channels on an anode surface facing away from the dense electrolyte layer and extending from a first anode side to an opposite anode side. The porous cathode layer forms parallel oxidant gas channels (12) on a cathode surface facing away from the dense electrolyte layer and extending from a first cathode side to an opposite cathode side. A flat flexible metallic foil interconnect (13) is disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer of adjacent integral component fuel cell units.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a five-cell solid oxide fuel cell stack.    Fuel cell units (10)    End plate (11)    Gas channels (12)    Interconnect (13)    Fuel stack (20)
NOVELTY - Transparent photo-semiconductor layer (21-a) and transparent electroconductive electrode (22) are sequentially formed on transparent electroconductivity substrate (20). The semiconductor layer chosen from IIIa group elements in periodic table has light absorbency of 0.8 or less for visible light of wavelength 400-800 nm.    USE - In self powered display unit.    ADVANTAGE - Since transparent semiconductor layer and electrode are provided, efficiency of solar battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) solar battery manufacturing method;    (b) self powered display unit    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates the schematic diagram of solar battery.    Substrate (20)    Photo semiconductor layer (21-a)    Electroconductivity electrode (22)
NOVELTY - An evaporator comprising a duplex tube composed of an inner tube and an outer tube and a cylindrical sintered metal tube interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, wherein an objective evaporated fluid infiltrated in the sintered metal tube is evaporated by heating the inner tube and/or the outer tube.    USE - The evaporator is suitable for evaporating methanol and water used in a fuel reforming system of a solid polymeric fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an enlarged cross sectional view of a portion of an evaporator for a fuel cell    Heating Medium (8)    Vapor (9b)    Inner Tube (11)    Outer Tube (12)    Fluid Supply Tube (12c)    Duplex Tube (13)    Sintered Metal Tube (14)
NOVELTY - At least one direct aqueous alcohol fuel cell (12) for producing electrical energy and a direct alcohol and water transfer device (14) for recovering alcohol and water leaving the plant and transferring them back to the plant are included in the recovery apparatus (10).    USE - For power generation applications. e.g. in spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Effective recovery reduces the rate of crossover from an anode side of the cell through a cell electrolyte to the cathode side.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Recovery system (10) comprises:    (a) direct aqueous alcohol fuel cell power plant device (12) to produce electrical energy;    (b) an oxidant inlet passage (38) that passes process oxidant stream into the fuel cell;    (c) a plant exhaust passage (42) receiving exhaust stream; and    (d) a direct alcohol and water transfer device (14) secured in fluid communication with the oxidant inlet passage and plant exhaust passage.    The direct transfer device has:    (i) a mass transfer medium (50) for sorbing polar molecules within the exhaust stream and desorbing the fluid; and    (ii) a separator housing (52) to support the mass transfer medium, so both streams come into contact with the medium and prevent bulk mixing of the exhaust and processing streams.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of an alcohol and water recovery system for a fuel cell power plant.    alcohol and water recovery system (10)    fuel cell (12)    direct alcohol and water transfer device (14)    oxidant inlet passage (38)    plant exhaust passage (42)    mass transfer medium (50)    separator housing (52)
NOVELTY - The substrate has a pattern of regularly spaced nucleation sites, where each of the spacings between adjacent nucleation sites corresponds to a respective lattice constant of a single crystal of a predefined substance.    USE - Using the process above, large area semiconductors can be grown on amorphous glass substrates used for producing solar cells and large area flat panel displays.    ADVANTAGE - Process allows the growth of any crystal structure on amorphous substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) the definition of the pattern of regularly spaced nucleation sites; and    (2) the production of the device above using a pattern imprinting process where beams of nucleating species are passed through a single crystal mask for implantation into the substrate to imprint the substrate with the pattern described above.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the channeling of an ion beam to form a single crystal layer on a silicon dioxide layer.
NOVELTY - A maintenance sealant (3) made of inorganic fiber of low organic component content, is sewed to form a thin mat-like structure. Fixed goods (5) made of low organic component content, has protrusion so that it is clamped to outer circumferential surface of the sealant. The sealant is arranged to the periphery of catalyst holder (4). A cylindrical metal shell (2) covers the periphery of the catalyst holder.    USE - For manufacturing catalytic converter used for fuel battery reforming machines mounted on motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the catalytic converter excels in attachment property, the deterioration of catalyst is prevented. As fixed goods and sealant are made of low organic content component, deterioration of catalyst is further prevented, reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows disassembled isometric notched view of catalytic converter.    Metal shell (2)    Sealant (3)    Holder (4)    Fixed goods (5)
NOVELTY - Air pole and fuel electrode side partitions (1a,1b) are formed in tank (1) and connected, mutually. Primary and secondary electrodes (3,4) are provided at lower and upper sides of the tank which is filled with electrolyte (2). Power supply is connected to primary electrode. An electric drive unit for power generation confirmation is connected at middle of connection wiring of secondary electrode.    USE - In e.g. fuel battery power generation system and also used in exhibition hall.    ADVANTAGE - Does not have the need of preparing gas cylinder in order to supply the gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front elevation of imitation power generator.    Tank (1)    Fuel electrode side partitions (1a,1b)    Electrolyte (2)    Electrodes (3,4)
NOVELTY - Methane is added to combustion exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide gas ejected from natural gas electricity generation process during which natural gas is burnt with oxygen. Methane reacts with carbon dioxide in modification-reaction process to obtain syngas.    USE - For natural gas electricity generation for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon dioxide-gas generation per unit electricity generation is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the natural gas-electricity generation process.
NOVELTY - Glass substrate includes an undercoat of a crystalline metal oxide (12) for imparting roughness between the base glass plate (10) and a continuous alkali barrier film (14).    USE - The glass substrate is used as a substrate for an amorphous silicon solar cell. The glass substrate can also be used in electronic calculators, watches and sensors. The glass substrate can be used alone as an electromagnetic shielding glass.    ADVANTAGE - The formation of hair cracks in the transparent conductive film is prevented even when it has a thickness of at least 5000 Angstrom. A high-quality, highly reliable glass substrate is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A glass substrate is used as a substrate on which a film for a functional element can be laminated to form a laminate structure. The glass substrate comprises:    (i) an alkali-containing base glass plate (10) having a smooth surface;    (ii) an undercoat (12) made of a crystalline metal oxide having a thickness at least 150 Angstrom for imparting roughness;    (iii) a continuous alkali barrier film (14) made of silicon dioxide and having a sufficiently small thickness so as to reflect the surface roughness of the undercoat; and    (iv) a transparent conductive film (16) made of tin oxide (SnO2) doped with one or more impurities and having a thickness at least 5000 Angstrom.    Film (16) has an adhesion strength of at least 37 mN as measured in accordance with '' Adhesion Test for Thin Film Deposited on Glass Substrate'' as provided for in JIS R3255-1997.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a laminate structure comprising the above glass substrate and a film for a functional element; and    (b) a coated glass comprising (i), (ii), (ii) and (iv).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram illustrates the coating structure of a glass substrate.    Base glass plate (10)    Undercoat (12)    Continuous alkali barrier film (14)    Transparent conductive film (16)
NOVELTY - Membrane module comprises one or more separating elements (1) containing a porous substrate (2) which has an active coating (3). The substrate is made of an electrically conducting material and an electrical heating current circuit (4) is provided into which the substrate is looped as Ohmic heat resistor.    USE - For selectively removing a permeate gas of a gas mixture from the remaining residual gas, especially for removing hydrogen from product gas produced in a reforming reaction in fuel cells of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Relatively low energy is used during cold start.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the membrane module.    separating elements (1)    porous substrate (2)    active coating (3)    electrical heating current circuit (4)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen production plant includes a permeate purification stage (12) for treating of permeate gas to reduce pollutant gases.    USE - Used for producing fuel, fuel cell system, etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen production plant has a one or multi-staged converter reactor(s) to convert hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivatives into a hydrogen containing product gas. A reactor stage is formed by membrane reactor (2), which contains a reaction chamber (7) and a permeation membrane (8) acting as a barrier to selectively separate hydrogen-rich permeate gas from product gas in the reaction chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a schematic view of the plant.    permeate purification plant (12)    membrane reactor (2)    reaction chamber (7)    permeation membrane (8)    first reactor stage (1)
NOVELTY - Process for the recovery of solar energy comprises using a thin layer solar cell (1) and removing thermal energy using an air heat exchanger or a water heat exchanger below the cell. A heat insulating upper cover (5.1) is placed above the cell.    USE - Used is solar cells for recovering solar energy by the combined conversion into electrical and thermal energy.    ADVANTAGE - Removal of thermal energy to the surroundings through the upper cover is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar cell used in the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of a thin layer hybrid module.    solar cell (1)    heat insulating upper cover (5.1)
NOVELTY - Production of a water (preferably H3O+ ion)-selective permeable polymer membrane, especially a polyelectrolyte membrane for methanol fuel cells, is such that the membrane (1) is coated with a thin crosslinked polymer layer (3) by plasma-polymerization.    USE - In treating of water-selective (e.g. perfluorinated polysulfone) membranes for methanol fuel cells used for the production of electricity by oxidation.    ADVANTAGE - Coating of the membrane greatly reduces the MeOH permeability without affecting water permeability, reductions by a factor of 10 for MeOH-crossover being achievable. Further, the coatings have a smooth surface and good adhesion to the base membrane, and cells using the coated membranes have a long life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the coated membrane.
NOVELTY - Device for controlling the output of a fuel cell stack comprises a probe for measuring the partial pressure in the reaction gas in the process gas line of the stack and an electrical control unit connected to it. The control unit compares the output signal with the actual output of the stack and the partial pressure of the reaction gas in the process gas, and the process gas introduced is adjusted.    USE - For regulating a drive unit of an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The output of an air-driven fuel cell stack is simply and directly controlled.
NOVELTY - A solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell comprises catalyst layers disposed on the opposite faces of a solid polyelectrolyte consisting of ion-exchange membranes, and collectors disposed on outer sides of the layers, wherein the collects are made of a porous sheet with its surface coated with a solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer without any ion-exchange groups.    USE - The process is for making solid polymer-type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has a long-lasting water-repellent, low-resistant collector, which is operable with high, stable output efficiency for an extended period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell comprises catalyst layers disposed on the opposite faces of a solid polyelectrolyte consisting of ion-exchange membranes, and collectors disposed on outer sides of the layers, wherein the collects are made of a porous sheet with its surface coated with a solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer without any ion-exchange groups. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing the cells comprising applying catalyst layers on both faces of the solid polyelectrolyte and placing at their outside collectors consisting of a porous sheet, wherein the collectors are obtained by impregnating or spraying the porous sheet with a solvent-soluble fluorine-containing polymer substantially without ion-exchange groups.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises film-electrode units, each including a solid polymer electrolyte on a film between a fuel electrode and an air electrode, and the film-electrode units are stacked with separators between them. The separator is composed of a metal-nonmetal composite, which includes a fuel gas channel, an oxidant channel, and a coolant channel.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises a plurality of film-electrode units, each including solid polymer electrolyte on film between a fuel electrode and an air electrode, and the film-electrode units are stacked with separators between them. The separator is composed of a metal-nonmetal composite, which includes a fuel gas channel, an oxidant channel, and a coolant channel. The separator has metal faces in contact with the coolant channel and nonmetal faces in contact with the film-electrode units. Since the separator is lightweight, airtight and capable of maintaining its shape, the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell can maintain its stabilized high performance for a long time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram depicts the fuel cell of the invention.
NOVELTY - The catalyst ink comprises fluorocarbon polymer particle with particle size of 1-12 microns, and a catalytic material.    USE - For membrane electrode assemblies (claimed) used in fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell containing membrane electrode assemblies operate at low air flow rates and removes water at the electrode effectively with minimal use of evaporative process. The power source used by the fuel cell is made small.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Preparing catalyst ink. The method involves mixing water, fluorocarbon polymer particle having a particle size of preferably 1-4 microns, and catalyst material at room temperature.    (ii) Making electrode assembly which involves applying catalyst ink at room temperature to at least one side of a substrate.    (iii) Fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The metallic particles are dispersed in a reaction mixture containing sodium hexafluoro acetyl acetonate and hexane and left for sufficient time during which the corrosive surface is etched and passive layer is formed.    USE - For metallic particles.    ADVANTAGE - The passivated aluminum particulate annealed with p-type silicon has favorable current-voltage characteristics. The electrical conductivity of the etched and passivated metal contacts is improved effectively. The formation of passive layer after etching renders the particle stable to oxidizing and hydrous environment. The etching of the corrosive oxide and hydroxide layer is carried out at low temperature.
NOVELTY - An epitaxial thin film comprises epitaxial buffer layer of perovskite oxides, i.e. strontium titanate, lanthanum aluminate, or strontium lanthanum aluminate formed on a textured metal substrate.    USE - For use as buffer layer for high temperature superconductors, electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells, gas separation membrane, or dielectric material in electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Epitaxial thin films have pore-free, ideal grain boundaries, and dense structure. The films form low-loss dielectric layers with extremely high permittivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) an electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell, comprising an epitaxial thin film;    (b) a solid oxide fuel cell comprising anode layer, electrolyte layer comprising epitaxial thin film on the anode layer, and cathode layer on the electrolyte layer;    (c) a gas separation membrane comprising a thin film that is dense, gas-tight and pinhole free;    (d) a capacitor comprising conductive portions, and dielectric layer comprising an epitaxial thin film; and    (e) process of forming epitaxial buffer layer comprising providing textured metal substrate, and combustion chemical vapor depositing on the substrate a buffer layer of strontium titanate (SrTiO3), lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3), or strontium lanthanum aluminate (SrLaAlO4).
NOVELTY - An electrochemical device comprises several single fuel cells connected in series and at least a bipolar plate disposed between adjacent cells. Each fuel cell is comprised of an anode, a cathode and a separator containing electrolyte. The bipolar plate is comprised of titanium carbide (TiC).    USE - For producing electric energy or desired chemical compounds by interconverting electrical and chemical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The molded TiC bipolar plates are electrochemically more stable in various acidic medium and in potentials greater than 0.8-1.2 vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and exhibit superior corrosion resistance than commercially available carbon or graphite catalyst supports. The corrosion current in 190degreesC 100 wt.% PAFC having molded TiC plate increases much more slowly with increasing potential than that of a PAFC having carbon plate. The molded TiC plate have superior electrical conductivity (5 times that of graphite), allow greater flexibility in the design of the plate and are easy to fabricate. Cost of molding the TiC plate is much less than cost to machine them. TiC are suitable for use in bipolar regenerative PEM fuel cells, lead-acid batteries, water electrolyzers.
NOVELTY - A transparent electrically sensitive conductive film (2) is formed on one surface of transparent substrate (1). An iodine electrolyte layer (3) is injected to the gap between conductive film (2) and pigment sensitization semiconductor electrode (4).    USE - Pigment sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The leakage is not generated for longer period.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for pigment sensitization type solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of pigment sensitization type solar battery.    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrically sensitive conductive film (2)    Iodine electrolyte layer (3)    Semiconductor electrode (4)
NOVELTY - Fuel battery has fuel supply line (51), oxygen (O2) supply line (63) to supply fuel and O2. An exhaust line (58) and oxygen exhaust (66) eject the combusted fuel and oxidized agent. The driving of turbine is carried out by the steam generated by a combustor (59).    USE - For power generation plant.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal efficiency is enhanced enabling effective power generation. The combined fuel battery do not generate heat above the predetermined level without affecting the cycle connection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of combined fuel battery.    Fuel supply line (51)    Exhaust line (58)    Combustor (59)    Supply line (63)    Oxygen exhaust (66)
NOVELTY - Membrane-type fuel cell gas electrode production involves impregnating heat treated carbon with a platinum anion solution and chemically reducing the platinum.    USE - Especially in a PEM fuel cell useful for electric vehicle applications.    ADVANTAGE - Conventional electrochemical reduction of the platinum anions is replaced by simple chemical reduction which can be carried out by non-specialist personnel after electrode production and optionally after mounting in the fuel cell and which is applicable to large surfaces at minimal cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a gas electrode for a membrane-type fuel cell comprises subjecting carbon to heat treatment, and then impregnation with a solution of platinum anions prior to mixing the carbon with an ionic solution and deposition of the mixture on a carbonaceous support, the platinum being reduced by a chemical method.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell having one or more electrodes produced by the above process.    Preferred Features: Chemical reduction is carried out by electrode immersion in a molecular hydrogen saturated aqueous solution or by exposure to a gaseous hydrogen stream.
NOVELTY - A electrode assembly comprising a gas diffusion electrode with a metallic edging material bonded to its peripheral part.    USE - For e.g. electrolysis of sodium chloride.    ADVANTAGE - Provides satisfactory electrode plate handleablility, can be easily sealed and free from liquid leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process of producing a gas diffusion electrode assembly which involves bringing a metallic edging material into contact with a peripheral part of a gas diffusion electrode (1) which comprises superposed gas diffusion electrode (1) constituents comprising a reaction layer sheet (2), a gas feed layer sheet (6) and a collector sheet (4) and which contains a fluororesin; and hot-pressing the assemblage at a temperature of from the melting point of the fluororesin to 400 degreesC and at pressing pressure of at least 5 kg/cm2 to bond the edging material to the gas diffusion electrode (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagrams show sectional views of the gas diffusion electrode assembly.    Gas diffusion electrode (1)    Reaction layer sheet (2)    Collector sheet (4)    Gas geed layer sheet (6)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell process gas humidifying and compressing equipment, comprising a membrane humidifier and a side channel type compressor with an integrated humidifier, is new.    USE - Especially for a PEM fuel cell unit used in stationary or especially mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - The equipment provides optimal humidifying with minimal temperature rise of the compressed gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a fuel cell unit in which process gas is passed through a side channel type compressor with an integrated humidifier and then through a membrane humidifier prior to conversion in a fuel cell stack. Preferred Features: The process gas is the oxidizing gas (air) stream and is humidified with water recovered from the fuel cell off-gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of humidifying and compressing equipment according to the invention.    Fuel cell stack (1)    Membrane humidifier (2)    Compressor (3)    Control unit (4)    Air supply line (5)    Filter (6)    Water reservoir (7)    Water supply line (8)    Fuel cell off-gas (9)
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon/water mixture evaporation and/or superheating equipment, comprising a burner (3) supplying hot combustion waste gas to the heat carrier side (1b) of a heat exchanger (1), is new.    USE - For a fuel cell gas generating system.    ADVANTAGE - Use of hot combustion waste gas as the heat carrier in the heat exchanger provides high thermal efficiency and good dynamic response to different thermal energy requirements, protects the heat exchanger against excessive heating and chemical attack by direct contact with the burner flame, allows use of a simple heat exchanger construction and avoids formation of an explosive gas mixture within the heat exchanger.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The burner (3) is supplied with fuel cell anode and cathode off-gas and with a fuel and carries out almost complete combustion. The heat exchanger (1) operates in counter-current. The waste gas stream from the heat exchanger (1) may be delivered to a second larger heat exchanger, a second burner optionally being provided between the two heat exchangers and being supplied with fuel cell anode off-gas and/or fuel. The fuel is the same hydrocarbon as that being evaporated and/or superheated or is hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the hydrocarbon evaporation and/or superheating equipment.    Heat exchanger (1)    Medium side (1a)    Heat carrier side (1b)    Dosing device (2)    Burner (3)    Mixer unit (4)
NOVELTY - A catalyst ink for a fuel cell comprises a catalytic material and poly(vinylidene fluoride).    USE - For fuel cells and for membrane electrode assemblies for direct feed methanol fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalytic ink improves the interfacial bonding characteristics of the deposited electrocatalytic layers with the proton conducting moieties of the membrane structure, which improves the electrical performance and reduces the impedance. The catalytic ink also reduce methanol crossover when used in a fuel cell stack. MEA obtained with the catalytic inks has favorable electrical performance, excellent crossover characteristics and unique water management properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) Manufacture of catalyst ink which involves mixing catalytic material with poly(vinylidene fluoride);    (2) Process of making electrode for fuel cells which involves applying the catalyst ink to at least one side of a substrate.    (3) Process of making membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for fuel cells which involves applying the catalyst ink to at least one side of a substrate and bonding the membrane with at least one electrode.    (4) Fuel cell comprising the membrane electrode assembly.
NOVELTY - A fluid flow plate comprises conductive fibers and rigidifying material having low density.    USE - For a fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The plate is lightweight, conductive, tough, and resistant to compression. The plate maintains its shape so greater compressive loads can be applied to the fuel stack to compress gas diffusion layers adjacent to the plate for saving of space.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fluid flow plate (200) comprises first conductive fibers (408) with spaces (502) in between and located in a section of the plate, second conductive fibers, metal foil (404) located between the conductive fibers, rigidifying material (500) with low density including a portion positioned in space(s), and the section including flow channel (204, 204') to service fluid(s) for the fuel assembly. The conductive fibers and metal foil comprise electrical path(s) extending in parallel with a longitudinal axis. The electrical path conducts electrical current generated by the fuel cell assembly. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for constructing a fluid flow plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cutaway, sectional, partial, side representation of the fluid flow plate.    fluid flow plate (200)    flow channel (204, 204')    metal foil (404)    conductive matrix (406)    conductive fibers (408)    rigidifying material (500)    spaces (502)    electrical contact (506, 506')
NOVELTY - Powering a fuel cell by water-iron reaction, involves fueling a power generating system with iron material, reacting the material with water to generate hydrogen in situ, consuming in situ the generated hydrogen to power the system, and powering the system. The generated hydrogen is consumed at a conversion rate exceeding 2 %/min conversion of iron to iron oxide.    USE - For power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces hydrogen at lower than normal temperatures when the water reacts with the iron material. The method can regenerate or reform the spent metal oxide after completion of the reaction and production of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an improved water-iron reaction method in the generation of hydrogen in situ for power generating system.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system operation involves applying an idle load to the fuel cell when the cell temperature is between a normal operating temperature and a transition temperature.    USE - For operating a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Terminating the cool down and returning to normal operation, i.e. going back to box from box, can be simpler, because the input reactants have not necessarily been displaced by passivation gases or carefully controlled to very low concentrations.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Operation of fuel cell system involves (a) initiating one of a warm-up and a cool down procedure for changing the temperature of the fuel cell; (b) applying an idle load to the fuel cell when the temperature of the fuel cell is less than the transition temperature and the service load being applied to the fuel cell; (c) applying a service load to the fuel cell and the second load being applied when the temperature of the fuel cell is less than the transition temperature and the service load being applied to the fuel cell when the temperature of the fuel cell is one or equal to and greater than the normal operating temperature.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell(1) comprises a membrane-form polymer electrolyte(2), a fuel electrode(3) and an air electrode(4). (3) and (4) are disposed on either side of (2) and is made of gas diffusion electrode(5) having a catalyst covered with a fluorocarbon ion exchange resin(6). The ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange resin of (3) is larger than (4).    USE - In automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - (1) gives no adverse effect to the global environment. (1) gives a high energy efficiency and very high output current density at a relatively low operation temperature and minimum amount of water repellent as compared with other fuel cell systems.
NOVELTY - A self-biased solar cell comprises semiconductor substrate of conductivity type (A), semiconductor layer of conductivity type (B) and electrode(s) (I) formed adjacent to semiconductor layer. Dielectric layer(s) are formed on surface of semiconductor substrate which contains electrode(s) (II). A voltage applying electrode(s) is formed on the dielectric layer.    USE - For use in battery.    ADVANTAGE - The self-biased solar cell has improved conversion efficiency, open circuit voltage and increased quantum yield at long and short wavelengths. The recombination loss of carriers at the rear and front of solar cell is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A self-biased solar cell comprises semiconductor substrate of conductivity type (A), semiconductor layer of conductivity type (B) which is disposed adjacent to a surface (I) of semiconductor substrate and electrode(s) (I) formed adjacent to semiconductor layer. Dielectric layer(s) are formed on surface (II) of semiconductor substrate containing electrode(s) (II) which is disposed adjacent to the dielectric layer(s). Voltage applying electrode(s) which is separate and distinct from electrode(s) (II) is provided on the dielectric layer(s).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a module of solar cell which comprises a glass plate, first copolymer plate, solar cell, dielectric plate, second copolymer plate and Tedlar (RTM: polyvinyl fluoride) sequentially.
NOVELTY - Thin-film type silicon single crystal solar battery especially a kind of light-weighted and unbreakable thin-film type silicon single crystal solar battery which is to attach a sheet of thin, transparent and colourless plastic sheet or acrylic sheet on the glass with glue or bond and attach the silicon single crystal sheet on the plastic sheet or acrylic sheet; grinding and polishing the back of silicon single crystal and depositing a anti-reflection layer on it; attaching the silicon single crystal on the back with combination of glue sheet and glass plate; lastly, heating or immersing in solvent for the product of silicon single crystal and take off the glass so that the weight of product can be reduced and prevents the breakage of silicon single crystal solar battery by the plasticity of plastic sheet or acrylic sheet.
NOVELTY - Intrinsic semiconductor layer (11) which is formed on an electrode layer (9), has fine particles (15) adhered on them. After adhering fine particles, the layer (11) is exposed to plasma which is then etched from the non-adhering area of the particle to form a texture structure. N-type semiconductor layer (12) and electrode layer (14) are formed on the semiconductor layer (11).    USE - For manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since adhesion and control of fine particles is formed on intrinsic semiconductor layer by simple plasma etching, a solar battery with extremely high optical confinement effect is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of manufacturing process of solar battery.    Electrode layers (9,14)    Intrinsic semiconductor layer (11)    N-type semiconductor layer (12)    Fine particles (15)
NOVELTY - An output terminal (13) is provided on portion where an optoelectric transducer is mounted on substrate (1). A hole (11) penetrating the substrate is formed on back side of the substrate whose surface top is covered. A conductor (12) is inserted into the hole. Electrodes (7) of transducer are electrically connected to the output terminal.    USE - For photoelectric conversion apparatus such as solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The output end with favorable adhesion strength and sufficient condition property is provided without soldering on the heat resistant flexible substrate and the photoelectric conversion apparatus prevents the generation of distortion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of photoelectric conversion apparatus.    Substrate (1)    Electrodes (7)    Hole (11)    Conductor (12)    Output terminal (13)
NOVELTY - In the doping chamber (1) p-layers and n-layers are formed on the substrate. In the i-rooms, i-layers are formed on the substrate. Interactive conveyance mechanism of the conveying chamber, conveys the substrate in-between the doping chamber and the i-rooms.    USE - For forming thin film using chemical vapor deposition technique in manufacture of solar cell and n-i-p thin film semiconductor laminated film.    ADVANTAGE - By using interactive conveyance mechanism, operation rate of doping chamber is improved, and size reduction of apparatus is achieved by arranging chambers in predefined manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the schematic front elevation of the film forming apparatus.    Doping chamber (1)
NOVELTY - Fuel battery system (30) comprises a modifier (32) for reforming hydrocarbon raw material to form hydrogen and fuel battery (34) for generating electricity using the supplied hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel. Water vapor or unreacted oxygen formed during battery operation is sent to modifier through a connecting pipe (36) and used to reform hydrocarbon material.    USE - For converting chemical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Unnecessary installation of evaporator in modifier is eliminated thereby reducing size of the fuel battery system. Effective usage of water and heat energy is achieved, since water vapor and oxygen formed in fuel battery is returned to the modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows fuel battery system.    Fuel battery system (30)    Modifier (32)    Fuel battery (34)    Connecting pipe (36)    Control unit (40)    Oxygen utilization factor controlling element (42)    Water vapor formation unit (44)
NOVELTY - The battery laminate has an electrolyte layer between fuel and oxidizing agent electrodes to hold phosphoric acid. A fuel modifier changes the fuel in hydrogen rich gas by steam reforming. The ratio of amount of water vapor to that of fuel introduced into fuel modified is set to preset value larger than that during operation start after elapse of predefined time from operation start.    USE - For operating phosphoric acid type fuel battery used in electric power generator.    ADVANTAGE - By changing ratio of amount of water vapor to that of original fuel introduced into fuel modifier to preset value, volume expansion and moving speed of phosphoric acid is improved and hence occurrence of phosphoric acid insufficiency during run of a fuel battery is prevented and achieves running of the battery for long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram explaining operation mode of fuel battery.
NOVELTY - alpha-lithium aluminate is obtained by solid phase reaction of gamma-alumina and lithium compound. The shape of the particle is round and its BET specific surface area is 4-7 m2/g. alpha-lithium aluminate does not contain gamma-lithium aluminate.    USE - Used as electrolyte maintaining board for molten carbonate type fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The thermal stability and chemical stability of the molten carbonate type fuel battery are improved. alpha-lithium aluminate is manufactured by simple method.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of alpha-lithium aluminate. The dry blending of gamma-alumina and lithium compound with BET specific surface area 70-140 m2/g is performed and baking of the mixture is performed by solid phase.
NOVELTY - The integrated three way selector valve comprises two three way selector valves (21,22) which are connected together so that the valve spools (61,62) of both the valves are interlocked to move together and driven by one drive motor (51).    USE - For supply of heating gas and oxidizing gas to fuel battery stack.    ADVANTAGE - Offers small sized and low cost integrated three way selector valves, as two valves are connected and driven by one motor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of integrated three way selector valve.    Three way selector valves (21,22)    Drive motor (51)    Valve spools (61,62)
NOVELTY - A fuel battery system comprises a fuel battery stack (1) laminated with two or more cells which supports electrolyte by two electrodes (fuel electrode and oxidation agent electrode). The amount of voltage required is fewer than the required voltage of external load on minimum usage by the cells. A booster converts DC-DC (2) generates electricity required by the fuel battery stack distribution.    USE - For electrical vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A high output of voltage is distributed between the cells. The construction of apparatus is simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows different parts of a fuel battery system.    Fuel battery stack (1)    DC-DC converter (2)
NOVELTY - Apparatus (10) consists of a film forming chamber (5) through which an elongated substrate is conveyed for photoelectric conversion thin film formation. The substance is conveyed in forward and reverse directions between the unwinding and winding rolls (11,12) to form thin layer on the substrate.    USE - For solar battery fabrication.    ADVANTAGE - Solar battery of large area is produced effectively. Thin film formation is carried out on the substrate at high speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for film forming method for solar battery fabrication.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the film forming apparatus.    Film forming chamber (5)    Film forming apparatus (10)    Unwinding and winding rolls (11,12)
NOVELTY - The separator includes gas conduction paths (10a,10b) independently through which gas consisting of heating gas or oxidizing agent gas, is supplied from a gas inlet (1) to gas outlet (2) sides. A set of cooling agent conductive paths which guide cooling agent from inlet to outlet sides are provided independently.    USE - In solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery for motor vehicles, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The reactive gas density difference and temperature difference are made small, thus providing reliable fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the separator of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    Gas inlet (1)    Gas outlet (2)    Gas conduction paths (10a,10b)
NOVELTY - The pigment sensitization type solar battery has a transparent substrate (1) on which a transparent electrically conductive film (2) is formed. A pigment sensitization semiconductor electrode (4) and counter electrode are laminated on the conductive film. The periphery of electrodes is sealed by resin (7).    USE - In e.g. pigment sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesion of resin and substrate can be maintained for a longer time. The electrolyte does not enter into resin and substrate and therefore does not leak.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of pigment sensitization type solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of pigment sensitization type solar battery.    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrically conductive film (2)    Pigment sensitization semiconductor electrode (4)    Resin (7)
NOVELTY - The manufacture of separator involves mixing and granulating a mixture comprising 80-95 weight% of expanded or natural graphite powder and 20-5 wt.% of themosetting resin containing 65% or more of non-volatile matter to form granulated pellet with particle size of 10-1000 mum. The granulated pellet is placed in a mold and hardened by heating to 150-280degreesC to form separator with predetermined shape.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has excellent bending strength, gas impermeable property and less electric specific resistance. The separator exhibits high isotropy and reduced anisotropy.
NOVELTY - The separator has channels (301a) for reactive gas circulation on one surface of the base material (301) and metal pins (302) penetrate from the same surface.    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Separator for fuel batteries uses less metallic material which increases characteristics of moldability and has low electrical resistance. The cost involved is also reduced. The separator is gas opaque and corrosion resistant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the separator.    Base material (301)    Channels (301a)    Conductive member (302)
NOVELTY - A fuel -producing reactor, especially for hydrogen, has at least one flow channel (11) for the fuel and another, separate channel (14) for a heating/cooling medium. The channels are spiraled and contiguous by virtue of a shared wall (20), so as to ensure a high level of heat transfer. The channels are preferably fabricated from sheet steel ribbon, and the process channel is at least internally coated with a catalytic layer.    USE - Provision of fuel, by exothermic oxidation reaction, to a hydrogen fuel cell, especially in an electric powered vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A simple and efficient reactor with lower flow resistance than tubular reactors containing porous plugs of catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The channels may have rectangular cross-section, and the catalytic coating may be restricted to the common wall surface. The reactor can also be used for endothermic reforming reactions. The spiral configuration provides a high residence length in a compact space, and the process channel may be in contact with two or more heat transfer fluid circulated channels.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows a plan view of a spiral reactor.    process and thermal fluid circulated channels (11,14)    common wall. (20)
NOVELTY - A gas reservoir (6a,6b) is formed of a one or two-piece tubular hollow chamber open at the top. The reservoir is sub-divided into a reservoir chamber (6a',6b') and a pressure-compensation chamber (6a'',6b'') by a stopper (9) through which a vertical tube (10) passes, linking the chambers. The gas reservoirs are positioned directly against or are co-formed with the end-plates (4a,4b). The respective half-cells (2a,2b) are linked via passages in the end-plates and openings (7) with the respective reservoirs and their electrolyte content.    USE - Experimental electrolysis cell or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is robust, compact, easy to operate and cheap to manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the cell.    Half-cells (2a,2b)    End-plates (4a,4b)    Gas reservoirs (6a,6b)    Reservoir chambers (6a',6b')    Pressure-compensation chambers (6a'',6b'')    Openings (7)    Stopper (9)    Vertical tube (10)
NOVELTY - Steam reforming apparatus comprises a pyrolysis reactor (5) connected to a shift reactor (10). The pyrolysis reactor carries out a splitting process and the shift reactor carries out a hydrogen gas shift reaction on the product gas containing carbon monoxide from the pyrolysis reactor.    USE - In a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is lightweight, compact. simple to regulate and has a high hydrogen yield.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for steam reforming methanol comprising splitting methanol in the pyrolysis reactor at 400-480degrees C in the presence of a catalyst into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and carrying out a catalytic low temperature shift reaction at not more than 250degrees C on the carbon monoxide contained in the product gas from the pyrolysis reactor or a catalytic high temperature shift reaction at 400-450degrees C to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the steam reforming apparatus.    pyrolysis reactor (5)    hydrogen separation membrane (6, 15)    shift reactor (10)    water vaporizer (11)    burner unit (18a)
NOVELTY - Gas diffusion electrode comprises a catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer contains a porous electrolyte A having pores joined three dimensionally to each other, and a microporous catalyst-electrolyte aggregate containing a catalyst and an electrolyte B.    USE - In polymer electrolyte-type fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Proton conductivity of the catalyst layer is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of a gas diffusion electrode comprising arranging a microporous catalyst-electrolyte aggregate containing a catalyst and an electrolyte B in the pores of a porous electrolyte A.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical fuel cell assembly comprises an electrode between a separator plate and membrane electrolyte. The electrode comprises a substrate having a pair of oppositely facing major planar surfaces and electrocatalyst defining an active area. It has an in-plane nonuniform structure in its active area as the area traverses in the direction of a reactant flow path.    USE - For converting fuel and oxidant to electricity and reaction product.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows reactant to travel in a direct linear path across the electrode, thus it is easier to control and attempt to optimize the variation in electrode properties along the reactant flow path.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical fuel cell assembly (10) comprises first and second separator plates (50, 60) each having a pair of oppositely facing major planar surfaces, and ports. A membrane electrolyte (25) is interposed between the first and the second separator plates. First and second electrodes (30, 40) are interposed between the plates and the membrane electrolyte. Each electrode comprises a substrate (32, 42) having a pair of oppositely facing major planar surfaces and electrocatalyst (35, 45) defining an electrochemically active area. The assembly further comprises a first reactant flow path for directing a first reactant fluid stream between the first and second ports. The first reactant flow path extends linearly across the first active area, and the first electrode has an in-plane nonuniform structure in its active area. The active area is traversed in the direction of the first reactant flow path.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded side cross-sectional view of the solid polymer fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell assembly (10)    Membrane electrolyte (25)    Electrodes (30, 40)    Substrates (32, 42)    Electrocatalysts (35, 45)    Separator plates (50, 60)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell assembly (100) has a PEM fuel cell having a gas diffusion layer located between a reactant fluid flow plate and a membrane electrode assembly. A pulsator (5004) is included for pulsing pressure of a reactant fluid in the cell to cause enhanced mass transport through the gas diffusion layer of the cell.    USE - For converting fuels and oxidants to electricity.    ADVANTAGE - An increased in power density of the fuel cell at higher current density is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for diminishing diffusion loss at relatively high current densities of a PEM fuel cell comprises (a) supplying a fuel to the anode fluid flow plate for diffusion through the anode gas diffusion layer toward the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly, and an oxidant to the cathode fluid flow plate for diffusion through the cathode gas diffusion layer toward the cathode side of the membrane electrode assembly; and (b) pulsating the supplied fuel and oxidant to enhance mass transport through a gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial, schematic hardware representation of pulsators located at entrances of reactant fluid manifolds for a fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell assembly (100)    Pulsator (5004)
NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a canister (2) for adsorbing fuel vapor generated within fuel tank (1). After completion of the adsorption the canister is detached and fuel vapor modifier (3) reacts hydrocarbon with oxygen to form hydrogen that is fed to an alkali form fuel battery (4) to generate electrical energy during the conversion and carbon dioxide which is ejected into the atmosphere .    USE - For processing the fuel vapor from motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel vapor is not flowed into an internal combustion engine, hence does not affect the performance of the combustion engine, but is ejected into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and water which are harmless components to atmosphere, hence does not cause pollution too.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the theoretical diagram of the fuel vapor processing apparatus.    Fuel tank (1)    Canister (2)    Fuel vapor modifier (3)    Fuel battery (4)
NOVELTY - The combustion chamber (30) and reaction chamber (C) are formed in a container (1) by a baffle plate (5). The cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel battery cells (9) are inserted in the holes (6) in the baffle plate. The air introduction pipes (11) are inserted into the opening (10) of the cell. The outer diameter (R1) of air introduction pipe is set as 80% of internal diameter (R2) of cell.    USE - For, e.g., solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enlarges flow resistance of air between air introduction pipes and cells. Supplies oxygen of required quantity at boundary surface of air polar layer and solid electrolyte layer by diffusing air efficiently. Reduces concentration overvoltage resulting from supply rate limitation of oxygen and polarization resistance. Improves power generation efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cells are arranged in the reaction chamber. Air supplied to the cells by air introduction pipes. The hot gas is supplied between the cells in the reaction chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model figure of fuel cell.    Container (1)    Baffle plate (5)    Holes (6)    Battery cells (9)    Opening (10)    Air introduction pipes (11)    Combustion chamber (30)
NOVELTY - A fuel battery system has an oxidizing agent gas supplier (1) for supplying oxidizing agent gas to an oxidizing agent gas pipeline (7), and humidifier (5) for supplying water. Water flow detector (4) is provided to pipeline (9) formed between water force feeding unit and humidifier. Control unit (20) for controlling water flow based on signal from the detector, is also provided in the system.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel battery system is economical and accurately controls the rate of water flow to the oxidizing agent gas, using control unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas pipeline is connected to the oxidizing agent feed hopper of fuel battery. A water force feeding unit (3) is provided to the water pipeline (9) which connects the humidifier and water storing unit (2).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for control method of fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagrammatic view of vehicle mounted fuel battery system.    Oxidizing agent gas supplier (1)    Water storing unit (2)    Water force feeding unit (3)    Water flow detector (4)    Humidifier (5)    Gas pipeline (7)    Water pipeline (9)    Fuel battery (10)    Control unit (20)
NOVELTY - The cell frame (21) has openings (22a, 22b) so that two or more cells can be formed within the frame.    USE - Used in batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The functions of many cells is given to one frame.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the cell stack comprising the cell frame.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of the cell frame.    Cell frame (21)    openings (22a, 22b)
NOVELTY - Conductive ceramic material comprises lanthanum (La) and chromium (Cr) in perovskite type crystal phase and calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) in main crystal phase. In the main crystal phase, Ca and/or silicon (Si) exist in the grain boundary to about 0.1-5.0 wt.%.    USE - For separator, gas diffuser, collector of solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates compaction even during the low temperature baking process. Improves degree of sintering. Reduces amount of pores, increases effective area of electric conduction, reduces coefficient of cubic expansion, and provides suitable material for collector of solid electrolyte cell, as the material has specific composition in specific crystal phase. Due to high electroconductivity, the output loss of fuel battery is reduced and volume change of the ceramic between the atmosphere and reducing environment is inhibited. Generation of stress between the components of the fuel battery and damage is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of conductive ceramic material.
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte and fuel electrode are laminated in air pole (101) and air poles are partially arranged in power generation chamber (11). Fuel feeding pipe (104) is inserted in each air pole, from the fuel supply chamber (14) to chamber (11). Air poles and fuel feeding pipes are electrically connected to the air pole collector and fuel electrode collector (35).    USE - For interconnectors solid electrolyte type battery.    ADVANTAGE - Electric charge is collected efficiently. Collector member slidably contacts with each air poles, thus elastic contact is stabilized, even when air pole expands due to temperature rise.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of SOFC module.    Electricity generation chamber (11)    Fuel supply chamber (14)    Fuel electrode collector (35)    Air pole (101)    Fuel feeding pipe (104)
NOVELTY - Fuel supply and emission chambers (14,15) and air supply chamber (18) provided in upper and lower sides of chamber (11) are surrounded by heat insulating material (19). Air poles are connected to air pole side collector (31) which is arranged in lower portion of chamber (11). Conductive rods (106) inserted in batteries (100) via joints are connected to fuel feeding pipes and collector.    USE - Interconnector less solid electrolytic fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Assembly of electrolytic fuel battery is simplified and internal loss of generated output is less.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Multiple solid electrolytic fuel batteries (100) are arranged in electricity generation chamber (11).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solid electrolytic fuel battery.    Chamber (11)    Fuel supply chamber (14)    Fuel emission chamber (15)    Air supply chamber (18)    Heat insulating material (19)    Collector (31)    Battery (100)    Conductive rod (106)
NOVELTY - Heat insulating material (19) is provided on periphery of each electricity generation chamber (11), fuel emission chamber (15) and fuel supply chamber (14). Air pole of each fuel battery (100) is electrically connected to air pole side collector (31) at lower portion of chamber (11). Each fuel feeding pipe is electrically connected to fuel electrode side collector (34) arranged by chamber (14).    USE - For solid state electrolytic fuel battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Generated output of high voltage and small electric current is efficiently extracted, by reducing internal loss of generated output.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of fuel battery block.    Electricity generation chamber (11)    Fuel supply chamber (14)    Fuel emission chamber (15)    Heat insulating material (19)    Air pole side collector (31)    Fuel electrode side collector (34)    Fuel battery (100)
NOVELTY - A gas-liquid separator (4) supplies water vapor to cool gas from gas modifier (1) and fuel battery (2). Water component from gases are condensed to obtain recovered water. A water treater (22) purifies recovery water from storage tank of water gas cooler and replenishes to gas-liquid separator. A gas bubble ejector in storage tank uses air to reduce carbon dioxide concentration in water.    USE - For power plant using fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since gas bubble ejector is provided, carbon dioxide dissolved in water storage tank is extracted, easily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system block diagram of waste water recovery system.    Gas modifier (1)    Fuel battery (2)    Gas-liquid separator (4)    Water treater (22)
NOVELTY - Air poles (103) and fuel electrodes of fuel battery (10) are electrically connected to air pole and fuel electrode side collector boards (33,34), respectively. Board (33) of one assembly (12) is serially connected to board (34) of another assembly (12). Electric power output terminal is connected to board (34) used as anode side end of connecting and to board (33) used as cathode side end of connecting.    USE - Used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - As the collector boards are arranged oppositely in same chamber, connection between the board is carried out in identical atmosphere, thereby simplifying seal structure and raising durability. Since interconnector is not used, damage by difference of coefficient of thermal expansion occurring in high temperature is decreased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel feeding pipe (104) of each battery is electrically connected to board (34).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    Fuel battery (10)    Assembly (12)    Collector boards (33,34)    Air pole (103)    Fuel feeding pipe (104)
NOVELTY - The fuel battery has an air pole (14) and an air pole extension portion (14a) integrated together.    USE - Cylindrical interconnectorless solid electrolytic fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - As the air pole with extension portion are integral, manufacturing process is reduced and need for providing collector material and conductive material on outer surface is also reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of cylindrical interconnectorless solid electrolytic fuel battery.    Air pole (14)    Air pole extension portion (14a)
NOVELTY - The base material of separator (5) includes metal as main constituent. Corrosion resistant electroconductive layers (8) are provided at portions of separator surface, that are in contact with electrodes (3,4).    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - By using metal such as aluminum, titanium, as main material for separator, weight reduction is achieved and mass production is possible. By formation of electroconductive layers on the surface of separator, where it contacts with electrodes, reliability of battery is improved. Battery is used efficiently and stably for long period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel battery.    Electrodes (3,4)    Separator (5)    Electroconductive layers (8)
NOVELTY - Reaction portion (A) has heating gas supply path (D1) and spillway (D2). Another reaction portion has oxidizing agent gas supply path (E1) and spillway (E2). Flow of reactive gas in each reaction portion is uniformly set-up based on position relationship corresponding to inlets (19a,20a) and outlets (19b,20b).    USE - Fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of fuel battery is increased and size reduction is achieved as flow of reactive gas in each reaction portion is uniformly set-up.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of fuel battery.    Inlets (19a,20a)    Outlets (19b,20b)    Reaction portion (A)    Supply paths (D1,E1)    Spillways (D2,E2)
NOVELTY - A cooling water separator consists of three cooling water flow path grooves through which cooling water from inlet manifold flow upwards towards outlet manifold placed diagonally to the inlet manifold. The cooling water separator is distributed through the whole surface of fuel battery stack by continuous wire pattern.    USE - Fuel battery stack.    ADVANTAGE - Enables increase in output value per volume of the fuel battery pack. Enables improvement in output capacitance and attains energizing effective area of electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Air from an air inlet manifold (2) in the top edge of positive electrode separator (1), flows downwards towards air outlet manifold (7) placed in diagonal position with respect to the air inlet manifold. Fuel from a fuel inlet manifold on one side of a negative electrode separator flown towards fuel outlet manifold on other side of negative electrode separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of positive electrode separator.    Positive electrode separator (1)    Air inlet manifold (2)    Air outlet manifold (7)
NOVELTY - The film thickness of solid electrolyte (13) is changed gradually, depending on the position of the cylinder's longitudinal axis in a cell reaction area.    USE - Solid electrolyte type fuel battery e.g. cylindrical type inter connector less SOFC.    ADVANTAGE - Improves battery properties such as electric power generation efficiency, as uniform advance of a cell reaction is performed through solid electrolyte resulting in uniform distribution of electric current in cell reaction area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of cylinder type SOFC.    Electroconductivity tube (11)    Fuel electrode (12)    Solid electrolyte (13)    Air pole (14)    Electroconductivity felt (15)    Electroconductivity interval material (16)
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte (13) and fuel electrode (12) are formed on interior of cylindrical air pole (14). Fuel electrodes are connected and an electroconductive tube (11) for supplying heating gas is inserted between the fuel electrodes. The number of blow holes in the fuel electrode, near outlet of electro-conductive tube is minimum and rate of blow holes increases gradually towards other end of air pole.    USE - For interconnectorless solid electrolyte type battery.    ADVANTAGE - Cell reaction becomes uniform in whole region of air pole, irrespective of non-uniform hydrogen gas concentration distribution, thus efficient electricity generation is performed. Damage of battery due to temperature difference is prevented, thus battery lifespan is prolonged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of battery cell.    Electroconductive cell (11)    Fuel electrode (12)    Solid electrolyte (13)    Cylindrical air pole (14)
NOVELTY - Solid electrolyte (13) formed on inner surface of an air pole (14) are connected to fuel electrodes by a heating gas supply electroconductive tube (11) inserted between the electrodes. Catalyst material accelerates modification reaction of heating gas. Fuel electrode has a portion with maximum thickness near the fuel gas blowing outlet of the tube and a portion with minimum thickness away from outlet.    USE - For solid electrolyte fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to make the temperature distribution of the cell uniform in the longitudinal direction. Raises hydrogen density, accelerates cell reaction and enables to generate electricity efficiently. Prevents generation of thermal stress due to temperature difference and generation of crack and interlaminar peeling and thereby prolongs battery life span.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solid electrolyte fuel battery.    Electroconductive tube (11)    Solid electrolyte (13)    Air pole (14)
NOVELTY - The solid polymeric type fuel battery, a heat exchanger (26) and an air side water reclaimer (27) are installed in order in vertical direction. Humidification of supply air and dehumidification of ejected air are carried out by heat exchanger. The steam in air ejected from heat exchanger is collected and condensed in the water reclaimer.    USE - For electricity generation using solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces pressure fluctuation of air line by ejecting condensed water from air flow line smoothly using gravity. Improves efficiency of battery by stabilizing reaction progress state. Reduces start time by using energy of steam by dehumidifying it.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The power generation is carried out in fuel battery using heating gas and air containing hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of battery system.    Heat exchanger (26)    Water reclaimer (27)
NOVELTY - The mixture containing graphite powder and 10 weight percent (wt.%) or less of phenol resin is heat-pressed at a pressure of 300 kgf/cm2 or more to obtain an intermediate molded article. The obtained intermediate molded article is baked in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to carbonize the phenol resin and other organic substances present in it. Thus, an electro-conductive molded article is obtained.    USE - For use as gas separator of solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Electro-conductive molded article with small electrical resistance, excellent mechanical strength and quality, is manufactured in a short period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of electro-conductive molded article.
NOVELTY - The metal composite has a thin metal plate, on which a silicone resin layer is formed on one side by injection through a nozzle and by screen printing on the other side.    USE - The silicone resin metal composite is used as cushioning material for electric components, packing materials, spacers and also as separator for fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The burring is eliminated, as the layer is formed by injection molding, and also the productivity is increased. The adhesion property when held in piles, is also increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of silicone resin coating metal composite.
NOVELTY - A molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) operating process comprises alkali metal chromate removal from the off-gas with an aqueous barium and/or lead salt scrubbing solution prior to commercial use.    USE - The CO2 content of the treated off-gas is used e.g. for current generation in steam turbines, in the food industry or as educt in chemical processes.    ADVANTAGE - The process reduces the off-gas impurity level of toxic and carcinogenic chromates, resulting from corrosion of chromium-containing metallic components in the fuel cell, to allow commercial utilization of the CO2 content of the off-gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An MCFC operating process comprises treating the collected fuel cell off-gas, prior to commercial use, by scrubbing with a an aqueous solution containing inorganic and/or organic barium and/or lead salts to precipitate alkali metal chromates (III) and/or chromates (VI). Preferred Features: The off-gas is scrubbed with a barium and/or lead chloride and/or bromide solution and then with an alkali metal sulfate solution to remove the barium and/or lead salts.
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer comprises a transforming region, a shift reaction region with a maximum capacity in a prescribed ratio to the maximum capacity of the transforming region, an oxidation gas feed unit, and a regulating region.    USE - For converting hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen-rich gas.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is compact and efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel reformer comprises a transforming region to convert hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen-rich gas, a shift reaction region with a maximum capacity in a prescribed ratio to the maximum capacity of the transforming region for the reaction of a part of the carbon monoxide present in the hydrogen-rich gas fed from the transforming region with water to convert the carbon monoxide to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, an oxidation gas feed for the introduction of oxidation gas containing oxygen to the shift reaction region, and a regulating region for determining the excess of hydrogen-rich gas fed to the shift reaction region from the transforming region, with respect to the maximum capacity of the shift reaction region and for regulating the oxidation gas feed unit for the introduction of the oxidation gas to the shift reaction region based on the excess
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (40) includes a fuel stack, channels for supplying fuel and an oxidant to opposite sides of the fuel cell stack, and a resistive heater (50) for heating the fuel cell stack. The cell includes a pair of electrodes, and an electrolyte (53) which is 1-20 mum for separating the electrodes. The channels include substrate(s) (44) having a manifold (42).    USE - For electrical power applications.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is portable with higher power density, longer operating lifetime, and lower cost. It is small and compact, which offers improved performance over rechargeable batteries as a miniature power source.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view of the miniature thin-film fuel cell.    Fuel cell (40)    Manifold (42)    Resistive heater (50)    Electrolyte (53)
NOVELTY - An electrically conductive fuel cell fluid flow plate includes a series of straight parallel elongated fluid flow field channels configured to direct a reactant or a coolant fluid stream within a fuel cell.    USE - For a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an improved performance at high current densities compared to conventional fluid flow field plates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrically conductive fuel cell fluid flow field plate (20) comprises two opposing major surfaces (28, 36), and a series of parallel, straight channels (30) formed in at least one of the two major surfaces. At least one of the channels has a ratio of length to cross-sectional area of 2180:1 - 6200:1. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) an electrochemical fuel cell operated at a current density greater than 500 mA/cm2 comprising (i) a fuel flow field plate with two opposing surfaces, (ii) an oxidant flow field plate with two opposing major surfaces, (iii) a membrane electrode assembly interposed between the two major surfaces of the fuel and oxidant flow field plates, and (iv) a series of parallel straight oxidant channels formed in the two major surfaces of the oxidant flow field plate; and (B) a method of making the fluid flow field plate comprising (i) providing a sheet of compressible, electrically conductive sheet material having two oppositely facing major surfaces, and (ii) embossing the first major surface to form at least one open-faced channel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a partial cross-sectional view of a solid polymer fuel cell.    Fluid flow field plate (20)    Major surface (28, 36)    Channel (30)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (4) has a cathode (7) containing a catalyst and is warmed by flowing oxygen or air into process oxidant channels, then introducing some hydrogen into the oxygen/air stream forming a dilute mixture in the oxidant channels.    USE - For fuel cells which operate in extremely cold temperatures.    ADVANTAGE - No external heating mechanism is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell catalyst assists in the overall cell reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to produce electricity and water. Oxygen or air is transported in the oxidant channels, to the cathode side of cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: a fuel cell which comprises:    (i) an electrolyte (5);    (ii) a cathode (7) on one side of the electrolyte with an associated catalyst;    (iii) a process oxidant delivery channel;    (iv) sources of hydrogen and oxygen;    (v) a pump mechanism (10) to flow a stream of oxygen or air upon start up of the cell; and    (vi) a hydrogen introducing mechanism (9).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a stylized schematic diagram of a portion of the fuel cell system.    fuel cell (4)    electrolyte (5)    cathode (7)    hydrogen introducing mechanism (9)    air/oxygen pump (10)
NOVELTY - A composite comprises, an electrically insulating length of woven glass fiber net which is coated with, and embedded in, ionically conductive solid or semi-solid matrix. The solid or semi-solid matrix is formed by solidifying an ion conductive liquid by cooling.    USE - For alkali metal-ion electrochemical devices (claimed), capacitors, batteries, sensors, fuel cells, memory devices and devices for brine electrolysis by an ion exchange method.    ADVANTAGE - The composite is inexpensive, inert to other components and can be dip coated or pressed under heat into a polymeric electrolyte film. The composite is flexible, tough, easy to handle, light weight, mechanically strong, highly stable at elevated temperatures and has low shrinkage properties. The composite resists, shorting under pressure, curl, shrinkage, moisture absorption and enables rapid processing.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has a membrane electrode assembly comprising a gas- and ion-permeable solid polymer electrolyte in contact with electrodes, disposed on central core, fuel storage medium comprising a solid material chemisorbed with hydrogen and housing containing assembly and storage. The chemisorbed hydrogen in storage medium is desorbed to generate fuel for fuel cell.    USE - For portable electronic applications.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has internal fuel source, eliminating the need for external fuel supply. The fuel cell with an integral solid hydrogen storage medium is safer unlike conventional high pressure gas or liquid storage bottles and more acceptable to consumers. The porous core material in the fuel cell is rigid, providing strong foundation to fabricate the fuel cell. The solid polymer electrolyte in the fuel cell excels in mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and ability to transport desired ions selectively. Usage of bipolar plates, external fuel storage vessel, tubing, gas regulators and valves commonly employed in conventional fuel cells are eliminated. The fuel cell arrangement eliminates need for an additional current collecting screen that is present in conventional fuel cells, further reducing complexity and weight of novel fuel cell. By varying the fuel storage volume versus fuel cell active area, power density and energy density of the fuel cell can be optimized for a specific application. The fuel cell has longer life time on a single charge and faster recharging times.
NOVELTY - A bypass route (20) is present on entrance and outlet side of existing reactive gas flowpath (13) of temperature and humidity operator stage (11). A selector valve (21) on outlet side of bypass route is switched by a control unit (24), so as to regulate humidity and composition of reactive gas depending on temperature sensors (20,23).    USE - For power supply.    ADVANTAGE - A high performance solid polymeric type fuel battery system that enables the amount of humidification in humidity-temperature operator stage to be controlled pertinently, is offered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid polymeric type fuel battery system has temperature and humidity operator stage (11) that heats fuel battery stack containing solid polymeric film electrolyte (3). The unconverted gas and water component present in the reactive gas are removed before the reactive gas reaches the reaction part of fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Solid polymeric film electrolyte (3)    Humidity operator stage (11)    Reactive gas flowpath (13)    Temperature sensors (20,23)    Selector valve (21)    Control unit (24)
NOVELTY - The battery consists of a solid polymer film as electrolyte and a temperature/humidity exchange part. The temperature/humidity exchange part consists of water retention porous object (30) and mesh (31) which are alternately arranged.    USE - As power supply for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The drying of solid polymeric electrolyte is prevented. The water component of reactive gas is moved to unreacted gas, therefore water is not required for humidification. Freezing does not occur. The heat and water vapor exchange is efficient. The solid polymeric type fuel battery is compact, inexpensive and reliable. The porous object excels in selectively allowing only water to pass through.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The existing reactive gas which passed the reaction part and the unreacted gas before passing to reaction part are made to contact the water retaining porous object. At least one side of the reactive gas carrying mesh contacts the porous object so that gas circulates through the gas supply path.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of the temperature/humidity exchange part of the solid polymeric type fuel battery system.    Water retention porous object (30)    Mesh (31)
NOVELTY - Base material (31) of the separator (30) of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery has a multi layered structure which consists of a peeling resistance layer (32), corrosion-resistance layer (33) and a low-electricity resistance layer (34).    USE - In solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion caused by the reactive gas or saturated steam atmosphere is prevented efficiently. By applying the separator weight of the fuel battery is reduced and life of the battery is extended.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of the separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the separator.    Separator (30)    Base material (31)    Peeling resistance layer (32)    Corrosion-resistance layer (33)    Low electricity resistance layer (34)
NOVELTY - A three dimensional metallic material (40) containing diallyl phthalate resin and provided with fine spacings is impregnated with a mixture of phenol resin, epoxy resin, thermosetting resin (50) such as polycarbonate resin, acrylonitrile butyl styrene. Flow path and gas passage way are formed in the resulting prepeg by heat compression using a shaping die (30) provided with convex portions.    USE - For fuel battery cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator excels in mechanical strength, electroconductivity and productivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacture of the separator using shaping die.    Shaping die (30)    metallic material (40)    resin (50)
NOVELTY - A reform process chamber (3r) and a combustion chamber (4r) are separated from each other by a partition wall (18). The process gas flows from feed hopper to outlet of process chamber, via honeycomb board (3h) of modification catalyst holder so that the reformed gas flows through many paths to the outlet.    USE - For electrical power generating device such as fuel battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - By using a catalyst holder with honeycomb board, the reformer is miniaturized. Energy consumption is reduced. The starting time is shortened. Energy efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The combustion gas flows from feed hopper to the outlet of combustion chamber of heater (4), via honeycomb board. The modification catalyst is composed of ruthenium. Hydrocarbon type reform gas is heated using gas consisting of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectionnal view of reformer.    Honeycomb boards (3h)    Process chamber (3r)    Heater(4r) Combustion chamber (4)    Partition wall (18)
NOVELTY - Cooling systems (11-13) is provided to cool the thin flaky alloy supplied on cooling table (8). The cooling table is provided on manufacturing apparatus of hydrogen absorbing alloy.    USE - Used for battery or hydrogen storage.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform cooling is provided to the formed thin alloy or thin alloy piece by the provision of the cooling system. Heat treatment is not necessary.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of hydrogen absorbing alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptional diagram of manufacturing apparatus of hydrogen absorbing alloy.    Cooling table (8)    Cooling systems (11-13)
NOVELTY - A PEM fuel assembly comprises: (1) cathode and anode catalyst layers (40, 44) formed on opposite sides of a proton exchange membrane (48); (2) anode and cathode porous gas diffusion layers (38, 50) placed on the catalyst layers on sides not in contact with the membrane; (3) anode water transport plate having central and peripheral areas placed on a side of the anode porous layer not in contact with the anode catalyst layer; (4) a cathode water plate having central and peripheral areas placed on a side of the anode water transport plate not in contact with the anode layer; (5) thermoplastic bonding and sealing layers (42, 46, 68) between the anode and cathode water transport plates at their respective peripheral areas; (6) a cathode substrate on a side of the cathode water transport plate not in contact with the anode water transport plate; and (7) a cathode catalyst layer placed on a side of the cathode substrate not in contact with the cathode water transport plate.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cell power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The porous water transport plates are bonded and edge sealed in a simple, cost effective way which allows simplified stacking of the cells afterwards without high seating loads.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view through the cell    Cell assemblies (10)    Cathode water transport plate (12)    Cathode air flow channels (14)    Anode water transport plate (16)    Anode fuel channels (18)    Membrane electrode assembly (20)    Coolant flow channels (26)    Anode substrate (34)    Anode gas diffusion layer (38)    Catalyst layers (40, 44)    Proton exchange membrane (48)    Cathode diffusion layer (50)    Seal (52)    Foam tape (60)    Thermoplastic layer (68)
NOVELTY - The screen/frame integral assembly comprises one or more porous screen layers (75) which are surrounded by a frame (70) having fluid conduits.    USE - For electrochemical cell used for supporting and facilitating the hydration of solid membrane.    ADVANTAGE - The integral screen/frame assembly is manufactured easily and economically using continuous processing by eliminating the need of expensive molds and the need for protector ring. The assembling time is reduced due to the integration of parts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) an electrochemical cell stack comprising, an electrolyte membrane having first and second gas inlets. First and second gas electrodes are provided on the first and second gas inlets of the membrane respectively, and an integral screen/frame assembly is provided adjacent to and in intimate contact with the first gas electrode; (ii) a method for producing hydrogen involves introducing water to first gas electrode in a electrochemical cell and forming hydrogen ions, oxygen and electrodes. The formed hydrogen ions is passed to second gas electrode through the electrolyte membrane and then the electrons are moved to second gas electrode through an electrical load. The hydrogen ions and electrons are then combined to form hydrogen gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a top view of the integrated frame 1 screen assembly.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell comprises, high pressure side electrode, low pressure side electrode, membrane (108) interposed between and in intimate contact with high and low pressure side electrode, low pressure flow field (110), high pressure flow field (112) and electrically conductive pressure pad (118) located adjacent to and in close contact with high pressure flow field.    USE - For use as electrolytic cell and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell is inexpensive, highly reliable and can be manufactured, assembled by simple methods. The electrochemical cell has lower electrical resistance which leads to high current density and lower cell voltage due to elimination of screen layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating a high pressure electrochemical cell. A low pressure fluid (LPF) is introduced into a low pressure flow field, and is reacted on a low pressure electrode (LPE) to form ions. The LPE is adjacent to and in fluid communicating with LPF. The ions formed are migrated to high pressure electrode (HPE) across a membrane and a high pressure fluid (HPF) is formed at HPE. The HPF formed has pressure exceeding 1000 psi greater than the pressure of LPF and is passed through a high pressure flow field which is disposed in intimate contact with an electrically conductive pressure pad.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of electrochemical cell.    Membrane (108)    Low pressure flow field (110)    High pressure flow field (112)    Pressure pad (118)
NOVELTY - Polyelectrolyte membrane (12) production involves immersing a basic polymer in a strong acid having sufficient concentration to impregnate the basic polymer with at least six strong acid molecules per polymer repeating unit of the basic polymer (at least 30 degrees C, at most 5 hours).    USE - Used in a fuel cell (10) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Production of polyelectrolyte membrane is made more efficient as the immersion time of the basic polymer in the strong acid is reduced. The proton conduction of the polyelectrolyte membrane is improved and the output of the fuel cell is enhanced. The basic polymer used as electrolyte membrane enhances the output of the fuel cells. Increasing the concentration of the strong acid enables impregnation of larger number of strong acid molecules.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional illustration of a fuel cell.    Cell (10)    Electrolyte membrane (12)    Pair of electrodes (20)
NOVELTY - Silicon solar cells are manufactured by etching a portion of the surface of the silicon using plasma. The dopant concentrations in the portions of the surface, which are not adjacent to the electrical contact(s), are reduced as compared with dopant concentrations in the emitter region adjacent the electrical contact(s).    USE - For manufacturing silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is cost and energy efficient. It permits selectively doping the emitting profile of mc-Si solar cells, and is compatible with commonly employed methods of solar cell manufacture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of silicon solar cells comprises providing silicon having an emitter region which, according to a boundary dimension of the emitter region, defines a surface of the silicon. The emitter region is diffused with a dopant. Electrical contact(s) is positioned on the surface of the silicon so that electrical contact(s) is adjacent to part of the emitter region. A portion of the surface of the silicon is etched using plasma in which electrical contact mask(s) is positioned. The dopant concentrations in the portions of the surface, which are not adjacent to the electrical contact(s), are reduced as compared with dopant concentrations in the emitter region adjacent to the electrical contact(s). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photovoltaic cell manufactured by the above-mentioned process.
NOVELTY - A continuous melt replenishment system comprises a feeder for providing a granular source material (11) in a pile forming an angle of repose (13) with a planar surface (15). A crucible holds a melt of the granular source material. A pair of strings stabilizes a crystalline ribbon and a moving belt delivers the source material to the crucible at a rate based on the angle of repose.    USE - For continuous melt replenishment for crystal growth.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows for continuous growth and utilizes all sizes and morphologies of silicon. It allows for a simplified, low cost crucible design for silicon ribbon growth and produces a more homogeneous mixing of boron.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates an angle of repose of a granular material.    Openings (8, 10)    Granular source material (11)    Hopper (12)    Angle of repose (13)    Planar surface (15)
NOVELTY - The counter-electrode (11) is releasably coupled to the work electrode (1), and both contain electrically conductive layers (2, 12) deposited on transparent substrates (4, 14).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is cheap to produce can be easily dismantled and reassembled for e.g. educational purposes. Chemicals liberated during breakage or dismantling are non-toxic.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A dye-sensitized titania solar cell with a layered structure comprises a work electrode coupled to a counter-electrode via an electrolyte fluid. The work electrode comprises a first electrically conductive layer, a crystalline titania layer (3) on top of the conductive layer, and a dye-sensitized material deposited on top of the titania layer. The counter-electrode comprises a second electrically conductive layer with a catalyst material (16) deposited on top. At least one of the conductive layers is transparent and deposited on a transparent substrate. The titania layer is formed by drying and sintering a coating of paste material comprising titania powder, water, ethanol and acid. The counter-electrode is releasably coupled to the work electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figures 1a and 1b show a perspective view of the two electrodes for the solar cell.    Work electrode (1)    Transparent, electrically conductive layer (2)    Nanocrystalline titania layer (3)    Transparent glass substrate (4)    Edge zone of electrically conductive layer (5)    Application of work electrode to counter-electrode (7)    Counter-electrode (11)    Transparent, electrically conductive layer (12)    Transparent glass substrate (14)    Thin graphite layer (16)
NOVELTY - The metal contained in a surface pattern film (2) formed on surface of silicon wafer (1), is removed by a polishing process. The metals remaining in the silicon wafer surface after the polishing process is removed with a mixed acid extraction process so that residual metal concentration in the silicon wafer is less than 3x1013 atoms/cm.    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces metallic impurities to obtain highly pure silicon crystal by heat treatment process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The recrystallization of the silicon wafer is carried out using a melting process to obtain a single crystal or polycrystalline silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing indicates a sectional view of silicon crystal.    Silicon wafer (1)    Surface pattern film (2)
NOVELTY - A substrate (10) is immersed into a solution (2) containing semiconductor material to grow a semiconductor thin film on the substrate. A holder (9) which maintains the substrate in slanting position is vertically moved in and out of the solution.    USE - For optical transducers e.g. solar battery, photosensor and light emitting diode.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate is maintained in a slanting position in a holder. Therefore, shock during immersion of substrate in the solution is reduced thus suppressing the nucleus growth in the solution. Semiconductor thin film of uniform thickness and excellent quality is provided. The substrate is rotated at high speed therefore the solution remaining on the surface is removed. High-performance semiconductor device is provided economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus used for manufacturing semiconductor thin film. The substrate holder is vertically moved in and out of the melting pot (3) containing the solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing apparatus of semiconductor thin film.    solution (2)    melting pot (3)    holder (9)    substrate (10)
NOVELTY - The compound semiconductor substrate has a lower buffer layer (3) and upper buffer layer (5), comprising compound semiconductor, formed on a silicon substrate (1). A compound semiconductor layer with an energy gap larger than that of upper buffer layer is formed between lower and upper buffer layers.    USE - For high-frequency semiconductor devices, light-emitting devices and high-efficiency solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Quality of the semiconductor layer is improved. Electric insulation between compound semiconductor layer and substrate is increased. The manufacture is inexpensive. Electron mobility is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of compound semiconductor substrate. A silicon substrate is heat treated in arsenic atmosphere. An initial film of lower buffer layer (2) is formed on the silicon substrate followed by formation of lower buffer layer. Heat annealing of lower buffer layer is performed and upper buffer layer is formed on it. A compound semiconductor layer is then formed between the buffer layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of compound semiconductor substrate.    silicon substrate (1)    initial film of lower buffer layer (2)    lower buffer layer (3)    upper buffer layer (5)
NOVELTY - Separator (20) comprises a conducting metal plate (22), a conducting coating membrane (24) on the plate so that the separator contacts the electrode, and a stationary coating membrane (26) on the conducting plate so that the conducting membrane is not on the metal plate.    USE - Used for an electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrical resistance between the separator and the electrode is kept low, and the problem of rust from the metal plate is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a separator comprising placing a conducting coating membrane on the conducting metal plate so that the separator contacts the electrode, and then applying the stationary coating membrane on the plate so that the conducting membrane is not on the plate. The stationary coating membrane has a stronger adhesion to the metal plate than the conducting coating membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of a part of a separator for a fuel cell.    Separator (20)    Conducting metal plate (22)    Conducting coating membrane (24)    Stationary coating membrane (26)
NOVELTY - An organic solvent in which lithium sulfide and sulfur are soluble is used to convert a metal oxide, which is insoluble in the solvent, into a lithiated material is suitable for use in an electrochemical cell.    USE - Production of lithiated material used in an electrochemical cell (claimed) especially lithiated vanadium oxides or lithium vanadium oxides used as cathode material.    ADVANTAGE - Process is simple and applicable to variety of metal oxides, producing high energy density lithium-containing cathode materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of converting a metal oxide into a lithiated material, involves:    (1) adding lithium sulfide (Li2S) to an organic solvent, in which Li2S and S are soluble but the metal oxide is insoluble;    (2) contacting the metal oxide with Li2S in the solvent to form lithiated material and elemental sulfur dissolved in the solvent;    (3) removing the lithiated material.
NOVELTY - Formation of beta-iron silicide thin film by a laser ablation involves manufacture of iron silicide (FeSi2) alloy by melting or sintering iron and silicon in atomic ratio 1:2 at 500 degrees C. Subsequently depositing a thin film of FeSi2 (beta-phase) on a substrate by pulse laser ablation using the laser in the ultra-violet region.    USE - For optical device material, high-efficiency solar battery material and heat-electrical resistance material.    ADVANTAGE - Thin film is formed at low substrate temperature and manufacture of beta-FeSi2 is cheap without annealing.
NOVELTY - A borosilicate glass of specified composition has properties that enable the glass to be drawn as microsheet, a transmission more than 90% at wavelengths between 380 - 1200 nm, a sharp cutoff between 310 - 370 nm and a transmission not more than 50% at 330 nm.    USE - Borosilicate glass is used as solar cell cover glass (claimed). Solar cells are used on spacecraft as power sources.    ADVANTAGE - The glass has a high solar spectral transmission, a sharp cutoff in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum and a low bulk resistivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The glass has a composition consisting of (wt.%): silica (SiO2) 59 - 69; boron trioxide (B2O3) 8.5 - 14; alumina (Al2O3) 2 - 2.5; sodium oxide (Na2O) 5.5 - 12.5; potassium oxide (K2O) 0 - 8; zinc oxide (ZnO) 6.5 - 8.5; cerium oxide (CeO2) 0.25 - 3; titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0.1 - 1; cerium oxide + titanium dioxide 0.5 - 4; and antimony oxide (Sb2O3) 0 - 0.5.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell containing a microsheet cover glass having properties and composition of the above borosilicate glass.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device comprises an electrically conductive substrate having a layer containing semiconductor particles upon it , a charge transport layer and a counter electrode. The semiconductor particle layer comprises two or more adsorbed dyes.    USE - The device is used in photovoltaic power generation applications such as solar electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The devices have markedly improved conversion efficiency when compared to prior art devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a cell comprising the above device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross sectional view of an photoelectric conversion device cell according to the invention.    Glass (1, 7)    Conductive layer (2)    TiO2 electrode layer (3)    Dye layer (4)    Electrolytic solution (5)    Platinum layer (6)
NOVELTY - Chalcogenide layer production, by interaction of metal and metal compound layer systems with selenium or sulfur ions, is new.    USE - For production of chalcogenide semiconductor thin films, especially copper chalcopyrite films for thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The process uses a precisely controllable flux of chalcogen atoms and fragments, instead of a difficultly controllable flux of chalcogen molecules, to allow desired variation of these reaction partners at any time and of the thermal energy supply for chemical reaction. Additionally, the process allows chalcogenide formation over large surfaces and the kinetic energy of the high velocity incident ions promotes re-ordering and reaction processes to allow film growth at reduced substrate temperatures to permit use of extremely light flexible substrates such as metallized plastic foils.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Chalcogenide layers are produced by interaction of metal and metal compound layer systems with selenium or sulfur ions of less than 1 keV energy, the ion beams providing all or part of the chalcogen quantity and thermal energy for complete reaction.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of an oxide film involves subjecting surface of metal substrate to anodic oxidation. The anodized film formed on the metal substrate is processed hydrothermally and coated by the coating liquid containing microparticles of an oxide, metal alkoxide or metallic salt solution, to form an oxide film.    USE - The method is used for forming oxide film on semiconductor electrode of pigment sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables quick formation of thick porous oxide film on metal substrates. The oxide film used for semiconductor electrode of pigment sensitization type solar battery. Increases amount of adsorption of sensitizing dye per unit area of an electrode and amount of electric current.
NOVELTY - Two nitride semiconductor layers interposing a protective film are formed on a sapphire substrate. The semiconductor layers are selectively etched to film a step-shaped stripe on the substrate. The off angle range of etched substrate is 0.10-0.20degrees.    USE - For LED, super luminescent diode, LD, solar battery, photosensor or transistor.    ADVANTAGE - By growth of nitride semiconductor layer, substrate surface is smoothened, thus LED yield is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of nitride semiconductor substrate.
NOVELTY - An insulated membrane (3), lower electrode (4), thin film semiconductor layer (5) and upper electrode (6) are sequentially formed on substrate (1) via a sub layer (2). The insulated membrane is formed by sol gel in bath, whose composition is different from sub layer composition.    USE - Especially for insulation structure of roof mounting type thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Peeling in electrode material boundary surface is prevented, thus reduction of photoelectric conversion efficiency due to poor insulation is prevented and hence stable solar battery with outstanding insulating property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of thin film solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view explaining the steps involved in solar battery manufacture.    Sub layer (1)    Sub layer (2)    Insulated membrane (3)    Lower part electrode (4)    Thin film semiconductor layer (5)    Upper electrode (6)
NOVELTY - A transparent electrode (12) and an amorphous silicon layer (13) are sequentially formed on a substrate (11). A transparent electrode material layer (14) is formed by ion plating at a frequency of 13.56 MHz or more, before forming a rear side electrode (15) on electrode material layer.    USE - For manufacturing amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesion strength of amorphous silicon layer and rear side electrode are improved, since transparent material layer is provided in between.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of amorphous silicon solar battery.    Substrate (11)    Transparent electrode (12)    Amorphous silicon layer (13)    Transparent electrode material layer (14)    Rear side electrode (15)
NOVELTY - An LaGaO3 sintered body comprises lanthanum, gallium, oxygen, and at least one of other elements, and has at least three crystal phases of different composition formulae.    USE - LaGaO3-based sintered body, for oxygen-permeable membrane, a reactor, a sensor device. Can be used as an electrolyte of a solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A LaGaO3 sintered body having improved mechanical strength is obtained without impairing the high electrical conductivity. A sensor device is provided with a reduced interfacial resistance between an oxide ion-conducting solid electrode and a noble metal electrode and therefore exhibits greatly improved oxygen pumping ability and works satisfactorily even in temperatures of 700 degreesC or lower.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a sensor device comprising an oxide ion-conducting solid electrolyte comprising an LaGaO3 sintered body.
NOVELTY - A thin-film semiconductor device is fabricated by forming a porous layer and a semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate and forming devices and contacts in the semiconductor layer. A support is then attached to the surface of the device overlying the metal connections and the substrate is removed by wet etching the porous layer. The support acts as a mask during the wet etching step. The porous layer is formed on the substrate preferably by electroless etching.    USE - In manufacture of thin-film power or opto-electronic devices such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple, low cost and reliable and allows the substrate to be re-used.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a thin-film silicon solar cell formed by the method of the invention.    Substrate (1)    Device passivation layer (9)    Contacts (12,13)    Support made of e.g. plastic (14)
NOVELTY - The integrated screen and protector edge (110) comprises a screen portion with openings, and an integral protector edge about the periphery of the screen portion.    USE - For electrochemical cells, e.g. electrolysis cells or fuel cells, particularly for integrated membranes, electrode support screens and protector rings.    ADVANTAGE - The protector ring and screen assembly provides protection for, and structural integrity to, the membrane and electrode, without adversely affecting the cell's mass flow characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a screen sub-assembly, comprising a first screen layer with a screen portion having first openings, an integral protector edge about the periphery of the screen portion, and at least one subsequent screen layer having second openings. The subsequent screen layer is arranged parallel to and in contact with the first screen layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross sectional view of the electrochemical cell, showing the integrated membrane and electrode support screen and protector ring.    Integrated screen and protector edge (110)
NOVELTY - The substrate (1) which has a crude surface is sliced using machining. The unevenness (9) is formed by etching, after slicing the substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing apparatus.    USE -   For manufacture of high efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   Etching liquid is prepared beforehand, and can be produced from initial stage, thereby etching liquid is produced easily, which is a continuously controllable one. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the surface- treatment procedure of substrate for solar battery. (1) Substrate; (9) Unevenness.
NOVELTY - An electric insulating layer which consists of heat resistance resin of 3-50 volume% mixed with pigment having mean diameter of 0.1-3 microns is formed on a metal substrate surface. The electric insulating layer has surface roughness of 0.3-1.5 microns of Rmaxes. The pigment used is selected among titanium oxide, alumina, silica.    USE - USE For amorphous silicon thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - ADVANTAGE Since surface roughness is given to the electric insulating layer, an effective texture structure in improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained and an amorphous silicon thin film without breakage is obtained. Offers amorphous silicon thin film solar batteries with high electricity generation output property.
NOVELTY - An electrical contact connection (10), is corrosion protected by a glass-ceramic layer (14).    USE - Especially as an electrical contact between a nickel wire mesh and a CrFe5Y2O31 interconnector in a high temperature fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The corrosion protective layer provides a long term stable and chemically inert barrier to corrosion in an oxygen-containing gas even at up to 950 degrees C to prevent increase in electrical resistance resulting from corrosion (e.g. chromium oxide formation), thus ensuring long term high conductivity of the contact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A corrosion protected electrical contact (10) comprises a metallic component (11), electrically connected to a conductor (12) at a contact region (13), and a corrosion protective layer (14) of a glass-ceramic, comprising crystals embedded in a glass component, for gas-tight sealing of the contact region and for (partially) covering the metallic component.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for production of the above corrosion protected electrical contact.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of an electrical contact according to the invention.    Electrical contact (10)    Metal sheet (11)    Conductor wire (12)    Contact region (13)    Corrosion protective layer (14)
NOVELTY - Electrode comprises carbon particles, a catalyst material and a solid polymer electrolyte. The catalyst material contains two or more types of metal elements and is applied to the surface of the carbon particles in contact with the proton-conducting passageways.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Utilization of the catalyst is increased and alloying of the catalyst is simplified.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the electrode comprising adsorbing a catalyst starting material onto a solid polymer electrolyte in a mixture containing electrolyte and carbon particles, and reducing the catalyst starting material.
NOVELTY - Detecting fluid leak in fuel cell involves introducing fluid containing a tracer into a passage (13) in the cell assembly. A second fluid is introduced into another passage (21) and remains isolated from the first fluid in the absence of a leak. The exhaust stream of the second fluid is monitored to detect presence of tracer.    USE - Detecting leak in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Fluid is introduced into both reactant fluid passages for leak testing, thus reducing chance of damage to the thin membrane caused by pressure differentials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the fuel cell assembly comprising electrodes, fluid passages, electrolyte, reactants, coolant, tracer supply (28) and detector (32).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of the fuel cell with tracer supply and detector.    First fluid passage (13)    Second fluid passage (21)    Tracer supply (28)    Tracer detector (32)
NOVELTY - A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) comprises (i) a fluorine-containing cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and (ii) on both sides of CEM layers of a porous electrode material containing an electrocatalyst (A); an inactive electrical conductor (B) and an agglutinating fluoropolymer (I).    USE - MEA are useful in fuel cells, water electrolysis units or for other electrochemical purposes.    ADVANTAGE - Compared with known assemblies, MEA have better electrochemical properties, especially reduced catalyst content, improved catalyst utilization and longer lifetime. Also they are prepared more quickly and simply. The degree of crystallinity and the nature of the porosity gradient are important in determining electrochemcial properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - CEM consists of a hydrolyzed copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and vinyl ether (VE); contains perfluorosulfuric acid groups and has degree of crystallinity 2-8 wt.% and equivalent weight 900-1300. The coating layers have porosity 40-70%, decreasing in the direction of the surface of CEM with porosity gradient 5-15% per micron. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for preparing MEA.
NOVELTY - An inductive coupling structure having cusp regions is provided in the plasma chamber. A substantial portion of plasma is confined to a region which is away from the wall of vacuum chamber. The plasma supplied to the chamber is a hydrogen bearing plasma of H1+ particles.    USE - For implanting particles for manufacture of integrated circuits and also for other substrates such as multilayered integrated circuit device, 3D packaging of integrated semiconductor devices, photonic devices, piezoelectronic devices, actuators, sensors, solar cells, flat panel display, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Improved technique is achieved for introducing impurities into substrate, since plasma source is ignited at a highly efficient proton state.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for plasma treatment system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of plasma treatment system.
NOVELTY - A catalytic selective oxidation reactor comprises reactor vessel (1) with central jacket (counter-current cooling) (5) mounted within the reactor; and stage(s) having two feedstock inlets (2, 8), static mixer (9a), and catalytic reaction zone (4).    USE - For catalytic selective oxidation reactions. It is useful for cleaning up of reformate which maybe from methanol, oxygenated fuels, gasoline, or other hydrocarbon fuels.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is compact, simple, inexpensive to manufacture, and exhibits relatively low pressure drop.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for partial oxidation process of carbon monoxide (CO) removal from a hydrogen feedstock, comprising admixing the feedstock with oxygen; passing the resulting mixture over a selective oxidation catalyst in a selective oxidation zone; and recovering a hydrogen product with reduced content of CO, while simultaneously cooling the selective oxidation zone by counter-current coolant flow.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a catalytic selective oxidation reactor.    Reactor vessel (1)    Feedstock inlets (2, 8)    Catalytic reaction zone (4)    Central jacket (5)    Static mixer (9a)
NOVELTY - The sheet contains carbon powder of 65-90 wt%, binder of 5-20 wt% and pulp of 5-20 wt%. Thickness of carbon powder is 0.05 - 2 mm. Specific gravity and volume resistivity of sheet are 0.8-1.3 g/cm3 and 0.2 Ohmcm, respectively. The blowhole diameter is about 1-20 micron. The permeability of the sheet is about 0.001-10cc/cm2/min/mmAq. The average particle diameter of carbon powder is about 5-30 micron.    USE - For polymeric type fuel batteries, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Improves chemical resistance, electric conductivity, strength heat conductivity, air transmittance, compressive strength due to provision of specific mean particle diameter of carbon powder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of electroconductive porous carbon sheet.
NOVELTY - Modifier has a modification reaction part (10) to which the heating gas is supplied and modified in presence of hydrogen enriched gas. The modification reaction part comprises 0.5-1.5 wt.% of molybdenum, 40-50 wt.% of chromium and 48 wt.% of nickel along with unavoidable impurities as remainder.    USE - For modifying hydrocarbon group heating gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), methane, naphtha, kerosene, methanol and gasoline supplied to fuel battery or engine.    ADVANTAGE - The oxidation, deformation, corrosion, methane slip and carbon precipitation during operation of modifier, are prevented. The strength of modifier is excellent even at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for modification reaction part used in modifier. The component contains molybdenum, chromium and nickel along with unavoidable impurities as remainder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of modifier.    Modification reaction part (10)
NOVELTY - A primary cylinder (1) filled with combustion catalyst (8) is surrounded by a secondary cylinder (2) filled with modification catalyst (9) subsequently surrounded by an outer cylinder (3). The outer cylinder has an exit sideboard (5) and an entrance sideboard (4) with a fuel mouth (6). The outer circumferential surfaces of the cylinders consists of perforated panel (10).    USE - For hydrogen gas manufacture from fuels such as hydrocarbons, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas or methanol and water vapor used in solid polymeric type fuel batteries of electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - As primary and secondary cylinders are filled with combustion and modification catalysts, heat due to partial oxidation is transmitted by modification catalyst so as to increase thermal efficiency. As cylinders are used, the modifier becomes compact with good pressure resistance and excellent manufacturing property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The entrance sideboard has fuel mouth that supplies fuel, air or oxygen and water vapor into primary cylinder. An air vent sends air or oxygen between primary and secondary cylinders. Alternately, a partition cylinder is arranged inside the primary hollow cylinder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel modifier.    Primary cylinder (1)    Secondary cylinder (2)    Outer cylinder (3)    Entrance sideboard (4)    Exit sideboard(6) Fuel mouth (5)    Combustion catalyst (8)    Modification catalyst (9)    Perforated panel (10)
NOVELTY - Reactive gas is fed to fuel cell (1) through inlet (11) and residual gas is evacuated through outlet (12). Recurrently and successively, gas pressure in at least one reference region between inlet (11) and outlet (12) is increased and then lowered, to create gas turbulence during at least part of its transit and on at least a part of the gas path between the inlet and outlet.    USE - Improved constancy of performance of the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The circulation and feeding of the reactive gas to the fuel cell is assured in a dynamic manner and the 'lung' effect created assures a contribution of gas to all points in the cell between the inlet and outlet to the cell, whilst preventing the accumulation of water in the liquid state in certain places.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for the feed device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows part of the feed circuit for a fuel cell according to the invention.    Fuel cell (1)    Gas inlet (11)    Gas outlet (12)    Valve (15)
NOVELTY - A photoelectric conversion device comprises semiconductor particles sensitized by a polymethine dye.    USE - The photoelectric conversion devices are used in photoelectrochemical cells such as silicon based solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric conversion devices show excellent photoelectric characteristics such as high efficiency and are less expensive than prior art ruthenium based cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric conversion device comprises semiconductor particles sensitized by a polymethine dye of formula (I) or (II):    Q, Q' = group necessary to complete a 5 or 6 membered optionally substituted nitrogen containing heterocycle;    Z, Z' = group necessary to complete a 5-9 membered heterocycle containing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur;    L1-L10 = optionally substituted methine;    m, p = 0-4;    n, o = 0 or 1    R = substituent; and    W, W' = counterion.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a photoelectrochemical cell comprising the above photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross section of an photoelectrochemical cell according to the invention.    Glass substrate (1)    Conductor layer (2)    TiO2 electrode (3)    Dye layer (4)    Electrolytic solution (5)    Pt layer (6)    Glass (7)
NOVELTY - Passivation of the surface of a semiconductor material, optionally covered with natural semiconductor oxide, involves treating the surface with a passivating solution containing polyfluorinated hydrocarbon with acid side group(s) and drying.    USE - The process is used for passivating a semiconductor element, especially a silicon semiconductor element, which is used in a semiconductor device, especially a solar cell. (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The surface recombination velocity is small, stable and largely independent of the density of generated or injected excess charge carriers (electrons or holes). The process does not damage the semiconductor from and is simple, even on semiconductors with a natural oxide film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section through a solar with a polymeric passivation film.    Silicon semiconductor element (2)    Passivating film (3)    Doped regions (4, 5)    Terminal contacts (6, 7)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell is system supplying electric power comprises: (1) an electrolyte (8); (2) a cathode catalyst (20) between a cathode substrate (18) and the electrolyte on one side of the electrolyte; (3) an anode catalyst (12) between an anode substrate (10) and the electrolyte on the opposite side of the electrolyte; (4) a cathode flow field (2) having an inlet for flowing oxidant in contact with the cathode, the cathode field being vented to permit release of exhaust; (5) an oxidant pump (30) for pumping oxidant to the cathode flow field inlet; (6) an anode flow field (2') for allowing a stream of hydrogen to contact the anode, the anode field having an exhaust; (7) a hydrogen source (22) for the anode flow field; and (8) an anode flow field exhaust line connecting the exhaust of the anode flow field to a hydrogen/oxidant catalytic surface, where hydrogen in the exhaust of the anode flow field will be combusted.    USE - For dissipating residual fuel emanating from the anode flow field of a fuel call so that the flow is sufficient to purge inert residue which accumulates on the anode side of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell system for supplying electric power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a part of a fuel cell system.    Cathode flow field plate (2)    Anode flow field plate (2')    Electrolytic membrane (8)    Anode substrate (10)    Anode catalyst layer (12)    Cathode flow field (16)    Anode flow field (16')    Cathode substrate (18)    Cathode catalyst layer (20)    Hydrogen supply line (24)    Hydrogen supply regulator (28)    Air blower (30)    Anode exhaust (50)    Flammability sensor (54)    Gas composition analyzer (57)    Catalytic converter (69)    Cathode oxidant stream (74)
NOVELTY - The separator (26) includes a flat plate (26a) as part of a reactive chamber of a fuel cell (20A), and a number of projections (26b) on the flat plate (26a) brought in contact with electrodes (25a) of the fuel cell (20A, 25b). The projections (26b) are formed of a conducting material different from the flat plate (26a).    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The separator (26) is less expensive than the conventional separator made entirely of carbon. Since a fuel cell (20A) includes many of such separators (26), the fuel cell (20A) can be manufactured at much lower cost than those of the same type according to prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The invention relates to a fuel cell (20A) using a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas as reactive gases, a separator (26) of the fuel cell (20A), and a method of manufacturing the separator (26). The separator (26) includes a flat plate (26a) as part of a reactive chamber of a fuel cell (20A), and a number of projections (26b) provided on the flat plate (26a) and brought in contact with electrodes (25a) of the fuel cell (20A). The projections (26b) are formed of a conducting material different from the flat plate (26a). Projections (26b) can be formed of carbon powder compressed in the shape of pillars, and they can be fitted into holes in a plastic flat plate (26a) to form the separator (26).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows the fuel cell.    Fuel cell (20A)    Fuel cell electrodes (25a)    Separator (26)    Flat plate (26a)    Projections (26b)
NOVELTY - A proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a reformate fuel stream having acceptable level of carbon monoxide impurity.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell provides better performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A proton exchange membrane fuel cell includes a reformate fuel stream having a diluted hydrogen (H) fuel, acceptable level of carbon monoxide (CO) impurity, and air; a polymer electrolyte membrane (14) having an electrocatalytic surface comprising an anode side on which a mixture of an electrocatalyst (13) and a polymer is bonded; and an anode made of a porous electrically conductive material (12) abutting the electrocatalytic surface and having an oxidation catalyst layer (18) for catalyzing CO oxidation by the oxygen. The catalyst layer is derived from a precious metal and a hydrophobic material, which does not form an ionic conduction path between the hydrophobic material and the membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded cross-section of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.    Electrically conductive material (12)    Electrocatalyst (13)    Polymer electrolyte membrane (14)    Oxidation catalyst layer (18)
NOVELTY - Cover material for solar cell is formed by laminating for integration transparent, high-moisture-proof film and transparent, high-light-fastness film of excellent UV resistance.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - A transparent film combining a moisture-proof feature with a light-fast feature can reduce the weight of the solar cell and improve its shock-resistance and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell cover material (11) is formed by laminating for integration a transparent, high-moisture-proof film (12) and a transparent, high-light-fastness film (13) having excellent ultraviolet resistance. A solar cell cover material is formed by laminating for integration a transparent, high-moisture-proof film and a transparent, high-light-fastness film with an adhesive containing an ultraviolet absorber. A solar cell cover material is formed by laminating for integration a transparent, high-moisture-proof film and a transparent, high-light-fastness film with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin adhesive containing an ultraviolet absorber and a crosslinking agent. A solar cell cover material comprises a high-light-fastness, high-moisture-proof, transparent film prepared by forming an inorganic oxide coating film on the front surface of a transparent base material film blended with an ultraviolet absorber. A solar cell cover material/sealing film is formed by laminating for integration the cover film and an EVA film. A solar cell is formed by sealing solar cell elements between the cover material and a rear-surface-side protection member.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - solar cell cover material (11)    high-moisture-proof film (12)    high-light-fastness film (13)
NOVELTY - The field has one or more channels having a depth of less than 800psim and a width of less than 800 psim. The field has several channels having a pitch of less than 800psim. An active area has channels separated by land areas, where the land area is less than 25% of the active area of the flow field. The channels have a depth of less than 800psim and a width of less than 800psim.    USE - For membrane electrode assemblies in electrochemical cells such as fuels cells.    ADVANTAGE - Water can be actively moved through channels of narrow depth or width that have little hydraulic pressure drop maintaining accessibility of reactants to entire cell active area.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a diffuser current collector.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a graph of voltage vs current density representing the polarization curves for three fuel cells according to the invention.
NOVELTY - Process involves providing a melt level reference signal, generating a melt level signal representative of the level of molten silicon in the silicon melt furnace, and providing a feed rate control signal representative of any difference between the melt level signal and the melt level reference signal.    USE - In silicon web growth technology, e.g. for production of silicon substrates for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Melt level detection resolutions as fine as 0.1 mm and real-time control of the absolute melt position to within 0.5 mm are provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The feed rate control signal is visually displayed to an operator for manually controlling the feed rate of the silicon feed material to the furnace.    The melt level signal is generated by directing a laser beam onto the surface of the molten silicon in the furnace and causing the deflected beam to impinge upon a position detector.    The feed rate control signal is obtained by averaging the value of successive melt level signals, comparing the value of a current melt level with the current average, using the value of a current melt level signal to obtain a new average if the value of the current melt level signal differs from the current average by less than a threshold amount, and discarding the current multilevel signal when the difference is greater than the threshold amount.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a method of calibrating a melt level signal sensing system used to control the amount of silicon feed material fed to a silicon melt furnace in a silicon crystal web growing installation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the sensor system according to the invention.
NOVELTY - The glass composition contains SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2 and SO3 in predetermined weight ratio. The Na2O elusion amount of glass, when immersed for 24 hours to the distilled ion exchange water at 95degreesC is below 1.2 mug/cm2 and the brittle value of 6500 m-1/2.    USE - The glass is used for amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The glass excels in durability and transparency is maintained for long time.
NOVELTY - An inert gas (8) is supplied from a gas pipe (5) to a casting mold (2) in which molten metal (7) is received. A tabular lid (6) is installed at bottom end of gas pipe (5) for covering the opening of casting lid. A heater (3) is arranged in upper portion of casting mold. Gap (14) is formed on circumference of lid for ejection of foreign material from the mold.    USE - For casting silicon polycrystal used for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents using of reaction product of heater and prevents mixing of foreign material to the molten metal by providing lid between molten metal bath surfaces and heater. Prevents deterioration of heater by preventing reaction between gas generated from the molten metal and heater. Obtains highly pure ingot by casting, by ejecting generated gas and unwanted foreign material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional side view of casting apparatus.    Casting mold (2)    Heater (3)    Gas pipe (5)    Tabular lid (6)    Molten metal (7)    Inert gas (8)    Gap (14)
NOVELTY - A chalcopyrite type compound film is deposited on a substrate (12) by vacuum deposition or sputtering method. An ion beam with chalcogenide element is radiated at acceleration voltage not more than 300V. Then another ion beam which contains noble gas elements with mass larger than Ne is radiated at an acceleration voltage of 100-300V.    USE - For acceleration layer of solar battery, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Chalcopyrite phase can be obtained without performing heat treatment or sulfiding process. Omission of chalcogenide element is effectively prevented by forming thin film by sputtering or vacuum spreading at particular voltage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic composition of film forming apparatus.    Substrate (12)
NOVELTY - Fuel battery separator (101) comprises: an electroconductive collector with channels for flowing gas; and a manifold portion (103) including gas introduction holes connected to the channels of the collector portion (102).    USE - For various fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Production costs are low. Electroconductive property is high. Gas tightness is high. High dimensional stability is achieved, with dimensional variation of products small, and mechanical strength is high.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The manifold portion (103) surrounds a circumferential edge portion of the collector portion for integration with it. The collector portion (102) contains a resin binder. The manifold portion contains a composition different from the collector portion. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the separator, which comprises: forming the collector portion containing at least the resin binder and an electroconductive filler; and integrating the collector portion with the manifold portion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the external appearance of a separator.    separator (101)    collector portion (102)    manifold portion (103)
NOVELTY - An amorphous silicon solar cell comprises (11), a transparent electrode (12) formed on the substrate, a power-generating film (16) formed on the transparent electrode (12), and a back-side electrode (17) formed on the power-generating film (16).    USE - Amorphous silicon solar cell for solar cell power generation system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The power-generating film (16) is formed by sequentially stacking p-type/i-type/n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers (13, 14, 15). The defect density of the i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer (14) is less than 1015defects/cc.
NOVELTY - The reformer uses oxygen to perform a partial oxidation reforming reaction, which primarily occurs in the central area of an internal chamber. A steam reforming reaction primarily occurs in an outer peripheral area in the vicinity of the inner surface of the outer wall of the internal chamber.    USE - For reforming a hydrocarbon raw material, e.g. methane, methanol etc., to produce hydrogen for fuel cell fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The reformation efficiency is improved, and the outer wall is maintained at a relatively low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reformer (10) has an internal space enclosed by an outer wall (12), and combines a steam reforming reaction and a partial oxidation reforming reaction, to produce a fuel gas containing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon raw material.    The reformer comprises:    (a) a hydrocarbon raw material supply, that supplies the internal chamber;    (b) a steam supply (13) that supplies steam into the internal chamber such the amount of steam increases from the center towards the inner surface of the outer wall; and    (c) an oxygen supply that supplies oxygen into the internal chamber the amount of oxygen increases from the inner surface of the outer wall toward the center.    The partial oxidation reforming reaction primarily occurs in the central area (14) of the internal chamber. The steam reforming reaction primarily occurs in an outer peripheral area (16) in the vicinity of the inner surface of the outer wall.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a fuel reforming method using the above reformer; and    (2) a fuel cell system including a fuel cell that generates electricity by being supplied with reformed gas from the above reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the reformer.    reformer (10)    outer wall (12)    steam supply (13)    central area (14)    outer peripheral area (16)
NOVELTY - Solar cell production, comprising etching of tiny concave and convex surface patterns on a silicon substrate by immersion in an aqueous sodium carbonate solution, is new.    USE - In silicon solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces an absorption improving surface structure of high uniformity without the high process and disposal costs involved with use of an etching solution containing isopropyl alcohol.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The etching solution is an aqueous 8-23 wt.% Na2CO3 solution, optionally mixed with an aqueous NaOH solution and/or an aqueous NaHCO3 solution, and is used at 80-100degreesC.
NOVELTY - A pressurized gas storage arrangement comprises a closed container (11) with an inlet/outlet (14), and containing a carbon nano-structure conglomerate adsorbent of higher apparent density than the original carbon material. The container also has a gas contents gauge (20).    USE - Gas storage, particularly hydrogen at up to 150 bar, e.g. fuel supply for hydrogen propelled vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Use of carbon nano-structures as adsorbent particles in cylinders provides significantly greater storage capacity than the previously used finely divided metal , and the weight of the cylinder is also reduced. The system allows the use of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detector device as a cost effective fuel / contents gauge.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The use of a hydrogen storage container filled with carbon nano-structures is CLAIMED . The preferred form of container is a cylinder , which may be of metal or fibre-reinforced plastics construction. The carbon nano-structures may typically be nano-fibres or nano-tubes e.g. (35nm o.d. x 10nm i.d.), and these may be embedded in gas permeable polymer e.g. styrene. The carbon nano-structures may alternatively be loaded as pressed pellets or discs, either loose or in a stack of containment cans (75). A heating / cooling system (40) may be provided to assist gas withdrawal e.g. heating to meet fuel demand peaks , and cooling to assist filling. The contents measurement device (20) is preferably an NMR device containing both a permanent magnet and an ac electro-magnet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure shows a storage cylinder in section.    storage cylinder (11)    gas inlet/outlet (14)    contents / fuel gauge (20)    heating / cooling system (40,41,42)    carbon nano-structure conglomerate. (60,61)
NOVELTY - The hydrocarbon fuel gas reformer or partial oxidation reaction device comprises fuel gas passages with an alumina coating which protects the interior of the passages against corrosion. At least portions of the alumina coating are overlain by an alkaline earth metal oxide coating substituted with an alkali metal oxide which inhibits carbon deposition in the passages.    USE - To catalytically convert fuel gas, e.g. natural gas or heavier hydrocarbons into primary constituents of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon build-up and deposition on the surfaces of internal components of the reformer assemblies are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrocarbon fuel gas reformer or partial oxidation reaction device comprises fuel gas passage(s) (2) for receiving a mixture of fuel gas, steam and air as required. The fuel gas passages have an alumina coating which protects the interior of the passages against corrosion, and at least portions of the alumina coating are overlain by an alkaline earth metal oxide coating substituted with an alkali metal oxide which inhibits carbon deposition in the passages.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a carbon deposition-resistant component for use in a hydrocarbon fuel reformer or a partial oxidation reaction device, comprising providing a component which has an alumina surface, providing a suspension of an alkali metal-substituted alkaline earth metal compound, coating the component with the colloidal suspension, and heating the coated component to convert the suspension into an amorphous or polycrystalline coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show a fragmented cross-sectional drawing of a fuel gas reformer passage.    Fuel gas passage (2)    Packed bed (12)
NOVELTY - Thin film (11) with Group III and Group VI elements is formed on a base material (10). The temperature of base material is maintained below 600degreesC. Thin film (12) including Cu and Group IV element, is formed on base material (10). The formation of film (12) is completed before atomic number of Cu increases more than that of Group III element.    USE - For manufacturing compound semiconductor thin film used in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Obtains good semiconductor thin film, without increasing the temperature of substrate. Manufactures solar battery with high reliability and high yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process diagram of manufacturing method of compound semiconductor thin film.    Base material (10)    Thin films (11,12)
NOVELTY - Transparent electrically conductive film formed on the glass substrate by pyrosol method consists of tin dioxide with a surface diffraction strength ranging between 5-80. Cadmium sulfide is then formed above the transparent electrically conductive film after which p-type semiconductor film consisting of cadmium telluride is formed.    USE - Transparent electrically conductive films are used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - By providing diffraction strength of surface ranging between predetermined values, light transmission can be made high and transparent electrically conductive film with low resistance factor can be obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the characteristic diagram of solar battery.
NOVELTY - The nitride semiconductor layer (203) is formed on heterogeneous substrate (201) having steps (23) on top surface. A step (22) is provided in flat terrace (21) of semiconductor layer.    USE - In blue laser diode, LED of LED display, solar battery, photosensor and transistor, power device.    ADVANTAGE - Since extremely flat terrace is provided, substrate endurance is improved and threshold value current is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of laser diode.    Flat terrace (21)    Step (22,23)    Heterogeneous substrate (201)    Nitride semiconductor layer (203)
NOVELTY - Electrolyte sheets (1A-1D) are arranged between electrolytic materials (2A-2C), which is provided between pair of electrodes (3). Electrolyte sheet has melting point of more than 580degreesC which is upper limit temperature of pit corrosion region.    USE - For corrosion suppression of carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Pit like corrosion at cathode side separator on initial baking of fuel battery is suppressed by providing electrolyte sheet between electrolyte material, the sheet having predetermined melting point.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of carbonate type fuel battery.    Electrolyte sheets (1A-1D)    Electrolytic materials (2A-2C)    Electrode (3)
NOVELTY - Melting of the alloy comprising chalcopyrite type compound is performed by high frequency heating apparatus (14). Rapid solidification of the melted alloy metal is done by dripping it on a copper roll (11) to form a ribbon-shaped absorption layer.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform thickness of the absorption layer is obtained by dripping the alloy metal on the rapid cooling metal roll through the nozzle. Improves processing due to simple procedure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory manufacturing method of absorption layer of solar battery.    copper roll (11)    high frequency heating apparatus (14)
NOVELTY - An absorption layer (3) containing chalcopyrite type compound thin film and a cadmium (Cd) supply layer (4) are formed sequentially above the substrate (1). By irradiating ions on the layers, a mixing layer (5) having absorption and Cd supply layers is formed, above which a buffer layer is formed.    USE - For manufacturing chalcopyrite type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the cadmium doped layer is formed on the surface of absorption layer, the joining between buffer layers is performed satisfactorily. Solar battery with high efficiency is manufactured, even if buffer layer is formed by sputtering method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the formation of mixing layer during solar battery manufacturing method.    Substrate (1)    Absorption layer (3)    Cadmium supply layer (4)    Mixing layer (5)
NOVELTY - A peeling layer (12) formed on single crystal silicon substrate (10), is patterned to expose a portion of substrate. An amorphous silicon layer (14) is formed on the exposed surface and peeling layer, and is heat treated by solid phase growth to form a crystalline silicon layer. Holes are formed on crystalline silicon layer to etch peeling layer, so that substrate is joined to silicon layer.    USE - The method is used for manufacturing a silicon solar battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The peeling layer has crystallinity and etching rate different from that of the silicon substrate. The amorphous silicon layer is heat treated for 1000degreesC or less. After joining the substrate to crystalline silicon layer, they are peeled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of multilayer body manufacturing method.    Silicon substrate (10)    Peeling layer (12)    Amorphous silicon layer (14)
NOVELTY - A metal oxide film is formed on one surface of a transparent board (1) which has a transparent electrically conductive film on it. An electroconductive bound with roughness of 10-1000 mum is formed by etching its surface with acid or alkali solution. The substrates which have sensitivity dye adhered on their surfaces are joined by injecting on electrolyte in the space formed due to the joint.    USE - For manufacturing pigment sensation type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Even if electroconductive bound is thin, the area of pigment sensitization type solar battery is made large to absorb more light.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of the pigment sensitization type solar battery.    Transparent board (1)
NOVELTY - High pressure cylinder (22) filled with hydrogen gas is connected to the container (11) which has water to be purified. Based on the pressure of hydrogen, the water passes through a porous film and refined water is supplied to fuel gas passage way with hydrogen.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Pure water is obtained without using compressor. Efficiency of apparatus is raised with size reduction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    Container (11)    High pressure cylinder (22)
NOVELTY - Humidification unit of solid polymeric type fuel battery comprises glassy carbon material. The glassy material which is coated on the surface as surfactant has a mean blow hole diameter of 1-10 mum and blow hole rate of 20-50%.    USE - As internal humidification unit for solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - It has excellent electrical resistance, strength and acid-proof corrosion resistance. The blow hole is excellent in carrying out water permeability.
NOVELTY - The heating gas is guided along the plate arranged at downstream side of anode. A support block is arranged corresponding to the flow path (311) at specific water contact angle. Equivalent to the water contact angle of inner plate. The flow path and exhaust are connected at the downstream side of block.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures stable ejection of waste water and gas, due to reliable connection between the flow path and exhaust.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Oxidizing gas is supplied to the cathode. A gas receptacle is arranged at the downstream side of the block. Both plates are arranged along the anode and cathode. The support block is arranged at small or large flow path at specific water contact angle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal sectional view of the solid polymeric fuel battery.    Flow path (311)
NOVELTY - A solid mold polymer electrolyte film of proton conductivity has a film thrusts and strength 300g or more whose membranous dynamic heat resistance is more than 300degreesC.    USE - For mechanical strength and heat resistance for fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent proton conductivity and heat resistance is provided for the solid polymeric type fuel battery.
NOVELTY - A humidification unit for solid polymeric type fuel batteries comprises a porous glassy carbon material, water repellency processed by a fluorine group resin. The carbon material contains blow holes of mean diameter 1-10 mum with a blow rate of 20-50%.    USE - As a humidification unit for internal humidification system.    ADVANTAGE - Regulating the amount of cooling water is easy. The influence of humidified water over cooling water is suppressed.
NOVELTY - Abnormal discharge prevention of an electron beam apparatus involves applying hot air and heat dehydrating the water component on the surface of the deflection coil (4) equipped in electron gun (6), during air opening.    USE - For preventing abnormal discharge useful for vacuum deposition.    ADVANTAGE - The method abolishes adherence of water component on the surface of deflecting coil. The operation is efficient and rapid and heat dehydration method is simple. The trouble caused by discharge is avoided. The dust stands are minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing electro beam apparatus.    Deflection coil (4)    Electron gun (6)
NOVELTY - Tanks (2066,2116) hold electrometric analysis baths, which deposit zinc oxide electrochemically on a substrate. Circulation tanks (2120,2222) heat and send the analysis baths to the tanks. Independent drainage tanks (2172,2274) which accumulate the material from analysis baths are also provided.    USE - For forming zinc oxide film on a substrate, which is used in solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the length of one tank is shortened, twisting of the roller accompanied by the thermal expansion of the tank at the time of temperature rise is restrained to minimum extent. Since poor conveyance of substrate is not carried, life span of the electrometric analysis is lengthened. Since two circulation tanks are used, heating time of analysis bath is made minimum and the output is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of electrometric apparatus.    Tanks (2066,2116)    Circulation tanks (2120,2222)    Independent drainage tanks (2172,2274)
NOVELTY - The ultraviolet blockage layer (2), infrared rays interruption layer (3) and light reflection layer (4) are formed sequentially over a base film (1) to form cover film for solar battery.    USE - For covering front and back surfaces of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The durability and productivity of the solar battery is enhanced as deterioration of battery is prevented by utilizing cover film. The economical efficiency of the solar battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the cover film manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional drawing of solar battery module.    Base film (1)    Ultraviolet blockage layer (2)    Infrared rays interruption layer (3)    Light reflection layer (4)
NOVELTY - An electric insulating layer which consists of heat resistant resin such as polyether sulfone resin, polyimide resin blended with 5-40 vol% of pigment of mean diameter of 3-30 nm, is formed on the surface of a metal board. The pigment is selected from titanium oxide, alumina and silica. The surface roughness of the electric insulating layer is adjusted between 0.05-1 mum.    USE - For thin amorphous silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents breakage of thin silicon film by dispersing very minute pigment particle in heat resistant resin layer, thus improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - High temperature fuel cell has a nickel mesh (10) electrically connected to a chromium nitride coated interconnector plate (2).    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The chromium nitride (Cr2N) layer prevents chromium oxide layer formation and thus avoids increased series resistance and ensures long term high conductivity between the nickel mesh and the interconnector plate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high temperature fuel cell has a nickel mesh (10) between a solid electrolyte (12) and the fuel gas side of an interconnector plate (2), the latter having a chromium nitride layer (8) and being electrically connected to the nickel mesh (10).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a stack of the above high temperature fuel cells.    Preferred Features: The nickel mesh (10) is spot welded to the interconnector plate (2) through the chromium nitride layer (8) which is formed by PVD, CVD or gas nitriding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a high temperature fuel cell according to the invention.    Interconnector plate (2)    Chromium nitride layer (8)    Nickel mesh (10)    Solid electrolyte (12)
NOVELTY - A thin film consisting of a group Ib-IIIb-VIb2 compound semiconductor is formed by chemical vapor deposition using an organic metal compound as a precursor on a substrate.    USE - The method forms the thin film of the group Ib-IIIb-VIb2 compound semiconductor used in the solar battery element.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film has appropriate specific resistance useful for the light absorbing layer of the solar battery. The solar battery element has dramatically increased conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The formation of the thin film comprises: (a) introducing a material gas for a group Ib element, a material gas for a group IIIb element, and a material gas for a group VIb element in a reactor; (b) applying a vapor phase epitaxy reaction at a given temperature for a given time to them; (c) carrying out heat treatment in the atmosphere of the material gas for the group VIb element.
NOVELTY - An absorption layer (3) is formed on a glass substrate (1) using chalcopyrite compound. A cadmium dope layer (4) is formed on the absorption layer by irradiation of ion beam containing Cd ions and an inactive gas and is covered by a cadmium sulfide buffer layer (5).    USE - In production of chalcopyrite type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiency of solar battery is increased, even zinc oxide is used as buffer layer. The boundary characteristics of the buffer layer and absorption layer are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery.    Glass substrate (1)    Absorption layer (3)    Cadmium dope layer (4)    Cadmium sulfide buffer layer (5)
NOVELTY - Mixer (2) for mixing copper, indium, gallium in predetermined ratios for setting, is provided before reactor (1), and is then transferred to the board (4) with the mixed gas introduction pipe (21) to form a film.    USE - As optical absorption layer of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Variation in film composition can be decreased as the pressure inside the mixed device is set between 0.1-500 Torr.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of chemical vapor deposition apparatus.    Reactor (1)    Mixer (2)    Board (4)    Mixed gas introduction pipe (21)
NOVELTY - A fuel battery comprises a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation catalyst (34) (other than fuel electrode catalyst (36)) included into a fuel electrode. A heating gas contains oxidizing agent for CO oxidation removal. The quantity of CO is reduced gradually towards an exit from the entrance of the gas passage way of heating gas which touches the fluid electrode surfaces.    USE - As a fuel battery for motor vehicles and industries.    ADVANTAGE - The output voltage within an electrode surface is uniform. A CO proof property is provided. No oxidizing hydrogen is required as a heating gas but CO is selectively oxidized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gaseous diffusion layer of fuel battery.    Carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst (34)    Fuel electrode catalyst (36)
NOVELTY - Formation of compound semiconductor thin film useful solar cell, etc. for producing thin film of Cu (IIIb-VIb2) compound semiconductor by chemical vapor deposition method uses organic copper compound defined here as copper source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of compound semiconductor thin film useful solar cell, etc. for producing thin film of (Ib-IIIb-VIb2) (Ib = Cu) compound semiconductor by chemical vapor deposition method uses organic copper compound of formulae (I) or (II) as copper source. In formulae, R1 - R9 = hydrogen, 1 - 4 C alkyl or 1 -4 C alkylsilyl; R10 - R13 = 1 - 4 C alkyl or 1 -4 C perfluoroalkyl.    USE -   The compound semiconductor thin film made by the method is useful for solar cell, etc..    ADVANTAGE -   In the method, film forming rate is faster than conventional method and is improved controllability of components in the film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Fig. 1 shows a CVD apparatus used in this method. 1 ; reactor, 2 ; mixer, 3; susceptor, 4 ; substrate, 5; vacuum pump, 6 ; S source piping, 7 ; Cu source piping, 8 ; In source piping, 9 ; Ar gas source, 10; glass substrate, 20; electrode layer, 21; mixed gas inlet, 31; thermocouple, 61 ; H2S/H2 source, 62 ; flow regulator, 71; copper source.
NOVELTY - A polyester biaxial orientation film is a composite film having layer A and layer B containing foreign material of length N1 and N2, respectively which are 100 mum or more. The film satisfies N1at least3 piece/m2 and N1-N2at least3 piece/m2.    USE - The polyester biaxial orientation film is used as a solar, capacitor, magnetic recording base material, image receiver layer, separator, release material, spreading base material, signboard, transfer ribbon and stencil printing base paper.    ADVANTAGE - The conventional usage of polyester group resin which was difficult, can be enabled by controlling base film surface property in a specific range especially by performing polyester film design board.
NOVELTY - A coated film (1) of a resin composition where fluorine resin forms a main component of a vehicle. A deposited film (2) of an inorganic oxide is formed. A coating film (3) of a resin composition where an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer formed a main component of a vehicle is formed on the deposited film (2) of the inorganic oxide. The coated film (1), the coating film (3), the deposited film (2), and a resin film (4) are laminated, in the order.    USE - This protection sheet is useful for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof ability to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen is eminently improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows approximate section fig. of layer constitution of this protection sheet.    Coated film (1)    deposited film (2)    Coating film (3)    Resin film (4)
NOVELTY - A fluorine resin sheet (1) and a deposited film (2) of an inorganic oxide are formed. Further, a coating film (3) of a resin composition where an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer forms the main component of a vehicle is formed on the deposited film (2), and the resin sheet (1), the deposited film (2), and the coating film (3) are laminated on a resin film (4).    USE - This surface protection sheet is useful for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof ability to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen is remarkably improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows approximate layer constitution of a surface protection sheet.    Fluorine resin sheet (1)    Deposited film (2)    Coating film (3)    Resin film (4)
NOVELTY - A coating film (1) formed of a resin composition where fluorine resin forms the main component of vehicle, and a resin film (3) having a deposited film (2) of an inorganic oxide are laminated.    USE - The surface protection sheet is useful for a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Moisture-proof ability to prevent penetration of a moisture content and oxygen is remarkably improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - This drawing shows approximate layer constitution of a surface protection sheet for a solar battery module    Surface protection sheet (A)    Coating resin (1)    Deposited film (2)    Resin film (3)
NOVELTY - A surface protection sheet (A) comprises a vapor deposition thin film (2) of inorganic oxide and fluorine group resin sheet (1) laminated sequentially on a resin film (3).    USE - For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The surface protection sheet excels in light resistance, heat resistance, dirt resistance, durability and protection capability. A stable surface protection sheet for inexpensive and safe solar battery module, is provided. Damp-proofing which prevents penetration of water component, and oxygen is raised. Long performance degradation is restrained to minimum.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of surface protection sheet.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Vapor deposition thin film of inorganic oxide (2)    Resin film (3)    Surface protection sheet (A)
NOVELTY - A separator plate comprises a pair of co-extensive sheet metals (30,31) of identical shape. The sheet metals have several corrugations (60) or dimples formed them. The sheet metals are nestled together to form a coolant flow space (32). The sheet metals are maintained at a distance from each other by several bumps (33) provided on any one of the sheet metal.    USE - For polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The separator plate of fuel cell is compact and water cooled, and the number of fuel cell units are increased by the arrangements of the separator plate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separator plate is disposed between anode film of one fuel cell unit and cathode film of adjacent fuel cell unit. The corrugations or dimples on sheet metals of separator plate serve as guide for distributing fuel and oxidant gases to anode and cathode films. Fuel cell stack comprises 15-30 polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell units per inch of fuel cell stack height. The distance between the sheet metals is 0.002-0.010 inches. The sheet metals are made of material selected from group consisting of nickel, stainless steel, high alloy steel, titanium and metals coated to prevent corrosion. The fuel cell stack has several manifolds for supplying fuel and oxidant gases and gasket (34) is disposed between the sheet metals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of separator plate.    Co-extensive sheet metals (30,31)    Coolant flow space (32)    Several bumps (33)    Gasket (34)    Corrugations (60)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer fuel cell stack includes a rectangular separator, the surface of which includes coolant channels in a region that is parallel to the long side of the separator and near channels for fuel gas or oxidizing gas so that the coolant may flow in a direction perpendicular to the separator plane.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A polymer composition for forming an electrically conductive polymer composite comprises a non-fluorinated polymer binder having a melt viscosity of less than 1000 Nasterisks/m2 over a shear rate of 1000-10000/s; and electrically conductive particles fixed in the polymer binder. The composite has a bulk conductivity of at least approximately 10 S/cm.    USE - For forming an electrically conductive polymer composite. It is also used for a variety of applications, including corrosion-resistant electrical and thermal conductors and contacts, battery and capacitor electrodes, electrodes for electrochemical coating and synthesis of materials, and electrochemical device components, e.g. current collector plates for PEM fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The low viscosity of the thermoplastic resin combined with the reduced filler particle surface area provides a moldable composition which can be fabricated into a current collector plate having improved current collecting capacity versus comparable fluoropolymer molding compositions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (a) a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell having an ion exchange membrane and electrodes interposed between a pair of current collector plates, the improvement comprises forming a current collector plate having a composition comprising a polymer binder as specified above; and (b) a method for forming a current collector plate for a PEM fuel cell, comprising forming a mixture by combining a conductive filler powder and a non-fluorinated polymer binder; forming the mixture into a solid pellet; heating the pellet to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the binder; injecting the mixture into a mold cavity; cooling the mixture to a temperature below the melting temperature of the binder to form a unitary collector plate; and removing the unitary collector plate from the mold cavity.
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide is contacted with steam and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The catalyst contains copper, alumina and at least zinc oxide, chrome oxide or magnesium oxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the catalyst used for converting CO into CO2 and hydrogen.    USE -   For converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   The copper catalyst has high catalytic activity and CO gas is converted into CO2 and H at a high conversion ratio.
NOVELTY - The apparatus has carbon monoxide conversion catalyst layer (1) and hydrogen column (2) for selectively removing hydrogen from the modified gas obtained by steam reforming of fuel used in hydrogen manufacture. the layer.    USE -   For converting carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE -   The reduction of carbon monoxide concentration in the gas is enhanced. As the catalyst layer has hydrogen column the purification of hydrogen formed by conversion of carbon monoxide can be prevented. A selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in the fuel battery system can be avoided. Hydrogen is selectively separable and a reaction equilibrium can be altered to proceed forward reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the sectional drawing of apparatus for converting carbon monoxide. (1) Catalyst layer; (2) Hydrogen column; (3) Cooling water jacket.
NOVELTY - The burner has triple pipe structure. A pipe (1) is provided centrally inside pipe (2) which inturn is provided inside another pipe (3). A small hole (2B) provided in the middle of pipe (2) in the longitudinal direction, connects the inner side space (2A) and outer side space (3A) of pipe (2).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier consists of modification catalyst, hydrogen permeation pipe and burner. Hydrogen is obtained by the water vapor modification reaction.    USE -   For modifier for manufacturing hydrogen for fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE -   Since the small hole is provided in the middle of one pipe, at the time of initiation of combustion of the fuel which consists of hydrocarbon, a portion of air which is blown from outer pipe is mixed with fuel which serves as a semi-premixer. The combustion is completed in a short time. The precipitation of carbon in the end of burner nozzle is prevented. The miscibility of air and fuel increases combustion is stable. Inert gas is not necessary. The whole operation and apparatus is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the burner. (1-3) Pipes; (2A) Inner side space; (3A) Outer side space.
NOVELTY - Inner layer printed boards (1) containing circuit pattern (5) are separated by prepreg (3). A metal middle board (7) is laminated on the outer layer printed board (2). The set of printed boards are inserted between hot discs and are integrally molded by heat pressure application. The distance between metal middle board and locating fixed part (4) of the multilayer printed board is set to 2-10 mum.    USE - For manufacturing multilayer printed board.    ADVANTAGE - The curvature of inner layer printed board is restrained by setting the distance between metal middle board and locating fixed part suitably during heat molding and the position gap between circuit patterns is prevented, thus high quality multilayer printed board is manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of inner layer printed board.    Inner layer printed board (1)    Outer layer printed board (2)    Prepreg (3)    Locating fixed part (4)    Circuit pattern (5)    Metal middle board (7)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte film has polymer and transition metal. The polymer contains functional group which can coordinate with transition metal.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte film is raised.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the preparation of solid polymer electrolyte film. The method involves mixing polymer, transition metal compound and a reducer and stirring the mixture under reflux.
NOVELTY - A pair of gas diffusion electrodes are formed on both sides of a solid polymer electrolytic film. Catalyst layers made of platinum or ruthenium, are coated on electrode surface which contacts the surface of electrolytic film. The contact area of electrode and the film is set to 0.005 m2/cm2 or more of electrode.    USE - For space object, vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Offers efficient solid polymeric type fuel battery by setting contact area of electrode with electrolytic film, thus load of catalyst is reduced, since electrochemical metal surface area of catalyst is secured sufficiently, rationalization of three-phase boundary surface is attained.
NOVELTY - Housing contains reaction chamber (101), two electrodes (103, 104) separated by a set distance, and plasma support (102) removably located between electrodes and to which at least one substrate (115) is attached. Support (102) and substrate (115) define glow discharge space. Support (102) has gas inlet (108b) and outlet (108a) holes, thereby connecting glow discharge space with exterior.    USE - Production of thin films in the manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits, thin film transistor liquid crystal display devices, solar cells, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The device has simple structure and low maintenance and fault correction costs, and is amenable for large-scale serial production to increase productivity and reduce final product price.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The plasma support (102) is formed from a conducting material such as a metal, constituting a conducting part electrically connected to an electrode (104) and electrically insulated from an electrode (103). The plasma support (102) and at least one substrate (115) are mounted between the electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a transverse cross-section of an apparatus for forming a thin film according to the invention.    Reaction chamber (101)    Plasma support (102)    Electrodes (103, 104)    Gas outlet holes (108a)    Gas inlet holes (108b)    Substrate (115)    Glow discharge space (120)
NOVELTY - Operating fuel cell system on impure fuel comprises introducing a variable oxygen concentration into the fuel stream periodically and/or in accordance with at least one fuel cell operating characteristic indicative of the concentration of impurity in the fuel stream.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel losses, localized heating and parasitic losses are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system includes at least one fuel cell (1), a stream of the impure fuel supplied to the cell and a mechanism to introduce oxygen into the fuel stream for reaction with an impurity in the stream within the cell. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) fuel cell system comprising: fuel cell(s); a source of impure fuel stream for supply to the cell; and a flow controller (10) mechanism to introduce, periodically, variable concentration of oxygen into the fuel stream; and    (ii) a system as above which also contains a monitoring device to monitor fuel cell operating characteristics indicative of the concentration of impurity in the fuel stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a solid polymer fuel cell system.    fuel cell (1)    oxygen flow controller (10)
NOVELTY - The controller comprises a raw fuel quantity determinator for determining the quantity of fuel supplied to a heater (3), and a target temperature setter for setting the target temperature of the raw fuel on the basis of the quantity of raw fuel determined by the determinator.    USE - Controller for fuel reformer which generates a mixed vapor by heating raw fuel, e.g. methanol, and reforms the mixed vapor to a desired fuel, e.g. a gas containing rich hydrogen, for use in a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Melting of the burner and damage suffered as a result are prevented. Transient responsibility of a control for heating raw fuel is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel reformer (2) comprises a heater (3) for heating raw fuel to a predetermined target temperature, and a controller. The controller comprises a raw fuel quantity determinator for determining the quantity of fuel supplied to the heater, and a target temperature setter for setting the target temperature of the raw fuel on the basis of the quantity of raw fuel determined by the determinator.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a fuel cell (1) with a fuel reformer (2) controlled by the above controller, the fuel cell supplying reformed fuel to the fuel cell;    (ii) a vehicle including a fuel cell with a fuel reformer controlled by the above controller, with the fuel reformer supplying reformed fuel to the fuel cell and having at least one driving power source; and    (iii) a method for controlling a fuel reformer, comprising determining the quantity of raw fuel supplied to the heater and setting the target temperature of the raw fuel on the basis of the quantity of fuel determined.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic block diagram of a system of the fuel reformer connected to a fuel cell.    Fuel cell (1)    Fuel reformer (2)    Heater (3)    Burner (6)    Vaporizer (7)
NOVELTY - A component with first and second material layers (30, 60) separated by an interlayer (40, 50) contains the first and/or second material and a different conductivity material colloid.    USE - Used as a solar cell or LED (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The interlayer provides an extremely high efficiency of emission an/or reception of electromagnetic radiation, especially light.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a component.    Glass substrate (10)    Transparent contact layer (20)    First layer (30)    Interlayers (40, 50)    Second layer (60)    Contact layer (70)    Contacts (80, 90)
NOVELTY - The sensor has a flexible plate (1) held within a frame (2). The plate has a uniform polymer coating (3) of a laterally structured material, whose volume and hence compression varies in response to the concentration of the gas in question.    USE - Measure the concentration of one or more gases or air humidity.    ADVANTAGE - The sensor has improved properties in comparison with prior art especially the null point tension, stroke and sensor non-linearity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sensor has a flexible plate (1) held within a frame (2). The plate has a uniform polymer coating (3) of a laterally structured material, whose volume and hence compression varies in response to the concentration of the gas in question. In addition, the sensory coating incorporates additional ions or atoms either in the surface zone or inner layers (3a). These change the null point, stroke and sensor non-linearity. The ions or atoms are especially boron, argon, fluorine, phosphorus implanted with an energy of between 50 keV and 2 MeV, and within a given dose range.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross sectional view through a sensor.    Plate (1)    Frame (2)    Sensory coating (3)    Inner layers (3a)
NOVELTY - Synthesis of alpha,beta-difluoro-beta-halo-ethenyl aromatic compounds such as alpha,beta,beta-trifluorostyrenes by a process of reacting CFX2CFXI with an aromatic compound Ar to form (CFX2CFX)n-Ar and subsequently dechlorohalogenating this product to form (CFX=CF)n-Ar.    USE - The compounds are used to fabricate solid polymer electrolytes for use in electrochemical applications such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The synthesis is relatively simple, inexpensive and require low temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process comprising reacting a first reactant CFX2CFXI with an aromatic compound Ar to form (CFX2CFX)n-Ar.    X = F,Cl, at least one of X =Cl and at least one X = F; n = 1,2 or 3.
NOVELTY - According to invention, oxygen-electrode catalyst is, essentially, mixture of gold and nickel particles bonded together and uniformly distributed over entire volume, proportion of ingredients being as follows, mass percent: nickel - 0.03-40; gold - 60.0-99.97.    USE - Electrical engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Improved activity of catalyst and reduced gold content.
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide (CO) conversion device has a hydrogen separation chamber (8) configured between the CO conversion catalyst layers (1,1). Hydrogen separation membranes (2,2) are interposed between the interface boundary of hydrogen separation chamber and CO conversion catalyst layer.    USE -   For reducing carbon monoxide concentration contained in modifying gas obtained by steam reforming of fuel for hydrogen manufacture.    ADVANTAGE -   The need for a hydrogen purification device and CO selective oxidation apparatus is eliminated and a simplified hydrogen manufacturing system is obtained. CO concentration is set to 10 ppm. Hydrogen is selectively separated from modifying gas by the use of a hydrogen separation membrane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of carbon monoxide conversion device. (1,1) CO conversion catalyst layers; (2,2) Hydrogen separation membrane; (8) Hydrogen separation chamber.
NOVELTY - A supply unit supplies gas containing hydrocarbon fuel, water vapor, oxygen to modification catalyst layers (38,40). The conversion of fuel is 90% or more. A temperature distribution is provided along the gas flow direction. The difference of the peak temperature of the catalyst layers and the gas outlet temperature is set within 100C.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel which contains the hydrocarbon is modified to form a gas containing hydrogen. The modification catalyst layers are distributed in a modification chamber. An oxidation reaction and modification reaction are performed simultaneously in the catalyst layers. A temperature sensor for detecting the peak temperature of the catalyst layer is provided at a position which is one-quarter distance from the gas inlet to the catalyst layers. The sensor is provided along the thickness of gas flow direction of the catalyst layers. The fuel used is methanol. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the control method of modifier. The quantity of air containing oxygen which is supplied to the modifying chamber is controlled based on detected peak temperature.    USE -   For modification of hydrocarbon fuel to produce hydrogen gas, for fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE -   The temperature of the catalyst layer is maintained uniform. The pressure loss of the gas flowing the catalyst is reduced sharply. The amount of generation of carbon monoxide is reduced. Thermal deterioration of catalyst layers is prevented and hence the catalyst is used with high efficiency. The amount of catalyst required is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional explanatory view of modifier. (38,40) Catalyst layers.
NOVELTY - The cooling water supply to and from the cooling pipe (2B) is carried out by the cooling water inlet header (6A) and the cooling water outlet header (6B) respectively. The liquid level in the air outlet manifold (4B) to which cooling pipe is exposed, is detected. A valve (12) in the inlet and outlet headers is operated by a controller (11) based on detected liquid level to eject cooling water.    USE - For regulating cooling water circulation in phosphoric acid fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates efficient drainage of cooling water when power generation is stopped. Reduces damage of fuel battery even if there is water leakage from cooling pipe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cooling water is supplied to the cooling plate (2A) of the fuel battery laminate. The air and heating gas are supplied and ejected from the fuel battery by the respective inlet and outlet manifolds (4A,4B).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel battery.    Cooling plate (2A)    Cooling pipe (2B)    Inlet and outlet manifolds (4A,4B)    Cooling water inlet header (6A)    Cooling water outlet header (6B)    Controller (11)    Valve (12)
NOVELTY - Separator (20) consists of a thermoplastic resin containing a solder (20-70 vol%). The separator is in contact with a pair of electrodes (11) which have an electrolyte film inter layer (12) and has gas passageways (21) for supply of gas to the electrodes.    USE - As electrode collectors.    ADVANTAGE - The resin in the separator comprises a solder which provides a high degree of electroconductivity. Plating the separator with gold or silver makes it corrosion resistant. It can be produced by injection or compression molding and does not require cutting to obtain a desired shape .    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross sectional outline of a fuel battery cell.    Electrode (11)    Electrolyte film (12)    Separator (20)    Gas passageway (21)
NOVELTY - The metal plate (1) has uneven surface formed by concavo-convex shaped passageways (7,8) provided to pass gas to either anode or cathode side. A minute indentation is formed on either surface of gas passageway.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents curvature of separator. Eliminates contact failure of separator and electrolyte layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of cell in fuel battery.    Metal plate (1)    Concavo-convex shaped passageways (7,8)
NOVELTY - Inlet (21c) and outlet (22c) of gas passageway, through which heating gas or air flows, are provided on same side of cell (7c). Manifolds (12c,14c) are connected with inlet and outlet of gas passageway, respectively. The manifold (20c) that exists between manifolds (12c,14c), is surrounded by manifold member (11c) and cell (7c).    USE - Solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The number of parts which composes external manifold is reduced, hence man day on production is reduced. The part processed with high precision is decreased, hence formation and gas seal of manifold are made easy. The stress resulting from difference of both thermal expansion coefficient can be made to reduce, thereby suppressing crack generation to cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Air pole and fuel electrode are provided in solid electrolyte film. Any one of air pole or fuel electrode is joined to surface where gas passageway of interconnector and cell is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of cell and manifold member of solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    Cell (7c)    Manifold member (11c)    Manifolds (12c,14c,20c)    Inlet (21c)    Outlet (22c)
NOVELTY - The filler material is evenly dispersed in the matrix and consists of particles of one or more refractive compounds selected from the group: MgO-MgAl2O4, stabilized zirconia, rare earth oxides, (Mg,Ca)SiO3, Mg2SiO4, MgSiO3, CaSiO3, CaZrO3, ThO2, TiO2 and MIIAlSi2O8, where MII = Ca, Sr or Ba.    USE - Sealing material for fuel cells, especially solid oxide fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The filler material adjusts the thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing glass so that it matches the thermal expansion coefficient of other parts of the fuel cell. In addition, the stability of the glass may be improved and its viscosity is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferably, the glass matrix contains Al2O3 and Na2O, where the stoichiometric molar ratio Al2O3:Na2O = 0.1-1.3, or Al2O3 and K2O, where the stoichiometric molar ratio Al2O3:K2O = 0.1-1.3, and the composition includes fluorine atoms as partial crystallizer forming a glass ceramic. Additionally, 0.1-10% of B2O3 is included in the glass composition.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (i) use of glass compositions for sealing fuel cells operating at temperatures up to 1000 degrees C, with main components comprising:    (a) silica, alumina and Group I metal oxides; or    (b) silica, alumina and Group II metal oxides; and    (ii) use of a glass composition where Li2Si2O5 may be used a filler at temperatures up to 1000 degrees C and other alkali silicates at lower temperatures.
NOVELTY - An electrolytic cell for conversion of liquid and gaseous material feeds, comprises cathodic and anodic half cells, and at least one gas diffusive electrode located between the gas (7) and liquid electrolyte-containing spaces. The gas space consists of a number of horizontal channels (10), stacked vertically, so that the gas flow path is 'zig-zag' upwards through the channels. The end connections (15) linking the horizontal channels are of reduced diameter in order to maintain a back pressure to counter the hydraulic head of electrolyte at the porous interface of the diffusion electrode. The channel flow area is dimensioned to provide a turbulent flow of gas, and separation of the horizontal channels is chosen to provide turbulence in the electrolyte flow.    USE - Gas diffusion electrodes, particularly for fuel cells and the chlor-alkali industry.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced electrical energy consumption by reducing the operating cell voltage, e.g. using an oxygen gas diffusion electrode in a chlor-alkali cell, a reduction from 1.23V to 0.8V produces an approximately 30% energy saving per ton of caustic soda.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side elevation view of the diffusion electrode.    horizontal gas channels (7,10)    gas inlet (13)    excess gas outlet (14)    end connections. (15)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen selectively permeable membrane comprises a metal foil having woven or porous support layers on each side. One support layer has coarser mesh or porous structure to accommodate volumetric expansion bulging of the metal foil, and the opposite side support layer has a finer structure. The coarse structure support is on the gas upstream side of the membrane.    USE - Separation of hydrogen for use in fuel cells from gaseous mixtures e.g. methanol and carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane construction allows economical use of Noble metals by providing support to thin foils. The membranes allow removal of carbon monoxide which may be harmful to the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The holes in the coarse structure support are greater than 0.1 mm , and preferably in the range 1-10 mm. The support layers may be of metallic, plastics, ceramic, or glass, porous or woven materials.
NOVELTY - A composition containing (A) 30-99.5 wt% sulfonated aromatic polyether-ketone with an ion exchange capacity of 1.3-4.0 meq (-SO3H)/g polymer and (B) 0.5-70 wt% polybenzimidazole.    USE - Membranes based on this composition are used in fuel cells, especially direct methanol fuel cells, in high-performance condensers or for electrodialysis or ultrafiltration (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - A composition based on low-cost materials, enabling the production of high-performance membranes with excellent electrical properties (especially conductivity), excellent mechanical properties, high stability towards boiling water (more than 50 hours, compared with 2-3 hours for membranes based on sulfonated polyether-ether-ketone) and a low content of residual solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) sulfonated aromatic polyether-ketones of the PEK type with an ion exchange capacity as above; (b) membranes containing this type of PEK or the above composition; (c) a process for the production of these membranes by dissolving a salt of (A) and polymer (B), or the PEK-type polymer, in a suitable solvent, especially dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and forming a membrane from the solution by known methods such as casting, spreading, spraying or spin-coating.
NOVELTY - Recycling crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules comprises providing a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module comprising a glass substrate, layer(s) of polymeric material and solar cell(s) (12); providing an inert atmosphere; and heating the module in the inert atmosphere.    USE - For recycling crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cells, lead and other module components are recovered without creating any undesirable gases. Solar cells still having their silver contact grids can be recovered to be reused to make other crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules without requiring reprocessing of the silicon wafers to apply the silver contact grids.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the apparatus for heating crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.    Solar cell (12)    Two polymeric layers (36, 38)    Backing layer (40)    Housing (62)    Chamber (64)    Pyrolytic afterburner (78)    Module holder (80)    Solar cell holder (90)
NOVELTY - Array for fuel cell comprises converted asbestos fiber with silicon content of 3-7%. In addition array has high dispersion magnesium oxide with specific surface of 80-140 m per g. The composition is as follows: 40-80 weight percents of asbestos fiber, 20-60 weight percents of magnesium oxide.    USE - Electrical engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Increased corrosion resistance. 1 dwg, 2 ex
NOVELTY - A zinc oxide film is formed on a transparent substrate (1), using a mask which covered predetermined width along the circumference of the substrate. A transparent electrode (2) is formed by fixed thickness etching of zinc oxide film after removing the mask and unevenness is formed on the surface.    USE - The method is used for obtaining thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film solar battery is manufactured within a short time. The short circuit caused by contact of back side electrode and transparent electrode, is prevented efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric conversion activated layer and back side electrode are formed sequentially on the transparent electrode. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the formation of transparent electrode.    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrode (2)
NOVELTY - Conductive n-type silicon layer (104) is formed on a glass substrate (101), by CVD technique. Back side electrode consisting of Ag and ZnO films (102,103) with predetermined interval between them, is formed on the substrate, by plasma generation. The entire area of the layer (104) is blanketed by crystalline silicon-type photoelectric conversion layer (105).    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Film forming velocity is improved and favorable film quality is obtained. Contributes to both silicon-type thin-film photoelectric conversion at high and low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of plasma CVD apparatus employed during manufacture of photoelectric converter.    glass substrate (101)    Ag and ZnO films (102,103)    n-type silicon layer (104)    silicon-type photoelectric conversion layer (105)
NOVELTY - Aluminum paste coated to large surface (1b) of a Si substrate (1) whose surface is different from that of light receiving surface (1a). Silver paste having solder wettability more than Al paste is applied to portion of the coated surface, after which baking is done to form electrodes (4,5).    USE - For manufacturing crystalline solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since Al and silver paste are applied to substrate and baked, stress concentration to boundaries of electrodes is eliminated and crack generation is prevented and hence battery of high quality is obtained. Since silver electrode is provided on substrate along with Al electrode, sufficient adhesion strength is obtained, thus versatility of connection between cells is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photoelectric conversion apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional and rear view of solar battery.    Si substrate (1)    Receiving surface (1a)    Large surface (1b)    Electrodes (4,5)
NOVELTY - Fine crystal hydrogenation amorphous silicon layer (3) is formed on transparent electrically conductive film (2) on substrate (1). Main layers (4a-4c) made of hydrogenation amorphous prismatic silicon is formed on layer (3), without melting. Layers (4a-4c) are heat treated and single crystallized for solid phase growth to obtain polycrystalline silicon layers (5a-5c) on which electrode (6) is mounted.    USE - For manufacturing solar panels used in residence.    ADVANTAGE - Since electrode is formed on main layer, defect of main layer decreases and the grain boundary existing along movement direction of carrier is stopped, thus probability of carrier disappearance due to recombination becomes low. Expensive apparatus are not used, thus reducing manufacturing cost. High photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of manufacturing method of solar panel.    Substrate (1)    Transparent electrically conductive film (2)    Silicon layer (3)    Layers (4a-4c)    Silicon layers (5a-5c)    Electrode (6)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide reduction unit is provided with coolant flow path units. The flow path resistance of the coolant which flows in each coolant flow path unit is different.    USE - For vehicle mounted fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces carbon monoxide content with high efficiency irrespective of small structure, and hence durability of fuel battery system is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel battery system.
NOVELTY - A gasket (2) made of liquid rubber curing substance of hardness 60 or less is formed on the processed groove provided on the surface of a plate-like porous carbon material (1).    USE - For fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in sealing performance and rip contact property since the gasket is provided on the plate-like porous carbon material and in turn preventing position gap.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of carbon material.    Plate-like carbon material (1)    Gasket (2)
NOVELTY - The target containing indium tin oxide is used under atmosphere containing inert gas and reactant gas with water component. The partial pressure ratio of oxygen and water component to inert gas is 0.03-0.001. The partial pressure ratio of oxygen to water component is 0-10. The amount of solvent used for forming the high polymer film is 5 weight percent or less.    USE - For manufacturing electrically conducting laminate containing indium tin oxide film for transparent electrode board of liquid crystal display device, touch panels and also thin film solar battery used in portable terminals.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates to form indium tin oxide film with favorable etching characteristic using simple technique.
NOVELTY - A liquid cooled bipolar separator plate for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises anode and cathode corrosion-resistant sheets having facing heat-exchange surfaces which define channels for liquid coolant flow and which are conductively connected at bond sites via a low-resistivity conductive adhesive formed of corrosion-resistant conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The bonding method for the two separator plates is simpler and less costly than clamping or brazing and can be used with all types of bipolar plate materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The conductive adhesive has a resistivity no greater than 1ohm-cm. In an embodiment, the cell is a hydrogen-oxygen cell, the anode face of the bipolar separator plate having lands for distributing H2 to a first cell and the cathode face having lands for distributing O2 to a second cell. The first and second sheets may be bonded to each other directly or via a separator sheet which is bonded to the first and second sheets by the conductive adhesive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a bipolar plate assembly of the invention.    First sheet of titanium (58)    Second sheet of titanium (60)    Spacer sheet of titanium (62)    Coolant flow channels (78,82)    Ridges formed on the first and second sheets (76,80)    Corrosion resistant conductive adhesive bonding the respective ridges to the separator sheet (85)
NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell module comprises: a first electrode layer (2), a semiconductor layer (4), and a second electrode layer (6), which are deposited on a substrate (1) and at least part of which is worked to partition these layers into a number of cells which are electrically connected with each other and sealed with an encapsulant (9); at least part of at least one of these layers which is located at the periphery of the substrate is removed by mechanical means or by laser beam.    USE - Solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Solar cell module excellent in dielectric strength, which can be manufactured by making use of very simple process. It is possible to obtain a solar cell module which is free from deterioration of power-generating property due to a corrosion after sealing and which can be manufactured with high productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a thin film solar cell module as above in which a periphery of the electrically connected solar cells is surrounded by a high adhesive strength region, and adhesive strength between this region and the encapsulant is larger than the adhesive strength between the encapsulant and the electrically connected solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a thin film solar cell module.    Substrate (1)    Electrode layer (2)    Semiconductor layer (4)    Second electrode layer (6)    Encapsulant (9)
NOVELTY - Preparing a solution and/or dispersion containing sulfonic(per)fluorinated ionomers comprises dissolving them at between room temperature and 150degreesC (preferably 50-100degreesC) in a monophasic ternary mixture constituted of water, a lower alcohol and a fluoro(poly)oxyalkylene having one hydrogen atom in at least one fluorinated end group in which the polymer particle sizes are in the range 30-100 nm.    USE - The solutions can be used in electrolytic and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The particle size is smaller which increases sulfonic group availability. Preparation does not require high temperatures or the use of pressure equipment such as autoclaves.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for preparing a solution and/or dispersion containing sulfonic (per) fluorinated ionomers having -SO3M functional groups, where m is selected from H, Li, K, NR4 (R selected from H (preferably), CH3, C2H5), comprises dissolving the ionomers at between room temperature and 150 degreesC, preferably between 50 and 100 degreesC, in a monophasic ternary mixture consisting of water in a percentage in the range 0.1-50 wt.%, by an alcohol in a percentage in the range 50-99 wt% and by a fluoro(poly)oxyalkylene having one H atom in at least a fluorinated end group, in a percentage in the range 0.1-40 wt.%, whereby the dispersed polymer particle sizes are in the range 30-100 nm.
NOVELTY - A proton exchange fuel cell stack separator is produced by die casting of a light metal alloy.    USE - For production of a separator for a proton exchange fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is compact, lightweight and inexpensive to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a separator produced by the above process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a plan view of a die cast aluminum separator produced by the process of the invention.
NOVELTY - A continuous reactor (1) has a catalytically heated section (5.1) separated from a second section (5.2) by a heat conducting wall (4). A reactant (8) is fed into the first section (5.1) via an inlet (2) and progresses along its length (7), being at least partially converted , and discharging via an outlet (3). The reactant (8) is subjected to two peak temperature conditions (T1, T2) during its residence time in section (5.1). The temperature peaks may be generated by simultaneous exothermic reaction of a second substance (9) in the second section (5.2). However the second substance may be non-reactive.    USE - As fuel cell e.g. for oxidation of residual hydrogen in anodic off-gases.    ADVANTAGE - Control of heat transfer in regions of peak catalytic activity. Reactor volume and reactant inventory can be minimized. System may obviate need for a flare.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The catalyst (6) has maximum efficiencies coinciding with the temperature peak values T1 and T2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the reactor.    reactor (1)    inlet (2)    outlet (3)    heat conducting wall (4)    catalytically heated section (5.2)    catalyst (6)    length (7)    reactant (8)    substance (9)
NOVELTY - A polyacetylene having an adjustable morphology is prepared using a metal catalyst and Cl2, Br2, H2SO4, HNO3, NO2 or SO2.    USE - The polyacetylene (I) is useful as a filter, dielectric or conductor in batteries, fuel cells, semi-conductor devices and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polyacetylene (I) has improved resistance to oxygen, UV light and moisture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polyacetylene (I) having adjustable and/or regulatable morphology is prepared by process shown in scheme (1):    kt = metal catalyst;    A-B = Cl2, Br2, H2SO4, HNO3 , NO2 or SO2 . A and B are the same or different.
NOVELTY - An organoacid compound comprises a strong acid derivative containing at least one hydrogen atom replaced with an organic group to prevent degradation of the polymer electrolyte.    USE - For use as a proton conductor in polymer electrolytes used in electrochromic devices, rechargeable batteries, and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides an adduct that prevents the degradation of the polymer electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an electrochromic device or an electrochemical cell containing an organoacid compound; and    (B) a process of producing an organophosphoric compound. The process (B) includes:    (a) mixing a strong acid with an organic compound; and    (b) heating the mixture to a temperature below the boiling point of the organic compound or under reflux. The mixture is heated for a time sufficient to replace at least one hydrogen with organic compound. The remaining organic compound is then evaporated to collect the organoacid compound.
NOVELTY - A carbonaceous feedstock is converted into electrical energy by converting the feedstock and a greenhouse gas stream to a synthesis gas, electrochemically oxidizing at least a portion of the synthesis gas, recovering carbon dioxide to contain at least a portion of the greenhouse gas stream, and electrochemically reducing an oxygen- containing gas.    USE - The method is used in a fossil fuel plant, petroleum refinery or petrochemical plant for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into electrical energy. The provided electrical energy can be used in service buildings equipped with solar panels (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process eliminates greenhouse gas emissions, e.g., carbon dioxide emission.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock into electrical energy involves converting the feedstock and a greenhouse gas stream to a synthesis gas containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen in a steam reforming reactor, electrochemically oxidizing at least a portion of the synthesis gas to an exit gas containing carbon dioxide and water in a first half cell of a fuel cell, recovering the carbon dioxide to contain at least a portion of the green house gas stream, and electrochemically reducing an oxygen-containing gas in another half cell of the fuel cell.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a converter system used in carrying out the process.
NOVELTY - An ion-conducting material comprises at least one polyaryletherketone (PEK) homopolymer or copolymer or blends, which are sulfonated and the ion-conducting material is devoid of ether-phenyl-ether linkages.    USE - As solid polymer electrolyte membrane (claimed) in electrochemical applications including hydrogen or methanol fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides an improved solid polymer electrolyte membrane that is resistant to methanol cross over and lowers the overall cost of producing the membrane to allow for commercialization of the membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (A) method (M1) of providing (1) comprises adding a sulfonating agent to (2), (3) or their blends to form a sulfonated (2), (3) and isolating from the solution; (B) an alternative method (M2) of producing (1) comprises (i) allowing a solution of (4), (5) or their blends to precipitate from the solution. (ii) adding sulfur trioxide diluted in nitrobenzene to the solution to form a sulfonated (4), (5) and (iii) isolating the sulfonated PPSU polymer from the solution.
NOVELTY - A pre-spiral bundle (10) comprises a sleeve (12) having a proton exchange membrane encapsulating a planar anode (14) in ionic communication with a noble metal catalyst. A first hydrogen inlet comprises a first edge (20a) of the sleeve and a second hydrogen inlet comprises an opposed, parallel edge (20b) of the sleeve. The hydrogen flow path is defined by the anode.    USE - pre-spiral bundle for a spirally wrapped cylindrical fuel cell and cylindrical fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cells made using the pre-spiral bundle minimizes electrical resistance losses, while permitting scale-up of the fuel cell to larger sizes without unduly increasing the resistance of the electrode and electrolyte. A spiral wrapped fuel cell could be increased in size by adding more spiral wraps without increasing the distance over which the electrical current must be collected.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of an end of the pre-spiral bundle.    Sleeve (12)    Anode (14)    First and second catalyst layers (16, 18)    Edges (20a, 20b)    Hydrogen injection tubes (22, 24)
NOVELTY - A fluid cell component has a fluid flow field plate (1100) and a thin flat flexible graphite sheet (3010') arranged contiguous and coextensive with a planar outer surface (3040) of the field plate and bonded to thermoset pockets (3080) of a resin.    USE - For bonding electrically individual electrical fuel cells into an assembly in the form of a stack.    ADVANTAGE - The flexible graphite sheet used in the seal is coherent and has handling strength. The surfaces of the sheets are porous and uneven which provide the opportunity for use as a bonding substrate. Its sealability is increased by impregnating with resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The field plate (1100) is in the form of a single unitary resin impregnated flexible graphite sheet (3010') with opposite planar outer surfaces (3040). The sheet is embedded with a dispersion of needle-shaped ceramic fiber particles which are non-reactive with flexible graphite and stable at 2000degreesF. The particles extend into the graphite sheet from one of the planar outer surfaces to provide channels for containing the resin. One of the planar outer surfaces is flat and the other has a continuous fluid flow channel to receive and exhaust a fluid fuel or oxidant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows, in section, a modification of the electrically conductive seal.    Flow field plate (1100)    Flexible graphite sheet (3010')    Flat planar surface (3040)    Resin in pockets (3080)
NOVELTY - A cation-conducting, especially gas impermeable composite membrane comprising a polymeric matrix filled with inorganic oxide cation exchange particles forming a connected network extending from one face of the membrane to another face of the membrane.    USE - The membrane is used in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The ionically conducting materials exhibit high cation conductivity and reduced dependence on water.
(KR99038495-A)   NOVELTY - The device has a plasma carrier (102) detachedly arranged between electrodes (103,104) in the reaction chamber (101). The carrier and substrate (115) cooperates with each other to delimit glow discharge space (120). The carrier has gas intake holes (108b) and gas exhaust holes (108a) which enables communication between glow discharge space and reaction chamber.    USE - For fabricating semiconductor or insulating layer for use during manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuit, thin film transistor liquid crystal display, solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The flow of impurities into glow discharge space from reaction chamber is prevented. Time, utility and human effort needed for cleaning process is reduced as substrate supporting and conveying mechanism are alone need to be cleaned.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of plasma chemical vapor depositing device.    Plasma carrier (102)    Electrodes (103,104)    Gas exhaust hole (108a)    Gas intake hole (108b)    Substrate (115)    Discharge space (120)
NOVELTY - Electro-conductive metallic oxide sintered compact contains indium (In), tin (Sn), gallium (Ga) and substantial amounts of oxygen. The compact contains 0.1-5 atomic percent of gallium (by ratio of Ga/(In+Sn+Ga)).    USE - For use in sputtering target.    ADVANTAGE - The compact has domain structure and enables formation of indium tin oxide thin film by sputtering at temperature higher than crystallization temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sputtering target using metallic oxide sintered compact.
NOVELTY - A fuel purifier (6) contains water flow meter (3), methanol flow meter (4) to control temperature of water and hydrocarbon group fuel. The flow of oxidizing agent for reducing carbon monoxide is controlled by controlling the flow of water and hydrocarbon.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (i) a fuel battery system which has battery stack which generates electricity using modified gas obtained from fuel purifier; and (ii) for a method of operating a fuel battery system.    USE -   For purification of fuel waste gas.    ADVANTAGE -   The size reduction of fuel purifier and fuel battery system is achieved. The operation of purifier is easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING - The figure shows the schematic diagram of fuel waste gas purifier. (3) Water flow meter; (4) Methanol flow meter; (6) Purifier.
NOVELTY - The grinding process tool has a metal bonded grinding wheel (10). Some peaks (12) are formed at a fixed pitch on the outer circumferential surface of the metal bonded grinding wheel. Each peak is formed with a shape such that it becomes thin towards the end (12a).    USE - For forming a fine unevenness to the surface of polycrystalline substrates for manufacturing polycrystalline silicon solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - A multiple formation of fine unevenness can be uniformly carried out at once on the surface of a semiconductor surface with several peaks formed at a fixed pitch on the outer circumferential surface of a metal bonded grinding wheel since each peak is formed with a shape which becomes thin towards the end. An inexpensive solar battery can be manufactured under mass production since manufacture time can be shortened. An unevenness of short pitch can be formed on the surface of a substrate when using the end parts of the peaks.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a figure showing the model where an unevenness is formed on a substrate by a metal bonded grinding wheel used as a grinding process tool.    Metal bonded grinding wheel (10)    Peak (12)    End (12a)
NOVELTY - Catalyst object (40) consists of a layer (44) which has a water absorptive substance containing part (44a) and water repellent substance containing part (44b), arranged alternately, on a support (42). The oxidation removal of carbon monoxide in modified gas is carried out selectively by a noble metal catalyst (46) carried by water repellent part.    USE -   For reduction of carbon monoxide in fuel battery which has modified gas as source of hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE -   The deactivation of the noble metal catalyst is suppressed. Need for separate heating units for deactivating the noble metal catalyst and loss of energy are prevented. The oxidation removal of a carbon monoxide in the reform gas can be carried out efficiently, thereby raising the efficiency of electricity generation in a fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the catalyst object for carbon monoxide reduction. (40) Catalyst object; (42) Support; (44) Coat layer; (44a) Water absorption part; (44b) Water repellent part; (46) Noble metal catalyst.
NOVELTY - A fluorine group resin sheet (1), a thin inorganic metal oxide sheet (2) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin coating film (3) are formed sequentially. The transmittance rate of visible light through the resin sheet is more than or equal to 90%.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Coating film prevents penetration of water component and oxygen. Excellent light resistance, heat resistance, water resistance are secured for solar battery module. Excellent protection capability is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of protection sheet.    Fluorine group resin sheet (1)    Inorganic metal oxide sheet (2)    Coating film (3)
NOVELTY - Multiple solar batteries are distributed between a pair of substrates (21,22). The substrates are made up of cellulose, paper and non-woven fabric. The substrate (21) is semitransparent or transparent. The substrate (21) includes cellophane, glassine, parchment or Japanese paper. The impregnation of oil is performed on the substrate (21). The substrate (22) is opaque.    USE - E.g. solar battery integrated semiconductor device.    ADVANTAGE - As substrates include cellulose the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of substrates is reduced. Generation of curvature due to change in temperature is prevented, thus device life time is prolonged. Addition of cellulose reduces weight and price. Enables decomposition naturally, and thus expense for discarding is reduced, hence generation of harmful environmental hormone is not performed. Since substrates contain paper, cellophane and non-woven fabric, large quantity of light enters into solar battery thus optoelectric conversion efficiency is enhanced. Impregnation of repellent prevents substrates getting bulged when contacted with water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A water proof film is formed on the substrates (21,22) supporting multiple solar batteries. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing method of solar battery integrated semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of semiconductor device.    Substrates (21,22)
NOVELTY - A fiber filtration equipment (10) is provided in the circulation path (8) of slurry (5) for removing fibrous material intermingled in the slurry. The filtration process is performed more than 1 time.    USE - For sodium-sulfur battery.    ADVANTAGE - As the fibrous foreign material intermingled in the slurry is removed, the life span of the battery is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure represents schematic explanatory drawing showing filtration process of fibrous foreign material.    Slurry (5)    Circulation path (8)    Fiber filtration equipment (10)
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric type fuel battery has distribute tie rod (2) penetrated inside the gas manifolds (4,5). Electric insulation resin (6) is coated on the internal penetration portion of gas-manifolds.    USE - Solid polymeric type fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The penetration of distribute tie rod inside the gas-manifold increases the electric insulation and air gas resistance of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solid polymeric type fuel battery.    Tie rod (2)    Gas manifolds (4,5)    Electric insulation resin (6)
NOVELTY - A collector board (6) is provided on both sides of a cell (5). A heater (20) provided with end plates (7) controls cell temperature to preset value. A piston (12) is slidably provided within end plate to perform pressure application control of cell via collector board and the oil and water fill chamber pressure is also controlled.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery with small capacity.    ADVANTAGE - Since cooling water system and piping are not necessary, structure of battery is simplified and cost of fuel battery is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The single cells (5) are equipped with solid polymer electrolyte film, fuel electrode, oxidizing agent electrode and separator with reactive gas supply path.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery.    Cell (5)    Collector board (6)    end plate (7)    Heater (20)
NOVELTY - The fuel battery system includes a burner (3) which burns using the unused heating gas and unused oxidizing agent gas ejected from a fuel battery stack (2).    USE - For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The burner burns using unused heating gas and unused oxidizing agent gas which is ejected from a fuel battery stack. There is no differential pressure of heating gas and oxidizing agent gas at time of regular run. Damage of solid polymer electrolyte fiber is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid polymer electrolyte fuel battery system.    Fuel battery stack (2)    Burner (3)
NOVELTY - A part of anode waste gas containing moisture is heated using heating gas in a combustion chamber of a modifier and is transferred to modification chamber. The modified gas is again supplied to anode. An anode circulation line circulates remaining waste gas to modification chamber anode inlet.    USE - For use in hydro-thermal and nuclear power plants.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction in quality improvement rate and raises battery utilization factor, even when process pressure rises, as anode circulation line is provided with modifier. Prevents carbon precipitate in the anode inlet and adjusts the gas temperature between modification chamber and anode inlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the composition of fuel battery.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte includes a gas passage way construction element (4) obtained by cutting a carbon paper to predetermined pattern, and arranged between gaseous diffusion layer (5) and a separator (8). A reactive gas is made to flow through the gas passage way.    USE - For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - A single cell is formed to thin shape by low cost and a compact and cheap solid polymer electrolyte is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the disassembled isometric view of the solid polymer electrolyte cell.    Gas passage way construction element (4)    Gaseous diffusion layer (5)    Separator (8)
NOVELTY - A bridge type corrugated sheet (1) is distributed on gas passage way formed between a baffle plate and cell composition. Bridges (10B,11B) are formed on bridge type corrugated sheet between notch grooves (10H,11H). Grooves of the two adjacent bridges faces in opposite direction.    USE - For fuel battery separator for molten carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Flatness of the bridge type corrugated sheet is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of bridge type corrugated sheet.    Corrugated sheet (1)    Bridges (10B,11B)    Notch grooves (10H,11H)
NOVELTY - The fuel battery has flow paths (38,46) provided to the separators (14,16) which are placed on both sides of an electrolyte film (18). Several grooves (44a-44c) are provided from along gas outlet side from a gas entrance side to the lower wall surface (42a) of flow paths for waste drain.    USE - As fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids occlusion by water and stabilizes electricity generation, as the grooves are provided for waste water drain. Thereby whole fuel battery property is effectively raised.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel battery has lateral anode and cathode with separators for supplying heating gas and an oxidizing agent gas to respective electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial cross-sectional view of the fuel battery.    Separators (14,16)    Electrolyte film (18)    Flow paths (38,46)    Lower wall surface (42a)    Grooves (44a-44c)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell consists of honey-comb structure (5) inside which introductory holes (A1,A2) are provided. Extending holes (B1,B2) extends perpendicular to the sequence direction of flow paths of gases (E1,E2). Flow path set holes (C1,C2) and allocation holes (D1,D2) are provided on honey-comb structure corresponding to the flow paths, for collecting and allocating gases through each flow paths.    USE - E.g. water vapor electrolysis cell, NOx decomposition cell etc for solid electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Gases are supplied efficiently to the flow paths formed inside the honey-comb type structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The flow paths of different gases are arranged in alternate rows. A solid electrolyte and an interconnector surrounds the flow paths of gases. An anode and a cathode are provided on each wall surface of flow path of gases (E1,E2) respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of electrochemical cell.    Honey-comb structure (5)    Introductory holes (A1,A2)    Extending holes (B1,B2)    Flow path set holes (C1,C2)    Allocation holes (D1,D2)    Gases (E1,E2)
NOVELTY - Fuel-battery system has a CO-densitometer (7) in the modifier (1). A three-way selector valve (9) is provided for changing the supply of heating gas to the fuel-battery stack. A burner (3) is also provided to burn the heated gas ejected from the fuel-battery stack.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel batteries used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the provision of CO-densitometer in modifier prevents the carbon-monoxide poisoning of electrode catalyst, easy control of fuel-battery system during starting process ensured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel battery system.    Modifier (1)    Burner (3)    CO-densitometer (7)    Three-way selector valve (9)
NOVELTY - An ion-exchanging film comprises an ion-exchanging compound in which the main chain of the chemical bond of aromatic type units, carboxyl type units, orienting group units and a strong acid group type unit is crosslinked with a crosslinking agent.    USE - For solid polymer type fuel battery, electrochemical sensor, an ion-conductive film for flat panel.    ADVANTAGE - The ion-exchanging film has large and stable ion-conductivity than the conventional perfluoro(alkyl)sulphonic acid film has, because of the molecular design of the polymer forming the film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ion-exchanging film comprises an ion-exchanging compound of formula (1) in which the main chains of the chemical bond of aromatic type unit (I), a carboxyl type unit (II), orienting group unit (III) and a strong acid group type unit(IV) is crosslinked with a crosslinking agent:    h = 1-300;    i = 1-400;    j = 1-50;    k = 1-150;    m = 1-40;    n = 10-1000.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for preparation of the ion-exchanged film which comprises monomer (I), monomer (II), monomer (III), monomer (IV) and a crosslinking agent (V) are polymerized in a molar ratio of (0.2-10):(0.1-8):(0.01-1.0):(0.1-10 ): (0.001-1.0).
NOVELTY - An electrode plate (35) is arranged between a sputtering target (33) and the board (10) at the time of forming metallic oxide thin film over silver thin film (13). Therefore the ions generated during sputtering process is captured by the plate and formation of optical absorption layer on silver film is prevented.    USE - For transparent electrode of liquid crystal display device and solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - As the formation of optical absorption layer on the silver film is prevented, the durability of the metal laminated film is enhanced and the liquid crystal device has excellent characteristics such as low resistance, high transmittance and high reflecting rate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view explaining the metal laminated film formation.    Board (10)    Silver thin film (13)    Metallic oxide thin film (14)    Sputtering target (33)    Electrode plate (35)
NOVELTY - Hydrophobic carbon black (10) is reinforced with low molecular weight poly fluoroethylene, by adding shearing stress to carbon black surface.    USE -   For fuel cell, gas diffusion electrode in electrolysis tank.    ADVANTAGE -   Life and stability of the gas diffusion electrode are improved by the reinforced water repellent carbon black coated over its surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of hydrophobic carbon black. (10) Hydrophobic carbon black.
NOVELTY - A sintered oxide ceramic of specified formula is produced by sintering educts with a doping element.    USE - Used as electrolyte, electrode, sensor and insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - The ceramic has good ionic and electronic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a sintered oxide ceramic of formula: CexMyDzO2-a    M = rare earth element, but not Ce, alkali and alkaline earth metal    D = a metal is not the same as M    comprises sintering educts with a second doping element D selected from Cu, Co, Fe, Ni and Mn in the submicron particle size or as salt solution and at a temperature of 750-1250o C to form an oxide ceramic with extremely fine structure of grain size of not more than 0.5 microns.
NOVELTY - Directionally solidified polycrystalline silicon, having a low grain size, is new.    USE - For production of solar cells, preferably with an efficiency of greater than 13%, especially 14% (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The directionally solidified polycrystalline silicon can be produced at higher crystallization rates (preferably greater than 1.5 cm/hr.) and with a smaller grain size than in prior art, thus reducing production time and providing solar cells with an improved efficiency e.g. of greater than 16%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Novel directionally solidified polycrystalline silicon has a maximum grain size of not more than 200 mm2. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a solar cell containing a wafer of the above polycrystalline silicon; and    (ii) production of the above directionally solidified polycrystalline silicon by melting single crystal or polycrystalline silicon and directionally crystallizing the melt in a temperature gradient.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows curves of cumulative area content (%) versus grain size (mm2) for silicon wafers.    conventional silicon (1)    polycrystalline silicon (2)
NOVELTY - A light trapping structure in a thin film silicon solar cell is formed by applying a texturing layer (32) to a surface of glass substrate/superstrate (11), and forming a Si film (15) on the textured surface and a photovoltaic device structure in the Si film. The Si film is less than 10 microns thick, and the texturing layer comprises texturing particles (34) held in a binding matrix.    USE - For forming a light trapping structure for thin films, e.g. thin film silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Achieves light trapping in thin film devices and also in crystalline silicon thin film cells. The wavelength of light of a given frequency is different in Si and air.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a thin film photovoltaic device incorporating the light trapping structure formed by the disclosed method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates two stages in the formation of the light trapping structure.    glass substrate/superstrate (11)    silicon film (15)    texturing layer (32)    texturing particles (34)
NOVELTY - A power generation system based on gasification of combustible material comprises a low-temperature gasifying furnace (2) for gasifying combustible material, e.g. combustible waste and coal, at predetermined temperatures, for example, 400-1,000 degrees C. Power is generated by feeding the produced gas produced in the low-temperature gasification furnace (2) into a fuel cell (6). The low-temperature gasification furnace preferably comprises a fluidized-bed gasification furnace.    USE - None given.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a block diagram of the system.    gasification furnace (2)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has (a) a solid polymer fuel cell main body, (b) a fuel reformer, (c) a temperature/humidity exchanger, (d) a separator which separates the moisture from the pre-reacted gas from the exchanger, (e) a mixer which mixes a part of the water from the separator and the fuel, (f) fuel supplier and (g) a mixed liquid supplier which supplies a part of the mixed liquid to the reformer.    USE - Used as a solid polymer fuel cell system which uses a solid polymer having ion conductivity as an electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Freezing in systems which use fuels which do not dissolve in water such as gasoline, is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer fuel cell system has (a) a solid polymer fuel cell main body, (b) a fuel reformer that supplies reformed fuel to the main body where the fuel and water vapor are supplied which have solidification point up to the freezing point, (c) a temperature/humidity exchanger which exchanges heat and moisture of pre-reacted gas which passed the reaction part of the fuel cell main body and the unreacted gas which passed the reaction part of the fuel cell stack, (d) a separation means which separates the moisture from the pre-reacted gas emitted from the exchanger, (e) a mixing means which mixes a part of the water from the separator and the fuel, (f) fuel supply means provides fuel to the mixing means, and (g) a mixed liquid supply means which supplies a part of the mixed liquid to the fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 2 is a drawing which shows an example of the system.    Main Body (100)    Fuel Electrode (100a)    Oxidizing Electrode (100b)    Reformer (101)    Carbon Monoxide Reducer (102)    Fuel Stack (107)    Heat Exchanger (110)    Separator (111)    Oxidizer Exhaust Gas (112)    Mixer (113)    Supply Pump (114)    Mixed Liquid Pump (115)    Vaporizer (116)    Control Unit (117)    Resorber Tank (118)    Electric Fan (119)    Water Cooling Pump (120)    Sensor (121)
NOVELTY - A bipolar plate for use in an electrochemical cell (12) comprises an electrically conductive plate (22, 26) formed from a thermosetting vinyl ester resin embedded with a conductive powder to provide electrical conductivity of 10 S/cm for the bipolar plate.    USE - For use in electrochemical cells, particularly polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) to produce electrical power for stationary and transportation applications. The plate serves as a current collector and impermeable barrier between gases on either side of the plate.    ADVANTAGE - The material is inexpensive, electrically conductive, lightweight, strong, corrosion resistant, easily mass produced and impermeable to hydrogen gas. The plate contains reinforcement fibers, which improve the material's properties without increasing overall cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a material composition for electrochemical cell bipolar plates comprising a vinyl ester resin, and a graphite powder having particle sizes of 80-325 mesh at 20-95 wt.%.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded view, in cross-section, of a fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell assembly (12)    Conductive plates (22, 26)
NOVELTY - A substrate suitable for the preparation of a composite membrane comprises a porous matrix of fibers, which are bound with a binder comprising both silica and a fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer.    USE - For use in the preparation of a composite membrane, e.g. for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of a substrate as a membrane by the incorporation of an ion-conducting polymer produces a surprising effect on the dimensional stability of the membrane when it is subjected to full hydration conditions. When tested by the method as described, the dimensional changes in membranes based on the substrates of the invention result in at most +/-16 % change in their areas, preferably at most +/-0-6 % expansion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are also included for    (a) a composite membrane, comprising a porous substrate of fibers and at least one -ion-conducting polymer;    (b) the preparation of a porous substrate comprising applying an aqueous dispersion of silica and a fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer to a porous matrix of wet fibers;    (c) manufacturing a substrate by i) dispersing the fibers in water to form a slurry; ii) depositing the slurry into a mesh bed to form a network; iii) drying and compacting the fiber network; and applying a dispersion of the binder before or after step iii);    (d) manufacturing a membrane by i) forming a porous substrate of, preferably randomly oriented individual mixed amorphous silica fibers bound with a binder by a process as specified above; and ii) impregnating the fiber matrix substrate with a polymeric material to produce a membrane;    (e) a membrane electrode assembly comprising a substrate and/or a composite membrane as stated above; and    (f) a fuel cell comprising a substrate and/or a composite membrane as stated above.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising an ion-conducting polymer, a catalyst, and a high surface area support material is prepared by associating the catalyst with the support material to form a catalyzed support; and combining the catalyzed support with an ion-conducting polymer composition.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte membrane is used in electrochemical devices, particularly fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process of the invention is less complex, has fewer and shorter process steps and is capable of producing a consistent and reproducible product compared to the prior art multi-step process, thus the cost of producing a membrane is reduced. Further, the catalyst is directly applied to the high surface area particulate material, which acts as a support for the catalyst. The catalyst is also deposited in a high surface area, small particle size form. This enables the expensive catalyst to be used more effectively and in lower amounts while also improving the self-humidifying performance of the membrane. Additionally, when the particulate material has water-retaining properties, all of the catalyst promoting the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen is in immediate and intimate contact with the sites at which the water formed can be stored.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a membrane prepared by the process as specified above;    (b) a membrane electrode assembly comprising a membrane prepared by the process as above; and    (c) a fuel cell comprising a membrane prepared as above; and    (d) a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode assembly.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell performance in a liquid feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell having an electrode(s) is improved by oxidizing the carbonaceous substrate prior to incorporation of the electro catalyst into the electrode. The electrode comprises a carbonaceous substrate and an electro catalyst.    USE - For improving fuel cell performance in a liquid feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The improvements of the performance associated with the treatment of the carbonaceous substrate, may relate to an increase in wettability of the substrate with an ionomer which is subsequently deposited on the electrode or the liquid reactant stream (or both). Qualitatively, the former could result in more intimate contact of an ionomer coating with the electro catalyst, thus improving proton access/conduction. The latter could result in improving liquid reactant stream access to the catalyst. Alternatively, the presence of surface acidic groups on the substrate surface itself may improve proton access/conduction directly. Further still, the presence of surface active acidic groups may affect the reaction kinetics at the electro catalyst sites.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) an electrode for a liquid feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell;    (b) an anode for as stated in (a); and    (c) a liquid solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising as specified above.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell performance in a liquid feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell having an electrode is improved by impregnating the substrate with a first proton conducting ionomer; and applying the electro catalyst to the impregnated substrate. The electrode is supplied with a liquid reactant stream, and comprising a substrate and an electro catalyst.    USE - For improving a fuel cell performance in a liquid feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell    ADVANTAGE - The initial ionomer impregnation likely results in a thin coating of ionomer disposed over large portion of the porous substrate surface area. The coating reduces the size of the pores and alter the wettability of the impregnated substrate. The former effect reduces the tendency for electro catalyst to penetrate too deeply into the substrate, keeping it localized at the substrate/membrane interface in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) where it is preferably located. Ionomer coatings on an electrode substrate generally result in better transport of reactants and products (e.g., methanol, carbon dioxide) whether applied before or after deposition of an electro catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a liquid feed solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, comprising as specified above.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack has a membrane electrode assembly with opposed catalyst layers and a proton exchange membrane interposed between an anode and cathode support plates; a reactant flow-field or water transport plate adjacent to one of the support plates; and a sealant coating between the two sealing surfaces. All plates have a peripheral face defining a sealing surface.    USE - For generating electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The single adhesive/sealant used to coat the exterior edges and to impregnate the exterior edges of these components, provides a convenient way of achieving desired functions of both sealing and of adhesion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell stack for generating electrical energy has a membrane electrode assembly including opposed catalyst layers, and a proton exchange membrane (10) between the catalyst layers including opposed anode (12) and cathode (14) support plates adjacent to the catalyst layers (16), each catalyst support plate having a marginal peripheral face defining a first sealing surface; a reactant flow-field plate or water transport plate adjacent to one of the catalyst support plates and having a peripheral face defining a second sealing surface; and a sealant coating between the two sealing surfaces. The sealant coating being an elastomeric adhesive to bond the catalyst support plate to the flow-field plate or water transport plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded side elevational view illustrating several of the components in a pair of side-by-side fuel cells in a typical fuel cell stack.    proton exchange membrane (10)    anode (12)    cathode (14)    catalyst layer (16)
NOVELTY - Substrate suitable for the preparation of a composite membrane comprises a porous matrix of fibers. The fibers comprise mixed amorphous silica fibers that are bound with a binder.    USE - Composite membrane for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The substrates of the present invention, when used as membrane by the incorporation of an ion-conducting polymer, produce a surprising effect on the dimensional stability of the membrane when subject to full hydration conditions. When tested by the method as described, the dimensional changes in membranes based on the substrates of the invention result in at most +/-9 change in their areas.(claimed)    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a composite membrane for use in a fuel cell, comprising a porous substrate of fibers and an ion-conducting polymer(s);    (b) manufacture of a substrate by:    (i) dispersing the fibers in water to form a slurry;    (ii) depositing the slurry into a mesh bed to form a network;    (iii) drying and compacting the fiber network; and    (iv) applying a dispersion of binder, before or after step iii);    (c) manufacture of a membrane by    (i) forming a porous substrate of, preferably randomly oriented individual mixed amorphous silica fibers bound with a binder by a process as stated above; and    (ii) impregnating the porous substrate with a polymeric material to produce a membrane;    (d) a membrane electrode assembly comprising a substrate or a composite membrane as specified above; and    (e) a fuel cell comprising a substrate or a composite membrane as stated above.
NOVELTY - An activated layer (4) of multiple quantum well structure which consists of InGaAsP follows a slope (3) of a well layer provided on an SnP step substrate (1). The As composition ratio of area along the slope of well layer is higher than that of the area in alignment with a main surface (2). A n-type current block layer (8) is formed on the main surface and p-type current channel layer (7) is formed on the slope.    USE - For use in optical fiber communication system to generate laser.    ADVANTAGE - Satisfies element characteristics, such as temperature characteristic, low current threshold value. Improves propagation and development of FTTH.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hole density of the clad layer (5) is higher than that of the area along the slope. The layer has two clad layers (5,6). The current block layer and current channel layer are composed of either of Zn,Mg,Cd, S or Se element is included simultaneously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of a semiconductor laser.    SnP step structure (1)    Main surface (2)    Slope (3)    Activated layer (4)    Clad layers (5,6)    p-type current channel layer (7)    n-type current block layer (8)
NOVELTY - A vent is provided on a protection film (6) formed on a cadmium telluride film to expose the cadmium telluride film. A gas containing finely ground particles is sprayed perpendicularly on the protection film from a long slender shaped injection tip to form a predetermined pattern so that the fine particles collide with the exposed tellurium film.    USE - For e.g. cadmium sulfide solar battery, cadmium telluride solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves patterning procedure of Cadmium-tellurium film. Enables to form minute scribed-line at high speed. Enables to obtain solar battery with high conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A transparent electrically conductive film (2), cadmium sulfide film (4), and cadmium telluride film (5) are formed sequentially on a transparent substrate (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery during several stages in manufacturing process.    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrically conductive film (2)    Cadmium sulfide film (4)    Cadmium telluride film (5)    Protection film (6)
NOVELTY - Electrode film (11) on substrate (10) is radiated with laser beam (L1) to form a rectangular slit. A semiconductor film (12) formed on the electrode film (11) is radiated with laser beam (L2) and rectangular slit is formed on semiconductor film. Upper electrode film (13) is formed on semiconductor film and radiated with laser beam (L3) to form a slit. The slits formed, eliminate the low energy laser beam.    USE - For manufacturing thin-film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the films are divided by radiating laser beam, generation of short circuit is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the manufacturing method of thin film solar battery.    Substrate (10)    Electrode film (11)    Semiconductor film (12)    Upper electrode film (13)    Laser beams (L1,L2,L3)
NOVELTY - Heating gas supply method involves supplying a heating gas to a fuel battery which comprises anode and cathode on either sides of electrolyte. The heating gas is formed by removing any formic acid or aldehyde compounds present in a gas formed from methanol by fuel formation unit.    USE -   For fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE -   The method efficiently removes formic acid or aldehyde compounds from the heating gas supplied to a fuel battery and ensures continuous generation of electricity.
NOVELTY - A metallic material is bonded to substrate (1) through an anti-reflective coating (2). The metallic material is etched to a predetermined pattern so that electrode material is adhered to the formed pattern resulting in the formation of the mask. Printing is then performed on the electrode material.    USE - For manufacture of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery element is applicable also to solar batteries with shallow diffused layer. Optical absorption efficiency improves and improvement in electrical property is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solar battery element manufacturing method.    Substrate (1)    Anti-reflective coating (2)
NOVELTY - A buffer layer, activated layer, a window layer, contact layer are sequentially formed on one main surface of silicon substrate. A front electrode is provided on this contact layer, and a back electrode is provided to reverse surface. A grating groove of width 0.1-1 mum is formed on main surface side of silicon substrate.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The weight reduction of cell due to crack occurring frequently during cell manufacture is prevented. Manufacturing efficiency improves.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of solar battery element.
NOVELTY - An electrically conducting ZnO film (2) is formed on a thin film solar battery. The conducting film is patterned by thermal process followed by chemical etching to form minute roughness on the conducting film surface.    USE - For manufacturing thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Separation resistance in electrically conducting film is raised to above 10 mega ohm, by making its surface rough during chemical etching. Thus, high conversion efficiency is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of thin film solar battery.    ZnO film (2)
NOVELTY - A separator structure for a fuel cell comprises a number of single cells, each being constructed by disposing electrodes on both the sides of an ion exchange membrane and putting them together between separators; a gasket or a rubber ring is stuck by adhesion at a predetermined position on each separator in one body.    USE - Separator structure used for mounting a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Time for mounting rubber O-rings or gasket sheets can be completely eliminated and it is also possible to reduce inconveniences at mounting them represented by positional displacement. Handling is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a separator structure for a fuel cell.    Separator (5)    Seat gasket (6)
NOVELTY - A fluorocarbon based conductive polymer is prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas.    USE - Fluorocarbon based conductive polymer prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas, for organic light-emitting device, electrodes for battery, fuel cells, electrochromic, chemical and biochemical sensors, ion exchange and release devices, and neutron detection.    ADVANTAGE - The layers are highly conductive and have excellent conformality, sufficient durability, and good adhesion to substrates. The process is simpler than the conventional methods to fabricate conductive polymers. Hole injection is enhanced, and the device operational stability is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMs are also included for (1) a method of making a conductive polymer layer comprising: (a) placing a substrate on an electrode in a plasma polymerisation system; (b) evacuating the system; (c) introducing a flow of fluorocarbon gas into the chamber at a predetermined pressure; and (d) selecting an appropriate power level of a low-frequency input signal to generate a plasma from the gas which forms a conductive polymer over the substrate, (2) an electroluminescent device comprising a substrate (302), a conductive anode (304), an organic light-emitting structure (310) formed over the anode including a hole-transport layer formed of a fluorocarbon based conductive polymer (306) prepared by plasma polymerisation of a fluorocarbon gas, a cathode (308) formed over the organic light-emitting structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an organic light-emitting device.    Light-transmissive substrate (302)    Light-transmissive anode (304)    Plasma polymer layer (306)    Cathode (308)    Organic light-emitting structure (310)    Organic hole transporting layer (312)    Organic light-emitting layer (314)    Organic electron-transporting layer (316)
NOVELTY - A deposited film forming system has at least a vacuum vessel (108), means for feeding a film-forming material gas into the vacuum vessel, a discharge electrode (102) provided inside the vacuum vessel, and a power supply conductor (103) for applying a high-frequency power to the discharge electrode, the system also comprises an earth shield (105) surrounding the power supply conductor inside the vacuum vessel, and dielectric materials (104) at least part of which is disposed between the power supply conductor and the earth shield.    USE - System and process for forming deposited films, for forming semiconductor thin films for photovoltaic devices such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The system makes applied-power loss less occur, keeps the power feeding course from its temperature rise, makes discharge readily take place even after use for a long time and also maintains uniform discharge for a long time. Deposited films having a high quality and superior uniformity can be formed over a large area on a beltlike substrate that moves continuously.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a deposited film forming process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a deposited film forming system having a power feeding course according to the invention.    Discharge electrode (102)    Power supply conductor (103)    Dielectric material (104)    Earth shield (105)    Vacuum vessel (108)    Gas inlet (110)
NOVELTY - A high temperature fuel cell (1) has an interconnector (2) coated with a nickel layer and an overlying layer.    USE - As a high temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The nickel layer prevents oxide layer formation on the interconnector to avoid series resistance increase and ensure high conductivity even over a long operating time, while the overlying layer prevents nickel layer oxidation on initial start-up of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high temperature fuel cell (1) has an electrical conductor for electrically connecting an interconnector (2) with the anode (11) of an electrolyte-electrode unit, the interconnector having a first layer of nickel and an overlying second layer. Preferred Features: The interconnector consists of CrFe5Y2O3 and the second layer consists of one or more of Cu, Fe, W and Co.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a high temperature fuel cell.    high temperature fuel cell (1)    interconnector (2)    anode (11)
NOVELTY - An electrically conductive and optically transparent material consists of a high bandwidth oxidic semiconductor in the form of a three-dimensional porous lattice.    USE - Claimed uses of the material are in (i) dispersing it in dry form in a polymer and injection molding the product or applying it as a layer on a substrate; (ii) dispersing it together with a binder in a liquid, applying the suspension to a substrate and drying to form an electrically-conductive layer; and (iii) dispersing it in a polymer or an adhesive and using the product as an adhesive. Typical uses are in optically transparent electrodes for solar cells; with glass or polycarbonates as 'smart windows'; as flat image screens, light detectors or sensors; as electrochromic devices; or as electrically-conductive components which can be used without an additional electrically-conductive coating as electromagnetic screens.    ADVANTAGE - The material combines electrical conductivity and high porosity (and hence low density) with high optical transparency. Unlike the filler material of DE4228608 it is not itself strongly colored and can thus be colored without any variation or clouding of the desired color.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the material by condensation of particles from a supersaturated gas phase containing the elements of the material.
NOVELTY - Process for operating a fuel cell system comprises removing moisture from a waste air stream (30) of a fuel cell (12) by adsorption (31), desorbing the adsorbed water and recycling into the feed stream (20), fuel stream, liquid stream of the anode side and/or cooling water cycle of the fuel cell.    USE - Used for stacked fuel cells operated by hydrogen or reformate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell (12) with a cathode (14), and anode (16), a feed line (20) and a waste air line (30).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.    fuel cell (12)    cathode (14)    anode (16)    feed line (20)    waste air line (30)    adsorption (31)