(JP2001185193-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell power generating system comprises a wet filter kept wet by water supply device and provided in an oxidizing agent gas supply passage of a fuel cell body, so clean air containing no impurities can be supplied to an air electrode of the fuel cell.    USE - For a fuel cell power generating system.
(JP2001155771-A)   NOVELTY - Electrolyte for a secondary cell comprises an ionic compound and an organic polymer. The organic polymer is an oxyalkylene compound or a borate compound obtained by esterifying the oxyalkylene compound with boric acid or boric acid anhydride.    USE - Used as an electrolyte for secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity and is highly safe. Batteries which contain the electrolyte have good charge/discharge cycles.
(JP2001185172-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell has a portion of the fuel gas flow passage, that is located near a fuel gas inlet, arranged close to a portion of the oxygen-containing gas flow passage that is located near an oxygen-containing gas outlet with an ion exchange membrane of 20 - 60 microns thickness between the gas passages.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - It is possible to easily and smoothly supply water which is produced in the oxygen-containing gas flow passage to the fuel gas flow passage. Thus non-humidifying operation is performed for the fuel cell. Initial humidification is performed in a short period of time. Gas humidifying device is small in size and economical.
(JP2001188265-A)   NOVELTY - Producing an electrochromic mirror comprises: obtaining an electrochromic mirror cell by laminating two electrically conductive substrates applied with a sealant on the peripheral edge of conductive surface; sealing the cell after injecting an electrolyte; and annealing the cell containing the electrolyte.    USE - For producing an electrochromic mirror for glare-protection from light emanating from headlights of vehicles approaching from the rear.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents the conductive layer from being contaminated and improves the performances of the cell.
(JP2001176556-A)   NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte gel comprises a polymer or copolymer matrix and at least one non-aqueous polar solvent.    USE - The gel is used in an electrochemical device such as a secondary lithium battery (claimed), electrochromic windows, actuators, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The gel has both high ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and good mechanical stability.
(JP2001102039-A)   NOVELTY - A circuit protection device is formed from two electrodes and a resistive element composed of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) conductive polymer composition. The composition contains ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate component of less than 30 wt.% and a melting point of at most 105degreesC.    USE - In protecting batteries e.g. rechargeable used with electrical equipment such as cameras, video recorders, tools, portable computers, personal data assistants and cellular phones.    ADVANTAGE - The device protects the battery against both over temperature and overcurrent conditions. The device has a low resistance, low switching temperature and a PTC anamoly of 103.5 or greater. The device provides improved protection of batteries, causes minimal distortion of signals and loss of battery capacity without decreasing in current-carrying capacity under operating conditions.
(JP2001081190-A)   NOVELTY - New production of meta type polyaniline involves polymerizing aniline in water or at least one organic solvent in the presence of at least one oxidizing agent at -20 - 50degreesC. The organic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide. The oxidizing agent is ammonium peroxodisulfate, iron (III) chloride, manganese dioxide or hydrogen peroxide.    USE - As solid polymer electrolyte material for fuel cells particularly for liquid supply type direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).    ADVANTAGE - The acid-doped meta type polyanilines are excellent in proton conductivity and methanol barrier property, very high in doped stability in aqueous solutions of methanol. The polyaniline has a flexible molecular structure compared with the para-type polyaniline.
(JP2001200159-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen storage composite molding contains a hydrogen storage material and a silicon resin.    USE - The molding can be used in hydrogen supply sources of fuel cells and in hydrogen vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The composite molding is free from pulverizing or collapse even after carrying out absorption and release repeatedly for a long period of time, and has good heat resistance, formability and processability.
(JP2001118592-A)   NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has an electrolyte-electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of porous electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies fuel gas to one of the porous electrodes, and a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies oxidizing gas to the other electrode.    USE - None given..    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved quality and reduced cost. The problem of the gas seal is solved easily and simply and safely.
(JP2001113117-A)   NOVELTY - Moisture absorbing and desorbing organic polymer material comprises an organic polymer base material with a main polymer chain bonded with side chains containing a hydrophilic group.    USE - Particularly useful as a desiccant for humidity adjustment in e.g. air conditioning systems.    ADVANTAGE - The material has improved adsorption and desorption properties, is cheap to make and easy to dispose, such as by incineration.
(JP2001072875-A)   NOVELTY - Ion-conductive polymer compound has at least one boron atom in a polymer skeleton.    USE - The electrolyte is used in the production of batteries used for videos, cameras, personal computers, portable telephones etc.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has a heightened transport number with respect to carrier charge ions. Battery is obtained which has high voltage and high capacity.    (JP2001072876-A)   NOVELTY - Ion-conductive polymer compound has at least one boron atom in a polymer skeleton.    USE - The electrolyte is used in the production of batteries used for videos, cameras, personal computers, portable telephones etc.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has a heightened transport number with respect to carrier charge ions. Battery is obtained which has high voltage and high capacity.    (JP2001072877-A)   NOVELTY - Ion-conductive polymer compound has at least one boron atom in a polymer skeleton.    USE - The electrolyte is used in the production of batteries used for videos, cameras, personal computers, portable telephones etc.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has a heightened transport number with respect to carrier charge ions. Battery is obtained which has high voltage and high capacity.    (JP2001131246-A)   NOVELTY - Ion-conductive polymer compound has at least one boron atom in a polymer skeleton.    USE - The electrolyte is used in the production of batteries used for videos, cameras, personal computers, portable telephones etc.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has a heightened transport number with respect to carrier charge ions. Battery is obtained which has high voltage and high capacity.
(EP1102330-A2)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module comprises a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer. The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module has an excellent environmental resistance through the use of the back cover film having a high adhesive strength with the encapsulant resin.    (JP2001148497-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module comprises a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer. The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module has an excellent environmental resistance through the use of the back cover film having a high adhesive strength with the encapsulant resin.
(DE19951872-A1)   NOVELTY - The membrane polymer is selected from polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, PVC, polyvinyl sulfone, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride or mixtures with ceramic materials selected from oxide(s) of aluminum, silicon, titanium and zirconium.    USE - For batteries including secondary lithium batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Electrolyte has improved stability and lithium ion conductivity.    (JP2001155770-A)   NOVELTY - The membrane polymer is selected from polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, PVC, polyvinyl sulfone, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride or mixtures with ceramic materials selected from oxide(s) of aluminum, silicon, titanium and zirconium.    USE - For batteries including secondary lithium batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Electrolyte has improved stability and lithium ion conductivity.
(JP2001126681-A)   NOVELTY - A battery (1) comprises an anode (3), a cathode (4) and an electrolyte arranged in a bottomed tubular battery case. An opening in the battery case is sealed by a battery lid having a degassing hole (14). The degassing hole is covered by a sheathing member (15).    USE - As alkaline battery (claimed) for electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The sheathing member prevents the leakage of electrolytic solution through degassing hole. Therefore, the tubular battery has high operational reliability.
(WO200134698-A1)   NOVELTY - An EPM or EPDM elastomer composition (I) containing a thermally conductive component and useful for the production of tubing for solar collectors and heat exchanges comprises: (A) 50-100 pts. wt. rubber; (B) 50-150 pts.wt. thermally conductive material; (C) 5-40 pts.wt. carbon black pigment; (D) 2-15 pts. wt. calcium oxide; (E) 4-15 pts.wt. peroxide cross-linking agent; and (F) 1-15 pts.wt. activator.    USE - The EPM or EPDM elastomer (I) is useful for the production of tubing for solar collectors and heat exchangers.    ADVANTAGE - The elastomer (I) is extrudable and has an improved thermal conductivity of greater than 1 W/mK.
(JP2001167782-A)   NOVELTY - A heat exchanger for cooling a circulating water of a fuel cell comprises an aluminum structure having an inner surface defining an inner space; and a resin coating layer formed on the inner surface and contacting with the circulating water when circulating water flows through the inner space.    USE - For cooling a circulating water of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By the use the aluminum structure, the resulting heat exchanger is light in weight and smaller in size, thus decreasing the production cost.
(FR2798775-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery is located in a container (2) made of insulating material having at least one wall, and has contact elements for connecting the battery to an external application input. The contact elements are grouped and separated by partitions (10) made of insulating material and form a single terminal. The partitions (10) and the wall are made as an integrated unit.    USE - Electrical energy supply.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has low manufacturing cost and is precisely matched with the needs of the user. More reliable sealing of the battery is provided in the event of immersion.    (JP2001110373-A)   NOVELTY - The battery is located in a container (2) made of insulating material having at least one wall, and has contact elements for connecting the battery to an external application input. The contact elements are grouped and separated by partitions (10) made of insulating material and form a single terminal. The partitions (10) and the wall are made as an integrated unit.    USE - Electrical energy supply.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has low manufacturing cost and is precisely matched with the needs of the user. More reliable sealing of the battery is provided in the event of immersion.
(JP2001076740-A)   NOVELTY - At least one of the first separator and the second separator comprises a metal base material and a conductive resin layer provided on the metal base material and contacting to the electrolyte-electrode assembly. The conductive resin layer comprises a resin having water repelling and basic groups and conductive particulate material.    USE - The fuel cell is used as a generator for domestic co-generator systems and moving bodies.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive separator has a strong corrosion resistance against long-time exposure to high humidity gas and contact resistance with the electrolyte-electrode assembly is not increased. Manufacture costs are reduced.
NOVELTY - A case (30) comprises: (i) first polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer (310) as innermost layer of the case; (ii) aluminum foil layer (330); (iii) second PTFE layer interposed between and adhering the first PTFE layer including acid and plasticizer, and formed from aqueous emulsion oxidized to cause corrosive reaction with aluminum foil; and (iv) nylon layer (340) on the aluminum foil layer as outermost layer of the case.    USE - For secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has improved structure for improving the battery performance.
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises positive electrode, negative electrode, separator between the positive and negative electrodes, and coating of polymer on second sides of each electrode. The separator is near to the first sides of the positive and negative electrodes. The coating of polymer is remote from the separator, and the coating having an elongation ratio of at least200%.    USE - For use in portable electronic apparatuses.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has improved structure to attain an excellent safety. It prevents internal short-circuiting. It includes a coating layer having an excellent elongation ratio on surface of positive and negative electrode plates, thus improving the battery safety.
(WO200139278-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar panel, comprises a transparent panel (10) with a solar cell unit (18) containing crystalline solar cells. Connectors (22) link these to a collector electrode (14). This consists of a coating applied either directly to the panel or to an intermediate coating (12) and is in contact with the connectors on the side which is turned away from the panel    USE - For use in the sun roof of a car.
(JP2001052746-A)   NOVELTY - Polymer solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity has silylamide bonds (Si-N-Si bonds) in the polymer structure.    USE - The electrolyte is used to produce a lithium secondary cell for uses in e.g. personal computers, portable telephones, electrical vehicles, hybrid electrical vehicles, electrical motorbikes, electrical bicycles, electrical power storage and co-generator devices for homes etc..    ADVANTAGE - The polymer solid electrolyte contains counter ions forming lithium salts with lithium ions in the polymer and has a single ion electron conducting system where lithium ions alone are mobile ions, and so has excellent conductivity. The electrolyte is easy to produce. The cell is safe and can be shaped into a variety of shapes. The cell gives a high voltage.
(DE19935180-C2)   NOVELTY - Method for determining a measured quantity comprises coating a solar cell with an indicator (I) whose fluorescence behavior and/or spectral transmission is dependent on the measured quantity and impacting the coated solar cell with the measured quantity in the presence of natural or artificial light.    USE - The method can be used to determine a physical or chemical influence, especially pH, pressure, temperature or humidity, or to determine to presence and/or concentration of a gaseous, liquid or solid substance, especially oxygen, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, metal (e.g. mercury) ions or ozone, in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, environmental technology or analysis, e.g. blood analysis.    ADVANTAGE - No electricity supply or special light source is required.
(DE19935181-A1)   NOVELTY - Method for protecting a substrate which has been treated by vacuum technology comprises coating the treated surface with an organic monomer.    USE - In semiconductor and solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - The protective coating is easy to apply and remove.
(JP2001035510-A)   NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell contains, as an electrolyte, a cation exchange film which comprises a pefluorocarbon polymer having a sulfonic acid group and which is subjected to stretching so as to attains an area increase of 5 - 100 %.    USE - The fuel cell is suitable for use as the electricity supply for cars, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The cation exchange film is free from wrinkles caused by elongation even when used under high humidity conditions, and hence the cell gas a high output and excellent durability.
(JP2001057217-A)   NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte cell comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (1) interposed between anode and cathode. Each anode and cathode comprises a catalyst layer (2) which is in contact with the membrane. A water repellent layer (4) (WRL) is interposed between the catalyst layer (CL) and electrode supporting material (3) (ESM). The through-holes (5) present in the WRL electrically connects the CL and ESM.    USE - For portable power sources, distributed power sources and cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The water repellency of the electrode is improved, since a water repellent layer is provided between the catalyst layer and electrode supporting layer. Thus, the water formed in the catalyst layer is confined in the catalyst layer. Therefore even if the dry gas with relatively low humidity is supplied to the electrode, the deterioration in performance of the electrolyte in the electrolyte membrane and catalyst layer due to drying is suppressed. Polymer electrolyte cell with high performance, is provided.
(JP2000349309-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module is encapsulated by pre-heating a diaphragm of an upper chamber of the module to a predetermined temperature, supplying a lamination unit to the table, and pressing and heating the unit by elastically deforming the diaphragm.    USE - For encapsulating a photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents appearance of a temperature difference between the surfaces. It is also capable of uniformly heating and laminating a lamination unit.    (JP2000349313-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module is encapsulated by pre-heating a diaphragm of an upper chamber of the module to a predetermined temperature, supplying a lamination unit to the table, and pressing and heating the unit by elastically deforming the diaphragm.    USE - For encapsulating a photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents appearance of a temperature difference between the surfaces. It is also capable of uniformly heating and laminating a lamination unit.    (JP2001053306-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module is encapsulated by pre-heating a diaphragm of an upper chamber of the module to a predetermined temperature, supplying a lamination unit to the table, and pressing and heating the unit by elastically deforming the diaphragm.    USE - For encapsulating a photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents appearance of a temperature difference between the surfaces. It is also capable of uniformly heating and laminating a lamination unit.    (JP2001053325-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module is encapsulated by pre-heating a diaphragm of an upper chamber of the module to a predetermined temperature, supplying a lamination unit to the table, and pressing and heating the unit by elastically deforming the diaphragm.    USE - For encapsulating a photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents appearance of a temperature difference between the surfaces. It is also capable of uniformly heating and laminating a lamination unit.
(JP2001035523-A)   NOVELTY - A film packed battery is produced by pre-charging the battery power source (1) while pressure is applied. The battery power source, which is packed with a heat sealable film, includes at least a cathode, anode, electrolyte, and a separator.    USE - For producing a secondary film packed battery, e.g., prismatic battery, useful in notebook computer and mobile phone.    ADVANTAGE - The packed battery has excellent stability and deformation due to charge and discharge is small even when the internal pressure is increased through use.
(JP2001009961-A)   NOVELTY - A carbonaceous complex structure comprises a layered set of a substrate, a carbonaceous thin film and a fullerene thin film.    USE - The structure is used in solar cells and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesion between neighboring layers is improved so that the structure exhibits superior durability. Charge separation by photo absorption can occur so that donor-acceptor heterojunctions are formed.
(WO200062364-A1)   NOVELTY - A composite body, comprising a hot laminated stack of specified separator, cathode and anode layers, is new.    USE - The composite body is used for production of an electrochemical cell, in a sensor, an electrochromic window, a display, a capacitor or an ion conductive foil and the cell is used in automobile batteries, appliance batteries, flat batteries, on-board batteries, batteries for static applications, electrotraction batteries or polymer batteries (claimed), the battery being especially a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The composite bodies are mechanically stable and can be used directly as an electrochemical cell.
(JP2001102016-A)   NOVELTY - The lead wire (18a) is connected to either of the electrodes of sealed bag-type battery. An ionizing radiation crosslinked polyolefin insulator (21a) of the lead wire is fused to a thermoplastic polyolefin layer present in the sealed bag interior. The polyolefin resin of insulator has a gel fraction of 20-90% and the adhesive strength between thermoplastic layer of bag and the lead wire is 4.9 N/cm or more.    USE - For non-electrolyte battery used as power supply for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The lead wire is securely bonded to the sealed bag and hence short-circuiting is prevented. Since the adhesion between the bag and insulator is improved, leakage of electrolyte is avoided.
(JP2001032162-A)   NOVELTY - The non-woven fiber web comprises first amorphous silica fibers orientated in the x, y, and optionally z-direction and optionally bonded with binder substance(s). Continuous strand(s) is/are embedded within the non-woven fiber web. Each strand contains second amorphous silica fiber(s).    USE - The web is useful in an ion-conducting membrane used in a catalyst coated membrane and a membrane electrode assembly which are useful in a fuel cell (claimed). It can also be used in metal-air batteries, electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical reactors for the electrosynthesis of useful chemical compounds and separator mats for batteries. Non-electrochemical applications of non-woven fiber web includes composite materials for cryogenic insulation; composite reinforcement in areas, e.g. plastics, cements, printed circuit boards, and sports goods; for insulation purposes, military applications, automotive structural components, brakes, gaskets, and transmission units; and for filtration applications.    ADVANTAGE - Produces a membrane in high volumes and with high yields at low unit cost.
(EP1110260-A1)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte comprises at least one polymer compound having a poly-or oligo-carbonated group (I) and at least one electrolyte salt.    USE - For lithium batteries, electric double layer capacitor (claimed) and for various electrochemical elements.    ADVANTAGE - The inorganic oxide improves strength and uniformity of the film thickness and generates fine vacancy between the inorganic oxide and the polymer. The inorganic oxide enables free dispersion of electrolytic solution into the solid polymer electrolyte into the vacancy resulting in elevated ion conductivity and ion mobility without impairing the effect of improving the strength. Viscosity of the polymerizable composition increases and separation of the polymer and the solvent is inhibited by adding the inorganic oxide. The polymer electrolyte has high strength even when formed into a thin film having a thickness on the order of tens of mum, high ion conductivity, excellent workability, high-temperature characteristics and large current characteristics. The battery or electric double layer capacitor using the solid polymer electrolyte can be used for long period of time, avoiding fear of liquid leakage. The battery has good cycle property, excellent safety, reliability and can work in high capacity and high current.
(DE19929509-A1)   NOVELTY - The catalytically-active surface of the counter-electrode includes one or more polymers and/or one or more salts of a polymer with a sequence of aromatic rings in the main chain.    USE - For photochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytically-active counter electrode avoids costly materials e.g. platinum, without sacrificing efficiency or life. Suitable substances and a proprietary source are nominated. No tempering stage is required, whereas platinum requires this treatment regularly. A bonding agent (silane) secures the catalytic coating.    (JP2001043908-A)   NOVELTY - The catalytically-active surface of the counter-electrode includes one or more polymers and/or one or more salts of a polymer with a sequence of aromatic rings in the main chain.    USE - For photochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytically-active counter electrode avoids costly materials e.g. platinum, without sacrificing efficiency or life. Suitable substances and a proprietary source are nominated. No tempering stage is required, whereas platinum requires this treatment regularly. A bonding agent (silane) secures the catalytic coating.
(JP2001007366-A)   NOVELTY - A fullerene polymer obtained by polymerizing a vapor-deposited film of fullerene molecules by irradiation with electromagnetic waves.    USE - The fullerene polymer is used in heterojunctions for solar cells and light emitting diodes.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells etc. have improved durability and physical and electronic properties. The fullerene polymer film undergoes hardly any changes even after one month, whereas a vapor-deposited fullerene film tends to lose its desirable characteristics in about one day.
(DE10033944-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid fuel cell stack (10) comprises a first solid oxide fuel cell (12) with a cathode (32, 38), a second solid fuel cell (14) with an anode (30, 36), an interconnect (16) positioned between the cathode and the anode, and a porous substrate (18, 42, 43) for joining the interconnect to the anode and/or cathode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The stack achieves excellent power output and performance level. The fuel cells have high fuel efficiency, low emissions, and distributed generation options.    (JP2001035506-A)   NOVELTY - A solid fuel cell stack (10) comprises a first solid oxide fuel cell (12) with a cathode (32, 38), a second solid fuel cell (14) with an anode (30, 36), an interconnect (16) positioned between the cathode and the anode, and a porous substrate (18, 42, 43) for joining the interconnect to the anode and/or cathode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The stack achieves excellent power output and performance level. The fuel cells have high fuel efficiency, low emissions, and distributed generation options.
(GB2359924-A)   NOVELTY - An electrically conductive plate (3) is etched using particulate etchant, particulate etchant accelerator and particulate etchant resistant patterned mask. The etching is performed such that fluid flow pattern (5) determined by pattern design on mask (1) is formed on plate (3).    USE - The flow field plates are used in solid polymer fuel cells (SPFC), electrolyzers and batteries which contain fluid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - An effective and improved method for manufacture of electrochemical cell components such as flow field plate is provided. Low cost and rapid erosive etch allows formation of fluid flow patterns, fluid entry galleries and fluid exit galleries and sealing grooves.
(JP2001031917-A)   NOVELTY - A substrate (1) is coated with a fluorine containing material sheet (FM) and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer (2) with optional provision of an intermediate layer. The adhesive layer and the FM sheet are chemically bonded by irradiation of electron beam on the FM sheet.    USE - For billboards, reflectors and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive sheet has excellent adhesion with the substrate and hence is used as surface protective material. The sheet has excellent releasability.
(DE10030450-A1)   NOVELTY - The electrolyte film (7) has a surface (8) in which ion exchange is performed. 0.015-0.32 mg/cm2 of noble metal catalyst particles (9) are dispersed uniformly on the entire surface of the film. The size of catalyst particle (d2) is at most300 nm. The secondary particles of the catalyst are cylindrical with height (h) which is at most 200 nm. The coverage of the catalyst particle on the surface is less than 95%.    USE - Fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation capability of the fuel battery is improved.    (JP2001006702-A)   NOVELTY - The electrolyte film (7) has a surface (8) in which ion exchange is performed. 0.015-0.32 mg/cm2 of noble metal catalyst particles (9) are dispersed uniformly on the entire surface of the film. The size of catalyst particle (d2) is at most300 nm. The secondary particles of the catalyst are cylindrical with height (h) which is at most 200 nm. The coverage of the catalyst particle on the surface is less than 95%.    USE - Fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation capability of the fuel battery is improved.
(JP2001006701-A)   NOVELTY - The active solid polymer electrolyte film (2) comprises solid polymer-electrolyte film (7) and surface portion (8) of thickness (t2) at most 10 microns where ion exchange occurs. Precious metal catalyst particles (9) are dispersed uniformly in the surface portion. Load CA of the catalyst particle in the active solid polymer electrolyte film is 0.14-0.35 mg/cm2.    USE - Solid state polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The active solid polymer electrolyte film has increased electricity generating capability and can be mass produced.
(WO200072331-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of pi-conjugated polymers (I) comprises (A) complexation of a monomeric compound with a cyclodextrin and (B) polymerization of the complexed compound with a chemical oxidizing agent.    USE - The process is useful for the production of pi-conjugated polymers with high electrical conductivity for the production of multi-layer circuit boards, electromagnetic shielding and batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The monomer complex is stable and has improved solubility in water.
(DE19929947-A1)   NOVELTY - In a gas-tight closed cell battery with nickel oxide positive electrode(s) (anodes) and hydrogen-storing negative electrode(s) (cathodes), a hydrophilic separator and alkaline electrolyte (mixture), the cathode(s) have a gas-permeable hydrophobic transport element to transport the gases of the cell atmosphere.    USE - The products are batteries (accumulators) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - In existing cells, the charge in all cathodes cannot be equalized in the rest phase and excess hydrogen and oxygen pressure remains unless ancillary electrodes or special multilayer electrodes are used. The present cells equalize the charge in the cathodes at minimum cost and eliminate the excess pressure. Production of the electrodes is very simple.
(US2001006750-A1)   NOVELTY - Battery has: (a) a battery body comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an ion conduction layer formed between the electrodes and impregnated with an electrolyte containing an organic low molecular compound provided in the circumference part of the battery body, an absorbing substance which absorbs organic low molecular compound; and (b) a package which houses the battery body and the absorbing substance.    USE - The battery is used in lithium ion secondary cells and lithium ion primary cells. The battery is a laminated, coiled, folded or button shape.    ADVANTAGE - High stability is imparted to the battery. The possibility of abnormality such as ignition due to liquid low molecular compound seepage from the space between the cathode and anode is reduced.    (EP1115168-A1)   NOVELTY - Battery has: (a) a battery body comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an ion conduction layer formed between the electrodes and impregnated with an electrolyte containing an organic low molecular compound provided in the circumference part of the battery body, an absorbing substance which absorbs organic low molecular compound; and (b) a package which houses the battery body and the absorbing substance.    USE - The battery is used in lithium ion secondary cells and lithium ion primary cells. The battery is a laminated, coiled, folded or button shape.    ADVANTAGE - High stability is imparted to the battery. The possibility of abnormality such as ignition due to liquid low molecular compound seepage from the space between the cathode and anode is reduced.
(US6177629-B1)   NOVELTY - Charging control device for spacecraft solar array which includes solar array strings comprises a field emitter including an anode and a cathode, a first resistor coupled between the cathode of the field emitter array and a solar array common, and a second resistor coupled between the anode of the field emitter array and a solar array positive.    USE - Safe discharge of static charge buildup on sunlit space craft, such as earth orbit satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents differential charging on a spacecraft leading to electrostatic discharges that can cause satellite failures.
(JP2001015171-A)   NOVELTY - A lithium ion polymer secondary battery (10) comprises: lamination of at least one positive- (12) and at least one negative-electrode collector foil (15) having respective active material (13, 16) on their surfaces; and a polymer electrolyte layer (17) between them.    USE - The battery is used for portable devices such as video cameras and notebook personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention does not cause internal short-circuiting and has a large discharge capacity and improved characteristics after discharge-charge cycles, and exhibits high ion conductivity.    (JP2001023692-A)   NOVELTY - A lithium ion polymer secondary battery (10) comprises: lamination of at least one positive- (12) and at least one negative-electrode collector foil (15) having respective active material (13, 16) on their surfaces; and a polymer electrolyte layer (17) between them.    USE - The battery is used for portable devices such as video cameras and notebook personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention does not cause internal short-circuiting and has a large discharge capacity and improved characteristics after discharge-charge cycles, and exhibits high ion conductivity.    (JP2001028273-A)   NOVELTY - A lithium ion polymer secondary battery (10) comprises: lamination of at least one positive- (12) and at least one negative-electrode collector foil (15) having respective active material (13, 16) on their surfaces; and a polymer electrolyte layer (17) between them.    USE - The battery is used for portable devices such as video cameras and notebook personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention does not cause internal short-circuiting and has a large discharge capacity and improved characteristics after discharge-charge cycles, and exhibits high ion conductivity.
(GB2353636-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic device (2) contains an ionic conducting material (8) as solid state electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conducting material provides good energy conversion efficiency, stability and requires little or no sealing. Conversion efficiency of the device is improved when NPF is dye sensitized. The conductivity of ionic material is enhanced by adding electronic hole transporting components.
(CN1271964-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module is provided with a porous incombustible member having a structural strength between a photovoltaic element and a back face member of the cell.    USE - For use in solar cell power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is moisture proof, highly reliable, and light weight. Even when the solar cell module is burned, the photovoltaic element and surface member are not dropped out on a sheating roof board. It can be readily produced at a good yield and is reasonable in price.    (JP2000345675-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module is provided with a porous incombustible member having a structural strength between a photovoltaic element and a back face member of the cell.    USE - For use in solar cell power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is moisture proof, highly reliable, and light weight. Even when the solar cell module is burned, the photovoltaic element and surface member are not dropped out on a sheating roof board. It can be readily produced at a good yield and is reasonable in price.
(JP2000340244-A)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes cooling water circulating path (5) and a heat exchanger (10). Water inlet of the heating path (10a) and filling port at the lower part of the tank (13) supply water to storage tank from outside of the system. A water outlet of the heating path and a hot water supply port supply water from tank to external hot water supply load at the upper part of the tank.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell with cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - The cogeneration system can provide water at high temperature very quickly after the system is started and also has a large hot water supply load.
(JP2000294813-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell back cover material (1) is formed by laminating a skin film (3) and a moisture-proof film (2) with an EVA adhesive (4). The moisture-proof film (2) is prepared by forming an inorganic oxide coating film on the front surface of a base material film.    USE - Solar cell back cover material is used as a rear-surface-side protection member in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell back cover material and solar cell back cover material/sealing film are lightweight and thin, excellent in moisture-proof ability and durability, have high insulating performance, are free from leaked current, and have a high-durability.
(EP1101792-A1)   NOVELTY - Porous film is formed from a polymer composition containing (a) a polymer having C=C double bonds in the main chain and a 5-10C aliphatic ring, and (b) another resin.    USE - The porous film is used as a separator used in batteries for electrical vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The films have good porosity, gas permeability and piercing strength, and have excellent latent heat resistance.
(FR2792460-A1)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic generator comprises a photovoltaic cell included in a transparent matrix having a dichroic filter on its entry surface and a reflective coating on its opposite surface.    USE - As a photovoltaic generator provided with light cascades.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic generator has an efficiency of about eleven times greater than that of similar conventional generators, while being compact.    (FR2792461-A1)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic generator comprises a photovoltaic cell included in a transparent matrix having a dichroic filter on its entry surface and a reflective coating on its opposite surface.    USE - As a photovoltaic generator provided with light cascades.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic generator has an efficiency of about eleven times greater than that of similar conventional generators, while being compact.
(EP1090939-A1)   NOVELTY - A polyurethane polymer compound is prepared by reacting: (a) all or part of the residual isocyanate in a polyurethane compound obtained by reacting excess isocyanate with a polyol compound; with (b) the hydroxyl gps. of an alcohol containing a substituent gp. having a large dipole moment, so that the substituent gp. bonds to the polyurethane compound via an NHCOO bond.    USE - For binder resins (claimed) for ion-conductive polymer electrolyte compositions (claimed) for secondary cells (claimed), such as film cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer compound has a high dielectric constant, can dissolve high concentrations of ion-conductive salts, and has high adhesion, so that the electrodes and electrolyte are in good contact and exhibit as high an interface impedance as an electrolyte solution. The composition has high ionic strength.
(WO200072394-A1)   NOVELTY - A rechargeable battery cell is made by bonding polymeric laminates of positive (33) and negative (37) electrode elements to opposite surfaces of a polymeric laminate separator element (35), and cutting at 30-60degrees from a perpendicular axis to a planar major surface to form an angled edge (32).    USE - For making a rechargeable electrolytic battery cell (claimed), e.g. lithium-ion intercalation cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has significant savings in time and materials with increased cell efficiencies and capacities; provides economical use of a master laminate body by avoiding problems of cell element damage and deformation resulting from punch-cutting; enables direct formation of inter-electrode separator edge material; and avoids ion bypass and metallic lithium plating during cell recharge cycling.
(WO200062362-A1)   NOVELTY - Composite body production comprises applying separator and cathode and/or anode layers onto substrate foils by a wet-in-wet coating process.    USE - The composite body is used for production of an electrochemical cell, in a sensor, an electrochromic window, a display, a capacitor or an ion conductive foil and the cell is used in automobile batteries, appliance batteries, flat batteries, on-board batteries, batteries for static applications, electro traction batteries or polymer batteries (claimed), the battery being especially a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces mechanically stable composite bodies in a simpler manner than conventional processes and eliminates the need for additional steps such as extraction of plasticizers and for expensive equipment.
(US6232010-B1)   NOVELTY - Reduction in the number of parts and interfaces in an electrochemical reactor, especially in a fuel cell stack, is achieved by the use of a unified structure that combines the functions of the gas distribution and gas diffusion structures, gas distribution and gas barrier structures, or all three structures into a single unitary metallic part.    USE - Lightweight bipolar plates for use as separators between adjacent electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Higher electrical conductivity than conventional bipolar plate or stack structures.
(DE10003274-A1)   NOVELTY - A system providing at least 2 components (1,2) of a gas-producing system in a fuel cell installation, especially for multi-stage reformation processes, using an evaporated and/or superheated hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon/water mixture, comprises either (A) at least 2 heat-exchangers with the zones (3b,4b) for heat energy supply connected in tandem; or (B) one or more heat-exchangers connected to a valve distributor.    USE - For fuel cells used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides the dynamic reaction capabilities required in the operation of fuel cell installations in vehicles and is flexible in terms of providing the amounts of gas required at different operating temperatures.
(DE10003275-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel is dosed into the flow of oxidative gas and waste gases from the fuel cell (3) and/or from the gas production system (2) ahead of catalytic combustion.    USE - To vaporize and/or superheat a fuel, especially methanol/water mixture, to supply a catalytic oxidative reactor releasing the heat required when feeding a fuel cell reformer. The equipment forms e.g. part of a fuel cell power plant for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A rapid dynamic response is achievable. Catalytic combustion is a particularly responsive method of realizing a large turndown ratio in a short interval. The system delivers increased power very rapidly, in reaction to demand. Oxidant addition takes place before catalytic combustion, requiring no further energy for fine distribution and/or for evaporation of the additional fuel used. Atomization to fine particles is all that is required to assure catalytic combustion. No separate source of heating or separate energy source (other fuel, electricity) is required.
(DE10001064-A1)   NOVELTY - Steam reforming reactor comprises an alternating sequence of layers, each comprising a reforming zone (4) filled with an endothermic reforming catalyst, a heat-conducting partition (1) and a heating zone (2) containing an exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating (3), where the volume of the reforming zone is greater than that of the heating zone.    USE - The reactor is especially useful for converting hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives (e.g. methanol) to hydrogen for use in fuel cells, e.g. for motor vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating reduces the volume of the heating zone, thus providing a more compact reactor.
(DE19962555-A1)   NOVELTY - An apparatus for the selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a water containing gaseous mixture has catalytic material containing carbon monoxide oxidation stage (3) with an inlet (6) for transporting the oxidized gas to the gas mixture.    USE - The apparatus is suitable for combustible elements.
(DE10048160-A1)   NOVELTY - Dimethyl ether modification catalyst comprises copper and strong acid on which transition metal(s) except copper is supported.    USE - For generating hydrogen which is used in fuel cells for power generation (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of electricity generation by fuel cell is improved when dimethyl ether modification catalyst is used as a reformer. The catalyst modifies dimethyl ether and generates hydrogen of high concentration.
(US2001018139-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel gas production system comprises a chemical reaction device producing a gaseous mixture containing hydrogen from a raw material through chemical processes, a hydrogen separation mechanism separating hydrogen from the mixture, and a flow path feeding both the separated hydrogen and a residual gas after the separation to supply hydrogen to fuel cells.    USE - For fuel cells system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention enhances the separation and production efficiency of hydrogen in a hydrogen production system while reducing the size of the whole fuel gas production system, and raises the hydrogen partial pressure in a resulting fuel gas in a fuel gas production system, thus enabling efficient production of purge gas and regulating the flow rate of the purge gas to improve the driving efficiency and the response of fuel cells.
(JP2001185172-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell has a portion of the fuel gas flow passage, that is located near a fuel gas inlet, arranged close to a portion of the oxygen-containing gas flow passage that is located near an oxygen-containing gas outlet with an ion exchange membrane of 20 - 60 microns thickness between the gas passages.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - It is possible to easily and smoothly supply water which is produced in the oxygen-containing gas flow passage to the fuel gas flow passage. Thus non-humidifying operation is performed for the fuel cell. Initial humidification is performed in a short period of time. Gas humidifying device is small in size and economical.
(DE10052174-A1)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen fuel system includes solenoid valves (4a,4b) to open-close the transportation routes (3a,3b) respectively depending on shock of the vehicle.    USE - For vehicle e.g. passenger car, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The system prevents the reaction of hydrogen during accident.
(JP2001172651-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel oil for fuel cells is based on a desulfurized light naphtha in which the weight ratio of isoparaffins to normal paraffins is at least 1. Isomeric desulfurized naphtha light naphtha can be used.    USE - The fuel oil is for a fuel cell suitable for an automobile and a hybrid engine.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced with good efficiency, does not affect adversely a reformation catalyst or an electrode of a fuel cell and is reduced in deterioration of a reformation catalyst etc.
(JP2001203373-A)   NOVELTY - Photovoltaic device comprises semiconductor substrate, first and second electrodes connected to the n-type and p-type diffusion regions, respectively, and support substrate adhered to an adhesive layer. The regions are formed adjacently on semiconducting substrate light-receiving surface, or n-type region is formed on light-receiving surface and p-type region is formed on opposite surface.    USE - Thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Conversion efficiency is improved regardless of whether the light-receiving surface and the opposite surface are in close proximity since the semiconductor surface opposite the light-receiving surface is passivated by the adhesive layer.
(JP2001187332-A)   NOVELTY - Thin-film deposition apparatus comprises heat chamber connected directly or indirectly with the deposition chamber (1). The heat chamber has mechanism to heat the substrate (9) supplying gas of a temperature higher than room temperature by forced convection.    USE - For manufacture of liquid crystal displays or information storage disks other than solar cells. It is also used for manufacture of solar cells for power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has higher energy efficiency and the running cost is cheaper because heating mechanism provided in heat chamber heats substrates not by radiation but by forced convection.
(JP2001081190-A)   NOVELTY - New production of meta type polyaniline involves polymerizing aniline in water or at least one organic solvent in the presence of at least one oxidizing agent at -20 - 50degreesC. The organic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide. The oxidizing agent is ammonium peroxodisulfate, iron (III) chloride, manganese dioxide or hydrogen peroxide.    USE - As solid polymer electrolyte material for fuel cells particularly for liquid supply type direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).    ADVANTAGE - The acid-doped meta type polyanilines are excellent in proton conductivity and methanol barrier property, very high in doped stability in aqueous solutions of methanol. The polyaniline has a flexible molecular structure compared with the para-type polyaniline.
(NL1013876-C2)   NOVELTY - A low-temperature fuel cell assembly has sweeping gas circuit for fuel gas. The sweeping gas circuit is connected to the inlet and outlet of the anode, and is provided with a sweeping gas discharge. A receiving section is connected to the sweeping gas circuit via a semi-permeable wall. Mechanism device is arranged in the sweeping gas circuit and comprises a chemical reactor.    USE - As low-temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention removes small amount of sweeping gas during operation of the fuel cell, thus preventing accumulation of undesired gases. It does need separate supply of sweeping gas, thus it can be of simpler construction. The result of which is a decrease in operating cost, and increase in efficiency of the assembly.
(JP2001189159-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell separator has channel(s), on one or both sides for supply and discharge of gas, and is formed from thermosetting resin and graphite particles with defined flexural modulus and flexural strength.    USE - Used for high performance fuel cell, especially automobile fuel cell.
(DE19962686-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrocatalyst layer and/or precious metal concentration are asymmetric. Distribution of the electrocatalyst layer and/or the precious metal concentration is matched with requirements of the respective membrane region.    USE - A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, suitable for electric vehicles. A polymer electrode membrane (PEM) especially, is employed.    ADVANTAGE - In an earlier membrane electrode assembly, in each electrode a major portion of the catalyst is not used for electrochemical reaction. For electric vehicles especially, costs must be minimized. The thickness of the electrocatalyst layer is variable in the new method. At the active cell surface which contacts fresh, hot reagent gas, lower catalyst powder and/or precious metal concentrations are required. In regions of lower flow, higher concentrations are required. The result is more uniform distribution of reaction rate over all regions.
(DE19956735-A1)   NOVELTY - Diode structure has a p-conducting layer consisting of a chalcopyrite compound and an n-conducting layer made of a compound containing titanium and oxygen bordering the p-conducting layer.    USE - Used in thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The structure has high efficiency.
(DE19958404-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-stage unit for selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a stream of hydrogen (H2)-rich gas mixture, in which each stage has CO oxidation zone(s), can be cooled and can be supplied with oxidant on the inlet side, has not less than 3 cooled CO oxidation stages. The first two have a common cooling cycle; and the third has an independent cooler and is a combination reactor, in which the cooler is used for reforming a H2-rich medium.    USE - The unit is especially useful for removing CO from H2-rich reformate from a mobile gas generator in fuel cell-operated vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit allows optimum utilization of the thermal energy in the system, e.g. in the vaporizer and/or reformer, and is suitable for dynamic installation. The individual stages are very compact and hence can be installed cost-effectively.    (US2001005498-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-stage unit for selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a stream of hydrogen (H2)-rich gas mixture, in which each stage has CO oxidation zone(s), can be cooled and can be supplied with oxidant on the inlet side, has not less than 3 cooled CO oxidation stages. The first two have a common cooling cycle; and the third has an independent cooler and is a combination reactor, in which the cooler is used for reforming a H2-rich medium.    USE - The unit is especially useful for removing CO from H2-rich reformate from a mobile gas generator in fuel cell-operated vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit allows optimum utilization of the thermal energy in the system, e.g. in the vaporizer and/or reformer, and is suitable for dynamic installation. The individual stages are very compact and hence can be installed cost-effectively.
(DE19962947-A1)   NOVELTY - Container (G) for receiving a carbon- and hydrogen-containing fluid (B) comprises an inlet (E) and an outlet (A) for the fluid with an admission device (D) for cleaning the fluid arranged between the inlet and the outlet.    USE - For supplying a fuel cell system with an operating agent in a tank of a vehicle, for purifying methanol and for purifying dimethylether (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Impurities can be easily removed from the fluid.    (JP2001185188-A)   NOVELTY - Container (G) for receiving a carbon- and hydrogen-containing fluid (B) comprises an inlet (E) and an outlet (A) for the fluid with an admission device (D) for cleaning the fluid arranged between the inlet and the outlet.    USE - For supplying a fuel cell system with an operating agent in a tank of a vehicle, for purifying methanol and for purifying dimethylether (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Impurities can be easily removed from the fluid.
(DE19960674-A1)   NOVELTY - Substrate-supported electrode-electrolyte unit comprises a porous electrode (6) applied to a substrate (5) and a solid electrolyte layer (7) applied to the electrode. A voltage equalizing layer (8) permeable to a liquid fuel or oxidant is applied on the side of the substrate facing away from the electrolyte layer. The voltage equalizing layer and the electrolyte layer have the same thermal expansion and shrinking behavior in the temperature region necessary for the manufacture and operation of the electrode-electrolyte unit.    USE - Used in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Structure changes do not occur with changes in temperature.
(JP2001200159-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen storage composite molding contains a hydrogen storage material and a silicon resin.    USE - The molding can be used in hydrogen supply sources of fuel cells and in hydrogen vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The composite molding is free from pulverizing or collapse even after carrying out absorption and release repeatedly for a long period of time, and has good heat resistance, formability and processability.
(JP2001118592-A)   NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has an electrolyte-electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of porous electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies fuel gas to one of the porous electrodes, and a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies oxidizing gas to the other electrode.    USE - None given..    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved quality and reduced cost. The problem of the gas seal is solved easily and simply and safely.
(JP2001185244-A)   NOVELTY - Dye sensitizing solar cell (1) comprises a substrate (2) with conductive surface; a second transparent substrate (3) on which a conductive layer (4) is formed; a semiconductor layer with dye adsorbed on it; a glass frit (7) to seal peripheral edges of the substrates; and a redox electrolyte filled between first and second substrates.    USE - For solar cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has excellent durability and safety.
(EP1113096-A1)   NOVELTY - A crystal sheet is produced by bringing a main surface of a cooled plate into contact with a melt, and moving the main surface of the plate away from the melt, to solidify and grow a crystal sheet on the main surface, and removing the crystal sheet from the plate after guiding the plate out from a heating chamber.    USE - Production of a silicon substrate for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The crystal sheet is free from warpage and can be produced with high quality. the crystal sheet can be readily removed from the plate
(DE19955929-A1)   NOVELTY - An autothermal reaction is initiated in a primary zone between the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing fluid to heat the reformer to the required temperature, followed by an injection of water. A reforming process is then effected in a secondary zone in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - The system can be used for the generation of gas for fuel cells, possible for use in automobiles to generate electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The automatic reformer, once initiated, rapidly attains the required temperature, and minimizes the production of undesirable by-products such as soot.
(WO200128023-A2)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell (1) comprises a proton-conducting polymer membrane made of a vulcanized halogenated rubber mixture as electrolyte; catalyst layers (3) covering both sides of the membrane; gas-permeable anode (4) and cathode (5) lying on the surface of the catalyst layers that face outwards; electrically conducting plates (6) and gas connections for the supply of hydrogen on one side and oxygen on the other side.    USE - For energy production.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has high efficiency.
(DE10065226-A1)   NOVELTY - Depositing metal having high corrosion resistance and low contact resistance against carbon on a separator for a fuel cell, comprises: projecting a solid plating material of core particles having higher hardness than the separator, and coated with high corrosion resistant metal having low contact resistance against carbon, to compulsorily deposit metal coated on the solid plating material to the separator.    USE - For treating fuel cell separators.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces separator costs and weight by reducing thickness.
(JP2001149779-A)   NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises platinum supported on an aluminum oxide hydrate carrier.    USE - For selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high selectivity.
(JP2001180907-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (EP1110907-A1)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (JP2001199707-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (JP2001220109-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.
(WO200145190-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell power plant that includes a fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly which is positioned between an anode support plate and a cathode support plate, and porous water transport plates adjacent the anode and cathode support plate.    USE - Fuel cells having current densities of about 1.6 A m-2 are achieved with air stoichiometries of less than 2.50.    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the interdigitated flow channels into the porous water transport plates and operating the fuel cell at a pressure differential allows the coolant water to saturate the water transport plates forcing the reactant gases into the anode and cathode support plate. This increases the mass transfer of the gases into the support plates, thereby increasing the electrical performance of the fuel cell.    (WO200145191-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell power plant that includes a fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly which is positioned between an anode support plate and a cathode support plate, and porous water transport plates adjacent the anode and cathode support plate.    USE - Fuel cells having current densities of about 1.6 A m-2 are achieved with air stoichiometries of less than 2.50.    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the interdigitated flow channels into the porous water transport plates and operating the fuel cell at a pressure differential allows the coolant water to saturate the water transport plates forcing the reactant gases into the anode and cathode support plate. This increases the mass transfer of the gases into the support plates, thereby increasing the electrical performance of the fuel cell.
(CN1283874-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.    (JP2001026500-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.    (JP2001111081-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.
(JP2001210348-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell device (1) comprises water supply unit (40) to spray liquid water on surface of air electrode (AE) (11) of fuel cell main body (10) and on wall surface of connector plate facing AE, air supply unit (30) to supply process air to AE, air and water supply controllers to control amount of process air and liquid water supplied. The supply controllers are controlled independently to each other.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Miniaturization of fuel cell device is attained. The time required for start-up of fuel cell device is shortened. The amount of air and water exiting the fuel cell device are minimized and hence, size and capacity of condenser are reduced. The power consumption by auxiliary equipment is minimized. Wasteful supply of air and water are prevented, since air and water supply are independently controlled.
(JP2001081220-A)   NOVELTY - Composite polymer membrane in which a polyaniline-containing polymer membrane is formed on a surface of an acidic group-containing polymer membrane.    USE - The membrane is used for solid polymer electrolyte for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte membrane is excellent in proton conductivity and methanol barrier property.
(JP2001076741-A)   NOVELTY - A set of molding dies comprises a die base (1) having a surface (1a) with predetermined surface roughness; and a plate (2) disposed in intimate contact with the surface. The plate has a predetermined uniform thickness with through-holes (2a).    USE - For fuel-cell separator.    ADVANTAGE - The protuberances formed by the through-holes have constant height and constant flatness. They are readily released from the through-holes during the removal of the fuel-cell separator, thus facilitating a releasing operation.
(JP2001146407-A)   NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide purification apparatus comprises a feeding device (1) for feeding hydrogen gas, a catalyst reaction device (2) having a catalyst body (2a) supporting a platinum type catalyst, an induction device (3) to introduce hydrogen gas containing the carbon monoxide and an oxygen gas feeding device to feed oxygen into the catalyst reaction device.    USE - Used in the purification of carbon monoxide in low temperature fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus recovers catalysts activities reduced by carbon monoxide, has good work safety and reduces stability of carbon monoxide in hydrogen.
(JP2001114750-A)   NOVELTY - Producing perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate derivatives (II) comprises thermally decomposing compounds (I) containing alkali or alkaline earth metals in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - The perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate derivatives are for use for producing fluoro-ionomers which are for use for electrolysis of NaCl. The ionomer is expected to be for use for chemical sensors, separation films, polymer strong acidic catalysts, proton transporting polymer electrolyte of fuel cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The process is very efficient and prevents the production of byproducts.
(DE19951936-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of a membrane with a catalytically active layer comprises forming a paste of a nonpolar solvent, a catalytically active material and a polymer solution, applying as a layer to a polymer membrane and pressing whilst heating.    USE - For low temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The number of steps is minimized and the product quality is high.
(JP2001129401-A)   NOVELTY - Catalyst for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in gases containing hydrogen (H2) consists of ruthenium (Ru) on a hydrated alumina support.    USE - The catalyst, catalyst-coated construction and process are used for removing carbon monoxide from gases containing hydrogen, especially in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system (all claimed). The fuel cell system is suitable for use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells have a high power density, can operate at low temperature and produce little harmful waste gas. Most use gases enriched in H2, which are obtained by reforming a fuel, e.g. an alcohol or hydrocarbon. However, at concentrations of over 100 ppm, CO poisons the platinum in the alloy in the anode electrode catalyst, causing strong polarization and hence reduced power. The present selective oxidation can reduce the CO content to at most 100 ppm and can use a simple and small reactor.
(JP2001123091-A)   NOVELTY - Furnace black (I) has a hydrogen (H) content of over 4000 ppm, determined by CHN analysis, and peak integral ratio less than 1.22, determined by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) of unconjugated H atoms (1250-2000 cm-1) to aromatic and graphitic H atoms (1000-1250 cm-1 and 750-1000 cm-1).    USE - Furnace black (I) is used for producing electrocatalysts (claimed), which are useful in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Injection of the liquid (oil) and gas at the same point, rather than at different points, gives carbon black with higher activity when used as carrier for electrocatalysts in fuel cells.
(JP2001148254-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is operated by providing a reformate gas having a carbon monoxide content, and subjecting the carbon monoxide to an oxidation reaction with oxygen to produce a feed stream for the fuel cell. A series of pulses of oxygen-containing gas are generated and injected into the reformate gas, while the pulse duration and/or interval between pulses is varied.    USE - For existing fuel cell systems and process controllers.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances oxidation of CO to carbon dioxide, while minimizing excessive oxidation of hydrogen to hydrogen oxide. The method thus, enhances operation of the fuel cell system.
(WO200123302-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned synthetic gas comprises carrying out pyrolysis and/or vapor reforming of a carbon-containing material in the presence of an exothermic CO2-binding adsorber material so that carbon dioxide formed is removed from the product gas produced completely or controlled partially by the adsorber material, and regenerating the adsorber material periodically using a thermal desorption reaction with the release of CO2.    USE - For a fuel cell system in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    (DE19946381-C2)   NOVELTY - Production of a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned synthetic gas comprises carrying out pyrolysis and/or vapor reforming of a carbon-containing material in the presence of an exothermic CO2-binding adsorber material so that carbon dioxide formed is removed from the product gas produced completely or controlled partially by the adsorber material, and regenerating the adsorber material periodically using a thermal desorption reaction with the release of CO2.    USE - For a fuel cell system in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.
(JP2001111080-A)   NOVELTY - Production of a semiconductor component comprises forming a first semiconductor layer (4) on a substrate (1); producing a second semiconductor layer on the first semiconductor layer; and removing the second semiconductor layer with predetermined pattern by laser abrasion until the first layer is exposed to form an electrode pattern.    USE - Used in the production of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and energy consumption is low.
(EP1119066-A2)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for treating a medium in a fuel cell system comprises a reactor (1) with a catalyst-containing region between a first partial chamber (2) of the reactor and a second partial chamber (3) of the reactor. The catalyst-containing region is arranged in the flow path of the medium. The first partial chamber is surrounded by the second partial chamber. The catalyst-containing region is arranged between the first inner partial chamber and the second outer partial chamber. The boundary wall (6) is formed by a fleece provided with a catalyst material.    USE - Used in the catalytic burner for cleaning exhaust gases, in a CO oxidation stage for the selective CO removal in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture stream, in a reformer for reforming a hydrogen-containing medium (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is compact, space-saving and simple.
(JP2001076740-A)   NOVELTY - At least one of the first separator and the second separator comprises a metal base material and a conductive resin layer provided on the metal base material and contacting to the electrolyte-electrode assembly. The conductive resin layer comprises a resin having water repelling and basic groups and conductive particulate material.    USE - The fuel cell is used as a generator for domestic co-generator systems and moving bodies.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive separator has a strong corrosion resistance against long-time exposure to high humidity gas and contact resistance with the electrolyte-electrode assembly is not increased. Manufacture costs are reduced.
(DE19944186-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for heating and reaction at least one medium, especially vaporizer, reactor and/or heat exchanger with stacked layers of compressed catalyst material, has means of dividing the stack into a number of functional zones.    USE - For gas generating systems for fuel cell systems containing various components operating at different temperature levels and in a given sequence, especially in mobile systems, such as fuel cell vehicles, e.g. for hydrogen generation from methanol and water.    ADVANTAGE - The stack has a high degree of integration and the low total mass of the hot zone reduces the energy needed for cold starting. The compact form of the hot zone facilitates thermal insulation.
(WO200120700-A2)   NOVELTY - Ion-conducting polymer membrane for a fuel cell is made of a fluorinated hydrocarbon with an additional metal-containing gel hydrolyzed and/or condensed from metal alkoxide starting material which is embedded in the polymer and/or chemically bound with the polymer. The metal alkoxide content is 10-1%.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has high mechanical stability.
(DE10044407-A1)   NOVELTY - Operating a fuel cell (10) having an anode passage comprises: collecting purged hydrogen from the anode passage (16); directing the hydrogen to a hydrogen storage media (30); and purging the media of hydrogen to enable additional hydrogen to be stored by the media.    USE - For operating fuel cell vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Purged hydrogen is stored to a hydrogen trap at park or slow speed conditions and vented at higher speeds.
(JP2001160407-A)   NOVELTY - Proton conducting polymer comprises a polyaniline.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte membrane material for fuel cells e.g. direct methanol type fuel cell. The electrodes containing the polymers and fine catalyst particles on the porous particles are used as electrodes of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has excellent proton conductivity, methanol barrier property and dopant stability in aqueous solutions of methanol. The electrodes are high in catalyst activity.
(EP1118594-A2)   NOVELTY - Alkali-free alumino-borosilicate glass contains (in wt.%) 58-65 SiO2, 6-11.5 B2O3, 14-25 Al2O3, 4-8 MgO, 0-8 CaO, 2.6-4 SrO, 0-0.5 BaO, 3 SrO + BaO and 0-2 ZnO. The glass has a thermal expansion coefficient alpha(20/300) of 2.8-3.8 x 10 power minus 6/K.    USE - Used as substrate glass in displays and in thin layer photovoltaics (claimed), especially in thin film transistor (TFT) displays and thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The glass has high temperature resistance.    (JP2001220173-A)   NOVELTY - Alkali-free alumino-borosilicate glass contains (in wt.%) 58-65 SiO2, 6-11.5 B2O3, 14-25 Al2O3, 4-8 MgO, 0-8 CaO, 2.6-4 SrO, 0-0.5 BaO, 3 SrO + BaO and 0-2 ZnO. The glass has a thermal expansion coefficient alpha(20/300) of 2.8-3.8 x 10 power minus 6/K.    USE - Used as substrate glass in displays and in thin layer photovoltaics (claimed), especially in thin film transistor (TFT) displays and thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The glass has high temperature resistance.
(JP2001189160-A)   NOVELTY - A carbonaceous composite material is molded from a composite compound consisting of graphite, thermosetting resin, and fibrous base material (5). The fibrous base material is oriented in the composite material.    USE - For molding a carbonaceous material that is used in the production of a fuel cell separator and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process is efficient. The material is superior in strength and resistance, and immune to warpage.
(DE19962896-A1)   NOVELTY - Process for treating semiconductors comprises depositing a material onto the semiconductor by low pressure CVD and passivating by introducing a hydrogen plasma induced away from a partially induced solar cell.    USE - In the production of a photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process is efficient.
(DE19947755-A1)   NOVELTY - An autothermal reforming reactor comprises an endothermic reaction zone for the reforming reaction; an exothermic reaction zone, in which energy for the reforming reaction is released; and a quenching zone connected to the reaction zones for quench cooling the reactor gas stream by adding a liquid.    USE - For operating fuel cells having polymer membranes by reforming liquid hydrocarbons such as gasoline or diesel.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature distribution is optimized.
(NL1012961-C2)   NOVELTY - Production of semiconductor device having a pattern of highly doped regions located some distance apart in a semiconductor substrate and regions of low doping between highly doped regions, involves applying a diffusion barrier material, before the diffusion step, at the location of regions of low doping by imprinting with the barrier material in the pattern of low doping regions.    USE - The method is used for producing semiconductor device, e.g. solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Regions of high and low doping can be applied efficiently in accurately determined positions on the substrate. The doping concentrations in the regions of low doping and in the highly doped regions can be freely adjusted independently of one another so that a relatively low surface resistance can be obtained for the highly doped regions to give good conducting contact with the metalization and a high surface resistance can be achieved in the regions of low doping. Single screen printing and drying steps can suffice.
(JP2001110435-A)   NOVELTY - A solid oxide fuel cell having a closed end and an open end operates in a fuel cell generator where the fuel cell open end of each fuel cell contains a sleeve which extends beyond the open end of the fuel cell to prevent degradation of the interior air electrode of the fuel cell by fuel gas during operation of the generator.    USE - Open end protection for solid oxide fuel cells.
(US6242118-B1)   NOVELTY - Removing contaminants from a coolant supply (126) of a fuel cell power plant (100) comprises flowing oxidant through the oxidant manifold (108), exhausting coolant from the electrically integrated assemblies of the plant and exposing exhausted coolant to the oxidant within the oxidant manifold.    USE - To remove contaminants from coolant while reducing overall size and complexity of the plant.
(JP2001164244-A)   NOVELTY - Coolant contains a base including water and a rust preventative which keeps the conductivity of the coolant low and the hydrogen ion exponent of the coolant at approximately neutral.    USE - The coolant is used in fuel cell coolant circuits.    ADVANTAGE - The coolant for fuel cells has low conductivity, rust prevention properties, high heat transmission properties and ice-free properties.
(DE19947312-A1)   NOVELTY - Process for reforming hydrogen from an energy carrier and air in a reformer comprises introducing the energy carrier and the air together as a mixture together as a mixture to the reformer.    USE - Used as the drive system of a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The system is safe and easy to operate.
(JP2001080906-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generating device for generating hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen and steam, has a fuel reformer (5) in which catalyst (27) is provided which shows activity for partial oxidation of the fuel. A partial oxidation reaction is generated on the catalyst (27) and fuel, oxygen and steam are supplied to the reformer (5) to effect an aqueous gas shift reaction using CO produced in the partial oxidation reaction as a reaction material.    USE - Used to generate hydrogen for use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is good as a modifier for a fuel cell since it reduces the external heat required and lowers the CO concentration in the resultant modified gas. The reformer can use the exhaust gas from an oxygen electrode of a fuel cell as oxygen and steam source.    (JP2001085039-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generating device for generating hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen and steam, has a fuel reformer (5) in which catalyst (27) is provided which shows activity for partial oxidation of the fuel. A partial oxidation reaction is generated on the catalyst (27) and fuel, oxygen and steam are supplied to the reformer (5) to effect an aqueous gas shift reaction using CO produced in the partial oxidation reaction as a reaction material.    USE - Used to generate hydrogen for use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is good as a modifier for a fuel cell since it reduces the external heat required and lowers the CO concentration in the resultant modified gas. The reformer can use the exhaust gas from an oxygen electrode of a fuel cell as oxygen and steam source.
(JP2001160540-A)   NOVELTY - Producing a semiconductor substrate comprises growing a first silicon layer on a substrate by liquid-phase growth at lower than 750 degrees C and growing a second silicon layer by liquid-phase growth at not lower than 750 degrees C.    USE - For producing a semiconductor substrate for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Grows a semiconductor layer with extremely few defects even if a substrate contains pollutants or oxygen.    (CN1290959-A)   NOVELTY - Producing a semiconductor substrate comprises growing a first silicon layer on a substrate by liquid-phase growth at lower than 750 degrees C and growing a second silicon layer by liquid-phase growth at not lower than 750 degrees C.    USE - For producing a semiconductor substrate for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Grows a semiconductor layer with extremely few defects even if a substrate contains pollutants or oxygen.
(DE19944540-A1)   NOVELTY - A reactor system (1) for reacting a hydrocarbon (derivative) has a reaction chamber (2) containing catalyst, which can be supplied with an educt stream (3) through an inlet (9). There is an electric heater (4) for the catalyst and educt stream, which can be used at least during a start-up phase. The heater is flat and at a level (partly) covering the inlet.    USE - The reactor is useful for reacting a hydrocarbon (derivative) (claimed), e.g. hydrogen generation by reforming methanol or a hydrocarbon, for use in fuel cells for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The system has good cold-start quality.
(DE19944185-A1)   NOVELTY - An apparatus for carrying out reactions with heterogeneous catalysis by forcing a suitable reaction mixture under a pressure drop through a stack (20) of thin, compressed catalyst layers (10, 10') of large surface area. The layers have educt and product ducts (12, 16), end plates, with feed and/or discharge pipe(s) connected to ducts, and an edge seal (20) at the edge or on the surface running across the direction of the stack of each layer.    USE - For e.g. the generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbons or alcohol, especially by reforming methanol, or for converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the hydrogen shift reaction.    ADVANTAGE - Weight and cost are reduced.
(JP2001093537-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator comprises a conductive material and a resin. At least part of the conductive material is a powdered material made by pulverizing waste of fuel cell separator containing a conductive material and a resin.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows easy recycling of the waste of fuel cell separators having a conductive material and a resin, decreases the industrial waste involving fuel cell separators so improving environmental conditions and saving natural resources, and provides fuel cell separators of uniform and high quality.
NOVELTY - Fabrication comprises supporting a semiconductor layer (101) through a separation layer (103) on a substrate by a support member (106), holding the substrate and applying a pulling force to the support member to mechanically break the separation layer to form a thin film semiconductor. The pulling force is applied such that separation is initiated from an area other then the edge of the substrate.    USE - Solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - A thin film epitaxial layer can be provided with good characteristics in a good yield allowing repetitive use of the substrate.    (JP2001007362-A)   NOVELTY - Fabrication comprises supporting a semiconductor layer (101) through a separation layer (103) on a substrate by a support member (106), holding the substrate and applying a pulling force to the support member to mechanically break the separation layer to form a thin film semiconductor. The pulling force is applied such that separation is initiated from an area other then the edge of the substrate.    USE - Solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - A thin film epitaxial layer can be provided with good characteristics in a good yield allowing repetitive use of the substrate.
(FR2799308-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar collector has heat and charge collection contacts extending partially into its main structure and with non-conductive open structures for reactant gas flow homogenization.    USE - Especially as a bipolar collector of a PEM fuel cell e.g. for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The collector design provides a compromise between minimal ohmic drop, reduced weight, good heat exchange and simplified manufacture.
(US2001016283-A1)   NOVELTY - A carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage stores hydrogen in the form of protons.    USE - Used as a material for hydrogen storage for use in fuel cells and alkaline secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen can be reversibly occluded and released for use in various cells. The material is manufactured cheaply and safely.
(JP2001068138-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen supply system for fuel cell comprises: a fuel chamber for storing a liquid fuel which includes a hydrogen containing organic compound; a dehydrogenation apparatus for dehydrogenating the fuel to form hydrogen gas and a by-product; a gas-liquid separation apparatus for separating hydrogen gas from the by-product; and a recovery chamber for recovering and storing the by-product.    USE - Fuel cell system is used in vehicles, household appliances, and ship and land equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen supply system is relatively small, can supply pure hydrogen to the fuel cell, and discharges almost no carbon dioxide gas.
(DE19935180-C2)   NOVELTY - Method for determining a measured quantity comprises coating a solar cell with an indicator (I) whose fluorescence behavior and/or spectral transmission is dependent on the measured quantity and impacting the coated solar cell with the measured quantity in the presence of natural or artificial light.    USE - The method can be used to determine a physical or chemical influence, especially pH, pressure, temperature or humidity, or to determine to presence and/or concentration of a gaseous, liquid or solid substance, especially oxygen, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, metal (e.g. mercury) ions or ozone, in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, environmental technology or analysis, e.g. blood analysis.    ADVANTAGE - No electricity supply or special light source is required.
(WO200109414-A1)   NOVELTY - Hollow fibres with an internal diameter of 10 nm to 50 micron and an outer wall made from metal-containing inorganic compounds, polymers and/or metals are new.    USE - The hollow fibres are useful for the separation or storage of gases, liquids and suspensions, in dialysis, as synthetic lungs, for protein storage or as controlled release, drug delivery or medical separation systems. They are also useful in cell technology for the uptake of cytoplasmic components and for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Further, the fibres can be used as sensor components and as microreactors as well as in microelectronics as wire, cable or capacitators, in super-light construction technology as binders, fillers, strengtheners, heat isolators or cladding agents, in fuel cells, batteries and electrochemical reactions, in capillary electrophoresis, scanning microscopy and catalytic systems and as a dielectric.    ADVANTAGE - The fibres are mechanically and chemically stable and, compared with prior art fibres, can be produced precisely from the widest variety of materials.
(DE19945667-A1)   NOVELTY - In a fuel cell with a reformer containing a reformer chamber and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) containing an anode chamber and anodic electrode coating, a second reformer catalyst layer is connected to the anodic electrode coating of the MEA.    USE - The product is a dual-purpose fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), which use a mixture of methanol and water as fuel, can operate from -50 degrees C to 400 degrees C but have a lower power density than those using pure hydrogen. Placing a second catalyst layer inside the anode reaction chamber ensures that the heat of the anode is used for reforming and the anode is cooled by the endothermic reforming reaction. This corresponds to a cell with internal reformer and allows the cell to operate as DMFC, especially for cold starts, and as hydrogen fuel cell at higher temperature and/or pressure.
(DE19945715-A1)   NOVELTY - In a fuel cell plant having a stack of fuel cells, feed pipes for process medium, electrical connections and a vaporizer, there is at least one pipe allowing the heat from (part of) the fuel cell stack to be used in other equipment.    USE - The plant is useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Using the (waste) heat increases the degree of efficiency.
(DE19935181-A1)   NOVELTY - Method for protecting a substrate which has been treated by vacuum technology comprises coating the treated surface with an organic monomer.    USE - In semiconductor and solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - The protective coating is easy to apply and remove.
(JP2001085037-A)   NOVELTY - A method of restoring a polymer electrolyte fuel battery comprises working the battery in a mode having a current 1.5 fold or more than the usual working conditions or at a single battery output voltage of 0.2 V or lower. The battery comprises a cathode and an anode sandwiching an H ion conductive polymer electrolyte film. The main body of the battery is formed by laminating battery units comprising the cathodes and anodes each having oxidation gas or fuel gas supplying and discharging circuits sandwiched between conductive separators. The battery also comprises a means for discharging the fuel and oxidation gases and a means for controlling the outletting the electricity generated by the main battery body.    USE - The method is used for restoring battering for co-generation systems or mobile objects.    ADVANTAGE - The method has high efficiency.
(JP2001035510-A)   NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell contains, as an electrolyte, a cation exchange film which comprises a pefluorocarbon polymer having a sulfonic acid group and which is subjected to stretching so as to attains an area increase of 5 - 100 %.    USE - The fuel cell is suitable for use as the electricity supply for cars, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The cation exchange film is free from wrinkles caused by elongation even when used under high humidity conditions, and hence the cell gas a high output and excellent durability.
(JP2001057217-A)   NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte cell comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (1) interposed between anode and cathode. Each anode and cathode comprises a catalyst layer (2) which is in contact with the membrane. A water repellent layer (4) (WRL) is interposed between the catalyst layer (CL) and electrode supporting material (3) (ESM). The through-holes (5) present in the WRL electrically connects the CL and ESM.    USE - For portable power sources, distributed power sources and cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The water repellency of the electrode is improved, since a water repellent layer is provided between the catalyst layer and electrode supporting layer. Thus, the water formed in the catalyst layer is confined in the catalyst layer. Therefore even if the dry gas with relatively low humidity is supplied to the electrode, the deterioration in performance of the electrolyte in the electrolyte membrane and catalyst layer due to drying is suppressed. Polymer electrolyte cell with high performance, is provided.
(US6209494-B1)   NOVELTY - Generation of power involves totally pyrolyzing a hydrocarbonaceous feed in a reactor to form a first gaseous stream (A) containing hydrogen and a totally dehydrogenated fuel stream.    USE - For producing mechanical power and a hybrid power generation unit.
(JP2001023664-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell apparatus is operated by measuring voltage across entire fuel cell stack and a second cluster of fuel cells and creating a pseudo cluster voltage for the second cluster based on the average cell voltage of all the cells in the stack, the actual voltage across the second cluster and the difference between the number of cells in the first clusters and in the second cluster.    USE - For operating a fuel cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables the cells of a fuel cell stack to be monitored in clusters containing a small number of cells in each cluster. This avoids the necessity of designing a new monitoring control program or circuit just for the clusters containing a different number of cells. Further, the invention enables a fuel cell stack to be devised with any number of cells to meet particular application requirements without the necessity of adding or eliminating individual fuel cells just for monitoring purposes.
(DE10019807-A1)   NOVELTY - The oxide film contains dopant element formed by supplying silicon compound dopant to the silicon substrate surface in gaseous state and is heat-treated at predetermined temperature. The density of dopant element is high towards surface of substrate.    USE - For crystal system silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Forms anti-reflective coating on outermost surface and has high refractive index.
(DE10021945-A1)   NOVELTY - When kick down operation of accelerator pedal is detected, the electric power allocated to motor is increased, so as to increase power supplied for starting fuel modification system containing fuel reformer and air supply unit.    USE - For fuel cell of hybrid vehicle, motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As electric power allocated to motor is increased, when the kick down operation of accelerator pedal is detected, running performance required during starting of fuel modification system is obtained easily and efficiently.
(DE19943248-A1)   NOVELTY - The water requirement of the reforming reaction and/or the water economy of the fuel cell system is directly coupled to an oxidation rate of a partial combustion of the water-containing medium or media mixture in an oxidation unit (6) upstream of the reforming reactor.    USE - For operating fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The water recovery is improved.
(JP2001046872-A)   NOVELTY - A methanol reforming catalyst comprises an oxide containing copper, zinc and aluminum.    USE - For reforming methanol (claimed) for the generation of hydrogen used as a fuel gas for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in a motor car.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst promotes both steam reforming reaction and partial oxidation reaction simultaneously, thereby enabling high methanol conversion rate and suppress the carbon monoxide formation. Since the steam reforming reaction is endothermic reaction and the partial oxidizing reaction is an exothermic reaction, the control of balance of heat amount is made possible. Usage of a hydrogen manufacturing apparatus with compact size and excellent in start-up performance is enabled. The catalyst enables manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas containing carbon monoxide in an amount less than 4%.
(US6274259-B1)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell power plant includes fine pore enthalpy exchange barrier (12) for mass transfer between oxidant and exhaust streams. The barrier includes a support matrix with hydrophilic pores with pore size about 0.1-100 microns. The barrier is chemically stable with liquid transfer so that when the pores are filled, the barrier has a bubble pressure greater than 0.014 kg/sq.cm.    USE - Fuel cell power plant for vehicles, portable of stationary power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The enthalpy exchange barrier enhances water balance and decreases volume and weight of the power plant without needing a condensing heat exchanger. The support matrix is chemically stable and operates with a liquid having substantial freezing point depression characteristic, allowing the power plant to operate through a wide temperature range. The mass and heat transfer device does not need to be preheated. The pore structure minimizes the possibility of liquid leaving the enthalpy exchange barrier.
(JP2001060712-A)   NOVELTY - A material for a solar cell interconnector material for a solar cell interconnector comprises Ag in which is dispersed MgO or MgO and NiO. Preferably, the weight ratio of Ag to MgO or MgO and NiO satisfies the composition 0.03-3.3 wt.% MgO and balance Ag, or the composition: 0.01-1.7 wt.% MgO, 0.02-1.3 wt.% NiO and balance Ag.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The above material is markedly advantageous over a conventional material for a solar cell interconnector in that the product made therefrom has higher resistance to heat energy, i.e., it does not soften by heat and exhibits higher mechanical strength.
(JP2001009961-A)   NOVELTY - A carbonaceous complex structure comprises a layered set of a substrate, a carbonaceous thin film and a fullerene thin film.    USE - The structure is used in solar cells and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesion between neighboring layers is improved so that the structure exhibits superior durability. Charge separation by photo absorption can occur so that donor-acceptor heterojunctions are formed.
(JP2001148252-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell includes communication holes, gas flow passages, cooling medium flow passages, and connecting flow passages. The holes penetrate through outer circumferential edge portions of separator, and allow a fuel gas or oxygen-containing gas to flow. The cooling medium flow passages supply a cooling medium for cooling an electrode power-generating surface.    USE - Useful as thin-walled fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell ensures the sealing performance with a simple structure, and ensures desired power generation performance. It greatly reduces pressure loss and can easily perform high current density operation.
(JP2001023658-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel is converted to a gaseous product stream, including hydrogen for use in fuel cell stack, by positioning a catalytic reactor under a heater with its discharge end connected with an inlet of the reactor, recirculating the gases through the heater and the reactor, heating the gases in the heater, and monitoring a temperature of the gases between the discharged end of the heater and the inlet of the reactor.    USE - For converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a gaseous product stream including hydrogen for use in a fuel cell or power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides an indication of significant failure, e.g. cracked welds, leaks, and catalyst bed problems, by its measurement of temperature and rate-of-change of temperature. It also protects the catalyst beds that are very temperature sensitive, as well as key system components, thus making it a very cost-effective approach to diagnose overall system problems.
(JP2001032162-A)   NOVELTY - The non-woven fiber web comprises first amorphous silica fibers orientated in the x, y, and optionally z-direction and optionally bonded with binder substance(s). Continuous strand(s) is/are embedded within the non-woven fiber web. Each strand contains second amorphous silica fiber(s).    USE - The web is useful in an ion-conducting membrane used in a catalyst coated membrane and a membrane electrode assembly which are useful in a fuel cell (claimed). It can also be used in metal-air batteries, electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical reactors for the electrosynthesis of useful chemical compounds and separator mats for batteries. Non-electrochemical applications of non-woven fiber web includes composite materials for cryogenic insulation; composite reinforcement in areas, e.g. plastics, cements, printed circuit boards, and sports goods; for insulation purposes, military applications, automotive structural components, brakes, gaskets, and transmission units; and for filtration applications.    ADVANTAGE - Produces a membrane in high volumes and with high yields at low unit cost.
(DE19941711-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell partial system has a media-cooled cell (2) with an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. A common ventilator (5) is provided for introducing cooling medium (4) into the fuel cell and a condenser (3) is provided for condensing water from the cathode waste air.    USE - For thermally integrating into a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Pressure losses of the cooling medium are avoided.
(JP2001068127-A)   NOVELTY - The heat pump apparatus has at least one chemical heat pump (HP1) to heat a carrier fluid to a second temperature higher than that at which activation occurs; and a heat transfer apparatus (15,26,30) which transfers heat from the carrier fluid after heating to second temperature.    USE - For fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - High cooling efficiency of the fuel cell is attained. Effective usage of waste heat is achieved.
(JP2001007366-A)   NOVELTY - A fullerene polymer obtained by polymerizing a vapor-deposited film of fullerene molecules by irradiation with electromagnetic waves.    USE - The fullerene polymer is used in heterojunctions for solar cells and light emitting diodes.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells etc. have improved durability and physical and electronic properties. The fullerene polymer film undergoes hardly any changes even after one month, whereas a vapor-deposited fullerene film tends to lose its desirable characteristics in about one day.
(JP2001023678-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a water tank (19), a reformer (13), a fuel cell (29), a condenser (35), a waste gas temperature detector which measures the temperature of the waste gas from the condenser, and an operating pressure control device. This device calculates an equilibrium operating pressure of the fuel cell system, at which water flowing into and out of the system are in equilibrium.    USE - Vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The operational pressure of the fuel cell is controlled so that it does not need to be filled with water.
(DE10033944-A1)   NOVELTY - A solid fuel cell stack (10) comprises a first solid oxide fuel cell (12) with a cathode (32, 38), a second solid fuel cell (14) with an anode (30, 36), an interconnect (16) positioned between the cathode and the anode, and a porous substrate (18, 42, 43) for joining the interconnect to the anode and/or cathode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The stack achieves excellent power output and performance level. The fuel cells have high fuel efficiency, low emissions, and distributed generation options.    (JP2001035506-A)   NOVELTY - A solid fuel cell stack (10) comprises a first solid oxide fuel cell (12) with a cathode (32, 38), a second solid fuel cell (14) with an anode (30, 36), an interconnect (16) positioned between the cathode and the anode, and a porous substrate (18, 42, 43) for joining the interconnect to the anode and/or cathode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The stack achieves excellent power output and performance level. The fuel cells have high fuel efficiency, low emissions, and distributed generation options.
(JP2001085020-A)   NOVELTY - The electrocatalyst contains as carbon carrier carbon black having a hydrogen content of more than 4000 ppm, and platinum or multi-metallic doped or alloyed platinum as the catalytically active component.    USE - In the production of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has a high dispersion of metal particles on the carrier and a high activity in the electrochemical full cell test.
(JP2001032068-A)   NOVELTY - A thin metal oxide film is deposited by a magnetron sputtering apparatus having a mobile magnet (16) for creating a magnetic field that reciprocates across a film deposition region. The magnet reciprocates not more than twice in depositing a thin metal oxide film.    USE - The invention is used for depositing a thin metal oxide film. It can be used in making a thin-film solar battery of a large area including a thin metal oxide film deposited on a photoelectric conversion layer of semiconductor.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a high quality thin metal oxide film. It can enhance output characteristics of a thin film solar battery.
(WO200156941-A1)   NOVELTY - Aluminoborosilicate glass contains (in wt.%): more than 55-70 SiO2, 1-8 B2O3, 10-18 Al2O3, more than 1-5 Na2O, 0-4 K2O, more than 1-5 Na2O + K2O, 0-5 MgO, 3- less than 8 CaO, 0.1-8 SrO, 4.5-12 BaO, 10-25 MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO, 0-1.5 SnO2, 0-3 ZrO2, 0-2 TiO2 and 0-2 ZnO.    USE - Used as substrate glass in thin layer photovoltaic cells and for solar cells based on the compound semiconductor Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The glass is of high quality and is resistant to chemicals.
(NL1012823-C2)   NOVELTY - The current collector (8) of at least one of the cells is welded to the separator plate (5) which is made of steel containing 4-11 wt.% aluminum (Al).    USE - Used for fuel cells operating at high temperatures.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is made from relatively inexpensive material that is corrosion resistant.
(GB2352649-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel processor catalyst comprises a rare earth metal cobalt oxide having the perovskite crystal structure.    USE - For converting or reforming a hydrocarbon fuel into a simple fuel, e.g. hydrogen (claimed) for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Promotes fuel breakdown process; reduces the likelihood of the catalyst becoming clogged, especially when using a high C:H fuel, e.g. diesel; and prevents contaminants which might de-activate the catalyst, e.g. sulfur, becoming bonded to the surface coating. It is self-cleaning and offers a high catalytic activity.
(JP2001121584-A)   NOVELTY - A gasket has a gasket lip consisting of a liquid rubber hardened substance formed in one piece on the surface of a flat plate consisting of carbon, graphite, conductive resin such as conductive phenolic resin, ion exchange resin, or metal such as stainless steel and magnesium alloy, or in a groove formed in the above surface.    USE - Gasket for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Seal portion is thin. Assembling efficiency is improved. Deviation of position is prevented. Surface pressure is lowered and is uniform.
(GB2359924-A)   NOVELTY - An electrically conductive plate (3) is etched using particulate etchant, particulate etchant accelerator and particulate etchant resistant patterned mask. The etching is performed such that fluid flow pattern (5) determined by pattern design on mask (1) is formed on plate (3).    USE - The flow field plates are used in solid polymer fuel cells (SPFC), electrolyzers and batteries which contain fluid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - An effective and improved method for manufacture of electrochemical cell components such as flow field plate is provided. Low cost and rapid erosive etch allows formation of fluid flow patterns, fluid entry galleries and fluid exit galleries and sealing grooves.
(NL1011855-C2)   NOVELTY - A porous film of polymer (1) is contacted with an electrode which is immersed in a solution containing polymer (2) along with a counter electrode. Potential difference is applied across the electrodes such that polymer (2) moves towards the electrode and passes into the pores of polymer (1), to form a composite membrane.    USE - For production of composite membrane used in fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The formed composite membrane is gas-tight and has high strength. The process is easy and continuous. The pores of polymer film is filled completely. Generation of gas during the process is prevented.
(US6228338-B1)   NOVELTY - Synthesizing alpha-alane in a stabilized form.    USE - Used as rocket propellants, and as a hydrogen source in fuel cells and batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Provides alpha-alane as an energy dense fuel.
(JP2001060462-A)   NOVELTY - Sealing structure of cell tube (11) for fuel cell in which cell tube has unit cell film comprising fuel electrode and air electrodes formed by sintering. Solid electrolyte is between the two electrodes. An adhesion enhancing film (16) is coated on a sealed part of the cell tube.    USE - Sealing structure for cell tube of a tubular fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Increased surface roughness improves adhesion property, which improves sealing against gas leakage. The unit cell film and adhesion enhancing film are formed simultaneously in a single step sintering process which is more efficient than previous thermal spraying methods and results in more efficient usage of materials.
(JP2001068119-A)   NOVELTY - A polymeric electrolyte fuel cell comprises: (1) pair of electrodes; (2) polymer electrolytic membrane interposed between the electrodes; (3) first conductive separator having a channel for supplying an oxidant gas to one of the electrodes; (4) second conductive separator having channel for supplying a fuel gas to the other of the electrodes.    USE - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell with no specific use.    (CN1286505-A)   NOVELTY - A polymeric electrolyte fuel cell comprises: (1) pair of electrodes; (2) polymer electrolytic membrane interposed between the electrodes; (3) first conductive separator having a channel for supplying an oxidant gas to one of the electrodes; (4) second conductive separator having channel for supplying a fuel gas to the other of the electrodes.    USE - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell with no specific use.
(JP2001015142-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell vehicle is driven by: (a) supplying a fuel to a reformer that is provided with a hydrogen-permeable separation membrane for generating hydrogen; (b) supplying the generated hydrogen to the fuel cell; and (c) operating a drive unit by electric power obtained to run a vehicle.    USE - For driving a fuel cell vehicle such motorcycle, railway train, and other automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The method obtains efficiently a high purity hydrogen that can be supplied to a fuel cell.
(WO200117045-A2)   NOVELTY - Ceramic electrically conducting layer is made of cuprates, CuO/cuprate compounds or silver/cuprate compounds. The layer is formed by melting or partially melting at 800-1400 degrees C.    USE - Used between an interconnector and a cathode of a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The layer can be used in fuel cells operating at low temperatures.
(WO200109961-A2)   NOVELTY - A multilayer body thermal treatment apparatus comprises semi-transparent bodies (5, 12) located between electromagnetic radiation energy sources (7, 11) and the body layers (2, 4).    USE - For thermally treating a multilayer body, e.g. to form a thin film solar cell functional layer of copper-indium-gallium sulfide-selenide (CIGSSe) from copper, indium, gallium, sulfur and selenium layers on a molybdenum-coated glass substrate, optionally in the presence of a process gas.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent bodies allow individual and controlled heating of the layers to permit rapid heating rates of e.g. 1 degrees C/sec. while minimizing mechanical stresses and consequent distortion.
(JP2001044457-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes solar cells containing heavy-metal elements. The solar cells include a material capable of capturing heavy-metal elements, preferably at least one of a Chevrel compound and fiber glass. The fiber glass layer covers almost all the front and back sides of the solar cells and it is preferably bonded to the solar cells using plastic.    USE - None given.    (JP2001044458-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes solar cells containing heavy-metal elements. The solar cells include a material capable of capturing heavy-metal elements, preferably at least one of a Chevrel compound and fiber glass. The fiber glass layer covers almost all the front and back sides of the solar cells and it is preferably bonded to the solar cells using plastic.    USE - None given.
(DE19934940-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for producing rigid blocks has a crystallization chamber (1), a mold (6) with an opening (6a), mold walls and a base, a lid heater (13), a base heater (14) and a heat insulating device (9). The chamber is divided along a joint (4) into a stationary lower part (2) and a moving upper part (3). The base heater and the mold are arranged in the lower part, and the lid heater and the lid (12) are fixed to the upper part. The mold is exposed by moving the upper part on at least one periphery side.    USE - In the manufacture of silicon blocks used for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is simple and compact.
(KR2001009031-A)   NOVELTY - A biofuel cell comprises: (a) cathodic and anodic compartments containing the conductive medium in the interior of the cell; (b) an anode in the anodic compartment and cathode in the cathodic compartment; (c) an ion exchange membrane interposed between the compartments to divide the compartments.    USE - For purifying starch wastewater, a livestock and/or wastewater from septic tank (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - In the biofuel cell, a portion of reducing power generated when the electrochemically active microorganisms contained in the sludge are subjected to the energy metabolism with the substrate present in the water, is utilized for the production of biomass. At the same time the remaining portion of the reducing power is utilized to produce electric current for purifying the wastewater. The biofuel cell produces electrical energy up to 0.22 mA and purifies the wastewater by lowering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1900 - 55 parts per million (ppm). The efficiency of the biofuel cell can be varied depending on the kind and concentration of the wastewater.
(DE10021720-A1)   NOVELTY - Abnormality detector detects whether temperature between actual and required values of waste water combustor (15) deviates from predetermined values. A controller (21) regulates the combustion operation on sensing of abnormality condition. Required temperature is calculated based on waste water quantity consumed.    USE - For waste water combustor used for fuel cell in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Improves reliability of fuel cell by judging abnormal conditions and taking corrective action, as controller for this purpose is comprised.
(DE10021946-A1)   NOVELTY - Water quantity estimator calculates optimum quantity of water required for fuel cell, based on flow rate, pressure and temperature of compressed air measured by hydrometer (16), pressure sensor (17) and thermometer (18) respectively. The opening of valve (11a) is adjusted by controller (20) to supply optimum required quantity of water.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Precise measurement of temperature and pressure of compressed air is performed by thermometer and pressure sensor, and hence exact quantity of water to be supplied to fuel cell is estimated. Therefore water vapor of correct pressure is maintained in fuel cell and electricity generation efficiency is improved.
(JP3133301-B2)   NOVELTY - The ribbed current collectors (1,2) respectively contacting the gas porous electrodes (3,5) provide the gas passages. The solid polymeric membrane (4) allows only the passage of protons and not electrons. The rib array contact area R' and the nett electrode area E' on either side are related by the expression Rat least0.85E.    USE - Solid polymeric, proton exchange membrane based fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Is compact in size and has a larger power output density. Keeps contact resistances under control even while providing adequate electrode areas for electrochemical reactions.
(JP2000082475-A)   NOVELTY - The separator has a corrugated portion having varying thickness of 10% or more. The separator is molded from an expanded graphite plate so that the density difference of the expanded graphite between the corrugated portions is 30% or less.    USE - For use in batteries used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the separator is molded from expanded graphite such that the density difference of the expanded graphite between the corrugated portions having variable thickness is 30% or less, the distortion and warpage of the corrugated portion resulting from density difference is prevented. There is very small variation in the heat conduction characteristic, electric conduction characteristic and mechanical characteristics of the separator even when the separator has complicated shape or has large size. Since the fuel gas, oxidation gas passageways can be formed with very high precision, the dimensional accuracy of the entire separator is achieved. The separator made of graphite has outstanding electrical conductive capability and cooling capability. The expanded graphite casting of predetermined size and shape is manufactured accurately without generation of cracks or swelling etc.
(JP2001023661-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell (100) comprises hydrogen (134) and oxygen electrodes (136); and an electrolyte layer (132) inserted between the electrodes allowing the hydrogen ions to permeate. The electrolyte layer has first contact area with higher concentration contacting with the oxygen electrode while the other area is in contact with the hydrogen electrode.    USE - As cell of power source system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention enhances electromotive force and decreases the unit cell requirements to output the required voltage thus size and manufacturing cost of the whole power source system are reduced.
(JP2001196078-A)   NOVELTY - A sealing structure comprises a single cell (1), a separator (5, 6) on each side of the single cell, and a packing between the single cell and the separator. The packing (9, 10) constitutes a vulcanized or crosslinked rubber layer adhering to the periphery of the separator.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention ensures tight sealing and omits the rubber packing placement step. It provides a fuel separator that can be surely gas-sealed with ease. It possibly installs rubber packing with high integrity and durability which results to high working efficiency for the fuel cell. It produces thin rubber sealing without the risk of damaging the separator. The crosslinking of the rubber packings inhibits impurities, thus performance of the fuel cell is not deteriorated.
(JP2001032170-A)   NOVELTY - The fabric comprises metal fibres coated with an iron oxide layer. The fibres have a fibre diameter of 30 microns or less, a hollow cross-section and an oxygen content of 0.02-0.8 wt.%.    USE - Used for secondary battery positive plates, catalyst supports, filters, gasifying elements, car silencers, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The fabric is free from rusting, reduction in brazing quality and deterioration in bending performance.
(WO200077080-A1)   NOVELTY - A proton conductive polymer/ceramic particle composite or composite membrane, consisting of a polymer and oxide nanoparticles with intercalated water and high surface hydroxyl concentration, is new.    USE - In fuel cells (direct methanol, H2 and hydrocarbon fuel cells), batteries (especially secondary batteries), hot gas methane reforming for methanol or ethanol synthesis, hydrogen production from steam, electrochemical sensors e.g. for H2, CHx and NOx, medicine and electrocatalysis (claimed), as well as in gas sensors and hydrogen pumps in nuclear technology.    ADVANTAGE - The composite is suitable for use in medium to high temperature (above 100 degreesC) fuel cells and has satisfactory proton conductivity at up to 300 degreesC. Additionally, the composite exhibits H2O storage capability at up to 250-300 degreesC at atmospheric pressure (up to 500 degreesC at elevated pressure), H+ conduction via a water and hydroxyl containing interface structure at up to at least250 degreesC, targeted variation of local charge carrier binding strengths at various polar groups of the polymer framework and at the ceramic particle surfaces, easy deformability to produce shaped bodies and low water management servicing and regulation requirements during use at above 100 degreesC.
(JP2001043865-A)   NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an electrode catalyst dispersed in a cellular dispersion layer which forms a gas diffusion layer.    USE - As a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The design combines the catalyst and the gas diffusion layer to obtain improved gas permeability and electrical conductivity and provides a uniform distribution of the catalyst over the gas diffusion layer.    (GB2352868-A)   NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an electrode catalyst dispersed in a cellular dispersion layer which forms a gas diffusion layer.    USE - As a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The design combines the catalyst and the gas diffusion layer to obtain improved gas permeability and electrical conductivity and provides a uniform distribution of the catalyst over the gas diffusion layer.
(FR2795339-A1)   NOVELTY - The starting alcohol for the process can be obtained from a biomass origin and the waste products from the fuel cell are non-contaminating to the environment.    USE - The H2 produced by the reforming unit is used as an energy source for the fuel cell, which in turn can be used in vehicles with limited emission.    ADVANTAGE - The use of ethanol as the starting material is advantageous over methanol which is toxic and only obtainable from fossil fuel sources .A high yield of H2 is obtainable by the process of the invention.    (EP1109621-A1)   NOVELTY - The starting alcohol for the process can be obtained from a biomass origin and the waste products from the fuel cell are non-contaminating to the environment.    USE - The H2 produced by the reforming unit is used as an energy source for the fuel cell, which in turn can be used in vehicles with limited emission.    ADVANTAGE - The use of ethanol as the starting material is advantageous over methanol which is toxic and only obtainable from fossil fuel sources .A high yield of H2 is obtainable by the process of the invention.
(JP2001006708-A)   NOVELTY - The cell includes a solid polymer membrane (21) sandwiched between a cathode catalyst layer (22) and an anode catalyst layer (23). The cell is sandwiched by the two plates, the 1st plate (50) having fuel channels (55) and the 2nd plate (60) having oxidiser channels (65). The water permeability adjusting layer (24) faces the oxidiser channels. Its water permeability is set to be lower closer to the entrance of the oxidiser than the exit.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell generates electricity with stability and high performance by evenly moistening the solid polymer membrane.
(JP2001064007-A)   NOVELTY - Multicrystalline silicon (Si) uses gallium (Ga) as dopant.    USE - Solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells using the wafers show stable conversion efficiency to light energy without causing photodegradation.
(WO200077873-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises a cell with a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane that separates the anode chamber and the cathode chamber of the cell. The membrane is made of a thermoplastic polymer having a continuous use temperature of at least 100degrees C.    USE - Used as a polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A carbon monoxide content of up to 2 vol.% is possible without resorting to additional purification measures.
(US6231053-B1)   NOVELTY - The seal (1) comprises a sealing body (2) with an upper side, lower side and an opening; a sealing section (7) made of liquid vulcanized rubber; and a polymer electrolyte membrane element neighboring the sealing section.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The performance of the fuel cell for the production of an electrical current is improved. The seal has a simple structure. Direct handling of the polymer electrolyte membrane is avoided.
(EP1114486-A1)   NOVELTY - Membrane-separated, bipolar multicell electrochemical reactor has bipolar plate electrodes and membrane separators alternately stackable in horizontal position with other face of frames carrying O-ring gaskets facing upward. A retention counterflange is mounted on perimetral portion of the electrode or separator on the inner flange of the frame opposite the other face.    USE - For implementing a redox flow battery system for use on nonpolluting vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical reactor has an architecture that makes it more easy to assemble by allowing to stack fully preassembled elements horizontally, one on top of the other, and suitable to be operated in the same horizontal orientation of the bipolar elements.
(US6277512-B1)   NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte membrane comprises an intimate mixture of at least one ionomeric polymer and structural film-forming polymer.    USE - The polymer electrolyte membrane is used in electrochemical cells such as fuel cells and sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte membranes are strong, thin, durable and sufficiently conductive. The film-forming polymers do not have high melting points or glass transition temperatures and are not electrically conductive.
(US6190623-B1)   NOVELTY - Feed stock comprising hydrocarbon or oxygenate is passed to pre-reforming zone (14) to form effluent which is mixed with first air stream and passed to a partial oxidation zone. The oxidized effluent is passed to a reformer and reformed effluent is passed to carbon monoxide reduction zone to form hydrogen (H). H is passed to fuel cell zone to produce electric power and anode waste gas stream with H is removed.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Heat insulation is provided as outer layer disposed around the passage to prevent the loss of radiation from the inner wall. The reformed gas is passed through a separator to recover high purity hydrogen stream and non-permeate stream is combusted to provide heat to the reforming chamber. The thermal efficiency of the heat exchangers is improved. The controlling of hydrogen generation is effective and the process is simple.
(US6177629-B1)   NOVELTY - Charging control device for spacecraft solar array which includes solar array strings comprises a field emitter including an anode and a cathode, a first resistor coupled between the cathode of the field emitter array and a solar array common, and a second resistor coupled between the anode of the field emitter array and a solar array positive.    USE - Safe discharge of static charge buildup on sunlit space craft, such as earth orbit satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents differential charging on a spacecraft leading to electrostatic discharges that can cause satellite failures.
(JP2000345175-A)   NOVELTY - Method of selectively removing carbon monoxide, comprises preparing a catalyst bed capable of selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide and including several catalyst layers arranged in series and the catalyst layers different from each other in the temperature of application and arranged in order of the application temperature such that the catalyst layer having the highest application temperature constitutes the upstream side of the catalyst bed; and introducing a gaseous mixture containing H2, CO and an oxidizing agent of O2 into the catalyst bed through the upstream side of the catalyst bed so as to selectively oxidize and remove CO from the gaseous mixture.    USE - A method of selectively removing carbon monoxide is provided. This method is useful in polymer electrolyte fuel cells which suppress generation of a pollutant causing an air pollution for use in a motor car power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method permits a high carbon monoxide removal rate over a wide temperature range in selectively removing CO from a gaseous mixture containing H2 and CO.
NOVELTY - Crystallization of amorphous substance especially silicon involves depositing a silicon crystallization inducing substance on an amorphous silicon layer by plasma exposure, and annealing the amorphous silicon layer.    USE - For crystallizing an amorphous substance especially amorphous silicon. Crystallization method is also applied to fabrication of semiconductor devices, static random access memory, solar cells, thin film transistors, and liquid crystal display.    ADVANTAGE - Crystallization of amorphous silicon is performed within a short period (less than 50 minutes, preferably 10 minutes) at low temperature (300-1000degreesC, preferably 460degreesC) without metal contamination by accelerating crystallization of the amorphous silicon layer by using plasma. Metal contamination in the crystallized silicon layer formed is eliminated by controlling density and exposure time of plasma, and amount of metal in the crystallized layer, and metal-induced polysilicon is formed on a glass substrate of a large area.
(JP2000351608-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from a reformed gas comprises a supplying unit supplying the reformed gas into the reaction chamber, an oxidant gas supplying unit for mixing an oxidant gas with the reformed gas, a first catalyst layer through which a mixture of reformed gas and oxidant gas passes, and a second catalyst layer through which the mixed gas having passed through the first catalyst layer passes.    USE - A hydrogen purifying apparatus capable of stable removal of carbon monoxide from a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The purified gas is used as a fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is capable of reducing the CO concentration of a reformed gas to several ppm within a wider temperature range.    (CN1277144-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from a reformed gas comprises a supplying unit supplying the reformed gas into the reaction chamber, an oxidant gas supplying unit for mixing an oxidant gas with the reformed gas, a first catalyst layer through which a mixture of reformed gas and oxidant gas passes, and a second catalyst layer through which the mixed gas having passed through the first catalyst layer passes.    USE - A hydrogen purifying apparatus capable of stable removal of carbon monoxide from a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The purified gas is used as a fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is capable of reducing the CO concentration of a reformed gas to several ppm within a wider temperature range.
(JP2000342975-A)   NOVELTY - The selective removal of carbon monoxide comprises using a catalyst bed capable of selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide, including several catalyst layers arranged in series and different from each other in the temperature of application, and arranged in order of the application temperature, such that the catalyst layer having the highest application temperature constitutes the upstream side of the catalyst bed.    USE - The method is useful in polymer electrolyte fuel cells which suppress generation of a pollutant causing an air pollution for use in a motor car power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method permits a high carbon monoxide removal rate over a wide temperature range in selectively removing CO from a gaseous mixture containing H2 and CO.
(JP2000351606-A)   NOVELTY - In the fuel reforming apparatus, he activity of the reforming catalyst is recovered by heating the catalyst in a reducing apparatus.    USE - A fuel reforming apparatus is provided, it can recover the activity of the reforming catalyst by heating the reforming catalyst in a reducing atmosphere.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus eliminates the need for replacing the poisoned reforming catalyst and makes it possible to recover with ease the decreased activity of the reforming catalyst.
(DE19926608-A1)   NOVELTY - Chemical reactor has a catalyst-containing reaction chamber (1) having two different types of partial reaction chambers (R1 and R2). Only chamber (R1) is released at the start of the system and is heated more quickly than chamber (R2).    USE - For a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor has improved cold start behavior.
(JP2000332275-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.    (JP2000332277-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.    (JP2001036126-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.    (JP2001007368-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.
(WO200064830-A1)   NOVELTY - Prestressed safety glass with a wipe-proof and porous silica antireflection layer is produced by coating suitable glass with a colloidal-disperse solution, which is obtained by hydrolytic condensation of (organo)silane(s) and/or precondensate(s) and also contains organic polymer with hydroxy (OH) and/or imino (NH) group(s) and a molecular weight of 200-500000, with 0.1-100 mmole polymer/mole silane. The glass is dried, heated and chilled.    USE - The coated safety glass is used for covering solar collectors, for photovoltaic cells and for glazing in construction (all claimed). It can also be used for vehicle windscreens.    ADVANTAGE - Multilayer antireflection coatings based on interference are effective only over a narrow range of wavelengths and not for the broad band solar spectrum, as they greatly increase reflection outside the design wavelengths. Single layers diluted with air to give a very low refractive index are effective but generally not wipe-proof or unsuitable for use on safety glass. The present coatings are suitable for use on safety glass and wipe-proof and have a refractive index up to 1.22.
(EP1130657-A2)   NOVELTY - The intermediate band semiconductor (1) is located between an n-type and a p-type semiconductor (3, 4) layer without an intermediate band, both of these layers separating the semiconductor from the electrical contacts used to remove current.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Solar energy is converted into electricity more efficiently. The n and p-type layers prevent the intermediate band semiconductor from contacting the outer metal connections, which would cause a short-circuit.
(JP2001032163-A)   NOVELTY - A non-woven fiber web comprises several fibers (A) which are oriented in x-, y- and optionally z- directions. The fibers (A) are bonded with a polymeric substance. One or more continuous strands are embedded within sub-surface layer of non-woven web. Each continuous strand comprises several carbon fibers (B).    USE - Useful as base structure for gas diffusion substrate, gas diffusion electrode and membrane electrode assembly which are used for fuel cell. The non-woven fibrous web are used for metal-air batteries, electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical reactors for the electrosynthesis of useful chemical compounds and separator mats for batteries. The non-woven fibrous web is used in composite materials for cryogenic insulation, composite reinforcements such as plastics, cements, printed circuit boards, sports goods for insulation purposes, military applications, automotive structural components, brakes, gaskets, transmission units and for filtration applications.    ADVANTAGE - The compressibility of the substrate or the electrode is reduced significantly when the non-woven fibrous web is used as base structure and consequently the amount of movement experienced during compression of stack, is reduced. The tendency of the substrate or electrode to distort into channels and restriction of gas flow are reduced significantly. The fuel stacks are operated at ambient pressure.
(DE19928068-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.    (DE20010497-U1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.    (JP2001015139-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.    (DE19928068-C2)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.
(JP2001055493-A)   NOVELTY - An electroconductive resin composition comprises (A) 100 pts. wt. liquid crystal polyester resin capable of forming an anisotropic melt phase; (B) 0.01-30 pts. wt. carbodiimide compound; (C) 50-3000 pts. wt. electroconductive carbon powder; and (D) 0-10000 pts. wt. filler.    USE - The electroconductive resin composition is used in fuel cell separators for use in solid polymer type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electroconductive resin composition can be mass-produced and has superior high temperature resistance and hydrolysis resistance.
(JP2001023675-A)   NOVELTY - The warming up time of water-gas shift reactor (28) is reduced by injecting oxygen to catalyst bed (38) when the reactor is heated. The oxygen reacts exothermically with carbon monoxide (CO) in the feed gas of the reactor and the heat generated supplements the heating the reactor.    USE - For supplementing energy required for heating the water-gas shift reactor in PEM fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The exothermic heating is effectively used and the damage of catalyst is prevented as the high concentration CO feed gas is reduced to low concentration CO mixture by reacting the feed gas with oxygen. The time required to heat the water-gas shift reactor is minimized.
(JP2000340244-A)   NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes cooling water circulating path (5) and a heat exchanger (10). Water inlet of the heating path (10a) and filling port at the lower part of the tank (13) supply water to storage tank from outside of the system. A water outlet of the heating path and a hot water supply port supply water from tank to external hot water supply load at the upper part of the tank.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell with cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - The cogeneration system can provide water at high temperature very quickly after the system is started and also has a large hot water supply load.
(JP2000294813-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell back cover material (1) is formed by laminating a skin film (3) and a moisture-proof film (2) with an EVA adhesive (4). The moisture-proof film (2) is prepared by forming an inorganic oxide coating film on the front surface of a base material film.    USE - Solar cell back cover material is used as a rear-surface-side protection member in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell back cover material and solar cell back cover material/sealing film are lightweight and thin, excellent in moisture-proof ability and durability, have high insulating performance, are free from leaked current, and have a high-durability.
(DE19927604-A1)   NOVELTY - Silicon has a total oxygen content of 8 x 10 Power 17 - 1 x 10 Power 19 atom/cm3 and a density on displacement of 1 x 10 Power 5 - 5 x 10 Power 7 cm(-2).    USE - Used in the production of n+p and p+n solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell produced is highly efficient.    (JP2001048518-A)   NOVELTY - Silicon has a total oxygen content of 8 x 10 Power 17 - 1 x 10 Power 19 atom/cm3 and a density on displacement of 1 x 10 Power 5 - 5 x 10 Power 7 cm(-2).    USE - Used in the production of n+p and p+n solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell produced is highly efficient.    (CN1278565-A)   NOVELTY - Silicon has a total oxygen content of 8 x 10 Power 17 - 1 x 10 Power 19 atom/cm3 and a density on displacement of 1 x 10 Power 5 - 5 x 10 Power 7 cm(-2).    USE - Used in the production of n+p and p+n solar cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell produced is highly efficient.
(JP2000337605-A)   NOVELTY - The catalytic burner comprises injectors (25, 26) for liquid fuel injection into a fuel and oxidizing gas pre-mixing section (24) and into a combustion chamber (50).    USE - Especially for heating an evaporator in a vehicle fuel cell system, e.g. a solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell system operated with air and reformed methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides cooling of the combustion section by evaporation of the injected liquid fuel to prevent high temperature damage to the catalyst and promotes pre-evaporation and pre-mixing of the fuel, while maintaining the catalyst operating temperature and stabilizing the flame.
(EP1067614-A2)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system is controlled by providing a monitoring system and controller to generate either a normal or a rapid shutdown procedure. The normal shutdown procedure includes disconnection of load from the hydrogen stream and the rapid shutdown procedure includes removal of the hydrogen stream from the system.    USE - For controlling the operation of a fuel cell system which supplies a hydrogen-rich stream to a fuel cell stack, e.g. proton exchange membrane type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method ensures to generate a normal shutdown when no rapid shutdown conditions exist with the maximize use of the normal shutdown procedure having inherent low stress and efficiency; and to generate a rapid shutdown when rapid procedure is justified or required, thus ensuring to avoid system derogation and not to allow undesirable system conditions to persist or be created.    (JP2001057221-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system is controlled by providing a monitoring system and controller to generate either a normal or a rapid shutdown procedure. The normal shutdown procedure includes disconnection of load from the hydrogen stream and the rapid shutdown procedure includes removal of the hydrogen stream from the system.    USE - For controlling the operation of a fuel cell system which supplies a hydrogen-rich stream to a fuel cell stack, e.g. proton exchange membrane type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method ensures to generate a normal shutdown when no rapid shutdown conditions exist with the maximize use of the normal shutdown procedure having inherent low stress and efficiency; and to generate a rapid shutdown when rapid procedure is justified or required, thus ensuring to avoid system derogation and not to allow undesirable system conditions to persist or be created.
(JP2000348736-A)   NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte fuel cell includes a solid electrolyte device (16a) which has electrodes (12, 14a) on both surfaces of an oxygen ion-conductive solid electrolyte substrate (10). The electrode on the anode side of the device is formed by blending metal oxide particles (20) consisting of cobalt-nickel dioxide or cobalt (II) oxide in a porous platinum layer.    USE - For generating power.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has superior power generation performance e.g., discharge and terminal current densities, and in thermal and chemical stability. It generates power more efficiently and has reduced production cost.
(WO200074161-A1)   NOVELTY - Membrane electrode unit for electrochemical cells, consisting of a polymer electrolyte membrane with electrodes covering both sides, has an integrated thermoplastic edge seal comprising a layer of hot melt adhesive, which (a) is applied to both sides, protrudes over the outside edge and forms a one-piece projecting zone; and (b) has ionic or strongly polar groups to give high adhesion by surface interaction effect with the ionic groups of the membrane.    USE - The membrane electrode unit is used in fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Ion-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes, which have pendant ionic groups, have very low surface energy, which makes bonding to other materials very difficult. The interaction of the ionic or polar groups of the hot melt adhesive with the ionic groups on the membrane ensures strong adhesion. Hence the seal is tight on the membrane and at holes for introducing media. It also facilitate handling during assembly.
(WO200074160-A1)   NOVELTY - Membrane electrode unit for fuel cells and membrane electrolyzers and compressors, has a polymer electrolyte membrane with electrodes covering both sides and a stiffening edge frame, on one or both sides, comprising (a) a hot melt adhesive layer applied to the outer edge and/or the edge of holes for assembly and/or introducing media and (b) a stiff plate, all bonded by applying heat and pressure to give a one-piece stiffening edge section.    USE - The membrane electrode unit is used in fuel cells, membrane electrolyzers and membrane compressors (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Ion-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes have very low surface energy, which makes bonding to other materials very difficult. The interaction of the ionic or polar groups of the hot melt adhesive with the ionic groups on the membrane ensures strong adhesion. This ensures a tight seal and is economical.
(EP1057997-A1)   NOVELTY - In an internal combustion engine with a fuel cell as current/voltage source, which is connected to a hydrogen-generating reformer that reforms hydrogen from a liquid fuel supplied for operating the engine, the reformer can be supplied through a pipe with a condensate of the vapor of low-boiling components of the fuel produced in a device connected to the fuel tank.    USE - The product is an internal combustion engine with a fuel cell as current/voltage source (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reformer systems for fuel cells normally use a primary alcohol (e.g. (m)ethanol) or hydrocarbon (e.g. methane, n-heptane or isooctane). The present system makes it possible to use the normal fuel as the source of fuel for rapid reforming.
(JP2000349310-A)   NOVELTY - A covered solar cell (11) has a transparent glass layer (13), which is formed directly on a surface of a solar cell (12).    USE - As a power supply for artificial satellites.    ADVANTAGE - The invention eliminates the need of an expensive silicon adhesive for bonding the glass. The work of removing any overflowed adhesive is eliminated, and alignment faults between the solar cell and the glass plate are eliminated, by which cost reduction is achieved. Further, thermal stresses on the solar cell and the glass plate due to property changes of the adhesion layer under low temperature are eliminated, and thus damage of the solar cell and the glass plate or peeling of the adhesive can be reduced.
(DE19921515-A1)   NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell, with a back face electrode (4) of an intermetallic phase of the same group Ib and IIIa metals as those used to form the absorber layer (5), is new.    USE - As a thin film solar cell of Ib/IIIa/VIa compound semiconductor type, especially CIS type.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is simpler and more economical to handle, especially in adhesively bonded form on any inexpensive carrier foil, is flexible, is inexpensive to produce and has low weight.    (JP2001007360-A)   NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell, with a back face electrode (4) of an intermetallic phase of the same group Ib and IIIa metals as those used to form the absorber layer (5), is new.    USE - As a thin film solar cell of Ib/IIIa/VIa compound semiconductor type, especially CIS type.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell is simpler and more economical to handle, especially in adhesively bonded form on any inexpensive carrier foil, is flexible, is inexpensive to produce and has low weight.
(DE19921514-A1)   NOVELTY - A thin film solar cell, with an absorber structure comprising two overlying compound semiconductor phases (31, 32), an internal potential barrier and a p-conductive surface, is new.    USE - As a thin film solar cell of Ib/IIIa/VIa compound semiconductor type, especially CIS type.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell has n- and p-conductive regions taking part in charge carrier generation and is inexpensive to produce with high productivity and energy efficiency especially by automatic continuous roll-to-roll processing using a flexible foil substrate having low heat capacity.
(WO200064576-A1)   NOVELTY - The seam/methane ratio in the feedstock to the reformer reactor (1) is adjusted in accordance with temperature profile shift in the reactor, as a function of long term (catalyst) aging. Methane is an example, other hydrocarbons may be processed.    USE - To operate a steam hydrocarbon reformer reactor supplying e.g. fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A simple method is employed for long term operation of the reformer reactor. It compensates for changes in the temperature profile in the reactor, caused by aging. Temperature profile is held more uniform. Changes in the reforming- or the CO oxidizer can be offset.    (DE19918997-C2)   NOVELTY - The seam/methane ratio in the feedstock to the reformer reactor (1) is adjusted in accordance with temperature profile shift in the reactor, as a function of long term (catalyst) aging. Methane is an example, other hydrocarbons may be processed.    USE - To operate a steam hydrocarbon reformer reactor supplying e.g. fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A simple method is employed for long term operation of the reformer reactor. It compensates for changes in the temperature profile in the reactor, caused by aging. Temperature profile is held more uniform. Changes in the reforming- or the CO oxidizer can be offset.
(JP2000349066-A)   NOVELTY - Method of producing semiconductor member comprises: anodizing surface of a first substrate to form a porous layer forming thin-crystal semiconductor layer on porous layer; removing semiconductor layer at its peripheral region; bonding second substrate to semiconductor layer; separating the semiconductor layer from the first substrate; and treating surface of first substrate.    USE - The method is used for forming a semiconductor member and a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High performance semiconductor members and solar cells having less cracks, breaks or defects are manufactured efficiently.    (JP2000349319-A)   NOVELTY - Method of producing semiconductor member comprises: anodizing surface of a first substrate to form a porous layer forming thin-crystal semiconductor layer on porous layer; removing semiconductor layer at its peripheral region; bonding second substrate to semiconductor layer; separating the semiconductor layer from the first substrate; and treating surface of first substrate.    USE - The method is used for forming a semiconductor member and a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High performance semiconductor members and solar cells having less cracks, breaks or defects are manufactured efficiently.    (CN1280383-A)   NOVELTY - Method of producing semiconductor member comprises: anodizing surface of a first substrate to form a porous layer forming thin-crystal semiconductor layer on porous layer; removing semiconductor layer at its peripheral region; bonding second substrate to semiconductor layer; separating the semiconductor layer from the first substrate; and treating surface of first substrate.    USE - The method is used for forming a semiconductor member and a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - High performance semiconductor members and solar cells having less cracks, breaks or defects are manufactured efficiently.
(WO200063988-A2)   NOVELTY - A membrane electrolyte, comprising a self-dissociating compound chemically bonded to a base polymer, is new.    USE - For a high temperature membrane (HTM) fuel cell with a polymer electrolyte membrane, e.g. of polyetherketone, polyethersulfone and/or polyimidazole.    ADVANTAGE - The self-dissociating compound is not washed away by product water during fuel cell start-up, thus avoiding the need for fuel cell topping-up and making the fuel cell suitable for mobile applications.
(JP2001010810-A)   NOVELTY - A crystalline silicon is produced by crystallizing a molten silicon (10) from the inner bottom of a mold (1) upward while providing a temperature having a positive gradient to the molten silicon. An inert gas is blown to vibrate the molten silicon surface, thus forming cavities in the surface.    USE - For producing crystalline silicon useful in polycrystalline silicon solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces crystal silicon having high quality, high crystallinity, and low impurity content.
(DE19919708-A1)   NOVELTY - Stepwise alkylation of prim. polymers giving good yields and controllable ratio of amino groups involves a cycle of deprotonation with an organometallic base and reaction with an alkyl halide.    USE - The polymers and their blends are used as membranes or as hollow fibers for pervaporation, perstraction, gas separation, dialysis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis, particularly in membrane fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, electrodialysis and diffusion dialysis (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The yields are good, the ratio of primary:secondary and secondary:tertiary amino groups can be controlled and the polymer can be simultaneously covalently and ionically crosslinked.
(US6207308-B1)   NOVELTY - A water treatment system has fuel cell assemblies. Anode and cathode of each assembly, support anode and cathode flow field plates through which fuel and oxidant are circulated to anode and cathode, respectively. A degasifier (45) enables the circulated coolant and oxidant to interact with each other, which are treated by removing contaminants from the coolant and humidifying the oxidant.    USE - For fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The water treatment system reduces the levels of contaminants in water circulating throughout fuel cell assembly. The efficiency of fuel cell assembly is improved by preventing the degradation of fuel cell material and decrease in conductivity of proton exchange membrane caused by shunt current corrosion. The damages caused to the functioning of fuel cell assembly are prevented by preventing contamination of water collected and circulated through the fuel cell assembly in the coolant channels.
(EP1090429-A2)   NOVELTY - A multilayer semiconductor structure (20) includes a germanium substrate (22) having a first surface (24), and a layer of phosphide material (34) overlying and contacting the first surface of the germanium substrate. The germanium substrate includes a bulk germanium region (28), and a phosphorus-doped germanium region (30) adjacent to the first surface.    USE - The structure is useful as an independent solar cell or as the substrate upon which more complex multijunction solar cells are fabricated. The solar cells are used in variety of terrestrial and space applications. In terrestrial applications, solar cells are often used in remote locations where it is uneconomical to provide power lines. In space applications, solar cells are used to power many types of satellites, e.g. communications satellites.    ADVANTAGE - The structure achieves improved electrical conversion performance as a solar cell, as compared with other structures.
(JP2000340813-A)   NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion device (30) includes a number of pin junction layers (3,9). At least a p-layer (13) is adjacent an n-layer (5) comprising a stack of amorphous Si layers as first and second p-layers (7,8c). The first p-layer is 5 nm thick or less and contains p-type and n-type impurities and the second p-layer layer has a p-type impurity concentration gradually decreasing as it is closer to an i-layer.    USE - For solar cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - The device has small light absorption, high conductivity and preferable interface characteristics.    (JP2001189474-A)   NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion device (30) includes a number of pin junction layers (3,9). At least a p-layer (13) is adjacent an n-layer (5) comprising a stack of amorphous Si layers as first and second p-layers (7,8c). The first p-layer is 5 nm thick or less and contains p-type and n-type impurities and the second p-layer layer has a p-type impurity concentration gradually decreasing as it is closer to an i-layer.    USE - For solar cells etc.    ADVANTAGE - The device has small light absorption, high conductivity and preferable interface characteristics.
(JP2000288345-A)   NOVELTY - Nitrogen trifluoride is treated by preparing a reactor, stationarily placing a substance into the reactor, introducing a gas containing nitrogen fluoride into the reactor, and capturing the fluoride gas.    USE - For treating NF3 gas useful as a dry etching gas and cleaning gas in processes for producing large-scale integration, thin film transistor, and solar cell and in an electron photographic process.    ADVANTAGE - The method adequately removes gas containing NF3 in a large amount and/or at a high concentration while performing the treatment process safely without the formation of explosive gas by-products.
(US6232010-B1)   NOVELTY - Reduction in the number of parts and interfaces in an electrochemical reactor, especially in a fuel cell stack, is achieved by the use of a unified structure that combines the functions of the gas distribution and gas diffusion structures, gas distribution and gas barrier structures, or all three structures into a single unitary metallic part.    USE - Lightweight bipolar plates for use as separators between adjacent electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Higher electrical conductivity than conventional bipolar plate or stack structures.
(EP1090436-A1)   NOVELTY - Fabrication of a composite membrane comprises combining a first polymer component with a second polymer component, and converting the first component to an ion-conducting precursor. The first component is a non ion-conducting precursor.    USE - For fabricating a composite membrane useful in electrochemical devices requiring a proton conductor, e.g. proton exchange membranes (PEM) fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows greater flexibity in controlling or adjusting the physical properties of the membranes, e.g. mechanical strength, shape stability, resistance to oxidation, durability and ionic conductivity.
(JP2000219661-A)   NOVELTY - Norbornadienyl derivatives (I) are new.    USE - For light energy storage - light-heat energy conversion materials (claimed), photochromic optical recording materials (claimed), and optical device materials (claimed); e.g., used in solar energy utilization technology.    ADVANTAGE - The refractive index and absorption wavelength of the derivatives are changed by photoinduced reaction, the derivatives show good functionality, good photoefficiency, excellent durability, and utilization of light above 300 nm is improved. Solar energy can be stored for long periods, and then the energy output as heat when required.
(JP2001043878-A)   NOVELTY - In a fuel cell power generation system (1), pure hydrogen discharged from a hydrogen reservoir (2) is supplied, without being humidified, to a fuel cell (4) equipped with a heat resistant polymer membrane which functions as a medium for conducting protons. The fuel cell is operated by setting the upper limit of the operating temperature to 200degreesC.    USE - The fuel cell power generation system is used in an automobile (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer membrane containing phosphoric acid has a high heat resistance, can sufficiently withstand increases in temperature and has the ability to retain water. As a result, the operation temperature of the fuel cell and the water content do not need to be strictly controlled. The structure of the system is simplified and its weight is reduced.
(WO200061520-A1)   NOVELTY - A silicon article has a passivating surface coating of a sol-gel material.    USE - The silicon articles are used in solar cells or modules or in elements for electronics.    ADVANTAGE - The articles are given a relatively long-lasting and stable surface passivation without the disadvantages associated with prior-art high temperature processes. Typically the passivation lasts for at least a month as opposed to a period of only hours associated with wet-applied coatings based on iodine-containing rosin. Devices with the sol-gel coating show a surface recombination rate of only ca. 1,000cm/s, compared to values of 105-106 for untreated silicon discs.
(JP2001203373-A)   NOVELTY - Photovoltaic device comprises semiconductor substrate, first and second electrodes connected to the n-type and p-type diffusion regions, respectively, and support substrate adhered to an adhesive layer. The regions are formed adjacently on semiconducting substrate light-receiving surface, or n-type region is formed on light-receiving surface and p-type region is formed on opposite surface.    USE - Thin film solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Conversion efficiency is improved regardless of whether the light-receiving surface and the opposite surface are in close proximity since the semiconductor surface opposite the light-receiving surface is passivated by the adhesive layer.
(DE19928857-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar cell arrangement has a frame for holding solar cell devices such as photovoltaic panels (1.3). The frame has a mast (1) which is pivotal about a horizontal axis and rotatable about a vertical axis. The mast can be locked in a selected rotational and/or pivot position by solar cell devices supported on it.    USE - especially. for solar power systems with photovoltaic panels.    ADVANTAGE - The solar power can be converted in an optimal manner.    (DE19928857-C2)   NOVELTY - The solar cell arrangement has a frame for holding solar cell devices such as photovoltaic panels (1.3). The frame has a mast (1) which is pivotal about a horizontal axis and rotatable about a vertical axis. The mast can be locked in a selected rotational and/or pivot position by solar cell devices supported on it.    USE - especially. for solar power systems with photovoltaic panels.    ADVANTAGE - The solar power can be converted in an optimal manner.
(CN1295189-A)   NOVELTY - The quantity of water passing a runner is adjusted by water quantity adjustment unit which is controlled by centrifugal spark advancer. The advancer is controlled such that the rotational speed of runner becomes high at time of load cut-off.    USE - Pump turbine for power plant.    ADVANTAGE - The upstream side hydraulic pressure during load cut-off is reduced, thus resulting in simplification in water-proof design. The water hammer phenomenon is suppressed and the hydraulic thrust at the time of transition is also reduced.
(EP1110584-A2)   NOVELTY - The system includes an interface unit that allows exchange of information between user and exercise station (2). A telecommunication network is operatively interposed between exercise station for connection and information exchange between users of individual stations.    USE - Computerized connection system between exercise stations for exchanging communication of related users.    ADVANTAGE - Enables users of physically remote gym to exchange information, messages and to participate in a collective, simultaneous exercise sections.
(DE10108041-A1)   NOVELTY - In a purpose-designed module, the turbine (11) is driven by a pressurized water feed (20). Turbine mechanical energy output drives the air compressor (12) through a transmission system (19). The compressed air flows through a line (17) to a compressed air tank (13) where its energy is stored.    USE - To convert e.g. hydrodynamic-, wind-, solar-, tidal- or braking energy into stored pneumatic energy. Subsequent release drives e.g. an electrical generator.    ADVANTAGE - This method of energy storage and of subsequent use, avoids environmental pollution. Energy storage is a vital requirement of any generation system in which supply of, and demand for the energy are variable.
(CN1283874-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.    (JP2001026500-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.    (JP2001111081-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.
(DE19956064-A1)   NOVELTY - The flow energy utilization method uses the fluid flow for rotating one or more rotors, provided with adjustable aerodynamic rotor blades, extending parallel to the vertical rotation axis, supported between discs which are eccentric to the rotation axis, for providing an accelerated circulation flow on the reduced pressure side (23). The disc rotation is used for driving an energy converter, for providing a mechanical or electrical energy output.    USE - The method is used for converting wind or water flow energy into mechanical or electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows reliable starting of the engine under difficult starting conditions.
(EP1102330-A2)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module comprises a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer. The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module has an excellent environmental resistance through the use of the back cover film having a high adhesive strength with the encapsulant resin.    (JP2001148497-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module comprises a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer. The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module has an excellent environmental resistance through the use of the back cover film having a high adhesive strength with the encapsulant resin.
(JP3098003-B2)   NOVELTY - The lamination apparatus includes an upper chamber (10) and a lower chamber (12) divided with a diaphragm (9). A heat-generation board (11) which incorporates a heater is arranged in the lower chamber. One or more flexible heaters are arranged between the lower chamber and diaphragm.    USE - For laminating components of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of curve and crack in processed object, especially a solar cell. Improves productivity by shortening time for raising temperature of processed object to required temperature.
(DE19944660-A1)   NOVELTY - The current generation device has a framework (8) which is located below the water surface (7), provided with stationary coil windings positioned along its parallel longitudinal struts (9), cooperating with magnets mounted on a carriage (12) displaced along each longitudinal strut by the action of the water flow on associated vanes (14) mounted between the carriages. The vanes are rotated between a position perpendicular to the water flow for movement in the direction of the latter and parallel to the water flow for movement in the opposite direction.    USE - The device is used for providing electrical current from a tidal water flow.    ADVANTAGE - The device eliminates the need for a turbine.
(DE19944414-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar generator uses an array of solar blankets (2) coupled together via hinges (3) provided with electrically conductive hinge sleeves (4) attached to the side edges of the solar blankets and electrically conductive hinge pins (7). The rear surface of each solar blanket is electrically conductive for dissipation of electrostatic charge.    USE - The device is used for providing electrical current in low earth orbit.    ADVANTAGE - The hinges provide low-cost electrical connections between the solar blankets.    (JP2001127329-A)   NOVELTY - The solar generator uses an array of solar blankets (2) coupled together via hinges (3) provided with electrically conductive hinge sleeves (4) attached to the side edges of the solar blankets and electrically conductive hinge pins (7). The rear surface of each solar blanket is electrically conductive for dissipation of electrostatic charge.    USE - The device is used for providing electrical current in low earth orbit.    ADVANTAGE - The hinges provide low-cost electrical connections between the solar blankets.
(DE19921265-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar module (10) has upper and lower cover layers between which a solar generator (18) with a number of solar cells is sandwiched, the solar current terminals (28,30) of the generator incorporated in a plug socket (26) at one side of the solar module, which is sealed between the upper and lower cover layers of the solar module at the rear.    USE - The solar module is used for mounting on a vehicle, e.g. a motor home, a caravan or a boat.    ADVANTAGE - The plug socket is sealed between the cover layers to prevent penetration of water.    (DE19921265-C2)   NOVELTY - The solar module (10) has upper and lower cover layers between which a solar generator (18) with a number of solar cells is sandwiched, the solar current terminals (28,30) of the generator incorporated in a plug socket (26) at one side of the solar module, which is sealed between the upper and lower cover layers of the solar module at the rear.    USE - The solar module is used for mounting on a vehicle, e.g. a motor home, a caravan or a boat.    ADVANTAGE - The plug socket is sealed between the cover layers to prevent penetration of water.    (JP2001015789-A)   NOVELTY - The solar module (10) has upper and lower cover layers between which a solar generator (18) with a number of solar cells is sandwiched, the solar current terminals (28,30) of the generator incorporated in a plug socket (26) at one side of the solar module, which is sealed between the upper and lower cover layers of the solar module at the rear.    USE - The solar module is used for mounting on a vehicle, e.g. a motor home, a caravan or a boat.    ADVANTAGE - The plug socket is sealed between the cover layers to prevent penetration of water.
(EP1087823-A1)   NOVELTY - The system includes a mobile telephone (6) which intercommunicates with the information system (2) through wireless telecommunication network (28). The telephone is provided with finger print and retinal image readers (14,15) to identify respective physiological characteristics for uniquely distinguishing the person.    USE - For interchange of information between trainee and information system used in exercise machine, in gymnasium, fitness center for training, re-educating and maintaining the well being of body.    ADVANTAGE - Enables communication with the information system which allows entering personal and specific information pertaining to significant physiological parameters to be processed to obtain specific information, such as scientifically managed qualification and graduation of the person's personal workout plans to be carried out on the exercise machines. The telephone allows input of data pertaining to the energy content stored with daily nutrition or referable to a different time interval into the information system for reference.
NOVELTY - A database stores the real heart beat rate of a user for reference. A comparison unit compares the reference heart beat rate with the measured heart beat rate of an exercising user. A central processing unit outputs a control signal to an electronic controller to increase or decrease the exercise quantity, based on the comparison result.    USE - For controlling exercise apparatus such as indoor bicycles, steppers, running machines through internet.    ADVANTAGE - Allows user to exercise at any location, and reduces body weight, hence improves physical strength and obtains normal heart beat rate.
(EP1102017-A2)   NOVELTY - Trough-shaped transverse profiles are fitted parallel to the high lines of the roof face between collectors and at top junction between collectors and roof face. Trough-shaped longitudinal profiles (4) are fitted orthogonally to the high lines between collectors and roof face.    USE - The longitudinal profiles are positively fastened by a longitudinally shiftable arresting rail (3) on a fastening holder (2) on the roof structure, both profiles are identical and secured to the collectors. For rapid assembly system of solar collector installation of a solar energy system integrated with the roof.    ADVANTAGE - No need for sheet metal fittings for secure fitting in roof structure.
(WO200139278-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar panel, comprises a transparent panel (10) with a solar cell unit (18) containing crystalline solar cells. Connectors (22) link these to a collector electrode (14). This consists of a coating applied either directly to the panel or to an intermediate coating (12) and is in contact with the connectors on the side which is turned away from the panel    USE - For use in the sun roof of a car.
(FR2797192-A1)   NOVELTY - Magnetic members (2) are attached to the outside of a flange (13) of a disc (14) and an engaging portion (12) is engaged to a transmission belt that rotates the disc when the user rotates a crank. An adjusting means (50) has two semicircular parts (5) and a cam (6) is connected to a frame (7) and can be moved by pulling on a control wire (8) to move the parts relative to the magnetic members and change the resistance.    USE - Adjusting resistance in an exercise machine.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced complexity and manufacturing cost of adjusting device.
(RU2155622-C1)   NOVELTY - The exerciser uses pedal levers that may be in phase or 180 degrees apart and a motor for altering the training load and moving a support frame to different training positions, e.g., normal cycling position, user vertical or user horizontal and lying on a mat. User is secured with a support belt. A switch controls the forward, reverse or independent foot, hand pedal crank (8,9) movement.    USE - As a spine exerciser with hand and foot pedals for strengthening the musculoskeletal system and spine posture correction.    ADVANTAGE - Can be used by people of any age and level of physical ability.
(JP3167693-B2)   NOVELTY - Distance travelled by user is computed with distance of movement calculator (14) based on traveling time obtained from timer (15) and movement speed computed with speed calculator (13). Movement detector (11) senses walking or running movement of user to output detection result as moving signal. Sampling period modification unit (12) changes sampling period to optimum level based on input moving signal.    USE - In e.g. wrist watch type GPS based portable speedometer, portable range finder for measuring walk, run speed and distance of user.    ADVANTAGE - Calculates user's movement speed and distance accurately. Reduces measurement error by adjusting swing period of arm and sampling period.    (US6285314-B1)   NOVELTY - Distance travelled by user is computed with distance of movement calculator (14) based on traveling time obtained from timer (15) and movement speed computed with speed calculator (13). Movement detector (11) senses walking or running movement of user to output detection result as moving signal. Sampling period modification unit (12) changes sampling period to optimum level based on input moving signal.    USE - In e.g. wrist watch type GPS based portable speedometer, portable range finder for measuring walk, run speed and distance of user.    ADVANTAGE - Calculates user's movement speed and distance accurately. Reduces measurement error by adjusting swing period of arm and sampling period.
(CN1274952-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell is produced by forming the porous Si layer as the separation layer, growing three single-crystal Si layers (24,25,26) as the semiconductor thin film, and defining the separation surface as a light incident surface. The separated substrate is reclaimed by anisotropic etching. The uneven shape is formed on the surface of a non-porous Si substrate (28). Smooth portions in the uneven shape are portions on which the grid electrode (21) is placed after subsequent growth of the semiconductor thin film.    USE - For producing photoelectric conversion devices such as solar cells, photo-sensors, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The consumption of Si is reduced, the substrate is reclaimed, and the device can be provided at a low production cost.    (JP2000332270-A)   NOVELTY - The solar cell is produced by forming the porous Si layer as the separation layer, growing three single-crystal Si layers (24,25,26) as the semiconductor thin film, and defining the separation surface as a light incident surface. The separated substrate is reclaimed by anisotropic etching. The uneven shape is formed on the surface of a non-porous Si substrate (28). Smooth portions in the uneven shape are portions on which the grid electrode (21) is placed after subsequent growth of the semiconductor thin film.    USE - For producing photoelectric conversion devices such as solar cells, photo-sensors, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The consumption of Si is reduced, the substrate is reclaimed, and the device can be provided at a low production cost.
(WO200107119-A1)   NOVELTY - A central controller includes CPU when operatively connected to memory containing program executed by CPU for separately and collectively evaluating risk associated with user specific information. A central controller receives information from terminal and outputs statement as to whether user may begin fitness program or should obtain medical clearance before beginning the program.    USE - For delivering user specific exercise information, injury prevention information, health risk indicators.    ADVANTAGE - The user can access output information directly through a qualified health professional who directs data entry, thereby reducing accessing fee.
(JP2000516829-W)   NOVELTY - Several lower belts mounted side by side, are supported by rollers (1802,1803) at two ends. Upper belt moving over support provided to lower belts, is movable in two directions. The upper and lower belts are moved in orthogonal direction with the help of motors (7,8). A controller in response to direction of user, controls the motors of upper and lower belts.    USE - For simulation, training and exercising in human rehabilitation service.    ADVANTAGE - Enables walking of user in arbitrary direction as upper and lower belts are moved in orthogonal directions, corresponding to user movement, by controlled motors.
NOVELTY - An encoder monitors the drive motor RPM and a current sensor the motor load. When a person steps onto the moving belt that persons weight causes a drop in motor speed and the current sensor initiates a restoration of that speed. When the person is walking or running faster than the belt speed this results in the motor RPM increasing and, if slower, acts to brake the belt. Sensed by the encoder the motor RPM can be adjusted accordingly to match the persons pace    USE - With home exercise machine    ADVANTAGE - Relieves users of the discomfort of manually adjusting the speed when the belt is moving them away from or towards a front mounted control panel
(JP2001032451-A)   NOVELTY - The roof tile incorporates a solar battery module with a rectangular plate like body and uses a recess in a projecting portion of the body to receive the solar battery with a stop contacting the edge of the module to hold it and recess in the bottom portion (4a) contacting the reverse surface of the battery module (6) at a lower level than the projecting portion (7).    USE - As a roof tile incorporating a solar battery module with a rectangular plate like body.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a tile for a solar battery module which does not require any caulking between the solar battery module and the tile body to protect the connecting terminals of the module or the tile board of a roof from rainwater.    (JP2001032452-A)   NOVELTY - The roof tile incorporates a solar battery module with a rectangular plate like body and uses a recess in a projecting portion of the body to receive the solar battery with a stop contacting the edge of the module to hold it and recess in the bottom portion (4a) contacting the reverse surface of the battery module (6) at a lower level than the projecting portion (7).    USE - As a roof tile incorporating a solar battery module with a rectangular plate like body.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a tile for a solar battery module which does not require any caulking between the solar battery module and the tile body to protect the connecting terminals of the module or the tile board of a roof from rainwater.
(DE19934073-A1)   NOVELTY - The arrangement makes a shape- and force-locking connection between the solar module (1) frame (2) and a bearer profile (4) using a clamping piece (3). Several clamping pieces can be used on either side of the solar module frame to connect it to the bearer profile. The connection between the bearer profile and the clamping part is a shape-locking and/or force-locking one.    USE - For attachment of solar modules with profile frames to bearer profiles.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is installation-friendly and inexpensive.    (JP2001090275-A)   NOVELTY - The arrangement makes a shape- and force-locking connection between the solar module (1) frame (2) and a bearer profile (4) using a clamping piece (3). Several clamping pieces can be used on either side of the solar module frame to connect it to the bearer profile. The connection between the bearer profile and the clamping part is a shape-locking and/or force-locking one.    USE - For attachment of solar modules with profile frames to bearer profiles.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is installation-friendly and inexpensive.
(JP2001081917-A)   NOVELTY - The power apparatus has solar modules arranged so adjacent solar module edges are overlapped. It uses several solar cells (20) in series with its serial connecting direction set orthogonally to the modules' ranging direction. On ranging modules a side portion on lower side on which a module shadow on the upper side is cast is formed into a non-power generation area by removing the solar cells.    USE - As a solar powered electric power apparatus with several solar modules arranged so the edges of adjacent solar modules are overlapped.    ADVANTAGE - Provides superior output characteristics, in particular when a solar battery of an integrated construction is used.    (JP2001036125-A)   NOVELTY - The power apparatus has solar modules arranged so adjacent solar module edges are overlapped. It uses several solar cells (20) in series with its serial connecting direction set orthogonally to the modules' ranging direction. On ranging modules a side portion on lower side on which a module shadow on the upper side is cast is formed into a non-power generation area by removing the solar cells.    USE - As a solar powered electric power apparatus with several solar modules arranged so the edges of adjacent solar modules are overlapped.    ADVANTAGE - Provides superior output characteristics, in particular when a solar battery of an integrated construction is used.
(JP2000286439-A)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module comprises an optically transparent substrate (11), a number of photovoltaic cells (12) arranged on the back surface of the substrate, a pair of busbars (13) for positive and negative electrodes, an electrical insulating filter (14), electrical insulating spacer (15), cover film (16), and a terminal box (17). Each busbar (13) includes the busbar body (13a) and an extension (13b) long enough to project from one end of the substrate.    USE - For setting on, e.g. roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - The quality and yield of the photovoltaic module as well as the workability of the wiring unit are improved and the manufacturing costs is lowered.
(WO200057488-A1)   NOVELTY - The system has carrier elements (20) that form a carrier system lying in a plane, a holding element for the edge region of a component with a supporting surface whose distance from the upper side of the carrier element is greater than the thickness of the covered edge section of a part so that an air gap remains between a covered part (14) and an overlapping covering part (16). At least one securing element (46) is provided to fix the covered edge section of a part against displacement in the carrier element's longitudinal direction.    USE - For attaching plate-shaped components, especially photovoltaic modules.    ADVANTAGE - Can be mounted irrespective of the sub-structure and is suitable for large plate-shaped parts with an area greater than 0.5 m2, which it secures against being removed.
(US6177627-B1)   NOVELTY - The panel has base (10) having front surface (12) on which parallel rows (13) of solar cells (24) and self deploying reflectors (25) are alternatively arranged. Reflectors are arranged so that their longitudinal axes are parallel to rows. Each reflector has reflective sides (29,30) where reflecting sides on either sides of each row reflects incident light onto solar cells in deployed state of reflector.    USE - In spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Cost of manufacturing is reduced, as minimum number of functioning elements are used. The panel is foldable for storage where the reflectors collapse against opposing surface. Area of collection is maximized, as the sides of reflectors on either sides of each row reflects light onto interposed row.
(JP2000312019-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell modules (103) are arranged in three rows of ten, six and four modules on the installable area (102) of a roof face (101) of a building. An incombustible partition plate divides the space into two halves. Five cells are connected in series to form strings (107, 108, 109, 110) connected in parallel by string cables (104). Selected positive and negative string cables pass through left (105a) and right (105b) entrapment holes and through a ridge side entrapment hole (105c).    USE - The installation structure of a solar cell module array is used for a sunlight power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The installation structure provides a high degree of safety since the positive and negative string cables are wired such that no electric short circuit will occur even in the event of a fire.    (CN1274174-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell modules (103) are arranged in three rows of ten, six and four modules on the installable area (102) of a roof face (101) of a building. An incombustible partition plate divides the space into two halves. Five cells are connected in series to form strings (107, 108, 109, 110) connected in parallel by string cables (104). Selected positive and negative string cables pass through left (105a) and right (105b) entrapment holes and through a ridge side entrapment hole (105c).    USE - The installation structure of a solar cell module array is used for a sunlight power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The installation structure provides a high degree of safety since the positive and negative string cables are wired such that no electric short circuit will occur even in the event of a fire.
(WO200074210-A1)   NOVELTY - The machine has a rotor and a stator that has at least two independent a.c. (three-phase) windings that are electrically and/or spatially isolated from each other. The rotor has no damper cage or no damper windings. The machine has an arrangement that limits the short circuit torque to at most four times the rated torque, preferably to twice the rated torque.    USE - E.g. synchronous generator for a wind power system.    ADVANTAGE - The machine is simplified in construction and certain disadvantages are eliminated, e.g. very high costs.    NOVELTY - The installation has a rotor provided within a synchronous machine. A stator is provided within the synchronous machine, and includes independent three-phase systems electrically isolated from each other. A limiting unit is provided within the synchronous machine to limit short-circuit torque, which occurs in case of short-circuit at a stator winding to maximum of four times the rated torque, where the rotor does not have a damper cage or damper windings. The rotor and the stator are carried by a common axle journal, and the stator is held by a carrier.    USE - Wind power installation i.e. E-40 type wind power installation.    ADVANTAGE - The installation allows pole heads of the rotor to be of an approximately arrow-shaped configuration such that magnetic flux in an exciter pole can rapidly deflect in direction of rotation, so that dynamic decoupling of the exciter flux reduces short-circuit torque, thus providing drastic reduction in short-circuit moment, and hence achieving simplified machine design, while an overall stator carrier structure can be simplified considerably.
(EP1076407-A2)   NOVELTY - The solar powered HF transmitter and/or receiver has at least one solar cell (2) for converting incident solar radiation into electrical energy and a transmission and/or reception antenna with at least one antenna element, provided by one of the solar cell contacts. This is coupled to a signal separation device (5) for separating the DC components provided by the solar cell from the HF current components resulting from the electromagnetic waves.    USE - The solar-powered HF transmitter and/or receiver is used for satellite communications.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the solar cell contact as the antenna element provides a simplified construction and increased compactness.    (JP2001119226-A)   NOVELTY - The solar powered HF transmitter and/or receiver has at least one solar cell (2) for converting incident solar radiation into electrical energy and a transmission and/or reception antenna with at least one antenna element, provided by one of the solar cell contacts. This is coupled to a signal separation device (5) for separating the DC components provided by the solar cell from the HF current components resulting from the electromagnetic waves.    USE - The solar-powered HF transmitter and/or receiver is used for satellite communications.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the solar cell contact as the antenna element provides a simplified construction and increased compactness.
(FR2788884-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar panels used on a space vehicle has a number of rectangular panels (13). A number of panels are mechanically coupled together by hinges (40) and can be arranged in various configurations. The hinge elements are such that the panels can be folded in a zig zag stack such that they cover a small area when not in use.    USE - Solar panels for space vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Small area when not in use    (US6284967-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar panels used on a space vehicle has a number of rectangular panels (13). A number of panels are mechanically coupled together by hinges (40) and can be arranged in various configurations. The hinge elements are such that the panels can be folded in a zig zag stack such that they cover a small area when not in use.    USE - Solar panels for space vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Small area when not in use
(US6274804-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar energy cell is produced using thin film technology and consists of modules on a common substrate and are coupled using by pass diodes. The modules have front (4) and back (2) electrode layers and have an overlapping region (10,20). The photovoltaic active layer (3) is in between and has formed channels.    USE - As a solar energy module.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced power losses.
(EP1111567-A2)   NOVELTY - The physical training and planning unit includes a reader (1) to read numerical or stroke coded forms (9). There is also an evaluation unit (2) and a conception unit (3) to process and prepare a training plan. This takes account of the physiological and psychological data (7) which is printed or displayed (10), to monitor training progress. Data can be stored in the unit.    USE - For automatic preparation of physical training plans for example for weight training.    ADVANTAGE - Long manual entry processes are avoided and the plan can take account of a range of factors at each stage.
(WO200069523-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus comprises a sensor that measures a change in pressure; a processor that receives and processes the pressure signal, generating a display signal; a processor to receive the display signal and generates visual information corresponding to display signal; a display device providing a viewable representation of the visual information.    USE - This invention relates to apparatus that monitors the effort of a person performing a resistance exercise and provides feedback on that person's performance.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus provides quantitative data to the exerciser so that he/she can set performance goals and to track improvement whilst remaining motivated to continue with an exercise program.
(US2001011825-A1)   NOVELTY - Aeolian generator is constituted by a wide pipe (9) of low height between the wheels (3) of the car with an axis (15) coplanar with the front opening (10) and with radial blades (13) fixed on it. The shaft carries a gear at one end which cooperates with the transformer, which transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy.    USE - Aeolian energy generator for cars.    ADVANTAGE - The solution increases the working life of storage batteries.    (JP2001180397-A)   NOVELTY - Aeolian generator is constituted by a wide pipe (9) of low height between the wheels (3) of the car with an axis (15) coplanar with the front opening (10) and with radial blades (13) fixed on it. The shaft carries a gear at one end which cooperates with the transformer, which transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy.    USE - Aeolian energy generator for cars.    ADVANTAGE - The solution increases the working life of storage batteries.
(DE19924783-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar element (1) is included with a diffractive and/or refractive optical device (3) for guiding sunlight onto the solar element with vertical orientation.    USE - In solar installations.    ADVANTAGE - This device is simple to construct and can divert and/or concentrate light as required. During use with solar installations the optical device can convert light in a particularly efficient manner and the receiver is designed as a solar element that can stay fixed while the optical device pans the sun's condition.
(DE10108041-A1)   NOVELTY - In a purpose-designed module, the turbine (11) is driven by a pressurized water feed (20). Turbine mechanical energy output drives the air compressor (12) through a transmission system (19). The compressed air flows through a line (17) to a compressed air tank (13) where its energy is stored.    USE - To convert e.g. hydrodynamic-, wind-, solar-, tidal- or braking energy into stored pneumatic energy. Subsequent release drives e.g. an electrical generator.    ADVANTAGE - This method of energy storage and of subsequent use, avoids environmental pollution. Energy storage is a vital requirement of any generation system in which supply of, and demand for the energy are variable.
(FR2800441-A1)   NOVELTY - The waste incinerator with electricity generation uses a super-heater to feed high-pressure steam to a turbine connected to the generator. The super-heater (6C) providing the steam has an output (S) to which it is connected with the super-heater in a default configuration or by a secondary super-heater circuit (6A) to receive the steam when the main super-heater gains an elevated temperature and the super-heater is functioning normally.    USE - For electricity generation from waste.    ADVANTAGE - Allows for variations in waste quality and quantity.
(CN1283874-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.    (JP2001026500-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.    (JP2001111081-A)   NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.
(NL1013559-C2)   NOVELTY - Modules (1) having a water stream driven turbine (17), are submerged in water. The depth from the water level and direction viewed in the longitudinal direction of the turbine to the water flow direction of each module, is controlled by a control mechanism using a ballast weight, a rudder blade (35) rotatably mounted on a horizontal axis and another rudder blade (36) mounted rotatably on a vertical axis.    USE - For producing hydrogen from water.    ADVANTAGE - Produces hydrogen without polluting environment, or producing any harmful products, making use of gulf stream or tidal stream activated by moon phase. Makes use of inexhaustible natural source for driving the turbine. Aligns the module in line with the stream flow by forming the venturi channel, and by the remote controlled rudders. Avoids suspending the module one over the other by controlling the depth of each module. Provides access towers above the water level for accessing the modules for maintenance work, thereby enables maintenance of the module resulting in improving the yield. Prevents sea animal entering the housing by providing the grating in front of the housing. Facilitates storage of produced hydrogen by connecting each module to the storage tower with hydrogen transport lines. Facilitates transfer of hydrogen to tanker/shore.
(EP1102330-A2)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module comprises a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer. The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module has an excellent environmental resistance through the use of the back cover film having a high adhesive strength with the encapsulant resin.    (JP2001148497-A)   NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module comprises a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer. The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module has an excellent environmental resistance through the use of the back cover film having a high adhesive strength with the encapsulant resin.
(DE19948027-A1)   NOVELTY - The generator has a thermal-electrical energy converter in a generator housing into which air is fed from outside and a gas-air mixture is fed to a burner by a fan followed by a mixer. The part of the converter to be cooled is enclosed by a cooling container to which combustion air is fed from the surroundings into the base area. The heated air flows to the generator housing via the open top of the cooling container.    USE - For generating electrical energy from heat.    ADVANTAGE - Simplified so that there is no water-cooling of the converter, thereby eliminating the associated risks and costs.
(US6249057-B1)   NOVELTY - A gravity drive system (100) disposed in a chamber (14) releasably secures containers (120) and generates a first quantity of energy. A buoyancy drive system (200) is disposed in a chamber (16) for releasably securing containers (120) and generating a second quantity of energy. The drive systems are coupled to the external drive shafts (202,204).    USE - Hydrodynamics energy conversion apparatus for buildings, home appliances, automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - Harnesses quantity of wasted energy and convert it to a useful form of energy. Converts energy in the form of pressurized gas into shaft horse power.
(DE19948198-A1)   NOVELTY - The power station has a housing accommodating a generator consisting of a generator rotor and stator, whereby the generator is driven by a rotor connected to the generator rotor. The rotor can have at least one hollow propeller bearing a generator rotor and that can be flooded with water that can also be forced out again.    USE - For utilizing the energy of the ebb and flow and of ocean flows prevailing over all oceans of the world to generate electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The power station can be located where there is practically no adverse effect on the environment.
(JP3098003-B2)   NOVELTY - The lamination apparatus includes an upper chamber (10) and a lower chamber (12) divided with a diaphragm (9). A heat-generation board (11) which incorporates a heater is arranged in the lower chamber. One or more flexible heaters are arranged between the lower chamber and diaphragm.    USE - For laminating components of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents generation of curve and crack in processed object, especially a solar cell. Improves productivity by shortening time for raising temperature of processed object to required temperature.
(US6220033-B1)   NOVELTY - The energy conversion method uses a working fluid that has the ability to cycle between high and low molecular structures. The working fluid is dissociated in a compressor (10), a recuperative heat exchanger (30), and an external heater (50). The fluid is recombined in a prime mover (60), the recuperative heat exchanger (30), and an air heater for the external heater (50). The prime mover (60), such as a turbine, drives the compressor (10) and the shaft of a generator (70).    USE - To provide electrical or mechanical energy from any source of heat.    ADVANTAGE - Produces energy from any fuel source
(DE19921265-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar module (10) has upper and lower cover layers between which a solar generator (18) with a number of solar cells is sandwiched, the solar current terminals (28,30) of the generator incorporated in a plug socket (26) at one side of the solar module, which is sealed between the upper and lower cover layers of the solar module at the rear.    USE - The solar module is used for mounting on a vehicle, e.g. a motor home, a caravan or a boat.    ADVANTAGE - The plug socket is sealed between the cover layers to prevent penetration of water.    (DE19921265-C2)   NOVELTY - The solar module (10) has upper and lower cover layers between which a solar generator (18) with a number of solar cells is sandwiched, the solar current terminals (28,30) of the generator incorporated in a plug socket (26) at one side of the solar module, which is sealed between the upper and lower cover layers of the solar module at the rear.    USE - The solar module is used for mounting on a vehicle, e.g. a motor home, a caravan or a boat.    ADVANTAGE - The plug socket is sealed between the cover layers to prevent penetration of water.    (JP2001015789-A)   NOVELTY - The solar module (10) has upper and lower cover layers between which a solar generator (18) with a number of solar cells is sandwiched, the solar current terminals (28,30) of the generator incorporated in a plug socket (26) at one side of the solar module, which is sealed between the upper and lower cover layers of the solar module at the rear.    USE - The solar module is used for mounting on a vehicle, e.g. a motor home, a caravan or a boat.    ADVANTAGE - The plug socket is sealed between the cover layers to prevent penetration of water.
(WO200139278-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar panel, comprises a transparent panel (10) with a solar cell unit (18) containing crystalline solar cells. Connectors (22) link these to a collector electrode (14). This consists of a coating applied either directly to the panel or to an intermediate coating (12) and is in contact with the connectors on the side which is turned away from the panel    USE - For use in the sun roof of a car.
(DE10019807-A1)   NOVELTY - The oxide film contains dopant element formed by supplying silicon compound dopant to the silicon substrate surface in gaseous state and is heat-treated at predetermined temperature. The density of dopant element is high towards surface of substrate.    USE - For crystal system silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Forms anti-reflective coating on outermost surface and has high refractive index.
(JP2001060712-A)   NOVELTY - A material for a solar cell interconnector material for a solar cell interconnector comprises Ag in which is dispersed MgO or MgO and NiO. Preferably, the weight ratio of Ag to MgO or MgO and NiO satisfies the composition 0.03-3.3 wt.% MgO and balance Ag, or the composition: 0.01-1.7 wt.% MgO, 0.02-1.3 wt.% NiO and balance Ag.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The above material is markedly advantageous over a conventional material for a solar cell interconnector in that the product made therefrom has higher resistance to heat energy, i.e., it does not soften by heat and exhibits higher mechanical strength.
(US6274860-B1)   NOVELTY - Holographic planar concentrator (10') (HPC) consists of multiplexed holographic optical films (14,14') in which two ore more regions are angularly and spectrally multiplexed to collect the optical radiation into plates (12,12'), such that the radiation travels through both plates and optical films without any loss. The optical film is multiplexed to reduce the recoupling losses.    USE - E.g. window with solar electric power generation and day lighting with natural sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - Energy loss is reduced by having film with angularly and spectrally multiplexed regions. All of the solar spectrum particularly in the range of about 350-1400 nm are collected by using HPC. Tracking requirement for solar concentrators are reduced, design and manufacture of concentrators are simplified, thus the fabrication and material cost is minimized. Recoupling losses can be minimized, as optical film with angularly and spectrally multiplexed regions is used.
(JP2001068746-A)   NOVELTY - A thermoelectric converter comprises: (a) two substrates (1, 2) having an internal electrode (3, 4); (b) p-type and n-type elements (5, 6) made of thermoelectric materials, between the substrates, and pn junction by wiring of the internal electrode; and (c) an electrode junction layer (7, 8) formed on at least one of the elements, for joining to the internal electrode.    USE - For temperature-difference power generation based on the Seebeck and Peltier effects.    ADVANTAGE - The device is compact and thin, and is stable and inexpensive to manufacture.
(JP2001081917-A)   NOVELTY - The power apparatus has solar modules arranged so adjacent solar module edges are overlapped. It uses several solar cells (20) in series with its serial connecting direction set orthogonally to the modules' ranging direction. On ranging modules a side portion on lower side on which a module shadow on the upper side is cast is formed into a non-power generation area by removing the solar cells.    USE - As a solar powered electric power apparatus with several solar modules arranged so the edges of adjacent solar modules are overlapped.    ADVANTAGE - Provides superior output characteristics, in particular when a solar battery of an integrated construction is used.    (JP2001036125-A)   NOVELTY - The power apparatus has solar modules arranged so adjacent solar module edges are overlapped. It uses several solar cells (20) in series with its serial connecting direction set orthogonally to the modules' ranging direction. On ranging modules a side portion on lower side on which a module shadow on the upper side is cast is formed into a non-power generation area by removing the solar cells.    USE - As a solar powered electric power apparatus with several solar modules arranged so the edges of adjacent solar modules are overlapped.    ADVANTAGE - Provides superior output characteristics, in particular when a solar battery of an integrated construction is used.
(JP2001032068-A)   NOVELTY - A thin metal oxide film is deposited by a magnetron sputtering apparatus having a mobile magnet (16) for creating a magnetic field that reciprocates across a film deposition region. The magnet reciprocates not more than twice in depositing a thin metal oxide film.    USE - The invention is used for depositing a thin metal oxide film. It can be used in making a thin-film solar battery of a large area including a thin metal oxide film deposited on a photoelectric conversion layer of semiconductor.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a high quality thin metal oxide film. It can enhance output characteristics of a thin film solar battery.
(DE19932001-A1)   NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a first channel (10) for carrying a working medium (12) such as ammonia down into the earth, and a second cannel (14) for returning it to the surface. The two channels form a system that is closed to the earth. The medium is supplied downwards into the earth via a throttle region (15,16) which throttles the substantially liquid medium so that it assumes an evaporation pressure in front of the throttle region. The medium behind the throttle region is completely vaporizable.    USE - E.g. for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Increased efficiency of electric power generation and reduced cost.    (DE19953072-A1)   NOVELTY - The apparatus includes a first channel (10) for carrying a working medium (12) such as ammonia down into the earth, and a second cannel (14) for returning it to the surface. The two channels form a system that is closed to the earth. The medium is supplied downwards into the earth via a throttle region (15,16) which throttles the substantially liquid medium so that it assumes an evaporation pressure in front of the throttle region. The medium behind the throttle region is completely vaporizable.    USE - E.g. for electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Increased efficiency of electric power generation and reduced cost.
(JP2000286439-A)   NOVELTY - The photovoltaic module comprises an optically transparent substrate (11), a number of photovoltaic cells (12) arranged on the back surface of the substrate, a pair of busbars (13) for positive and negative electrodes, an electrical insulating filter (14), electrical insulating spacer (15), cover film (16), and a terminal box (17). Each busbar (13) includes the busbar body (13a) and an extension (13b) long enough to project from one end of the substrate.    USE - For setting on, e.g. roof of a building.    ADVANTAGE - The quality and yield of the photovoltaic module as well as the workability of the wiring unit are improved and the manufacturing costs is lowered.
(WO200057488-A1)   NOVELTY - The system has carrier elements (20) that form a carrier system lying in a plane, a holding element for the edge region of a component with a supporting surface whose distance from the upper side of the carrier element is greater than the thickness of the covered edge section of a part so that an air gap remains between a covered part (14) and an overlapping covering part (16). At least one securing element (46) is provided to fix the covered edge section of a part against displacement in the carrier element's longitudinal direction.    USE - For attaching plate-shaped components, especially photovoltaic modules.    ADVANTAGE - Can be mounted irrespective of the sub-structure and is suitable for large plate-shaped parts with an area greater than 0.5 m2, which it secures against being removed.
(JP2001044457-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes solar cells containing heavy-metal elements. The solar cells include a material capable of capturing heavy-metal elements, preferably at least one of a Chevrel compound and fiber glass. The fiber glass layer covers almost all the front and back sides of the solar cells and it is preferably bonded to the solar cells using plastic.    USE - None given.    (JP2001044458-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module includes solar cells containing heavy-metal elements. The solar cells include a material capable of capturing heavy-metal elements, preferably at least one of a Chevrel compound and fiber glass. The fiber glass layer covers almost all the front and back sides of the solar cells and it is preferably bonded to the solar cells using plastic.    USE - None given.
(US6177627-B1)   NOVELTY - The panel has base (10) having front surface (12) on which parallel rows (13) of solar cells (24) and self deploying reflectors (25) are alternatively arranged. Reflectors are arranged so that their longitudinal axes are parallel to rows. Each reflector has reflective sides (29,30) where reflecting sides on either sides of each row reflects incident light onto solar cells in deployed state of reflector.    USE - In spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Cost of manufacturing is reduced, as minimum number of functioning elements are used. The panel is foldable for storage where the reflectors collapse against opposing surface. Area of collection is maximized, as the sides of reflectors on either sides of each row reflects light onto interposed row.
(JP2000332275-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.    (JP2000332277-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.    (JP2001036126-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.    (JP2001007368-A)   NOVELTY - The protective sheet comprises a weather resistant sheet (1) an a deposited inorganic oxide thin film (2) formed on one surface of the weather resistant sheet.    USE - Protective sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has equivalent optical properties and durability to a glass sheet and is more flexible and lighter than a glass sheet. It has excellent workability and is easy to handle.
(JP2000312019-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell modules (103) are arranged in three rows of ten, six and four modules on the installable area (102) of a roof face (101) of a building. An incombustible partition plate divides the space into two halves. Five cells are connected in series to form strings (107, 108, 109, 110) connected in parallel by string cables (104). Selected positive and negative string cables pass through left (105a) and right (105b) entrapment holes and through a ridge side entrapment hole (105c).    USE - The installation structure of a solar cell module array is used for a sunlight power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The installation structure provides a high degree of safety since the positive and negative string cables are wired such that no electric short circuit will occur even in the event of a fire.    (CN1274174-A)   NOVELTY - Solar cell modules (103) are arranged in three rows of ten, six and four modules on the installable area (102) of a roof face (101) of a building. An incombustible partition plate divides the space into two halves. Five cells are connected in series to form strings (107, 108, 109, 110) connected in parallel by string cables (104). Selected positive and negative string cables pass through left (105a) and right (105b) entrapment holes and through a ridge side entrapment hole (105c).    USE - The installation structure of a solar cell module array is used for a sunlight power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The installation structure provides a high degree of safety since the positive and negative string cables are wired such that no electric short circuit will occur even in the event of a fire.
(EP1101937-A1)   NOVELTY - A thermal energy converting device, comprising a thermal converting body formed of a medium storing part (10) of which volume is not varied substantially and a variable part (11) of which volume is variable, an operating part formed of a piston (13), a rotating lever (15), and a drive lever (16), a first converting and storing part formed of a movement barrel (21), and a second converting and storing part formed of a generator (30), wherein, when an ambient temperature varies, a heating medium stored in the medium storage part (10) changes in volume, causing the volume.    USE - Thermal energy converting device.
(CN1274045-A)   NOVELTY - A float (16) connected to a ratchet wheel (24), is made to float on sea surface. The ratchet converts the bobbing of float, caused by bobbing of sea waves, to drive force for moving a transfer belt (28) in one direction. Several tubs (30) are connected to transfer belt for transferring sea water to a storage tank (32). The collector water is used for driving the turbine and generating electrical power.    USE - In hydroelectric power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Utilizes wave of sea water for drive energy for drawing water to drive turbine, thus electric power is generated, efficiently.
(CN1271964-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module is provided with a porous incombustible member having a structural strength between a photovoltaic element and a back face member of the cell.    USE - For use in solar cell power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is moisture proof, highly reliable, and light weight. Even when the solar cell module is burned, the photovoltaic element and surface member are not dropped out on a sheating roof board. It can be readily produced at a good yield and is reasonable in price.    (JP2000345675-A)   NOVELTY - A solar cell module is provided with a porous incombustible member having a structural strength between a photovoltaic element and a back face member of the cell.    USE - For use in solar cell power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is moisture proof, highly reliable, and light weight. Even when the solar cell module is burned, the photovoltaic element and surface member are not dropped out on a sheating roof board. It can be readily produced at a good yield and is reasonable in price.
(FR2788884-A1)   NOVELTY - The solar panels used on a space vehicle has a number of rectangular panels (13). A number of panels are mechanically coupled together by hinges (40) and can be arranged in various configurations. The hinge elements are such that the panels can be folded in a zig zag stack such that they cover a small area when not in use.    USE - Solar panels for space vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Small area when not in use    (US6284967-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar panels used on a space vehicle has a number of rectangular panels (13). A number of panels are mechanically coupled together by hinges (40) and can be arranged in various configurations. The hinge elements are such that the panels can be folded in a zig zag stack such that they cover a small area when not in use.    USE - Solar panels for space vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Small area when not in use
(RU2155271-C1)   NOVELTY - A device has operation which is based on the conversion of the global-energy thermal component (enthalpy) of an air flow into kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the flow represents an available force used by air turbines having generators connected thereto for producing electricity. This process is related to the temperature drop in the flow through the turbine, wherein said drop may reach 17% of the temperature of the flow entering the turbine inlet channel. This device may have several embodiments, e.g. for cooling air flows while condensing water vapors, in which case it is made in the form of an air-flow energy converter mounted on a column. The device may also be provided within a thermally insulated housing or made in the form of an aeronautic apparatus of the balloon, airship or airplane type. The aeronautic versions are used as atmospheric humidity condensers that simultaneously generate electricity, for creating artificial atmospheric precipitation, etc. These devices substantially reduce the energy consumption during air cooling, for instance, and during vapor condensation.    USE - Device for cooling a surrounding medium and for condensing vapors.
(NL1014370-C6)   NOVELTY - A tube like generator consists of galvanic materials which are separated at predetermined distance by a thermal insulator and interconnected in an electric circuit. The galvanic material generates electricity by Seebeck-Peltier-Thompson effect, when predetermined temperature difference of at least 5 degrees Centigrade is produced on both sides of the generator.    USE - For commercial generator.    ADVANTAGE - Protects assembly from environmental attack by covering with galvanic isolating material e.g. plastics. Provides large surface area and reduces manufacture cost. Simplifies installation in the road and asphalt concrete of varying temperature and water channel of low temperature. Reduces size by folding the assembly avoiding formation of short circuits. Increases efficiency, and provides low galvanic resistance and high thermal resistance.
(US6274804-B1)   NOVELTY - The solar energy cell is produced using thin film technology and consists of modules on a common substrate and are coupled using by pass diodes. The modules have front (4) and back (2) electrode layers and have an overlapping region (10,20). The photovoltaic active layer (3) is in between and has formed channels.    USE - As a solar energy module.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced power losses.
(DE10003274-A1)   NOVELTY - A system providing at least 2 components (1,2) of a gas-producing system in a fuel cell installation, especially for multi-stage reformation processes, using an evaporated and/or superheated hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon/water mixture, comprises either (A) at least 2 heat-exchangers with the zones (3b,4b) for heat energy supply connected in tandem; or (B) one or more heat-exchangers connected to a valve distributor.    USE - For fuel cells used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides the dynamic reaction capabilities required in the operation of fuel cell installations in vehicles and is flexible in terms of providing the amounts of gas required at different operating temperatures.
(DE10003275-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel is dosed into the flow of oxidative gas and waste gases from the fuel cell (3) and/or from the gas production system (2) ahead of catalytic combustion.    USE - To vaporize and/or superheat a fuel, especially methanol/water mixture, to supply a catalytic oxidative reactor releasing the heat required when feeding a fuel cell reformer. The equipment forms e.g. part of a fuel cell power plant for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A rapid dynamic response is achievable. Catalytic combustion is a particularly responsive method of realizing a large turndown ratio in a short interval. The system delivers increased power very rapidly, in reaction to demand. Oxidant addition takes place before catalytic combustion, requiring no further energy for fine distribution and/or for evaporation of the additional fuel used. Atomization to fine particles is all that is required to assure catalytic combustion. No separate source of heating or separate energy source (other fuel, electricity) is required.
(JP2001216989-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell humidification system comprises a humidification apparatus which is arranged across the air supply line (3) and gas discharge line (5). The humidification apparatus which is provided with the heater (21), humidifies air using moisture in the discharged gas. A switching device performs selective communication between air supply line and gas discharge line.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of humidification system ensures optimum operation of fuel cell, at the time of restart.
(WO200159904-A1)      The electrical network device (3) has an equalisation pulse generated between each 2 transmission pulses for providing a sum constant DC potential along the bus (1), with active current limitation.    A number of electrical network devices can be used in parallel for decentralised voltage supply, with a common transmission module (4) used for generating the equalisation pulses and provided with an energy store for storing energy between 2 transmission pulses.    USE -   Device is used for decentralised voltage supply of information and energy bus, e.g. vehicle onboard bus.    ADVANTAGE -   Several network devices may be used in parallel.
(DE10001064-A1)   NOVELTY - Steam reforming reactor comprises an alternating sequence of layers, each comprising a reforming zone (4) filled with an endothermic reforming catalyst, a heat-conducting partition (1) and a heating zone (2) containing an exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating (3), where the volume of the reforming zone is greater than that of the heating zone.    USE - The reactor is especially useful for converting hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives (e.g. methanol) to hydrogen for use in fuel cells, e.g. for motor vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating reduces the volume of the heating zone, thus providing a more compact reactor.
(JP2001157301-A)   NOVELTY - An electric machine (1) is provided in which a drive unit (4) drives an electric motor (5) by use of the electric power supplied from power supply (2) having a chargeable secondary cell, and a control unit (3) monitors, manages, and controls the drive unit and the whole machine. A portable device power supply (7) is provided to which a portable device (10) is connectable and which supplies power supplied from the power supply to the portable device connected and a portable device interface (16) communicates information with the connected portable device.    USE - Electric machine system.
(DE10102170-A1)   NOVELTY - A traction controller controls output of the drive wheels, so as to secure tractive force of the vehicle when a predetermined traction control start condition is satisfied. A fuel cell output controller controls output of a fuel cell, during traction control.    USE - For four wheel drive vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the traction controller restricts the output of drive wheels when one of the drive wheels slips at the time of start, the tractive force of the vehicle is improved, while at the same time improved transverse resistance and stability of the vehicle is assured, thereby driving performance of vehicle is improved.
(CN1290049-A)   NOVELTY - Several electrode terminals (204) protrude from electrode sheets of electrode element (202) and metal eyelet ring (210) joins with long and slender collection terminal (208). The collection terminal is attached to the lower side of the electroconductive cover (207).    USE - Electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As welding of electrode terminals with collection terminal is not needed, size and weight of secondary battery is reduced.    (DE10046885-A1)   NOVELTY - Several electrode terminals (204) protrude from electrode sheets of electrode element (202) and metal eyelet ring (210) joins with long and slender collection terminal (208). The collection terminal is attached to the lower side of the electroconductive cover (207).    USE - Electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As welding of electrode terminals with collection terminal is not needed, size and weight of secondary battery is reduced.
(JP2001216984-A)   NOVELTY - The humidifier (6) is used to humidify the air, which is the reaction gas, with the moisture in the exhaust gas and is connected between the gas supply passage (3) and the exhaust passage (5). The humidifier contains hollow strings densely bundled into a cylindrical casing connected to the exhaust gas inlet and outlet (14). Moisture is condensed and permeates the hollow string membrane and humidifies dry air from the air port (13). The air discharged from the air port (14) at the other end of the casing is humidified.    USE - To maintain the inlet gas at a suitable temperature to prevent the formation of dew.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents clogging of gas passage and membrane by dew.    (JP2001216985-A)   NOVELTY - The humidifier (6) is used to humidify the air, which is the reaction gas, with the moisture in the exhaust gas and is connected between the gas supply passage (3) and the exhaust passage (5). The humidifier contains hollow strings densely bundled into a cylindrical casing connected to the exhaust gas inlet and outlet (14). Moisture is condensed and permeates the hollow string membrane and humidifies dry air from the air port (13). The air discharged from the air port (14) at the other end of the casing is humidified.    USE - To maintain the inlet gas at a suitable temperature to prevent the formation of dew.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents clogging of gas passage and membrane by dew.
(EP1122871-A2)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor switch (QA) controls supply of electric power from power supply (101) to load (102) in accordance with control signal. Generators (Q2,Q3) generate reference current based on which reference voltage is generated. A control unit controls ON/OFF state of switch (QA) in accordance with the detection of difference between voltage between terminals of semiconductor switch and reference voltage.    USE - For supplying electric power source from battery to respective loads such as head light, drive motors in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Does not require the shunt resistor which is connected in server to the power supply path for the current detection, and hence the heat loss of the device is suppressed. The ON/OFF control process for the semiconductor switch is realized by hardware circuit without using microcomputer, hence the packaging space is reduced which results in considerable reduction in device cost.    (JP2001216033-A)   NOVELTY - A semiconductor switch (QA) controls supply of electric power from power supply (101) to load (102) in accordance with control signal. Generators (Q2,Q3) generate reference current based on which reference voltage is generated. A control unit controls ON/OFF state of switch (QA) in accordance with the detection of difference between voltage between terminals of semiconductor switch and reference voltage.    USE - For supplying electric power source from battery to respective loads such as head light, drive motors in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Does not require the shunt resistor which is connected in server to the power supply path for the current detection, and hence the heat loss of the device is suppressed. The ON/OFF control process for the semiconductor switch is realized by hardware circuit without using microcomputer, hence the packaging space is reduced which results in considerable reduction in device cost.
(DE10048160-A1)   NOVELTY - Dimethyl ether modification catalyst comprises copper and strong acid on which transition metal(s) except copper is supported.    USE - For generating hydrogen which is used in fuel cells for power generation (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of electricity generation by fuel cell is improved when dimethyl ether modification catalyst is used as a reformer. The catalyst modifies dimethyl ether and generates hydrogen of high concentration.
(DE10052174-A1)   NOVELTY - The hydrogen fuel system includes solenoid valves (4a,4b) to open-close the transportation routes (3a,3b) respectively depending on shock of the vehicle.    USE - For vehicle e.g. passenger car, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The system prevents the reaction of hydrogen during accident.
(DE19958830-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (10) has a fuel cell (11) provided with an anode chamber (12) with a fuel inlet (13) and outlet (14) and a cathode chamber (16) with an oxidizing agent inlet (17) and outlet (18). A fuel generation device (20) uses a starting material, e.g. methanol or gasoline, for preparation of fuel under high pressure, the fuel inlet and/or outlet provided with a pressure regulator (40,41), with further pressure regulators (42-46) between individual fuel cell reactor elements (23,24,25,26).    USE - The fuel cell system is used for powering an electric drive motor for an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The production of fuel under pressure allows the fuel cell components to be kept as small as possible.
(DE19958405-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has an ion-conducting electrolyte membrane (1) provided with electrodes (3) on opposite sides and current and gas distribution structures (7) on both the anode and cathode sides, positioned directly adjacent the corresponding electrode, without insertion of a current collector. The current and gas distribution structures have a microscopic channel structure with at least one structural size of less than 500 microns.    USE - The electrochemical cell is used as a fuel cell or an electrolyzer.    ADVANTAGE - The need for current collectors is eliminated.
(JP2001172651-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel oil for fuel cells is based on a desulfurized light naphtha in which the weight ratio of isoparaffins to normal paraffins is at least 1. Isomeric desulfurized naphtha light naphtha can be used.    USE - The fuel oil is for a fuel cell suitable for an automobile and a hybrid engine.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced with good efficiency, does not affect adversely a reformation catalyst or an electrode of a fuel cell and is reduced in deterioration of a reformation catalyst etc.
(EP1117138-A1)   NOVELTY - Prismatic battery modules (2) are arranged parallel with each other in a condition such that their side faces of largest area face each other. The cooling structure comprises a number of spacers (6) made of a metallic material and interposed between mutually opposed side faces (2a) of the battery modules. The spacers are configured such as to form cooling medium passages between the battery modules. The spacers are made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and are made of a sheet material formed with alternating angular ridges and grooves.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits excellent cooling performance.
(DE10101058-A1)   NOVELTY - The power supply circuit has a battery, a first converter and a second converter.    USE - For vehicle supplying electrical power to a load, such as bulbs or motors, from a high voltage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement allows the first or main converter to supply a high voltage load, and the second or sub converter to supply a dark current when the load is not being operated. In this way battery discharge can be prevented.
(WO200125312-A1)   NOVELTY - Sulfonated polyimides, ion-exchange membranes and fuel cells are new.    USE - In production of ion exchange, ion conducting membranes for use in low temperature fuel cells (especially membranes separating anode and cathode compartments of cells working in systems comprising hydrogen, alcohols (methanol) for anode, and oxygen, air for cathode).    ADVANTAGE - High chemical and electrochemical resistance of membranes increases service life of fuel cell.
(JP2001171580-A)   NOVELTY - A battery (63) is arranged in front of luggage box (61) placed on the frame (11) of a two-wheeled vehicle. The battery feeds the power unit (19) mounted on the rear wheel (17). A seat (62) is serving as a cover for the luggage box and the battery.    USE - Battery arranging construction for two-wheeled vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The vehicle can be designed freely.
(DE19958404-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-stage unit for selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a stream of hydrogen (H2)-rich gas mixture, in which each stage has CO oxidation zone(s), can be cooled and can be supplied with oxidant on the inlet side, has not less than 3 cooled CO oxidation stages. The first two have a common cooling cycle; and the third has an independent cooler and is a combination reactor, in which the cooler is used for reforming a H2-rich medium.    USE - The unit is especially useful for removing CO from H2-rich reformate from a mobile gas generator in fuel cell-operated vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit allows optimum utilization of the thermal energy in the system, e.g. in the vaporizer and/or reformer, and is suitable for dynamic installation. The individual stages are very compact and hence can be installed cost-effectively.    (US2001005498-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-stage unit for selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a stream of hydrogen (H2)-rich gas mixture, in which each stage has CO oxidation zone(s), can be cooled and can be supplied with oxidant on the inlet side, has not less than 3 cooled CO oxidation stages. The first two have a common cooling cycle; and the third has an independent cooler and is a combination reactor, in which the cooler is used for reforming a H2-rich medium.    USE - The unit is especially useful for removing CO from H2-rich reformate from a mobile gas generator in fuel cell-operated vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit allows optimum utilization of the thermal energy in the system, e.g. in the vaporizer and/or reformer, and is suitable for dynamic installation. The individual stages are very compact and hence can be installed cost-effectively.
(JP2001145375-A)   NOVELTY - A structure comprises a piezoelectric ceramics plate (1) formed by two plate-shaped piezoelectric ceramics elements (1a,1b) which are layered and joined to each other with inverse polarization. Electricity is generated by beating one or both surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics plate with a hard beater (4) to excite flexural vibration in the piezoelectric plate. The structure is supported by a cushion member (3) and carries a protector plate (2).    USE - For use on bicycle or shoes for turning on light emitting diode, for watch and portable telephone, and for turning on buoy.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent generating efficiency is obtained with simplified structure.    (WO200137417-A1)   NOVELTY - A structure comprises a piezoelectric ceramics plate (1) formed by two plate-shaped piezoelectric ceramics elements (1a,1b) which are layered and joined to each other with inverse polarization. Electricity is generated by beating one or both surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramics plate with a hard beater (4) to excite flexural vibration in the piezoelectric plate. The structure is supported by a cushion member (3) and carries a protector plate (2).    USE - For use on bicycle or shoes for turning on light emitting diode, for watch and portable telephone, and for turning on buoy.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent generating efficiency is obtained with simplified structure.
(WO200147736-A1)      A fuel-cell installation as an energy-carrier of the drive- unit of a vehicle, comprises at least one fuel-cell stack having at least two fuel-cell units and supply lines and a housing and/or at least one end-plate and/or an outermost pole-plate.    At least one fuel-cell stack is part of the chassis. The part of the chassis formed by part of the fuel-cell stack is specifically a force-receiving component of the vehicle chassis, and the height of at least one fuel-cell stack is less than/equal to 200mm.    ADVANTAGE -   Fuel-cell installation, comprising one or more stacks, integrated into vehicle chassis with no additional components required.
(WO200148847-A2)      A fuel-cell plant includes a device for emergency switch-off or disconnection, the latter device comprising several sensors and a measurement- and control-device.    As soon as the danger arises that a critical operating state could be reached, the plant and/or the reformer are automatically switched off or disconnected, decoupled from the fuel supply and/ or the devices for current- and/or voltage-transfer, such as electric leads, distributor etc, are removed.    USE -   For electro-traction applications.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides safety measures for fuel-cell plant.
(DE19962947-A1)   NOVELTY - Container (G) for receiving a carbon- and hydrogen-containing fluid (B) comprises an inlet (E) and an outlet (A) for the fluid with an admission device (D) for cleaning the fluid arranged between the inlet and the outlet.    USE - For supplying a fuel cell system with an operating agent in a tank of a vehicle, for purifying methanol and for purifying dimethylether (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Impurities can be easily removed from the fluid.    (JP2001185188-A)   NOVELTY - Container (G) for receiving a carbon- and hydrogen-containing fluid (B) comprises an inlet (E) and an outlet (A) for the fluid with an admission device (D) for cleaning the fluid arranged between the inlet and the outlet.    USE - For supplying a fuel cell system with an operating agent in a tank of a vehicle, for purifying methanol and for purifying dimethylether (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Impurities can be easily removed from the fluid.
(DE19962684-A1)      A fuel-cell installation as a drive-unit for a vehicle, in which it is guaranteed that the installation, with a preceding inoperative phase of up to 24 hr, delivers in less than a minute half of its maximum power, and/or with a preceding inoperative phase of up to 3 weeks, after 5min. at the most, delivers half of its maximum power.    The fuel-cell installation comprises at least one high- temperature (HTM-) polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel-cell.    USE -   PEM-fuel-cell technology, preferably high-temperature (HT-) polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel-cells.    ADVANTAGE -   Attractive power system, and/or user-friendly service/maintenance intervals.
(DE10053169-A1)   NOVELTY - Storage battery (1) has high voltage DC power supply unit (1b) and low voltage DC power supply unit (1a) connected in series. The power supply units (1a,1b) are connected to output and input sides of DC-DC converter (5), respectively. Voltage detectors (8,9) detect output voltage of high and low voltage supplement units (4,6) connected to respective DC power supply units (1b,1a).    USE - For motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to supply desired DC voltage stably without using two kinds of storage batteries. Achieves size reduction by simplifying the structure, thus reduces installation space.
(DE19956375-A1)   NOVELTY - Flame coloring additive for methanol contains sodium chloride and/or an organic compound of a group 1a, 2a, 3b or 9b element.    USE - Used in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system is provided with a sufficient flame coloration.
(WO200139350-A2)   NOVELTY - The system has a first and second electronic terminals connected between a starter and a starter battery and between the starter and a system battery. A power switch connected between the system battery and the starter battery can be controlled by a signal detecting generator stimulation, whereby the system specific load is permanently associated with the system battery and the starter specific load with the starter battery.    USE - For a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enable starting and charge management of a two-battery system with a protected starter cable.
(JP3094099-B2)   NOVELTY - A solid state oxide low temperature operating type fuel battery and a solid state oxide high temperature operating type fuel battery are mutually connected. The low temperature operating battery performs partial oxidation reaction of a hydrocarbon fuel and the high temperature operating battery performs oxidation reaction of gas coming out from the first battery, resulting in electricity generation.    USE - For battery powered motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The running efficiency of the solid state oxide type fuel battery using a hydrocarbon group fuel, is increased. The structure of the peripheral equipment for battery is simplified and cell is lightweight and compact. The battery can be used as power source for movable type and still standing type machine especially as power source for motor vehicle. High cogeneration system efficiency is obtained.
(DE19955929-A1)   NOVELTY - An autothermal reaction is initiated in a primary zone between the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing fluid to heat the reformer to the required temperature, followed by an injection of water. A reforming process is then effected in a secondary zone in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - The system can be used for the generation of gas for fuel cells, possible for use in automobiles to generate electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The automatic reformer, once initiated, rapidly attains the required temperature, and minimizes the production of undesirable by-products such as soot.
(JP2001151047-A)   NOVELTY - An engine stop detecting circuit (16) detects the stop of the engine according to the L signal of the regulator IC (19), and shuts down the breaker (11) through the driving circuit (17). Overcurrent detecting circuits (C1 - Cm) detect the overcurrent according to the detecting values of the current detecting circuits, and shut down the breaker. An idling-up instruction circuit (13) detects the increase of the feeding current, and instructs the idling-up. A low voltage detecting circuit (15) detects the lowering of the output voltage of the battery (1) and shuts down the breaker.    USE - For monitoring electrical power supply condition when power from battery is supplied to electric devices e.g. television receiver, ice box or hot box, or cleaner, through feed socket in car.    ADVANTAGE - Feed socket cannot be used during engine stop, and consumption of battery energy at time of engine stop can be assuredly prevented.    (JP2001157372-A)   NOVELTY - An engine stop detecting circuit (16) detects the stop of the engine according to the L signal of the regulator IC (19), and shuts down the breaker (11) through the driving circuit (17). Overcurrent detecting circuits (C1 - Cm) detect the overcurrent according to the detecting values of the current detecting circuits, and shut down the breaker. An idling-up instruction circuit (13) detects the increase of the feeding current, and instructs the idling-up. A low voltage detecting circuit (15) detects the lowering of the output voltage of the battery (1) and shuts down the breaker.    USE - For monitoring electrical power supply condition when power from battery is supplied to electric devices e.g. television receiver, ice box or hot box, or cleaner, through feed socket in car.    ADVANTAGE - Feed socket cannot be used during engine stop, and consumption of battery energy at time of engine stop can be assuredly prevented.
(DE19956935-A1)   NOVELTY - The method involves associating characteristics with the definable components containing a normalized assessment value depending on the power and the current distribution of the power is performed depending on the characteristics according to a definable optimization principle. The optimization criterion is selected as an even power balance.    USE - Especially for distributing the available power in a vehicle electrical system with a number of components, including at least a generator, a battery and a number of loads.    ADVANTAGE - Enables an even battery charge balance to be achieved.    (JP2001206170-A)   NOVELTY - The method involves associating characteristics with the definable components containing a normalized assessment value depending on the power and the current distribution of the power is performed depending on the characteristics according to a definable optimization principle. The optimization criterion is selected as an even power balance.    USE - Especially for distributing the available power in a vehicle electrical system with a number of components, including at least a generator, a battery and a number of loads.    ADVANTAGE - Enables an even battery charge balance to be achieved.
(JP2001196102-A)   NOVELTY - The controlling apparatus controls the input and output from a battery pack that consists of multiple cell blocks (10A) connected in series. The unusual heating detection section (4) detects unusual heating of one or more cells (10B) based on the internal resistance of each block (10A) and the threshold value which is set by the threshold value setting section (4B).    USE - To detect heating by calculating internal resistance and comparing with a threshold value e.g. for hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Doe not require temperature sensor on each cell, controls temperature increase of cells.
(WO200148776-A1)   NOVELTY - The method involves supplying a current through an inductive component (1) with a voltage during a flow phase, which is larger during a first part of the flow phase than a second part. The inductive component is subject to a constant voltage (UK) generated by a constant voltage source (13) during the first part of the flow phase and to a supply voltage (UB) during the second part of the flow phase.    USE - To supply current through inductive component. For control device in vehicle, e.g. fuel injection device.    ADVANTAGE - Simple and effective method uses circuit with fewer components. Improved supply of current during flow phase and start of flow phase.
(JP2001095107-A)   NOVELTY - A hybrid-driven vehicle (1) is provided with a vehicle controller (5) receiving control signals from a user input device (26) and data from a nonvolatile memory (27) and a timer (28) to drive the vehicle . A motor driver controls an electric motor (31) according to speed change command signals from the controller.    USE - Controlling the power source of a hybrid-driven mobile body with a motor, a fuel cell and a secondary battery. For power systems applied to vehicles and watercrafts.    ADVANTAGE - Stable running of vehicle and preventing capacity shortage.
(JP2001155712-A)   NOVELTY - The battery includes positive and negative electrode plates (1,2) spirally wound with a separator (6) between them. Current collectors (7,8) are welded to the upper and lower ends of the electrode plate assembly. The electrode assembly and current collectors are housed in a metal casing (10) that is closed by a sealing plate (11). The upper current collector (7) and the sealing plate (11) are connected through a lead terminal (9) that is welded in position.    USE - For high current applications such as power tools and electric vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Can withstand severe vibration, and is reliable over a long period of time
(JP2001180907-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (EP1110907-A1)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (JP2001199707-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (JP2001220109-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.
(GB2357641-A)   NOVELTY - The DC-DC converter (200) includes a pair of 36 and 12 volt terminals (205,290) coupled to corresponding batteries. A start aid terminal (280) exchanges energy between converter and external vehicle electrical system. The energy is exchanged between the terminals (205,290) and start aid terminal independent of voltage and polarity of external vehicle electrical system or battery charger.    USE - For use with energy management system of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the energy is exchanged between nominal voltage terminals and start aid terminal independent of voltage and polarity of external vehicle electrical system or battery charger, vehicles having electrical systems employing widely different voltages such as motor cycles (6V), vehicles (12V), trucks (24V) and other vehicles (42V) are enabled to provide a jump start to motor vehicle and are also enabled to receive a jump-start from other motor vehicle via the start aid terminal.    (DE10063289-A1)   NOVELTY - The DC-DC converter (200) includes a pair of 36 and 12 volt terminals (205,290) coupled to corresponding batteries. A start aid terminal (280) exchanges energy between converter and external vehicle electrical system. The energy is exchanged between the terminals (205,290) and start aid terminal independent of voltage and polarity of external vehicle electrical system or battery charger.    USE - For use with energy management system of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the energy is exchanged between nominal voltage terminals and start aid terminal independent of voltage and polarity of external vehicle electrical system or battery charger, vehicles having electrical systems employing widely different voltages such as motor cycles (6V), vehicles (12V), trucks (24V) and other vehicles (42V) are enabled to provide a jump start to motor vehicle and are also enabled to receive a jump-start from other motor vehicle via the start aid terminal.
(JP2001215116-A)   NOVELTY - The control circuit includes a power supply (10) comprising a bias voltage supply and a surge protection circuit. Position sensors (2,3) receive the surge protected voltage and a microprocessor (5) receives position data from the sensors. The position sensor measures position values relating to the physical position of the transmission shifter before and after a period of time. Based upon a comparison of the two reference values, the measured position values are adjusted.    USE - To compensate automatic gear changers for variations in temperature.    ADVANTAGE - Does not require a separate voltage surge protection.
(DE10052195-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel-cell electrode comprises an ion conductive substance (12), an electron conductive substance (14b, 16b), and catalytic activation substances (14a, 16a). The catalytic activation substances are in contact with both the ion conductive substance and the electron conductive substance.    USE - For use in fuel cell of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel-cell electrode achieves a high catalyst utilization ratio, and ensures higher output characteristics with a smaller amount of catalyst.    (JP2001118583-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel-cell electrode comprises an ion conductive substance (12), an electron conductive substance (14b, 16b), and catalytic activation substances (14a, 16a). The catalytic activation substances are in contact with both the ion conductive substance and the electron conductive substance.    USE - For use in fuel cell of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel-cell electrode achieves a high catalyst utilization ratio, and ensures higher output characteristics with a smaller amount of catalyst.
(JP2001136678-A)   NOVELTY - The power supply system has a main battery (10) that supplies power to another battery (17) via a DC/DC converter (12) thereby charging this battery (17) which drives a load (18) and a bulb (22). A control unit (14) determines the ambient temperature of the battery (17) to be charged, and controls the converter (12) so that the charging current increases if the ambient temperature decreases.    USE - To adjust charging rate according to load characteristics e.g. for vehicle lights.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deterioration of load characteristics
(WO200136232-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery system is designed, so that between the starter (4) and the starter battery (2) at least one starter switch is arranged.    USE - Two battery system for a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Two battery system and method for its control which facilitates a simple starting and charging management for the starting battery. It also provides a simple and a cost effective redn. of the fire risk.
(DE19953404-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has at least one membrane-electrode unit with proton conducting membrane electrolyte membrane between an anode and a cathode, the anode and cathode sides of the electrolyte membrane provided with respective gas distribution structures, having channels for feeding the anode or cathode gas from an entry region to an exit region. A coolant distribution structure has channels for leading a coolant gas from an entry region to an exit region, with an overlap between the coolant gas entry region and the cathode gas exit region, for condensation of the water vapor in the discharged cathode gas.    USE - The fuel cell stack is used for generating electrical power, e.g. for an electrically-operated vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The condensation of the water vapor within the fuel cell is effected without reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell stack.
(JP2001177918-A)   NOVELTY - The method is comprised of the following steps: detecting battery voltage and battery current repeatedly; estimating a constant-power voltage on the basis of the battery voltage and the battery current; setting a target voltage; comparing the constant-power-discharge voltage with the target voltage to provide a difference between them; and charging or discharging the battery to reduce the difference when the battery is not operated. The constant-power voltage is set as a function of a remaining capacity of the battery when a preset constant power is charged to or discharged from the battery.    USE - For self-generation electric vehicle such as hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures accurate control of battery condition.
(FR2800916-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery has a battery block casing enclosing a number of battery cells and a cooperating battery cover, with the individual battery cells closed by venting valves, coupled to a central venting opening (6). The venting valves are incorporated in a valve rail (5) extending across all the battery cells and permanently secured to the battery cover, so that each venting valve seals a filling opening for each battery cell provided in the battery cover.    USE - The battery can be used as a starter battery for an automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The valve rail incorporating the venting valves can be pre-fabricated and the valves can be tested before fitting to the battery.
(NL1013559-C2)   NOVELTY - Modules (1) having a water stream driven turbine (17), are submerged in water. The depth from the water level and direction viewed in the longitudinal direction of the turbine to the water flow direction of each module, is controlled by a control mechanism using a ballast weight, a rudder blade (35) rotatably mounted on a horizontal axis and another rudder blade (36) mounted rotatably on a vertical axis.    USE - For producing hydrogen from water.    ADVANTAGE - Produces hydrogen without polluting environment, or producing any harmful products, making use of gulf stream or tidal stream activated by moon phase. Makes use of inexhaustible natural source for driving the turbine. Aligns the module in line with the stream flow by forming the venturi channel, and by the remote controlled rudders. Avoids suspending the module one over the other by controlling the depth of each module. Provides access towers above the water level for accessing the modules for maintenance work, thereby enables maintenance of the module resulting in improving the yield. Prevents sea animal entering the housing by providing the grating in front of the housing. Facilitates storage of produced hydrogen by connecting each module to the storage tower with hydrogen transport lines. Facilitates transfer of hydrogen to tanker/shore.
(US6285191-B1)   NOVELTY - The inventive system enables vehicle (V) battery current to be measured without the need to add additional sensor apparatus, by using the existing battery (1) connection wiring. One of the battery terminals will normally be connected to a reference point (8) such as the vehicle chassis. By measuring the voltage across such connecting cable (3), and knowing its resistance, the battery current on charge or discharge may be computed by circuitry (22), input via analogue-to-digital (ADC) converter (20). The battery may thus be monitored, using cable (3) as a shunt. In an alternative embodiment voltage across a battery-connected cable may be monitored and input to auto-calibration circuitry. In this case, accurate current measurement may be made without knowledge of the exact resistance of the cable across which voltage is monitored.    USE - For monitoring vehicle, e.g. automobile, aircraft, bus or marine vessel, battery current, both on charge and discharge, using one or both of the service cables connected to the battery.    ADVANTAGE - Simple, efficient system, not requiring additional measurement sensor circuitry, thus economizing in cost, and also avoiding possible power loss from resistive heating in such additional shunt circuitry, also saving possible unnecessary fuel consumption in the vehicle.
(JP2001124805-A)   NOVELTY - A non-isolated type voltage sensor (16) detects the voltage of a high voltage battery (15) e.g. 42V, and converts the value to a current which it transmits to a battery controller (17) through a wire harness (19). The sensor is fed via a dividing circuit (Rd,Rf) and the voltage follower (18) feeds a voltage-to-current conversion circuit (20) comprising an amplifier (21) and FET (Q1).    USE - Provides an improved non-isolated type voltage sensor for an automobile battery.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids problems arising from variation in location of the junction box position and harness used with different vehicle types, being able to send a detected voltage accurately and independently of cable length.
(JP2001124804-A)   NOVELTY - The current detector is activated when a circuit is switched on and the bases of two transistors (Q1,Q2) in the mirror circuit (7) are grounded through a switch (10), thus forcing current to flow into the bases of the transistors. Part of the load current is shunted via a resistor (R1) and an output voltage (Vout) proportional to a load current (IL) can be obtained from a second resistor (R2). The load current can be found from the output voltage.    USE - To monitor current drain in battery powered circuits e.g. computer, vehicle circuit    ADVANTAGE - Can monitor both small and large currents
(US6255826-B1)   NOVELTY - The battery, which comprises a number of battery cells (30) connected in series, is divided into a number of blocks (10) of at least one cell each.    USE - For measuring the voltage of a battery formed from a number of cells connected in series and detecting breakage of a voltage-measuring line. In particular, for use in parallel hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The meter is capable of immediately detecting a breakage in a voltage-measuring line.    (JP2001116776-A)   NOVELTY - The battery, which comprises a number of battery cells (30) connected in series, is divided into a number of blocks (10) of at least one cell each.    USE - For measuring the voltage of a battery formed from a number of cells connected in series and detecting breakage of a voltage-measuring line. In particular, for use in parallel hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The meter is capable of immediately detecting a breakage in a voltage-measuring line.    (CN1293370-A)   NOVELTY - The battery, which comprises a number of battery cells (30) connected in series, is divided into a number of blocks (10) of at least one cell each.    USE - For measuring the voltage of a battery formed from a number of cells connected in series and detecting breakage of a voltage-measuring line. In particular, for use in parallel hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The meter is capable of immediately detecting a breakage in a voltage-measuring line.
(WO200128804-A1)   NOVELTY - Control and adjustment method for switching position of switch connection between electric outputs of fuel cell in mobile system, and mains network insulated in mobile system    USE - For controlling switching position of switch connection between electric outputs of fuel cell arranged in a mobile system.    ADVANTAGE - Safety measures are provided to reduce any risk of harm to persons, or damage to part of the mobile system. Monitoring is carried out by sensors and during operation, and any uncontrolled of hydrogen from the fuel cell is detected. The high and low voltage mains are insulated from each other.
(JP2001155761-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has at least one stack of individual cells in which each stack is formed by fixing of end plates.    USE - Providing electromotive power for motors of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Solves at least one of five problems and simultaneously avoids a size increase of a stack size. The problems relate to the cooling using cold water, leading away of water produced by the reactions, and the insulating characteristics of cell. Also ensuring water tightness and protecting stack against ingress of dust or contamination, and finally providing mechanism for applying elastic force on the stacked cells.    (JP2001110439-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has at least one stack of individual cells in which each stack is formed by fixing of end plates.    USE - Providing electromotive power for motors of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Solves at least one of five problems and simultaneously avoids a size increase of a stack size. The problems relate to the cooling using cold water, leading away of water produced by the reactions, and the insulating characteristics of cell. Also ensuring water tightness and protecting stack against ingress of dust or contamination, and finally providing mechanism for applying elastic force on the stacked cells.
(GB2355577-A)   NOVELTY - The system comprises a low temperature fuel cell and reactor system, with a reformer for converting fuel containing hydrogen into reformed gas, which includes hydrogen gas flow and secondary product gas flow.    USE - Fuel cell power production system, for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell reacts quickly to large power demands. Does not have to consider carbon monoxide or other harmful gases. The motor of an electric vehicle can start in less than 3 seconds. The fuel cell power generation system is lighter, smaller and more economic than other fuel cells.
(DE19953373-A1)   NOVELTY - The onboard voltage supply has a DC/DC converter (10) coupled to the vehicle battery (12), for supplying an output voltage of given amplitude, with a load selection device (14) coupling a selected electrical load group (16,18) to the DC/DC converter output, delivering a maximum current which is less than the sum of the current requirements of all the electrical loads. The load group coupled to the DC/DC converter output can be selected in accordance with safety priorities, the different load groups never operated simultaneously, e.g. the load groups are applicable to different temperature ranges.    USE - The voltage supply is used in automobile for supplying different electrical loads, e.g. front windscreen heating, a cooling fan motor, or an electric heater for the automobile passenger compartment.    ADVANTAGE - The voltage supply allows a single DC/DC converter to be used for at least 2 different load groups.
(DE19963522-A1)   NOVELTY - Method of using alloy in corrosive environment of hot molten salt containing at least one of chlorides and alkali oxides involves using alloy containing (wt.%): 20-40 nickel, 8 or less chromium, 0.05 or less carbon, 0.5 or less silicon, 1 or less manganese, 0.05 or less sulfur and the remainder is iron. The alloy composition maintains corrosion resistance against hot metal salts.    USE - The alloy is used in structural materials used in corrosive environment of hot metal salt containing at least one of chloride and alkali oxide. The alloy is used as a structural material for treating hot molten salts (claimed) e..g fuel cell. The material is a plate, a bar, a pipe, a valve, a fitting or a flange (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The alloy steel contains low chromium content and provides corrosion resistance against hot molten salts even at high as well as low temperature. The alloy has superior workability and can be processed into plates, bars and pipes.    (JP2001158946-A)   NOVELTY - Method of using alloy in corrosive environment of hot molten salt containing at least one of chlorides and alkali oxides involves using alloy containing (wt.%): 20-40 nickel, 8 or less chromium, 0.05 or less carbon, 0.5 or less silicon, 1 or less manganese, 0.05 or less sulfur and the remainder is iron. The alloy composition maintains corrosion resistance against hot metal salts.    USE - The alloy is used in structural materials used in corrosive environment of hot metal salt containing at least one of chloride and alkali oxide. The alloy is used as a structural material for treating hot molten salts (claimed) e..g fuel cell. The material is a plate, a bar, a pipe, a valve, a fitting or a flange (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The alloy steel contains low chromium content and provides corrosion resistance against hot molten salts even at high as well as low temperature. The alloy has superior workability and can be processed into plates, bars and pipes.
(FR2800516-A1)   NOVELTY - The battery (10) has a housing that accepts individual accumulators (12, 12a-d), supporting them so that cooling air can circulate around the accumulators. The accumulators are placed in recesses in longitudinal support rails (30). These rails can then be stacked side-by-side and joined together by a fastening passing through holes (76) along the rails.    USE - Batteries for electrically powered vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Modular construction of battery allows adaptation to different battery compartment shapes in different vehicles, avoiding the need to make batteries in different shapes for different vehicles.
(JP2001095299-A)   NOVELTY - An inverter (5) is connected between high and low voltage batteries. Switching devices (8,9) control the power feed from the high voltage battery (6) to the inverter and from the inverter to the low voltage battery (7). The voltage at the direct current side is controlled to be higher than that of the high voltage battery when a battery controller (12) controlling the switching devices breaks down.    USE - Vehicle power feed system.    ADVANTAGE - Allows the vehicle to run without stopping if the battery controller breaks down.
(DE19954306-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell electricity generation device has an intermediate electrical energy store (26), charged via a DC/DC converter (19) during the operation of the fuel cell (8) and coupled to an associated control device (29), for providing the battery starting energy for the automobile and supplying electrical loads connected to the fuel cell energy network upon an increased power requirement.    USE - The fuel cell electricity generation device is used in automobile with an electric propulsion drive..    ADVANTAGE - The electrical energy store provides the auxiliary energy for starting and operating the fuel cell and allows the power output of the fuel cell to be supplemented for improved acceleration.
(EP1094586-A2)   NOVELTY - An output current control circuit is connected between system power supply (20) and load (22) for controlling output current level. The load voltage and reference voltage are compared to provide voltage stabilization control signal, which selectively activates power supply control circuit only when the load current does not exceed a predetermined level.    USE - For controlling power supplied to load in automobile system.    ADVANTAGE - The system power supply is protected from damage by short circuit and excess current by disposing the electronic circuit between system power supply and the load.    (JP2001157356-A)   NOVELTY - An output current control circuit is connected between system power supply (20) and load (22) for controlling output current level. The load voltage and reference voltage are compared to provide voltage stabilization control signal, which selectively activates power supply control circuit only when the load current does not exceed a predetermined level.    USE - For controlling power supplied to load in automobile system.    ADVANTAGE - The system power supply is protected from damage by short circuit and excess current by disposing the electronic circuit between system power supply and the load.
(JP2001167782-A)   NOVELTY - A heat exchanger for cooling a circulating water of a fuel cell comprises an aluminum structure having an inner surface defining an inner space; and a resin coating layer formed on the inner surface and contacting with the circulating water when circulating water flows through the inner space.    USE - For cooling a circulating water of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By the use the aluminum structure, the resulting heat exchanger is light in weight and smaller in size, thus decreasing the production cost.
(WO200135480-A2)      A fuel-cell installation (41) has at least one fuel cell block (42) with a number of fuel cells each having an anode (44a) and a cathode (44b) in which the anodes border on an anode gas space (51a) and the cathodes border on a cathode gas space (51b). The anode gas space and the cathode gas space can each be sealed gas-tight.    The volume of the anode gas space (51a) in the sealed state is at least twice the volume of the cathode gas space (51b) in the sealed state. A number of anodes (44a) each border on an anode gas space (51a) and a number of cathodes (44b) each border on a cathode gas space (51b).    ADVANTAGE -   Avoids premature ageing of fuel cells as result of any residual oxygen remaining in the fuel cells.
(WO200123302-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned synthetic gas comprises carrying out pyrolysis and/or vapor reforming of a carbon-containing material in the presence of an exothermic CO2-binding adsorber material so that carbon dioxide formed is removed from the product gas produced completely or controlled partially by the adsorber material, and regenerating the adsorber material periodically using a thermal desorption reaction with the release of CO2.    USE - For a fuel cell system in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    (DE19946381-C2)   NOVELTY - Production of a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned synthetic gas comprises carrying out pyrolysis and/or vapor reforming of a carbon-containing material in the presence of an exothermic CO2-binding adsorber material so that carbon dioxide formed is removed from the product gas produced completely or controlled partially by the adsorber material, and regenerating the adsorber material periodically using a thermal desorption reaction with the release of CO2.    USE - For a fuel cell system in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.
(EP1132802-A1)   NOVELTY - A booster subsystem (6) replaces a conventional isolation and protection sub-circuit and a voltage sampling subsystem (8) and a boost subsystem isolation circuit (10) are arranged to allow the microprocessor (4) to execute feedback control over subsystem (6). The booster subsystem supplies voltage to the microprocessor if the input voltage supply (20) produces an insufficient supply to maintain the microprocessor in an on-state, when it receives control signals from the microprocessor detecting a low supply voltage level.    USE - Maintaining operating voltage of an electronic module e,g, microcomputer of vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Supplying pulse width modulated supply signal.
(US6242120-B1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell stack is provided with one proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and purge assembly with at least one purge value. The value of process parameter representative of performance of fuel cell stack, is measured. The value of process parameter is compared to preset value stored in memory and purge assembly, is actuated automatically, when value of process parameter exceeds determined value.    USE - For controlling purge cycle of fuel cell stack of electrical devices of domestic use and in vehicles e.g. boat.    ADVANTAGE - The purge cycle of a fuel cell responsive to the performance of fuel cell is optimized automatically and hence the problems encountered with too frequent or infrequent purging of the fuel cell is eliminated.
(EP1111399-A1)   NOVELTY - The current generators selectively generate first and second current. The first and second dischargeable current integrators are provided with first and second current to produce first and second voltages during different time period. Both the current integrators are discharged during specific time periods. The first and second voltages are used to determine amount of charge remaining within the battery.    USE - For measuring electrical charge of battery used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides accurate measurement of amount of charge of battery. Continuously measures the amount of charge flowing into and out of battery, hence the apparatus is automatically self calibrating device.
(JP2001176472-A)   NOVELTY - Positive and negative electrode plates are laminated alternately, accommodating intervening separators respectively in each of cell cases. Battery modules (2) are arranged such that electrode plates are laminated within each cell case, and coolant passages (20) are formed between modules. The battery modules and end plates (13,14) arranged in both ends of modules, are bonded together by binding bands (15).    USE - Battery pack e.g. for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since the cells are bound together in tight contact with each other, the variations in internal pressure of all the cells are eliminated. Hence the output characteristics and service life of the battery pack are improved and the volume and weight densities of output power of the battery pack are increased.
(JP2001176454-A)   NOVELTY - The terminal holes are formed in each of longitudinal opposite end walls of a prismatic battery case (2), has thickness varying from one side to another. Electrode terminals (12) are mounted in terminal holes. Components (26) protrude from longitudinal opposite wall of the prismatic battery case.    USE - Used as drive power source for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Affords high reliability with respect to loads against electrode terminals. Connections are simpler, extremely low electrical resistance is required, hence the cost is low. Since the internal pressure is equalized between cell cases, the service life of cells is increased.    (CN1292573-A)   NOVELTY - The terminal holes are formed in each of longitudinal opposite end walls of a prismatic battery case (2), has thickness varying from one side to another. Electrode terminals (12) are mounted in terminal holes. Components (26) protrude from longitudinal opposite wall of the prismatic battery case.    USE - Used as drive power source for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Affords high reliability with respect to loads against electrode terminals. Connections are simpler, extremely low electrical resistance is required, hence the cost is low. Since the internal pressure is equalized between cell cases, the service life of cells is increased.
(JP2001110377-A)   NOVELTY - Each battery module (2) has safety vents (10) with discharge outlets (14) to release gas from module, when internal pressure of module is equal to preset level. Several discharge tubes (17) are coupled to outlets (14) of vents and arranged along module alignment direction so that discharge tubes are capable of accommodating variations in intervals between outlets (14) of vents, due to expansion of module.    USE - In battery pack with gas discharge device in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides effective sealing property even when battery module is swollen due to rise in internal pressure.    (CN1292576-A)   NOVELTY - Each battery module (2) has safety vents (10) with discharge outlets (14) to release gas from module, when internal pressure of module is equal to preset level. Several discharge tubes (17) are coupled to outlets (14) of vents and arranged along module alignment direction so that discharge tubes are capable of accommodating variations in intervals between outlets (14) of vents, due to expansion of module.    USE - In battery pack with gas discharge device in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides effective sealing property even when battery module is swollen due to rise in internal pressure.    (US6278259-B1)   NOVELTY - Each battery module (2) has safety vents (10) with discharge outlets (14) to release gas from module, when internal pressure of module is equal to preset level. Several discharge tubes (17) are coupled to outlets (14) of vents and arranged along module alignment direction so that discharge tubes are capable of accommodating variations in intervals between outlets (14) of vents, due to expansion of module.    USE - In battery pack with gas discharge device in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Provides effective sealing property even when battery module is swollen due to rise in internal pressure.
(JP2001110388-A)   NOVELTY - A vent (26) surrounded by sealing protrusion (27) is capable to communicate with interior of rechargeable battery. Vent is closed by a valve body (31) which has a sealing portion tightly attached to resilient portion (30), supports the sealing portion (28). Sealing and resilient portions are integrated with each other, and pass through connection hole of rigid holder.    USE - For sealed rechargeable battery used in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Variance in pressure at which vent device operates is made smaller by using rigid holder, that supports sealing portion. Since the sealing and resilient portions are formed integrally, structure is simplified and cost is reduced.
(JP2001110382-A)   NOVELTY - The short lateral wall of prismatic cell cases (3) is common to two adjacent cell cases to constitute integral case (2) and each of cell cases respectively accommodate EMF element (5). Electrode terminals are placed in opposing ends of case, and projection (19) and indentation (20) are formed substantially in center of cell cases positioned symmetrical based on center line (O) in length direction of case.    USE - Battery module with structure for connecting battery modules arranged adjacent each other to constitute battery pack. For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Battery module remains fixedly positioned with respect to each other, so that even if they are subjected to vibration or acceleration, battery modules will not be displaced and electrode terminals will not be damaged.    (CN1292574-A)   NOVELTY - The short lateral wall of prismatic cell cases (3) is common to two adjacent cell cases to constitute integral case (2) and each of cell cases respectively accommodate EMF element (5). Electrode terminals are placed in opposing ends of case, and projection (19) and indentation (20) are formed substantially in center of cell cases positioned symmetrical based on center line (O) in length direction of case.    USE - Battery module with structure for connecting battery modules arranged adjacent each other to constitute battery pack. For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Battery module remains fixedly positioned with respect to each other, so that even if they are subjected to vibration or acceleration, battery modules will not be displaced and electrode terminals will not be damaged.
(JP2001110385-A)   NOVELTY - Projections (16,17) formed dispersedly on both side faces of the battery module (2) forms coolant passages (20) between two battery modules when butted with corresponding projections. The portion of projection (16) positioned opposite to the partitions (9) in battery case has height smaller than the projection (17).    USE - For connecting battery modules arranged adjacent to each other to constitute battery pack. For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Even when there is variation on the plus side in the width of the battery modules, portion of battery module corresponding to partition of cells are subjected to excessive compression load is reliably prevented so that end plates can be prevented from being deformed by an excessive binding load.
(JP2001102186-A)   NOVELTY - A power source from an in-vehicle battery (101) is supplied to hazard lamps (102) via a relay. The relay coil is connected to a driving circuit controlled by a microcomputer (104a). The driving circuit includes two NPN switching transistors. The hazard lamp is enabled to blink for a longer overall period by stepwise reduction of the duty ratio, and power, with time to reflect the reducing battery charge.    USE - Provides an improved apparatus for controlling power supply from a vehicle battery or power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the lamp load e.g. hazard lamp, to blink for a longer period when the vehicle motor is not running, by stepwise reduction of the power to be supplied to the lamp.
(JP2001097149-A)   NOVELTY - A battery (10) is mounted on a mounting base (11) provided on a floor (1) in a rear part of a vehicle body. A rear suspension cross member (4) extends along the direction of vehicle width beneath the floor. The battery mounting base is located within an area of the floor corresponding to the location of the rear suspension cross member in plan view.    USE - For installing and positioning an automotive battery in a hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provides more room in the engine compartment and protects the battery installed in a rear part of a vehicle body.
(JP2001078307-A)   NOVELTY - The controller controls/regulates the coupling between the coupling and the switch in response to the connection voltage detected by a voltage detector. If the voltage exceeds a defined value when the motor (19) is in regenerative brake mode, the controller breaks a connection between the capacitor (21) and motor with the switch and connects a pair of engagement elements (11,12) in the coupling.    USE - For a hybrid vehicle with a machine for outputting a vehicle drive force, a coupling connected to the machine's output shaft, a drive wheel connected to the coupling's output, a motor connected to the drive wheel that can operate as a regenerative brake, a double layer capacitor for delivering electrical energy to the motor and storing energy from the motor, a switch, a voltage detector and a controller.    ADVANTAGE - Enables degradation of the insulation or of the performance of a double layer capacitor to be prevented.
(EP1119066-A2)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for treating a medium in a fuel cell system comprises a reactor (1) with a catalyst-containing region between a first partial chamber (2) of the reactor and a second partial chamber (3) of the reactor. The catalyst-containing region is arranged in the flow path of the medium. The first partial chamber is surrounded by the second partial chamber. The catalyst-containing region is arranged between the first inner partial chamber and the second outer partial chamber. The boundary wall (6) is formed by a fleece provided with a catalyst material.    USE - Used in the catalytic burner for cleaning exhaust gases, in a CO oxidation stage for the selective CO removal in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture stream, in a reformer for reforming a hydrogen-containing medium (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is compact, space-saving and simple.
(JP2001155760-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell (12) has upper and lower end plate assembly (14) with fuel cell interposed between upper (26) and lower end plate assemblies and uses end plate to clamp (18) fuel cell and several discrete force exerting devices in the end plate selectively moveable relative to the end plate in an axial direction transverse to the general plane of the end plate. A holder maintains each force exerting device.    USE - As a electrochemical fuel cell stack compression method and apparatus having upper and lower end plate assembly with fuel cell interposed between the upper and lower end plate assemblies.
(DE19944186-A1)   NOVELTY - Apparatus for heating and reaction at least one medium, especially vaporizer, reactor and/or heat exchanger with stacked layers of compressed catalyst material, has means of dividing the stack into a number of functional zones.    USE - For gas generating systems for fuel cell systems containing various components operating at different temperature levels and in a given sequence, especially in mobile systems, such as fuel cell vehicles, e.g. for hydrogen generation from methanol and water.    ADVANTAGE - The stack has a high degree of integration and the low total mass of the hot zone reduces the energy needed for cold starting. The compact form of the hot zone facilitates thermal insulation.
(DE10044407-A1)   NOVELTY - Operating a fuel cell (10) having an anode passage comprises: collecting purged hydrogen from the anode passage (16); directing the hydrogen to a hydrogen storage media (30); and purging the media of hydrogen to enable additional hydrogen to be stored by the media.    USE - For operating fuel cell vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Purged hydrogen is stored to a hydrogen trap at park or slow speed conditions and vented at higher speeds.
(CN1291796-A)   NOVELTY - A lid (4) integrally closes the upper ends of the prismatic cell cases (3) accommodating positive electrode plates (18), separator (20) and negative electrode plates (19) stacked alternately upon one another, parallel to the long lateral walls of the cell cases. Rechargeable cells (6) are connected in series at their opposite lateral ends.    USE - E.g. nickel metal hydride battery for electric vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Provides compact battery module, since the cells accommodate a group of electrode plates stacked parallel to the long lateral walls of the cell cases, and the neighboring cells are mutually connected in series at the opposite ends of the long lateral walls. The battery is cooled as a whole along the lateral walls of the integral battery case formed as one continuous plane, so that each of cells constituting the battery module is uniformly and efficiently cooled.    (JP2001176487-A)   NOVELTY - A lid (4) integrally closes the upper ends of the prismatic cell cases (3) accommodating positive electrode plates (18), separator (20) and negative electrode plates (19) stacked alternately upon one another, parallel to the long lateral walls of the cell cases. Rechargeable cells (6) are connected in series at their opposite lateral ends.    USE - E.g. nickel metal hydride battery for electric vehicle, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Provides compact battery module, since the cells accommodate a group of electrode plates stacked parallel to the long lateral walls of the cell cases, and the neighboring cells are mutually connected in series at the opposite ends of the long lateral walls. The battery is cooled as a whole along the lateral walls of the integral battery case formed as one continuous plane, so that each of cells constituting the battery module is uniformly and efficiently cooled.
(JP2001095160-A)   NOVELTY - The abnormal cell detection apparatus (100) for a battery (10) with series connected blocks (10A) of cells (10B), uses block voltage detection sections (2), current sensor (3) and charging apparatus (1). A central processing unit (4) detects an abnormal cell based on signals from the block voltage detection sections and the current sensor.    USE - Provides an improved abnormal cell detection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a detection method which distinguishes individual faulty cells based on determination of cell internal resistance increase, and is independent of unevenness in cell capacity.    (US6278257-B1)   NOVELTY - The abnormal cell detection apparatus (100) for a battery (10) with series connected blocks (10A) of cells (10B), uses block voltage detection sections (2), current sensor (3) and charging apparatus (1). A central processing unit (4) detects an abnormal cell based on signals from the block voltage detection sections and the current sensor.    USE - Provides an improved abnormal cell detection apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a detection method which distinguishes individual faulty cells based on determination of cell internal resistance increase, and is independent of unevenness in cell capacity.
(DE19946744-A1)   NOVELTY - A procedure for the secure coupling of an external voltage network to an operating voltage network, especially of a car, is described. At least one switch unit with at least one controllable switch is located between the operating voltage network and a terminal clamp. The switch is connected with a control apparatus. The terminal clamp is set up for the connection of the external voltage network. The procedure has the following features: - measurement of the voltage at the terminal clamp; - testing whether the measured voltage does not lie below a lower threshold or above an upper threshold; - closing the controllable switch if the measured voltage lies in the permitted range; - measurement of the current flowing between the terminal clamp and the operating voltage network; - testing whether the current does not lie below a lower threshold; and - opening the controllable switch(es) when the current lies outside the permitted range.    USE - for secure coupling of external voltage network to operating voltage network, especially of car    ADVANTAGE - prevents damage to the voltage networks
(DE19946733-A1)   NOVELTY - A procedure for the secure coupling of an external voltage network to an operating voltage network, especially of a car, is described. A switch unit with at least one controllable switch is located between the operating voltage network and a terminal clamp. The switch is connected with a control apparatus. The terminal clamp is set up for the connection of the external voltage network. The procedure has the following features: - generation of a pulse-shaped voltage at the terminal clamp at least with open switch(es); - measurement in the pulse pauses of the voltage of the connected external voltage network lying at the terminal clamp; - comparison of the measured values with the voltage(s) of the operating voltage network; and - control of the switch unit on the basis of the results of the comparison.    USE - for secure coupling of external voltage network to operating voltage network, especially of car    ADVANTAGE - prevents damage to the voltage networks
(JP2001106148-A)   NOVELTY - Battery power indicator (42) is disposed on post (23) supporting the seat (30). Indicator is disposed on an inclined face locating at upper portion of battery. The indicator is located around the outer periphery of seat along one of the bicycle sides or to rear side of bicycle.    USE - For power assisted bicycle.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates the rider to notify the power stored in the battery as the indicator is disposed on post supporting seat and on inclined face located at upper portion of battery.    (CN1293137-A)   NOVELTY - Battery power indicator (42) is disposed on post (23) supporting the seat (30). Indicator is disposed on an inclined face locating at upper portion of battery. The indicator is located around the outer periphery of seat along one of the bicycle sides or to rear side of bicycle.    USE - For power assisted bicycle.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates the rider to notify the power stored in the battery as the indicator is disposed on post supporting seat and on inclined face located at upper portion of battery.
(JP2001093484-A)   NOVELTY - A sealed battery pack comprises a number of serially disposed cells (2) housed in a cooling box (3), and the top openings in the cooling box and the openings in the various cell cases of the cells are sealed by integrating lids (4, 5). Coolant passages (21) on both sides between the side surfaces of the cells and the side walls on both sides of the cooling box in the cell arrangement direction, and coolant passages (18) between the cases of the cells are formed so as to communicate with each other, so that all of the side surfaces of the cells are forcibly cooled by a coolant.    USE - E.g. for electric vehicle..    ADVANTAGE - Cells can be effectively cooled and good sealing can be ensured with simple sealing and joining process.    (CN1290046-A)   NOVELTY - A sealed battery pack comprises a number of serially disposed cells (2) housed in a cooling box (3), and the top openings in the cooling box and the openings in the various cell cases of the cells are sealed by integrating lids (4, 5). Coolant passages (21) on both sides between the side surfaces of the cells and the side walls on both sides of the cooling box in the cell arrangement direction, and coolant passages (18) between the cases of the cells are formed so as to communicate with each other, so that all of the side surfaces of the cells are forcibly cooled by a coolant.    USE - E.g. for electric vehicle..    ADVANTAGE - Cells can be effectively cooled and good sealing can be ensured with simple sealing and joining process.
(JP2001063349-A)   NOVELTY - The high temperature prevention device uses a solar generator (1) connected to a converter (2) that provides a suitable voltage supply to drive a blower (4). A temperature detector (3) detects the temperature inside the vehicle and switches on a blower when the temperature reaches a predetermined value. The blower (4) expels room air of the car to the outside when the temperature detector detects the temperature equal to or higher than a set value.    USE - To ensure that interior temperature is the same as ambient temperature.    ADVANTAGE - Fully automatic, does not use vehicle battery.
(WO200126210-A1)   NOVELTY - The converter has at least one half-bridge containing. at least one high-side and one low-side switch with a defined number of switches with a common connection connected to the arrangement for generating the electrical energy and a capacitor in parallel with the half bridge. The switches are driven with an offset wrt. each other    USE - For converting electrical energy, especially. for a vehicle on-board network.    ADVANTAGE - The value and size of the intermediate capacitor or input capacitor is considerably reduced.
(JP2001068140-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (10) comprises first and second fuel cell stacks (12,14), in which directions of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of adjoining terminal electrodes are set to be opposite one another. First and second connecting plates (106,182) are incorporated at ends on an identical side of the first and second fuel cell stacks. The connecting plate sections are electrically connected by flexible strand wires (186a,186b).    USE - Vehicle battery fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Flexible wires make it possible to reliably avoid any action of stress which would be otherwise caused by vibration or the like at a connecting points between parallel fuel cells.
(JP2001118600-A)   NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises an electrode body (1) obtained by winding or laminating a positive electrode (2) and a negative electrode (3) via a separator (4), and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium compound as the electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution contains water and hydrofluoric acid in a total concentration of 10,000 ppm or less.    USE - Lithium secondary battery for use in an electric automobile or a hybrid electric automobile (claimed), or for use in portable communication appliances, notebook-type personal computers and in the electric power industry for night storage of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The deterioration of battery properties caused by water and hydrofluoric acid present in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution in the battery is suppressed, and the battery has good cycle property and reliability.
(JP2001093503-A)   NOVELTY - Cells (6) of a battery module (1) are arranged in a row and the cell cases (3) are formed in prismatic fashion, to each accommodate electrode plate groups (5) together with electrolyte. Connection holes (7) are formed in the cell walls and collector plates (31,32) are connected respectively to the groups of positive and negative electrode plates (18,19), while the connection bosses (33) of the collector plates of adjacent cells are welded to each other to connect the cells.    USE - Connecting rechargeable battery cells in series e.g. for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Low cost construction of module with no danger of electrolyte leakage.    (CN1289153-A)   NOVELTY - Cells (6) of a battery module (1) are arranged in a row and the cell cases (3) are formed in prismatic fashion, to each accommodate electrode plate groups (5) together with electrolyte. Connection holes (7) are formed in the cell walls and collector plates (31,32) are connected respectively to the groups of positive and negative electrode plates (18,19), while the connection bosses (33) of the collector plates of adjacent cells are welded to each other to connect the cells.    USE - Connecting rechargeable battery cells in series e.g. for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Low cost construction of module with no danger of electrolyte leakage.
(DE10039110-A1)   NOVELTY - The network supply stage has at least one inductance (3) and an electrical contact device (4,5), coupled to a reference voltage, with a conductive coupling (2) between them. The inductance, the contact device and. or the conductive coupling is incorporated within an insulating carrier (1) providing relative electrical insulation, with an electrical circuit (11) connected to the conductive coupling via a second electrical coupling (12).    USE - The network supply stage is used for automobile electrics.    ADVANTAGE - The network supply stage has a reduced assembly complexity.    (JP2001135952-A)   NOVELTY - The network supply stage has at least one inductance (3) and an electrical contact device (4,5), coupled to a reference voltage, with a conductive coupling (2) between them. The inductance, the contact device and. or the conductive coupling is incorporated within an insulating carrier (1) providing relative electrical insulation, with an electrical circuit (11) connected to the conductive coupling via a second electrical coupling (12).    USE - The network supply stage is used for automobile electrics.    ADVANTAGE - The network supply stage has a reduced assembly complexity.
(WO200121444-A1)   NOVELTY - The circuit has two voltage levels. A generator creates a first voltage, and a voltage changer creates the second voltage from the first voltage.    USE - Especially for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Substantially prevents the occurrence of a short circuit between the two voltage supplies, and damps any short circuit. The circuit also indicates the short circuit and removes it, simultaneously protecting the user supplied with the lower voltage. The circuit reduces the potential difference between both voltages, and following evaluation is able to localize any short circuit.    (WO200121445-A1)   NOVELTY - The circuit has two voltage levels. A generator creates a first voltage, and a voltage changer creates the second voltage from the first voltage.    USE - Especially for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Substantially prevents the occurrence of a short circuit between the two voltage supplies, and damps any short circuit. The circuit also indicates the short circuit and removes it, simultaneously protecting the user supplied with the lower voltage. The circuit reduces the potential difference between both voltages, and following evaluation is able to localize any short circuit.
(JP2001093556-A)   NOVELTY - The arrangement has a fuel cell (12) with an anode and a cathode mounted on both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane, a feed cooling tube (13) and an outflow cooling tube (14) connected to the fuel cell and a heat output device (15) for cooling the coolant, whereby the feed cooling tube and the outflow cooling tube are connected to the heat output device and the heat output device is mounted at a higher point than the fuel cell and is accessible to external air.    USE - E.g. for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Good coolant circulation is achieved with a simplified and compact construction without requiring a feed device for the coolant so that electric power losses are minimized.
(JP2001093505-A)   NOVELTY - A number of positive electrode plates (18) and negative electrode plates (19) are stacked alternately upon one another with intervening separators between them. Collector plates (21, 22) are formed with protruded portions (29) on a surface which is brought in tight contact with respective lateral edges of the positive and negative electrode plates, and heat is applied to the collector plate on an opposite surface of the electrode plates from a non-contact type heat source at several locations in lines along a direction in which the electrode plates are stacked.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - One lateral edge of electrode plate group is securely bonded to collector plate.    (CN1289154-A)   NOVELTY - A number of positive electrode plates (18) and negative electrode plates (19) are stacked alternately upon one another with intervening separators between them. Collector plates (21, 22) are formed with protruded portions (29) on a surface which is brought in tight contact with respective lateral edges of the positive and negative electrode plates, and heat is applied to the collector plate on an opposite surface of the electrode plates from a non-contact type heat source at several locations in lines along a direction in which the electrode plates are stacked.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - One lateral edge of electrode plate group is securely bonded to collector plate.
(DE19944540-A1)   NOVELTY - A reactor system (1) for reacting a hydrocarbon (derivative) has a reaction chamber (2) containing catalyst, which can be supplied with an educt stream (3) through an inlet (9). There is an electric heater (4) for the catalyst and educt stream, which can be used at least during a start-up phase. The heater is flat and at a level (partly) covering the inlet.    USE - The reactor is useful for reacting a hydrocarbon (derivative) (claimed), e.g. hydrogen generation by reforming methanol or a hydrocarbon, for use in fuel cells for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The system has good cold-start quality.
(JP2001093537-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator comprises a conductive material and a resin. At least part of the conductive material is a powdered material made by pulverizing waste of fuel cell separator containing a conductive material and a resin.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows easy recycling of the waste of fuel cell separators having a conductive material and a resin, decreases the industrial waste involving fuel cell separators so improving environmental conditions and saving natural resources, and provides fuel cell separators of uniform and high quality.
(WO200139278-A1)   NOVELTY - A solar panel, comprises a transparent panel (10) with a solar cell unit (18) containing crystalline solar cells. Connectors (22) link these to a collector electrode (14). This consists of a coating applied either directly to the panel or to an intermediate coating (12) and is in contact with the connectors on the side which is turned away from the panel    USE - For use in the sun roof of a car.
(FR2799308-A1)   NOVELTY - A bipolar collector has heat and charge collection contacts extending partially into its main structure and with non-conductive open structures for reactant gas flow homogenization.    USE - Especially as a bipolar collector of a PEM fuel cell e.g. for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The collector design provides a compromise between minimal ohmic drop, reduced weight, good heat exchange and simplified manufacture.
(EP1116913-A2)   NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a fuel fill pocket (52) which is connected with an engine fuel tank by a refueling line. A nozzle (66) which is connected to the fuel filling station, is slidably received by the pocket. A hydrogen input line (68) in filling station is communicably connected with the refueling line (56). The mating ports in the nozzle and the pocket send signals to the controller.    USE - For refueling electrochemical engine in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of filling pocket enables to save packaging space. Provision of door prevents contamination. Insertion of nozzle into pocket prevents misalignment.
(EP1115169-A2)   NOVELTY - A primary coolant flow circuit (32) extends through radiator (26), fuel cell stack (12) and storage tank (22). When hydrogen retention material stored in tank, is heated to preset temperature, stored hydrogen is released. The cell stack uses released hydrogen, to produce electricity and byproduct. The generated byproduct of cell stack is sent via primary coolant flow path to tank, to heat retention material.    USE - For vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The regeneration of hydrogen retention material is possible because it is cooled by coolant. The energy consumption is reduced, because byproduct heat is used to raise temperature of hydrogen retention material. The process becomes self-sustaining.
(DE19943575-A1)   NOVELTY - The voltage converter generates a DC voltage from a supplied DC voltage with reversible effect direction, whereby a transformer is operated on its primary- and secondary side with opposite clocks. A respective middle tap is connected with a first connection (A1, A2) for a respective DC voltage, and further winding connections are connected over respective semiconductor switches (Q1 to Q4) with a second connection for the respective DC voltage. The semiconductor switches are controlled synchronized in pairs.    USE - E.g. in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reduced cost and weight of arrangement.    (JP2001119936-A)   NOVELTY - The voltage converter generates a DC voltage from a supplied DC voltage with reversible effect direction, whereby a transformer is operated on its primary- and secondary side with opposite clocks. A respective middle tap is connected with a first connection (A1, A2) for a respective DC voltage, and further winding connections are connected over respective semiconductor switches (Q1 to Q4) with a second connection for the respective DC voltage. The semiconductor switches are controlled synchronized in pairs.    USE - E.g. in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables reduced cost and weight of arrangement.
(WO200109414-A1)   NOVELTY - Hollow fibres with an internal diameter of 10 nm to 50 micron and an outer wall made from metal-containing inorganic compounds, polymers and/or metals are new.    USE - The hollow fibres are useful for the separation or storage of gases, liquids and suspensions, in dialysis, as synthetic lungs, for protein storage or as controlled release, drug delivery or medical separation systems. They are also useful in cell technology for the uptake of cytoplasmic components and for the production of biopharmaceuticals. Further, the fibres can be used as sensor components and as microreactors as well as in microelectronics as wire, cable or capacitators, in super-light construction technology as binders, fillers, strengtheners, heat isolators or cladding agents, in fuel cells, batteries and electrochemical reactions, in capillary electrophoresis, scanning microscopy and catalytic systems and as a dielectric.    ADVANTAGE - The fibres are mechanically and chemically stable and, compared with prior art fibres, can be produced precisely from the widest variety of materials.
(DE19945715-A1)   NOVELTY - In a fuel cell plant having a stack of fuel cells, feed pipes for process medium, electrical connections and a vaporizer, there is at least one pipe allowing the heat from (part of) the fuel cell stack to be used in other equipment.    USE - The plant is useful in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Using the (waste) heat increases the degree of efficiency.
(WO200147095-A2)   NOVELTY - The primary and secondary windings of the transformer (15) is configured to supply step for a step wave AC output. Bridge circuits (10) control input of DC voltage into the primary windings of the transformers. According to the power sources, the DC voltage inputs are switched by the bridge circuits and is managed by the source management circuit.    USE - To transform power from DC power sources to AC power. Also used in conjunction with photovoltaic cell, wind turbines, batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The characteristics of step wave AC output from a step wave power converter is enhanced, hence producing step wave AC output with ideal AC waveform. By deactivating the transformers in the order in which they are activated, balancing of the transformer duty cycles is achieved.
(JP2001076766-A)   NOVELTY - A storage system S1 has a number of storage modules (1B1-1B3) which are connected in series and have the same configuration. The storage module includes capacitors (Ca,Cb) connected in series, a transformer (4A), switches (Sa,Sb), and resistors (11a,11b). The transformer includes windings (4a,4b) having the same number of turns which serve as energy transfer means, and a common winding (4c). The common winding transfers energy among the storage modules and has the function of keeping the voltage across the series circuit of the capacitors, in each of all the storage modules connected in parallel, at the voltage corresponding to the number of turns of the common winding.    USE - As a battery for a motor vehicle and can also be applied to several kinds of power supplying/receiving system.    ADVANTAGE - The storage module transfers stored energy reliably, surely, and easily and can be made inexpensive and down-sized. The charging voltage across each of the storage means can be kept at a value according to a prescribed ratio.
(DE19943690-C2)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has at least one fuel cell (25) coupled to a fuel supply unit (21) via a fuel line (22) and to an oxidation medium source (23) via an oxidation medium line (24). The fuel cell system is started via an activation device (40) which is independent of the starting device for the electrical machine, e.g. a vehicle propulsion drive (12).    USE - The fuel cell system is used for driving an electrical machine, e.g. an electric propulsion drive in an automobile, or for a decentralized power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system can be activated independently, e.g. by operation of an automobile door lock, for reducing the time lag between starting of the electrical machine and effective operation of the fuel cell system.
(FR2798528-A1)   NOVELTY - The current supply system has a number of supply sources (1,2), e.g. rechargeable electrochemical energy stores, for supplying at least one load (V1,V2), with stored energy transferred between the supply sources when the system is not in use, via a central control device (ST), for reducing the overall parasitic losses    USE - The current supply system is used for an automobile onboard electrical network.    ADVANTAGE - The current supply system uses transfer of charge between the different supply sources for minimizing the overall loss of stored energy.
(JP2001068081-A)   NOVELTY - A battery pack (1), e.g. of nickel metal hydride cell modules (2), for use as the power source for an electric vehicle, has electrode connection terminals (11,12) and end plates (3,4). Upper and lower ends of the endplates are tied together, by e.g. three, restraining straps (5). The straps may have a rectangular cross section and L-shaped or flat mounting portions. Bolts (6,8) are used to secure and tighten the assembly to eliminate the risk of battery deformation by heat produced during battery charge or discharge.    USE - Provides an improved restraining band arrangement for battery packs e.g. for use as the power source for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the risk of battery deformation by heat produced during battery charge or discharge.    (CN1286501-A)   NOVELTY - A battery pack (1), e.g. of nickel metal hydride cell modules (2), for use as the power source for an electric vehicle, has electrode connection terminals (11,12) and end plates (3,4). Upper and lower ends of the endplates are tied together, by e.g. three, restraining straps (5). The straps may have a rectangular cross section and L-shaped or flat mounting portions. Bolts (6,8) are used to secure and tighten the assembly to eliminate the risk of battery deformation by heat produced during battery charge or discharge.    USE - Provides an improved restraining band arrangement for battery packs e.g. for use as the power source for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the risk of battery deformation by heat produced during battery charge or discharge.
(DE19942195-A1)   NOVELTY - The system has a latent heat reservoir for optimizing heat flow. The heat required by endothermal process is covered by the excess of the fuel cell. The anode gases contain sufficient fuel to store the energy derived by a catalytic burner in a latent heat storage system.    USE - For mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal energy of exothermal processes in a fuel cell are made available to endothermal processes.    (JP2001143728-A)   NOVELTY - The system has a latent heat reservoir for optimizing heat flow. The heat required by endothermal process is covered by the excess of the fuel cell. The anode gases contain sufficient fuel to store the energy derived by a catalytic burner in a latent heat storage system.    USE - For mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal energy of exothermal processes in a fuel cell are made available to endothermal processes.
(US6209494-B1)   NOVELTY - Generation of power involves totally pyrolyzing a hydrocarbonaceous feed in a reactor to form a first gaseous stream (A) containing hydrogen and a totally dehydrogenated fuel stream.    USE - For producing mechanical power and a hybrid power generation unit.
(JP2001060293-A)   NOVELTY - The shared vehicle system, comprises central facility (12) with at least one vehicle distribution port facility (14) and with multiple fleet of vehicles (16). Each of the vehicles has a subsystem (18) communicating to allow a user to enter information at a port facility. The information communicates to the central facility and is processed to select a vehicle to allocate to the user. The central station monitors the location and operating status.    USE - For use in sharing a fleet of electric vehicles allocating, tracking, securing, managing and relocating.    ADVANTAGE - The vehicle communicates with the central station notifying to the central station of the PIN number of the individual attempting to used the vehicle, along with state charge and location.
(JP2001023664-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell apparatus is operated by measuring voltage across entire fuel cell stack and a second cluster of fuel cells and creating a pseudo cluster voltage for the second cluster based on the average cell voltage of all the cells in the stack, the actual voltage across the second cluster and the difference between the number of cells in the first clusters and in the second cluster.    USE - For operating a fuel cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables the cells of a fuel cell stack to be monitored in clusters containing a small number of cells in each cluster. This avoids the necessity of designing a new monitoring control program or circuit just for the clusters containing a different number of cells. Further, the invention enables a fuel cell stack to be devised with any number of cells to meet particular application requirements without the necessity of adding or eliminating individual fuel cells just for monitoring purposes.
(EP1083399-A1)   NOVELTY - The vehicle has at least parts of its armor (3) formed to receive, store and supply an energy carrier, which generates electrical energy to supply loads on or in the vehicle. The electrical energy is generated by a fuel cell. At least part of an armored segment is formed as a fuel store to supply the fuel cell. Preferably, the fuel is hydrogen and the fuel store is a metal hydride or FeTi.    USE - Armored military vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Improved functionality of vehicle. Electricity can be generated without taking up extra space. Fuel tanks may be arranged outside vehicle.
(DE10021945-A1)   NOVELTY - When kick down operation of accelerator pedal is detected, the electric power allocated to motor is increased, so as to increase power supplied for starting fuel modification system containing fuel reformer and air supply unit.    USE - For fuel cell of hybrid vehicle, motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As electric power allocated to motor is increased, when the kick down operation of accelerator pedal is detected, running performance required during starting of fuel modification system is obtained easily and efficiently.
(EP1079086-A2)   NOVELTY - The engine has an auxiliary gearbox coupled to the end of the engine crankshaft via a switchable clutch (K1, 10) and to an electric machine operated as an electric motor or current generator and a planetary gearbox between the auxiliary drive gearbox and crankshaft. An auxiliary gearbox drive wheel (1) is rigidly connected to a planetary gearbox hub (2) rotatably mounted on the crankshaft (14) via an overriding clutch (K2, 5). An external tooth flex ring (1) is arranged between the sectionally elliptical hub and two adjacent internal teeth hollow wheels (7,8). The switchable coupling is arranged between the first hollow wheel and an engine housing aperture and the second hollow wheel is rigidly attached to the crankshaft.    USE - For a motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables an auxiliary machine such as an air conditioning compressor to be driven whilst the engine is off.
(US6274259-B1)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell power plant includes fine pore enthalpy exchange barrier (12) for mass transfer between oxidant and exhaust streams. The barrier includes a support matrix with hydrophilic pores with pore size about 0.1-100 microns. The barrier is chemically stable with liquid transfer so that when the pores are filled, the barrier has a bubble pressure greater than 0.014 kg/sq.cm.    USE - Fuel cell power plant for vehicles, portable of stationary power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The enthalpy exchange barrier enhances water balance and decreases volume and weight of the power plant without needing a condensing heat exchanger. The support matrix is chemically stable and operates with a liquid having substantial freezing point depression characteristic, allowing the power plant to operate through a wide temperature range. The mass and heat transfer device does not need to be preheated. The pore structure minimizes the possibility of liquid leaving the enthalpy exchange barrier.
(FR2797526-A1)   NOVELTY - The accumulator has a positive electrode based on a nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode forming a hydride once charged. Total negative capacity exceeds total positive capacity by at least 15%. The resulting over capacity is partly charge remaining when the positive electrode is completely discharged, and partly discharge when the positive electrode is fully charged.    USE - Accumulators for use on aircraft or rail vehicles or to propel an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Extends working life while maintaining low mass and volume of accumulator.    (JP2001076753-A)   NOVELTY - The accumulator has a positive electrode based on a nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode forming a hydride once charged. Total negative capacity exceeds total positive capacity by at least 15%. The resulting over capacity is partly charge remaining when the positive electrode is completely discharged, and partly discharge when the positive electrode is fully charged.    USE - Accumulators for use on aircraft or rail vehicles or to propel an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Extends working life while maintaining low mass and volume of accumulator.
(JP2001116811-A)   NOVELTY - A synchronizing voltage value is obtained for every block in the battery pack, step 201, the grouping of the blocks is referenced based on temperature distribution, step 202, the maximum and minimum voltages are extracted, step 203 and it is determined if a condition for a threshold voltage holds for a predetermined period, step 204. It is determined whether there is a voltage difference between blocks belonging to the same group in the charging process, step 205 and a minor short is detected, step 206 or a short is detected, step 208. If a short is detected, the charging/discharging current value is reduced.    USE - Detecting a short circuit in a battery cell e.g. for electric hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Low cost reliable detection of shorts.    (US6255803-B1)   NOVELTY - A synchronizing voltage value is obtained for every block in the battery pack, step 201, the grouping of the blocks is referenced based on temperature distribution, step 202, the maximum and minimum voltages are extracted, step 203 and it is determined if a condition for a threshold voltage holds for a predetermined period, step 204. It is determined whether there is a voltage difference between blocks belonging to the same group in the charging process, step 205 and a minor short is detected, step 206 or a short is detected, step 208. If a short is detected, the charging/discharging current value is reduced.    USE - Detecting a short circuit in a battery cell e.g. for electric hybrid vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Low cost reliable detection of shorts.
(DE19937152-A1)   NOVELTY - The combined component has an exhaust gas catalyser with an essentially cylindrical housing, inlet and outlet ports, a first inner tube (6) coaxial to the housing axis connected to the housing lid on the gas inlet side, a second coaxial outer tube (8) also connected to the lid on the inlet side and catalyser material between the tubes for catalytic oxidation of anode gas. An evaporator (20b, 21b) is arranged between the inner and outer tubes to evaporate material fed to the fuel cell system    USE - For recombustion of anode gas from fuel cell system and for evaporating material fed to fuel cell system, esp. for mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - Cost and wt. are saved in an exhaust gas catalyser and evaporator for a fuel cell system.
(JP2001052724-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell battery has a stack (2) of planar cells (3,4) with alternating electrochemically active plates (3) and interconnectors (4) with intermediate straight or curved zones (20), interconnector profiling to divert two fluids (11, 12) separately through the cells, fluid inlets and outlets and a common outlet channel (5), whereby the second fluid is a heat carrier for reaction heat released during operation. The interconnectors are single-layered and their profiling is designed so that both fluids are guided always in contact with the electrochemically active plate. The direction of flow of the second fluid is reversed at one edge region (24).    USE - E.g. for use as a current supply component in a car.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacturing costs are reduced further.    (CN1283878-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell battery has a stack (2) of planar cells (3,4) with alternating electrochemically active plates (3) and interconnectors (4) with intermediate straight or curved zones (20), interconnector profiling to divert two fluids (11, 12) separately through the cells, fluid inlets and outlets and a common outlet channel (5), whereby the second fluid is a heat carrier for reaction heat released during operation. The interconnectors are single-layered and their profiling is designed so that both fluids are guided always in contact with the electrochemically active plate. The direction of flow of the second fluid is reversed at one edge region (24).    USE - E.g. for use as a current supply component in a car.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacturing costs are reduced further.
(WO200062364-A1)   NOVELTY - A composite body, comprising a hot laminated stack of specified separator, cathode and anode layers, is new.    USE - The composite body is used for production of an electrochemical cell, in a sensor, an electrochromic window, a display, a capacitor or an ion conductive foil and the cell is used in automobile batteries, appliance batteries, flat batteries, on-board batteries, batteries for static applications, electrotraction batteries or polymer batteries (claimed), the battery being especially a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The composite bodies are mechanically stable and can be used directly as an electrochemical cell.
(DE10022443-A1)   NOVELTY - A controller (12) maintains the voltage of main battery (4). When the supply of voltage from the main battery of the vehicle stops or falls below the set voltage, the controller switches the auxiliary battery to supply voltage.    USE - For emergency report system.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains reliable operation even during voltage drop or at the time of failure of a main battery, accident, engine start, since an auxiliary battery is provided to assist the main battery.
(JP2001023658-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel is converted to a gaseous product stream, including hydrogen for use in fuel cell stack, by positioning a catalytic reactor under a heater with its discharge end connected with an inlet of the reactor, recirculating the gases through the heater and the reactor, heating the gases in the heater, and monitoring a temperature of the gases between the discharged end of the heater and the inlet of the reactor.    USE - For converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a gaseous product stream including hydrogen for use in a fuel cell or power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides an indication of significant failure, e.g. cracked welds, leaks, and catalyst bed problems, by its measurement of temperature and rate-of-change of temperature. It also protects the catalyst beds that are very temperature sensitive, as well as key system components, thus making it a very cost-effective approach to diagnose overall system problems.
(JP2001050077-A)   NOVELTY - When the condition that the amount of electricity stored in a battery (17) for an electric motor measured by storage state monitoring means (15) and (24) is larger than a predetermined storage threshold, the engine of a vehicle is idling, engine speed is in a prescribed range, the load on the engine is within a prescribed range is satisfied, damping control means is allowed to carry out the damping control.    USE - Control device for battery of hybrid vehicle    (JP2001054206-A)   NOVELTY - When the condition that the amount of electricity stored in a battery (17) for an electric motor measured by storage state monitoring means (15) and (24) is larger than a predetermined storage threshold, the engine of a vehicle is idling, engine speed is in a prescribed range, the load on the engine is within a prescribed range is satisfied, damping control means is allowed to carry out the damping control.    USE - Control device for battery of hybrid vehicle
(JP2001054204-A)   NOVELTY - The control apparatus comprises an output assist by a motor (M) with respect to the engine (E) output can be limited to be stopped in a high speed-driving mode. The control has a section to stop the operation of the motor from assisting the engine output when the engine output is assisted by the motor and the speed of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined first threshold value.    USE - For use as a control apparatus of a hybrid vehicle to limit or stop output assist using a motor in a high-speed driving module.    ADVANTAGE - The system increases the battery capacity and thereby causing excessive discharge of the battery. Another section is used to regenerate operation of the motor when the motor of the vehicle exceeds a second threshold value.
(WO200101545-A1)   NOVELTY - Arrangement for the wireless supply of electrical energy to a number of sensors and/or actuators (1.1-1.s) mounted on a machine (2) comprises a micro-fuel cell with attached fuel tank integrated into the sensors and/or actuators. The cell converts the fuel, preferably methanol, into electrical energy to supply the sensors.    USE - For sensors used for measuring temperature, pressure, current and voltage and for actuators in micromechanical, piezoelectrical, electrochemical, magnetostrictive, electrostrictive, electrostatic or electromagnetic applications.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement is reliable.
(JP2001023678-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a water tank (19), a reformer (13), a fuel cell (29), a condenser (35), a waste gas temperature detector which measures the temperature of the waste gas from the condenser, and an operating pressure control device. This device calculates an equilibrium operating pressure of the fuel cell system, at which water flowing into and out of the system are in equilibrium.    USE - Vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The operational pressure of the fuel cell is controlled so that it does not need to be filled with water.
(US6254741-B1)   NOVELTY - An electrochemical system (20) includes at least two cells with anolyte and catholyte chambers, electrode plates, anolyte and catholyte chambers separator (36) with at least a peripheral frame, and anolyte and catholyte frames (38, 40). The peripheral frame is bonded in direct abutment with the anolyte and catholyte frames.    USE - For producing hydrogen and oxygen.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly reduces or eliminates fluid leakage. It enables an entire cell block to be encapsulated with elastomeric material to render the edges of the block to be hermetic and leak tight for both oxygen and hydrogen gases and electrolyte.
(DE19930872-A1)      The fuel cell stack has at least one cell for cleaning reformer gas and at least one current generating cell. A bifunctional fuel cell unit can be used which acts either as a cleaning cell or current generating cell depending on the applied voltage. The anode of the cleaning cell has a potential greater than 0.4 V. The reformer comprises a fuel cell stack and an exhaust gas catalytic converter.    During the cleaning process the reformer gas is introduced to at least one fuel cell where CO is electrochemically oxidized to form CO2.    USE -   In mobile and/or stationary fuel cell assemblies, e.g. electric traction.    ADVANTAGE -   Reformer gas which is used as process and/or exhaust gas, is cleaned of CO without need for increased oxygen supply.
(DE19930876-A1)      A device for detecting the temperature at least one measurement site or location, such as a point and/or a zone of a fuel-cell stack and/or of a fuel-cell unit and which relays the data to a computer unit for computing a model, and in which the computer unit then determines the temperature distribution of the stack with the help of a computed model and relays this information to a control device, by means of which the temperature in the stack can be regulated.    The fuel-cell unit is a PEM- or a HTM-fuel cell and/or the fuel- cell stack comprises a PEM- or HTM-fuel cell.    USE -   For powering electric motors.    ADVANTAGE -   Prevents reduction in stack efficiency as result of inaccurate temperature measurement, and shortening of life of structural parts on account of material overloading.
(DE19930875-A1)      A high-temperature-polymer-electrolyte-membrane (HTM) fuel cell operates largely independently of the water content in the cell, and specifically contains a drying agent/desiccant. The HTM-fuel cell installation has at least one HTM-fuel-cell unit which can operate at a working pressure of up to 0.3 bar partial vacuum and/or a temperature above the boiling point of water and below the decomposition and/or melting temperature of the structural parts.    More specifically, the fuel cell installation can operate at a working pressure of 0.3 up to 5 bar absolute, and/or at a working temperature of 80 dec C up to 300 dec C.    ADVANTAGE -   Conceptionally same as PEM-fuel cell but does not have problems, such as dependency on water content in cell etc. associated with PEM-fuel cell.    (DE19962679-A1)      A high-temperature-polymer-electrolyte-membrane (HTM) fuel cell operates largely independently of the water content in the cell, and specifically contains a drying agent/desiccant. The HTM-fuel cell installation has at least one HTM-fuel-cell unit which can operate at a working pressure of up to 0.3 bar partial vacuum and/or a temperature above the boiling point of water and below the decomposition and/or melting temperature of the structural parts.    More specifically, the fuel cell installation can operate at a working pressure of 0.3 up to 5 bar absolute, and/or at a working temperature of 80 dec C up to 300 dec C.    ADVANTAGE -   Conceptionally same as PEM-fuel cell but does not have problems, such as dependency on water content in cell etc. associated with PEM-fuel cell.
(JP2001035547-A)   NOVELTY - The battery has a temperature detection hole (12) with an open top, the bottom (12a) of the hole being in contact with the battery plates. A temperature sensor (13) is mounted in the hole (12) and engaging flanges interlock with corresponding hooks (14) adjacent to the hole. The sensor end (13a) is pressed against the bottom of the hole but can be easily removed by unclipping the flanges.    USE - To detect temperature of battery elements in electrically propelled vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Easy to assemble and maintain    (CN1281268-A)   NOVELTY - The battery has a temperature detection hole (12) with an open top, the bottom (12a) of the hole being in contact with the battery plates. A temperature sensor (13) is mounted in the hole (12) and engaging flanges interlock with corresponding hooks (14) adjacent to the hole. The sensor end (13a) is pressed against the bottom of the hole but can be easily removed by unclipping the flanges.    USE - To detect temperature of battery elements in electrically propelled vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Easy to assemble and maintain
(NL1015532-C2)   NOVELTY - Battery has an arrangement (12) for determination of whether there is sufficient remaining charge to fulfill a power requirement without exceeding a level of remaining charge that would cause damage to the battery. If the remaining charge is measured as being below a critical level then an internal switch (20) is switched to prevent further charge being taken from the battery.    USE - Protection circuit to prevent a rechargeable battery or accumulator from having charge drawn from it below a level at which the battery becomes damaged and cannot be properly recharged. The invention is particularly aimed at electric vehicles such as those used inside buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Battery damage is prevented.
(JP2001045607-A)   NOVELTY - The variation of voltages of a plurality of capacitors constituting a storage apparatus is reduced to secure stored power as possible by the following contrivance as large. A plurality of capacitor banks are provided in parallel in the storage apparatus. A part of the capacitor banks are not used in accordance with the current flowing in the storage apparatus. In the unused capacitor banks, the charge of each capacitor parallel circuit is separately discharged to uniform the terminal voltage of the capacitor parallel circuit.    USE - Power source system for driving vehicle
(FR2796503-A1)   NOVELTY - Several electrochemical cells (5,6,7) are connected in series to a charger (1) for controlling the voltage and charging current. The voltage of each cell is continuously detected and when each cell reaches a predetermined voltage threshold, an increment is applied to the charging current to the multiple cells and a shunt resistance is connected in parallel with the first cell, the current in which is equal to the current increment.    USE - For electric vehicles or thermal vehicles with self-contained electric mode.    ADVANTAGE - Optimized charging using equipment of reduced weight.
(JP2001121584-A)   NOVELTY - A gasket has a gasket lip consisting of a liquid rubber hardened substance formed in one piece on the surface of a flat plate consisting of carbon, graphite, conductive resin such as conductive phenolic resin, ion exchange resin, or metal such as stainless steel and magnesium alloy, or in a groove formed in the above surface.    USE - Gasket for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Seal portion is thin. Assembling efficiency is improved. Deviation of position is prevented. Surface pressure is lowered and is uniform.
(US6277517-B1)   NOVELTY - A casing (12) containing the cells is covered by a primary cover (20) which has a splash barrel extending into cell. A secondary cover (40) bonded to the primary cover top, has an aperture (80) concentric with barrel. A baffling plug disposed in the aperture extends into its barrel.    USE - For controlling flow of gases from batteries of automobiles and trucks.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits the escape of electrolytes from the battery cell while providing a controlled path for gases to escape, by providing baffling plug having a pair of splash guards in the fill holes for each cell. Enhances the life of batteries, by providing controlled flow path for the escape of hydrogen and oxygen, and preventing acid spewing.
(US6228338-B1)   NOVELTY - Synthesizing alpha-alane in a stabilized form.    USE - Used as rocket propellants, and as a hydrogen source in fuel cells and batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Provides alpha-alane as an energy dense fuel.
(DE10027385-A1)   NOVELTY - The large frame (18) and small frame (19) are alternately provided in battery connection plate (1). The convex portion (34) are provided in battery connection plate to fit the large frame.    USE - For electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Incorrect assembling of battery connection plate is eliminated and retention strength of connection plate is also increased due to the convex portion provided in battery connection plate. Spark generation and battery damage by short circuit is prevented, since pitch gap of battery connection plate is eliminated. Size and weight reduction of assembly is obtained.
(DE10032806-A1)   NOVELTY - The storage battery comprises internal combustion housing (12) having an air intake system (14) with an storage battery (24). A tray (28) and walls (32,38,40) from a side-by-side compartments. The battery is disposed on the bottom wall of the first compartment with a cap (46) closing the open top of the second compartment (36). A emission control valve (62) is mounted on the exterior of the upright wall of the battery compartment.    USE - For use as a storage battery tuning of an engine air intake system.    ADVANTAGE - The hard mounting of the battery compartment to the underlying vehicle structure and the cantilevering of the air box to one side attenuates transmission of the objectionable intake noise and vibration frequencies through the vehicle structure.    (US6230833-B1)   NOVELTY - The storage battery comprises internal combustion housing (12) having an air intake system (14) with an storage battery (24). A tray (28) and walls (32,38,40) from a side-by-side compartments. The battery is disposed on the bottom wall of the first compartment with a cap (46) closing the open top of the second compartment (36). A emission control valve (62) is mounted on the exterior of the upright wall of the battery compartment.    USE - For use as a storage battery tuning of an engine air intake system.    ADVANTAGE - The hard mounting of the battery compartment to the underlying vehicle structure and the cantilevering of the air box to one side attenuates transmission of the objectionable intake noise and vibration frequencies through the vehicle structure.
(JP2001035461-A)   NOVELTY - In a method for arranging cells, a number of cells of an elliptic cylindrical shape are each configured in an substantially elliptic cylindrical shape having a major axis and a minor axis in its sectional shape. The sectional surface (C) including the major axis of each of the lid wall and the bottom wall of each of the cells is inclined with respect to a vertical line perpendicular to an arrangement reference surface (D).    USE - E.g. for use in electric car.    ADVANTAGE - Disposes cells in limited space without using process of changing design of cell.    (CN1282116-A)   NOVELTY - In a method for arranging cells, a number of cells of an elliptic cylindrical shape are each configured in an substantially elliptic cylindrical shape having a major axis and a minor axis in its sectional shape. The sectional surface (C) including the major axis of each of the lid wall and the bottom wall of each of the cells is inclined with respect to a vertical line perpendicular to an arrangement reference surface (D).    USE - E.g. for use in electric car.    ADVANTAGE - Disposes cells in limited space without using process of changing design of cell.
(JP2001015142-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell vehicle is driven by: (a) supplying a fuel to a reformer that is provided with a hydrogen-permeable separation membrane for generating hydrogen; (b) supplying the generated hydrogen to the fuel cell; and (c) operating a drive unit by electric power obtained to run a vehicle.    USE - For driving a fuel cell vehicle such motorcycle, railway train, and other automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The method obtains efficiently a high purity hydrogen that can be supplied to a fuel cell.
(WO200102204-A1)   NOVELTY - The arrangement has at least one reactor element (11) acting as a heat sink, at least one reactor element (13,14) acting as a heat source, a heating/cooling arrangement (16) with heating/cooling devices for the reactor elements that are connected together via a flow line (17) for a heating/cooling medium.    USE - For generating and/or delivering fuel, especially for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Developed to overcome certain disadvantages, especially to enable individual reactor elements to be cooled or heated in a simple and inexpensive manner.
(JP2000335463-A)   NOVELTY - The mounting assembly is formed from a base assembly (90) that is mounted to a collar (71) that is in turn mounted to the down tube structure (75) of the bicycle. The base assembly includes a pair of protruding terminals (108,109) that connect with the battery terminals. A facing support plate (87) is provided upon which is mounted a pivoting clamping bar (89) that can be pivoted downwards to engage a groove on the battery such that the battery is mounted in place.    USE - Battery mounting structure for an electrically assisted bicycle.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides a secure mount that can be quickly disengaged such that the battery can be removed for charging.    (CN1274654-A)   NOVELTY - The mounting assembly is formed from a base assembly (90) that is mounted to a collar (71) that is in turn mounted to the down tube structure (75) of the bicycle. The base assembly includes a pair of protruding terminals (108,109) that connect with the battery terminals. A facing support plate (87) is provided upon which is mounted a pivoting clamping bar (89) that can be pivoted downwards to engage a groove on the battery such that the battery is mounted in place.    USE - Battery mounting structure for an electrically assisted bicycle.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides a secure mount that can be quickly disengaged such that the battery can be removed for charging.
(JP2001043880-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell includes a fuel processor (2) for catalytically reacting methanol and water to form a hydrogen rich gas stream (20) that is fed into the anode chamber of a fuel cell (22). At the same time, oxygen e.g. air, from an oxidant stream (24) is fed into the cathode chamber of the fuel cell. The hydrogen and oxygen react in the fuel cell to produce electricity.    USE - Provides an early warning of power deficit and enables corrective action to be taken    ADVANTAGE - Prevents permanent deterioration of the fuel cell stack
(FR2796494-A1)   NOVELTY - The vehicle battery fixing (1) consists of a tray (2) which has sides (4,5), fixed clips (14) to engage with the battery toe, battery guides (18), supplementary stops (17) to accommodate smaller batteries and a locking and unlocking lever (8). The locking lever which has a battery clip (9) is of battery height or more and is integral with the tray through a flexible hinge area (A)    USE - To support and secure a vehicle battery    ADVANTAGE - The integral lever gives positive, reliable and simple locking and unlocking without the need for any tools. The cost of the fixing is low
(DE19931021-A1)   NOVELTY - The circuit measures the current flowing in the load (R2) connected to the higher on-board supply voltage (U2) and disconnects this load from the on-board supply if the measured current differs to an unacceptable extent from the rated current of the load connected to the higher supply voltage.    USE - For preventing polarity inversion damage.    ADVANTAGE - Protects electrical loads in an on-board supply with different voltages against polarity inversion damage that can occur when a common earth line goes open circuit.
(DE10021720-A1)   NOVELTY - Abnormality detector detects whether temperature between actual and required values of waste water combustor (15) deviates from predetermined values. A controller (21) regulates the combustion operation on sensing of abnormality condition. Required temperature is calculated based on waste water quantity consumed.    USE - For waste water combustor used for fuel cell in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Improves reliability of fuel cell by judging abnormal conditions and taking corrective action, as controller for this purpose is comprised.
(DE10020413-A1)   NOVELTY - Collectors of positive and negative electrodes of battery element has protrusions. The collectors are coated with positive and negative electrode active layers except for protruded portions. The battery element (4) is arranged so that the protruded portion contacts electroconductive elastic layers (3,8) provided to bottom portion and upper portion of battery casing (2).    USE - For use in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the protrusions are made to contact the respective electroconductive elastic layers, electroconductive connection is formed in short distance from cell reaction position of battery element, and hence destruction of electroconductive connection due to vibration during battery usage is prevented.    (CN1271971-A)   NOVELTY - Collectors of positive and negative electrodes of battery element has protrusions. The collectors are coated with positive and negative electrode active layers except for protruded portions. The battery element (4) is arranged so that the protruded portion contacts electroconductive elastic layers (3,8) provided to bottom portion and upper portion of battery casing (2).    USE - For use in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the protrusions are made to contact the respective electroconductive elastic layers, electroconductive connection is formed in short distance from cell reaction position of battery element, and hence destruction of electroconductive connection due to vibration during battery usage is prevented.
(JP2000082475-A)   NOVELTY - The separator has a corrugated portion having varying thickness of 10% or more. The separator is molded from an expanded graphite plate so that the density difference of the expanded graphite between the corrugated portions is 30% or less.    USE - For use in batteries used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Since the separator is molded from expanded graphite such that the density difference of the expanded graphite between the corrugated portions having variable thickness is 30% or less, the distortion and warpage of the corrugated portion resulting from density difference is prevented. There is very small variation in the heat conduction characteristic, electric conduction characteristic and mechanical characteristics of the separator even when the separator has complicated shape or has large size. Since the fuel gas, oxidation gas passageways can be formed with very high precision, the dimensional accuracy of the entire separator is achieved. The separator made of graphite has outstanding electrical conductive capability and cooling capability. The expanded graphite casting of predetermined size and shape is manufactured accurately without generation of cracks or swelling etc.
(FR2796205-A1)   NOVELTY - The accumulator (1') has an aluminum terminal at one end. The terminal has an aluminum cover (8') which is in contact with an external connector (3). The connector is fixed by a screw (4) entering a block (15') situated below the cover. The block is made of stainless steel, nickel steel, copper or brass. The accumulator is sealed by a metal protective cap (14') under the cover.    USE - High capacity accumulator for electric or hybrid vehicles    ADVANTAGE - High capacity accumulator with cylindrical case and a compact, reliable and efficient current connector made or pure aluminum. Sealed battery reduces electrochemical corrosion.    (JP2001052759-A)   NOVELTY - The accumulator (1') has an aluminum terminal at one end. The terminal has an aluminum cover (8') which is in contact with an external connector (3). The connector is fixed by a screw (4) entering a block (15') situated below the cover. The block is made of stainless steel, nickel steel, copper or brass. The accumulator is sealed by a metal protective cap (14') under the cover.    USE - High capacity accumulator for electric or hybrid vehicles    ADVANTAGE - High capacity accumulator with cylindrical case and a compact, reliable and efficient current connector made or pure aluminum. Sealed battery reduces electrochemical corrosion.
(US6198254-B1)   NOVELTY - The measuring apparatus includes a battery temperature sensor (13), and the gassing voltage based on temperature is determined by a gassing detection processing section (23). Gassing detection is monitored at all times, including when the vehicle is travelling. Voltage and temperature readings are used to calculate the charge current required to maintain the battery (5) in a fully charged state.    USE - To determine battery capacity by considering gassing voltage relative to temperature    ADVANTAGE - Reflects true state of battery regardless of temperature    (JP2001021625-A)   NOVELTY - The measuring apparatus includes a battery temperature sensor (13), and the gassing voltage based on temperature is determined by a gassing detection processing section (23). Gassing detection is monitored at all times, including when the vehicle is travelling. Voltage and temperature readings are used to calculate the charge current required to maintain the battery (5) in a fully charged state.    USE - To determine battery capacity by considering gassing voltage relative to temperature    ADVANTAGE - Reflects true state of battery regardless of temperature
(JP2001021628-A)   NOVELTY - The battery capacity detection system has a temperature sensor (12), and a full charge voltage calculation section (23) that modifies the voltage according to the battery temperature. The calculated voltage is then used to calculate the state of charge (22) which is then displayed on a suitable dashboard instrument.    USE - To predict state of battery charge for an electrically driven hybrid vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Accurately calculates the chargeable battery capacity    (US6275008-B1)   NOVELTY - The battery capacity detection system has a temperature sensor (12), and a full charge voltage calculation section (23) that modifies the voltage according to the battery temperature. The calculated voltage is then used to calculate the state of charge (22) which is then displayed on a suitable dashboard instrument.    USE - To predict state of battery charge for an electrically driven hybrid vehicle    ADVANTAGE - Accurately calculates the chargeable battery capacity
(DE19929550-A1)   NOVELTY - In the return lines for both fuel and oxidant, a condenser (10) removes the water product from return gas flow. Condenser sections (20) provide flow paths (23) for return flow. Further condenser sections (30) provide flow paths (33) for coolant. Condenser sections are adjacent, such that thermal exchange occurs. They are made using micro-engineering technology.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in a vehicle (claimed application).    ADVANTAGE - A step forward from prior art, this system simplifies water removal from the gases returned. It is especially compact. The water recovered can be recycled. Particularly thin metal sections are used, e.g. in the region of 10-100 microns, for the walls. Micro-engineering forms a condenser offering extremely high thermal transfer rates per unit volume. Finer points of arrangement for operation, preventing blockage and adverse reactions, are discussed in the disclosure. Low cost mass production is suggested. Conveniently, sandwich construction can be employed. The disclosure also contains some discussion of fuel cells and their wider uses.
(FR2795339-A1)   NOVELTY - The starting alcohol for the process can be obtained from a biomass origin and the waste products from the fuel cell are non-contaminating to the environment.    USE - The H2 produced by the reforming unit is used as an energy source for the fuel cell, which in turn can be used in vehicles with limited emission.    ADVANTAGE - The use of ethanol as the starting material is advantageous over methanol which is toxic and only obtainable from fossil fuel sources .A high yield of H2 is obtainable by the process of the invention.    (EP1109621-A1)   NOVELTY - The starting alcohol for the process can be obtained from a biomass origin and the waste products from the fuel cell are non-contaminating to the environment.    USE - The H2 produced by the reforming unit is used as an energy source for the fuel cell, which in turn can be used in vehicles with limited emission.    ADVANTAGE - The use of ethanol as the starting material is advantageous over methanol which is toxic and only obtainable from fossil fuel sources .A high yield of H2 is obtainable by the process of the invention.
(US6231053-B1)   NOVELTY - The seal (1) comprises a sealing body (2) with an upper side, lower side and an opening; a sealing section (7) made of liquid vulcanized rubber; and a polymer electrolyte membrane element neighboring the sealing section.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The performance of the fuel cell for the production of an electrical current is improved. The seal has a simple structure. Direct handling of the polymer electrolyte membrane is avoided.
(EP1114486-A1)   NOVELTY - Membrane-separated, bipolar multicell electrochemical reactor has bipolar plate electrodes and membrane separators alternately stackable in horizontal position with other face of frames carrying O-ring gaskets facing upward. A retention counterflange is mounted on perimetral portion of the electrode or separator on the inner flange of the frame opposite the other face.    USE - For implementing a redox flow battery system for use on nonpolluting vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical reactor has an architecture that makes it more easy to assemble by allowing to stack fully preassembled elements horizontally, one on top of the other, and suitable to be operated in the same horizontal orientation of the bipolar elements.
(JP2000345175-A)   NOVELTY - Method of selectively removing carbon monoxide, comprises preparing a catalyst bed capable of selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide and including several catalyst layers arranged in series and the catalyst layers different from each other in the temperature of application and arranged in order of the application temperature such that the catalyst layer having the highest application temperature constitutes the upstream side of the catalyst bed; and introducing a gaseous mixture containing H2, CO and an oxidizing agent of O2 into the catalyst bed through the upstream side of the catalyst bed so as to selectively oxidize and remove CO from the gaseous mixture.    USE - A method of selectively removing carbon monoxide is provided. This method is useful in polymer electrolyte fuel cells which suppress generation of a pollutant causing an air pollution for use in a motor car power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method permits a high carbon monoxide removal rate over a wide temperature range in selectively removing CO from a gaseous mixture containing H2 and CO.
(WO200139291-A2)   NOVELTY - The bipolar stack comprises zinc/air cells (1) coupled together with an anode and zinc as cathode immersed in KOH solution supplied through conduits. Preset volume of dendrite elimination zone (DEZ) (70,72) is defined between cell and conduit such that anode is enclosed within the zone and cathode is not enclosed.    USE - For electrochemical power source such as fuel cell used in electric vehicles for metal recovery apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Maximum current necessary to avoid dendrites is reduced. Since dendrite formation is prevented, short circuits and electrolyte channel blockage are prevented.
(JP2000342975-A)   NOVELTY - The selective removal of carbon monoxide comprises using a catalyst bed capable of selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide, including several catalyst layers arranged in series and different from each other in the temperature of application, and arranged in order of the application temperature, such that the catalyst layer having the highest application temperature constitutes the upstream side of the catalyst bed.    USE - The method is useful in polymer electrolyte fuel cells which suppress generation of a pollutant causing an air pollution for use in a motor car power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method permits a high carbon monoxide removal rate over a wide temperature range in selectively removing CO from a gaseous mixture containing H2 and CO.
(DE19926608-A1)   NOVELTY - Chemical reactor has a catalyst-containing reaction chamber (1) having two different types of partial reaction chambers (R1 and R2). Only chamber (R1) is released at the start of the system and is heated more quickly than chamber (R2).    USE - For a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor has improved cold start behavior.
(EP1099605-A1)   NOVELTY - The emergency call system has a battery switching function and is provided with an auxiliary battery (6). An arithmetic control unit (2) always monitors a vehicle-mounted battery voltage (+B), and ACC voltage applied during en engine operation and the voltage of the auxiliary battery (6); switches a voltage to both the battery voltage (+B) and the ACC voltage to activate the emergency call system while the engine is running, both the battery voltage (+B) and the ACC voltage are 8V or higher and an emergency is not effected; switches a voltage to the battery voltage only while the engine is not running, the battery voltage is 8V or higher and an emergency is not effected; and otherwise drives the emergency call system with the auxiliary battery (6) only.    USE - Emergency call system with battery switching function    (US2001002121-A1)   NOVELTY - The emergency call system has a battery switching function and is provided with an auxiliary battery (6). An arithmetic control unit (2) always monitors a vehicle-mounted battery voltage (+B), and ACC voltage applied during en engine operation and the voltage of the auxiliary battery (6); switches a voltage to both the battery voltage (+B) and the ACC voltage to activate the emergency call system while the engine is running, both the battery voltage (+B) and the ACC voltage are 8V or higher and an emergency is not effected; switches a voltage to the battery voltage only while the engine is not running, the battery voltage is 8V or higher and an emergency is not effected; and otherwise drives the emergency call system with the auxiliary battery (6) only.    USE - Emergency call system with battery switching function
(ZA200002552-A)   NOVELTY - A flame adjusting device comprises a tank (20) with upper and lower portions for receiving a fluid, a coupler (30) coupled to a gas generator (11), first and second hoses (40, 50) coupling the lower and upper portions to the coupler for receiving a gas from the generator, and a control valve (51) for controlling the gas to flow through the hoses.    USE - For gas generator, e.g. hydrogen or oxygen generator.    ADVANTAGE - The device is capable of adjusting the gaseous fuel from the oxygen and hydrogen generator and the flame generated by the gaseous fuel.    (US6258221-B1)   NOVELTY - A flame adjusting device comprises a tank (20) with upper and lower portions for receiving a fluid, a coupler (30) coupled to a gas generator (11), first and second hoses (40, 50) coupling the lower and upper portions to the coupler for receiving a gas from the generator, and a control valve (51) for controlling the gas to flow through the hoses.    USE - For gas generator, e.g. hydrogen or oxygen generator.    ADVANTAGE - The device is capable of adjusting the gaseous fuel from the oxygen and hydrogen generator and the flame generated by the gaseous fuel.    (GB2357833-A)   NOVELTY - A flame adjusting device comprises a tank (20) with upper and lower portions for receiving a fluid, a coupler (30) coupled to a gas generator (11), first and second hoses (40, 50) coupling the lower and upper portions to the coupler for receiving a gas from the generator, and a control valve (51) for controlling the gas to flow through the hoses.    USE - For gas generator, e.g. hydrogen or oxygen generator.    ADVANTAGE - The device is capable of adjusting the gaseous fuel from the oxygen and hydrogen generator and the flame generated by the gaseous fuel.
(JP3175928-B2)   NOVELTY - A battery element (3) consists of winding object to wind strip-shaped positive and negative electrodes (4,5) in battery jar (2) through a separator (7). An electrolyte retainer (10) is arranged opposing the positive and negative electrodes of battery element.    USE - For electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).    ADVANTAGE - As electrolyte retainer is provided opposing the strip-shaped positive and negative electrodes, charging and discharging in long term cycle is carried out, thus reduction in battery capacitance by electrolyte insufficiency, is prevented.
(DE19928068-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.    (DE20010497-U1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.    (JP2001015139-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.    (DE19928068-C2)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a water reservoir heater (40) of sufficient power for complete evaporation of the anti-freeze content of the water.    USE - In a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The system allows anti-freeze addition to the water used for moistening the fuel cell membrane during fuel cell start-up so that the fuel cell is fully functional even at sub-zero ambient temperatures.
(DE19928102-A1)   NOVELTY - The automobile (1) has an i.c. engine (2) for providing the propulsion drive and a fuel cell system (5) with an electrically-heated autothermic reformation reactor (6), followed by a shift-reactor (10), for providing the electrical energy for the automobile electrical auxiliaries. During the cold-starting phase a controlled valve (12) at the output of the shift-reactor supplies the provided gas to the engine for reducing the exhaust emission levels, the valve closed when the required operating temperature is reached, for supplying the gas to the fuel cell (15), the anode gas combined with the fuel fed to the engine..    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The automobile engine exhaust emission levels during cold-starting and normal running are reduced.
(JP2001023675-A)   NOVELTY - The warming up time of water-gas shift reactor (28) is reduced by injecting oxygen to catalyst bed (38) when the reactor is heated. The oxygen reacts exothermically with carbon monoxide (CO) in the feed gas of the reactor and the heat generated supplements the heating the reactor.    USE - For supplementing energy required for heating the water-gas shift reactor in PEM fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The exothermic heating is effectively used and the damage of catalyst is prevented as the high concentration CO feed gas is reduced to low concentration CO mixture by reacting the feed gas with oxygen. The time required to heat the water-gas shift reactor is minimized.
(WO200079626-A1)   NOVELTY - A device (10) has a rotor (11) with multiple cells (12) coated with an absorption substance. The rotor rotates in a casing (13) locked in with two cover elements (14,16) having a number of openings (15,17). A cell with stored moisture is rotated further, so that a dry flow of gas is subsequently fed into the cell through a gas inlet (26) and the openings (15) in the other cover element (14). It is there that the moisture is transferred from the absorption substance onto the dry flow of gas that is then drawn off from the cell (12) through a gas outlet (27) as a moistened flow of gas.    USE - For electro-chemical fuel cell systems in the car industry.    ADVANTAGE - Transfers moisture from flow of gas in simple manner.
(DE19930877-A1)      A fuel-cell installation has at least two separately driveable part-systems, in which the part-systems are dissimilar, and specifically have separate voltage regulation and/or power electronics. The part-systems are connected electrically in parallel, and at least one part-system of the installation is comprised of at least one high-temperature-polymer-electrolyte-membrane (HTM) fuel-cell unit and/or a polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel- cell unit.    The fuel-cell installation more specifically comprises at least one starter system and/or one low-voltage (LV) system.    ADVANTAGE -   Has facility for dynamic power matching or adjustment e.g during overtaking manoeuvres, and/or low-voltage system e.g. for operation in summer.    (DE19962681-A1)      A fuel-cell installation has at least two separately driveable part-systems, in which the part-systems are dissimilar, and specifically have separate voltage regulation and/or power electronics. The part-systems are connected electrically in parallel, and at least one part-system of the installation is comprised of at least one high-temperature-polymer-electrolyte-membrane (HTM) fuel-cell unit and/or a polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel- cell unit.    The fuel-cell installation more specifically comprises at least one starter system and/or one low-voltage (LV) system.    ADVANTAGE -   Has facility for dynamic power matching or adjustment e.g during overtaking manoeuvres, and/or low-voltage system e.g. for operation in summer.
(JP2001006657-A)   NOVELTY - A connection (11) between the terminal assembly mounted to the outside of battery enclosure portion (30) having a opening (36) and electric feed through extending through the opening, is made around the periphery of aperture of the terminal assembly and forms the current path. The aperture is sized so that upon development of preset overcurrent connection (11) is broken.    USE - For controlling flow of current from rechargeable battery using automatic circuit breaker in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Allows variations in the amount of current allowed through the connection before it automatically opens, by nearly selecting different aperture diameter. Automatically interrupts the current flow from a battery upon development of preset overcurrent.    (US6218040-B1)   NOVELTY - A connection (11) between the terminal assembly mounted to the outside of battery enclosure portion (30) having a opening (36) and electric feed through extending through the opening, is made around the periphery of aperture of the terminal assembly and forms the current path. The aperture is sized so that upon development of preset overcurrent connection (11) is broken.    USE - For controlling flow of current from rechargeable battery using automatic circuit breaker in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Allows variations in the amount of current allowed through the connection before it automatically opens, by nearly selecting different aperture diameter. Automatically interrupts the current flow from a battery upon development of preset overcurrent.
(WO200116399-A1)   NOVELTY - The liquid levels of anolyte solution and catholyte solutions are detected and fed to a central processor, to determine the pressure differential between the levels. A pressure adjustment data is generated, and fed to a pressure controller, to maintain the pressure differential within selected range.    USE - For synthesis of hydrogen and oxygen in electric chemical cell such as water electrolyzer used for various industries, maintaining desired pressure differential across cell separation membrane.    ADVANTAGE - Suits for single cell or a stack of cells. The process and system are simplified, cheap and operate even at higher temperatures and in alkali environments.
(JP2001057199-A)   NOVELTY - A battery module comprises an integrated battery case (2) having cell cases (3) coupled together in an integrated body. There is an integrated lid (4) for closing open ends of the cell cases. Communicating paths (37) are provided for communicating a number of neighboring cell cases with one another.    USE - For an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The lifetime of the module is extended, and the costs are lowered as fewer safety vents are required.    (CN1277467-A)   NOVELTY - A battery module comprises an integrated battery case (2) having cell cases (3) coupled together in an integrated body. There is an integrated lid (4) for closing open ends of the cell cases. Communicating paths (37) are provided for communicating a number of neighboring cell cases with one another.    USE - For an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The lifetime of the module is extended, and the costs are lowered as fewer safety vents are required.
(JP2000340195-A)   NOVELTY - The high power battery is provided with a holder for containing multiple rechargeable batteries (6) which are connected in series and have sensor leads (14) projecting from their end regions, and end plates with pass bars for connecting the power modules in series. The temperature sensor leads are flexible wires and are long enough to allow them to be connected outside the endplates (3).    USE - To provide a reliable and quick battery assembly method for electric vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Battery assembly cost is low
(DE19925683-A1)   NOVELTY - A negative electrode, comprises an electrode material containing an acrylic acid derivative copolymer-based latex additive and a polymeric binder containing butadiene units.    USE - The negative electrode is used for a high energy lithium ion cell, useful in satellites and electric vehicle batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode material allows the use of expanded or perforated copper sheet instead of expensive nickel foam as the substrate and has a reduced content of electrochemically non-active material (reduction from about 18 to down to 4.5 wt.%), resulting in a better cell performance than that of prior art cell types, e.g. an energy density increase from 115 to 120 Wh./kg, a factor of three improvement in storage capacity and a reduction of irreversible high temperature loss from 12 to 2.5% in the charged state at 60degreesC for 1 day.
(JP2000337605-A)   NOVELTY - The catalytic burner comprises injectors (25, 26) for liquid fuel injection into a fuel and oxidizing gas pre-mixing section (24) and into a combustion chamber (50).    USE - Especially for heating an evaporator in a vehicle fuel cell system, e.g. a solid polyelectrolyte fuel cell system operated with air and reformed methanol.    ADVANTAGE - The design provides cooling of the combustion section by evaporation of the injected liquid fuel to prevent high temperature damage to the catalyst and promotes pre-evaporation and pre-mixing of the fuel, while maintaining the catalyst operating temperature and stabilizing the flame.
(JP2001015095-A)   NOVELTY - The bussing structure includes a first plate (1) and a second plate (2) , each having a central aperture (10). Current collection tabs (22), extending from an electrode stack (20) in the electrochemical cell, extend through the central aperture in the first plate, and are then sandwiched between the first plate and second plate. The second plate is then connected to a terminal on the outside of the case of the electrochemical cell. Each of the plates includes a second aperture (6) which is positioned beneath a safety vent in the case of the electrochemical cell to promote turbulent flow of gasses through the vent upon its opening.    USE - For bussing current within electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - Allows use of current collection tabs having short length. Has low impedance which is less than or equal to 1.5 milliohms an high conductivity.    (US6245457-B1)   NOVELTY - The bussing structure includes a first plate (1) and a second plate (2) , each having a central aperture (10). Current collection tabs (22), extending from an electrode stack (20) in the electrochemical cell, extend through the central aperture in the first plate, and are then sandwiched between the first plate and second plate. The second plate is then connected to a terminal on the outside of the case of the electrochemical cell. Each of the plates includes a second aperture (6) which is positioned beneath a safety vent in the case of the electrochemical cell to promote turbulent flow of gasses through the vent upon its opening.    USE - For bussing current within electrochemical cell.    ADVANTAGE - Allows use of current collection tabs having short length. Has low impedance which is less than or equal to 1.5 milliohms an high conductivity.
(JP2001069610-A)   NOVELTY - The vehicle has a detector that measures either an output sustaining ability and a variation of it with regard to one of the two energy output sources. An output controller controls an output state of energy from each of the two energy output sources, based on a result of the measurement by the detector, so as to ensure output of a required total energy. A moving object in accordance with, the moving object is constructed as a vehicle has the at least two energy output sources includes the fuel cell.    USE - For hybrid vehicle with fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Provides vehicle with fuel cells mounted on it, which effectively uses the fuel cells as an energy output source and has excellent fuel consumption and environmental properties.    (JP2001190007-A)   NOVELTY - The vehicle has a detector that measures either an output sustaining ability and a variation of it with regard to one of the two energy output sources. An output controller controls an output state of energy from each of the two energy output sources, based on a result of the measurement by the detector, so as to ensure output of a required total energy. A moving object in accordance with, the moving object is constructed as a vehicle has the at least two energy output sources includes the fuel cell.    USE - For hybrid vehicle with fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Provides vehicle with fuel cells mounted on it, which effectively uses the fuel cells as an energy output source and has excellent fuel consumption and environmental properties.
(US6181192-B1)   NOVELTY - The circuit has a bridge circuit with a series circuit formed on one side by connecting resistances (101,102) and a series circuit on the other side formed by connecting a resistance (103), a temp.-dependent semiconducting element (104) and a temp. characteristic controller (200) containing a temp. characteristic correction element (203) with an opposite temp. characteristic to that of the semiconducting element and a differential amplifier (100). The output of the junction of the series circuit on one side of the bridge circuit and the output of the temp. characteristic controller on the other side are connected to the differential amplifier input.    USE - For use over a wide temp. range, e.g. for a vehicle control circuit.    ADVANTAGE - An excellent temp. characteristic is achieved over a wide temp. range.    (JP2000330655-A)   NOVELTY - The circuit has a bridge circuit with a series circuit formed on one side by connecting resistances (101,102) and a series circuit on the other side formed by connecting a resistance (103), a temp.-dependent semiconducting element (104) and a temp. characteristic controller (200) containing a temp. characteristic correction element (203) with an opposite temp. characteristic to that of the semiconducting element and a differential amplifier (100). The output of the junction of the series circuit on one side of the bridge circuit and the output of the temp. characteristic controller on the other side are connected to the differential amplifier input.    USE - For use over a wide temp. range, e.g. for a vehicle control circuit.    ADVANTAGE - An excellent temp. characteristic is achieved over a wide temp. range.
(EP1057997-A1)   NOVELTY - In an internal combustion engine with a fuel cell as current/voltage source, which is connected to a hydrogen-generating reformer that reforms hydrogen from a liquid fuel supplied for operating the engine, the reformer can be supplied through a pipe with a condensate of the vapor of low-boiling components of the fuel produced in a device connected to the fuel tank.    USE - The product is an internal combustion engine with a fuel cell as current/voltage source (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reformer systems for fuel cells normally use a primary alcohol (e.g. (m)ethanol) or hydrocarbon (e.g. methane, n-heptane or isooctane). The present system makes it possible to use the normal fuel as the source of fuel for rapid reforming.
(EP1056147-A2)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) is designed connected with the compressed air system (6) of the vehicle across a supply line, in order to supply air oxygen to the fuel cell system (1). The fuel cell system (1) is connected with the air compressor of the compressed air system (6) driven by the combustion engine across a supply line. An intermediate storage (6) is provided for compressed air, which is connected at the supply line, for the air oxygen to be supplied to the fuel cell system (1).    USE - Electric supply in fuel cell system in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel cell system which provides more efficient current supply than hitherto with simultaneous saving of components and corresponding method as operated as effectively as possible.    (DE19923738-C2)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (1) is designed connected with the compressed air system (6) of the vehicle across a supply line, in order to supply air oxygen to the fuel cell system (1). The fuel cell system (1) is connected with the air compressor of the compressed air system (6) driven by the combustion engine across a supply line. An intermediate storage (6) is provided for compressed air, which is connected at the supply line, for the air oxygen to be supplied to the fuel cell system (1).    USE - Electric supply in fuel cell system in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Fuel cell system which provides more efficient current supply than hitherto with simultaneous saving of components and corresponding method as operated as effectively as possible.
(EP1101792-A1)   NOVELTY - Porous film is formed from a polymer composition containing (a) a polymer having C=C double bonds in the main chain and a 5-10C aliphatic ring, and (b) another resin.    USE - The porous film is used as a separator used in batteries for electrical vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The films have good porosity, gas permeability and piercing strength, and have excellent latent heat resistance.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte composition for lead storage battery comprises (wt.%): 0.5 - 1.7 cobalt sulfate, 40 - 50 magnesium sulfate, 0.2 - 0.8 ammonium chloride, 15 - 25 aluminum chloride and 0.05 - 1.0 nicotinic acid to 100 parts distilled water.    USE - The electrolyte composition is used for a lead storage battery (claimed). Lead storage batteries are used for automobiles, emergency power supplies and standardization of electric storage.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte composition can maintain the performance of a lead storage battery at low temperature by enhancing the performance and life of the battery. The battery can be fully charged in a shorter period of time due to a greater current efficiency. The electrolyte composition extends the life of a storage battery by removing white-colored lead sulfate without corrosion at the electrode plates, which in turn may lead to recycling of waste storage batteries ruined by the lead sulfate.
(DE10007871-A1)   NOVELTY - The voltage flowed through a overheating self cut-off type switch is compared with reference voltage, when passage of fixed load current. Based on the comparison result, current more than preset current flowing through the switch is judged, based on which the switch is turned OFF. Power supplied to load is cut-off, when the turn-off state of the switch is continued for preset time.    USE - Used in motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Attains weight reduction by decreasing diameter of wire harness and need of maintenance for re-drive is prevented.
(JP2001189161-A)   NOVELTY - The abnormality signal is generated based on output value of a shock detector (31) that detects impact accident of vehicles. The supply of field fuel gas and oxidizing agent gas is stopped based on abnormality signal. The inert gas is purged in the fuel modifier and modifier is sealed by inert gas, based on abnormality signal.    USE - For fuel battery driven motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents danger caused by hydrogen gas leakage during impact accident by suspending fuel gas and air supply simultaneously. Facilitates safe storage of modifier by sealing inert gas in modifier. Avoids fire accident during vehicle accident by including water sprinkle or fire extinguisher.
(WO200076810-A1)      A power supply system for an electrically driven, safety- relevant system (1,1') in a vehicle, in which the electrical power-consumer (2,24) of the safety-relevant system is supplied with power during normal operation via an on-board electrical network (9), and during damage or impairment to the on-board network function, at least partly via an emergency power supply based on fuel cells (11).    The fuel cell system (11) includes a fuel container (13), an oxidation agent container (14), a fuel cell (12) for energy generation on the basis of a chemical reaction between the fuel and oxidation agent, and a valve unit (15) with a fuel valve (18) for controlling the fuel supply and an oxidation agent valve (19) for controlling the supply of oxidation agent to the fuel cell (12).    USE -   Braking- or steering-system in motor vehicle especially automobiles.    ADVANTAGE -   Provides reliable electric back-up (emergency) supply of safety-relevant system.
(US2001018993-A1)   NOVELTY - A base frame attached to handle, has a pair of tubes, one within another, extending in cart travel direction. The inner tube is selectively extended and retracted relative to outer tube, between base frame operative and storage positions. The base frame supports batteries in the storage area at operative position. The storage area is collapsed in retracted position.    USE - In golf grounds for carrying golf accessories.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved motorized golf bag cart with four wheels which is extremely stable on slopping or uneven terrain. Golf bag cart is quickly and easily changeable between compact storage and transport configuration. Drive motor is linked to rear, drive axle via direct gear transmission to eliminate problems with drive belts or chains.    (US6283238-B1)   NOVELTY - A base frame attached to handle, has a pair of tubes, one within another, extending in cart travel direction. The inner tube is selectively extended and retracted relative to outer tube, between base frame operative and storage positions. The base frame supports batteries in the storage area at operative position. The storage area is collapsed in retracted position.    USE - In golf grounds for carrying golf accessories.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved motorized golf bag cart with four wheels which is extremely stable on slopping or uneven terrain. Golf bag cart is quickly and easily changeable between compact storage and transport configuration. Drive motor is linked to rear, drive axle via direct gear transmission to eliminate problems with drive belts or chains.
(US6249422-B1)   NOVELTY - The capacitor module casing (20) has one mechanical connectors on each of two opposite sides. One is a plug- (22) and the other is a socket- (24) type of connector. Further capacitor casings may be joined to the first using these connectors, which in a preferred form are seen to have male and female dovetailing cross sections.    USE - To make a capacitor module for a car audio system.    ADVANTAGE - These are reservoir capacitors, supplying peak audio power more readily than car battery and wiring system can. They help reproduce bass of highest quality and loudness, to please the ear. The mechanical connections described, form a particularly simple means of building up large electrical capacities using modular units.
(EP1053972-A2)   NOVELTY - The vehicle has an electrical drive system and a rechargeable battery block (5), a drive system control unit (8) and a battery block data memory (10). The drive system can be connected to the battery block so that the data in the data memory can be read by the control unit and the data memory can be written to by control unit signals. The drive system and battery block can be connected together with a single coupling plug connector.    USE - E.g. a fork lift truck or storage equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Has a system for monitoring the state parameters of the battery block that can be manufactured at low cost.
(JP2001113960-A)   NOVELTY - The vehicle (10) has a fuel cell as its power source with a fuel tank (1), fuel reformer (2), fuel cell (3) and an electrical energy storage device (7) arranged in series in the longitudinal vehicle direction below the floor of the vehicle. A distributor is arranged in parallel with the storage device when viewed in the transverse direction    USE - Fuel cell powered electric vehicle for four to five or more persons.    ADVANTAGE - Enables an efficient arrangement of fuel cell components to be achieved without constricting the passenger or load space.
(JP2000299931-A)   NOVELTY - A control circuit includes a comparator (CMP1) which collates the voltage on the terminal of a first FET (QA) with the voltage on the terminal of a second FET (QB). A drive circuit (111) feeds a control voltage to the control terminals of the FETs according to the output of the comparator.    USE - For e.g. fuel gauge of fuel tank.    ADVANTAGE - Can be easily and cost effectively integrated since need for direct connection of shunt resistor to power supply path is made unnecessary.
(EP1097827-A2)   NOVELTY - The ventilation device uses an electrically-operated ventilator fan (3,5) incorporated in the automobile passenger seat (2,3), which is supplied with electrical energy via a solar cell device (8), mounted on the outside of the vehicle (1). The operation of the ventilation fan can be controlled by a regulator (7) between the solar cell device and the ventilation fan, in dependence on the detected temperature of the seat squab (4) and/or the backrest (6) of the passenger seat.    USE - The ventilation device is used for increasing passenger comfort of an automobile passenger seat.    ADVANTAGE - The device is operated without draining the vehicle battery.    (JP2001180253-A)   NOVELTY - The ventilation device uses an electrically-operated ventilator fan (3,5) incorporated in the automobile passenger seat (2,3), which is supplied with electrical energy via a solar cell device (8), mounted on the outside of the vehicle (1). The operation of the ventilation fan can be controlled by a regulator (7) between the solar cell device and the ventilation fan, in dependence on the detected temperature of the seat squab (4) and/or the backrest (6) of the passenger seat.    USE - The ventilation device is used for increasing passenger comfort of an automobile passenger seat.    ADVANTAGE - The device is operated without draining the vehicle battery.
(WO200127947-A1)   NOVELTY - Electrochemical capacitor consists of a single cell or a stack of single cells. Each cell comprises an electrode (8), a counter electrode (9) and an electrolyte (6) that moistens the electrodes. The electrodes are formed of an electrically conducting or semiconducting nano-structured film. Nano-structured discrete needle-like elements are anchored to one surface.    USE - Used as a double layer capacitor or super capacitor for storing energy in electrotraction and in telecommunications.    ADVANTAGE - The capacitor has improved performance.
(JP2000313239-A)   NOVELTY - The vehicle has a drive motor (1) mounted on a frame (6) in the vehicle via a vibration absorbing bearing (3-5), an air compressor (10) and an air compressor motor (11) mounted on the drive motor. The bearing is positioned to form a common bearing that absorbs vibrations of the drive motor, air compressor and air compressor motor.    USE - Vehicle with fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Vibrations in the vehicle are limited without using a bearing element exclusively for the air compressor.
(US6207308-B1)   NOVELTY - A water treatment system has fuel cell assemblies. Anode and cathode of each assembly, support anode and cathode flow field plates through which fuel and oxidant are circulated to anode and cathode, respectively. A degasifier (45) enables the circulated coolant and oxidant to interact with each other, which are treated by removing contaminants from the coolant and humidifying the oxidant.    USE - For fuel cell assembly.    ADVANTAGE - The water treatment system reduces the levels of contaminants in water circulating throughout fuel cell assembly. The efficiency of fuel cell assembly is improved by preventing the degradation of fuel cell material and decrease in conductivity of proton exchange membrane caused by shunt current corrosion. The damages caused to the functioning of fuel cell assembly are prevented by preventing contamination of water collected and circulated through the fuel cell assembly in the coolant channels.
(JP2000338204-A)   NOVELTY - A remaining capacity measuring apparatus (23) samples current I and voltage V from a current sensor (4) and a voltage sensor (5) respectively, provided in a high-voltage battery (3) included in a high voltage portion (2) every 1 millisecond. Then, it investigates voltage-current characteristic based on a current value and a voltage value during an interval in which discharge current I is, e.g. less than 10A in order to obtain a remaining capacity.    USE - For measuring a remaining capacity of a battery provided in a hybrid car in which recharge and discharge to the battery are repeated frequently at a high accuracy.    ADVANTAGE - When the characteristic of a load changes, the remaining capacity of the battery can be measured accurately.
(JP2000338203-A)   NOVELTY - Current and voltage values of a battery connected to the hybrid mechanism are sampled every millisecond. The average signal values are calculated for every set of eight data pairs and voltage-current plot is prepared. A correlation between current and voltage is calculated based on the collected data. When a strong negative correlation is found an approximate linear relationship is plotted. By substituting a predetermined current value in the plot a voltage value is defined and the remaining current capacity is established.    USE - Measuring apparatus is used in hybrid electric cars.    ADVANTAGE - Remaining battery capacity determination accuracy is increased.    (US6201373-B1)   NOVELTY - Current and voltage values of a battery connected to the hybrid mechanism are sampled every millisecond. The average signal values are calculated for every set of eight data pairs and voltage-current plot is prepared. A correlation between current and voltage is calculated based on the collected data. When a strong negative correlation is found an approximate linear relationship is plotted. By substituting a predetermined current value in the plot a voltage value is defined and the remaining current capacity is established.    USE - Measuring apparatus is used in hybrid electric cars.    ADVANTAGE - Remaining battery capacity determination accuracy is increased.
(US6230669-B1)   NOVELTY - The cooling system of the hermetically sealed engine has an upper (31) and lower (24) coolant chambers. The coolant liquid is based on glycol and has a saturation temperature higher than that of water. The liquid is circulated by a pump (42) so that it vaporizes in the engine and condenses in a radiator (54). The overflow liquid and gases are received in a sealed accumulator (78) coupled to a low pressure area of the two chambers (24,31). The accumulator has a liquid free space for receiving the gases and may be of varied volume to maintain the pressure within a predetermined limit.    USE - To prevent oxidation of the coolant and introduction of water vapor.    ADVANTAGE - Operates at relatively low static pressures.
(JP2001043878-A)   NOVELTY - In a fuel cell power generation system (1), pure hydrogen discharged from a hydrogen reservoir (2) is supplied, without being humidified, to a fuel cell (4) equipped with a heat resistant polymer membrane which functions as a medium for conducting protons. The fuel cell is operated by setting the upper limit of the operating temperature to 200degreesC.    USE - The fuel cell power generation system is used in an automobile (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer membrane containing phosphoric acid has a high heat resistance, can sufficiently withstand increases in temperature and has the ability to retain water. As a result, the operation temperature of the fuel cell and the water content do not need to be strictly controlled. The structure of the system is simplified and its weight is reduced.
(JP2000308276-A)   NOVELTY - The state of the power supplied by power supply outlets (A1 - Am) is monitored. When an overcurrent condition is detected and exceeds a preset time a command is sent to the cut-off device to interrupt the current. When an idle-up command circuit detects an increase in a supplied current, an idle-up command is issued.    USE - Vehicle battery protection system.    ADVANTAGE - Protects the battery from overcurrents and excessive consumption.
(ES2183677-A1)   NOVELTY - The biomass cell concentration and composition measurement technique comprises a process with electrical impedance metering in zones of the biomass respectively containing and not containing cells. Also claimed is apparatus implementing the process. CLAIMED APPARATUS - The apparatus employs identical electrodes to determine the variations in the cellular medium's conductivity, for correction of cell concentration estimates.    USE - In chemical engineering.
NOVELTY - An excretion based fertilizer is prepared by after-ripening a mixture of 90-95% swine, cattle or human excrement and 5 to 10% of a microbial agent containing species of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Arthrobactor genus, Cellulomonas uda, Bacillus megaterium, Micrococcus genus, Thiobacillus novellas genus and of Saccaromyces cerevisiae.    USE - The fertilizer is useful as a fertilizer for crops and improving the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil .    ADVANTAGE - The fertilizer neutralizes acidified soil and improves the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. The fertilizer increases the activity of microbes in the soil and prevents crop damage from disease and insects.
(DE10003274-A1)   NOVELTY - A system providing at least 2 components (1,2) of a gas-producing system in a fuel cell installation, especially for multi-stage reformation processes, using an evaporated and/or superheated hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon/water mixture, comprises either (A) at least 2 heat-exchangers with the zones (3b,4b) for heat energy supply connected in tandem; or (B) one or more heat-exchangers connected to a valve distributor.    USE - For fuel cells used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides the dynamic reaction capabilities required in the operation of fuel cell installations in vehicles and is flexible in terms of providing the amounts of gas required at different operating temperatures.
(DE10003275-A1)   NOVELTY - Fuel is dosed into the flow of oxidative gas and waste gases from the fuel cell (3) and/or from the gas production system (2) ahead of catalytic combustion.    USE - To vaporize and/or superheat a fuel, especially methanol/water mixture, to supply a catalytic oxidative reactor releasing the heat required when feeding a fuel cell reformer. The equipment forms e.g. part of a fuel cell power plant for an electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A rapid dynamic response is achievable. Catalytic combustion is a particularly responsive method of realizing a large turndown ratio in a short interval. The system delivers increased power very rapidly, in reaction to demand. Oxidant addition takes place before catalytic combustion, requiring no further energy for fine distribution and/or for evaporation of the additional fuel used. Atomization to fine particles is all that is required to assure catalytic combustion. No separate source of heating or separate energy source (other fuel, electricity) is required.
(DE10001064-A1)   NOVELTY - Steam reforming reactor comprises an alternating sequence of layers, each comprising a reforming zone (4) filled with an endothermic reforming catalyst, a heat-conducting partition (1) and a heating zone (2) containing an exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating (3), where the volume of the reforming zone is greater than that of the heating zone.    USE - The reactor is especially useful for converting hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives (e.g. methanol) to hydrogen for use in fuel cells, e.g. for motor vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating reduces the volume of the heating zone, thus providing a more compact reactor.
(DE19962555-A1)   NOVELTY - An apparatus for the selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a water containing gaseous mixture has catalytic material containing carbon monoxide oxidation stage (3) with an inlet (6) for transporting the oxidized gas to the gas mixture.    USE - The apparatus is suitable for combustible elements.
(DE19960815-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell block has stacked fuel cell elements (1) provided with aligned axial channels (2,3,4,5), communicating with an intermediate space (7), provided between at least 2 adjacent fuel cell elements, via radial channels (8a,8b,8c) for flow of a gas or liquid medium between the axial channels and the intermediate space or vice versa. Selected radial channels are provided as blind radial channels (9a,9b) which do not communicate with the axial channel.    USE - The fuel cell block is used for providing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell block accommodates different fuel cell elements.
(US2001008073-A1)   NOVELTY - A heavier hydrocarbon fraction is separated from gaseous hydrocarbon feed by subcooling a first liquid stream. The subcooled stream is expanded and passed to a fractionation column. A separated lights fraction of the feed is cooled by transferring heat to the expanded stream, and is introduced to upper part of the column. The heavier hydrocarbon fraction is recovered as bottom fraction.    USE - The method is for separating heavier hydrocarbon fraction from gaseous hydrocarbon feed. The heavier hydrocarbon can be ethane from natural gas and/or olefins, e.g. ethylene, from gases in petroleum refining or petrochemicals manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - The first liquid stream and separated lights fraction with the expanded stream are heat-exchanged against the evaporating stream from the subcooled stream, thus producing a stream of low temperature that leads to reduced overheads temperature and increased recovery.
(FR2802919-A1)   NOVELTY - Alkylation of isobutane comprises: (a) reacting an isobutane-rich feed (3) with a light-olefin-rich feed (2); (b) passing the effluent to a fractionation column (6); (c) recycling the isobutane-rich fraction (9) to the alkylation reactor; and (d) purifying the n-butane-rich fraction (8) to reduce its C5+ content, passing it through an isomerization reactor (16) to convert n-butane to isobutane, and recycling it to the fractionation column.    USE - The alkylate product is useful as an aviation fuel additive or high-octane gasoline blending stock.    ADVANTAGE - Step (d) allows the amount of fresh isobutane required to maintain a given alkylate yield to be reduced, e.g. by 21.75% compared with a similar process with C5+ removal but no isomerization, and by 6.55% compared with a similar process with isomerization but no C5+ removal.
(JP2001176525-A)   NOVELTY - The PEM fuel cell has serpentine flow field channels (66a-j) comprising a number of serially-linked serpentine segments extending between inlet and exhaust manifolds (72,74) . Each segment has an inlet leg, an exit leg, at least one medial leg between them and hairpin curved ends connecting the medial leg(s) to other legs of the segment. A bridging section of each flow channel connects adjacent segments of the same channel one to the next. The hairpin-curved ends of the medial legs are spaced from bridging sections by different distances depending on the difference in pressure in the bridging section and the hairpin-curved ends.    USE - As PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Flow channel configuration has low pressure drop between adjacent legs of same channel and between ends of legs and adjacent supply/exhaust manifolds.
(DE19962197-A1)   NOVELTY - Fertilizer (I) comprises at least one biodegradable or soil-compatible base structure carrying ion exchanger and/or chelating functional groups and/or structures, on which ions which directly or indirectly promote plant growth (preferably nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, magnesium and/or potassium) are stored, provided that the ions are anions if the base is soil-compatible rather than biodegradable.    USE - The use of (I) for fertilizing plants is claimed. (II) Is useful as a base material for production of (I).    ADVANTAGE - (I) has a high active agent content and can be produced easily and cheaply. The base materials (especially after treatment as for (II)) generally have a binding capacity of more than 50 milliequivalents/g. The ion components of (I) (especially nitrate) can be absorbed from waste materials, e.g. effluents from food production, clarification or biogas plants. The biodegradability and ion release properties of (I) are controllable, e.g. to provide slow release over a long period.
(JP2001216986-A)   NOVELTY - The humidifying system takes in outside air through an inlet (11) and gathers moisture from the exhaust gas released by the fuel cell (1). Highly wet air is formed in the humidifier (4) which communicates with both the piping (5) for air, and the piping (6) for exhaust gas. The highly wet air together with hydrogen is then supplied to the fuel cell (1) for the generation of electrical power. The wet air also supplies moisture to the membrane to maintain the water saturated condition.    USE - To maintain good ionic conduction by applying moisture to the solid polymer membrane.    ADVANTAGE - Improved efficiency with reduced size of humidifier and supercharger.
(WO200140400-A1)   NOVELTY - A refrigerant composition comprises : (a) at least 35 wt.% pentafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, hexafluoro-cyclopropane, and/or trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane; (b) at least 30 wt.% 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, and/or 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane; and (c) 1 to less than 2.3 wt.% n-butane or isobutane.    USE - As a refrigerant in a refrigeration apparatus (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composition is highly compatible with mineral oil lubricants which have been conventionally used with chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants.
(EP1109242-A2)   NOVELTY - One possible simple design of an integrated manifold reformer (5) may be used when it is desired to have all the reforming heat taken from the hot chamber (16). Insulation (23) is placed between the catalyst (13) and the fuel-cell stack (103) to eliminate most of the heat (Q) from the stack. Insulation is also placed outside the manifold enclosure (10) to reduce initial heating rate of the fuel gas (14). The flow passage is a simple one-pass configuration where gas flows from the inlet through the bed of catalyst to provide reformed fuel gas for the stack, it flows towards the end (18) of the manifold enclosure and then into the plenum region (21).    USE - Provides an improved integrated manifold arrangement for fuel-cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - Enables simple plumbing, performs all the functions of a prior manifold and the functions of the reformer, and gives a compact power system.
(JP2001185172-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell has a portion of the fuel gas flow passage, that is located near a fuel gas inlet, arranged close to a portion of the oxygen-containing gas flow passage that is located near an oxygen-containing gas outlet with an ion exchange membrane of 20 - 60 microns thickness between the gas passages.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - It is possible to easily and smoothly supply water which is produced in the oxygen-containing gas flow passage to the fuel gas flow passage. Thus non-humidifying operation is performed for the fuel cell. Initial humidification is performed in a short period of time. Gas humidifying device is small in size and economical.
(DE19957444-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has an anode (1), a cathode (3) and an intermediate electrolyte (2), with introduction and discharge of an oxidizing agent to and from the cathode space (5), which forms part of an oxidizing agent circuit (8), around which the oxidizing agent can be circulated by a fan (9) and in which a water separator (10) can be incorporated.    USE - The fuel cell is used for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell does not require a high pressure pump for providing a relatively high pressure in the cathode space.
(DE10101059-A1)   NOVELTY - The separator plate (1) has regular projections and two plates are bonded together and disposed between a pair of unit cells (12). Each cell consists of a polymer electrolyte film (9) sandwiched between an anode (10) and a cathode (11). Hydrogen fuel gas flow passages (13) are formed on the sides of the electrodes. Projections (2,3) on the plates form spaces (14) separated from the gas flow passages and are designed for the flow of coolant.    USE - To ensure good contact between plate and electrode, and to minimize internal resistance of the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Produces plates with high dimensional accuracy and precision.
(WO200140139-A1)   NOVELTY - Sedimentation in a first chamber (1) is used to separate the effluent into faeces and liquid fractions, then liquid fraction is supplied to a second chamber (2), and then the pH in the first chamber is increased so that ammonia is expelled into the second chamber.    USE - For hygienically recycling toilet or latrine effluent in order to convert it into fertilizer.    ADVANTAGE - The spread of stomach or intestinal bacteria or viruses via the effluent is prevented and effective separation is carried out, yielding a fraction rich in nutrient salts such as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, and a nitrogen-rich fraction containing e.g. urea, ammonia and nitrate.
(DE19949347-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has at least two electrodes (2'), each with at least one gas feed (8) for a reaction gas and a liquid electrolyte (6). The gas feeds of the electrodes each have an inlet and are arranged perpendicularly to the direction of travel of the ions under load traveling through the electrode arrangement. The cell is an undivided fuel cell and the gas feeds have at least one outlet each.    USE - Especially an undivided fuel cell with electrodes filled with electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes certain disadvantages of conventional fuel cells, e.g. difficulties with heat management.    (JP2001143724-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell has at least two electrodes (2'), each with at least one gas feed (8) for a reaction gas and a liquid electrolyte (6). The gas feeds of the electrodes each have an inlet and are arranged perpendicularly to the direction of travel of the ions under load traveling through the electrode arrangement. The cell is an undivided fuel cell and the gas feeds have at least one outlet each.    USE - Especially an undivided fuel cell with electrodes filled with electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Overcomes certain disadvantages of conventional fuel cells, e.g. difficulties with heat management.
(US6283676-B1)   NOVELTY - Biodegrading municipal solid waste, comprises placing a first lift of waste material on top of leachate withdrawal piping which is on a bottom of landfill bioreactor, placing a first piping layer on first lift top, placing a second lift on top of first piping layer, placing a second piping layer on second lift top and introducing air into second lift using first piping layer.    USE - The method is useful for biodegrading municipal solid waste.    ADVANTAGE - The method increases landfill density and capacity, accelerates landfill aerobic and/or anaerobic degradation, and improves degradation by-product quality.
(US6284138-B1)   NOVELTY - A sewage pre-treatment is introduced into a pipeline infrastructure of a sewage treatment system by introducing a biological activity enhancing agent to convert the untreated sewage from an untreated state to a pre-treated state.    USE - In municipal sewage treatment systems.    ADVANTAGE - The invention increases the capacity of the sewage treatment facility without major capital investment and attains higher biological efficiencies.
(NL1013876-C2)   NOVELTY - A low-temperature fuel cell assembly has sweeping gas circuit for fuel gas. The sweeping gas circuit is connected to the inlet and outlet of the anode, and is provided with a sweeping gas discharge. A receiving section is connected to the sweeping gas circuit via a semi-permeable wall. Mechanism device is arranged in the sweeping gas circuit and comprises a chemical reactor.    USE - As low-temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention removes small amount of sweeping gas during operation of the fuel cell, thus preventing accumulation of undesired gases. It does need separate supply of sweeping gas, thus it can be of simpler construction. The result of which is a decrease in operating cost, and increase in efficiency of the assembly.
(CN1295035-A)   NOVELTY - The organic substance processing apparatus has a treatment tank (1) which contains carrier of microorganism to decompose the organic substance such as organic refuse by stirring the mixture with the blade (6). The sensor (15) to detect the moisture content in the tank, is provided at the outside bottom of the tank.    USE - For processing organic substances such as organic refuse.    ADVANTAGE - Detects the moisture content in the tank without providing sensor inside the tank but providing outside the tank in exposed position and hence prevents damage of sensor and enables accurate detection.
(US2001009771-A1)   NOVELTY - A container comprising an upper chamber, a lower chamber, and a planar divider wall dividing the chambers, where the divider wall is movable to permit a decomposing material to fall from the upper chamber to the lower chamber, is new.    USE - The invention is used for composting a material, e.g., waste vegetable, to produce an end-product suitable for incorporation with the soil or for surface application to the soil as a mulch in which plants are to be grown.    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows easy removal of fully decomposed material without contaminating the fully decomposed material with fresher partially decomposed material.
(DE19958404-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-stage unit for selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a stream of hydrogen (H2)-rich gas mixture, in which each stage has CO oxidation zone(s), can be cooled and can be supplied with oxidant on the inlet side, has not less than 3 cooled CO oxidation stages. The first two have a common cooling cycle; and the third has an independent cooler and is a combination reactor, in which the cooler is used for reforming a H2-rich medium.    USE - The unit is especially useful for removing CO from H2-rich reformate from a mobile gas generator in fuel cell-operated vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit allows optimum utilization of the thermal energy in the system, e.g. in the vaporizer and/or reformer, and is suitable for dynamic installation. The individual stages are very compact and hence can be installed cost-effectively.    (US2001005498-A1)   NOVELTY - A multi-stage unit for selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a stream of hydrogen (H2)-rich gas mixture, in which each stage has CO oxidation zone(s), can be cooled and can be supplied with oxidant on the inlet side, has not less than 3 cooled CO oxidation stages. The first two have a common cooling cycle; and the third has an independent cooler and is a combination reactor, in which the cooler is used for reforming a H2-rich medium.    USE - The unit is especially useful for removing CO from H2-rich reformate from a mobile gas generator in fuel cell-operated vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit allows optimum utilization of the thermal energy in the system, e.g. in the vaporizer and/or reformer, and is suitable for dynamic installation. The individual stages are very compact and hence can be installed cost-effectively.
(WO200145523-A1)   NOVELTY - A vegetable biomass is continuously separated into fluid phase and solid containing phase by mixing moist vegetable biomass and recycled aqueous juice, and allowing denser material to sink. The mixture is comminuted to produce a slurry separated into aqueous juice and mush. The aqueous juice is divided into major and minor portions. The major portion is recycled and the minor portion is removed.    USE - The method is used for continuous separation of vegetable biomass into fluid phase and solid containing phase of pulpy consistency. The solid containing phase or mush is utilized for the production of fiber products and optionally for the extraction of other organic products. It can also be used for producing small biocompatible pellets, e.g. fodder pellets; and larger biocompatible products of higher strength, e.g. mats, boards and molded pots.    ADVANTAGE - The method does not produce waste product, since aqueous juice and mush are all utilized.
(JP2001167777-A)   NOVELTY - The PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell has serpentine flow field channels (86,88,90,92), and each channel has an inlet leg, an exit leg, at least one medial leg between them and hairpin curves connecting the legs to each other. The legs all extend in the same general direction between a gas supply (72) and gas exhaust manifold (74). One of the inlet and exit legs is longer than the other while the medial leg is shorter than the shortest of the inlet/exit leg. The land(s) defining the medial leg(s) of adjacent channels are generally aligned lengthwise.    USE - As PEM fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides serpentine flow channels whose length can be varied at will, without regard for distance between manifolds and without having any unused space in flow field.
(DE19955929-A1)   NOVELTY - An autothermal reaction is initiated in a primary zone between the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing fluid to heat the reformer to the required temperature, followed by an injection of water. A reforming process is then effected in a secondary zone in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - The system can be used for the generation of gas for fuel cells, possible for use in automobiles to generate electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The automatic reformer, once initiated, rapidly attains the required temperature, and minimizes the production of undesirable by-products such as soot.
(DE10065226-A1)   NOVELTY - Depositing metal having high corrosion resistance and low contact resistance against carbon on a separator for a fuel cell, comprises: projecting a solid plating material of core particles having higher hardness than the separator, and coated with high corrosion resistant metal having low contact resistance against carbon, to compulsorily deposit metal coated on the solid plating material to the separator.    USE - For treating fuel cell separators.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces separator costs and weight by reducing thickness.
(FR2800748-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of Burkholderia cepacia CIP-I-2052 comprises introducing the bacterium to a medium containing a cobalt salt(s) in air or oxygen and recovering an inoculum, is new.    USE - For treating effluent contaminated by bacteria.    (JP2001186873-A)   NOVELTY - Production of Burkholderia cepacia CIP-I-2052 comprises introducing the bacterium to a medium containing a cobalt salt(s) in air or oxygen and recovering an inoculum, is new.    USE - For treating effluent contaminated by bacteria.
(WO200119954-A1)   NOVELTY - An assembly (10, 20) of parallel tubes (14) projects into the reaction chamber of the fermenter (2), carrying nozzles.    USE - A bioreactor for solids, including insoluble wastes and low grade feedstocks. Solids cited in claims include solubilized brown coal, wood and contaminated ground. Nothing restricts processing of more conventional bio-feedstocks.    ADVANTAGE - The method opens the way for fermentation of less soluble materials and particulates. In particular, it promotes the thorough mixing required when attempting to ferment such materials. Any conventional feedstock can be supplied, including both municipal and industrial wastes. Contaminated earth containing chemical and biological species are treated. In addition, raw materials of the chemical industry are pre-treated. Solubilization of lignite and its treatment are further discussed in the disclosure. A quantified, laboratory-scale example of lignite fermentation is described, with references.
(JP2001149779-A)   NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises platinum supported on an aluminum oxide hydrate carrier.    USE - For selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high selectivity.
(JP2001180907-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (EP1110907-A1)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (JP2001199707-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    (JP2001220109-A)   NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.
(EP1108965-A1)   NOVELTY - A multicomponent fluid is distilled by providing partitioned section (125) having vertical (129) and end separating elements (131) to isolate the partitioned section from the intermediate distillation section.    USE - For distillation of a multicomponent fluid containing at least three components.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive process minimizes vapor and liquid maldistribution in any partitioned section used to recover a component enriched in an intermediate-volatility component.
(DE19950173-A1)   NOVELTY - Final breakdown of fresh compost is accelerated by an earthworm colony moving through a steady incoming compost supply on a moving conveyor in a continual process.    USE - Process and assembly to accelerate the final decomposition of rotting vegetable matter with the aid of earthworms.    ADVANTAGE - The process achieves good control of the composting advancement.
NOVELTY - An apparatus for intermittent gasification of fermenting organic waste in a container comprises a tank (8) whose pressure chamber (9) is fitted with a gas inlet (10) and outlet (11), is new.    USE - For intermittent gasification of fermenting organic waste in a container.    ADVANTAGE - The tank can be moved from a horizontal to a vertical position and its connections are separate from the pressure-operated components, allowing blockages to be easily cleared.
(WO200145190-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell power plant that includes a fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly which is positioned between an anode support plate and a cathode support plate, and porous water transport plates adjacent the anode and cathode support plate.    USE - Fuel cells having current densities of about 1.6 A m-2 are achieved with air stoichiometries of less than 2.50.    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the interdigitated flow channels into the porous water transport plates and operating the fuel cell at a pressure differential allows the coolant water to saturate the water transport plates forcing the reactant gases into the anode and cathode support plate. This increases the mass transfer of the gases into the support plates, thereby increasing the electrical performance of the fuel cell.    (WO200145191-A1)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell power plant that includes a fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly which is positioned between an anode support plate and a cathode support plate, and porous water transport plates adjacent the anode and cathode support plate.    USE - Fuel cells having current densities of about 1.6 A m-2 are achieved with air stoichiometries of less than 2.50.    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the interdigitated flow channels into the porous water transport plates and operating the fuel cell at a pressure differential allows the coolant water to saturate the water transport plates forcing the reactant gases into the anode and cathode support plate. This increases the mass transfer of the gases into the support plates, thereby increasing the electrical performance of the fuel cell.
(FR2802202-A1)   NOVELTY - Composting waste animal meal and/or vegetable fat by making a mixture of 10 - 40 % animal meal and/or vegetable fat, at most 50 % fibrous material, at most 10 % absorbent material and the remainder is fruit pulp.    USE - Composting waste fat such as from pre-treatment of industrial or municipal waste water, etc.    ADVANTAGE - composting is simpler, safer and uses less energy than incineration.
NOVELTY - A safe liquid fuel (60) comprises butane, hexane and pentane as main components. The fuel is maintained in liquid state at normal temperature and pressure, and even at the temperature higher than atmospheric temperature.    USE - As safe liquid fuel for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) used for combustor of gas furnace and water heaters. Also used in arbitrary districts.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel does not have toxicity, does not produce gas explosion, and has environmental conservation function. The liquid fuel is applicable to arbitrary districts, irrespective of climate.
(JP2001189163-A)   NOVELTY - The device has a compressor, a high pressure compressor and a unit with two coupled synchronous machines. The first machine can be connected to a storage battery and the second can be connected to fuel cell electrical outputs. The rectifiers and machine field windings are connected to a circuit that controls the first machine as a motor and the second to idle during starting and the second as a motor and the first as a generator after starting.    USE - For generating electrical energy with a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Developed to simplify the device and to improve its overall efficiency.
(DE19962260-A1)   NOVELTY - A waste disposal composting installation has a series of cells each with a forced air ventilation system, the arrangement facilitates control of the air supply and humidity in accordance with the state of decomposition.    USE - Waste disposal composting cell bank installation with forced air ventilation and chimney effect ventilation.    ADVANTAGE - The dual system minimizes the time required for full composting without supplementary heat or the injection of micro-organisms.
(JP2001146407-A)   NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide purification apparatus comprises a feeding device (1) for feeding hydrogen gas, a catalyst reaction device (2) having a catalyst body (2a) supporting a platinum type catalyst, an induction device (3) to introduce hydrogen gas containing the carbon monoxide and an oxygen gas feeding device to feed oxygen into the catalyst reaction device.    USE - Used in the purification of carbon monoxide in low temperature fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus recovers catalysts activities reduced by carbon monoxide, has good work safety and reduces stability of carbon monoxide in hydrogen.
(DE19953404-A1)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has at least one membrane-electrode unit with proton conducting membrane electrolyte membrane between an anode and a cathode, the anode and cathode sides of the electrolyte membrane provided with respective gas distribution structures, having channels for feeding the anode or cathode gas from an entry region to an exit region. A coolant distribution structure has channels for leading a coolant gas from an entry region to an exit region, with an overlap between the coolant gas entry region and the cathode gas exit region, for condensation of the water vapor in the discharged cathode gas.    USE - The fuel cell stack is used for generating electrical power, e.g. for an electrically-operated vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The condensation of the water vapor within the fuel cell is effected without reducing the efficiency of the fuel cell stack.
(FR2800728-A1)   NOVELTY - Treatment of aqueous effluents to reduce their content of ethers (I) comprises growing Gordonia terrae CIP I-2194 in presence of a substrate (II), then degrading (I) in the effluent using the resulting biomass, in presence of (II). (I) is one or more of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and/or tert-pentyl methyl ether (TAME).    USE - The method is used to eliminate (I), added to lead-free petrol to increase its octane number, from water, e.g. where this has become contaminated by accidental spillage.    ADVANTAGE - CIP I-2194 is constitutive for degradation of (I); contrast known strains which are inducible for degradation, so show a period of latency during growth.
(DE19947339-A1)   NOVELTY - An agricultural methane generator reactor vessel has an externally-fitted inlet shaft with sub-surface release of inputs, and a higher-located outlet for spent residues.    USE - Bio-reactor for the generation of especially methane from farm wastes. The inlet arrangement allows vegetable matter which might otherwise float on fluid, to be introduced under the fluid surface, speeding initiation of the fermentation reaction and break-down.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor reduces the time taken for completion of the fermentation reaction process.    (DE19947340-A1)   NOVELTY - An agricultural methane generator reactor vessel has an externally-fitted inlet shaft with sub-surface release of inputs, and a higher-located outlet for spent residues.    USE - Bio-reactor for the generation of especially methane from farm wastes. The inlet arrangement allows vegetable matter which might otherwise float on fluid, to be introduced under the fluid surface, speeding initiation of the fermentation reaction and break-down.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor reduces the time taken for completion of the fermentation reaction process.
(WO200136584-A2)   NOVELTY - An agricultural fermentation silo (1) has a chamber (2) holding a charge of fermenting straw or hay and is filled to a pre-determined level (2a) . The charge is agitated by a rotating array of overhead height-adjustable mixer blades (3a-g) which are repeatedly lowered into and lifted from the charge.    USE - Fermenting silo for waste organic agricultural by-products such as straw.    ADVANTAGE - Regular break-down of the crust speeds completion of the fermentation process.
NOVELTY - Monitoring and detecting different phenomena, e.g. local variations in pH, salinity, hydrocarbon composition, temperature, pressure and microorganisms by chemically immobilizing/integrating tracers in the formation or constructions or filters around the wells, and detecting the tracers downstream providing information about the various zones/sections, is new.    USE - For monitoring the hydrocarbon and water production from different production zones/sections in a hydrocarbon reservoir and/or injection wells and detection of different phenomena, e.g. local variations in pH, salinity, hydrocarbon composition, temperature, pressure, microorganisms, and the difference between production of formation and/or injection water from various zones/sections. The method is used in a local alarm system for water breakthrough and is used for oil and gas recovery (IOR) in horizontal production and injection wells.    ADVANTAGE - The invention determines the local and detailed information about the phenomena, using a fluid intelligent and reliable tracer technique together with a relatively simple data detection system, which requires no equipment downhole during production. Thus, the well hole remains unchanged resulting lower pressure drop. Since there is no equipment down-hole, there is no need for equipment maintenance either. The method gives both short time and long time information, which can be used for, e.g. for early warning, start phase detection, or long time monitoring. It also uses no radioactive isotopes, or any material harmful to the environment. It enables measurement of the difference between productions of formation and/or injection water from various zones/sections in a hydrocarbon reservoir.
(CN1282622-A)   NOVELTY - Process for purifying air comprises thermally adsorbing air to be purified at a first temperature in a first adsorption zone containing a first adsorbent to completely remove water vapor and/or carbon dioxide and then in a second adsorption zone containing a second adsorbent containing strongly nitrogen-bonding metal ions, before feeding a regeneration gas into the first adsorption zone at a second higher temperature.    USE - For removing water, carbon dioxide, laughing gas, ethylene and/or propane.    ADVANTAGE - Impurities in the air can be reliably removed.    (DE19935383-A1)   NOVELTY - Process for purifying air comprises thermally adsorbing air to be purified at a first temperature in a first adsorption zone containing a first adsorbent to completely remove water vapor and/or carbon dioxide and then in a second adsorption zone containing a second adsorbent containing strongly nitrogen-bonding metal ions, before feeding a regeneration gas into the first adsorption zone at a second higher temperature.    USE - For removing water, carbon dioxide, laughing gas, ethylene and/or propane.    ADVANTAGE - Impurities in the air can be reliably removed.    (JP2001062238-A)   NOVELTY - Process for purifying air comprises thermally adsorbing air to be purified at a first temperature in a first adsorption zone containing a first adsorbent to completely remove water vapor and/or carbon dioxide and then in a second adsorption zone containing a second adsorbent containing strongly nitrogen-bonding metal ions, before feeding a regeneration gas into the first adsorption zone at a second higher temperature.    USE - For removing water, carbon dioxide, laughing gas, ethylene and/or propane.    ADVANTAGE - Impurities in the air can be reliably removed.
(GB2355577-A)   NOVELTY - The system comprises a low temperature fuel cell and reactor system, with a reformer for converting fuel containing hydrogen into reformed gas, which includes hydrogen gas flow and secondary product gas flow.    USE - Fuel cell power production system, for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell reacts quickly to large power demands. Does not have to consider carbon monoxide or other harmful gases. The motor of an electric vehicle can start in less than 3 seconds. The fuel cell power generation system is lighter, smaller and more economic than other fuel cells.
(DE19954631-C2)   NOVELTY - Working up domestic waste and recovering valuable materials comprises spreading and isolating the waste components on a sorting surface (17) and reading off individual components. The sorting surface is connected to an evacuated and heated treatment chamber (8) in which the waste is heated to at least 80 degrees C, dried and sterilized.    USE - For working up domestic waste and recovering valuable materials from households, hotels, guesthouses, canteens and administrative buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The waste can be treated without using a crushing stage.
(JP2001148254-A)   NOVELTY - Hydrogen-oxygen fuel system is operated by providing a reformate gas having a carbon monoxide content, and subjecting the carbon monoxide to an oxidation reaction with oxygen to produce a feed stream for the fuel cell. A series of pulses of oxygen-containing gas are generated and injected into the reformate gas, while the pulse duration and/or interval between pulses is varied.    USE - For existing fuel cell systems and process controllers.    ADVANTAGE - Enhances oxidation of CO to carbon dioxide, while minimizing excessive oxidation of hydrogen to hydrogen oxide. The method thus, enhances operation of the fuel cell system.
(ZA200005520-A)   NOVELTY - A thermal swing adsorption process uses X-type zeolite with silicon/aluminum ratio of zeolitic phase of 0.9-1.3 for removing dinitrogen oxide(s) and hydrocarbon(s) from a gas stream.    USE - For removal of N2O and hydrocarbons from a gas stream.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a highly purified air stream entering the cryogenic air separation unit resulting in a much safer plant and enabling the air separation unit to give products, which have an even higher purity than that attained by the conventional process.    (JP2001129342-A)   NOVELTY - A thermal swing adsorption process uses X-type zeolite with silicon/aluminum ratio of zeolitic phase of 0.9-1.3 for removing dinitrogen oxide(s) and hydrocarbon(s) from a gas stream.    USE - For removal of N2O and hydrocarbons from a gas stream.    ADVANTAGE - The process provides a highly purified air stream entering the cryogenic air separation unit resulting in a much safer plant and enabling the air separation unit to give products, which have an even higher purity than that attained by the conventional process.
(WO200123302-A1)   NOVELTY - Production of a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned synthetic gas comprises carrying out pyrolysis and/or vapor reforming of a carbon-containing material in the presence of an exothermic CO2-binding adsorber material so that carbon dioxide formed is removed from the product gas produced completely or controlled partially by the adsorber material, and regenerating the adsorber material periodically using a thermal desorption reaction with the release of CO2.    USE - For a fuel cell system in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    (DE19946381-C2)   NOVELTY - Production of a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned synthetic gas comprises carrying out pyrolysis and/or vapor reforming of a carbon-containing material in the presence of an exothermic CO2-binding adsorber material so that carbon dioxide formed is removed from the product gas produced completely or controlled partially by the adsorber material, and regenerating the adsorber material periodically using a thermal desorption reaction with the release of CO2.    USE - For a fuel cell system in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.
(JP2001104931-A)   NOVELTY - Waste treatment system (I) comprises a waste-receiving pit; separator(s) for waste materials having specific gravity less than or equal to and above that of water; crusher(s) to produce liquid product; acetogenic fermenter(s) receiving liquid product; methanogenic fermenter(s); and liquid feed line(s).    USE - (I) is used for treating unsorted municipal solid waste, e.g., food scraps, yard waste, organic materials, paper, cardboard, rags, plastic material, glass, wires, light gauge metallic containers, heavy metal pipes, iron castings.
(NL1013525-C2)   NOVELTY - Production of fertilizer from organic residues (OR) comprises individually pretreating OR of different origin, analyzing the different OR for dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, potash and/or magnesium, individually storing different OR, mixing OR in a ratio based on the analysis results and homogenizing, composting and pasteurizing the mixture.    USE - The process is useful for producing fertilizer from garden and kitchen waste or compost, products obtained from reprocessed animal waste, animal manure, green waste from parks, and waste from mushroom culture, greenhouse culture, arable farming and the plant processing industry.    ADVANTAGE - The proportions of nutrients in the fertilizer can be adapted to the user's requirements.
(DE19949425-A1)   NOVELTY - A machine to turn over rotting material, and especially compost, has a turning drum (10) which swings or can be swung, and can be set at an acute angle to the working line (A) followed by the machine (1). The conveyor for the compost is behind the turning drum (10), and across the working line (A).    USE - The machine is for turning over rotting material, and especially compost.    ADVANTAGE - The turning machine can be used effectively where the compost is laid in restricted spaces.
(FR2798879-A1)   NOVELTY - Treatment of cork (including cork-based materials) involves contacting with a pressurized dense fluid (I), optionally together with a cosolvent (II), at 10-120 (preferably 40-80) degreesC under a pressure of 10-600 (preferably 100-300) bars.    USE - The process, using a combination of (I) and (II), is specifically used (method claimed) for selectively removing organic contaminants, especially contaminants responsible for undesirable tastes and/or odors, particularly (poly)chlorophenols, other phenolic compounds, (poly)chloroanisoles and other anisole derivatives, most particularly pentachlorophenol, trichloroanisole and tetrachloroanisole. The cork is specifically used in the form of boards, plates or especially stoppers. The process is particularly used for treating stoppers for wine bottles to prevent adverse effects on the odor and/or taste (i.e. 'corking').    ADVANTAGE - Undesirable components are removed selectively without affecting the components providing the mechanical properties of the cork. The cork is cleaned and/or decontaminated with high efficiency. Microorganisms (e.g. bacteria or fungi) are at least partially eliminated, and any triazole fungicides or pyrethroid insecticides are also removed.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for treating organic waste comprises a selector (1) to remove inorganic materials e.g. metal, vinyl and glass, a transport pipe (2), a crusher (3) and a pretreatment tank (5).    USE - For treating organic waste material, water treatment and for making useful substances from the fermentation by-products e.g. enzymes, yeast, microorganisms, manure and provender (claimed).
(DE19947755-A1)   NOVELTY - An autothermal reforming reactor comprises an endothermic reaction zone for the reforming reaction; an exothermic reaction zone, in which energy for the reforming reaction is released; and a quenching zone connected to the reaction zones for quench cooling the reactor gas stream by adding a liquid.    USE - For operating fuel cells having polymer membranes by reforming liquid hydrocarbons such as gasoline or diesel.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature distribution is optimized.
(DE19951194-A1)   NOVELTY - The final breakdown of fresh compost is accelerated by an earthworm colony moving through a steady incoming compost supply on a moving conveyer in a continual process.    USE - Process and assembly to accelerate the final decomposition of rotting vegetable matter with the aid of earthworms.    ADVANTAGE - The process achieves good control of the composting advancement.
(FR2794469-A1)   NOVELTY - Thermal cracking process of high severity type is used to process a charge comprising at least 80 wt.% of 2-4C hydrocarbons and at least 20 wt.% of hydrocarbons of ethane and propane group.    USE - In oil processing and petrochemical industry, as steam cracking process of highly severe regime for charge containing ethane and/or propane.    ADVANTAGE - High degree of conversion is obtained.    (NL1015130-C2)   NOVELTY - Thermal cracking process of high severity type is used to process a charge comprising at least 80 wt.% of 2-4C hydrocarbons and at least 20 wt.% of hydrocarbons of ethane and propane group.    USE - In oil processing and petrochemical industry, as steam cracking process of highly severe regime for charge containing ethane and/or propane.    ADVANTAGE - High degree of conversion is obtained.
(DE19949142-C1)   NOVELTY - Supplying and utilizing waste material of all types comprises on starting up the process injecting fuel into a high temperature zone to heat the zone and oxygen into a stabilizing zone, burning and deviating the waste gases via a chimney stack optionally after rapid cooling.    USE - For supplying and utilizing industrial, domestic and special waste.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and effective.
(DE19947312-A1)   NOVELTY - Process for reforming hydrogen from an energy carrier and air in a reformer comprises introducing the energy carrier and the air together as a mixture together as a mixture to the reformer.    USE - Used as the drive system of a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The system is safe and easy to operate.
(DE19949211-A1)   NOVELTY - The production of n-alkanes from mineral oil fractions etc. containing alkenes, cyclic alkanes and alkenes and/or aromatics involves treatment with a zeolite catalyst with a capacity index (SI) of not more than 20 and a modified forced index (CIasterisk) of more than 1 within given ranges of temperature, hydrogen pressure and catalyst loading.    USE - The products are used as feedstock for olefin units (steam crackers) (claimed). Used especially for the production of ethylene and propylene.    ADVANTAGE - Enables the efficient conversion of high-aromatics mineral oil fractions into n-alkanes with a shorter chain length than the hydrocarbons in the starting material (after hydrogenation to corresponding cycloalkanes). The comparatively large amount of propane in the product results in higher yields of propylene from the steam cracker, making it possible to influence steam cracker yield structures over a wider range than hitherto.
(JP2001080906-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generating device for generating hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen and steam, has a fuel reformer (5) in which catalyst (27) is provided which shows activity for partial oxidation of the fuel. A partial oxidation reaction is generated on the catalyst (27) and fuel, oxygen and steam are supplied to the reformer (5) to effect an aqueous gas shift reaction using CO produced in the partial oxidation reaction as a reaction material.    USE - Used to generate hydrogen for use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is good as a modifier for a fuel cell since it reduces the external heat required and lowers the CO concentration in the resultant modified gas. The reformer can use the exhaust gas from an oxygen electrode of a fuel cell as oxygen and steam source.    (JP2001085039-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen gas generating device for generating hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel, oxygen and steam, has a fuel reformer (5) in which catalyst (27) is provided which shows activity for partial oxidation of the fuel. A partial oxidation reaction is generated on the catalyst (27) and fuel, oxygen and steam are supplied to the reformer (5) to effect an aqueous gas shift reaction using CO produced in the partial oxidation reaction as a reaction material.    USE - Used to generate hydrogen for use in fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is good as a modifier for a fuel cell since it reduces the external heat required and lowers the CO concentration in the resultant modified gas. The reformer can use the exhaust gas from an oxygen electrode of a fuel cell as oxygen and steam source.
(DE19944185-A1)   NOVELTY - An apparatus for carrying out reactions with heterogeneous catalysis by forcing a suitable reaction mixture under a pressure drop through a stack (20) of thin, compressed catalyst layers (10, 10') of large surface area. The layers have educt and product ducts (12, 16), end plates, with feed and/or discharge pipe(s) connected to ducts, and an edge seal (20) at the edge or on the surface running across the direction of the stack of each layer.    USE - For e.g. the generation of hydrogen from hydrocarbons or alcohol, especially by reforming methanol, or for converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the hydrogen shift reaction.    ADVANTAGE - Weight and cost are reduced.
(WO200109271-A1)   NOVELTY - Use of grafted polymers as gas hydrate inhibitors is new.    USE - For preventing or reducing the formation of gas molecules such as CO2 or hydrocarbons, e.g. 1-4 C alkanes, and water in crude oil and natural gas pipelines.    ADVANTAGE - The polymers can be easily manufactured.
(JP2001157576-A)   NOVELTY - Decomposing a refractory, hazardous substance by contacting the substance with laccase or microbes that produce laccase, is new.    USE - The method is for the decomposition of refractory hazardous substances with laccase and/or its producing microbes as the decomposing agent for transformation to non-hazardous materials e.g. in treating harmful substances in exhaust gases, sewage, chemicals and ash generated during and after incineration of garbage, contaminated soil, particularly to rid of pesticides, industrial chemicals, and detergents from paper and pulp industries as well as other production industries.    ADVANTAGE - The refractory, hazardous substances can be converted into non-hazardous materials with laccase efficiently, particularly through culturing microbes being excellent in stable production of the enzyme.
(EP1116913-A2)   NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a fuel fill pocket (52) which is connected with an engine fuel tank by a refueling line. A nozzle (66) which is connected to the fuel filling station, is slidably received by the pocket. A hydrogen input line (68) in filling station is communicably connected with the refueling line (56). The mating ports in the nozzle and the pocket send signals to the controller.    USE - For refueling electrochemical engine in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of filling pocket enables to save packaging space. Provision of door prevents contamination. Insertion of nozzle into pocket prevents misalignment.
(EP1078683-A1)   NOVELTY - Bottom heater, for a chamber furnace with bundle(s) of reaction tubes, comprises a heating stone forming the bottom; and in sequence, an insulating stone with vertical ducts for the tubes; and housings with air and fuel gas supplies respectively.    USE - The furnace is used for carrying out endothermic gas reactions, especially for the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) by the 'BMA' process (all claimed) (from methane and ammonia).    ADVANTAGE - Existing heaters for endothermic gas reactions give uneven heating, require costly plant, are potentially hazardous and unsuitable for large scale operation at high temperature or cannot be used with reaction tubes passing through the bottom. The present heater can be used with tubes extending through the bottom and gives flame parallel to the tuber. It is safer and more economical to operate. It gives uniform heating on all sides and a more uniform horizontal temperature profile.
(EP1119065-A2)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has at least one fuel cell unit contained in a fuel cell box (1) and at least one Coanda flow amplifier(4,4',4''), for increasing the air flow for ventilation of the fuel cell box, a cathode gas flow or a cold-starting gas flow and/or a feedback cathode exhaust gas flow or a feedback anode exhaust gas flow.    USE - The fuel cell system is used for an electrically driven vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell system has the minimum number of electrically driven components.
(DE19945667-A1)   NOVELTY - In a fuel cell with a reformer containing a reformer chamber and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) containing an anode chamber and anodic electrode coating, a second reformer catalyst layer is connected to the anodic electrode coating of the MEA.    USE - The product is a dual-purpose fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), which use a mixture of methanol and water as fuel, can operate from -50 degrees C to 400 degrees C but have a lower power density than those using pure hydrogen. Placing a second catalyst layer inside the anode reaction chamber ensures that the heat of the anode is used for reforming and the anode is cooled by the endothermic reforming reaction. This corresponds to a cell with internal reformer and allows the cell to operate as DMFC, especially for cold starts, and as hydrogen fuel cell at higher temperature and/or pressure.
(WO200132902-A1)   NOVELTY - Actinomycetes belonging to offset Cinnamomum-camphora genus is used for decomposing the polylactic resin.    USE - For processing the polylactic resin waste matter in compost plants.    ADVANTAGE - Enables biological degradation polylactic resin using the microorganism without causing pollution and global warming. A polylactic resin is converted into useful material and composts such as organic acid.    (JP2001128693-A)   NOVELTY - Actinomycetes belonging to offset Cinnamomum-camphora genus is used for decomposing the polylactic resin.    USE - For processing the polylactic resin waste matter in compost plants.    ADVANTAGE - Enables biological degradation polylactic resin using the microorganism without causing pollution and global warming. A polylactic resin is converted into useful material and composts such as organic acid.
(JP2001076751-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cell units, each with a solid polymer ion exchange membrane between anode and cathode electrodes, stacked with separators. The rectangular units have longer horizontal than vertical lengths. A burner gas feed/outlet line (138b) and a feed/outlet line (138a) carrying gas containing oxygen feed gas containing combustible gas or oxygen to each unit at upper and lower sections at both ends and into the stack in the transverse direction.    USE - For a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The height of the stack can be kept low and the energy generation surfaces can be uniformly cooled.    (JP2001143740-A)   NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has a number of fuel cell units, each with a solid polymer ion exchange membrane between anode and cathode electrodes, stacked with separators. The rectangular units have longer horizontal than vertical lengths. A burner gas feed/outlet line (138b) and a feed/outlet line (138a) carrying gas containing oxygen feed gas containing combustible gas or oxygen to each unit at upper and lower sections at both ends and into the stack in the transverse direction.    USE - For a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The height of the stack can be kept low and the energy generation surfaces can be uniformly cooled.
(NL1013097-C2)   NOVELTY - A method of purifying waste water from an integrated stock farming system comprises supplying waste water to a non-aerated section of a biological waste water purification plant, passing the effluent to an aerated section, recirculating most of the micro-organisms and some of the effluent of the aerated section to the aerated and/or non-aerated section and separating part of the micro-organisms using membrane filtration.    USE - The method is useful for treating waste water from stock farms and solid manure so that it can be used as a nutrient medium or garden mould.
NOVELTY - The grill element thermal handling unit has a grill (10) made up of 6 x 8 grill blocks (16,18) on whose surface the waste material lies for thermal handling. The material passes continually in the transport direction (14), when it is burned or gassed. The gas supply for the has an oxygen guiding system (S) and many exit openings regulate the oxygen volume flow. The transport surface is at an angle to the horizontal, and jets for gas run in a horizontal direction along the transport direction.    USE - Thermal handling of waste material.    ADVANTAGE - Allows targeted oxygen guidance.
(JP3146305-B2)   NOVELTY - Spawn is a mixture of thermophilic C-1 microbe of Bacillus brevis, thermophilic C-3 microbe of Bacillus brevis and thermophilic C-4 microbe of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The spawn has good thermophilicity and can decompose organic material under aerobic conditions.    USE - For manufacture of organic fertilizer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The spawn has good thermophilicity. Organic fertilizer can be manufactured continuously using non-agrochemicals. The organic material has good activity due to the presence of anti-oxidant and minerals. The organic fertilizer manufactured using spawn has good stability and durability. The fertilizer can be easily applied by diluting and performing irrigation, dispersion and foliar application.
(BE1012918-A3)   NOVELTY - Two stage treatment process for the valorization of wastes by an initial treatment with quicklime followed by injection of the resulting particulate matter into a combustion chamber, is new. A final product is obtained which can be used as a chemical fertilizer which is free from germs and contamination.    USE - The product obtained is useful as a fertilizer or manure.    ADVANTAGE - The conditions of combustion of the basic material (pH greater than 10, combustion for a time greater than 4 seconds and a temperature 900-1200 degreesC) are sufficient to prevent production of dioxins and HCl. The residual ash recovered contains, in addition to lime, vital elements in agriculture including N, P, K, Mg, but the content of heavy leachable metals and PCBs are less than the standards required. The process does not result in any clinker residues.
(JP2001058200-A)   NOVELTY - Waste treatment system comprises a waste separator (10), a water-permeable cylindrical sleeve (12) received in an outer box (11), a top plate (13) closing top openings of the outer box and sleeve, a rotary shaft (16) extending through the top plate into the sleeve, a rotary brush mounted on the rotary shaft, a closure mechanism closing the bottom opening of the space, and a drive unit.    USE - The system is used for separating human waste into solid and liquid parts for subsequent treatment e.g. microbial decomposition and/or activated sludge treatment. It is used for a temporary toilet.    (US6258594-B1)   NOVELTY - Waste treatment system comprises a waste separator (10), a water-permeable cylindrical sleeve (12) received in an outer box (11), a top plate (13) closing top openings of the outer box and sleeve, a rotary shaft (16) extending through the top plate into the sleeve, a rotary brush mounted on the rotary shaft, a closure mechanism closing the bottom opening of the space, and a drive unit.    USE - The system is used for separating human waste into solid and liquid parts for subsequent treatment e.g. microbial decomposition and/or activated sludge treatment. It is used for a temporary toilet.
(JP2001061468-A)   NOVELTY - A Bacillus (I) which: (a) can degrade fats under aerobic conditions; (b) shows a growth speed in establishing a generation time (doubling time) in a complete medium at 30 degrees C of at least 30 minutes; and (c) has a superior ability to decompose fat-containing waste water under aerobic conditions rapidly, is new.    USE - The Bacillus is useful in waste water treatment particularly effluent from kitchen and food-processing factory.    ADVANTAGE - Such Bacillus has a superior ability to decompose fat-containing waste water under aerobic conditions rapidly.
(JP2001058893-A)   NOVELTY - Promoting fermentation and/or composting is by laying an air supply in a piping groove formed on a compost bed, and supplying air to organic substances on the composite bed from the air supply pipe with warming in a heat pipe.    USE - The method and device are for promoting fermentation and/or composting, applicable in treating organic substances like animal feces and contaminated soil.    ADVANTAGE - With the method, air is uniformly supplied at a temperature under control for use with ease from any direction, in excellent heat efficiency, less carbon dioxide exhaust and reduced running cost in treating organic substances.
(GB2357499-A)   NOVELTY - An apparatus for processing and treating sewage comprises: (1) a conical section with an inlet tube; (2) a rotor, for creating reverse vortices upstream in a cyclonic air-stream; and (3) a feed inlet tube for feeding the sewage into a centripetal boundary envelope in the conical section within the reverse vortex for treating and processing the sewage in the conical section and rotor.    USE - The apparatus and methods are used for processing and treating sewage and biosolids. It can also be used to dry wet clay, paper pulp, as well as fish and bones into a fine powder.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is capable of processing materials, e.g., biosolids, efficiently while minimizing wear of the rotor or fan. The processing technique leads to removal of some pathogens and dries the sewage at the same time. The cost of treating sewage using the apparatus is reduced and it enables sewage companies to substantially reduce transport costs. The treatment method conforms to microbiological treatment regulations specified in the 40 CFR Part 503 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (Class A or B specifications). The end product of the sewage treatment can be used in many applications such as fertilizer or to generate electricity. The products of the process can also be used in agriculture as fertilizers or animal food or for gardening or horticultural practices, e.g. creating improved lawns or playing fields. The apparatus is capable of grinding a material down by 1500:1, which is comparable with prior art devices which only achieve a reduction of 4:1.
(EP1081099-A1)   NOVELTY - A bioremediation process, including the step of adding bacterivorous protozoa to the bacteria, is new.    USE - For biodegrading organic pollutants, e.g. petroleum-derived hydrocarbon and sewage compounds.    ADVANTAGE - The use of bacterivorous protozoa increases the efficiency of in situ bioremediation processes, and prevents bacterial clogging preventing further bioremediation, improves conductivity in aquifers, and increases the bioavailability of mineralized organic pollutants by contributing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to the ecosystem.    (JP2001145875-A)   NOVELTY - A bioremediation process, including the step of adding bacterivorous protozoa to the bacteria, is new.    USE - For biodegrading organic pollutants, e.g. petroleum-derived hydrocarbon and sewage compounds.    ADVANTAGE - The use of bacterivorous protozoa increases the efficiency of in situ bioremediation processes, and prevents bacterial clogging preventing further bioremediation, improves conductivity in aquifers, and increases the bioavailability of mineralized organic pollutants by contributing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to the ecosystem.
(DE10021945-A1)   NOVELTY - When kick down operation of accelerator pedal is detected, the electric power allocated to motor is increased, so as to increase power supplied for starting fuel modification system containing fuel reformer and air supply unit.    USE - For fuel cell of hybrid vehicle, motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As electric power allocated to motor is increased, when the kick down operation of accelerator pedal is detected, running performance required during starting of fuel modification system is obtained easily and efficiently.
(JP2001046872-A)   NOVELTY - A methanol reforming catalyst comprises an oxide containing copper, zinc and aluminum.    USE - For reforming methanol (claimed) for the generation of hydrogen used as a fuel gas for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in a motor car.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst promotes both steam reforming reaction and partial oxidation reaction simultaneously, thereby enabling high methanol conversion rate and suppress the carbon monoxide formation. Since the steam reforming reaction is endothermic reaction and the partial oxidizing reaction is an exothermic reaction, the control of balance of heat amount is made possible. Usage of a hydrogen manufacturing apparatus with compact size and excellent in start-up performance is enabled. The catalyst enables manufacture of hydrogen-containing gas containing carbon monoxide in an amount less than 4%.
(JP2001114504-A)   NOVELTY - Liquefied nitrous oxide is guided to a vaporizer (108) from purification tank (106) and the vapor is passed into distillation column (104) and then to a condenser (102) to remove light impurities.    USE - For purification of nitrous oxide gas by removing light impurities such as nitrogen, oxygen, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide.    ADVANTAGE - An efficient and effective method for purification of nitrous oxide is offered.
(DE19937152-A1)   NOVELTY - The combined component has an exhaust gas catalyser with an essentially cylindrical housing, inlet and outlet ports, a first inner tube (6) coaxial to the housing axis connected to the housing lid on the gas inlet side, a second coaxial outer tube (8) also connected to the lid on the inlet side and catalyser material between the tubes for catalytic oxidation of anode gas. An evaporator (20b, 21b) is arranged between the inner and outer tubes to evaporate material fed to the fuel cell system    USE - For recombustion of anode gas from fuel cell system and for evaporating material fed to fuel cell system, esp. for mobile applications.    ADVANTAGE - Cost and wt. are saved in an exhaust gas catalyser and evaporator for a fuel cell system.
(JP2001148252-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell includes communication holes, gas flow passages, cooling medium flow passages, and connecting flow passages. The holes penetrate through outer circumferential edge portions of separator, and allow a fuel gas or oxygen-containing gas to flow. The cooling medium flow passages supply a cooling medium for cooling an electrode power-generating surface.    USE - Useful as thin-walled fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell ensures the sealing performance with a simple structure, and ensures desired power generation performance. It greatly reduces pressure loss and can easily perform high current density operation.
(JP2001070727-A)   NOVELTY - A feed stream (17) is passed at a pressure above atmospheric pressure through a multilayer adsorbent bed (20). A contaminant is adsorbed from gas stream before passing the stream through a layer of naturally occurring zeolite or layer of synthetic zeolite adsorbent to adsorb all of the nitrogen in stream and recovering purified ( greater than 99.9%) hydrogen (19) as product from multilayer adsorbent bed.    USE - For purifying feed stream containing more than 50 mol% hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The improved process provides higher hydrogen recovery, reduced adsorbent and lower capital and operating costs. High purity hydrogen from various hydrogen-containing feed mixtures such as synthesis gas, is produced.    (CN1284473-A)   NOVELTY - A feed stream (17) is passed at a pressure above atmospheric pressure through a multilayer adsorbent bed (20). A contaminant is adsorbed from gas stream before passing the stream through a layer of naturally occurring zeolite or layer of synthetic zeolite adsorbent to adsorb all of the nitrogen in stream and recovering purified ( greater than 99.9%) hydrogen (19) as product from multilayer adsorbent bed.    USE - For purifying feed stream containing more than 50 mol% hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The improved process provides higher hydrogen recovery, reduced adsorbent and lower capital and operating costs. High purity hydrogen from various hydrogen-containing feed mixtures such as synthesis gas, is produced.
(JP2001023658-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel is converted to a gaseous product stream, including hydrogen for use in fuel cell stack, by positioning a catalytic reactor under a heater with its discharge end connected with an inlet of the reactor, recirculating the gases through the heater and the reactor, heating the gases in the heater, and monitoring a temperature of the gases between the discharged end of the heater and the inlet of the reactor.    USE - For converting a hydrocarbon fuel to a gaseous product stream including hydrogen for use in a fuel cell or power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides an indication of significant failure, e.g. cracked welds, leaks, and catalyst bed problems, by its measurement of temperature and rate-of-change of temperature. It also protects the catalyst beds that are very temperature sensitive, as well as key system components, thus making it a very cost-effective approach to diagnose overall system problems.
(WO200109062-A1)   NOVELTY - Composting organic material comprising injecting oxygen at least intermittently, is new.    USE - The method is useful for composting household or biological waste.    ADVANTAGE - Almost completely aerobic conversion of the organic material is achieved.
NOVELTY - Recycling leachate (RL) is maintained at 35-38degreesC and pH of 6.5-7.5, until generated landfill gas content reaches 5-20% of landfill gas generation capability (LGGC) in landfill and then maintained at 30-35degreesC and pH of 6-7, until generated landfill gas content reaches 75-90% of LGCC. RL is maintained at 35-38degreesC and pH of 6.5-8, until generated landfill gas content reaches 100% of maximum LGGC in landfill.    USE - For controlling landfill gas generated within landfill. The method is used for recovery of landfill gas.    ADVANTAGE - The method monitors and controls various conditions of recycling leachate for each process including landfilling process, post-landfilling process and landfilling stabilization process. Thereby the facilities utilizing landfilled gas such as purification equipment and power generation facility, is designed at reasonable cost. Hence the expense of investment in the facilities to be recovered over short period of time is reduced, utilization efficiency of landfilled gas resource is maximized and the landfill is stabilized within short period of time.
(WO200112573-A1)   NOVELTY - Gasification method is used for a plant for anaerobic and/or aerobic decomposition of organic waste which comprises a fermentation device (11) and a composting device (12) which is fed with oxygen -enriched air via a first pipeline (13).    USE - For anaerobic and/or aerobic decomposition of organic waste, especially for treating sludge from sewage treatment, biological waste, decontamination of earth, storing compost before packaging and ventilation of agricultural goods.    ADVANTAGE - Decomposition is improved and is easier to control.
(JP2001023678-A)   NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a water tank (19), a reformer (13), a fuel cell (29), a condenser (35), a waste gas temperature detector which measures the temperature of the waste gas from the condenser, and an operating pressure control device. This device calculates an equilibrium operating pressure of the fuel cell system, at which water flowing into and out of the system are in equilibrium.    USE - Vehicle fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The operational pressure of the fuel cell is controlled so that it does not need to be filled with water.
(NL1012823-C2)   NOVELTY - The current collector (8) of at least one of the cells is welded to the separator plate (5) which is made of steel containing 4-11 wt.% aluminum (Al).    USE - Used for fuel cells operating at high temperatures.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is made from relatively inexpensive material that is corrosion resistant.
(GB2352649-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon fuel processor catalyst comprises a rare earth metal cobalt oxide having the perovskite crystal structure.    USE - For converting or reforming a hydrocarbon fuel into a simple fuel, e.g. hydrogen (claimed) for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Promotes fuel breakdown process; reduces the likelihood of the catalyst becoming clogged, especially when using a high C:H fuel, e.g. diesel; and prevents contaminants which might de-activate the catalyst, e.g. sulfur, becoming bonded to the surface coating. It is self-cleaning and offers a high catalytic activity.
(GB2359924-A)   NOVELTY - An electrically conductive plate (3) is etched using particulate etchant, particulate etchant accelerator and particulate etchant resistant patterned mask. The etching is performed such that fluid flow pattern (5) determined by pattern design on mask (1) is formed on plate (3).    USE - The flow field plates are used in solid polymer fuel cells (SPFC), electrolyzers and batteries which contain fluid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - An effective and improved method for manufacture of electrochemical cell components such as flow field plate is provided. Low cost and rapid erosive etch allows formation of fluid flow patterns, fluid entry galleries and fluid exit galleries and sealing grooves.
(WO200104236-A1)   NOVELTY - A mixture of hydrocarbons and water vapor is pre-heated to a given temperature by energy from exhaust gases formed by a gas turbine then heated to the required temperature by electrical energy.    USE - The process provides olefins and light alkanes, such as methane, from hydrocarbons and water vapor.    ADVANTAGE - The system is more economical than former processes and provides better temperature control.
(JP2001015142-A)   NOVELTY - A fuel cell vehicle is driven by: (a) supplying a fuel to a reformer that is provided with a hydrogen-permeable separation membrane for generating hydrogen; (b) supplying the generated hydrogen to the fuel cell; and (c) operating a drive unit by electric power obtained to run a vehicle.    USE - For driving a fuel cell vehicle such motorcycle, railway train, and other automobile.    ADVANTAGE - The method obtains efficiently a high purity hydrogen that can be supplied to a fuel cell.
(FR2795657-A1)   NOVELTY - A a gas flow containing impurities is purified by using barium exchanged zeolite X which adsorbs propane, ethylene and nitrous oxide in addition to carbon dioxide by a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or temperature swung adsorption (TSA) process.    USE - The process is used as a pretreatment of a gas flow comprising atmospheric air prior to a cryogenic separation, particularly by cryogenic distillation. In the absence of such a treatment, CO2 and other impurities can condense and solidify causing blockages in the distillation column.    ADVANTAGE - The zeolite BaX has advantages over zeolite 13X, which has been used in prior technology, including large pore diameter thus excluding a greater number of impurities than 13X(butane, cyclohexane, a high adsorption capacity for propane and ethylene; and a penetration time for nitrous oxide identical to that of CO2.
(KR2001009030-A)   NOVELTY - A BOD-measuring biosensor (B1) comprises a measuring unit, an electric current detecting unit and recording unit for recording electric current. The measuring unit comprises a mediator-less biofuel cell involving: cathodic and anodic compartments containing cathode and anode respectively, in conductive medium and ion exchange membrane between the compartments. The anodic compartment is fed with a sample containing electrochemically active bacteria.    USE - For measuring biological oxygen demand (BOD) of waste water and sludge, measuring concentration of an organic substance; and for densely culturing electrochemically active bacteria present in waste water and sludge (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The biosensor enables the performance of simple and rapid measurement and is relatively inexpensive in cost of fabrication, application, maintenance and repair. The biosensor can be operated without an artificial addition of microorganisms, and allows the microorganism to be maintained as a suitable activity depending on nature of waste water. The biofuel cell used in the biosensor can be operated in a stable manner over more than six months. The biosensor employs more than one microorganism present in the waste water capable of surviving on complex nutrient components and hence give correct value of biological oxygen demand, unlike biocell containing only one microorganism species. The biosensor does not involve expensive replaceable porous membrane containing immobilize microorganisms or oxygen electrode. The biocell is electron mediator less or without a separate transducer as it employs electrochemically active bacteria capable of transferring electrons directly to outside.
(WO200127549-A1)   NOVELTY - Closed top and bottom open hollow cylindrical sheath of thermally conductive material with electrical heaters in each sheath, is positioned with their open ends, based on heat apertures in top open reaction vessel. The apertures are formed in a bottom plate (16) in the reaction vessel bottom. Shredded scrap tires are charged into a reaction vessel, which are heated by conduction, convection and radiation.    USE - For reclaiming chemicals to produce usable gas, oil, carbon black from scrap tires, wastes such as farm waste, hazardous medical waste.    ADVANTAGE - Reclaims chemicals to produce usable gas, oil, carbon block from scrap tire using conduction, convection and radiation of thermal energy.
(DE19932305-A1)   NOVELTY - A dual-purpose organic refuse collection and composting bin (1) ('wheelie bin') comprising a ventilating base tray, where the rear base of the tray has an outlet to an L-shaped transparent tube (10) clamped to and externally visible from the container rear, is new.    USE - The bin is used for dual-purpose organic refuse collection and composting.    ADVANTAGE - The composting process proceeds at a faster rate.
(FR2796307-A1)   NOVELTY - The arrangement of the unit involves a much simpler layout compared to previous installations which have very complex and costly interconnecting pipework.    USE - The unit can be adapted to the production of hydrogen, methane or carbon monoxide.    ADVANTAGE - The unit is less costly than other production units due to the greater simplicity of pipework, thus requiring lower investment and less maintenance.
(DE19929550-A1)   NOVELTY - In the return lines for both fuel and oxidant, a condenser (10) removes the water product from return gas flow. Condenser sections (20) provide flow paths (23) for return flow. Further condenser sections (30) provide flow paths (33) for coolant. Condenser sections are adjacent, such that thermal exchange occurs. They are made using micro-engineering technology.    USE - The fuel cell system is used in a vehicle (claimed application).    ADVANTAGE - A step forward from prior art, this system simplifies water removal from the gases returned. It is especially compact. The water recovered can be recycled. Particularly thin metal sections are used, e.g. in the region of 10-100 microns, for the walls. Micro-engineering forms a condenser offering extremely high thermal transfer rates per unit volume. Finer points of arrangement for operation, preventing blockage and adverse reactions, are discussed in the disclosure. Low cost mass production is suggested. Conveniently, sandwich construction can be employed. The disclosure also contains some discussion of fuel cells and their wider uses.
(FR2795339-A1)   NOVELTY - The starting alcohol for the process can be obtained from a biomass origin and the waste products from the fuel cell are non-contaminating to the environment.    USE - The H2 produced by the reforming unit is used as an energy source for the fuel cell, which in turn can be used in vehicles with limited emission.    ADVANTAGE - The use of ethanol as the starting material is advantageous over methanol which is toxic and only obtainable from fossil fuel sources .A high yield of H2 is obtainable by the process of the invention.    (EP1109621-A1)   NOVELTY - The starting alcohol for the process can be obtained from a biomass origin and the waste products from the fuel cell are non-contaminating to the environment.    USE - The H2 produced by the reforming unit is used as an energy source for the fuel cell, which in turn can be used in vehicles with limited emission.    ADVANTAGE - The use of ethanol as the starting material is advantageous over methanol which is toxic and only obtainable from fossil fuel sources .A high yield of H2 is obtainable by the process of the invention.
(NL1013478-C2)   NOVELTY - A fuel processor comprises a gas stream path along which a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon compound, water vapor and oxygen is passed for catalytic combustion. A catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) catalyst is included in the path. After the CPO, the mixture is passed through a number of high temperature (HT) shift units arranged in series in the path downstream of the CPO catalyst.    USE - For producing a gas stream containing hydrogen. The processor is suitable for use in microthermal power units in the domestic environment.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel processor generates a gas stream which comprise less carbon monoxide than the conventional fuel processors.
(WO200110796-A1)   NOVELTY - A composting system comprises a bay (22), a transport system (52), and a fluid distribution system having fluid injection cell(s) (62) with opening(s).    USE - For decomposing waste material, e.g. paper, leaves, grass, and/or sludge, for use as a soil nutrient and/or additive in farming and gardening.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has a fluid distribution system which effectively distributes fluid throughout the waste material, while reducing air treatment costs. The waste material is not turned or mixed by the composting system, thus allowing the temperature of the waste material to be easily maintained within the desired range.
(JP2291951-A)   NOVELTY - A heater (18) and gas sensitive film (22) are laminated on heat resistant insulated substrate, so that electrodes (12,14,16) of gas sensor (8) are electrically connected to them. The entire substrate is heated to a process temperature, after which electrodes of sensor are connected to inspection pin to examine film (22). The substrate is partitioned after inspection, so that sensor operates independently.    USE - For manufacturing gas sensor used for detecting methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces installation cost and time required for substrate inspection, since entire substrate of gas sensor is heated during examination.
(JP2001006708-A)   NOVELTY - The cell includes a solid polymer membrane (21) sandwiched between a cathode catalyst layer (22) and an anode catalyst layer (23). The cell is sandwiched by the two plates, the 1st plate (50) having fuel channels (55) and the 2nd plate (60) having oxidiser channels (65). The water permeability adjusting layer (24) faces the oxidiser channels. Its water permeability is set to be lower closer to the entrance of the oxidiser than the exit.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell generates electricity with stability and high performance by evenly moistening the solid polymer membrane.
(FR2795340-A1)   NOVELTY - Catalysts based on heteropolyanions of phospho-12-tungstic acid or molybdo-12-tungstic acid, in which the active component is deposited on a support with a high specific surface and a high pore volume, e.g. zirconium dioxide, silica, aluminosilicate or alumina.    USE - For the isomerization of paraffin cuts consisting mainly of 4-8C paraffins (especially 4C, 5-6C, 5-7C and 8C cuts) and also for the aliphatic alkylation of isoparaffin(s) (especially isobutane and isopentane) by 2-6C olefin(s) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improved solid catalysts enabling the isomerization of n-paraffins to iso-paraffins and the alkylation of isoparaffins by olefins with high conversion and high selectivity (for production of high-octane fuel).    (JP2001029789-A)   NOVELTY - Catalysts based on heteropolyanions of phospho-12-tungstic acid or molybdo-12-tungstic acid, in which the active component is deposited on a support with a high specific surface and a high pore volume, e.g. zirconium dioxide, silica, aluminosilicate or alumina.    USE - For the isomerization of paraffin cuts consisting mainly of 4-8C paraffins (especially 4C, 5-6C, 5-7C and 8C cuts) and also for the aliphatic alkylation of isoparaffin(s) (especially isobutane and isopentane) by 2-6C olefin(s) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improved solid catalysts enabling the isomerization of n-paraffins to iso-paraffins and the alkylation of isoparaffins by olefins with high conversion and high selectivity (for production of high-octane fuel).
(WO200110980-A1)   NOVELTY - Process for charging a gas- and/or pressure-tight treatment chamber comprises, placing the charging material in the gas- and/or pressure-tight filling chamber, placing under pressure and maintaining conveyable; and homogenizing the material and portioning into the treatment chamber.    USE - For charging a reactor for a gasification process according to the high temperature Winkler process for treating plastic waste, used tires, dewatered clarified sludge, brown and hard coal, and household waste.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple.
(US6190623-B1)   NOVELTY - Feed stock comprising hydrocarbon or oxygenate is passed to pre-reforming zone (14) to form effluent which is mixed with first air stream and passed to a partial oxidation zone. The oxidized effluent is passed to a reformer and reformed effluent is passed to carbon monoxide reduction zone to form hydrogen (H). H is passed to fuel cell zone to produce electric power and anode waste gas stream with H is removed.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Heat insulation is provided as outer layer disposed around the passage to prevent the loss of radiation from the inner wall. The reformed gas is passed through a separator to recover high purity hydrogen stream and non-permeate stream is combusted to provide heat to the reforming chamber. The thermal efficiency of the heat exchangers is improved. The controlling of hydrogen generation is effective and the process is simple.
(US6205813-B1)   NOVELTY - Production of a fuel and high purity hydrocarbon product (A) involves: (1) removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a feed comprising nitrogen, methane and CO2 (1-40 volume%) to produce a CO2 depleted feed (B); (2) cooling (B) and passing into a cryogenic rectification column (a); (3) separating (B) by (a) into (A); and (4) recovering fuel and high purity hydrocarbon product from the upper and lower portions of (a) respectively.    USE - For producing fuel, hydrocarbons and natural gas e.g. methane.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces high purity hydrocarbons and natural gases.    (CN1292486-A)   NOVELTY - Production of a fuel and high purity hydrocarbon product (A) involves: (1) removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from a feed comprising nitrogen, methane and CO2 (1-40 volume%) to produce a CO2 depleted feed (B); (2) cooling (B) and passing into a cryogenic rectification column (a); (3) separating (B) by (a) into (A); and (4) recovering fuel and high purity hydrocarbon product from the upper and lower portions of (a) respectively.    USE - For producing fuel, hydrocarbons and natural gas e.g. methane.    ADVANTAGE - The process produces high purity hydrocarbons and natural gases.
(DE19929485-A1)   NOVELTY - A protein (I) with the activity of a lytic enzyme comprising one or more of the amino acid (aa) sequences (S1), (S5), (S6) or (S7) fully defined in the specification or their mutants or variants, is new.    USE - (I), optionally mixed with other lytic enzymes or bacteria that express (I), are useful for decomposing biological materials, e.g. gram-positive or -negative bacteria, yeast, nematodes, fungi, alga, cellulose, chitinase and/or murein. Typical applications are pretreatment of activated sludge (to improve anaerobic conversion), treatment of microbially contaminated surfaces, e.g. foods; conversion of solid fermentation residues to soluble products, and as additives to washing compositions to kill bacteria at below 40 degrees C.    ADVANTAGE - (I) has high lytic activity on Gram-negative species and good activity on Gram-positive species. It has greater lytic activity than enzymes from L. enzymogenes strains 495 or AL1.
(JP2000338532-A)   NOVELTY - Light source device for gas detection has at least one pump light source device and a wavelength conversion unit which wavelength converts the pump light from the pump light source device by pseudo-phase matching. Light of an absorption wavelength of the gas to be detected is generated. The wavelength conversion unit uses MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystals as wavelength conversion crystals where a periodic polarization reversal structure is formed for pseudo-phase matching.    USE - The device is used in detecting gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide etc.    ADVANTAGE - The device requires no large sized heating apparatus for preventing the optical damage of a wavelength conversion crystal. The device is compact and is excellent in explosion protection.
(JP2000317430-A)   NOVELTY - A vertical rotary shaft (21) has horizontal stirring blades (22) fixed at preset locations inside processing chamber (1). Hot air discharge pipe (35) with slits (36) is fixed to the lower side of stirring blade. the air pipe is connected to hollow path (21a) inside rotary shaft, which in turn is connected with hot air supply unit (3) via pipe line (33).    USE - The organic waste treatment equipment is used for processing vegetable wastes, food wastes agricultural waste, marine waste, industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - The stirring blade mixes the organic wastes properly. The hot air sent through the slits, prevent the clogging in the waste matter. Also drying time is reduced.
(JP2000351608-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from a reformed gas comprises a supplying unit supplying the reformed gas into the reaction chamber, an oxidant gas supplying unit for mixing an oxidant gas with the reformed gas, a first catalyst layer through which a mixture of reformed gas and oxidant gas passes, and a second catalyst layer through which the mixed gas having passed through the first catalyst layer passes.    USE - A hydrogen purifying apparatus capable of stable removal of carbon monoxide from a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The purified gas is used as a fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is capable of reducing the CO concentration of a reformed gas to several ppm within a wider temperature range.    (CN1277144-A)   NOVELTY - A hydrogen purifying apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from a reformed gas comprises a supplying unit supplying the reformed gas into the reaction chamber, an oxidant gas supplying unit for mixing an oxidant gas with the reformed gas, a first catalyst layer through which a mixture of reformed gas and oxidant gas passes, and a second catalyst layer through which the mixed gas having passed through the first catalyst layer passes.    USE - A hydrogen purifying apparatus capable of stable removal of carbon monoxide from a reformed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The purified gas is used as a fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is capable of reducing the CO concentration of a reformed gas to several ppm within a wider temperature range.
(JP2000342975-A)   NOVELTY - The selective removal of carbon monoxide comprises using a catalyst bed capable of selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide, including several catalyst layers arranged in series and different from each other in the temperature of application, and arranged in order of the application temperature, such that the catalyst layer having the highest application temperature constitutes the upstream side of the catalyst bed.    USE - The method is useful in polymer electrolyte fuel cells which suppress generation of a pollutant causing an air pollution for use in a motor car power source.    ADVANTAGE - The method permits a high carbon monoxide removal rate over a wide temperature range in selectively removing CO from a gaseous mixture containing H2 and CO.
(JP2000351606-A)   NOVELTY - In the fuel reforming apparatus, he activity of the reforming catalyst is recovered by heating the catalyst in a reducing apparatus.    USE - A fuel reforming apparatus is provided, it can recover the activity of the reforming catalyst by heating the reforming catalyst in a reducing atmosphere.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus eliminates the need for replacing the poisoned reforming catalyst and makes it possible to recover with ease the decreased activity of the reforming catalyst.
(WO200071234-A1)   NOVELTY - The device comprises a number of sets of hollow fiber membranes to enable contacting patterns for three internal flow streams. The multiple streams permit maximum contact with the hollow fiber membranes, resulting in improved yields.    USE - For separating gases from gas mixture.    ADVANTAGE - Yields high purity non-permeate product stream to internally arranged gas separation membranes with multiple streams and high pressure retentate outlet. Easy to manufacture and adapts to wide ranging requirements due to provision of multiple hollow fiber membrane bundles.
(DE19928102-A1)   NOVELTY - The automobile (1) has an i.c. engine (2) for providing the propulsion drive and a fuel cell system (5) with an electrically-heated autothermic reformation reactor (6), followed by a shift-reactor (10), for providing the electrical energy for the automobile electrical auxiliaries. During the cold-starting phase a controlled valve (12) at the output of the shift-reactor supplies the provided gas to the engine for reducing the exhaust emission levels, the valve closed when the required operating temperature is reached, for supplying the gas to the fuel cell (15), the anode gas combined with the fuel fed to the engine..    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The automobile engine exhaust emission levels during cold-starting and normal running are reduced.
(JP2001023675-A)   NOVELTY - The warming up time of water-gas shift reactor (28) is reduced by injecting oxygen to catalyst bed (38) when the reactor is heated. The oxygen reacts exothermically with carbon monoxide (CO) in the feed gas of the reactor and the heat generated supplements the heating the reactor.    USE - For supplementing energy required for heating the water-gas shift reactor in PEM fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The exothermic heating is effectively used and the damage of catalyst is prevented as the high concentration CO feed gas is reduced to low concentration CO mixture by reacting the feed gas with oxygen. The time required to heat the water-gas shift reactor is minimized.
(JP2000336381-A)   NOVELTY - Manufacture of town gas comprises using dimethyl ether as a raw material, vaporizing it, and modifying by contact with a catalyst in the presence of steam to generate a gas containing methane as a main component.    USE - Used for the production of a town gas whose main component is methane.    ADVANTAGE - The process requires no desulphurization units due to its use of a raw material containing no sulfur, exhibits high transpiration efficiency compared to a process using methanol as a raw material and does not require excess energy upon evaporation. The method is suitable for small-to-medium scale commercialization.
NOVELTY - Nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater are simultaneously removed by incubating a mixture of organic waste material and anaerobic sludge at 30-40 degrees Centigrade for 2-4 days to enable the organic waste material to be fermented by the sludge. The fermented mixture is centrifuged to obtain a fermentation broth, which is added to a sequencing batch reactor containing wastewater.    USE - The method is useful for simultaneously removing nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater.    ADVANTAGE - The method removes more than 95% nitrogen in the influent wastewater and keeps the phosphorus concentration below 1 ppm regardless of the concentration of organic materials in the influent wastewater. The invention requires no extra pretreatment steps or chemicals which are essential to remove residual ammonia nitrogen and lowers the overall cost for wastewater treatment due to the usage of organic waste materials.
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger (20) heats the heat transfer medium by high temperature combustion gas produced in burner furnace (10). The gas purifier (30) that purifies combustion gas from heat exchanger, has water sprayer (35) to dissolve sulfurous acid gas contained in combustion gas. A neutralizing material (60) precipitates sulfurous acid gas dissolved in water into alkali salts. A circulator (P2) circulates neutralized water to the sprayer.    USE - For heating small scale facility such as vinyl plastic hothouse using scrapped tire.    ADVANTAGE - Shortens ash processing period, as injection amount of cool air is increased when light oil is injected. Enhances thermal efficiency of boiler and reduces amount of light oil needed for ash processing, as warm is returned to combustion chamber. Enhances polluted removal capability, as structure of charging units is optimized and height of gas tower is increased to lengthen contact time of water. Facilitates use of cheap fuel source by using scrapped tires and minimizes size of gas tower by using charging units of appropriate shape. Enables application of byproduct and solves environmental problem, as fine carbon powder is used in production of color.
(WO200067977-A1)   NOVELTY - Method for sorting and separating a mixture of plastics for recycling comprises first sorting them by color. The separate fractions are then sorted according to the type of plastic they contain.    USE - For treating household and industrial waste.    ADVANTAGE - Recycled products of controllable color can be produced. No pre-sorting of plastics by householders is required.
(NL1013474-C2)   NOVELTY - Heat exchangers (24,26) are connected serially in combustion path (8), on lower side of fuel cell (10). Reversible heating circuit (28) has fuel cell and heat exchanger (24) exchanging heat between combustion path and reversible heating circuit. Humidity circuit (30) has fuel processor (2) and heat exchanger (26) exchanging heat between combustion path and humidity circuit.    USE - For generating electric energy and heat in buildings.    ADVANTAGE - System starts up autonomously, since fuel cell and fuel processor are provided with heat by the heat exchangers in reversible heating and humidity circuit respectively.
(FR2793494-A1)   NOVELTY - The gas mixture used enables a shorter pre-heating time of the work piece before starting the cutting operation.    USE - The ternary mixture is mixed with the desired proportion of O2 or a gaseous mixture containing O2. The mixture can be effected on site in a gas mixer or directly in a nozzle or burner. The mixture is used in the oxy-cutting of sheet metal material containing a high proportion of iron, particularly steel. The mixture is used for oxy-cutting (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The mixture is an improvement on other combustible mixtures in that the time of pre-heating of the work piece is reduced.
(WO200073181-A1)   NOVELTY - The cage has a mesh enclosure and a material reception trough (20). The enclosure is divided into compartments. A hydraulic lift raises-lowers the trough provided with powered wheels (21) to move the trough between the low level filling station and the cage top, along a track formed in the cage top. Rotors with radial vanes distribute material from the trough to compartments. The flaps below the rotors are operated by a lever mechanism.    USE - The composting cage is useful for composting biological and industrial waste materials.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of a hydraulic lift ensures even loading of the trough with improved accuracy and enables uniform spreading of materials.
(WO200100341-A1)   NOVELTY - Treatment of biowaste with little or no structure comprises reducing food waste to small particles and making into a 5-22% slurry, acid hydrolysis at 35-60degreesC for a maximum of 24 hours, continuous methanization at 35-40degreesC and pH at least 7 for at least 10 days, with continuous turning, and discharge of the biogas formed, and transfer to a settling vessel to separate the liquid and solid phases.    USE - The process is used for treating food waste with little or no structure (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - An existing process, in which raw and/or cooked food waste is mixed with agricultural waste, especially animal excrement and/or parts of plants, and before anaerobic methanization, is not suitable for unstructurized monocharges, as they cannot be conveyed by screws. The present process avoids this problem, gives optimum results and is economical and quick.
(EP1057997-A1)   NOVELTY - In an internal combustion engine with a fuel cell as current/voltage source, which is connected to a hydrogen-generating reformer that reforms hydrogen from a liquid fuel supplied for operating the engine, the reformer can be supplied through a pipe with a condensate of the vapor of low-boiling components of the fuel produced in a device connected to the fuel tank.    USE - The product is an internal combustion engine with a fuel cell as current/voltage source (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Reformer systems for fuel cells normally use a primary alcohol (e.g. (m)ethanol) or hydrocarbon (e.g. methane, n-heptane or isooctane). The present system makes it possible to use the normal fuel as the source of fuel for rapid reforming.
(JP2000325938-A)   NOVELTY - A method for treating a contaminated material containing an animal or vegetable waste oil and similar substance comprises growing a liquid microbial formulation containing enzymes produced by bacteria in a bio-proliferation tank to prepare a large quantity of a microbial enzyme water, adding the enzyme into a grease trap with a kitchen waste water containing an organic waste of an animal or vegetable waste oil, protein, starch etc., to effect contact and in situ decomposition of the organic materials. Such method has high efficiency to reduce environment impact.    USE - The method and apparatus are microbial treatment of contaminated material containing animal or vegetable waste oil, detergent, protein, starch and fiber e.g. in kitchen waste water from household, hotel, restaurant, bath and office.    ADVANTAGE - Such method has high efficiency to reduce environment impact.
(JP2001189161-A)   NOVELTY - The abnormality signal is generated based on output value of a shock detector (31) that detects impact accident of vehicles. The supply of field fuel gas and oxidizing agent gas is stopped based on abnormality signal. The inert gas is purged in the fuel modifier and modifier is sealed by inert gas, based on abnormality signal.    USE - For fuel battery driven motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents danger caused by hydrogen gas leakage during impact accident by suspending fuel gas and air supply simultaneously. Facilitates safe storage of modifier by sealing inert gas in modifier. Avoids fire accident during vehicle accident by including water sprinkle or fire extinguisher.
(WO200064576-A1)   NOVELTY - The seam/methane ratio in the feedstock to the reformer reactor (1) is adjusted in accordance with temperature profile shift in the reactor, as a function of long term (catalyst) aging. Methane is an example, other hydrocarbons may be processed.    USE - To operate a steam hydrocarbon reformer reactor supplying e.g. fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A simple method is employed for long term operation of the reformer reactor. It compensates for changes in the temperature profile in the reactor, caused by aging. Temperature profile is held more uniform. Changes in the reforming- or the CO oxidizer can be offset.    (DE19918997-C2)   NOVELTY - The seam/methane ratio in the feedstock to the reformer reactor (1) is adjusted in accordance with temperature profile shift in the reactor, as a function of long term (catalyst) aging. Methane is an example, other hydrocarbons may be processed.    USE - To operate a steam hydrocarbon reformer reactor supplying e.g. fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A simple method is employed for long term operation of the reformer reactor. It compensates for changes in the temperature profile in the reactor, caused by aging. Temperature profile is held more uniform. Changes in the reforming- or the CO oxidizer can be offset.
(US6255011-B1)   NOVELTY - Grooves (44a-44f,50a-50d), for gas passage respectively connected to heating gas inlet, and outlet (36b) are arranged on the surface (14a) of separator (14). Connection paths (46,48) are provided to integrally connect the grooves (44a-44f, 50a-50d).    USE - In solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Turbulent gas flow is induced in connection path as a result, gas diffusion to electrode surface is improved.
(WO200056807-A1)   NOVELTY - Compostable agricultural films based on aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic polyesters or derived polyesterurethanes, polyestercarbonates or polyesteramides, an additive which influences light transmission and a dispersion aid.    USE - The films are useful for agricultural and horticultural applications such as ground coverings in greenhouses, garden beds and fields, as mulch films, as protection against insects, for sprouting and protection of tubers and plant roots, for lining planting boxes, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The single- or multi-layer films have adequate mechanical strength for the intended application yet are easily biodegradable and compostable. The degradation products are harmless and can remain in the soil.
(US6238906-B1)   NOVELTY - A pure bacterial culture (I) isolated from a mixed bacterial culture ATCC No. 202057, is capable of degrading methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) to carbon dioxide.    USE - For remediating a medium containing water and a branched alkyl ether and/or a branched alkyl alcohol. (I) is also useful for degrading t-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and acetone, preferably to carbon dioxide and also other linear and branched ethers.
(EP1106945-A1)   NOVELTY - An amount of product(s) (36, 38, 41, 42) produced by an air separation unit (X) is increased by integrating a single column cryogenic distillation unit (Y) such that the production of the air separation unit is boosted to A+B moles/h.    USE - For increasing the capacity for a separation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By using an additional plant, the cost of the second phase is minimized and the amount of the first product is increased.    (FR2801963-A1)   NOVELTY - An amount of product(s) (36, 38, 41, 42) produced by an air separation unit (X) is increased by integrating a single column cryogenic distillation unit (Y) such that the production of the air separation unit is boosted to A+B moles/h.    USE - For increasing the capacity for a separation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By using an additional plant, the cost of the second phase is minimized and the amount of the first product is increased.    (US2001003909-A1)   NOVELTY - An amount of product(s) (36, 38, 41, 42) produced by an air separation unit (X) is increased by integrating a single column cryogenic distillation unit (Y) such that the production of the air separation unit is boosted to A+B moles/h.    USE - For increasing the capacity for a separation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By using an additional plant, the cost of the second phase is minimized and the amount of the first product is increased.    (JP2001194058-A)   NOVELTY - An amount of product(s) (36, 38, 41, 42) produced by an air separation unit (X) is increased by integrating a single column cryogenic distillation unit (Y) such that the production of the air separation unit is boosted to A+B moles/h.    USE - For increasing the capacity for a separation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - By using an additional plant, the cost of the second phase is minimized and the amount of the first product is increased.
(US6232010-B1)   NOVELTY - Reduction in the number of parts and interfaces in an electrochemical reactor, especially in a fuel cell stack, is achieved by the use of a unified structure that combines the functions of the gas distribution and gas diffusion structures, gas distribution and gas barrier structures, or all three structures into a single unitary metallic part.    USE - Lightweight bipolar plates for use as separators between adjacent electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Higher electrical conductivity than conventional bipolar plate or stack structures.