TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The cathode is engraved with two sets of integrated flow channels. The reactant gases are flowing in one set of channels, and the electrolyte is circulating in another set of channels. The catalyst comprises nanoparticles of platinum or platinum-based alloy with at most 90% non-noble metals. The fuel is hydrogen. Preferred Method: The anode, cathode, and membrane are hot pressed at 70-130degreesC and 10-70 kg/cm2 to form a single structure unit. Preferred Parameter: The diameter of membrane pores are smaller than 3, preferably smaller than 1.5 nm. The ratio of electrolyte flow channels to gas flow channel is 1:5-1:1, and the distance between them is 4-20 mm. The catalyst layer is 1-20 monolayers thick. The fuel cell has crossover current density of 15, preferably 5mA/cm2 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric binder is polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(vinylidene fluoride)hexafluoropropylene, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(methyl methacrylate), polysulfone amide, poly(acrylamide), poly(vinylchloride), acrylonitrile, poly(vinylfluoride), and/or Kel-F. The acid can be polyfluoroolefin sulfonic acid, polyfluoroaryl sulfonic acid e.g., polyfluorobenzene, polyfluorotoluene, or polyfluorostyrene sulfonic acid or Naflon ionomers. The acid may have at most 50% hydrogen or fluorine atoms replaced by chlorine, CF3(CF2)nSO3H, HO3S(CF2CH2)nSO3H, CF3(CF2CH2)nSO3H, HO3S(CF2)nSO3H, where n is 0-9, preferably 0-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic powder can be silicon dioxide (SiO2), zirconium oxide, boron oxide, titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), hydroxides and oxy-hydroxides of titanium, aluminum, boron, and/or zirconium. The acid can also be sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, and/or phosphoric acid. The pores of the membrane further includes hydrated silica or silicic acid, and polyheteroacid, which can be H3PW12O40 or H4SiW12O40. The aqueous acidic solution further comprises salt of zinc sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate, nickel (II) sulfate, cobalt (II) sulfate, manganese (II) sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, or cesium sulfate. The salt has molar ratio to the acid at 1:10 to 10:1. The non-noble metal includes cobalt, nickel (Ni), iron, and/or silver (Ag). The nanosize inorganic powder is nanosize SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Ag, or Ni-based alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid can also be alkyl sulfonic acid, aryl sulfonic acid, perfluoroolefin sulfonic acid, perfluoroaryl sulfonic acids e.g., perfluorobenzene, perfluorotoluene, or perfluorostyrene sulfonic acid. The acid can be sulfonic acid chemically bonded to inorganic powder directly or through organic segment of -(CH2)n-, -(CF2)n-, -(CF2CH2)m-, where n is 1-10, preferably 1-5, and m is 1-5, preferably 1-3, perfluoroaryl, perfluorostyrene, polyfluorostyrene.