NOVELTY - Graft polymerization of polyvinyl pyridine is performed in a base material polymer film. Phosphoric acid doping is then performed in the graft base material polymer film.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte film used in fuel cell and water electrolysis cell. Used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Strength, flexibility and crystallinity of the base material film are excellent. Doping amount of phosphoric acid is increased easily. The proton conductivity of the electrolyte film is high even at 100degreesC or more. Manufacture of the electrolyte film is economical.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte film has a homogeneous filmy polymeric base material, into which an ion exchange group is introduced. The base material is copolymer of fluorocarbon group vinyl monomer and hydrocarbon group vinyl monomer. The ion exchange group is anion exchange group, preferably styrene sulfonate.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte film forms fuel cell with high electricity generation property. The electrolyte film is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A cushion sheet (7) is provided between ring (6A) from polytetrafluoroethylene and nozzle flange (3). The top surface of flange is coated with an anti-corrosive sheet (4) and the flange is connected to a pipe (8) with pipe lining (9) through a stud (10).    USE - For supply and emission of gas to battery stack of phosphoric acid type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables protection coating of piping connection easily, by inserting cushion sheet between flange and ring, and the flange whose top surface is coated with anti-corrosive sheet, is connected to pipe with pipe lining through stud.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of gas manifold.    Nozzle flange (3)    Anti-corrosive sheet (4)    Ring (6A)    Cushion sheet (7)    Pipe (8)    Pipe lining (9)    Stud (10)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer fuel cell system comprises a steam reformer (2) and a carbon monoxide (CO) converter (3). The anode gas, after passing through the cooling medium of the CO converter, is supplied as a fuel for heating the reformer. The cathode gas is supplied as a source for fuel combustion of the reformer.    USE - As a fuel cell system for the generation of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The gas evolved from the anode and cathode are used efficiently. The electricity generation efficiency is improved by reducing the energy supply source of an air blower. By using the combustion catalyst for fuel combustion, the combustion part of the reformer can be reduced in size and the reformer can be miniaturized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (2)    CO converter (3)
NOVELTY - A burner port is provided in an outer peripheral wall of combustion chamber and burner head at the inner side. High and low calorie gases are introduced into the chamber through pipes (1,2), respectively. The gases differing in calories are mixed during combustion.    USE - For burning high and low calorie gases in power generation system (claimed) using solid polymer fuel cell installed in houses.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for mixing chamber and additional burner ports thereby generation of backfire is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel modifier;    (b) Solid polymer fuel cell based power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic view of power generation system using solid polymer fuel cell.    Pipes (1,2)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide removal unit comprises a carbon monoxide removal device to remove carbon monoxide, joined axially to a hydrothermal exchanger which cools the reformed gas introduced into CO removal device. CO removal device and hydrothermal exchanger are contained in a single case provided with a burner at lower section.    USE - For electric power unit system.    ADVANTAGE - The CO removal unit is compact. Since the CO removal device and hydrothermal exchanger are contained in a single case, size reduction of the electric power unit system is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer fuel cell electricity generating system.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises an anode active material (3) having a hydrogen storage capacity.    USE - As fuel cell for energy supply system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has the ability to start up instantly and can accept recaptured energy, e.g., that of regenerative braking by operating in reverse as an electrolyzer. It has increased efficiency and power availability (higher voltage and current), and an improved operating temperature at -20 to 150degreesC, thus eliminating the need for an external heating element or battery. The anode material has excellent catalytic activity toward the formation of water from hydrogen ions and hydroxy ion, and is corrosion resistant toward alkaline electrolyte. It is low-cost and does not contain noble metal catalyst. The cathode material is resistant to poisoning.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an energy supply system comprising hydrogen and oxygen sources, and the above-mentioned alkaline fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic depiction of a fuel cell anode used in the fuel cell.    Anode (1)    Hydrophobic component (2)    Anode active material (3)    Substrate (4)
NOVELTY - A battery mounted in a vessel is connected to a circuit board (11). A terminal portion (12) is formed as a thin-film on the circuit board, so that the terminal portion is exposed externally through an opening formed on the surface of the vessel.    USE - Battery pack for a portable electronic appliance such as a portable telephone, notebook-size personal computer, camera, video apparatus, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces component cost and decreases mounting height on the circuit board. Reduces the thickness of the battery pack and thereby reduces the size, weight and thickness of the portable telephone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery pack manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the circuit board.    Circuit board (11)    Terminal portion (12)
NOVELTY - A solar energy collector and emitter (10) comprises flat structure assembly (11) removably fastened to a bottom of a swimming pool (18); and fastening members mounted on a bottom side of the assembly for fastening it to the pool. The assembly is for absorbing and emitting solar energy passing through water in the swimming pool.    USE - Used as solar cell collector and emitter for swimming pool.    ADVANTAGE - The invention utilizes sun's rays to heat the water of the swimming pool. It is easily and efficiently manufactured and marketed. It is durable, reliable, low cost, and economically available to consumers. It is effectively used even while swimmers are using the swimming pool. It prevents swimmers from getting their feet caught under the flat structure assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a side elevational view of the solar energy collector and emitter.    Energy collector and emitter (10)    Structure assembly (11)    Swimming pool (18)
NOVELTY - A heat accumulation structure has a support coated partially or wholly with microcapsule aggregate for heat accumulation. The microcapsule has at least one layered capsule wall (CW) formed around a core using a phase transition compound as main component. Outermost layer of CW is formed from thermoplastic resin which has glass transition temperature at -140 to -20degreesC, containing vinyl group monomer.    USE - Used as latent heat thermal storage material.    ADVANTAGE - The heat accumulation structure is inexpensive and is manufactured easily without using a special process. The heat accumulation structure shows favorable heat accumulation property.
NOVELTY - The fire-resistant microcapsule comprises a core substance having phase transition property, encapsulated with resin film(s) which is formed by radical polymerization method. The resin film comprises thermoplastic resin containing 30 weight% or more of halogen containing vinyl monomers.    USE - For accumulation of heat energies such as solar light used in residence.    ADVANTAGE - The microcapsule has favorable flame retardance. Hence, it is used for flame retardant housing components.
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte contains porous film consisting of polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked with boron, impregnated with organic solvent. The polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked with boron is obtained by adding 0.05-25 weight parts (wt.pts) of alkali metal borate to 100 wt.pts of polyvinyl alcohol, and crosslinking.    USE - For a lithium cell, battery made of negative plate of lithium metal, and an electrochromic device.    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte has a high cation transport number and an ionic conductivity, and is manufactured inexpensively and easily. When using polyelectrolyte for lithium cell, liquid spill in battery is prevented. When using the polyelectrolyte for battery comprising negative plate made of lithium metal, generation of dendrite in lithium metal surface is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of polyelectrolyte which involves adding 0.05-25 weight parts (wt.pts) of alkali metal borate to 100 wt.pts of polyvinyl alcohol, and solation of alkali metal borate is performed. Subsequently, after freeze drying obtained sol-like material, the porous film obtained is impregnated with organic solvent.
NOVELTY - The glass member has a glare-proof coating film on a glass base. The glare-proof coating has properties such that, even after 1000 hours exposure of glass member to sunshine and 2 hours immersion in boiling water, when an adhesive film adhered on cut glare-proof coating (cut in a cross-cut pattern of 1 mm2 by JIS-K 5400), is peeled-off, the glare-proof film does not peel from base material.    USE - For outer cladding of roofs of buildings, solar battery and solar water heaters on roof tops.    ADVANTAGE - The glass member has excellent glare-proof property, light transmissivity, durability and imparts high thermal storage efficiency to devices made using the glass member. The glass member can be manufactured and installed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The glass member has a glare-proof coating film directly formed on a glass base material. An adhesive tape is stuck on the coating film before subjecting to immersion and exposure. The glare-proof coating film contains resin chosen from acrylic, silicone, acryl silicone, inorganic and/or fluoro resins. The 60degrees glossiness of the glare-proof coating film measured in a camera is 50 or less. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for glass member installation method.
NOVELTY - A pressure sensitive conductive rubber (11) arranged in the battery case, has resistance which is changed continuously depending on rise of inner pressure of the case. A lead (12) connected with the rubber, which extends outside from the case, outputs pressure detecting signal.    USE - E.g. nickel-cadmium storage battery, nickel-metal hydride type storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents overcharge, since the lead is connected with the pressure sensitive conductive rubber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of Ni-Cd battery.    pressure sensitive conductive rubber (11)    Lead (12)
NOVELTY - A pattern of holes (8) are formed on a negative electrode (3) and a positive electrode (5). A polymeric foil (9) having bulges (10) is applied on the stack (1), such that the bulges are partially placed on the holes, and the stack is subjected to heat and pressure, such that the electrodes and separator (4) are adhered and pressed together.    USE - For lightweight, portable, cordless consumer products such as notebook-, personal, and laptop computers, portable compact disc (CD) players, portable telephone, pager, video cameras, electric shavers, electric tools, electrical vehicles and hearing aids, etc..    ADVANTAGE - Obtains a very thin and flexible shape battery with very high energy density. Efficiently maintains the contact between electrodes and the separator. The battery can be packed in a thin-walled canister as wall thickness is not required for maintaining sufficient pressure on battery components. The battery has a high energy density, and a higher capacity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the stack of a negative electrode, a separator, positive electrode and polymer foil.    Stack (1)    Negative electrode (3)    Separator (4)    Positive electrode (5)    Hole (8)    Polymeric foil (9)    Bulges (10)
NOVELTY - A polymer blend comprises acrylic and/or vinyl resin(s) having ionic or ionizable group(s); and thermoplastic fluoropolymer. The components are different.    USE - The polymer blend is used in polymeric ion membranes, membrane electrode assemblies, batteries, and fuel cells (claimed). It is also used in coatings, ion exchange resins, oil recovery, and biological membranes.    ADVANTAGE - Permits an intimate blending of two or more polymers in an aqueous dispersion, preferably through the use of a seeded polymerization method. The resulting resin is an intimate blend of fluoropolymer(s) and polymer(s) bearing the ionic or ionizable group. The introduction of ionic or ionizable functionality is chemically bonded to the polymer chain via polymerization, thus avoiding grafting techniques as well as the need to use environmentally unfriendly solvent solutions. Thus, there is no need for post-sulfonation of the resin using acids (e.g., sulfuric and sulfonic acids and their derivatives), since the ionic or ionizable group (e.g., sulfonated group) is already on the monomer. Because the ionic or ionizable group on the monomer is preferably polymerized, its distribution along the polymer chain is easily controlled by a conventional method (e.g., shot addition, continuous feed and late addition). The resulting ionic or ionizable group distribution in the membrane formed from the polymer blend can be more easily controlled than previously. Further, the tailoring of various properties, e.g. homogeneous, random, and heterogeneous can be achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the composition, comprising conducting a seed emulsion polymerization of polymerizable monomer(s) containing acrylic or vinyl units in a dispersion of fluoropolymer(s) capable of dispersing in a medium.
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous gel composition contains a gelatinizer, 0.05 percent by weight or more and 0.2 percent by weight or less.    USE - The nonaqueous gel composition is used for the lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution generates a trace of hydrogen fluoride. The generated acid disconnects a polymer chain in forming the gel composition, particularly, the siloxane-bearing polymer. The result prevents gelatinization. The use of the gelatinizer effectively inhibits the reaction described above. The nonaqueous gel composition is used in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution generating the acid. The resulting lithium secondary battery has high performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gelatinizer of formula (1) is new.    R1, R2 = cyclic hydrocarbon.
NOVELTY - The imaging array (38) includes a passivation layer (24) formed on a photosensitive element (54). A micro lens (38) is formed on the passivation layer and a scratch protection layer (40) made of negative photoresist, is formed in the area free of microlenses, on the passivation layer. The negative photoresist is epoxy acrylate containing fluorene moiety.    USE - The imaging array is used for light sensitive element such as charge coupled device (CCD), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The microlens made of negative photoresist, has good optical clarity, high thermal stability and transparency. By forming microlens of negative photoresist, the microlens fabrication process is made inexpensive. Photosensitive device having improved microlens array, is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows enlarged cross-sectional view of photosensitive device.    Passivation layer (24)    Microlens array (38)    Scratch protection layer (40)    Photosensitive element (54)
NOVELTY - A titanium dioxide semiconductor consists of anatase type titanium dioxide formed by sintering fine powder of titanium. The titanium dioxide has porosity of 5-90%.    USE - For solar battery (claimed) used in electric power unit and satellite.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery using the titanium dioxide semiconductor, has improved life span. The porosity of titanium dioxide is increased. The contact area of titania microparticle and solar light, is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Solar battery which comprises the titanium dioxide semiconductor pinched between a pair of electrodes; (ii) Manufacture of titanium dioxide semiconductor, which involves sintering fine powder of titanium at 900degreesC or less, to form anatase type titanium dioxide.
NOVELTY - The battery case open end is bent inwards and projected upwards to form a step. The cover is airtightly fixed between the bent portion and step through a PFA resin insulator.    USE - For low voltage consumer application and high voltage storage application e.g. for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As the cover is fixed to the battery case through a PFA resin insulator, bending stress during cover fixing process is eliminated. Thus sealing of battery is performed efficiently. As the cover covers the battery case efficiently and airtightly, the dispersion of battery content outside the case is prevented.
NOVELTY - A cathode plate shelf is welded to cathode plate edge after laminating anode and cathode plates through a separator. Inner and outer conductors for short circuit prevention are provided to cathode plate edge. A projection is formed at the conductors intersection point. A divided slit is formed at the inner conductor end.    USE - For interruptible power supply.    ADVANTAGE - As the detachment of conductors for short circuit prevention is prevented, the short circuit between the anode and cathode plate shelf is suppressed reliably. Thus, reliable storage battery is manufactured efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of storage battery (Includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide transformation unit has carbon monoxide transformer (4) which transforms carbon monoxide, and heat exchanger which cools the reformed gas introduced into carbon monoxide transformer. The carbon monoxide transformer and the heat exchanger are joined axially.    USE - Useful as electric power system for domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - A small-sized and compact electric power unit system is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer fuel cell electricity generation system which has modifier (3) for carrying out chemical reaction of heating gases such as natural gas and town gas and reforming in carbon monoxide transformer. A carbon monoxide removal device (5) which removes carbon monoxide, and fuel cell which carries out electricity generation by hydrogen, are comprised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of modifier, carbon monoxide transformer and carbon monoxide removal device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    Carbon monoxide transformer (4)    Carbon monoxide removal device (5)    Hydrothermal exchanger (18)    Sleeve (61)    Single case (62)    Burner (78)    Exhaust port (79)
NOVELTY - A resin composition (I) for preparation of polymeric solid electrolyte comprising (A1) copolymer having epoxy groups, (a1) ethyleneoxy unit and/or (a2) propyleneoxy unit in side chain, (C) plasticizer and (D) electrolyte is claimed.    USE - (I) and (II) are useful as material for preparation of polymeric solid electrolyte used as material of polymer cell.    ADVANTAGE - (I) and (II) give thin polymeric solid electrolyte having good membrane strength.
NOVELTY - Dispersion liquid of polyethylene type resin containing carboxyl is formed by dispersing polyethylene type resin containing carboxyl in an organic solvent containing nitrogen containing solvent as indispensable component.    USE - The dispersion is useful as binder resin composition for producing battery.    ADVANTAGE - The binder resin composition is improved in adhesion and chemical resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for binder resin composition using the dispersion liquid.
NOVELTY - A negative plate material such as a graphite particles, includes 0.05-2.0 wt% of water soluble polymeric material of polysaccharide group, protein group or a polyvinyl alcohol group.    USE - For lithium secondary battery used for electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - Since charging and discharging loss of initial stage is reduced, charging and discharging efficiency of initial stage is improved. Since manufacturing is simplified, cost is also reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-aqueous negative plate material manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - Coating composition for silicon wafer comprises an ultraviolet ray curable resin composition containing (A) urethane (meth)acrylate resin, (B) reactive diluent and (C) photopolymerization initiator.    USE - The composition is useful for producing solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The composition improves conversion efficiency of light energy to electricity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module comprising photoelectric transfer element coated by the coating composition.
NOVELTY - Manufacturing batteries using a process in which the number of manufacturing processes after forming the electrolyte layer decreases, which prevents the solvent in the electrolyte from evaporating and the electrolyte layer from being absorbed by the water.    USE - For manufacturing battery used in portable electric equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The method has few steps, prevents deterioration of battery performance, enhances manufacturing yields, and provides batteries with excellent discharge capabilities and stable voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery is manufactured by attaching a terminal (11, 12) to one face of a positive (21) or negative (22) electrode, and forming an electrolyte layer (23) on regions excluding the region where the terminal is attached.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows cross-sectional view of a rolled electrode.    Terminal (11, 12)    Positive electrode (21)    Negative electrode (22)    Electrolyte layer (23)
NOVELTY - A three-dimensional construction is formed from a hollow sandwich panel (1) by deforming a part (4, 5) of a relevant board (2) of the sandwich panel; and bending the sandwich panel round an axis of curvature formed by the deformed board part. In the area of the bending, an inner board with small radius of curvature and an outer board with large radius of curvature are created.    USE - For forming a three-dimensional construction useful as, e.g. a housing for a solar energy system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method provides unlimited design of the constructions to be obtained. The bending can take place not only in one direction, and the angle through which the sandwich panel can be bent is unlimited.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar energy system comprising:    (a) a housing which comprises a three-dimensional construction obtained by the above method;    (b) a collector;    (c) a heat storage tank; and    (d) an insulation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of a hollow sandwich panel.    Sandwich panel (1)    Boards (2)    Spacer elements (3)    Deformed parts (4, 5)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte, its manufacture, and lithium secondary battery using it are provided to show superior ionic conductivity as well as mechanical properties, and improve functions of the lithium secondary battery by obtaining polymer electrolyte which is phase separated into a dispersed phase formed by polymer having a high affinity with the electrolyte and a phase forming a network structure in the dispersed phase due to a low affinity with the electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte comprises an electrolyte in which lithium salt is dissolved (10); a first polymer constituent having a higher affinity with the electrolyte (12); and a second polymer constituent having a lower affinity with the electrolyte (14). The method for manufacturing the polymer electrolyte (10) comprises the steps of phase separating the mixed solution after mixing lithium salt dissolved electrolyte, a first polymer constituent having a higher affinity with the electrolyte (12), a second polymer constituent having a lower affinity with the electrolyte (14), and co-solvent; and casting the phase separated mixed solution.
NOVELTY - A high molecular solid electrolyte is provided which has good mechanical strength, adhesive strength and interfacial property when being employed in a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery containing it are provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The high molecular solid electrolyte comprises:    (i) a high molecular matrix which is a terpolymer of polyacrylonitrile, poly vinylidene chloride and polymethyl methacrylate;    (ii) an ionic organic salt which is LiPF6 or lithium LiAsF6; and    (iii) a solvent which is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and gamma-caprolactone. The lithium secondary battery consists of the cathode(3, 5) being composed of lithium cobalt oxide, the high molecular solid electrolyte(1) and the anode(7) being composed of lithium electrode or carbon electrode.
NOVELTY - A gel polymer electrolyte composition capable of suppressing the increase of inner resistance in a polymer electrolyte according to the leakage of an inorganic solvent generated in a gel polymer electrolyte and the decrease of ion conductivity thereby and increasing the stability of a surface by controlling the reactivity between the polymer electrolyte and an electrode by mixing a vinylidene fluoride based polymer and an acrylate based polymer is provided, which has excellent mechanical properties, ion conductive characteristics and surface stability to the electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - This composition is prepared by mixing 100 parts of a polymer blend by mixing a vinylidene fluoride based polymer and an acrylate based polymer in a weight of 99 : 1 to 20 : 80, 50 to 500 parts of an organic solvent, 1 to 50 parts of a lithium salt and 1 to 50 parts of an inorganic material. The vinylidene fluoride based polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 350,000, a copolymer of hexafluoro propylene and vinylidene fluoride having a hexafluoro propylene composition ratio of 5 to 25% by mole, a copolymer of trifluoro ethylene and vinylidene fluoride having a trifluoroethylene composition ratio of 5 to 25% by mole or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride having tetrafluoroethylene composition ratio of 5 to 25% by mole.
NOVELTY - A label has printing layer (7) and adhesive layer (5) provided to either side of a heat shrink film (3). The heat shrink film comprises a central layer (1) containing polyester of crystal heat of fusion 14-40 J/g with surface layers (2) on either side consisting of polyester of crystal heat of fusion 0-12 J/g and drawn along one direction.    USE - For outer cladding and coverings of batteries such as alkaline dry battery.    ADVANTAGE - Heat shrinking property is maintained since label base material has multilayered structure consisting of specific resin. Adhesion is improved between label base material which consists of heat shrink film and adjacent layer. Peeling is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic sectional view of label for battery outer cladding.    Central layer (1)    Surface layer (2)    Heat shrink film (3)    Vapor deposition layer (4)    Adhesive layer (5)    Prime coat layer (6)    Printing layer (7)
NOVELTY - A gel-like electrolyte comprises a polyurethane, a non-aqueous solvent and a ionic lithium compound. The polyurethane is obtained by reacting polyisocyanate component, polyol component and a chain extender. The polyurethane contains an amino group as chain extender.    USE - For secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The retention of the electrolyte is high hence, electroconductivity is increased. The liquid retaining property of the electrolyte is high. Hence leakage and ignition of electrolyte are prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of gel-like electrolyte which involves obtaining polyurethane by reacting polyisocyanate, polyol component and chain extender in presence of electrolyte containing non-aqueous solvent and ionic lithium compound.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric converter has a conductive support, a photosensitive layer containing semiconductor fine particles having at least an adsorbed pigment, a molten salt-containing electrolytic layer, and paired electrodes.    USE - The photoelectric converter is used for the opto-electrochemical battery.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric converter and the opto-electrochemical battery have superior energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor fine particles are treated with a solution containing a basic high-molecular compound of formula (I). -(-CH2-C(R1)(Z)-)x-(-E-)y- (I)    R1 = H, or 1-4C alkyl;    Z = nitrogen-containing heterocycle-bearing group;    E = repeating unit derived from ethylenically unsaturated group-containing compound;    x and y = mol composition ratio of repeating unit, x = 5 percent by mol or more and 100 percent by mol or less; y = 0 percent by mol or more and 95 percent by mol or less;    when Z = pyridyl, x = not 100 percent by mol.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an electrolyte film-electrodes joined body in which a polymer electrolyte film is sandwiched by an anode and a cathode, and electrically conductive separator plates made of carbon on the anode side and on the cathode side have passages for feeding a fuel gas to the anode and an oxidizing agent gas to the cathode, respectively.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Since the conductive separator plates made of carbon have poor wettability with water, generated water and humidifying water stagnate in the gas passages in the surfaces of the separator plates to cause nonuniform gas distribution to the cells, resulting in a problem of causing variation of performance. Water stagnation in the gas passages by using conductive separator plates containing conductive carbon having a hydrophilic functional group for at least a part of the gas passage is prevented.
NOVELTY - The ion exchange polymer solution contains an ion exchange polymer with an ion exchange capacity of 1-4 milliequivalent/g dry resin, dissolved in a solvent. The ion exchange polymer consists of a fluoropolymer which has a functional group which can crosslink by a covalent bond, and sulfonic acid group or its precursor group.    USE - For manufacture of electrode for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode for solid polymer electrode type fuel cell containing crosslinked fluoropolymer which has a sulfonic acid group, as a catalyst coated resin is easily manufactured using ion exchange polymer solution. The electrode obtained using ion exchange polymer has high ion exchange capacity. Swelling of the resin is minimized. The solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell has high output and excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of a electrode for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cells which involves dispersing a catalyst in ion exchange polymer solution and a coating liquid is formed. An electrode layer is obtained by heating the layer formed using the coating liquid, making the functional group react and crosslinking the ion exchange polymer.
NOVELTY - A limited portion (4) of sides of battery is made of voids which have small porosity. The base (3) of battery is made of ethylene-propylene copolymer.    USE - Closed-type storage battery is used for electrical backup.    ADVANTAGE - Length-shaped battery made of ethylene-propylene base eliminates crack at limited portion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for closed-type storage battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of closed-type storage battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Base (3)    Limited portion (4)
NOVELTY - The treatment layer (16) is formed on either sides of aluminum layer (12). The packing layer (11) is formed on one surface of treatment layer after applying hydrogen fluoride. Denaturation PP skin layer (13) is then formed on another treatment layer and innermost layer (15) is formed on the bottom surface of extrusion resin layer (14) and skin layer. The layers are then laminated using resin.    USE - For manufacturing packaging material for polymer battery e.g. lithium secondary battery used for personal computer, portable terminal equipments, video camera, electric vehicle, robot, satellite, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion of aluminum surface by hydrogen fluoride is prevented by forming treatment layer. Delamination between backing layer is eliminated. Wrinkle resulting due to heat treatment is eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of polymer battery packaging material.    Packing layer (11)    Aluminum layer (12)    Denaturation PP skin layer (13)    Resin layer (14)    Innermost layer (15)    Treatment layer (6)
NOVELTY - A composition for a zirconia green sheet consists of (A) zirconium oxide powder containing at least one compound selected from yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, (B) a binder, and (C) an organic solvent. A crystallite size of the zirconium powder (A) is 0.05 - 0.5 microns.    USE - The composition is used in a solid electrolytic film for a fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Thickness is thin, weight is light, and a flat surface with no warp is provided.
NOVELTY - A separator (7) separates negative electrode (12) and positive electrode (11A) which comprise respective electrode materials and current collectors. The negative and positive electrode material are provided with pattern of holes that are filled with polymeric material so as to stick the positive electrode, negative electrode and separator.    USE - For notebook personal computer, portable compact disk (CD) players, portable telephones, paging equipment, video cameras, electric shaver, hearing aid, laptop computers, etc. Also used as rechargeable battery.    ADVANTAGE - As the pattern of holes are provided for both positive and negative electrodes, the aligning of electrodes is simpler and is precisely aligned.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the stacked arrangement of lithium battery.    Separator (7)    Positive electrode (11A)    Negative electrode (12)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte, its manufacture, and a lithium secondary battery using it are provided to simultaneously realize high ionic conductivity, superior mechanical strength and adhesive property by using crosslinked polymer particles and polymer binder having a high content ratio of electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte (12) comprises crosslinked polymer particles (12a), polymer binder (12b), ionic salts and electrolyte. The method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte comprises the steps of crosslinking one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate based polymer, polyacrylonitrile based polymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone based polymer, polyethylene oxide based polymer, and polyvinyl sulfone based polymer; mixing the crosslinked polymer particles, polymer binder, ionic salts and electrolyte; heating the mixture; and casting the obtained reactant.
NOVELTY - The sealed lead storage battery has a retainer impregnated with electrolyte. A retainer (B) with porosity 86-90% is interposed between retainer (A) with porosity 94-98%.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Heavy current discharge from sealed lead battery is enabled. The shorting is prevented.
NOVELTY - Supply of reactive gas to fuel cell (2) is stopped by closing control valve (31), when battery output is less than regulation value.    USE - For operating solid fuel cell for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - Influence by harmful impurities mixed in reactive gas is minimized and damage of fuel cell stack is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of reactive gas supply system for fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Control valve (31)
NOVELTY - The battery comprises an electrode group which is laminate of positive electrode board, retainer and negative electrode plate which is arranged on outer side of electrode group. A water absorbing resin sheet whose water absorption amount changes depending on pH of electrolyte is contacted to the surface of negative electrode plate.    USE - As battery.    ADVANTAGE - The closed lead storage battery has high discharge characteristics and is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The water absorbing resin sheet is formed by uniformly dispersing highly water absorbing resin into non-woven fabric made of polypropylene fiber.
NOVELTY - A laminate (60) comprising backing layer (1), aluminum coil layer (2) and thermobonding resin layer (3) is formed. The intermediate layer is removed and adhesive layer is formed. The thermobonding resin layer is compressed by heating such that thickness of sealing edge is less than the actual film thickness.    USE - E.g. lithium polymer battery for use in various electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Favorable heat sealing and chemical resistance are achieved due to high water vapor barrier property.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model sectional view of laminated film for battery container.    Backing layer (1)    Aluminum coil layer (2)    Thermobonding resin layer (3)    Laminate (60)
NOVELTY - A battery plate comprises a negative active material; an organic sulfonic polymeric expander component; an acid-resistant porous organic polymer having phosphonic functional groups; and macroporous additive particles with reduced affinity for bonding with negative active material for promoting electrolyte diffusion to the expander and organic polymer.    USE - For use in a lead acid battery e.g. for vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The negative plate that includes an organic polymer having phosphonic functionality has improved capacity maintenance. The detrimental effect of soluble metal impurity on the negative plate is inhibited. The macroporous additive particles improve overall utilization efficiency and the utilization of sulfuric acid electrolyte during discharge of the battery.
NOVELTY - The emboss molding device(10) comprises a die (11) and a male mold (15). A workpiece having a heat sealing layer is arranged between die and male mold such that the heat sealing layer is provided at male mold side, and an emboss is molded on one of the surface of workpiece by heating the die using a heater (19,33), and maintaining the male mold at cooling condition.    USE - For forming emboss on workpiece used as coverings of a polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - The emboss can be formed accurately on the workpiece. The residual stress of the workpiece is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the emboss molding device.    Emboss molding device (10)    Die (11)    Male mold (15)    Heater (19,33)
NOVELTY - The anode and the cathode are arranged through the solid polymer film (21). The water repellent material such as tetrafluoroethylene is sprayed to peripheral circumference (215) of polymer film.    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains excellent wettability of polymer film by reducing moisture transfer in polymer film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the assembly drawing of fuel cell.    Solid polymer film (21)    Peripheral circumference of polymer film (215)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte layer (3) is arranged between the positive and negative electrodes (2a,2b). An acrylic resin layer having a siloxane bonding, is provided on the junction portion of electrolyte and electrodes.    USE - For portable telephone, notebook personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - Since an acrylic resin layer is having a siloxane bonding is positioned on junction portion of electrodes and electrolytic layer, a flexible lithium cell having excellent charging and discharging characteristics and a low internal resistance is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of lithium cell.    Positive and negative electrodes (2a,2b)    Solid electrolyte layer (3)
NOVELTY - Lead storage battery has explosion-proof porous filter which consists of sintered compact. Thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene is sintered in the compact to obtain particles upto 350-600 mum.    USE - Lead storage battery for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The battery with high explosion-proof property and productivity is achieved. Also, clogging and pressure loss are eliminated.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the graph illustrating the pressure loss of explosion-proof filters. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Oxidizing agent gas containing heating gas is supplied to anode and cathode after treating with ion exchange property substance.    USE - Used as electricity generation system in spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Since gas treated with ion exchange property substance is supplied, accumulation of ion into solid polymer electrolyte film is eliminated and hence resistance raise and voltage reduction are suppressed.
NOVELTY - Main housing (1) for a flat-shaped battery which has electrolyte in gel form, is embedded in a photo-curable or room temperature setting resin (10). By hardening the resin, the battery is flattened.    USE - Portable electric apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Since battery is embedded in resin which is then hardened to make battery more flat, battery sealing arrangement is made lightweight. Cost is reduced and freedom in designing portable electric apparatus is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partial cross-section perspective view of battery sealing arrangement. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Main housing (1)    Resin (10)
NOVELTY - The aperture edge section and inner surface of package (1) is sealed by fusion sealing. The length of fusion sealing section (4) is equal to or less than width of battery.    USE - Closed type battery for portable electronic apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The volume energy density of battery is high and reliability is improved using simple technique.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of closed type battery.    Package (1)    Fusion sealing section (4)
NOVELTY - A separator (4) for fuel cell (20) consists of complex formed by mixing graphite powder and thermosetting resin, such that composition ratio of graphite powder and resin is set to 60-90% and 10 to 40%, respectively. At least an end face of separator contacting with an electrode, is coated with conductive film made of a material having lower specific resistance than the complex.    USE - The separator is used for fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A separator of desired shape with excellent moldability and high productivity is obtained. The contact resistance with respect to electrode is reduced, thereby the conductivity of separator is increased. Hence performance of fuel cell is improved. The bending elasticity of separator is enhanced, thus damage such as cracks due to vibrations is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded perspective view of stack structure configuration of solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell.    Separator (4)    Fuel cell (20)
NOVELTY - Solar panel consists of absorber element (2), heat-insulating insulation element (3) between the absorber element and an underlayer, and a frame structure (4). The insulation element and the frame structure are integrally formed into a box-shaped, self-supporting base element (5) having a recess (7) to receive the absorber element. The base element is made of foamed plastic material.    USE - The solar panel is used for mounting on e.g. roof of house or other building. It can be used alone or in combination with other solar panels of the same type.    ADVANTAGE - The solar panel has a lower weight than previously known solar panels. It can be fitted smoothly on a house roof without the help of an expensive hoisting crane. The number of components is reduced because of the integrated base element of foamed plastic material. The low material cost of the plastic foam material lowers production cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an exploded perspective view of the solar panel.    Absorber element (2)    Insulation element (3)    Frame structure (4)    Base element (5)    Transparent covering sheet (6)    Recess for receiving the absorber element (7)    Pipe joints (10)    Support surface (11)    Support vane (12)    Recess for receiving the covering sheet (16)    Through-holes (18)
NOVELTY - The composite active material (1) other than carbon group active material contains 0.01-5 weight% of polymer (2) on the surface.    USE - As positive electrode active material for non aqueous electrolyte battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Discharge characteristics and life span of the battery are improved. Battery capacitance is large and the production of battery which excels in safety is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) manufacture of the composite active material. The active material is initially immersed in a polymer solution at atmospheric pressure (I) and then immersed in polymer solution at atmospheric pressure (II) higher than atmospheric pressure (I) and the active material surface is made to carry the polymer; and    (ii) non aqueous electrolyte battery equipped with the electrode made of composite active material having a porous polymeric surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of composite active material.    Active material (1)    Polymer (2)    Porous polymer (3)
NOVELTY - A polymer packaging material for batteries comprises a laminate containing outer embossed cladding layer (11), adhesive layer (16), formation treatment layers (15), barrier layer (containing aluminum) (12), acid modification skin layer (13) and innermost layer (14). The innermost layer comprises terpolymer containing copolymer of ethylene, butene and propylene.    USE - The material is used as a packaging material for lithium secondary battery used in personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The packaging material has excellent protection property, moldability, damp-proof property and retention-resistance. The lamination of barrier layer between formation treatment layers, prevents corrosion of aluminum surface by hydrogen fluoride which delaminates backing layer during emboss molding or heat sealing. Reaction of aluminum with polymer and moisture content are minimized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of polymer packaging material for battery.    Outer embossed cladding layer (11)    Barrier layer (12)    Acid modification skin layer (13)    Innermost layer (14)    Formation treatment layers (15)    Adhesive layer (16)
NOVELTY - A polymer comprises a specific halogenated nitrogen-containing compound.    USE - The polymer is used in the production of a macromolecular solid electrolyte (claimed) for fuel cells or lithium secondary cells. The solid electrolyte can be used as materials for electrochemical devices, e.g. diaphragm for an ion electrode, a capacitor for aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and a sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The invention produces an electrolyte that shows no decline of ion conductivity even at low temperatures as of not more than 10degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer formed of structural units is of formula (I).    R = 1-4C alkylene residue;    X = cation of nitrogen-containing compound;    Z = residue of monoethylenically unsaturated compound;    m = 2-20;    n = 3-500;    p = 0-2.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of obtaining a polymer by polymerizing a monomer with an acid group to a compound of formula (II) to obtain a polymer (A) or in the presence of a monoethylenic monomer to obtain a polymer (B), and causing the polymer to react with a cationic nitrogen-containing compound.
NOVELTY - A low temperature fuel cell comprises gas distribution channels having hydrophilic walls. The hydrophilic channels are connected to a liquid filled water drain to remove water from the gas distribution channels.    USE - As a fuel cell, i.e. polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved fuel utilization and increased system efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell stack, comprising a water removal system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell.    Proton conducting membrane (1)    Hydrophobic backing (2)    Cell plate (3)    Gas distribution channels (4)
NOVELTY - A polymer gel electrolyte comprises a metal salt, a polymer and optionally a plasticizer. The polymer comprises a carbon-hydrogen base chain having at least two incorporated reacting groups with differing reactivities.    USE - For use in batteries, capacitors, sensors, electrochromic devices and semiconductor devices, and the polymer battery cell finds usage in portable communication equipment such as cellular phones, personal pager, portable computer and other electrical devices such as smart cards, and calculators (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer gel electrolyte neutralizes the passivating layer in the form of waste products produced in the electrolyte phase by the metal salt and solvent. Hence, the electrolyte works as mechanically and a dimensionally stable network and provides a stabilizing effect against the electrode surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Polymer battery cell comprising a cathode, an anode, and a polymer electrolyte containing a metal salt, polymer and at least one plasticizer or solvent; and (ii) Use of polymer gel electrolyte in batteries, capacitors, sensors, electrochromic devices and semiconductor devices.
NOVELTY - The mixture of a copolymer of a styrene group monomer and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group monomer, and which do not have a unsaturated bond, and a monomer with a functional group or the ion exchange group which can introduce an ion exchange group, is adhered to a base material, polymerized, and molded. A redox flow battery diaphragm is manufactured by introducing ion exchange group depending on necessity.    USE - For manufacture of a redox flow battery diaphragm.    ADVANTAGE - The redox flow battery diaphragm obtained has excellent durability, and charging and discharging efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mixture of a copolymer of a styrene group monomer and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group monomer, and which do not have a unsaturated bond, and a monomer which has a functional group or the ion exchange group which can introduce an ion exchange group, a crosslinking agent, and a polymerization initiator, is adhered to a base material, polymerized, and molded. A redox flow battery diaphragm is manufactured by introducing ion exchange group depending on necessity.
NOVELTY - Ion electroconductive film has low electroconductivity in the surface when compared with electroconductivity in the inner side.    USE - As electrolyte of fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ion electroconductive film is new and suppresses cross-over of methanol and maintains ion electroconductivity. The small-sized fuel cell which provides stable output, is formed using the ion electroconductive film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) manufacture of ion electroconductive film which involves irradiating electron beam on surface of electroconductive film;    (ii) fuel cell which comprises oxidating agent electrode, fuel electrode adjacent to oxidating agent electrode, and electrolyte film which is ion electroconductive film, between the oxidating agent electrode and fuel electrode.
NOVELTY - A nonaqueous solvent is dissolved with an electrolytic salt to form a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains an oxetane derivative.    USE - The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used for the lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of oxetane derivative having stable oxidation-reduction yields the lithium secondary battery having superior cycling characteristics, electric capacity, and charge retention even at a high voltage, 4.0 V or above. The oxetane derivative is promptly polymerized even if battery temperature is elevated in using the lithium secondary battery under severe conditions or under overcharge. The result interrupts electric current and decreases the battery temperature. The resulting lithium secondary battery has superior safety.
NOVELTY - A battery cell (10) has an energy density, calculated based upon a laminate weight, of at least 400 W-hrs/kg when discharged to at least 0.1 mA/cm2.    USE - The battery cell is used as a primary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides high performance thin film lithium - sulfur (Li-S) battery cells. It also exhibits high energy and power densities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery cell comprises: negative electrode (14) including metal or metal ion; positive electrode (18) comprising an electronically conductive material; and liquid catholyte (16) including solvent and dissolved electrochemically active material comprising sulfur in the form of sulfide of metal(s) and/or polysulfide of metal(s). The battery cell has an energy density, calculated based upon a laminate weight, of at least 400 W-hrs/kg when discharged to at least 0.1 mA/cm2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of a Li/liquid electrolyte/S cell.    Battery cell (10)    Negative/positive electrodes (14, 18)    Catholyte (16)
NOVELTY - Organic compounds, i.e. dimethyl oxalate (DMO), glyoxylic acid or its methyl esters, glyoxylic aldehyde, poly(ethylene oxalate), or ethylene glycol (EG) or its oxalic, glyoxalic or formic esters, are used as fuels in non-alkaline fuel cells.    USE - For non-alkaline fuel cells, e.g. acidic liquid feed direct oxidation fuel cells, which are useful in a hybrid power source (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The use of the above organic compounds as fuels in fuel cells results in low crossover current and high efficiency. These organic compounds have higher boiling points than methanol, thus transporting through the proton conducting membrane in liquid phase at smaller diffusion coefficient. They maintain low concentration because they have lower solubility in water, and allow easier handling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a direct oxidation fuel cell, comprising:    (a) an anode;    (b) a cathode;    (c) a proton conducting membrane between the anode and the cathode;    (d) mechanism for storing or supplying an organic fuel to the anode; and    (e) mechanism for supplying oxygen to the cathode;    (B) a method for evaluating the concentration of fuels in a solution, at a predetermined temperature, comprising:    (1) preparing calibration curves of crossover current against fuel concentration in the fuel cell;    (2) measuring the crossover current, and    (3) evaluating the fuel concentration from the measured crossover current and from the calibration curves; and    (C) a hybrid power source comprising:    (i) the above fuel cell(s);    (ii) a direct current-to-direct current converter, and    (iii) a rechargeable battery.
NOVELTY - Electrolytic compositions contain polymers acting as the matrix or support membranes, molten ion-conducting salts, and salts able to assure the conducting properties of the compositions.    USE - The electrolytic compositions are used in the fabrication of electrochemical devices for the storage of energy or as batteries.    ADVANTAGE - These electrolytic compositions have sufficient mechanical strength for their application on a flexible support and possess hydrophobic or non-hygroscopic properties. Since these compositions are non-wettable it enables the electrochemical devices to be fabricated without the need for controlled atmospheres.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrolytic compositions contain at least three constituents in a homogeneous mixture:    (a) one or more polymers acting as the matrix or support membrane with regard to the entire electrolytic composition and assuring the mechanical strength by conferring a state on the composition ranging from the solid state to a gel state;    (b) one or more molten ion conducting salts, these salts being hydrophobic; and    (c) one or more salts able to assure the conducting properties of the composition, these salts being soluble in the molten ion conducting salts.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) methods of producing these electrolytic compositions    (2) for electrochemical devices utilizing these compositions; and    (3) the application of these electrochemical devices to energy storage or as a battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an electrochemical device utilizing these electrolytic compositions.    Electrochemical device (1)    Electrolyte layer (2)    First support substrate (3)    Second support substrate (4)    Second electrode (5)    First electrode (6)
NOVELTY - Energy exchange composition comprises a base material having an active material to increase the bipolar moment, wherein the base material comprises a crystalline polymer having a crystallisation degree of 10-40.    USE - The composition is used to absorb damping, optical or electric energies.    ADVANTAGE - The composition has good impact absorption properties.
NOVELTY - Fluorinated elastomers (E), comprises a copolymer of e.g. vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and perfluorosulfonyl ethoxypropyl vinyl ether fluoride have a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and do not contain tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene or siloxane groups.    USE - The elastomers are used e.g. as polymeric electrolytes, ionomers, components of fuel cells (such as the membrane and the joints), joints, hose connections, pipes, O-rings, pump housing and pump diaphragms, and piston heads used in the aircraft, oil, automobile, mining, and nuclear industries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process for manufacture of suitable fluorinated elastomers is relatively simple and does not involve the use of dangerous materials such as tetrafluoroethylene.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fluorinated elastomers, comprises a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and of perfluorosulfonyl ethoxypropyl vinyl ether fluoride (PSEPVE) or of perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene) sulfonyl fluoride (PFSO2F), have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of -32 to -36 degrees C, and do not contain tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene or siloxane groups.    INDEPENDENT claims are included for:    (i) the following components where they contain the elastomer (E): polymeric electrolytes, ionomers, components of fuel cells (such as the membrane and the joints), joints, hose connections, pipes, O-rings, pump housing and pump diaphragms, and piston heads used in the aircraft, oil, automobile, mining, and nuclear industries; and    (ii) a process for the preparation of elastomers (E), comprises radical polymerization of the monomers in the presence of organic initiators for 2-6 hours at 20-200 degrees C and a pressure of 2-100 bars, while measuring the consumption of monomers.
NOVELTY - Method of forming a seal between a lead on a polymer electrolytic battery and a flexible packaging enclosing the cell involves applying sufficient heat and pressure to the laminate sheets, so that polymeric layer over sheet softens and flows to completely coat polymeric layer on lead.    USE - The method is used for sealing between the lead and flexible packaging of electrolytic cell, battery, etc., used in portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Energy density of the packaged battery is maximized because of the provision of compact packaging.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Layer of leads (16, 18) are coated with polymeric materials with minimum thickness of that equal to the lead and then applying heat and pressure, for polymeric material to soften and flow around onto lead surface. Lead is positioned between two laminate sheets (20), each having a layer of another polymeric material. Sufficient heat and pressure are applied to laminate sheets, for polymeric layer over sheets to soften and flow around to completely coat polymeric layer on lead.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sealed portion of the battery cell.    Leads (16, 18)    Flexible laminate sheet (20)
NOVELTY - A gel type electrolyte capable of maintaining low viscosity for a relatively long period of time while forming a more stable three dimensional net structure is provided which can reduce manufacturing processes of a lead storage battery, stabilize a structure of a gel electrolyte and improve life performance of a battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In a gel electrolyte for enclosed lead storage battery, the gel electrolyte contains 0.001 to 1.0% by weight of methyl cellulose having a molecular weight of above 10,000 as a binding agent based on the weight of the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A process for preparing a secondary battery such as a lithium metal battery or a thin film polymer battery having excellent battery characteristics by using a plasma polymerization thin film having excellent chemical resistance is provided which reduces manufacture time and the cost of production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - This secondary battery comprises a current collector (2) formed on a substrate (1), an anode (3) formed on it, a plasma polymerization thin film (9) formed on the anode using an electrode, the cathode (6) and current collector (7) formed on the anode and a substrate (8) formed at the opposite side of the cathode. The process comprises the steps of pouring a carrier gas (argon, oxygen) and forming plasma by impressing direct current voltage; and treating the substrate with a pure plasma to improve adhesion between an electrode and a plasma polymerization thin film.
NOVELTY - The recesses (5) are formed on a ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer layer (2) that is formed on the surface of transparent cover glass (1). Opto-electric elements (3) are arranged in the recesses. A reflecting plate (4) which has V-shaped cross-section, is arranged on the opto-electric elements through an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer layer (6).    USE - Solar power generation device.    ADVANTAGE - Since the expensive opto-electric elements are arranged sparsely, the cost of condensed type solar power generation device is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar power generation device manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the manufacturing method of solar power generation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent cover glass (1)    Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer layers (2,6)    Opto-electric element (3)    Reflecting plate (4)    Recesses (5)
NOVELTY - The urethane foams (1,2) are piled and pressure is applied, to adhere respective joining edges (1A,2A) of the foams (1,2). The foams are separated without disconnecting the junction portion (S). A permeable cover (3) is stuck on the junction portion (S) where a concave portion (M) is formed.    USE - For joining urethane foam used as base material in manufacture of Ni foam secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Porous reduction of junction portion of foam, is achieved by sticking permeable cover on junction portion. Fracture of Ni metal adhering to the junction portion is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of urethane foam joining process. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Urethane foams (1,2)    Joinding edges (1A,2A)    Permeable cover (3)    Concave portion (M)    Junction portion (S)
NOVELTY - A vapor deposition film (2) of inorganic oxide, consists of bipolar membrane and coloring polyester group resin layer (3), which are sequentially laminated on rear-side of weather resistance base film (1). The film (1) consists of fluorine group resin, cyclic polyolefin resin, polyester group resin, polyamide group resin, polycarbonate resin or polymethacrylic resin.    USE - For protecting rear-side of solar battery modules used as energy source of various electronic devices such as calculator.    ADVANTAGE - The protection sheet excels in weather, heat, water, light, wind pressure, hail and chemical resistance properties and also in stain repellant, light reflection, light diffusion, designing and protection capability properties. Excels in dampproofing which prevents penetration of water content, oxygen, etc. Performance degradation is suppressed to minimum extent, hence abounds in endurance extremely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sketchy sectional view of outline of rear-side protection sheet.    Weather resistance base film (1)    Vapor deposition film (2)    Polyester group resin layer (3)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module comprises a light transmitting member containing sodium on the front surface, a rear surface member and several solar cell elements, which are sealed using a sealing resin. A sodium diffusion preventing layer is provided between the light transmitting member and the solar cell elements, for preventing diffusion of sodium from the light transmitting member.    USE - For solar cell device.    ADVANTAGE - Reliability, durability and moisture proofness of the solar cell module are improved. The sodium ions deposited from the front surface glass are blocked by the PET film, and degradation of power generation performance of the solar cell element is prevented. Increase of water in the sealing resin between the front surface glass and the solar cell element, is prevented. The inorganic oxide layer, the nitride layer or the fluoride layer act as a water vapor transmission prevention layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell module comprises a light transmitting member containing sodium on the front surface, a rear surface member and several solar cell elements. The solar cell elements are sealed between the light transmitting member and the rear surface member, using a sealing resin. A sodium diffusion preventing layer is provided between the light transmitting member and the solar cell elements, for preventing diffusion of sodium from the light transmitting member.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded side view of the solar cell module.    Solar cell element (1)    EVA sheet (2)    Resin sheets (3,4)    PET film (6)    Front surface glass (20)
NOVELTY - Production of a polymer electrolyte membrane electrode arrangement comprises applying an ion conducting membrane (4) to a substrate (1) to form an electrode-membrane composite body (ME). An ion conducting polymer is used as the membrane in which a metal-containing gel hydrolyzed and/or condensed from a metal alkoxide starting material and/or is chemically bound to the polymer.    USE - Used for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and suitable for large scale production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A membrane having a thickness of 5-15 microns is used. A carbon-containing layer is applied to the substrate on a first surface (2) before the membrane is applied to the first surface. The metal alkoxide is tetraethoxysilane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of the electrode arrangement.    Substrate (1)    First surface (2)    Ion conducting membrane (4)    Electrode-membrane composite body (ME)
NOVELTY - The sealing process of cell terminal includes the following steps: mounting upper cover of cell, making terminal pass through the polar column hole and extend from surface of upper cover, and placing the cell terminal into the special purpose mould of injection machine, adding injection raw material to form seal body, then demoulding so as to implement the invented process and obtain the invented product. It implement mechanical operation, shortens production time and ensures the sealed reliability of cell terminal.
NOVELTY - Hydrocarbon-based heat-storage media contain polyolefin degradation products of average mol. wt. 700-10,000 with only a single maximum (peak) in the mol. wt. distribution curve.    USE - The media are used in large latent heat systems, e.g. in solar plant and possibly also in agricultural drying systems.    ADVANTAGE - The degradation products have a higher melting point than previously-used paraffins and a narrower melting point range than prior-art paraffin and polyolefin materials. They also have a significantly lower viscosity and thus give improved heat exchange. In addition, the products can be obtained at relatively low cost by using polymer waste or scrap as the material to be degraded.
NOVELTY - An polymer electrolyte (I) comprises a polymer (A), a metal salt (B) and at least one plasticizer or a solvent. (A) is an amphiphilic graft copolymer comprising a backbone carrying hydrophilic and hydrophobic grafts attached to different carbon atoms in the backbone. The hydrophobic grafts are selected from the group of fluorinated chains or 8C alkyl chains.    USE - In condensers, sensors, electrochromic devices, semiconductor devices and batteries; the battery cell is further used in mobile communication device like cellular phone, personal pager and portable computer (all claimed); also in smart cards and calculators.    ADVANTAGE - Ionic conductivity and stability of (I) is very good. Also has an improved compatibility towards electrode resulting in reduced passivation phenomena at the electrode surface. Increased stability and conductivity gives good battery life. When (I) is used in a battery, it gives a longer product life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a polymer battery comprising a cathode, an anode and (I);    (2) preparation of (I) involving:    (i) (i) dissolving an anhydrous salt in an anhydrous solvent or a plasticizer to form a first solution; and    (ii) dissolving (A) in either the first solution to form (I) or in a solvent or a plasticizer to form a second solution, followed by mixing the two solutions and evaporating the solvent to form (I).
NOVELTY - A high polymer matrix composition used in a lithium polymer battery is provided to properly maintain the mechanical strength by adding magnesia or kaolin to the high polymer matrix composition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high polymer matrix composition comprises a casting solvent, a plasticizer, a binder, and an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler includes magnesia or kaolin. The ratio of the inorganic filler with respect to total solidified material contained in the composition is 10 to 40 wt%. Firstly, the binder and the plasticizer are dissolved in the casting solvent so that a solution is obtained.    Then, the inorganic filler is uniformly distributed in the solution so that a high polymer matrix composition is obtained.
NOVELTY - An outer cladding case surrounds a burner case which accommodates a burner head. Combustion air is supplied to the head through a route formed between the cases.    USE - For a modifier of a solid polymer fuel cell power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Obtains energy conservation and improves combustion efficiency since heat loss is suppressed by interrupting heat of the case by air flow.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a modifier; and    (b) a solid polymer fuel cell power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic view of the power generation system.
NOVELTY - An anion exchange filter for cleaning a gas contains an anion exchange polymer formed by introducing an anion exchange group into a polymer having a repeating unit.    USE - The anion exchange filter is used in cleaning a gas and finds its application in a fuel cell, particularly, a solid macromolecular fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The anion exchange filter has superior mechanical strength and chemical resistance compared with a conventional styrene-based ion exchange fiber, and has stable long-term performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The repeating unit consists of -X-Ar-Y-. Where, -X- and -Y- = -O-, or -S-; -Ar = group of formula (1-1), formula (1-2), or formula (1-3).    -W- = single bond, -O-, -S-, or -CR6R7;    R6, R7 = H, or 1-6C alkyl;    R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, = 1-8C alkyl;    a = integer of 0-3;    b, c = integer of 0 or greater;    b+c = greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 7;    d, e = integer of 0 or greater;    d+e = greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5.
NOVELTY - Membrane comprises complexing agents for cations.    USE - Used in a methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Damage to the cathode by methanol is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a fuel cell comprising a membrane arranged between an anode and a cathode, the membrane having a component made from crown ethers, cryptates or cryptate-like compounds based on carbon or silicon cyclic compounds; and    (B) a process for operating a fuel cell comprising oxidizing the methanol in an anodic reaction and reducing the oxygen in a cathodic reaction, in which anions migrate from the cathode to the anode and bind with the methanol in the cathode chamber of the cell.    Preferred Features: The complexing agents are made from crown ethers.
NOVELTY - Solar cell module has a light-transmitting member on a front side containing at least sodium, a rear surface resin film, solar cell elements resin-sealed between the light transmitting member on the front surface side and the rear surface side, and a water transmission prevention layer arranged in a position including at least an interval part between the solar cell elements adjacent each other.    USE - Conversion of light energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module has improved reliability due to improved moisture-proofness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The light transmitting member on the front surface side is glass and the rear surface film is made of transparent resin.    The water transmission preventing layer has a smaller water vapor transmission rate than that of the sealing resin; it can be an inorganic oxide layer, a nitride layer, or a fluoride layer formed on a surface of the rear surface resin film, or it can be the rear surface resin film with water vapor transmission rate at most 6.3 g/m2.day.    The water transmission preventing layer is formed on a plane with the solar elements, or it is formed so as to cover the interval part between the solar cell elements in the sealing resin, or it is provided in a position corresponding to that between the solar cell elements on an outer side of the rear surface resin film    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded side view of the solar cell according to a first embodiment of the invention.    Solar cell elements (1)    Ethylene vinyl acetate resin sheets (2, 3)    Rear surface resin film (5)    Water transmission preventing layer (7a)    Front surface glass layer (20)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte has polymeric backbone that includes several aromatic constituents coupled together by at least one atom having a pi-cloud and in which a halogen atom and an ion exchange group are covalently bonded directly to the backbone. The ion exchange group is a sulfonic or a phosphoric acid, a perfluorophenol, a sulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or a sulfonylbis(trifluoromethyl)methide.    USE - The electrolyte is useful as a polymer electrolyte used in a polymer electrolyte film (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is a high temperature resistant electrolyte and is electrochemically stable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a polymer electrolyte film comprising 1 - 99 wt.% of the high temperature polymer electrolyte and a basic polymer.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte matrix for a phosphate fuel cell is provided to enhance workability and reproducibility without toxicity by using SiC whisker as a raw material for the matrix, polyether sulfone as a binder, dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solution of n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone added with SiC whisker is stirred to prepare a whisker slurry. A binder solution is prepared by adding polyether sulfone into an n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent. The whisker slurry added with the binder solution is stirred to prepare a matrix slurry. The matrix slurry is formed and then heat treated to form an electrolyte matrix for a phosphate fuel cell. The electrolyte matrix comprises SiC whisker, polyether sulfone and dibutyl phthalate. Polyether sulfone is about 10 to 30wt% of SiC whisker, and dibutyl phthalate is about 5 to 20wt% of SiC whisker.
NOVELTY - A resin composition for high-molecular weight solid electrolyte contains a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate having urethane bond in a molecule, a plasticizer and an electrolyte.    USE - The resin composition is useful for a high-molecular weight solid electrolyte which is useful for polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - The resin composition has such strength that a thin film of the composition having a thickness of several tens microns does not need a support, has high ion conductivity at room temperature or low temperatures and good processing properties.
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte type fuel cell comprises pair of electrodes arranged on both sides of a proton conductive polymeric electrolyte film (4). The supply emission of fuel is carried out at one of the electrodes. The electrode comprises a catalyst (1) and mixed electroconductive material (3) which has electronic-proton conductivity.    USE - Fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high efficiency and high current density since the catalyst is effectively utilized by forming a continuous electronic conduction path.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polyelectrolyte type fuel cell comprises pair of electrodes arranged on both sides of a proton conductive polymeric electrolyte film (4). The supply emission of fuel is carried out at one of the electrodes. A pair of separator board equipped with gas passage way which carries out supply emission of oxidizing agent gas, is provided in the fuel cell. The electrode comprises a catalyst (1) and mixed electroconductive material (3) which has electronic-proton conductivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of catalyst layer of fuel cell electrode.    Catalyst (1)    Electro conductive material (3)    Polymeric electrolyte film (4)
NOVELTY - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell having cell(s) includes an electroconductive contact element comprising metal substrate protected by a corrosion-resistant coating. The protective coating comprises electrically conductive particles dispersed throughout an oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant, water-insoluble polymeric matrix.    USE - As power source for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate is protected by a coating comprising a corrosion-proof, i.e. oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant, filler particles. The graphite particles has greater size than that of the other oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant particles, optimizing the packing density and improving conductivity. The protective coating has resistivity not more than 50 ohm-cm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - PEM fuel cell has cell(s) comprising a pair of opposite polarity electrodes (4,6), membrane electrolyte, and electroconductive contact element (14,16) with working face confronting the electrodes. The contact element comprises a corrosion-susceptible metal substrate and electroconductive, corrosion-resistant protective coating. The protective coating comprises electrically conductive particles dispersed throughout an oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant, water-insoluble polymeric matrix.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic, exploded isometric illustration of a liquid cooled PEM fuel cell stack.    electrodes (4,6)    bipolar plate (8)    contact element (14,16)
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode containing lithium complex oxide; anode containing lithium or its alloy, or carbon material; and non-aqueous organic electrolyte containing non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salt and an aromatic ether of specific formula. The aromatic ether react to form dimers or polymers above certain temperature and voltage.    USE - For portable electronic devices, such as cellular phones and notebook computers.    ADVANTAGE - The secondary lithium battery excels in stability and reliability even after charging at high temperature. At higher temperature and voltage ranges, the aromatic ether becomes dimers or polymers to form a polymer film in the surface of the anode plate. The polymer film increases the internal resistance and in turn shows the effect of suppressing increase in internal pressure even if left at high temperature for long time. The possibility of initiating the operation of current interrupt device of the cylinder lithium secondary battery or of expanding the thickness of rectangular battery due to the gas production by the reaction of electrolyte solution and anode is removed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode containing lithium complex oxide; anode containing lithium or its alloy, or carbon material; and non-aqueous electrolyte containing non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salt and aromatic ether of formula (I).    R1 = single bond or alkaline group with less than or equal to 2C;    R2 = H or alkyl group with less than or equal to 2C.    The aromatic ether react to from dimers or polymers above certain temperature and voltage.
NOVELTY - A lithium ion polymer battery is provided to improve the high current discharge feature of the lithium ion polymer battery by adopting composite zeolite as bulking agents when a high polymer electrolyte is formed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A high polymer solid electrolyte composition includes a high polymer resin, a plasticizer, a bulking agent, and a solvent. The bulking agent includes an organic solvent affinity composite zeolite and a water affinity composite zeolite. The content of the bulking agent is in the range of 10 to 75 wt% on the basis of the whole weight of the high polymer solid electrolyte composition. The high polymer resin includes PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), VdF-HFP copolymers A in which the content of HFP is larger than zero and less than 8 wt%, a mixture of PVDF and VdF-HFP copolymers A, and VdF-HFP copolymers B in which the content of HFP is larger than zero and less than 15 wt%.
NOVELTY - Catalyst layers (2,3), mixed layers (8,9) and porous diffusion layers (4,5) are formed onto either sides of electrolytic film (1). Separators (6,7) having passage for supply of heating gas comprising hydrogen and oxidizing gas are formed respectively on either sides of diffusion layers. Mixed layers has fluororesin and carbon black and porosity of layer changes according to partial pressure of reactive gas circulated through separators.    USE - Solid polymer electrolytic fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents diffusion of reactive gas and drying of electrolytic film, as porosity of mixed layers is changed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolytic fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolytic film (1)    Catalyst layers (2,3)    Porous diffusion layers (4,5)    Separators (6,7)    Mixed layers (8,9)
NOVELTY - The insulating metal foil band which is a cylindrical plate roll (1), is coated with a polyimide group coating material (3) using a roll coater of a photogravure system or an offset system. The roll has uniform groove density in the longitudinal direction. The coated metal foil band is dried.    USE - For solar battery boards.    ADVANTAGE - Occurrence of defects such as pinhole on the metal foil band, is prevented due to low abrasion of coating roll.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for insulating metal foil band manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the production of the insulating metal foil band using a photogravure system.    Cylindrical plate roll (1)    Polyimide group coating material (3)
NOVELTY - An opto-electric conversion element, comprises at least a conductive layer, a pigment-adsorbing semiconductor particle-containing layer, a hole transporting layer, and a counter electrode. The hole transporting layer contains oligopyrrole having a degree of polymerization of 50 or less.    USE - The opto-electric conversion element is used for a solar battery. A new oligopyrrole compound is used for the opto-electric conversion element.    ADVANTAGE - The opto-electric conversion element uses the oligopyrrole having solubility to appropriate solvents as the hole transporting material. The resulting opto-electric conversion element has high opto-electric conversion efficiency, superior production fitness, and less deterioration in aged characteristics.
NOVELTY - A curable sealant is contacted with at least one planar surface of a graphite sheet having porous internal portion formed between opposing planar surfaces. The sealant communicates with the sheet through pores. The sheet is compressed to form a graphite plate with graphite density greater than that before compression. The sealant contained within the pores is cured to seal the plate.    USE - For forming sealed graphite plate used as fuel plate in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Mechanically strong gas impermeable graphite plate is obtained. The planar surface of graphite plate is resistant to graphite infusion due to greater graphite densities and alignment of carbon atoms.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A curable sealant is contacted with at least one planar surface of a graphite sheet having internal portion formed between opposing planar surfaces. The sheet is formed from exfoliated graphite particles to provide interior with pores and for defining graphite density of the sheet. The sealant communicates with the sheet through pores. The sheet is compressed to form a graphite plate having graphite density greater than that before compression. The sealant contained within the pores is cured to seal the plate.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for graphite plate which comprises graphite sheet whose more than 70 vol% of the pores contains curable sealant.
NOVELTY - An integral air impermeable composite membrane, having a thickness of at most 0.8 mil, comprises a microporous polymeric support (4) having a porosity of 70-98%, and ion exchange resin(s) (2) filling the microstructure.    USE - For use in, e.g. electrolysis in fuel cells and batteries, chemical separation, pervaporation, gas separation, dialysis separation, industrial electrochemistry (e.g. chloralkali), catalysis, or enzyme immobilization.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composite membrane is mechanically strong and is uniformly pore occlusive such that no pinholes or other discontinuities exist within the structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a preparation of the above composite membrane, comprising applying an ion exchange resin solution to the polymeric support until the microstructure is filled with the resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-section of the composite membrane that is fully impregnated with the ion exchange resin and has a reinforcement backing attached to it.    Ion exchange resin (2)    Polymeric support (4)    Reinforcement backing (6)
NOVELTY - A protection IC (3) mounted at a die pad controls two FET switches (1,2), connected to a secondary for the charge and discharge operations, based on the terminal voltage of the battery, so that an overcharging operation and an over discharge operations is prevented. The protection IC is sealed with a resin (4).    USE - For secondary battery such as lithium ion battery for portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces weight, size and cost of protective device by mounting IC and FETs in single frame.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of battery protective device.    FET switches (1,2)    Protection IC (3)    Resin (4)
NOVELTY - The battery consists of an anode containing lithium transition metal oxide complex, cathode plate and non-aqueous electrolyte containing organic solvent with lithium salt dissolved in it. 0.1-2 volume% of a conductive polymer or monomer having alkyl group that can be electro chemically polymerized within the battery operating voltage is added to 100 volume% of the electrolyte.    USE - As a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for power supply for electric and hybrid vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has high output characteristics and raise of internal resistance accompanied by repeated charging and discharging is suppressed.
NOVELTY - Closed type lead storage battery comprises electrode group having a laminate of paste type anode board (7) and paste type cathode plate (8) and a retainer (4). The part of retainer contacting with collector (2) of anode board has hydrophobicity and part of retainer contacting with anode active material (3) has hydrophilicity.    USE - As lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The closed type lead storage battery has a long life.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of the electrode board. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Collector (2)    Anode active material (3)    Retainer (4)    Anode board (7)    Cathode plate (8)
NOVELTY - A pair of end plates (12) are arranged on either ends of battery pack. Three fastening bolts (16,17) of different diameter provided in a strip-shaped fastening frame (14), press-fits the end plate along lamination direction of battery pack.    USE - Polyelectrolyte fuel cell stack for portable electric power unit, electric vehicle, domestic co-generator system, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since fastening bolts enable press-fitting of end plate to battery pack, cost reduction during mass production is achieved by reducing number of components and work process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline structure of polyelectrolyte fuel cell stack.    End plates (12)    Fastening frame (14)    Fastening bolts (16,17)
NOVELTY - Separator between the cathode and anode includes a laminate (20) whose either sides are provided with row of inlet and outlet openings (6a,6c) for hot gas and oxidizing gas respectively supplied to anode and cathode. Grooves (26,27) are provided in between the openings on either sides of laminate which is bonded to the exterior manifold (21) through an airtight material.    USE - Polyelectrolyte type fuel cell used as power supply for electric vehicle, domestic cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - Sealing property of battery cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inlet and outlet openings for gases supplied to the electrodes are formed in a single tier. Anode of the cell has catalytic reaction layer pinched between solid polymer electrolyte films.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of position relationship of battery laminate and exterior manifold.    Openings (6a,6c)    Laminate (20)    Exterior manifold (21)    Grooves (26,27)
NOVELTY - Electrode has catalytic reaction layer formed on both sides of polymeric electrolyte film. Heating gas is supplied to the cell consisting of electrode through gas passage way. Non-electroconductive sealing portion is provided on the side of cell for sealing gas in between electrode and separator. Gas manifold supplying gas to cell is formed from rigid case and sealing portion is formed from elastic case.    USE - For portable electric power unit, electric vehicle and domestic generator.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in air resistance and gas sealing property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polyelectrolyte type cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic perspective view of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module (M) comprises solar battery tile (T) which consists of a flexible substrate and an optoelectric transducer, pinched with resin films (4, 5). The outer most film of light-receiving surface consists of a fire-resistant material.    USE - For installing as tiles on roof or wall of building.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module is flexible, has high moisture resistance, flame retardance or non-flammability and photoconversion characteristics, long-term reliability. The spread of fire is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of solar battery module which involves performing heat-attachment of solar battery main body and resin film in piles at 130-160degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view and sectional drawing of solar battery module.    Solar battery tile (T)    Solar battery module (M)    Resin films (4, 5)
NOVELTY - The carbon thin plate substrate is formed by applying a mixture of carbon powder and thermosetting resin chosen from phenol group resin and furan group resin, on a heat resistant thin plate. Carbonization of coated plate is performed by baking after passing through drying and heat curing process.    USE - For solar batteries and thin film semiconductor crystal solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - A silicon crystal thin film of improved strength is formed on the substrate. Cheap substrate and inexpensive solar battery are provided. Solar battery element of high efficiency is produced, as impurities received in the crystal can be reduced. Generation of thermal stress is suppressed, thereby preventing damaging of film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film semiconductor crystal solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows carbon thin plate substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A composition for polymer electrolyte of lithium polymer battery (LPB) is newly found to enhance its ion conductivity and interface stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte comprises polymers belonging to vinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl acetate, organic solvent, lithium salts and inorganic compounds. The polymer blend of vinylidene fluoride (average molecular weight (AMW) = 100,000-350,000) and polyvinyl acetate (AMW = 50,000-500,000) is mixed with weight ratio of 9:1 or 5:5 under tetrahydrofuran solvent. The organic solvent get to use selectively one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, butyrolactone or methyl-ethyl carbonate, with weight ratio of 100-350 per 100 of polymer blend.    The lithium salts is also used one of lithium perchlorate, lithium hexa-fluorophosphate, lithium triplate, lithium bis-trifluoro-methyl-sulfonylimide or lithium tetra-fluoro carbonate, with weight ratio of 2-25 per 100 of polymer blend. In addition, the inorganic compounds are aluminum oxide, lithium oxide, silica or zeolite, with weight ratio of 5-25 of 100 of polymer blend.
NOVELTY - A porous polymer electrolyte obtained by mixing a vinylidene fluoride based polymer with an acrylate based polymer having excellent compatibility with an organic solvent, directly forming a porous structure on a polymer matrix and impregnating a liquid electrolyte and process for producing the same are provided which have excellent impregnating characteristics and ionic conductivity and improved surface stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - This porous polymer electrolyte is prepared by a process consisting of: obtaining a polymer film by dissolving a polymer blend mixed a vinylidene fluoride based polymer with an acrylate based polymer, a plasticizer and inorganic matter in a co-solvent, casting on a glass plate and evaporating the co-solvent; obtaining a porous polymer film by impregnating the obtained polymer film with a polar solvent and drying; and impregnating the dried polymer film with a liquid electrolyte by dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent.
NOVELTY - A lithium ionic conductive polymer film consists of a composite which is formed by doping lithium salt to DNA.    USE - For solid type lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent ionic conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of lithium ionic conductive polymer film which involves immersing DNA sodium salt film in a lithium salt solution of lithium salt dissolved in a solvent in which the film does not dissolve, and drying.
NOVELTY - A paste is a heterogeneous mixture of a matrix (A) comprising organic polymer(s) or their precursor(s) or prepolymer(s), an inorganic solid (B), which is insoluble in the matrix and water and can be activated electrochemically, and a material (C), which improves electrolyte fluid transport and storage in the device but does not simultaneously improve the conductivity if (B) is a material suitable as electrode material.    USE - The films are useful for making electrochemical devices, especially accumulators and batteries in the form of thin film laminates, including compact accumulators and accumulators in substrates for solar cells; and in thick-film technology, e.g. for back-up chips.    ADVANTAGE - Using the paste avoids the drawbacks associated with the use of homogeneous constituents, i.e. materials capable of electrochemical activation that are soluble in the polymer or electrochemically active film composites with a high degree of porosity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) self-supporting or supported films comprising a heterogeneous mixture of (A), (B) and (C);    (b) film laminates;    (c) thick-film rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising the laminate;    (d) the production of flexible and self-supporting or supported films, laminates and electrochemical devices; and    (e) the use of material (C) in pastes containing (A) and (B) and the self-supporting and supported films.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte comprises an anhydrous gel-polymer composed of a three-dimensional inorganic metal oxide network encapsulating a liquid electrolyte solution containing a salt and an organic solvent.    USE - For an electrochemical cell, in particular lithium-ion cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte can serve as both a separator and an electrolyte in a lithium-ion cell. The material is stable and has demonstrated minimal flammability. It is compatible with the lithium-ion cell chemistry since it does not contain water. Lithium-ion electrochemical cells made with the electrolyte function similarly to lithium-ion cells made with a liquid electrolyte. The cells have low capacity fade, 0.69%, and low irreversible capacity, 7.6%.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte.    (B) A method of fabricating an electrolytic cell comprising mixing a liquid electrolyte in an anhydrous solution containing a metal halide and an alcohol to form a liquid precursor, adding the liquid precursor to the cell between the anode and the cathode, and allowing the liquid precursor to solidify in situ forming a gel-polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Flexible photoelectric conversion sheet (3) of optoelectrical transducer is wound on cylindrical core (2). The battery (4) is charged by signals from sheet (3). A controller regulates charging-discharging of battery. The transducer is rolled out of core, based on temperature of battery. When the detected temperature exceeds set limit, electrical connection between battery and other components, is cut-off by a release mechanism.    USE - Solar battery for electrical equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures safety, by releasing connection between battery and related equipment depending on temperature variation. As the environmental pollution by generation of harmful discharge is prevented, contamination is prevented and earth resources are utilized, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of optically chargeable secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Core (2)    Photoelectric conversion sheet (3)    Battery (4)
NOVELTY - Water-based conductive paint, consists of electroconductive material containing graphite and carbon black, dispersant, water-based emulsion of acryl silicon copolymer as binder and water as solvent. The conductive paint is coated to anode jar inner surface of alkaline cell.    USE - For anode jar inner surface of alkaline cells.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive paint is devoid of chlorine group resin and excels in alkali resistance. The conductive paint enables formation of conductive film having favorable electroconductivity on anode jar inner surface, and excellently adheres with nickel galvanized steel sheet. The electroconductive film formed from conductive paint lowers contact resistance with anode, reduces resistance of battery and improves load discharge characteristics of battery.
NOVELTY - Polymer composition comprises 100 parts wt. of (A) ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers having unsaturated carboxylic acid content of at least 4 wt. % and melting point of 85degreesC or higher or their ionomers with 1-30 parts wt. of (B) inorganic fillers having difference in refractive index from the copolymers or their ionomers of up to 0.15 compounded.    USE - The polymer composition is used as sealing materials for solar cell elements.    ADVANTAGE - The resin composition has high transparency, adhesion and heat resistance.
NOVELTY - A fluorine content aromatic resin film which has optical reflection prevention and/or protection characteristics, covers the surface besides a transparent electrode (2) and a backside electrode layer (4).    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits high water resistance, flow resistance, gas barrier property, weather resistance, by using fluorine content aromatic resin film, thereby reduces short circuit loss and restrains reflection of light. Avoids energy loss and reduction of energy conversion efficiency, by eliminating reduction of membranous transparency of electrode using the fluorine content aromatic resin film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal part sectional view illustrating the manufacturing processes of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent electrode (2)    Electrode layer (4)
NOVELTY - The battery (31) electrically connects unit regions of photoelectric conversion layer separated on flexible substrate surface. Protective layer (33) is formed on light receiving and non-receiving surfaces of battery and extends in side direction of battery to form non-electric generation area. Extended connection electrode layer and wiring (42) on non-electric generation area, are connected electrically.    USE - Solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies wiring structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photoelectric conversion section laminates sequentially lower electrode layer, photoelectric conversion layer, transparent electrode layer and connection electrode layer which is formed on backside of substrate. Photoelectric conversion layer and connection electrode layer are separated into unit regions. The protective layer is made of organic binding materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate and includes moisture proof film such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and cycloolefin polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of solar battery module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar battery (31)    Protective layer (33)    Wiring (42)
NOVELTY - Secondary battery comprises two collectors made of valve action metal (6), two electrodes (3, 4), separator (5), and outer can (1). A at least 30 to less than 100 % of surface area of each collector is respectively covered with oxide film (2), which is 1.7-10 nm thick.    USE - Useful as secondary battery, e.g. battery, electrochemical capacitor or electric double-layered capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The secondary battery exhibits an excellent cyclic property and film forming property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of producing a secondary battery comprising subsequently forming first and second oxide films to at least 30 to less than 100% of surface area of respective collector, and subsequently forming first and second electrodes on respective collector. Each oxide film is 1.7-10 nm thick.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is schematically illustrating the inner structure of the inventive battery.    outer can (1)    oxide film (2)    two electrodes (3, 4)    separator (5)    valve action metal (6)
NOVELTY - Electric arc welding equipment with welding circuit and welding electrode for forming a weld bead on a workpiece has fuel cell(s) as electrical energy source to supply the voltage and current for the circuit and (partly) strike an arc between the electrode and workpiece. Between its anode and cathode, the cell has proton-conducting solid polymer membrane(s), holding an organic maintenance agent and a mechanism for transferring this to the anode.    USE - The equipment is especially useful as portable electric arc welding equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Existing portable arc welding equipment normally uses one or often two generators operating with a mineral oil, e.g. petrol, which are noisy and produce hazardous waste gas. Battery-operated equipment is extremely cumbersome and has a limited life, whilst solar collectors are impractical. The fuel cells are more environmentally friendly, simple and safe to operate and suitable for use under numerous conditions. They are portable, give high quality welds and also reduce noise and pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) the welding process using this equipment, which comprises providing an electrode, fuel cell as energy source and circuit and supplying the current to strike the arc; (b) the use of a fuel cell for supplying current and voltage in this equipment or process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of electric arc welding equipment with a fuel cell as energy source. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electric arc welding unit (20)    Workpieces to be welded (30)    Welding head (40)    Nozzle (42)    Housing (50)    Welding electrode (60)    Roll of welding wire (70)    Protective gas source (80)    Gas pipe (82)    Electrical energy source (90)    Fuel cells (100)
NOVELTY - Production of sulfonated aromatic polymers comprises mixing an inert organic solvent, a carboxylic acid anhydride and a sulfonation agent and a polymer solution in concentrated H2SO4, chlorosulfonic acid or oleum and reacting at below 25 degrees C.    USE - For the production of homogeneous membranes or multi-component blend membranes used in electro-membrane processes, such as electrodialysis, and fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - There is no degradation during sulfonation and the degree of homogeneity is high.
NOVELTY - An active material composing binder for Li secondary cell is provided to enhance adhering force and cycle life by effectively reducing the content of poly vinylidene fluoride.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A Li secondary cell comprises an anode including an anode active material and first binder, a cathode including a cathode active material and second binder, and a non aqueous electrolyte. At least one of the first and second binders includes polymethyl methacrylate. A portion of a poly vinylidene fluoride binder is replaced with polymethyl methacrylate. Polymethyl methacrylate is not separated from poly vinylidene fluoride when mixed together. The content of polymethyl methacrylate ranges 5 to 50wt%, and preferably 5 to 15wt%. If the content of polymethyl methacrylate is under 5wt%, an effect of adhering force enhancement is not shown. If the content is over 50wt%, the mixed composition becomes too rigid to be applied to electricity.
NOVELTY - Aqueous silicone is applied on outer surface of shank (4a) of sealing stopper (4) by coating, spraying or immersion process, and dried to form a film (a).    USE - Sealed type battery.    ADVANTAGE - The productivity of sealed type battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for sealed type battery that incorporates the sealing stopper.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top, side and bottom views of sealing stopper manufactured.    sealing stopper (4)    shank (4a)    film (a)
NOVELTY - A processed gas-permeable expanded graphite plate is impregnated with a polymeric material by pressure reduction, and hardened to preset shape, to obtain gas impermeable graphite plate.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A part of the plate or the whole plate is made gas-permeable. The plate has thin shape, light weight, high output and bulk density. Gas leak is prevented and machining during press stamping is made easy.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module has a sealing material (102) and surface member (103) laminated on light receiving surface of photovoltaic cell (101). The sealing material is a non-bridged resin whose needle insertion peak temperature under 10 gf load is 75-110degreesC.    USE - Building materials and solar power generation apparatus (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module excels in productivity, creep resistance property and weather resistance property. The reliability and durability of the building material and solar power generation apparatus are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) building materials formed by laminating a plate on the reverse side of the solar battery module; and    (ii) electric power generation apparatus which has electric power converter connected to solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of solar battery module.    Photovoltaic cell (101)    Surface sealing material (102)    Surface member (103)
NOVELTY - A lithium polymer battery comprises positive and negative electrode plates (21, 22) with respective current collector and electrode sheet; a separator (23) between the two plates; and a coating mechanism (31, 32) between respective collector and electrode sheet for increasing their adhesiveness. Each electrode sheet has active material fixed to the respective current collector.    USE - As components of electronic portable devices.    ADVANTAGE - The thickness difference of the coating mechanism due to adhesive resin and conductive agent is prevented, thus improving the structures of positive and negative electrode plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an enlarged perspective view of a battery unit.    Electrode plates (21, 22)    Separator (23)    Coating mechanism (31, 32)
NOVELTY - A secondary battery using a nonaqueous electrolytic solution has: (a) negative electrodes using a material for electrochemically storing and releasing a lithium ion, metal lithium, or a lithium alloy; (b) positive electrodes using a material electrochemically storing and releasing a lithium ion; and (c) a nonaqueous electroytic solution.    USE - The secondary battery using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used for the electric car, the hybrid car, and the power storage system.    ADVANTAGE - The secondary battery has safety with respect to overcharge, short circuit, heating, and good battery characteristics. The electric car, the hybrid car, and the power storage system have the superior safety described above.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The nonaqueous solvent of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains a hydrofluoroether of formula (1), a chained ether of formula (2), and a cyclic carbonate of formula (3). The electrolyte of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains an organic lithium salt having a structure of formula (4). The nonaqueous solvent has compatibility with the electrolyte.    CnFmOR (1)    R = alkyl;    n = 1-10;    m = 2n+1;    ratio of H/F = 2/3 or less    n = 1-10.    R1-4 = bonded to R1 and R4, or H, halo, alkyl, or alkyl halide.    n, m = 1-5.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell power generating system comprises a wet filter kept wet by water supply device and provided in an oxidizing agent gas supply passage of a fuel cell body, so clean air containing no impurities can be supplied to an air electrode of the fuel cell.    USE - For a fuel cell power generating system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell power generating system comprises a wet filter kept wet by water supply device and provided in an oxidizing agent gas supply passage of a fuel cell body, so clean air containing no impurities can be supplied to an air electrode of the fuel cell.    As a result, deterioration of gas diffusion due to impurities and deterioration of the conductivity of a solid polymer membrane can be prevented and the output characteristics of the fuel cell is improved.    The wet filter can be a sheet of porous material of high water absorption properties. Therefore the supplied water wets the wet filter substantially evenly to maintain the wet state of the filter, thereby improving the ability of capture impurities in the air. Since the solid polymer membrane is adequately wetted by the wet air, the conductivity is improved. Further since the wet filter is disposed in the oxidizing agent gas supply passage, wetter air is supplied to the fuel cell body, the wet state of the solid polymer membrane is maintained, and the conductivity of the solid polymer membrane is well maintained.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical metal air cell consists of an air cathode having an active layer, a conductive air diffusion layer, and a current collecting substrate. The current collecting substrate is not merged in the active layer.    USE - Used for hearing aids.    ADVANTAGE - The cathode of the invented metal air cell is simple to make and has a very low electrical resistance. The invented metal air cell has high current density, high working voltage, and high power output.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical metal air cell includes an anode can (7), a cathode can (5), a sealing gasket, a metal anode, a separator (4), an electrolyte, and an air cathode.    The air cathode includes:    (a) an active layer (1) comprising a mixture of active carbon, manganese dioxide, and polytetrafluoroethylene;    (b) a conductive air diffusion layer (3) comprising a mixture of carbon black and polymeric material; and    (c) a current collecting substrate (2) comprising a planar metal structure.    The active layer is disposed on a first side of the air diffusion layer.    The current collecting substrate is disposed with a first side on a second side of the air diffusion layer so it does not contact the active layer. A second side of the current collecting substrate is disposed in contact with the bottom of the cathode can.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing is a cross-sectional, side elevational view of the metal air cell.    Active layer (1)    Current collecting substrate (2)    Air diffusion layer (3)    Separator (4)    Cathode can (5)    Anode can (7)
NOVELTY - A battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte has a cathode reversibly storing and releasing lithium, an anode containing a lithium-transition metal phosphate and an electrolyte.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte has superior battery characteristics, is economical, and environmentally friendly. The battery has a voltage lower than that of a lithium ion battery. The result meets a decrease in driving voltage in integrated circuits.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte has a cathode reversibly storing and releasing lithium, an anode containing a lithium-transition metal phosphate of formula (1) and an electrolyte. LixMyPO4 (1)    x = greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2;    y = greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2;    M = component containing 3d transition metal.    The electrolyte contains a siloxane derivative of formula (2);    a = 0-100;    b = 1-100;    m = 0-100;    n = 0-100;    R = H, or alkyl;    D = -Si(CH3)(CH3)-O-;    D' = -Si(CH3)(CH2CH2CH2-O-(CH2CH2-O-)m(CH(CH3)-CH2-O-)n-R)-O-;    when b = greater than 1, b pieces of D' = same or different ;    H contained in D' and R = may be substituted for halo.
NOVELTY - This fuel composition for a fuel battery contains fuel containing alcohol having carbon number being up to 3 and water, and an interface active agent.    USE - Useful in a power source for a small apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - A starting time of a fuel battery is shortened.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen detector has a detecting part (DP) (12) equipped in gas chamber (8). DP has solid polymer film (2) whose both sides are provided with electroconductive carbon sheets (1,3). Carbon electrodes (4,5) are arranged on both sides of carbon sheet. Electric power unit (6) is connected to electrodes, and ampere meter (7) detects electric current which changes depending upon the concentration of hydrogen gas.    USE - For detecting concentration of hydrogen in heating gas, for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen detector detects the concentration of hydrogen gas even at low temperature, without using an amendment circuit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas chamber has an inlet (9) and outlet (10). The electric power unit is connected to the electrodes such that the electrodes (4,5) function as anode and cathode, respectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional model of hydrogen detector. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electroconductive carbon sheets (1,3)    Solid polymer film (2)    Carbon electrodes (4,5)    Electric power unit (6)    Ampere meter (7)    Gas chamber (8)    Inlet (9)    Outlet (10)    Detecting part (12)
NOVELTY - Clad plate of anode terminal (5) is comprised by sequential lamination of Al layers (5a) on the nickel layer (5b). An adhesive layer (7) is formed on the junction of the nickel and Al layer and also on exposed surface of the Al layer. A lead of anode and the clad plate are welded using ultrasonic waves respectively.    USE - For electric vehicle, portable electronic device, load leveling, as power supply.    ADVANTAGE - Since adhesive layer is formed on the junction of Ni-Al layers, and on exposed surface of Al layer, damage causing to anode during ultrasonic welding is avoided, hence improves reliability of anode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the top view and cross-sectional view of anode terminal.    anode terminal (5)    aluminum layer (5a)    nickel layer (5b)    adhesive layer (7)
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell is a laminate, consisting of solid polymeric electrolyte film interposed between anode and cathode stuck with separators (47). Horizontal dimension (a) and longitudinal dimension (b) of separator satisfies preset relation.    USE - Solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell has long life, is reliable, inexpensive and light weight. The separator enables size reduction and improves productivity of solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell. The separator excels in thermal conductivity, electroconductivity, corrosion resistance, and has minimum casting defects.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Separator is obtained by die-casting using metallic mold (49) equipped with vertical molten metal supply port (48) for filling molten metal. The horizontal dimension (a) and longitudinal dimension (b) of the separator satisfies the relation a/b at least 1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacture of separator for solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell;    (b) defect testing method of separator;    (c) heat processing of separator;    (d) surface coating of separator; and    (e) testing of defects on coated surface of separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows    Separator (47)    Molten metal supply port (48)    Metallic mold (49)
NOVELTY - Gel-like solid electrolyte comprises a matrix polymer, a nonaqueous solvent, and a lithium inorganic salt.    USE - The gel-like solid electrolyte is used for the polymer battery, particularly, a lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery is formed by sandwiching the gel-like solid electrolyte between a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material.    ADVANTAGE - The gel-like solid electrolyte containing the matrix polymer has sufficient ion conductivity and superior gel properties. The gel-like solid electrolyte has the properties sufficiently applied to the lithium ion battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gel-like solid electrolyte comprises a matrix polymer, a nonaqueous solvent, and a lithium inorganic salt.    The matrix polymer contains a chemically crosslinked product consisting of an acryloyl group-containing compound of formula (I) and a both terminated vinyl ether group-containing crosslinked compound of formula (II).    R1 = H, alkyl, aryl, acyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl (all optionally alkylene oxide-denatured);    R2, R3 = H, or 1-5C alkyl; and    n = integer 1-50.
NOVELTY - The polyimide film is formed by reacting 4,4'-diamino diphenylether, para phenylene diamine, pyromellitic dianhydride and biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride in presence of aprotic solvent to form polyamic acid. The polyamic acid is subjected to dehydration to perform ring closure reaction and the acid is subjected to drawing to form gel film at 1.05-2.0 times along orthogonal direction.    USE - For solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal expansion coefficient of solar battery substrate is minimized and substrate has high Young's modulus value. The substrate has good flexibility and breaking during the time of handling is prevented. The manufacture of solar battery substrate is economical and effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery substrate. The polyimide film is formed by reacting 4,4'-diamino diphenylether and para phenylene diamine in the molar ratio of 10/90-40/60 in presence of aprotic solvent to form polyamic acid. The pyromellitic dianhydride and biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is set to a molar ratio of 100/0-75/25 such that the diamine and acid anhydride component is 100/95-95/100. The polyamic acid is subjected to dehydration to perform ring closure reaction. The polyimide film is placed on a metal electrode and drawn to a film along the conveyance direction. Subsequently, the film is drawn to 1.05-2.0 times along orthogonal direction.
NOVELTY - A process for the preparation of graft copolymers comprises reacting a solution or solvent-swollen polymer containing at least 50% methylene groups in its backbone with an unsaturated fluoro compound of formula (I) in the presence of a source of free radicals using sufficient heat to initiate the reaction.    USE - The graft polymeric ionomers are useful for electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors and electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The polymers are stable and, due to the lower content of fluorine than comparative polymers, are less expensive to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The grafting compound for the polymer has the formula (I) (I) F2C=CFR1R2SO2X where    R1 = covalent bond or 1-20C perfluoroalkenyl radical, R2 = -O-(CF2CF(R3)-Om)n-CF2CF2-, m = 0,1, n = 0,1,2, R3 = F or -Y(M)(SO2R4)p, Y = C or N, M = alkali metal, R4 = 1-10C perfluoroalkyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more ether oxygens, p = 1 when Y = N and p = 2 when Y = C    . INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) A non-crosslinked polymer being the graft copolymer; and (2) An ionically conductive composition comprising the graft copolymer and an ionic carbonate.
NOVELTY - Electrolyte for a secondary cell comprises an ionic compound and an organic polymer. The organic polymer is an oxyalkylene compound or a borate compound obtained by esterifying the oxyalkylene compound with boric acid or boric acid anhydride.    USE - Used as an electrolyte for secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity and is highly safe. Batteries which contain the electrolyte have good charge/discharge cycles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The oxyalkylene compound is of formula:    Z1-((A1O)l-R1)a (I),    Z2-((A2O)m-R2)b (II),    Z3-((A3O)n-R5)c (IV) or    Z4-((A4O)o-H)d (VI)    Z1 = the residue of a compound having 1-6 OH groups;    A1O = a mixture of at least 1 2-4C oxyalkylene groups;    R1 = cyanoethyl group, 1-12C hydrocarbon group, or a H atom; lambda = 0-600;    a = 1-6;    l x a = 0-600;    Z2 = the residue of a compound having 1-4 OH groups, or OH group;    A2O = as A1O;    m = 0-150;    b = 1-4;    m x b = 0-300;    R2 = H, cyanoethyl of CHR3=CR4-C(=O)- (III);    R3-4 = H or methyl group; Z3 = as Z2;    A3O = as A1O;    n = 0-150;    c = 1-4;    n x c = 0-300;    R5 = CHR6=CR7-C(=O)- (V);    R6-7 = H or methyl group;    Z4 = as Z1;    A4O = as A1O; 0 = 100-150000;    d = 1-6;    o x d = 100-150000.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a secondary cell using the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The strap consists of built-in polymeric secondary battery (PSB) as strip-shaped structure. PSB consists of a solid polymeric electrolyte (17) interposed between anode and cathode materials (16,13) which are covered by covering (18). Polymeric battery has terminal to provide electrical contact, and connector. The connector is installed into connecting portion of portable electronic machine.    USE - The portable strap is used for electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The strap consists of in-built polymer secondary battery acts as power source for portable electronic machine. Hence separate space for batteries in portable electronic machine is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for portable electronic machine.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of portable strap.    Cathode and anode materials (13, 16)    Solid polymeric electrolyte (17)
NOVELTY - The wire gauze (16) filled with resin filler (15) consisting of ethylene-vinyl acetate co-polymer, covers photoelectric conversion cell (14) and electrode (13) that are provided to backside of glass substrate (12). The wire gauze is covered with transparent sheet. A spacer which consists of non-woven fabric, is interposed between photoelectric conversion cell, backside electrode and wire gauze.    USE - In roof panels of residential buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The wire gauze filled with resin filler, acts as shock absorbing material. The wire gauze also prevents scattering of glass even if the glass substrate is damaged by fall, thus improving safety.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of solar battery module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (12)    Electrode (13)    Photoelectric conversion cell (14)    Resin filler (15)    Wire gauze (16)
NOVELTY - The electrode active substance composition comprises electrode active substance, plasticizer, binder and solvent. The plasticizer is ethylene glycol derivative, cyclic carbonate group substance, non-cyclic carbonate group substance and/or propylene glycol derivative.    USE - For lithium secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The plasticizer is removed under vacuum and hence, production time of battery is shortened. The manufacturing process of lithium secondary battery is simplified and the productivity of battery is improved. The lithium secondary battery has long life and low temperature characteristics. The adhesive strength of separator and electrode are excellent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Separator composition;    (b) Manufacturing method of lithium secondary battery using electrode active substance and separator compositions
NOVELTY - Photoelectric conversion device comprises photosensitive layer with semiconductor particles (3), and a charge transporting layer (5). The semiconductor particles comprise zinc oxide and tin oxide, and the transport layer comprises at least 50 wt.% of a molten slat electrolyte.    USE - In the field of photovoltaic power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The devices have high efficiency, with improved durability and a high short circuit current which undergoes little deterioration of performance even when working temperature decreases.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a photo-electrochemical cell incorporating the photoelectric conversion device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of a photo-electrochemical cell.    conductive layer (2)    semiconductor layer (3)    dye layer (4)    electrolyte layer (5)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises fuel cell provided with several unit cells. The unit cell has electrolysis part (43) provided between negative plate (42) and anode (41). A plate for supplying hydrogen gas (44a,48a) to plate (42) and plate for supplying oxygen gas (44b,47b) to anode are arranged in the cell. Water supply source for holding water and moistening polymer film is arranged above fuel cell.    USE - Producing electrical energy in motor vehicles such as car.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer film is sufficiently moistened by the water supply source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The negative plate is a solid polymer film. The plates are provided with grooves on one surface. The fuel cell dissociates hydrogen gas into hydrogen ion and an electron which react with oxygen gas to form water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode (41)    Negative plate (42)    Electrolysis part (43)    Groove supplying hydrogen gas (44a,48a)    Groove supplying oxygen gas (44b,47b)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a solid polymer electrolyte film (4) having an area larger than the electrodes (5,6), pinched between electrodes, and a support. Gaskets (7) are provided so that the solid polymer electrolyte film periphery (4a) protruding from electrode function is covered and fitted.    USE - Used as power source for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Gas leak is minimized, deformation of electrode is prevented and cost reduction is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary section of fuel cell.    Electrolyte film (4)    Electrolyte film periphery (4a)    Electrodes (5,6)    Gasket (7)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system has fuel cell stack comprising two or more laminated unit batteries (101). The battery comprises fuel gas diffusion electrode (103) and oxidizing gas diffusion electrode (104) arranged on either sides of solid polymer electrolyte film (102).    USE - Electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Excess moisture content formed by the cell reaction is easily ejected from the solid polymer electrolyte film and catalyst layer. The moisture and vapor content is controllable by adjusting the water vapor saturation of the reaction gas, thereby rationalizing emission of water in the battery. Excess leakage of the catalyst layer is prevented. The fuel cell system can maintain high battery characteristics for a long period of time. Time dependent reduction of an output is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrodes sequentially comprise catalyst layer (103a,104a), water repellent porous layer (103b,104b), porous gaseous diffusion board (103s, 104s). The porous layer has a thickness of 10-1 microns. Heating gas and oxidizing gas are supplied to the cell stack to generate electric power.
NOVELTY - Terminal (2) of battery is insert molded with a resin cover (3). The terminal is pressed to enlarge its outer diameter.    USE - Manufacture of capacitor and lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Has improved contact strength between terminal and resin cover and prevents leakage of electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the terminal structure of capacitor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows manufacture of battery and terminal structure of capacitor.    Terminal (2)    Resin cover (3)
NOVELTY - The battery lead wires (8,9) have strip shaped lead wire with flat surfaces and thin double sided edge (10).    USE - Portable apparatus like thin capacitors and polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The lead wire has excellent sealing property and leak prevention. Penetration of moisture or water is prevented and cycle life of battery is improved. Manufacturing process of the battery is simplified and cost is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) thin battery; and    (b) usage of battery lead wire.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of a thin battery.    Lead wires (8,9)    Edge (10)
NOVELTY - The polymer battery packaging material (1) comprises a laminated composite aluminum foil. The composite foil comprises an aluminum foil (3), maleic anhydride modified polypropylene layer (4) and extrusion coated polypropylene layer (5), in sequence.    USE - Packaging of polymer battery used for electronic machines, e.g. portable telephones and note type personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has solvent resistance and excellent heat sealing property with good adhesion. Usage of electrolyte is avoided and large cost reduction is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the polymer battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of a polymer battery packaging material.    Polymer battery packaging material (1)    Aluminum foil (3)    Polypropylene layers (4,5)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte containing a block copolymer comprises at least one block having sulfonic acid groups, at least one block having essentially no sulfonic acid groups and at least one block having aromatic rings in the main chain.    USE - As a polymeric electrolyte, suitable for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductivity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A method for producing the polymer electrolyte by reacting a precursor of formula (I), (II) or (III) with a precursor of formula (IV) and sulfonating the copolymer; and    (2) A fuel cell obtained by using the polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A polymer for macromolecular solid electrolyte comprises a structural unit of a 1-4C linear or branched alkylene oxide with a pendant side chain of a deprotonated acid residue and its N-containing cation terminated by a monoethylenically unsaturated compound. The unit has formula (I).    USE - As a macromolecular solid electrolyte for a fuel cell, secondary lithium cell. It can also be used for electrochemical devices such as a diaphragm for an ion electrode, a capacitor for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor and a sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte forms a molten salt at room temperature. It has excellent ion conductivity at low temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The structural unit for the polymer has the formula (I)    where less thanMARmore than R = 1-4C linear or branched alkylene group, X- = deprotonated acid residue, Y+ = cation of N-containing compound, Z = monoethylenically unsaturated compound, m = 2-20, n = 3-500, p = 0-2 less thanMARmore than. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) A polymer produced by polymerizing a monomer having an acid group to a compound of formula (II)    (II) R1O-(-R2O)n-R3    and allowing polymer to react with a cationic N-containing compound;    (2) A polymer produced by polymerizing the components in (1) in the presence of a monoethylenic monomer and allowing polymer to react with a cationic N-containing compound; and    (3) A macromolecular solid electrolyte with the polymer as an essential component.
NOVELTY - Producing an electrochromic mirror comprises: obtaining an electrochromic mirror cell by laminating two electrically conductive substrates applied with a sealant on the peripheral edge of conductive surface; sealing the cell after injecting an electrolyte; and annealing the cell containing the electrolyte.    USE - For producing an electrochromic mirror for glare-protection from light emanating from headlights of vehicles approaching from the rear.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents the conductive layer from being contaminated and improves the performances of the cell.
NOVELTY - An ionically conductive thermoreversible gel electrolyte comprises: (a) a blend of atactic or syndiotactic and isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate); (b) a complexing organic solvent; and (c) a salt soluble in the organic solvent.    USE - The electrolyte is used for electrochromic and electrochemical devices, e.g. fuel cells (claimed), lithium secondary batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochromic windows.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides ionically conductive gel electrolytes that combine high ionic conductivities at ambient temperature with good mechanical properties and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making an ionically conductive thermoreversible gel electrolyte comprising forming a solution of a mixture of atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (a-PMMA) or syndiotactic PMMA, and isotactic PMMA (i-PMMA) in an organic solvent at 20 degreesC. A lithium salt is incorporated beforehand, simultaneously or afterwards. The solution is cooled.
NOVELTY - A carbon composite molded product is molded in a given shape by using a composite composition set in a blend ratio, such as 65 - 85 wt% graphite powder, 15 - 30 wt% thermosetting resin, and 3 - 10 wt% conductive carbon black.    USE - Useful in a battery for an electric automobile.    ADVANTAGE - Excellent moldability is provided, and very high conductivity is provided as a necessary and sufficient mechanical strength is ensured.
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte film comprises 100-400 weight parts (weight parts) of non-aqueous electrolyte, carried in 100 weight parts of copolymer matrix of vinylidine fluoride (VdF), perfluoro methyl vinyl ether (PFMV), and tetra fluoro ethylene (TFE).    USE - For electrochemical elements, e.g. lithium and lithium ion secondary battery (claimed), and electrical double layer capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte film has high ionic conductivity, and excellent mechanical characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for secondary battery, using polymer electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - An anion exchanger polymer solution comprises fluorine containing anion exchanger polymer dissolved in a fluorine containing alcohol solvent. The fluorine containing anion exchanger polymer has perfluorocarbon polymer in the principal chain and quaternary nitrogen atom in side chain terminal.    USE - As electrolyte film for solid high molecular form fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The anion exchanger membranous substance with improved strength after cast film production, is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid high molecular type fuel cell having anion exchange film obtained using anionic exchanger polymer solution, or catalyst layer formed by coating a liquid containing catalyst and anion exchanger polymer solution.
NOVELTY - The negative plate (2) is composed of graphite mesophase pitch carbon particles having specific surface area of 0.5-2.5 m2/g, and graphitic carbon particles having specific surface area of 0.5-20.0 m2/g. Grain size of 50 % of graphitic mesophase pitch carbon particles is 10-30 microns and that of 50 % of graphitic carbon particles is 2.0-25 microns.    USE - For small-sized and lightweight electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Provides durable battery, by using negative plate with specified content in specified pattern and in specified proportion.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of polymer lithium secondary battery.    negative plate (2)
NOVELTY - The paste (2) is prepared by mixing active material and polymer. The paste is stirred and applied on the collector. The applied paste is spread by making the collector to pass through the slit.    USE - For manufacturing cathode plate material for polymer lithium secondary battery used in portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Improves yield of battery by preventing viscosity raise of paste during coating.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the outline of coating apparatus. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    paste (2)
NOVELTY - A polyimide resin contains silica having a mean particle diameter of 0.1-1 micronmeter and containing 0.5 percent by weight or less of remaining carbon.    USE - The polyimide composition is used for the substrate for use in the solar battery. The substrate is also used for an optical sensor, a light switch.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silica provides the surface of the coating with uniform fine irregularities, resulting in efficiently providing irregular reflection to incident solar light to contain the solar light in the surface of the substrate. The use of the resulting polyimide composition stably produces the substrate having a high opto-electric conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte gel comprises a polymer or copolymer matrix and at least one non-aqueous polar solvent.    USE - The gel is used in an electrochemical device such as a secondary lithium battery (claimed), electrochromic windows, actuators, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The gel has both high ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and good mechanical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a composite electrolyte adapted for use in electrochemical applications, comprising the above polyelectrolyte gel and a means for providing dimensional stability; and    (2) preparation of the polyelectrolyte gel comprising: (i) mixing at least one monomer having a side chain carrying an alkali metal with at least one monomer having a polar moiety; (ii) dissolving the mixture in at least one non-aqueous polar solvent; (iii) dewatering to a water content of less than 0.1%; and (iv) inducing polymerization.
NOVELTY - A thermoplastic fluoroelastomer comprises a block copolymer imido-hybrid fluorosilicone of specified formula.    USE - The fluoroelastomer is used for manufactured articles (claimed), preferably membranes and binders for electrical batteries, and e.g. coatings and claddings for optical fibers and components, insulants and dielectric materials.    ADVANTAGE - The fluoroelastomer has good workability, low surface tension, low temperature flexibility and good thermoresistance with good mechanical properties, compared to prior art.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thermoplastic fluoroelastomer comprises a block copolymer imido-hybrid fluorosilicone of formula (I) or (II).    A = an oligoimide rigid block obtained by condensing an aromatic dianhydride with an aromatic diamine.    B = a hybrid telechelic alpha,omega-bis silaoligosiloxane soft block.    B is of formula (III) or (IV).    R1 = methyl or phenyl;    R2 = methyl, C2H4CF3 or C2H4C4F9;    Rf = optionally branched group of formula (V)    R3 = F or trifluoromethyl;    R'f = (2 - 6 C) perfluoroalkylene;    q + t = 2 - 12; m = 1 - 3; n = 2 or 3; v = 1 -20; x = 5 - 100; and y = 1 - 10.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a coating comprising the fluoroelastomer.
NOVELTY - New production of meta type polyaniline involves polymerizing aniline in water or at least one organic solvent in the presence of at least one oxidizing agent at -20 - 50degreesC. The organic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide. The oxidizing agent is ammonium peroxodisulfate, iron (III) chloride, manganese dioxide or hydrogen peroxide.    USE - As solid polymer electrolyte material for fuel cells particularly for liquid supply type direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).    ADVANTAGE - The acid-doped meta type polyanilines are excellent in proton conductivity and methanol barrier property, very high in doped stability in aqueous solutions of methanol. The polyaniline has a flexible molecular structure compared with the para-type polyaniline.
NOVELTY - A thermobonding resin portion is provided over a cover (3) with opening (4a,4b) at its ends. The positive and negative electrodes are enclosed by the cover.    USE - For electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - The volume energy density of battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery sealing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the top view of lithium secondary battery.    cover (3)    opening (4a,4b)
NOVELTY - An anode (2) is formed of lithium content compound, while a cathode (3) consists of lithium-doped carbon material. The non-aqueous electrolyte includes non-aqueous solvent with dissolved electrolyte salt and a polyalcohol as an additive.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits raise of internal resistance during usage of battery for a long time. The life of battery is lengthened, while excellent battery characteristic is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows perspective view of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    anode (2)    cathode (3)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module is new.    USE - As Solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery effectively prevents light pollution caused by light reflection at a light incident side and exhibits good external appearance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar battery module has: (a) a transparent insulating substrate having a first and a second principal plane; (b) a transparent electrode layer, an opto-electric conversion layer consisting of a semiconductor, and a bottom surface electrode layer successively laid up on the first principal plane; and (c) a glare-proof layer provided on the second principal plane to form a given pattern.
NOVELTY - Positive temperature coefficient composition, contains crystalline macromolecule, 100 parts by weight, blended with a metal-based conductive filler, 300-550 parts by weight, a crosslinking agent, 0.01-100 parts by weight, and a fluoroalkyl, 0.01-50 parts by weight.    USE - The positive temperature coefficient composition is used for an over current protective element for preventing an over current observed in unusual operation in a battery, or an electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - The fluoroalkyl having high thermal expansion inhibits a decrease in resistance at a switching temperature or above. The macromolecular alloy decreases the initial resistance. The resulting positive temperature coefficient composition exhibits the good positive temperature coefficient with good reproducibility in repeated use and high resistance at the switching temperature or above.
NOVELTY - The electrolyte contains dissolved lithium salt and 1-10 weight percent (wt.%) of fluorine group surfactant such as perfluoro alkyl polyoxyalkylene alcohol, perfluoro alkyl alkoxylate, fluorinated alkyl ester or perfluoro alkyl sulfonated, preferably fluorinated alkyl ester as surfactant.    USE - For non-aqueous secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The obtained electrolyte has improved thermal stability due to the addition of fluorinated alkyl ester, hence by using the electrolyte, safe non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the electrolyte.
NOVELTY - An organic expander composition for use in a negative plate of a lead-acid storage battery, comprises a blend of an oxylignin and a kraft lignin. The blend contains 1 part oxylignin and 2 parts kraft lignin to 2 parts oxylignin and about 1 part kraft lignin.    USE - The organic expander is added to the negative electrode of lead-acid batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The expander improves a storage battery by greatly increasing its capacity and life, particularly cycle life and cold cranking capacity at high rates of discharge and at low temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a paste for use in a negative plate of a lead-acid storage battery, comprising an admixture of: water; lead-containing compound; and the above organic expander;    (b) a negative plate for a lead-acid storage battery comprising a grid, and a paste covering the grid, where the paste is as above; and    (c) manufacture of a negative plate for a lead-acid storage battery, by preparing the above paste, covering a grid with the paste, and curing the paste on the grid.
NOVELTY - Positive temperature coefficient composition contains crystalline macromolecule, 100 parts by weight, blended with a metal-based conductive filler, 300-550 parts by weight, a crosslinking agent, 0.01-100 parts by weight, a fullerene (C60), 0.01-100 parts by weight.    USE - The positive temperature coefficient composition is used for an over current protective element for preventing an over current observed in unusual operation in a battery, or an electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - The fullerene reduces a deterioration in the properties of the crystalline macromolecule. The positive temperature coefficient composition has a positive temperature coefficient effect having stability and good reproducibility in repeated use.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen storage composite molding contains a hydrogen storage material and a silicon resin.    USE - The molding can be used in hydrogen supply sources of fuel cells and in hydrogen vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The composite molding is free from pulverizing or collapse even after carrying out absorption and release repeatedly for a long period of time, and has good heat resistance, formability and processability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a hydrogen storage composite molding by press molding the hydrogen storage material, impregnating into silicon resin solution or dispersion and curing.
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has an electrolyte-electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of porous electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies fuel gas to one of the porous electrodes, and a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies oxidizing gas to the other electrode.    USE - None given..    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved quality and reduced cost. The problem of the gas seal is solved easily and simply and safely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The assembly has a gas seal part which comprises a component where the polymer electrolyte membrane jutting out from the edge part of the porous electrode is coated and a component which is inserted in the inner part of the edge part of the porous electrode.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly with a gas seal part.    Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (11)    Porous Electrode (12)    Component interposed in Electrode (13)    Gas Seal Part (14)    Thin Component (15)    Gas Member (16)
NOVELTY - Moisture absorbing and desorbing organic polymer material comprises an organic polymer base material with a main polymer chain bonded with side chains containing a hydrophilic group.    USE - Particularly useful as a desiccant for humidity adjustment in e.g. air conditioning systems.    ADVANTAGE - The material has improved adsorption and desorption properties, is cheap to make and easy to dispose, such as by incineration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of producing the material by graft polymerization of a hydrophilic group-containing monomer to an organic base material, or by graft polymerization of a monomer capable of forming such a group and subsequently introducing the hydrophilic group in the side chains.
NOVELTY - Polymeric solid electrolyte includes polymer containing specific aromatic repeating unit, and inorganic acid, organic acid, inorganic salt or organic salt.    USE - Polymeric solid electrolyte is useful for producing electrochemical devices such as primary and secondary cell electrolytes, fuel cell electrolyte, display elements, various sensors, signal transmission media.    ADVANTAGE - The polymeric solid electrolyte exhibits high proton conduction degree over a wide temperature range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The specific aromatic repeating unit has the following formula (I).    Z = -(CH2)nCH3, -CH3, -CH3, -SO3H, -COOH, -(CH2)COOH, -(CH2)nSO3H, ;    n = integer of 1 to 9;    Y' = single bond, -O-, -S-, -SO2-, -CO-, -CH2-, ;    W = -H or -SO3H;    Ar = group of formulae (2); Y2 = Y1.
NOVELTY - A gel electrolyte comprises non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing lithium-containing salt dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent and made into a gel state by a matrix polymer. The gel electrolyte contains vinylene carbonate or its derivative at 0.05-5 weight% with respect to the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.    USE - Gel electrolyte cells (claimed) for portable electronic apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The gel electrolyte has good chemical stability, strength and liquid retention characteristics. The cell has improved cell capacity, cycle characteristics, load characteristics and low temperature characteristics. The gel electrolyte, by inclusion of vinylene carbonate, shows good chemical stability of the negative electrode and electrolyte. The cell has improved initial charge/discharge efficiency and capacity. The electrolyte also suppresses swelling caused by gas generation and prevents change in cell dimensions and shape.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a gel electrolyte cell. The cell (1) comprises a negative electrode of a lithium metal or lithium alloy or carbon material capable of doping or de-doping lithium, a positive electrode of a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal, and a gel electrolyte between the two electrodes. The electrolyte is a non-aqueous solution containing lithium-containing salt in solvent, made into gel state by a matrix polymer, and contains vinylene carbonate or its derivative at 0.05-5 weight% with respect to the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of gel electrolyte cell.    Cell (1)    Casing film (6)    Terminals (7,8)
NOVELTY - Vapor deposition film containing inorganic oxide is formed on back side of weather resistant base (1) and is laminated with coloring filler layer (3).    USE - Back side protection sheet for solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Since suitable back side protection sheet is attained, resistant to weather changes, heat, water, light, wind pressure, hail, chemicals, is enabled and prevents penetration of moisture and air. Reduces degradation due to ageing.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the back side protection sheet.    Base (1)    Coloring filler layer (3)
NOVELTY - The cover comprises a transparent resin film (2) made of fluororesin. The resin film and a glass non-woven fabric (3) are laminated by ethylene vinyl acetate copolymerized bonding resin layer (4) which comprises cross linking agent. The resin film and fabric are integrated by fusion at a temperature lower than cross linking temperature of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.    USE - Cover for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - With the use of resin film and glass non-woven fabric mechanical strength of the cover is increased and it is made of waterproof. Hence excellent flame retardance and handling property of solar battery with lightweight is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transparent resin film (2)    Non-woven fabric (3)    Copolymerized bonding resin film (4)
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte film reinforcement base material comprises porous sheet comprising aramid resin. The porous sheet is coated with fluororesin.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte film reinforcement base material has excellent mechanical strength, heat-resistance and proton conductivity. Proton conductivity polymeric electrolytic film reinforced with the base material and fuel cell containing the reinforced film, has improved oxidation-resistance, acid-resistance, and hydrolysis-resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polymeric electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - A proton-conducting membrane comprises an organic material (A), three-dimensionally cross-linked structure (B) containing a specific metal-oxygen bond, agent (C) for imparting proton conductivity and water (D). (A) has a number average molecular weight of 56 - 30,000 and at least 4C connected in series in the main chain. (A) and (B) are bound to each other via a covalent bond.    USE - The membrane is used in fuel cell (claimed) e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cells, chemical sensors and ion-exchanging membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane provides excellent resistance to heat and durability, showing excellent proton conductivity at high temperature than the conventional ones, adequate softness for good handiness and easiness of making the MEAs (membrane-electrode assemblies).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (I) preparation of proton-conducting membrane involves:    (i) preparing a reaction system containing a mixture of (A), hydrolyzable inorganic compound which forms (B) and (C);    (ii) forming the reaction system into a film; and    (iii) sol-gel reaction of the film in the presence of water vapor or liquid water (D) or vapor or liquid of an alcohol having a carbon number of 4 or less to form (B) by the metal-oxygen bond in the film; and    (II) a fuel cell comprising the proton-conducting membrane.
NOVELTY - Non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a fluorine-containing conducting salt, an organic solvent and an organic isocyanate in an amount effective for the reduction of the water content of the electrolyte.    USE - Used as a component of a lithium ion battery or a superconductor.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte is stable against protic impurities.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and the above electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a reforming unit (2) for the production of a hydrogen-rich gas mixture by reforming a compound containing hydrogen; a fuel cell for the production of an electromotive force by a reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen; and a hydrogen separating unit (3) between the reforming unit and the fuel cell comprising a hydrogen-permeable device for obtaining a fuel gas by separating the hydrogen gas from the gas mixture.    USE - For producing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Lowering of the degree of the energy conversion is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for an electric car; and a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.    reforming unit (2)    hydrogen separating unit (3)
NOVELTY - A mean particle size of a porous organic polymer particles is reduced by forming an aqueous particle slurry of water and organic polymer particles. The water is present in the internal pores of the particles to provide resistance to compressibility and to form a slurry. The aqueous slurry is subjected to cutting action to reduce and recover the mean particle size of the polymer particles.    USE - For reducing mean particle size of porous organic polymer as additives to active material or separator for lead acid batteries and as a starting material for the production of additives having functional release agents.    ADVANTAGE - The process achieves size reduction at relatively short residence times, i.e., the porous organic polymers are in contact with the cutting surfaces less than 5 seconds, preferably less than 1 second. It can produce non-spherical porous polymer particles of reduced average mean size having varying length to width to height ratios, i.e., the particles can be elongated and non-spherical.
NOVELTY - The gel polymer solid electrolyte is formed from three-dimensional network polymer with internal plasticization chain, inorganic lithium salt and polar small molecular plasticizer. The three-dimensional network polymer, crosslinking agent, inorganic lithium salt and polar small-molecular plasticizer are mixed in a mixing ratio of (parts by weight) 1:0.2:0.24-0.72:0.5-2.0, and dissolved with anhydrous THF, then under the action of catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate the above-mentioned materials are reacted with stirring 75-95 deg.C to obtain polymer solid electrolyte. It can be once film-formed, and possesses high room-temp. ion conductivity, can be used as electrolyte material in lithium ion secondary cell.
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to a negative carbon material of lithium ion cell. It is made up by covering natural graphite powder surface with a layer of epoxy resin pyrolytic carbon, and its preparation method includes the following steps: dissolving liquid epoxy resin in anhydrous ethanol or acetone solvent, adding natural graphite powder to form paste-like mixture; adding ethanol solution of ethylenediamine, heating and solidifying, and pyrolytic treatment to obtain invented negative carbon material of lithium ion cell. Said invented product is high in quality, low in cost, possesses high specific capacity and excellent circulating reversible property, and easy to implement industrial production.
NOVELTY - A high-energy battery of solid polymer features that its electrolyte is prepared from powdered inorganic chemical mixture, conducting polymer solvent and ion-conducting ceramic, and its electrode is made of microporous inertial material and high-molecular material. Its advantages are higher energy density, longer charge-discharge life and low cost. Its can be used for electric vehicles.
NOVELTY - Ion-conductive polymer compound (PC) has at least one boron atom in a polymer skeleton.    USE - The electrolyte is used in the production of batteries used for videos, cameras, personal computers, portable telephones etc.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has a heightened transport number with respect to carrier charge ions. Battery is obtained which has high voltage and high capacity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a polymer electrolyte using at least one ion-conductive polymer compound;    (2) an electrical device formed using the polymer electrolyte; and    (3) a battery where a positive electrode and a negative electrode are connected via a polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Protection sheet for solar battery module comprises a laminate in which a weather-resistant polyester resin layer and a cyclic polyolefin resin layer are laminated.    USE - The sheet is used for protecting solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The sheet has excellent strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind resistance, hail resistance, chemical resistance etc. Degradation is suppressed for a long time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery module where a filler layer, a solar battery element using a photoelectromotive force element, a filler layer and the back surface protective sheet are laminated in order on at least one surface of the front surface protective sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a cross-section of the laminate.    Protection Sheet (A)    Polyester Resin Layer (1)    Cyclic Polyolefin Resin Layer (2)    Multilayer Body (3)
NOVELTY - The protection sheet (A) is a laminate comprising a backing layer (1) and a cyclic polyolefin type resin layer (2) which have weather-resistance property. An inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (4) is formed on any one surface of the laminate.    USE - As back side protection sheet for solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The protection sheet has excellent strength, weather-resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light and chemical resistance, durability and stain-repellent property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of protective sheet.    Backing layer (1)    Resin layer (2)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (4)    Protection sheet (A)
NOVELTY - The unit cell comprises a solid polymer film (11) provided on both sides with electrodes (13,15) having concavo-convex shaped grooves (12,14) for passing gases on outer surface. Separators (16,17) are provided on outer surface of electrodes.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The unit cell is inexpensive and lightweight. Gas passageways are formed easily on electrode surface by printing a resin and baking to form a concavo-convex layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional drawing of unit cell for fuel cells.    solid polymer film (11)    grooves (12,14)    electrodes (13,15)    separators (16,17)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic composition contains a crosslinking polymer obtained by reacting a specified compound with a nitrogen-containing high-molecular compound.    USE - The electrolytic composition is used for the opto-electric conversion element used for the opto-electrochemical battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolytic composition has good durability and charge transportation. The opto-electric conversion element and the opto-electrochemical battery have good opto-electric conversion characteristics and less aged deterioration in their characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolytic composition contains a crosslinking polymer obtained by reacting a compound of formula (XCH2Q)sY (I) with a nitrogen-containing high-molecular compound.    X = leaving group;    Q = arylene, or divalent linkage group having hetero-atom;    Y = s-valent linkage group;    s = 2-4.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for:    (1) an opto-electric conversion element having a conductive layer, a photosensitive layer, a charge-transfer layer containing the electrolytic composition, and a counter electrode; and    (2) an opto-electrochemical battery consisting of the opto-electric conversion element.
NOVELTY - The twin plate (2) of the battery is made by plastics resin and carbon mix. The plastics resin framework (1) is bonded to the periphery of twin plate by welding with a solvent.    USE - For redox flow battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since a solvent is used for welding, the bad effect due to the acid entering the adhesive is eliminated. The difference in both thermal expansion coefficient is restrained by using a resin for both and rupture of the frame due to thermal expansion is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the carbon board.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of the cell frame of redox flow battery.    Framework (1)    Twin plate (2)
NOVELTY - A rechargeable, electrochemical cell (3) comprises a graphite anode (11), a cathode (13) capable of reversibly intercalating lithium, and an electrolyte solution (9). The electrolyte solution contains polyamine chelating agent and a lithium salt. The chelating agent has a concentration greater than or equal to the concentration of lithium ion.    USE - As secondary lithium-ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The lithium ion rechargeable cell is inexpensive and has high energy and reduced irreversible capacity loss. Prevention or reduction of co-intercalation of electrolyte solvent into the carbonaceous electrode eliminates or reduces undesirable exfoliation of the carbonaceous electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of lithium ion electrochemical cell.    Electrochemical cell (3)    Electrolyte solution (9)    Anode (11)    Cathode (13)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte (70) comprises a mixture of base polymer, a metal salt, inorganic filler, and an ionic conducting material.    USE - For electrochemical cells and batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides improved energy density, power density, higher capacity utilization, higher cycle life, greater charge-discharge efficiencies, lower polarization, lower self-discharge, wider operating temperature range, and greater safety and reliability. It can be produced at high speed, lower cost and with improved flexibility and conformability than conventional lithium rechargeable batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid polymer electrolyte comprises a mixture of a base polymer material containing ionically conductive polymer(s) and having an initial conductivity of at least 1x10-5 S/cm at 25degreesC when combined with a metal salt; a metal salt; an inorganic filler having an average particle size less than 0.05 microns in diameter and a surface area of at least approximately 100 m2/g; and an ionic conducting material having an average particle size less than 0.1 microns in diameter and an initial ionic conductivity of at least 2x10-3 S/cm at 25degreesC. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making a solid polymer electrolyte comprising mixing the inventive electrolyte composition with optionally liquid organic solvent and curing agent; optionally maintaining the temperature of the mixture at the melting point of the base polymer material; forming the mixture into the electrolyte; optionally evaporating the liquid organic solvent; and optionally curing the solid polymer electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the combined cathode, anode and electrolyte components and a metallized end spray.    Solid polymer electrolyte (70)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module comprises a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer. The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic module has an excellent environmental resistance through the use of the back cover film having a high adhesive strength with the encapsulant resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photovoltaic module comprises: a transparent substrate; solar cells formed on the back surface of the transparent substrate; an encapsulant resin for sealing the solar cells; and a back cover film formed on the back surface of the encapsulant resin. The back cover film (7) comprises at least a multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film (71) and an amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer (72). The heat seal layer is formed on a surface of the supporting film and is positioned to face the encapsulant resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a back cover film used in the photovoltaic module.    Back cover film (7)    Multi-layered film of a polyethylene terephthalate-based supporting film (71)    Amorphous polyester-based heat seal layer (72)
NOVELTY - The solid high molecular form fuel cell has a solid polymer electrolyte film with amount of oxygen permeation of at least 1x10-4 cm3/cm2s. Anode catalyst layers (2a,2b) having 1-30 micron layer contact the solid polymer electrolyte layer and contains platinum catalyst or platinum-ruthenium catalyst containing 60% or more of platinum.    USE - As electric power unit for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide poisoning of platinum is inhibited by permeation of oxygen from cathode side. The fuel cell exhibits high output characteristics and has excellent durability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of solid high molecular form fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode catalyst layers (2a,2b)
NOVELTY - A composition for gel contains a vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer formed by copolymerizing 1-15 percent by weight of a tetrafluoroethylene, and an organic solvent capable of dissolving a lithium ion.    USE - The composition is used for the gel for use in a gel polymer electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The composition increases the holding capacity of an organic electrolytic solution with degree of swelling decreasing. Decreasing degree of deterioration in a resin to 2% or less prevents the organic electrolytic solution from bleeding and improves strength.
NOVELTY - A gel composition contains a vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer formed by copolymerizing a chlorotrifluoroethylene, 1-7 percent by weight, and an organic solvent capable of dissolving a lithium salt.    USE - The gel composition is used for the lithium ion secondary battery using the gel polymer electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - The gel composition increases the holding capacity of the organic electrolytic solution to enhance low-temperature characteristics with degree of swelling caused by the organic electrolytic solution decreasing. A deterioration in a resin is decreased to 2% or less. The result prevents the organic electrolytic solution from bleeding, and improves strength.
NOVELTY - The membrane polymer is selected from polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, PVC, polyvinyl sulfone, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride or mixtures with ceramic materials selected from oxide(s) of aluminum, silicon, titanium and zirconium.    USE - For batteries including secondary lithium batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Electrolyte has improved stability and lithium ion conductivity.
NOVELTY - A battery (1) comprises an anode (3), a cathode (4) and an electrolyte arranged in a bottomed tubular battery case. An opening in the battery case is sealed by a battery lid having a degassing hole (14). The degassing hole is covered by a sheathing member (15).    USE - As alkaline battery (claimed) for electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - The sheathing member prevents the leakage of electrolytic solution through degassing hole. Therefore, the tubular battery has high operational reliability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of cylindrically-shaped battery.    Battery (1)    Anode (3)    Cathode (4)    Degassing hole (14)    Sheathing member (15)
NOVELTY - An EPM or EPDM elastomer composition (I) containing a thermally conductive component and useful for the production of tubing for solar collectors and heat exchanges comprises: (A) 50-100 pts. wt. rubber; (B) 50-150 pts.wt. thermally conductive material; (C) 5-40 pts.wt. carbon black pigment; (D) 2-15 pts. wt. calcium oxide; (E) 4-15 pts.wt. peroxide cross-linking agent; and (F) 1-15 pts.wt. activator.    USE - The EPM or EPDM elastomer (I) is useful for the production of tubing for solar collectors and heat exchangers.    ADVANTAGE - The elastomer (I) is extrudable and has an improved thermal conductivity of greater than 1 W/mK.
NOVELTY - The direct vent system battery has a film-like package (1) in which thermo-bonding tube (3) projecting from outer side edge portion is sealed by heat sealing portion of package circumferential part (2).    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The battery is reliably sealed and hence, moisture absorption of electrolyte and volatilization of solvent can be restrained. The battery can be produced easily in high yield. The battery can be used safely and slippage during handling can be prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows external view of direct vent system battery.    Film-like package (1)    Circumferential part (2)    Thermo-bonding tube (3)
NOVELTY - The solid high molecular form fuel cell comprises carbon powder and solid polymer electrolyte material of proton conductivity. The electrode part electricity generation site contains catalyst and water repellent agent. The water repellent agent is a compound which has silicon atom, oxygen atom and hydrophobic substituent.    USE - As electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Post processing such as heating are not required. Water repellency of electrodes is enhanced. Even under hot and humid conditions during electricity generation, water repellency of electrode is maintained.
NOVELTY - An ionic conductive polymer is formed by cooling and forming a molten mixture of a polymer having carbonyl groups in the main chain part of repeating unit and a polyvinylidene fluoride-type polymer into a film, and causing a solution obtained by dissolving ionically dissociated salts of group I or II metals in organic solvents to be contained in the film.    USE - The polymer composition is used for polymer cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer composition has high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of ionic conductive polymer composition containing 1-40 wt. % of (A) polymer having carbonyl groups in the main chain part of repeating unit, 20-70 wt. % of (B) polyvinylidene fluoride-type polymer, 1-50 wt. % of (C) ionically dissociated salts of group I or II metals, and 20-85 wt. % of (D) organic solvents capable of ionically dissociating the metal salts comprises:    (1) cooling and forming a molten mixture of (A) and (B) into a film; and    (2) causing a solution obtained by dissolving (C) in (D) to be contained in the film.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) production of the ionic conductive polymer composition comprising the steps of:    (1) mixing (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) volatile solvents to prepare a mixed solution;    (2) coating the solution on the surface of solids to form coat film; and    (3) volatilizing the solvents from the coat film; and    (ii) a polymer cell containing anodes, cathodes and polymer electrolyte positioned between them and consisting of the ionic conductive polymer composition
NOVELTY - A thin photoelectric conversion laminate is formed on electrode layer (4) arranged on substrate (1). The laminate isolated from electrode layer (6) is separated by insulating film (13) in the groove to form several blocks. An electroconductive film (7) covers each block arranged adjoining connection holes and blocks are connected serially with electrode layer through connection electrodes.    USE - For solar battery e.g. crystal silicon group solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies manufacture as crystal silicon is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for integrated photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view explaining manufacturing process of integrated photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Electrode layer (4)    Electrode layer (6)    Electroconductive film (7)    Insulating film (13)
NOVELTY - A linear illumination unit (30) comprises light emitting diodes mounted on a housing in linear direction, and lens mounted to focus emitted light. The light emitting diodes (31) have viewing angle in excess of 60degrees, thus spreading light from diodes to lens and allowing the lens to spread in linear direction and limit spread in orthogonal direction to linear direction.    USE - The inventive unit is for use in web applications useful in inspecting items e.g., surfaces of ceramic tiles, print media, electronic components on printed circuit boards (PCBs), paper, and pharmaceutical packaging. It can also be useful for sorting or grading fruits and vegetables. It can also be useful as scanners.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive unit provides excellent uniformity and brightness along the length of the line. The units may be assembled in a manner to give excellent versatility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a linear illumination system comprising heat sink and linear illumination units mounted end-to-end in linear direction on heat sink.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a diagrammatic front view of the operation of the inventive unit, transverse to the direction of web's motion.    Linear illumination unit (30)    Light emitting diodes (31)    Fresnel lens (33)    Housing (34)
NOVELTY - The gas-impermeable carbon plate having partial or fuel gas-impermeable property is obtained, by impregnating a polymeric material on the carbon plate by pressure reduced ultrasonic wave impregnation method and hardening the impregnated material into a predetermined shape.    USE - For use in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The gas-impermeable carbon plate is thin-shaped and lightweight, and has high gas-impermeability and high electrical output. The carbon plate is effectively impregnated with the polymeric material in less period. The impregnated carbon plate is ecofriendly and has high industrial applicability.
NOVELTY - Metal plate has heat-shrinking rate of 0-2% at 200 degrees C. Reduction in mass% of the heat resistance adhesive layer placed between heat resistant-resin-films at 200 degrees C for 5 hours is less than 2% and moisture absorption when left for 24 hours at 50 degrees C and at humidity of 75% is 1-2%. A heat resistance resin film is formed on corrugated rough surface having pitch of 5-150 microns and height of 0.3 or more.    USE - For amorphous silicon thin-film solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has sufficient electric insulation, closing-light effect, strength, workability and can withstand at high temperature during semiconductor film formation and hence electricity generating efficiency of the substrate is improved.
NOVELTY - A heat exchanger for cooling a circulating water of a fuel cell comprises an aluminum structure having an inner surface defining an inner space; and a resin coating layer formed on the inner surface and contacting with the circulating water when circulating water flows through the inner space.    USE - For cooling a circulating water of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By the use the aluminum structure, the resulting heat exchanger is light in weight and smaller in size, thus decreasing the production cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for producing a heat exchanger comprising (i) providing a core portion of the heat exchanger comprising aluminum tubes and corrugated fins, (ii) assembling the core portion and an aluminum tank, and (iii) coating an inner surface of the brazed assembly with a resin coating layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the inventive heat exchanger.    Tubes (19)    Corrugated fins (21)    Core portion (23)    Resin coating layer (25)
NOVELTY - Each electrode of the fuel cell has a catalyst layer in contact with a hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolytic film and a gas-diffusing layer provided on the catalyst layer.    USE - Production of a polymer electrolytic fuel cell where the hydrogen ion conductivity in the catalyst layer is varied in the direction of the thickness of the catalyst layer.    ADVANTAGE - Smooth migration of hydrogen ions and electrons in the catalyst layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In order to smooth the migration of hydrogen ions and electrons in the catalyst layer, it is effective to vary the mixture ratio of the catalyst particles to the hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolyte in the direction of the thickness of the catalyst layer. However conventionally, it is very difficult practically to vary stepwise the structure of the catalyst layer by screen printing or by transfer. According to the invention, catalyst-layer-forming inks, with different mixture ratios of catalyst particles to the hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolyte, are applied to the gas-diffusing layer and the hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolytic film.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell is formed by arranging a film-electrode joined body (I) by laminating a polymer electrolyte film, catalyst layer and a reaction electrode layer between a pair of electrodes, and laminating a number of unit cells. Gaskets are adhered to the inner surfaces of the separators or outer surfaces of the gasket surfaces to ensure the required sealability.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Drying is prevented by steam heat generation in the polymer electrolyte. A stabilized electricity generation effect is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell is formed by arranging a film-electrode joined body (I) by laminating a polymer electrolyte film, catalyst layer and a reaction electrode layer between a pair of electrodes, and laminating a number of unit cells. (I) has a predetermined thickness, and a spacer sheet is sandwiched from both sides between a pair of elastic resin gasket sheets opposed to each other, and held. Gaskets made of a rubber cured material are formed integrally on the outer surfaces of the gasket sheets or inner surfaces of the separators. The gaskets are adhered to the inner surfaces of the separators or outer surfaces of the gasket surfaces to ensure the required sealability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the unit cell of the fuel cell.    Unit Cell (1)    Separators (2, 3)    Inner Surfaces (2a, 3a)    Reaction Electrode Layer (4, 4')    Polymer Electrolyte (5)    Member in Electrolyte (5')    Spacer Sheet (5a)    Gasket Sheets (6, 7)    Sandwiched Parts (6', 7')    Gaskets (8, 9)
NOVELTY - A polymer composition comprising a polynorbornene backbone and a cyclotriphosphazene pendant group is new.    USE - The phospahzine compounds are useful as elastomers(claimed), optical materials, electrically conductive materials, biomedical materials, compatibilizing agents, surfactants, additives for coatings, flame retardants(claimed) and a battery material(claimed) due to its ionic conductivity.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer composition retains the cyclic structure of the cyclophosphazene molecules.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer composition comprising a polynorbornene backbone and a cyclotriphosphazene pendant group, of formula (I):    R1 = 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C haloalkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, aryl, alkylcarboxylatophenyl, -(CH2CH2OCH2CH2)nOCH3 n is a positive integer, aminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, phenoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl and amidoalkyl    R2 to R9 each = H, CH3, halo group, 2-6C alkyl, 3-6 cycloalkyl, 2-6C alkoxy, phenoxy, aryloxy.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for a method of preparing the polynorbornene with pendant cyclotriphosphazene, an article of manufacture using the polymer composition above and use of these articles.
NOVELTY - Fabrication of a component or component feature for an electrochemical apparatus involves providing a printing medium comprising a rapid curable polymer containing carrier and powder of a component material precursor, printing a uniform layer of the printing medium pattern on a substrate, and rapidly curing the curable polymer to form a cured part.    USE - For fabricating component or component fine feature for an electrochemical apparatus, e.g. multilayer cell of a solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process allows rapid fabrication. It includes graded properties, e.g. composition, morphology, and geometry into the electrochemical device components without increasing fabrication complexity or cost. It increases performance and lowers back pressure.
NOVELTY - The package structure for battery (4) has laminate materials (1,2) formed by providing polymeric layers (1b,2b) on one side of aluminum foils (1a,2a). The foils in the laminate materials are piled by fusing, and forms a fusion part (8). The laminate material acts as an outer cladding for electrolyte and the battery is sealed in the package.    USE - Packaging battery.    ADVANTAGE - The reliability of battery is maintained even it is preserved for long period of time or under severe conditions. Permeation of water into the battery is effectively prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacture of battery; and    (b) battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of fused part. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Aluminum laminate materials (1,2)    Aluminum foils (1a,2a)    Polymeric layers (1b,2b)    Battery (4)    Fusion part (8)
NOVELTY - The electricity generation element is airtightly packaged using a resin film (6) and a metallic foil package (7). The positive electrode (1) of the electricity generation element and the negative plate (2) are electrically connected.    USE - Portable electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Reliability, durability, recycle compatibility and industrial value of the battery are improved. The battery is obtained economically. Weight of the battery is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of the direct vent system battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Negative plate (2)    Resin film (6)    Metallic foil package (7)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric conversion element is formed by laying up an electrode layer, a first optoelectric conversion layer, an conductive layer, and a counter electrode layer in that order. The conductive layer consists of an organic polysilane.    USE - The method produces the optoelectric conversion element used for the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the organic polysilane for the conductive layer exhibits high mechanical strength and eliminates the need for an electrolytic solution. The resulting optoelectric conversion element has no liquid leakage, and has long-term stability and high reliability.
NOVELTY - Polyalkylene oxide composition includes macromolecular fine particles having a carboxylic acid alkaline metal salt on their surfaces, and a polyalkylene oxide.    USE - Polyalkylene oxide composition is useful for producing members for secondary electric cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polyalkylene oxide composition produces ion-conductive solid electrolyte members having high cation-transfer factor because of anions fixed at the surfaces of the fine particles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The number average particle diameter of the macromolecular fine particles is 0.01 to 1 microm, preferably 0.03 to 0.8 micronsm.
NOVELTY - The battery is located in a container (2) made of insulating material having at least one wall, and has contact elements for connecting the battery to an external application input. The contact elements are grouped and separated by partitions (10) made of insulating material and form a single terminal. The partitions (10) and the wall are made as an integrated unit.    USE - Electrical energy supply.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has low manufacturing cost and is precisely matched with the needs of the user. More reliable sealing of the battery is provided in the event of immersion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical battery located in a container (2) made of insulating material comprising at least one wall having a sealed socket terminal for connection to an external application input. The sealed socket terminal comprises a body (4) made of insulating material having holes and forming an integrated unit with the wall, and partially hollow tubular contact elements of diameter at most 2.9 mm. The contact elements are placed in the holes. Sealing between the body and the elements is ensured by resin.    The contact elements have an external annular shoulder.    Sealing of the terminal link to a connecter joined to the application input is ensured by a joint that externally surrounds the terminal and on which the connector is supported.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for a method of fabricating the battery, in which the wall and the body are made at the same time by molding, preferably injection molding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the container of the battery according to the invention.    Container of battery (2)    Terminal body (4)    Groove for receiving sealing joint (5)    Holes (9)    Insulating partitions (10)
NOVELTY - At least one of the first separator and the second separator comprises a metal base material and a conductive resin layer provided on the metal base material and contacting to the electrolyte-electrode assembly. The conductive resin layer comprises a resin having water repelling and basic groups and conductive particulate material.    USE - The fuel cell is used as a generator for domestic co-generator systems and moving bodies.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive separator has a strong corrosion resistance against long-time exposure to high humidity gas and contact resistance with the electrolyte-electrode assembly is not increased. Manufacture costs are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an electrolyte-electrode assembly comprising a polymer electrolyte film and a pair of gas diffusion electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte film, a first conductive separator which has a gas flow path for supplying oxidising gas to one side of a pair of gas diffusion electrodes, and a second conductive separator having a gas flow path for supplying fuel gas to the other side of a pair of gas diffusion electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the contact member of the separator and gas diffusion electrode.    Stainless Steel Plate (1)    Conductive Resin Layer (2)    Conductive Particles (3)    Carbon Paper of Gas Diffusion Electrode (4)    Carbon Fibres (5)    Interface of Carbon paper and Resin Layer (6)    Water (7)    Pinholes (8)
NOVELTY - A gel composition contains a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene copolymer formed by copolymerizing 1-6 wt.% of a hexafluoropropene, and an organic solvent capable of dissolving lithium ions.    USE - The gel composition is used in a gel polymer electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The composition increases the holding capacity of an organic electrolytic solution with a decreasing degree of swelling. Decreasing degree of deterioration in a resin to 2% or less prevents the organic electrolytic solution from bleeding and improves strength.
NOVELTY - A secondary cell equipped with a cathode and anode through which charge and discharge can be carried out and non-aqueous electrolytic solution which contains solvent(s) of ester, amine, nitrile, amide, sulfur and chained ether system and organic Mg compound containing halogen.    USE - Used as secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - This method is able to manufacture secondary cells with high energy density and with excellent cycle characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A secondary cell equipped with a cathode and an anode through which charge and discharge can be carried out and non aqueous electrolytic solution, which containing at least one solvent of ester system, amine system, nitrile system, amide system, sulfur system, and chained ether system and organic Mg compound containing halogen.    The organic Mg compound is expressed as RMgX, where (R) is an aliphatic hydro-carbon group or an aromatic hydro-carbon group and (X) is a halogen atom of F, Cl, Br, or I.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross section of a secondary cell.    Cathode (1)    Casing (2)    Separator (3)    Anode (4)
NOVELTY - A heater block (32) is moved along side of a paper winding shaft (21) over which a core pipe (103) is mounted, so that portion of strip-shaped elongate bodies (13,15,17,19) are piled up mutually over the core pipe.    USE -   For winding non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery to paper winding shaft.    ADVANTAGE -   Enables automation of winding apparatus without causing increase in number of processes, number of components and complication of component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of principal component of winding. (13,15,17,19) Elongate bodies; (21) Paper winding shaft; (32) Heater block; (103) Core pipe.
(KR2000075082-A)   NOVELTY - A case (30) comprises: (i) first polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer (310) as innermost layer of the case; (ii) aluminum foil layer (330); (iii) second PTFE layer interposed between and adhering the first PTFE layer including acid and plasticizer, and formed from aqueous emulsion oxidized to cause corrosive reaction with aluminum foil; and (iv) nylon layer (340) on the aluminum foil layer as outermost layer of the case.    USE - For secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention has improved structure for improving the battery performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Case comprises:    (i) first polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer as innermost layer of the case;    (ii) aluminum foil layer;    (iii) second PTFE layer interposed between and adhering the first PTFE layer including acid and plasticizer, and formed from aqueous emulsion oxidized to cause corrosive reaction with aluminum foil; and    (iv) nylon layer on the aluminum foil layer as outermost layer of the case.    The battery unit includes positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode, laminated in sequence, accommodated, and sealed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-sectional view partially illustrating a case of a secondary battery.    Case (30)    PTFE layer (310)    Aluminum foil layer (330)    Nylon layer (340)
NOVELTY - A photodetector (104) of optical detection unit is integrated in the shape of an array via a polyimide insulating layer (103) on an electronic circuit (102) which is formed on Si substrate (101). The electronic circuit comprises a charge coupled device (CCD) and a component which reads out the output of each photodetector of the optical detection unit.    USE -   In image sensor used for converting two-dimensional optical information to electron information.    ADVANTAGE -   Since optical detection unit is integrated in the shape of an array. The area share of optical detection unit materializes a high sensitive image sensor which can be operated at a wavelength of 1000 nm or more near infrared region. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the image sensor. (101) Si substrate; (102) Electronic circuit; (103) Polyimide insulating layer; (104) Photodetector.
NOVELTY - A flexible electrode consists of binder and active material which occludes and ejects ion. The binder is a soft fluororesin containing -CH2-CF2- and -CFCl-CF2 as monomer units. The binder is obtained by electrochemical graft copolymerization of crystalline fluororesin into fluororubber.    USE - For electrochemical element (claimed) e.g. lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode has high performance, workability and flexibility. The manufacture of electrode of any shape is enabled. Since the electrode is adhered to porous substance, slippage of electrode is prevented. The electrode is compact, therefore two or more batteries can be connected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electrochemical element which consists of porous substance holding an ion electroconductive substance pinched between flexible electrode.
NOVELTY - Welding unit (31) is provided to weld bag-like-sheet which houses the battery. Suction nozzle (22) is provided in opening of the bag-like-sheet. Suction unit is provided to suck air from the bag-like-sheet, via the suction nozzle.    USE - For vacuum packing of polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - Vacuum is created in the bag-like-sheet in a very short time and hence productivity of polymer battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the vacuum packing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow diagram of the vacuum packing system. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Suction nozzle (22)    Welding unit (31)
NOVELTY - The weather-resistant colored film is formed by integrally laminating a weather-resistant transparent resin film (11) and colored ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin layer (12).    USE - For use in solar batteries installed on buildings and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery installed on buildings or motor vehicles, does not impair the look of installed places. The film is weather-resistant and provides colored solar batteries with improved design.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows sectional drawing of weather-resistant colored film provided on solar cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text.)    weather-resistant transparent resin film (11)    resin layer (12)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a board (1) with fluid path (11) to supply fuel, air and coolant through the cell. The fluid paths are arranged in adjacent and opposite direction so that the inlet (12) and discharge port (13) are alternately fixed.    USE - As fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature distribution of the fuel is made uniformly. Internal resistance of the battery and current density are uniformly distributed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational view of fluid path board.    Fluid path board (1)    Fluid path (11)    Inlet (12)    Discharge port (13)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell is equipped with circulation unit for coolant. The coolant route (10) facing the cell formed on a coolant route board (1), is divided into several areas (11-13). A coolant inlet (131) is formed on one end and a coolant discharge port (132) is formed on other end of each area of divided coolant route.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature pattern of the gradient differs in every area of the coolant route. Dryness of the fuel electrode and air pole are restrained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational drawing of the coolant route board.    Coolant route board (1)    Coolant route (10)    Areas (11-13)    Coolant inlet (131)    Coolant discharge port (132)
NOVELTY - A coating film (32) containing sequential layers of an active material layer and a gel polymer layer, is formed on a collector (31). A terminal installation part is formed by peeling and removing the coating film from the collector. An adaptor (22) which has an identical shape as that of the terminal installation part, is provided on a peelable sheet (21).    USE - For portable electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Electrode plate containing electrode of high volume, is manufactured efficiently. Peeling removal of coating film is performed at high velocity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the peeling apparatus (10) of the polymer battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of the principal part of the peeling apparatus.    Peeling apparatus (10)    Peelable sheet (21)    Adaptor (22)    Collector (31)    Coating film (32)
NOVELTY - A plastic sheet-like thermal fuse which has several plastic sheets equal to the inner wall of the battery case, is inserted into the case such that the fuse faces the projection terminal edge surface of the battery.    USE - For portable electrical and electronic equipment.    ADVANTAGE - A fuse element can be maintained stably and the thermal fuse can be inserted easily into the battery case. The thermal fuse can be fitted easily and safely, in a fixed position. Connection between the thermal fuse and the electrode, is reliable. Variation in the thermal sensitive characteristics of the fuse, is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the sheet-like thermal fuse.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte contains polyalkylene ether derivative substituted to aliphatic or aromatic system.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte such as lithium secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The physical properties such as mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solid polymer electrolyte contains polyalkylene ether derivative of formula (I) substituted to aliphatic or aromatic system of formula (II).    A = oxygen, carboxylate or 1-4C alkylene;    R = alicyclic or aromatic compound such as cyclohexane, benzene, triazine, trioxane and isocyanurate;    R1, R2, R3 = 1-10C hydrocarbon;    R4, R5, R6 = hydrogen or methyl group;    p, q, r = 1-20.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) The solid polymer electrolyte contains polyalkylene ether derivative substituted to aliphatic or aromatic system. The polymer electrolyte contains polyethyleneglycol repeating units of formula (III):    A = oxygen, carboxylate or 1-4C alkylene;    R = alicyclic or aromatic compound such as cyclohexane, benzene, triazine, trioxane and isocyanurate;    R7, R8 = 1-10C aliphatic hydrocarbon or aromatic group;    R9, R10, R11, R12 = hydrogen or methyl group;    p, q, r = 0-20;    (ii) manufacture of crosslinked solid polymer electrolyte; and    (iii) lithium polymer secondary battery.
NOVELTY - A battery has positive electrodes having an active material for the positive electrodes, negative electrodes having an active material for the negative electrodes with each negative electrode facing each positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte interposed between each positive electrode and each negative electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the phosphazene compound or the radical polymerization inhibitor provides the battery with superior cycling characteristics.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has unit cells (2) into which electrodes are arranged on both sides of solid polymer film. Cooling water is passed through a manifold (6) along the direction of lamination of unit cells. Pressure plates (3) are laminated alternately between the unit cells.    USE - For stacking solid polymeric type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The heat generation by the cell reaction is prevented as pressure plates are provided in between the unit cells. The weight of the fuel cell stack is reduced and cost of separator for fuel cells is also reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows general view of the fuel cell stack.    Unit cell (2)    Pressure plate (3)    Manifold (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel storage apparatus for electric vehicle, comprises an ion exchange resin cartridge (6) provided in a fuel container (1) which stores methanol.    USE - For electric vehicle comprising fuel cell which uses methanol as fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The corrosion of fuel container during storage of methanol (fuel), is prevented by adding a corrosion inhibitor (such as sodium silicate) to the methanol. The formic acid which is the oxidation product of methanol is removed easily using the ion exchange resin. Thus, the degradation of fuel modifier is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel storage apparatus for electric vehicle.    Fuel container (1)    Fuel supply pipe (3)    Circulation flow pipe (4)    Circulating pump (5)    Ion exchange resin cartridge (6)    Ion exchange resin column (7)    Electric conductivity sensor (8)    Control unit (9)
NOVELTY - A macromolecualr solid electrolyte comprises a vinylimidazoline polymer, a metal salt and a compound (1).    USE - The macromolecular solid electrolytes are useful for polymer batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The macromolecular solid electrolytes have high ion conductivity, flexibility and no liquid leakage, don't deteriorating materials forming an electrochemical elements and enable to make thinner and/or laminated electrochemical elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A macromolecualr solid electrolyte comprises a vinylimidazoline polymer, a metal salt and a compound of formula (1).    (NCCH2CH2)2N(CH2)nN(CH2CH2CN)2. (1)    n = 2 or high number.
NOVELTY - The solar panel (1) comprises solar cell assembly (2) comprising photovoltaic core (4) adhered to upper side of structural assembly (3) having structural material layer and thermal-insulation material layer. The solar cell comprises amorphous silicon core present between thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl acetate layers (12,13). A transparent plastic layer is present on the solar cell.    USE - For generating electrical power from solar energy, particularly for use in domestic and industrial buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The solar panels are formed at moderate cost, and are interconnectable to provide continuous access of electrical conducting material such as electrical cable. The upper surface of the solar cell assembly is provided with transparent plastic layer which is stable against weathering.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded view of solar panel.    Solar panel (1)    Solar cell assembly (2)    Structural assembly (3)    Photovoltaic core (4)    Thermoplastic material layers (12,13)
NOVELTY - An air-tight battery is contained in thermoplastic resin (TR) armored can (1) having an opening which is laser welded to TR cover material (2). A power generation element (3) is installed in can. Anode and cathode terminals (11,12) are respectively connected to anode and cathode of (3). The can and cover material has TR material having permeability and absorption to laser radiation on opposing surfaces.    USE - For portable information apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The air-tight battery is produced inexpensively. The air-tight battery is obtained without using high output laser apparatus.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An air-tight battery is contained in thermoplastic resin armoured can (1) which has an opening. An electricity generation element (3) having separator between positive electrode and negative plate, is installed in the can. A thermoplastic resin cover material (2) is joined with the opening of armored can by laser welding. The positive electrode terminal (11) and negative plate terminal (12) are electrically connected to positive electrode and negative plate of electricity generation element, respectively. An electrolyte is injected into armored can using injection hole (7). The cover and armored can material consists of thermoplastic resin material having permeability and absorption to laser radiation on opposing surfaces. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of air-tight battery which involves adhering the cover material with the opening of armored can, irradiating laser radiation in adherence portion of cover material, heating the opening edge portion of armored can and welding.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of air-tight battery.    Armored can (1)    Cover material (2)    Electricity generation element (3)    Injection hole (7)    Positive electrode terminal (11)    Negative plate terminal (12)
NOVELTY - Injection molding apparatus (1) of vertical mold, has variable type electro-magnetic relief valve provided to pipeline (10), which connects return line (4b) and tank (6) of injection cylinder (4). The relief valve simplifies the internal pressure control of metallic mold (2) cavity (2a) in the molding process of liquid silicone rubber.    USE - The apparatus is used for injection molding of shading boot with fitting for cameras and rubber gasket for carbon plate of fuel cells, using liquid silicone rubber (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Improvement in product quality and dimensional accuracy are attained. The pressure in the metallic mold cavity is controlled easily. Generation of burr in the molded product is prevented. Optimum amount of raw material is filled in molding apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of injection molding apparatus.    Injection molding apparatus (1)    Metallic mold (2)    Cavity (2a)    Injection cylinder (4)    Return line (4b)    Tank (6)    Pipe line (10)
NOVELTY - A sealed alkaline storage battery contains a polysulfonic acid or its salt of a phenol-based compound.    USE - For a sealed nickel-hydrogen storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - The polysulfonic acid or its salt of the phenol-based compound placed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode has stability in the electrolytic solution and traps a nitrogen oxide. The resulting sealed alkaline storage battery, particularly, the nickel-hydrogen storage battery depresses self-discharge and enhances shelf life characteristics.
NOVELTY - Gas diffusion electrodes (12,13) which are made by fluorinated metal fibers or non-woven fabric are formed on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte (14). One side of a gas diffusion electrode is insulated at some areas and the other side is completely covered by a specific metal. Electrolyte is infiltrated through the holes formed on the gas diffusion electrode which is supported by the elastic collector.    USE - For fuel cells, refiners and gas sensors for generating electricity, purifying gas and for detecting gas, respectively.    ADVANTAGE - Deformation of solid polymer electrolyte is prevented by metal fiber or organic fiber gas diffusion electrodes, thereby gas flow is easily performed and gas spreading is avoided by ejecting the excessive water from the reaction area. Corrosion of the metal fiber is avoided by covering the fiber with a specific metal, thereby electrochemical reaction is improved with low voltage, as contact resistance between electrolyte and electrodes is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the electrochemical device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas diffusion electrodes (12,13)    Solid polymer electrolyte (14)
NOVELTY - A high polymer solid electrolyte consists of a polymer obtained by polymerizing poly(diethylene glycol carbonate) diacrylic ester and a Group Ia metal salt.    USE - The high polymer solid electrolyte is used in a primary battery, secondary battery, capacitor, electrochromic display element or medical actuator.    ADVANTAGE - The high polymer solid electrolyte uses the poly(diethylene glycol carbonate) diacrylic ester having high polymerization. The polymerization is applied to the poly(diethylene glycol carbonate) diacrylic ester and the electrolytic salt at temperatures at which no electrolytic salt is decomposed. The results yield a high polymer solid electrolyte having high ion conductivity and chemical stability. The use of poly(diethylene glycol carbonate) diacrylic ester exhibits a high polymerization rate and allows polymerization at comparatively low temperatures. No salt is decomposed by heat even if the polymerization is carried out with the electrolytic salt dissolving. The use of the high polymer solid electrolyte evolve no liquid leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The poly(diethylene glycol carbonate) diacrylic ester of is of formula (I).    n = integer of 1-1000.
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte consists of crosslinked network polymer and inorganic lithium salt. It is prepared by mixing crosslinked network prepolymer, crosslinking agent and inorganic lithium salt in the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.24-0.72, and dissolving in anhydrous THF. The reaction is carried out at 75-95degreesC in the presence of dibutyl tin di laurate as catalyst. It may form film in a single process, has high ionic conductivity and may be used as electrolytic material in secondary lithium ion battery.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte contains solvent, fluororesin polymer and lithium salt (which swells the polymer). The polymer contains 86.0-93.0 mol% of vinylidene chloride structural unit and 7.0-14.0 mol% of monomer structural unit containing trifluoro methyl group. The transmittance of fluororesin sheet, formed at 230degreesC by fusion, of thickness 1 mm, at 650 nm, is 88% or more.    USE - For lithium ion secondary battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte in gel form has excellent stability. The electrical conductivity of the electrolyte can be maintained for long period of time.
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric electrolyte, is obtained from polyamide resin (PR) having polyoxyalkylene monoamine (PAMA) residue in side chain, non-aqueous electrolyte and alkali metal salt. PR is obtained by reacting, (A) polyamide group resin intermediate obtained by reacting diisocyanate or diamine and dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid or anhydride of tricarboxylic acid, (B) epoxy resin and (C) PAMA.    USE - The solid polymeric electrolyte is used for electrochemical device (claimed) such as lithium cells, nickel hydrogen batteries and fuel cells which are used as electric power unit for portable telephones, electric vehicles, personal computers and road leveling installations. The solid polymeric electrolyte is also used for electrochemical sensor, photoelectric chemical device such as light control material and as glass for adjusting room temperature, and recording material.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymeric electrolyte excels in ionic conductivity, mechanical strength and flexibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of solid polymeric electrolyte which involves forming polyamide resin having polyoxyalkylene monoamine residue in side chain, and swelling formed resin in non-aqueous electrolyte containing dissolved alkali metal salt.
NOVELTY - Production of a self-supporting layer or layer lying on a substrate comprises forming a pasty composition consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of an organic polymer, its precursors or pre-polymers, a plasticizer and a solvent or swelling agent, and optionally a powdered solid; converting the pasty composition into the required layer shape; vaporizing the solvent or swelling agent and solidifying. The plasticizer is dissolved out of the solidified layer and the cavities produced are filled by dipping into an electrochemically active inorganic liquid which does not dissolve the matrix.    USE - Used in the production of primary batteries, accumulators, low temperature fuel cells, solar cells and electrochemical sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The layer has good conducting properties.
NOVELTY - A polymer-ceramic composite electrolyte comprises poly(ethylene oxide), lithium tetrafluoroborate, and titanium dioxide, and has an activation energy for lithium transport of 0.5 eV.    USE - For use in rechargeable lithium batteries (claimed), electrochemical sensors, and electrochemical devices operating at low temperatures or requiring fast ionic transport.    ADVANTAGE - Exhibits moderate to high conductivity at ambient temperature and low activation energies for lithium transport, i.e. low temperature dependence of conductivity. It also exhibits very good electrode-electrolyte interfacial stability.
NOVELTY - Solar battery comprises solar cell sealed with a laminate comprising a sealing film interposed between transparent protective surface sheet and protective back sheet (10). The protective back sheet is a laminate of a resin film (11), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAc) copolymeric resin film (13) and zinc steel plate (12). Flame retardants are included in the EVAc film.    USE - Solar battery that can be used in roof constructions.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery has improved flame resistance and the adhesive property of EVAc is not affected by the inclusion of flame retardants.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) sealing film for solar batteries comprising zinc film of 1-10 mum thickness formed on steel plate of 15-100 mum thickness; and    (ii) sealing film for solar batteries comprising EVAc film of 5-600 mum thickness.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of protective back sheet used for solar batteries. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Protective back sheet (10)    Resin film (11)    Zinc steel plate (12)    EVAc resin film (13)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte consists of a matrix component containing crosslinkable polymer and electrolyte salt. The matrix component consists of urethane (meth)acrylate group compound.    USE - Electrochemical element such as secondary battery (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The generation of liquid is prevented. The solid polymer electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity and strength.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte consists of polyether polymer which is the reaction product of oxetane compound.    USE - Electrochemical device (claimed) such as lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity, workability, moldability, mechanical strength and flexibility. The electrochemical device containing the solid polymer electrolyte has good cycle characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of solid polymer electrolyte. An alkali metal salt is added to polyether polymer obtained by reacting oxetane compound with epoxy compound in presence of polymerization catalyst. The obtained solid polymer electrolyte is made to swell by a non-aqueous electrolyte.
NOVELTY - Laminate comprising surface layer adhered to a base using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, is processed by irradiating ultraviolet rays on the laminate.    USE - For processing laminates used for solar battery modules, to retrieve reusable components.    ADVANTAGE - Reusable components of solar battery modules can be easily and efficiently recovered and the method contributes towards waste reduction.
NOVELTY - Layer-structured and rock salt-structured Li-Ni system composite oxide comprises Li(v)Mg(w)Mn(x)Al(y)Ni(z)O2, where (v) is at least 0.9 and at most 1.3, (w) is at least 0.0001 and at most 0.1, (x) is at least 0.02 and at most 0.3, (y) is at least 0.01 and at most 0.3, (z) is at least 0.4 and at most 0.95, and (x) is at least (w).    USE - Cathode activating material of Li secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - Li secondary cells with high discharge capacity and with lower reduction in repeated charge/discharge cycles can be manufactured at low cost using this composite oxide.
NOVELTY - A protective sheet for a solar battery module is provided with a fluorine-based resin sheet, and a deposited thin film consisting of an inorganic oxide. A resin film is laid up on the deposited thin film.    USE - The protective sheet is used in the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The protective sheet has superior strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind blast resistance, chemical resistance, moisture proofing, antifouling, and improved durability. A long-term deterioration in its effects is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The resin film has a coating layer consisting of a resin composition with an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer as its major constituent.
NOVELTY - Anode (2) and cathode (3) arranged oppositely via a separator (4), are coated and sealed with an intermediate synthetic resin (8) interposed with a metal thin film (6). External terminals (6a,6b) are formed on the metal film. The metal thin film and electrodes are made to conduct via porous portion of the synthetic resin. The metal film is made of aluminum, titanium, copper or stainless steel.    USE - E.g. Button type lithium ion secondary battery used as backup of memory.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents peeling of films, and charge leakage, by internal pressure variation, thereby high charging quality is maintained. Since the metal film and electrodes are made to conduct via porous portion of synthetic resin, reliable bonding and conduction between them are achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of lithium ion secondary battery.    anode (2)    cathode (3)    separator (4)    metal thin film (6)    external terminals (6a,6b)    intermediate synthetic resin (8)
NOVELTY - A solar panel, comprises a transparent panel (10) with a solar cell unit (18) containing crystalline solar cells. Connectors (22) link these to a collector electrode (14). This consists of a coating applied either directly to the panel or to an intermediate coating (12) and is in contact with the connectors on the side which is turned away from the panel    USE - For use in the sun roof of a car.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for producing the panel comprising; (a) forming a collector electrode on a transparent panel by applying a hot melt adhesive layer (16) to an area which includes the electrode; (b) mounting a solar cell unit on the adhesive-coated area; (c) fitting connectors to the electrode through the gaps in the adhesive coating and connecting it to the cell unit; (d) applying a second coating of adhesive (26) over the cell unit; and (e) laminating the device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the solar panel.    Transparent panel (10)    Intermediate coating (12)    Collector electrode (14)    Layers of hot melt adhesive (16, 26)    Solar cell unit (18)    Connectors (22)
NOVELTY - Polymer solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity has silylamide bonds (Si-N-Si bonds) in the polymer structure.    USE - The electrolyte is used to produce a lithium secondary cell for uses in e.g. personal computers, portable telephones, electrical vehicles, hybrid electrical vehicles, electrical motorbikes, electrical bicycles, electrical power storage and co-generator devices for homes etc..    ADVANTAGE - The polymer solid electrolyte contains counter ions forming lithium salts with lithium ions in the polymer and has a single ion electron conducting system where lithium ions alone are mobile ions, and so has excellent conductivity. The electrolyte is easy to produce. The cell is safe and can be shaped into a variety of shapes. The cell gives a high voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a lithium secondary cell having the polymer solid electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a lithium ion secondary cell.    Anode (1)    Cathode (2)    Solid Electrolyte (3)    Top Cover (4)    Conductor (5)    Case (6)    Gasket (7)
NOVELTY - Method for determining a measured quantity comprises coating a solar cell with an indicator (I) whose fluorescence behavior and/or spectral transmission is dependent on the measured quantity and impacting the coated solar cell with the measured quantity in the presence of natural or artificial light.    USE - The method can be used to determine a physical or chemical influence, especially pH, pressure, temperature or humidity, or to determine to presence and/or concentration of a gaseous, liquid or solid substance, especially oxygen, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, metal (e.g. mercury) ions or ozone, in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, environmental technology or analysis, e.g. blood analysis.    ADVANTAGE - No electricity supply or special light source is required.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a sensor for a measured quantity, comprising a solar cell coated with (I);    (2) production of the sensor by applying a coating to a solar cell, where the coating comprises (I) or is doped with (I) after application.
NOVELTY - Method for protecting a substrate which has been treated by vacuum technology comprises coating the treated surface with an organic monomer.    USE - In semiconductor and solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - The protective coating is easy to apply and remove.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (a) a method for protecting a substrate comprising coating it with an organic monomer and partially or completely removing the coating by vacuum technology treatment; and    (b) use of one of the above processes to produce a protected wafer or solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a vacuum chamber for carrying out the process.    first coating chamber (1)    Second coating chamber (2)    Vaporisers (3, 4)    Substrate supply roller (6)    Substrate take-up roller (7)    Treatment roller (8)    Substrate (5)
NOVELTY - Several MEAs (2) are laminated on both sides of separators (3) between phase adjoining both MEAs (2). The MEA has air pole (6) and fuel electrode (7) which compress thermally stable polymer film (5) containing phosphoric acid which is used as medium of proton conduction. The separator has grooves (9,10) in the surface opposite to air pole and fuel electrode respectively for air passageways and fuel route.    USE - For mounting in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Phosphoric acid is used as medium of proton conduction which makes coolant path in a separator unnecessary, hence size reduction is attained. Since operating temperature is increased and generated heat is utilized effectively, fuel cell is suitable for vehicles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thermally stable polymer film consists of poly benzimidazole.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of the partially broken fuel cell.    MEAs (2)    Separators (3)    Polymer film (5)    Air pole (6)    Fuel electrode (7)    Grooves (9,10)
NOVELTY - A fluoropolymer having a softening point above room temperature, and a fluorine containing copolymer having reaction point and glass transition point below 40degreesC, are reacted with a crosslinking agent to form a matrix. The obtained matrix maintains an organic solvent solution of a lithium salt to form a gel electrolyte.    USE - The gel electrolyte is used for lithium ion battery (claimed), and for small-sized electronic machines, such as portable telephone, personal computer, and video camera.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer matrix has highly balanced and excellent electrolyte maintenance characteristics, mechanical strength and electric conductivity. Size and weight of various electronic machines are effectively reduced by the lithium ion battery using the gel electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium ion battery comprising the gel electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A resin partition (7) with through-hole (8) divides the battery jar to form cell chambers (3). Junction portion (10a) of the intermediate terminals (10) of electrode group are connected through the hole, which is surrounded by resin layer (11). The hardness of the layer (11) is smaller than that of partition.    USE - For monoblock battery used in vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Increases life span of connection portion by increasing sealing performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded cross-sectional view of connection structure.    Cell chambers (3)    Resin partition (7)    Through-hole (8)    Intermediate terminals (10)    Junction portion (10a)    Resin layer (11)
NOVELTY - The gel-like electrolyte contains polycarbonate type polyurethane, carbonate compound and ionized lithium compound.    USE - For secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Retention capacity of electrolyte is increased, favorable electro conductivity and high liquid maintaining properties are attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for gel-like electrolyte manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - Between a pair of electrodes (2a,2b) which consist of an electrode active material powder, a solid electrolyte powder, an electroconductive agent and a polyvinylidene fluoride, a solid electrolyte layer (3) which consists of N-methyl pyrrolidone is arranged.    USE - For lithium cell used in portable phone and notebook computer, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Electrochemical characteristics equivalent to the lithium cell using organic type electrolyte are obtained. The solvent and electrolyte salt are not used in the electrolyte. The application range of polymer electrolyte and gel electrolyte are extended.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the lithium cell.    Electrodes (2a,2b)    Solid electrolyte layer (3)
NOVELTY - The poly electrolyte support contains a laminate of polyolefin porous film formed by drawing method. The porous film is non-drawn plate with flat surface formed parallel along thickness direction in predetermined intervals. A thin fibril group is connected with the plate surface which is subjected to drawing orientation. The gap between fibrils connected to the plate surface contains uniform fine holes. The poly electrolyte support has through poles formed along the thickness direction of the film.    USE - For lithium polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electro conductivity of the support is improved and has good mechanical strength. The safety of the lithium polymer battery is improved by using the poly electrolyte support. The rate of heat shrinking during the abnormal conditions of the battery is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium secondary battery which contains poly electrolyte support.
NOVELTY - Gel-like polymer electrolyte layer (13) is arranged between an anode (11) and a cathode plate (12). At least the electrodes or the electrolyte contains polymer particle having a melting point of 80-150degreesC.    USE - For electronic machines such as portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Thermal runaway of the secondary battery is prevented without using any special circuit or mechanism.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged section of the lithium polymer secondary battery.    Anode (11)    Cathode plate (12)    Gel-like polymer electrolyte layer (13)
NOVELTY - Li secondary cells equipped with an anode and a cathode containing rock salt structured cathode activating material made of Li-Ni system composite oxides are aged at a temperature not lower than 40 degrees C and not higher than 90 degrees C.    USE - For aging Li secondary cells.    ADVANTAGE - By keeping Li secondary cells within a specific temperature range, cells with high initial discharge capacity or with excellent cycle characteristics and less fluctuation in discharge capacity can be obtained.
NOVELTY - An aprotic solvent contains a 1,3-dioxolane-2-one derivative.    USE - The aprotic solvent is used for an electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor, lithium battery, lithium ion secondary battery, supercapacity device, electrochemical device and finds its application in the electrochemical field.    ADVANTAGE - The aprotic solvent has wide potential window and electrochemical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The 1,3-dioxolane-2-one derivative is of formula (I).    R = -(OR1)nOR2 or -(OR1)nOC(O)R2;    R1 = 2-4C alkylene;    R2 = 1-22C (un)saturated straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon and/or their derivative;    n (average degree of polymerization of alkylene oxide) = 0-30.
NOVELTY - The battery pack has a flat battery cell having: (1) a flat electric power generation element, at least one armor material of e.g. aluminum laminate film for sealing the electric power generating element, and positive and negative tabs extending from the electric power generating element to the outside of the armor material through a sealing of the armor material; (2) a circuit board connected to the positive and negative tabs; (3) a container having two main walls extending along two main surfaces of the flat battery cell.    USE - For small electrical devices e.g. portable telephones and video cameras.    ADVANTAGE - The battery pack has increased reduction in size and has high energy density for driving e.g. lithium ion secondary batteries.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least a portion of the circuit board is positioned in a space defined by a sealing of the armor material beside the circuit board and the inner surface of the container. At least one of the two main walls of the container is at least partially formed of a metal plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Cross-sectional view of container together with a flat battery cell and circuit board.    metal plates (12a, 14a)    resin frames (12b, 14b)    upper case (12)    lower case (14)    battery pack (10)    circuit board (6)    insulating region lower case (14i)    space between case and sealing (8)    tabs (1a, 2a)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell contains, as an electrolyte, a cation exchange film which comprises a pefluorocarbon polymer having a sulfonic acid group and which is subjected to stretching so as to attains an area increase of 5 - 100 %.    USE - The fuel cell is suitable for use as the electricity supply for cars, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The cation exchange film is free from wrinkles caused by elongation even when used under high humidity conditions, and hence the cell gas a high output and excellent durability.
NOVELTY - Lithium secondary battery consists of anode (10), cathode (20), oxygen absorbent, and polymeric electrolyte which is thermally polymerized within battery.    USE - Portable electronic communication apparatus such as video camera, portable telephone and notebook personal computer.    ADVANTAGE - The battery prevents raise in internal impedance and is inexpensive as the need for special apparatus for controlling oxygen concentration is eliminated. The oxygen absorbent present in the battery completely absorbs oxygen and facilitates complete polymerization of polymeric material so the battery excels in charging and discharging characteristics. The polymeric electrolyte present in battery is unfluidized so drying of electrolyte in the battery by leak or solvent volatilization is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium secondary battery manufacture. The battery is filled with oxygen absorbent and polymeric material, subsequently the polymeric material is polymerized by thermal polymerization.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the lithium secondary battery.    Anode (10)    Cathode (20)
NOVELTY - Laminate has polymeric substrate with refractive index (n0). An indium-zinc-oxide conductive layer (1) with refractive index (n1) and thickness (d1) and indium-tin-oxide conductive layer (2) with refractive index (n2) and thickness (d2) are laminated in sequence. The total thickness (d1+d2) is 650-1600 Angstrom. The thickness ratio d1/d2 is 0.2-3.5 and refractive index n0 less than n2 less than n1 is 550 nm.    USE - For use as electrode plates in display devices and solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Offers lightweight and high light transmittance laminate, as the bilayer thickness, thickness ratio and their refractive indices are defined.
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte cell comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (1) interposed between anode and cathode. Each anode and cathode comprises a catalyst layer (2) which is in contact with the membrane. A water repellent layer (4) (WRL) is interposed between the catalyst layer (CL) and electrode supporting material (3) (ESM). The through-holes (5) present in the WRL electrically connects the CL and ESM.    USE - For portable power sources, distributed power sources and cogeneration systems.    ADVANTAGE - The water repellency of the electrode is improved, since a water repellent layer is provided between the catalyst layer and electrode supporting layer. Thus, the water formed in the catalyst layer is confined in the catalyst layer. Therefore even if the dry gas with relatively low humidity is supplied to the electrode, the deterioration in performance of the electrolyte in the electrolyte membrane and catalyst layer due to drying is suppressed. Polymer electrolyte cell with high performance, is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer electrolyte cell comprises an anode-side separator plate having a gas flow path to supply fuel gas to anode, and a cathode-side separate plate having a gas flow path to supply oxidant gas to the cathode. The water repellent layer has gas permeability and electron conductivity. The through-holes are distributed in the water repellent layer such that the average interval between the holes are smaller than the width of the gas flow path on separator. The electrode supporting material comprises carbon fibers which are treated for enlarging its surface area.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of membrane electrode assembly.    Polymer electrolyte membrane (1)    Catalyst layer (2)    Electrode supporting layer (3)    Water repellent layer (4)    Through-holes (5)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic module is encapsulated by pre-heating a diaphragm of an upper chamber of the module to a predetermined temperature, supplying a lamination unit to the table, and pressing and heating the unit by elastically deforming the diaphragm.    USE - For encapsulating a photovoltaic module.    ADVANTAGE - The method prevents appearance of a temperature difference between the surfaces. It is also capable of uniformly heating and laminating a lamination unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Encapsulation of a photovoltaic module comprises pre-heating a diaphragm of an upper chamber of the module to a predetermined temperature, supplying a lamination unit to the table, and pressing and heating the unit by elastically deforming the diaphragm. The module comprises a lower chamber (12) containing a table (14) with a heater (15), and the upper chamber (13) with a diaphragm (21) which is elastically deformable and arranged to open and close the lower chamber. The method is designed to laminate the lamination unit with an encapsulating material and the module mounted on the table. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a photovoltaic module comprising a substrate with front and back surfaces, a semiconductor cell on the back surface of the substrate, an encapsulating material, and a back-surface protect material joined to the encapsulating material. The back-surface protect material has a back-surface film made of synthetic resin, and a shrinkproofing sheet adhered to the back-surface film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a vacuum lamination device.    Lower chamber (12)    Upper chamber (13)    Table (14)    Heater (15)    Diaphragm (21)
NOVELTY - A cyano-tri(polyoxyethylene-terminated amido)methane compound used in dendrimer frameworks, dendrimer nanocrystallites, metallo-based (macro)molecules and fractal-like, planar organometallic arrays is new.    USE - Dendritic materials can be used in energy storage devices. Macrocycles are used in enhanced electrolyte and electrocomponents in solid state energy storage devices. Compounds can encapsulate, entrain, and stabilize metal and non-metal nanoclusters for use in electromaterials and surfaces.    ADVANTAGE - Assemblies have tunable physico-chemical properties and allow for the maximization of enhanced electrolyte capability of stackable compounds capable of energy storage and release. Compounds have a flat architecture capable of stacking, inert towards oxidizing and reducing conditions. Compounds provide improved electrolyte stability and more efficient lithium ion transport and decreased electrolyte layer thickness, resulting in greater specific energy, energy density, and battery cycle life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cyano-tri(polyoxyethylene-terminated amido)methane compound of formula NC-C-(-CH2CH2-CONH-CH2CH2CH2CH2-(-O-CH2CH2-)x)3 (I; x = an integer) is new. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for (A) a method of preparing the novel compound; (B) a method of making dendrimer frameworks; (C) an amide-containing branched amine monomer; (D) a dendrimer; (E) a dendrimer nanocrystallite; (F) a method of making metallo-based (macro)molecules; and (G) a fractal-like, planar organometallic array compound.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Fig. 1: The construction of PEG-terminated hydrocarbon-based dendrimers.
NOVELTY - An environmental compensation apparatus includes a compressible material dispersed throughout a coolant. The compressible material compensates for expansion of the coolant within a coolant channel when the coolant experiences temperatures approximately below a predetermined temperature.    USE - The apparatus is used for counterbalancing the detrimental expansion of a coolant e.g., water, within a fuel cell assembly due to harsh environmental conditions e.g., freezing temperatures.    ADVANTAGE - The incorporation of the compressible material minimizes damage to the coolant channel because the expansion of coolant due to harsh environmental conditions is compensated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An environmental compensation apparatus for an electrochemical fuel cell assembly comprises an inlet coolant manifold (23), an exhaust coolant manifold (24), and a compressible material (30) dispersed throughout a coolant. The electrochemical fuel cell assembly has an electrolyte, an anode, a cathode, anode and cathode flow field plates (17, 18), and a coolant channel (21) through which the coolant is circulated. The inlet coolant manifold is adapted for introducing the coolant into the coolant channel, and the exhaust coolant manifold is adapted for exhausting the coolant from the coolant channel. The compressible material compensates for expansion of the coolant within the coolant channel when the coolant experiences temperatures approximately below a predetermined temperature.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of providing environmental compensation for a fuel cell assembly employing the above-mentioned environmental compensation apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a coolant having dispersed compressible material.    Anode flow field plate (17)    Cathode flow field plate (18)    Coolant channel (21)    Inlet coolant manifold (23)    Exhaust coolant manifold (24)    Compressible material (30)
NOVELTY - The method is carried out by injecting conductive material binder composition into a mold cavity, forming the composition into the shape of e.g. a current collector plate and removing the plate from the mold. After molding a polymer rich surface layer (5) covers the land surfaces of the collector plate. The surface material is removed, the land areas attain a reduced height (6) but the channel walls (7) retain their polymer rich surface layers. The newly formed land areas provide filler rich concentration similar to that of the bulk of the plate. Ideally 0.015 - 0.06 cm of the molded surface is removed from the land areas by machining, grinding, sanding etc.    USE - For use as corrosion resistant structures in electronic, thermal and thermoelectric applications such as collector plates for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The conductivity is enhanced. The composite collector plate has enhanced channel surfaces, resulting in greater mechanical strength, decreased permeability and porosity, greater resistance to erosion and corrosion, and reduced resistance to flow in the channels. Larger mold cavity can be used for molding resulting in reduced mold pressure requirements. The manufacturing process is relatively low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross sectional view of an injection molded collector plate showing the molded surface layer and a portion of the land surfaces to be removed    Polymer rich surface layer (5)    Reduced height land areas (6)    Channel walls (7)
NOVELTY - A chrome layer (12) is formed on one side of metallic foil (11). A maleic anhydride denatured polypropylene film (9), is formed on the chrome layer.    USE - Outer cladding material used as cover for lithium ion secondary battery used in mobile communication device, notebook personal computer, headphone stereo, camcorder.    ADVANTAGE - Spill of sealed electrolyte is avoided, since battery is covered by outer cladding which does not peel, thereby changes caused by electrolyte spill in the electronic apparatus using secondary batteries is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for outer cladding material manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of outer cladding material.    Polypropylene film (9)    Metallic foil (11)    Chrome layer (12)
NOVELTY - An epoxy group adhesive comprises bisphenol A diglycidyl ether as main component and contains bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, tetra diglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane, hardener (dispersed in main component) comprising amine derivative with melting point between 80-180degreesC and grain diameter of 50 mum, and imidazole derivative and sulfide compound. 0.5-5 weight% of silica powder is further contained.    USE - For adhering photovoltaic film on base material for photovoltaic element formation used in watches (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive has excellent adhesion. The photovoltaic film can be fixed in short time without mechanical fixation. The processing of fixation member is unnecessary and photovoltaic element at low cost can be obtained using the adhesive. Since the member for fixation can be avoided, the thickness reduction of the photovoltaic element is achieved and watches with excellent exterior can be obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) fixing method of flexible plastic film on a rigid base material using the adhesive; (ii) manufacture of photovoltaic element which involves fixing flexible plastic film which is the photovoltaic film (11) comprising photovoltaic layer (9) formed on insulating film (7), on a rigid base material (3) through adhesive (5).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of photovoltaic element.    Base material (3)    Adhesive (5)    Insulating film (7)    Photovoltaic layer (9)    Photovoltaic film (11)
NOVELTY - Process for spatial permeation or wetting of a porous, insulating or semiconductor structure with an electron- or hole-conducting synthetic resin material comprises using a solution of the corresponding monomer in a solvent containing an added oxidant, applying this to the porous structure, evaporating the solvent after the solution has penetrated the structure and polymerizing the monomer.    USE - The process is used in the production of photovoltaic solid state cells    ADVANTAGE - The method present makes it possible to adjust the electrical conductivity of porous, electrically insulating or semiconducting materials throughout their entire volume, without significantly changing their porosity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for photovoltaic solid state cells with a structure produced in this way between 2 electrode films.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section through a photovoltaic solid state cell.
NOVELTY - An electrode for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells comprises a porous gas diffusion electrode comprising catalyst powder, ion exchanging resin, and a solvent soluble fluoro-polymer which has no ion exchanging groups and has 4-20C perfluoroalkyl groups on its side chain.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new electrode which has improved durability and water-repellent performance provides fuel cells with higher output performance and lower degradation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (I) a method of producing the electrode, which comprises impregnating a solution which contains the fluoro-polymer into a molding of catalyst powder and ion exchanging resin. In another method, a mixture of the solution, catalyst powder, and ion exchanging resin is molded.    (II) A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a pair of electrodes and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane which is sandwiched between them; at least one of the electrodes is the new electrode.
NOVELTY - An inorganic oxide content moisture-proof coating (2B) is formed on a base film (2A). An ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer film (3) is bonded to the coating (2B) for forming back-side protection plate (1). Multiple solar batteries (4) are distributed between a transparent and back-side protection plates (6,1), for forming a solar battery module (10).    USE - For back covering of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Presence of moisture-proof coating provides excellent damp proofing and endurance and an insulation. Moisture proof film prevents back covering plate from rusting, even at high damp proofing. Since plate is prevented from rusting, leakage of current is prevented, therefore reduction in capability is eliminated and efficiency is improved. Excels in durability by preventing rusting using moisture-proof film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery.    Back-side protection plate (1)    Base film (2A)    Coating (2B)    Ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer film (3)    Solar batteries (4)    Solar battery module (10)
NOVELTY - An ionically conducting molecule comprises a molecular chain that provides an ionic conductor path and a boroxine ring which is connected to the molecular chain and which traps anions. The boroxine ring preferably includes an alkoxy group and the molecular chain preferably comprises an ether chain, more preferably (-CH2-CH2-O-).    USE - Ionically conducting solid electrolyte for batteries.    ADVANTAGE - High mechanical strength and high ionic conductivity are obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (a) an ionic conductor; and    (b) a process for production of an ionic conductor.    The ionic conductor comprises:    (i) an electrolyte for ionic conduction, preferably a lithium salt;    (ii) the above ionically conducting molecule comprising a molecular chain that provides an ionic conductor path and a boroxine ring which is connected to the molecular chain and which traps anions arising from the saline electrolyte; and    (iii) a structural element for dispersion and immobilization of the ionically conducting molecule and the saline electrolyte in its body.    Preferably, the ionically conducting molecule is compatible with the structural element, and the ionic conductor is annealed.
NOVELTY - A film packed battery is produced by pre-charging the battery power source (1) while pressure is applied. The battery power source, which is packed with a heat sealable film, includes at least a cathode, anode, electrolyte, and a separator.    USE - For producing a secondary film packed battery, e.g., prismatic battery, useful in notebook computer and mobile phone.    ADVANTAGE - The packed battery has excellent stability and deformation due to charge and discharge is small even when the internal pressure is increased through use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view showing a condition where a battery source is packed with a heat sealable film.    Battery power source (1)
NOVELTY - The present invention relates to a solar heat-collecting equipment. It is a double-glazing tube-type collecting equipment containing energy-storing material. The energy-storing material in internal tube is a kind of spherical granules of phase transformation material with core-shell structure, its core is Ba(OH)2 or octacosane, and its shell is epoxy resin containing carbon black. The invention possess the high energy-storage density, low cost and excellent performance.
NOVELTY - The active negative material includes a 5-15 micron diameter graphite kernel and a polymer coating layer covering the kernel in the weight ratio of 0.1-4. After sintering treatment, the active negative material has a specific surface area of 10.3-13.3 m2/g.
NOVELTY - Electrical double layer capacitor element (5) is sealed with laminated bag. The bag has synthetic resin layer on sides of aluminum or steel foil. The synthetic resin layer contains polyethylene, polypropylene or polytetrafluoro ethylene.    USE - For charge storage device e.g. electrolytic capacitor, electrical double layered capacitor, primary battery, lithium ion secondary battery in stacked charge storage device.    ADVANTAGE - Since electrode element is sealed reliably, permeation of liquid, moisture or transpiration of electrolyte is reduced and also dead space within sealing is reduced. Thin, light weight and reliable charge storage device is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for stacked charge storage apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the electrical double layer capacitor.    capacitor element (5)
NOVELTY - A battery element (3) is inserted into cylindrical outer cladding tube (4). The rear end opening of the outer cladding tube is pressed and made flat. Airtight sealing of the inserted end opening of the tube is performed. The electrolyte is injected into the opening of the flat portion before sealing it air-tightly.    USE - For portable telephone and video camera.    ADVANTAGE - Pressure application, pressing for flat shaping and insertion avoids complicated operations, and therefore product yield is improved and cost is reduced greatly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A cylindrical shaped battery element (3) is obtained by winding a positively and negatively charged tape through a separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view explaining plate shaped polymer battery manufacturing method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Battery element (3)    Outer cladding tube (4)
NOVELTY - A surface active agent has a sulfonic amide anion group and a counter cation.    USE - The surface active agent having the sulfonic amide salt is suitably used for synthesizing emulsion-polymerized particles having the sulfonic amide salt on its surface and finds its application in a lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The emulsion-polymerized particles form the counter cation of the surface active agent to a lithium cation (Li+). The lithium cation (Li+) comes to a constituent for an ion conductor having high cation transportation value. The result allows the use of the surface active agent for the lithium ion secondary battery. In using the surface active agent for emulsion polymerization, the surface active agent remains on the surfaces of developed particles. The surface active agent introduces the anion of formula (1) into the surfaces of the particles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sulfonic amide anion group of formula -N--SO2-R1 (1) is new.    R1 = 6C or less-alkyl fluoride.
NOVELTY - A carbonaceous complex structure comprises a layered set of a substrate, a carbonaceous thin film and a fullerene thin film.    USE - The structure is used in solar cells and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - Adhesion between neighboring layers is improved so that the structure exhibits superior durability. Charge separation by photo absorption can occur so that donor-acceptor heterojunctions are formed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing the structure comprising:    (i) forming a carbonaceous thin film (C) on a substrate by thermal decomposition of an organic compound and    (ii) forming a fullerene thin film (F).
NOVELTY - A crystalline silicon based solar cell module comprises a superstrate layer containing a light transmitting safety glass; a substrate layer containing a weather-resistance polymer; a crystalline silicon based solar cell array containing crystalline silicon based solar cells; interconnects; and a hot melt adhesive applied on both ends of each interconnect.    USE - For use in solar cell for converting solar energy into an electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The invention exhibits excellent energy conversion efficiency and high output power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A crystalline silicon based solar cell module (10) comprises a superstrate layer (1) containing a light transmitting safety glass; a substrate layer (2) containing a weather-resistance polymer; a crystalline silicon based solar cell array containing crystalline silicon based solar cells (4); interconnects; and a hot melt adhesive (6) applied on both ends of each interconnect. Each interconnect is welded to the silicon based solar cells at both ends. Each interconnect electrically connects between a top electrode of one of the solar cells at one end of the interconnect and a bottom electrode of an adjacent silicon based solar cell (11, 12) at the other end of the interconnect. The hot melt adhesive is applied on and around both ends of the interconnects to reinforce an adhesion and reduce mechanical and thermal stresses between each end of the interconnect and the crystalline based silicon solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic separated cross-sectional view of the solar cell module.    Superstrate layer (1)    Substrate layer (2)    Solar cells (4)    Hot melt adhesive (6)    Solar cell module (10)    Adjacent silicon based solar cell (11, 12)
NOVELTY - A battery comprises a gel-polymer solid electrolyte adhesive layer at least at one of the interfaces between a cathode and a gel-polymer solid electrolyte layer; or an anode and a gel-polymer solid electrolyte layer. The adhesive layer has a smaller flow stress than the gel-polymer solid electrolyte layer.    USE - For rechargeable batteries, especially rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Separation between electrodes and gel-polymer solid electrolyte layer can be effectively prevented, so that batteries having stable performance with higher capacity can be obtained.
NOVELTY - A super-branched polymer comprises hole conducting unit at its branch terminal. Pi-conjugated system comprising carbonyl group and benzene ring is not included in the main chain of the polymer.    USE - Forming molded sheets (claimed) used in photoelectric conversion devices (claimed) or electrophotographic devices of solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The super-branched polymer imparts very high hole conductivity to the molded sheet used in photoelectric conversion devices.
NOVELTY - The lead wire (18a) is connected to either of the electrodes of sealed bag-type battery. An ionizing radiation crosslinked polyolefin insulator (21a) of the lead wire is fused to a thermoplastic polyolefin layer present in the sealed bag interior. The polyolefin resin of insulator has a gel fraction of 20-90% and the adhesive strength between thermoplastic layer of bag and the lead wire is 4.9 N/cm or more.    USE - For non-electrolyte battery used as power supply for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - The lead wire is securely bonded to the sealed bag and hence short-circuiting is prevented. Since the adhesion between the bag and insulator is improved, leakage of electrolyte is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top and cross-sectional views of the lead wire.    Lead wire (18a)    Insulator (21a)
NOVELTY - The non-woven fiber web comprises first amorphous silica fibers orientated in the x, y, and optionally z-direction and optionally bonded with binder substance(s). Continuous strand(s) is/are embedded within the non-woven fiber web. Each strand contains second amorphous silica fiber(s).    USE - The web is useful in an ion-conducting membrane used in a catalyst coated membrane and a membrane electrode assembly which are useful in a fuel cell (claimed). It can also be used in metal-air batteries, electrochemical gas sensors, electrochemical reactors for the electrosynthesis of useful chemical compounds and separator mats for batteries. Non-electrochemical applications of non-woven fiber web includes composite materials for cryogenic insulation; composite reinforcement in areas, e.g. plastics, cements, printed circuit boards, and sports goods; for insulation purposes, military applications, automotive structural components, brakes, gaskets, and transmission units; and for filtration applications.    ADVANTAGE - Produces a membrane in high volumes and with high yields at low unit cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an ion-conducting membrane comprising the inventive non-woven fiber web and a filler material with an ion-conducting polymer.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte has a backbone of aromatic constituents coupled together by at least one atom having a pi-cloud. Halogen atom and an ion exchange group are covalently bound to the backbone.    USE - The electrolyte is suitable for use in fuel cells and electrolytic cells    ADVANTAGE - The electrolytes are electrochemically stable by not being prone to oxidation as observed in other high temperature polymer electrolytes containing aromatic H atoms    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polymer electrolyte film comprising 1-99% of the polymer electrolyte and a basic polymer.
NOVELTY - A heating gas separator (5) and an oxidizing gas separator (6) are installed with heating pipe (9) with fins (11). The separators are installed with gas passage way for supplying gas to a fuel electrode film (3) and oxidizing agent electrode film (4) laminatingly provided to both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte film (2).    USE - In fuel cell for generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces size and cost by eliminating cooling water circulation circuit due to provision of the separators with gas passage way.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an operating method for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of the fuel cell.    Electrolyte film (2)    Electrode film (3)    Electrode film (4)    Heating gas separator (5)    Oxidizing gas separator (6)    Heating pipe (9)    Fin (11)
NOVELTY - A resin coating (C) is applied to entire surface of a plate (41) formed with grooves (41e). The resin coating is removed from the surface with the exception of the grooved portions. A metallic plating (P) is carried out to the exposed surface of the plate from which the resin portions are removed.    USE - For manufacturing fuel cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Forms surface by different surface treatment easily and reliably, by peeling off resin coated portion from required surfaces. Enhances operational efficiency of fuel cell due to duel surface coating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory diagram of surface treatment method.    Plate (41)    Grooves (41e)    Resin coating (C)    Metallic plating (P)
NOVELTY - Battery is sealed with thermobonding resin. An adhesive (4) containing a substance, that is not melted at thermobonding temperature, is arranged on the circumference of lead terminal (3) of battery and joined with thermobonding resin.    USE - For integrated circuit cards.    ADVANTAGE - The poor short circuit at the lead terminal portion is reduced by restraining generation of adhesive crack during heat sealing, by mixing adhesive with filler. High-productive efficiency is achieved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the distribution of adhesive on the battery.    Lead terminal (3)    Adhesive (4)
NOVELTY - Anode and cathode leads are drawn from the electricity generation element. The outer cladding film (5) seals the edge surfaces of electricity generation element. The heat welding of the outer cladding film edge portion is carried out using acid modified polyolefin resin which has softening point and melting point more than 100degreesC.    USE - Used as electric power unit for portable telephone set, video camera.    ADVANTAGE - A reliable airtight sealing is entirely maintained. The thin battery with sufficient efficiency can be attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of outer cladding film.    Outer cladding film (5)
NOVELTY - The battery container (5) consists of organic macromolecular material whose softening point or melting point or thermolysis temperature is above 100degreesC.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Using the organic macromolecular material, the weight reduction and high energy densification are materialized without reducing the capacity of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal part sectional view of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Battery container (5)
NOVELTY - The electrode group (10) consists of electrode active material formed on thin sheet with different polarity. The electrode group is provided in a container (13) filled with non-aqueous electrolyte. The container is wrapped in an inner box (9) filled with resin having insulation and non-aqueous electrolyte resistant property.    USE - E.g. lithium ion secondary battery used in electric vehicle, satellite etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since cells are insulated with insulator inside a container except connection path, the group battery is used safely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for group battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of group battery cell.    Inner box (9)    Electrode group (10)    Container (13)
NOVELTY - The ion-exchange membrane comprises a film containing fluoropolymer containing at least one functional group. The inner layer of the membrane has linear fine core which opens at least on one surface.    USE - For use in solid polymeric type fuel batteries, water and salt electrolysis and in various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has a low electrical resistance without any physical defects. The membrane has fine pores hence inhibiting the reduction in membrane strength. The membrane is not damage even during cutting.
NOVELTY - The separator is arranged and integrated between positive and negative electrodes of electrode group (2). The outermost circumference (8) of electrode group is formed with polymer having adhesive property with molecular weight higher than that of inside of electrode group.    USE - For portable telephones.    ADVANTAGE - Since polymer on outer periphery of electrode group has high density adhesive property than that of inner side of electrode group, high mechanical strength of battery against shock is achieved, thereby inhibiting battery swelling during storage under high temperature service.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacturing procedure of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    Electrode group (2)    Outermost circumference (8)
NOVELTY - Laminated covering for thin shaped batteries comprises a metallic foil (1c) core material, and an inner adhesive layer (1a). A resin composition of the adhesive layer provides an insulating layer (1b) between the metallic foil and the adhesive layer.    USE - For polymer lithium ion batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The batteries reduce the occurrence of short circuits.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the covering for thin shaped batteries.    Adhesive layer (1a)    Insulating layer (1b)    Metallic foil (1c)
NOVELTY - The catalytically-active surface of the counter-electrode includes one or more polymers and/or one or more salts of a polymer with a sequence of aromatic rings in the main chain.    USE - For photochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalytically-active counter electrode avoids costly materials e.g. platinum, without sacrificing efficiency or life. Suitable substances and a proprietary source are nominated. No tempering stage is required, whereas platinum requires this treatment regularly. A bonding agent (silane) secures the catalytic coating.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method of making the counter-electrode of the photochemical cell, by coating a prepared substrate with the cited substances, using electrochemical precipitation, spraying or printing techniques. The substrate may be dipped into a solution containing the polymer or its salts, or into the corresponding monomer solution or suspension. Direct polymerization may take place on its surface.
NOVELTY - A fullerene polymer obtained by polymerizing a vapor-deposited film of fullerene molecules by irradiation with electromagnetic waves.    USE - The fullerene polymer is used in heterojunctions for solar cells and light emitting diodes.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cells etc. have improved durability and physical and electronic properties. The fullerene polymer film undergoes hardly any changes even after one month, whereas a vapor-deposited fullerene film tends to lose its desirable characteristics in about one day.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) A method of fabricating a fullerene polymer comprising vapor-depositing and then irradiating fullerene molecules.    (2) A charge separation heterojunction structure comprising an electrically-conductive organic film (O) and a fullerene polymer film (F) layered between a light-transmitting electrode and a counter-electrode.    (3) A method of forming the heterojunction comprising forming a light-transmitting electrode, an electrically-conductive organic film, a fullerene polymer film and a counter-electrode, the steps of forming the layers other than the fullerene layer being carried out after first identifying the fullerene polymer film.
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic manufacture comprises contact transfer release sheet (54) bound to a thin film cell layer (14) in a series of vacuum deposition chambers (12). A thin film cell has a photovoltaic material deposited onto the permanent substrate (22), conductive metal layer (24) and polyimide base layer (26). A vacuum deposition chamber (28) with vacuum chamber (34) goes to a clear conductive layer (32) draws energy onto the film cells.    USE - For use as a photovoltaic device or solar cell absorbing sunlight and converting directly into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The panel can be customized into a parallel circuit or series circuit, while facilitating compact packaging and reduces transportation costs by enabling photovoltaic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure of a block diagram of the manufacturing process.    Vacuum deposition chambers (12)    Thin film cell layer (14)    Permanent substrate (22)    Conductive metal layer (24)    Polyamide base layer (26)    Vacuum deposition chamber (28)    Clear conductive layer (32)    Vacuum chamber (34)    Contact release sheet (54)
NOVELTY - A solid fuel cell stack (10) comprises a first solid oxide fuel cell (12) with a cathode (32, 38), a second solid fuel cell (14) with an anode (30, 36), an interconnect (16) positioned between the cathode and the anode, and a porous substrate (18, 42, 43) for joining the interconnect to the anode and/or cathode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The stack achieves excellent power output and performance level. The fuel cells have high fuel efficiency, low emissions, and distributed generation options.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a method of manufacturing the porous substrate comprising impregnating a flow field form with an impregnate, firing the impregnated flow field form, and volatilizing the flow field form; and    (ii) a method of manufacturing a solid fuel cell stack comprising providing at least two fired solid oxide fuel cells; associating an interconnect with the cathode and the anode; providing a flow field form with an impregnate; associating the flow field form between and in contact with the interconnect and the cathode or the anode; firing the assembled stack of the solid fuel cells, the interconnect and the flow field form; and volatilizing the flow field form to render a fired solid oxide fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side elevational view of the solid fuel cell stack.    Solid fuel cell stack (10)    First solid oxide fuel cell (12)    Second solid fuel cell (14)    Interconnect (16)    Porous substrate (18, 42, 43)    Sealing mechanism (20)    Anode (30, 36)    Cathode (32, 38)    Electrolyte (34, 40)    Conductive coating (47)
NOVELTY - An electrically conductive plate (3) is etched using particulate etchant, particulate etchant accelerator and particulate etchant resistant patterned mask. The etching is performed such that fluid flow pattern (5) determined by pattern design on mask (1) is formed on plate (3).    USE - The flow field plates are used in solid polymer fuel cells (SPFC), electrolyzers and batteries which contain fluid electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - An effective and improved method for manufacture of electrochemical cell components such as flow field plate is provided. Low cost and rapid erosive etch allows formation of fluid flow patterns, fluid entry galleries and fluid exit galleries and sealing grooves.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of particulate etching method.    Mask (1)    Plate (3)    Fluid flow pattern (5)
NOVELTY - A substrate (1) is coated with a fluorine containing material sheet (FM) and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer (2) with optional provision of an intermediate layer. The adhesive layer and the FM sheet are chemically bonded by irradiation of electron beam on the FM sheet.    USE - For billboards, reflectors and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive sheet has excellent adhesion with the substrate and hence is used as surface protective material. The sheet has excellent releasability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the method for producing a pressure sensitive adhesive sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross section of a pressure sensitive adhesive sheet.    Substrate (1)    Adhesive layer (2)
NOVELTY - A solar power assembly (12) comprises a flexible photovoltaic (PV) device (6) attached to a flexible thermal solar collector (4).    USE - As a solar power assembly.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces or eliminates the need for additional mounting structure and also eliminates the need for roof membrane-penetrating fasteners. It provides a lower cost and a simpler transportation and installation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (a) a hybrid solar power system comprising a solar power assembly, an external heated fluid receiver, and an external device; and    (b) a method for making a solar power assembly comprising joining a thermal solar collector to a PV device, and rolling the assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged view of the roll of the solar power assembly.    Solar collector (4)    PV device (6)    PV device laminate (8)    Solar power assembly (12)    Roll (14)
NOVELTY - An image sensing device (10) comprises an imaging sensor (20) configured in a package (15) having opposing side portions. A light sensitive element (25) including a plastic element and dye selective to infrared light, is affixed to the top of the opposing side portions of the package.    USE - For camera.    ADVANTAGE - Since the package contains IR filter rather than a separate placement of element or filter, the piece-part count of the total camera system is reduced. The integrated system also allows determination and calibration of color performance to be made directly at the image sensing device. The optical characteristics of image sensing device can be encapsulated so as to more greatly control the system light.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for imaging system. The imaging system comprises an imaging sensor having several photo cells, configured in a package including light selective element, control circuitry configured to generate control signals for controlling imaging sensor, and signal processing circuitry for generating image data in response to sensor signal. The photo cells provide sensor signals in response to incident light and control signals.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows image sensing device.    Image sensing device (10)    Package (15)    Imaging sensor (20)    Light sensitive element (25)
NOVELTY - Polycarbonate polyol (prepared by polycondensation of two glycols and phosgene or chloroformate) was reacted with (meth)acrylic acid to give a polycarbonate (meth)acrylate which was further polymerized and mixed with an alkali metal salt. The final product gave a solid polymer electrolyte with high ion conductivity and high electrochemical stability.    USE - Used in a polymer electrolyte in primary cell, secondary cell and condenser, capacitor, electrochromic display element and medical actuator.    ADVANTAGE - Product gives high polymerization starting temperature and improved storage stability. It gives high ion conductivity when containing a metal salt of Group 1a in the Periodic Table, thus providing a solid polymer electrolyte with high voltage resistance, flexibility and electrochemical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polycarbonate polyol comprises a polycondensed product of a glycol of formula (1), a glycol of formula (2), and a carbonyl compound (diether carbonates, phosgene or chloroformate).    HO-(CH2CH2O)n-H (1);    HO-R-OH (2).    R = 4-20C alkylene group which may contain an ether bond, excluding oxyethylene group.
NOVELTY - An elastic resin (41) is filled in circumference gap (A1) formed between an elastic packing material (31) and separator (20).    USE - Solid polymeric type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides favorable sealing performance, since seal is completely made with elastic cell, even when seal position is shifted, during stacking of cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional outline of fuel cell.    Separator (20)    Elastic packing material (31)    Elastic resin (41)    Circumference gap (A1)
NOVELTY - An ion exchange resin film is formed by injecting ion exchange resin over either of catalyst layers (2) formed on the gaseous diffusion layer which consists of porous object. The catalyst layer and resin film are formed integrally.    USE - For solid polymeric fuel cell manufacturing.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces production time, since catalyst layer is impregnated in ion exchange resin liquid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymeric fuel cell manufacturing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows longitudinal cross section of resin injection piece used for cell manufacture.    Catalyst layer (2)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a pair of gas diffusion electrodes with hydrogen ion conductivity polymeric electrolyte film. The electrode has a pair of electroconductive gas passageway boards (2) having corrosion resistance in at least one portion.    USE - The fuel cell is used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The output reduction by the contact resistance in the metal contact of electric generators such as battery is inhibited for prolonged period economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of electroconductive gas passageway board.    Metal (1, 3)    Electroconductive gas passageway board (2)
NOVELTY - The porous polymer electrolyte is filled inside the cathode and anode. The thickness of electrolyte in surface of anode and cathode is 8 microns or less.    USE - For e.g. lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves adhesion of electrode and separator by adjusting thickness of electrolyte. Improves discharge property of battery by increasing current distribution. Reduces short circuit accident by providing cushion effect by electrolyte. Enables efficient use of fragile separators.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - The binder resin is dissolved by continuously supplying binder resin (11) from a storage unit (13) into a container (10), in a controlled quantity. Solvent (9) is supplied over the binder resin, and stirred by an unit, equipped in the container.    USE - For dissolving binder resin useful as coating material for lithium ion secondary battery and for magnetic tape production.    ADVANTAGE - Duration of binder resin dissolution is shortened. The dissolution process and the production is improved with the stable binder resin.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for binder resin dissolution method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic perspective diagram of a dissolution apparatus.    Solvent (9)    Container (10)    Binder resin (11)    Storage unit (13)
NOVELTY - Fluorescent property transparent film for solar battery has a polymer with amide bond and a rare earth complex molecularly scattered in inorganic oxide matrix.    USE - For solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent fluorescent property, transparency, uniformity and durability. Solar battery with high photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery comprising the transparent film arranged on light receiving surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the chemical structure of fluorescent property transparent film.
NOVELTY - The battery comprises laminated upper and lower cases on which an anode tab (36a) and cathode tab (36b) are pulled outwards from edge of anode and cathode, respectively. The positive terminal (37) on upper part of case is connected electrically with anode tab and the cathode terminal (38) on lower case is connected with cathode tab.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The structure of the battery is improved and the positive terminal and cathode terminal is formed on the case itself. Sealing function of battery is improved. Damage of terminal by use can be minimized and capacitance of battery assembly per unit volume of case is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Upper and lower cases (31a, 31b) contain laminated internal polymer layer, aluminum layer and external polymer layer. The case encloses anode, separator and cathode laminated in flat order. The positive terminal and cathode terminal are aluminum layers whose upper polymer layers (external insulation) have been removed, so as to expose aluminum and are connected to anode and cathode inside by removing a part of the inner polymer (internal insulation) layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of battery and case.    Upper and lower cases (31a, 31b)    Anode tab (36a)    Cathode tab (36b)    Positive terminal (37)    Cathode terminal (38)
NOVELTY - Heating gas is supplied to specific channels (400) distributed at the anode side from a heat gas source. Water is supplied to the anode channels other than the gas supply channel from a pump (3). A controller (9) regulates flow of water through selected channels alternately.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates maintaining polymer film in wet state, due to selective supply of water through channels.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of solid polymeric type fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of the fuel battery.    Pump (3)    Controller (9)
NOVELTY - The electrolyte film (7) has a surface (8) in which ion exchange is performed. 0.015-0.32 mg/cm2 of noble metal catalyst particles (9) are dispersed uniformly on the entire surface of the film. The size of catalyst particle (d2) is at most300 nm. The secondary particles of the catalyst are cylindrical with height (h) which is at most 200 nm. The coverage of the catalyst particle on the surface is less than 95%.    USE - Fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Electricity generation capability of the fuel battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the electrolyte film.    Electrolyte film (7)    Film surface (8)    Noble metal catalyst particle (9)    Catalyst particle size (d2)    Height (h)
NOVELTY - The active solid polymer electrolyte film (2) comprises solid polymer-electrolyte film (7) and surface portion (8) of thickness (t2) at most 10 microns where ion exchange occurs. Precious metal catalyst particles (9) are dispersed uniformly in the surface portion. Load CA of the catalyst particle in the active solid polymer electrolyte film is 0.14-0.35 mg/cm2.    USE - Solid state polymeric type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The active solid polymer electrolyte film has increased electricity generating capability and can be mass produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for active solid polymer electrolyte film manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section an active solid-polymer electrolyte film.    Active solid-polymer-electrolyte film (2)    Solid-polymer-electrolyte film (7)    Surface portion (8)    Precious metal catalyst particle (9)
NOVELTY - The solar cell module includes organic polymeric resin layers, at least one of which contains terpolymers of an ethylene-acrylic ester-acrylic acid, ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride, ethylene-methacrylic ester-acrylic acid, ethylene-acrylic ester-methacrylic acid, ethylene-acrylic ester-methacrylic acid, and/or ethylene-methacrylic ester-maleic anhydride.    USE - The solar cell nodule is used as a clean energy source for generating electric power.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module has excellent weather, heat and moisture resistance since the adhesion of the sealing material is improved and peeling does not occur even when the module is exposed to the outdoors over a long period of time. The sealing layer does not decompose under high temperature and moisture conditions to allow the acid to liberate. Since no corrosion of the photovoltaic element by acid occurs, the stable performance of the solar cell can be maintained over a long period of time. The highly reliable module has excellent light permeability and high transparency. The reduction of shunt resistance can be inhibited and an excellent photoelectric conversion is obtained. The sealer resin is poor in water absorption properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar cell module comprises organic polymeric resin layers (2) which seals a light-receiving and/or non-light-receiving surfaces of photovoltaic element (1). At least one of (2) contains terpolymers of an ethylene-acrylic ester-acrylic acid, ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride, ethylene-methacrylic ester-acrylic acid, ethylene-acrylic ester-methacrylic acid, ethylene-acrylic ester-methacrylic acid, and/or ethylene-methacrylic ester-maleic anhydride.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module.    Photovoltaic element (101)    Front sealing surface material (102)    Back sealing surface material (103)    Back surface member. (104)
NOVELTY - Production of pi-conjugated polymers (I) comprises (A) complexation of a monomeric compound with a cyclodextrin and (B) polymerization of the complexed compound with a chemical oxidizing agent.    USE - The process is useful for the production of pi-conjugated polymers with high electrical conductivity for the production of multi-layer circuit boards, electromagnetic shielding and batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The monomer complex is stable and has improved solubility in water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a process for the production of through hole circuit boards and multilayers by application of (I) onto the walls of the holes with an acid treatment to form an electrically conductive layer and galvanic deposition of a metal.
NOVELTY - The battery box (10) for battery-driven automobiles - in particular, for cylindrical current storage elements positioned horizontally parallel to one another in rows and/or layers - comprises at least one fixing element which is attached to a bottom plate and a top cover plate (18) of the box, is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the current storage elements, and keeps the latter fixed in horizontal and vertical directions. Also claimed is an automobile with such a self-supporting battery box.    USE - For battery-driven automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The self-supporting box allows current storage elements to be accommodated in a specified position, and their temperature to be effectively controlled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the proposed battery box.    Side walls (14, 16)    Top cover plate (18)    Ventilation slits (20, 22)
NOVELTY - The film has porous reinforcement layer of thickness 100 mum or less. Dynamic heat resistance temperature of layer is 300degreesC. The layer contains gel formed by mixing heat resistant resin, high molecular organic compound and organic solvent. The organic electrolyte having ionic conductivity of 5x10-4 S/cm or more and puncture strength of 150 g is distributed to thickness of 200 mum or less of film.    USE - Solid type polymer electrolyte film used for secondary batteries such as lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since polymer film has high heat resistance, secondary battery with high short circuit prevention strength is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the secondary battery.
NOVELTY - Poly dimethyl siloxane of 1-10 weight percent containing carboxy or amide group as a functional group and its crosslinking agent are used for either of anode or cathode active material layers (2,4).    USE - E.g. cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery used for portable apparatus such as camcorder, laptop, portable telephone, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Since poly dimethyl siloxane and crosslinking agent are used, the battery with improved discharge property and life cycle property is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Lithium manganate is used for anode active material layer, and carbon material and binder are used for cathode active material layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery.    Active material layers (2,4)
NOVELTY - A sealant (10) made of synthetic resin, seals an opening of cathode jar (1). The sealant has inner and outer cylinders (11,12) connected by a connection portion (13). A notch is provided on the outer surface of the sealant. A thin portion (11a) is formed on upper surface of inner cylinder. A welding line of molding exists in center of thin portion.    USE - Manganese dry battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in leakage resistance, as the thin portion is formed on upper surface of inner cylinder. When battery internal pressure rise unusually, the battery equipped with explosion-proof mechanism is operated reliably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The outer cylinder is bound between an anode terminal board (6) and opening of cathode jar. A carbon rod (4) penetrates from the inner cylinder.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation of the manganese dry battery.    Cathode jar (1)    Sealant (10)    Inner and outer cylinders (11,12)    Connection portion (13)
NOVELTY - A circuit board (3) and cell (1) are electrically connected by anode terminal (6) and cathode terminal (7). The circuit board and cell are placed in molds (17a,17b) and then coated with resin.    USE - For portable telephone.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces number of days required and cost, as assembly is simplified. Improves reliability by preventing short-circuit generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery structure manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective diagram of battery cell.    Cell (1)    Circuit board (3)    Anode terminal (6)    Cathode terminal (7)    Molds (17a,17b)
NOVELTY - Bushing insert resin block (4) is manufactured, and installed to electric pole for positive electrode (8) and negative electrode (9), to form positive and negative electrode terminals (P,N). The terminals are then sealed to lid of battery jar (5a) of the battery (5). Back side and top of resin molding (3) of the bushing insert resin block is sealed circularly.    USE - For manufacturing lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Favorable lead storage battery with no production loss is manufactured smoothly and cheaply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lead storage battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows plane cross-section of lead storage battery.    Resin molding (3)    Bushing insert resin block (4)    Battery (5)    Battery jar (5a)    Positive electrode (8)    Negative electrode (9)    Positive and negative electrode terminals (P,N)
NOVELTY - A fire-resistant fiber felt is obtained by subjecting acrylic fiber to baking at 400-500degreesC in normal atmosphere. A needle is punched on sides of fiber to produce fiber wrap. The fiber is then oriented along thickness. The density of fiber felt with 30% or more orientation along thickness is 0.14-0.18 g/cm3. The fiber felt is carbonized at high temperature to obtain electroconductive material.    USE - For use in secondary battery which is used for electric power storage system.    ADVANTAGE - As electroconductive material is obtained by carbonization of felt-like fiber at high temperature after precise needle punch process, production is easy and cheap. Enables producing electroconductive material using simple process and hence manufacture is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional view of secondary battery used for electric power storage system.
NOVELTY - The top surface (6) of a safety valve tube (2) is finished by mirror polishing so as to form a coating film of silicone oil on the surface.    USE - The rubber valve is used for an airtight type lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Visual observation at time of pressure reduction is confirmed easily, thus increasing operativity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacturing method of safety valve; and    (b) airtight type lead storage battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows diagram of safety valve tube. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Safety valve tube (2)    Top surface (6)
NOVELTY - Protective layer (5) made of ethylene-propylene co-polymer is provided on front and back surfaces of biaxial orientation film (4) made of polypropylene to form a laminated structure. The structure is laminated on both sides of metal layer (2) through adhesive layer (3).    USE - For thin shaped batteries such as lithium ion secondary battery used in electronic machine.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits the electrolyte leak out of battery as the orientation film has excellent electrolyte permeability-resistant characteristic.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the bag.    Metal layer (2)    Adhesive layer (3)    Biaxial orientation film (4)    Protective layer (5)
NOVELTY - Solar cell modules (1), comprises a carrier layer, a photosensitive layer and connections, are attached to a supporting glass pane (2) by means of a casting resin. The total surface area of the glass pane (2) is appreciably greater than the total module surface and the modules are spaced some distance from the edge of the pane (2).    USE - Fitting solar cells to large glass panes, e.g. insulating windowpanes.    ADVANTAGE - Cost effective method of using standard sized modules to cover large areas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the process of laminating solar cell modules to a supporting glass pane with casting resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a pane with modules.    solar cell module (1)    glass pane (2)
NOVELTY - In a gas-tight closed cell battery with nickel oxide positive electrode(s) (anodes) and hydrogen-storing negative electrode(s) (cathodes), a hydrophilic separator and alkaline electrolyte (mixture), the cathode(s) have a gas-permeable hydrophobic transport element to transport the gases of the cell atmosphere.    USE - The products are batteries (accumulators) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - In existing cells, the charge in all cathodes cannot be equalized in the rest phase and excess hydrogen and oxygen pressure remains unless ancillary electrodes or special multilayer electrodes are used. The present cells equalize the charge in the cathodes at minimum cost and eliminate the excess pressure. Production of the electrodes is very simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the cell.    Cell (1)    Prismatic housing (2)    Plus pole (3)    Minus pole (4)    Nickel oxide anodes (5)    Cathodes of hydrogen storage alloy (6a, 6b)    Separator (7)    Gas space (8)    Two half cathodes (10, 11)    Gas transport element of hydrophobic fleece (12)
NOVELTY - A battery enclosure for a miniature electronic device comprises a device body, a door with catchments, a bridge pin, and a flexible strip affixed on the inside of body, passing around bridge pin, so when the battery is inserted and the door is pushed into the opening, the flexible strip forms a loop around battery    USE - The battery enclosure is useful for inclusion in a hearing aid (claimed) or other miniature electronic device    ADVANTAGE - The enclosure allows for the easy insertion and extraction of a battery, and has a minimum impact on the overall size of the device    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An enclosure for a battery within an electronic device, comprises (a) a device body with an opening in a surface for accommodating the battery, (b) an enclosure door shaped to fit within the opening and including catchments for being removably connected at a front end to the body within the opening, (c) a bridge pin within the body near a rear end of the opening, and (d) a flexible strip affixed top one end of an inside surface of the body near a front end of the opening, passing around (c) and connected at an opposite end to a rear end of the door. The battery is inserted into the opening, such that when the door is pushed into the opening, the flexible strip forms a loop around the battery.
NOVELTY - An ion conductive polymer is prepared from a compound (A) having ion conductive organic residue and a compound (B) of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl diamines.    USE - For secondary batteries including solid state rechargeable lithium batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductive polymer provides rechargeable batteries with improved mechanical strength, capacity, energy density, and charge-discharge cycle performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An ion conductive polymer is prepared a compound (A) of formula (1) having ion conductive organic residue and a compound (B) of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl diamines of formula (4).    R1-3 = ion conductive organic residue;    R4-6 = hydrocarbon reside of formulae (2) or (3);    R7 = hydrocarbon residue having up to 20 carbon atoms;    n = natural number    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (I) an electrode for secondary batteries which comprises a current collector having a film formed on it, consisting of an electrode active material and the above ion conductive polymer;    (II) a secondary battery comprises the above electrode which is used as a cathode or anode;    (III) a secondary battery which comprises an electrolyte containing a polymer composite consisting of the above ion conductive polymer and an ionic compound.
NOVELTY - A polyelectrolyte comprises at least a electric charge carrier and a polymeric structure formed by covalent bond cross-linking and physical process cross-linking.    USE - For non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The polyelectrolyte excels in heat resistance, discharge property and mechanical strength. A lithium cell excels in cyclic property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of polyelectrolyte which involves adding and mixing polymer comprising polymeric structure, monomer and/or prepolymer, cross-linking agent, polymerization initiator, polar solvent and electrolyte salt. Crosslinked thermosetting resin is formed by heating and cooling the reaction mixture followed by formation of tangle in the thermoplastic resin polymer and thermoplastic resin.
NOVELTY - The unit anode, unit cathode and a separator are dried after extracting plasticizer from anode, cathode and separator. Hybrid polyelectrolyte is impregnated to the plasticizer extracted position on the anode, cathode and separator.    USE - The lithium polymer secondary battery is used in portable telephone, camcorder, notebook PC, computer.    ADVANTAGE - Due to the usage of hybrid polyelectrolyte, the productivity of battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium polymer secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The battery element (1) comprises heat shrinking films (2,3) which surrounds a laminate of flat electrodes and electrolyte layer.    USE - For non-aqueous secondary batteries such as lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The battery excels in durability and shock resistance. The battery element is manufactured efficiently and each layer of the element has strong adhesion power.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of a battery element.    Battery element (1)    Heat-shrinking film (2,3)
NOVELTY - The battery has a laminate of anode (11), electrolyte layer and cathode (12). A collector layer (15) is provided on one side of anode or cathode. Electrode active material layers (11a,12a) formed on the collector layer have non-fluid polymeric electrolyte containing a polymer with polar group equivalence of 74 or less.    USE - The battery is used for camcorder, portable telephone and computer.    ADVANTAGE - Flat shaped lithium secondary battery with excellent cycle characteristics is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polar group or polymer in polymeric electrolyte is -O-, -CN-, -NH-.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of electrode of lithium secondary battery.    Anode (11)    Cathode (12)    Electrode active material layers (11a, 12a)    Collector layers (15)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte film (1) has fuel electrode (2) and oxygen pole (3) on either sides. Supply and exhaust of oxidizing agent gas and heating gas are done to oxygen pole and fuel electrode respectively. A buffer (20) is connected between exhaust gas and oxidizing agent gas supply paths (15,14) of pole, so that oxidizing agent is humidified with water vapor from exhaust gas through buffer.    USE - Solid polymeric fuel battery for humidifying solid polymer film, is used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - As the oxidizing agent is humidified without external humidifier, the battery is small and of light weight with high electricity generation efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows system block diagram of fuel battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electrolyte film (1)    Fuel electrode (2)    Oxygen pole (3)    Gas supply path (14)    Exhaust gas path (15)    Buffer (20)
NOVELTY - A negative electrode terminal (1), metal plate (2) and resin packing (3) are integrated, such that gap exists between them. The integrated assembly is inserted into a positive electrode pot which is filled with electricity generation element.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of deformation during battery assembling is reduced. Thus, manufacture of inferior goods is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for alkaline dry battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of an integrated assembly in an alkaline dry battery.    Negative electrode terminal (1)    Metal plate (2)    Resin packing (3)
NOVELTY - A resin film (4), thin inorganic oxide metallic film (2), coating film (3) and a fluorine group resin sheet (1) are laminated sequentially to form a multilayered structure (5). An ultraviolet (UV) absorbing layer (7) and a pollution protection layer (6) are provided either on one side or both sides of structure.    USE - For solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Pollution protection layer prevents penetration of water component, oxygen reliably. Excels in light-resistant, heat-resistant, water-resistant, damp-proofing and dirt-resistant, thus exhibits extremely high protection capability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of multilayered structure having surface protection sheet for solar cell module.    fluorine group resin sheet (1)    inorganic oxide metallic film (2)    coating film (3)    resin film (4)    multilayered structure (5)    pollution protection layer (6)    UV absorbing layer (7)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte membrane (11) is recovered from a unit cell (20) of fuel cells by providing the unit cell comprising the electrolyte membrane and an electrode (12, 13). The unit cell is soaked in a liquid having an ability of expanding the electrolyte membrane by a factor greater than a predetermined value. The electrolyte membrane is separated from the electrode of the unit cell.    USE - For recovering an electrolyte membrane from a unit cell of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows an electrolyte membrane to be easily recovered from fuel cells of simple structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for recovering an electrolyte membrane from a unit cell of fuel cells comprising a soaking tank (51) and a separating tank (53).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram illustrating the varying state of each electrolyte membrane in the recovering process.    Electrolyte membrane (11)    Electrodes (12, 13)    Unit cell (20)    Soaking tank (51)    Separating tank (53)    Substitution tank (55)    Wash tank (57)
NOVELTY - The lining element for outer cover of a roof or an outside wall of a building is characterized by an integrated solar module serving for utilization of sun's energy.    USE - As outer of a roof or an outside wall of a building.    ADVANTAGE - Costs associated with installation of solar modules for utilization of sun's energy are minimized.
NOVELTY - Ionomers exhibiting the desired combination of high ionic conductivity with good chemical stability at relatively low fluorine concentrations.    USE - Used in electrochemical applications, particularly fuel cells and lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The ionomers combine high ionic conductivity with good chemical stability at relatively low fluorine concentrations as replacements for the more highly fluorinated polymers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A monomer of formula CH2=CH(CF2)2nOCF2CF2SO2N-(M+)SO2Rf (I) is claimed;    n = 1;    M+ = alkali metal cation;    Rf = 1-4C perfluoroalkyl optionally substituted by ether oxygen's.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a polymer comprising monomer units of VF2 and 1-4 mol% of ionic monomer units of formula -CH2-CH(((CF2)2n)OCF2CF2SO2X)- (II);    (2) forming a composition of formula CH2=CH(CF2)2nOCF2CF2SO3-M+ (I) comprises contacting a composition of formula CH2=CH(CF2)2nOCF2CFR2SO2F with a weakly basic solution of alkali metal salt or hydroxide in a polar solvent, the solution having a pH of less than about 12 at 0-50 degreesC; and    (3) forming a composition of formula CH2=CH(CF2)2nOCF2CF2SO2N-(K+)SO2Rf comprising:    (a) forming a 0.001-5 molar solution of RfSO2NH2 in an organic solvent;    (b) combining the solution with CH(CF2)2nOCF2CF2SO2F and KF to form a mixture;    (c) heating the mixture to 50-180 degreesC;    (d) separating the product.    n = 1;    X = O-M+, N-(M+)SO2Rf;    M+ = H+ or alkali metal cation;    Rf = 1-4C perfluoroalkyl optionally substituted by ether oxygen atom(s).
NOVELTY - The electrochemical cell (10) has a determinable stoichiometric capacity and the circuitry (14) discharges the cell under a 1st load condition and at a 2nd lighter load condition or at an open circuit voltage condition. The 1st load occurs during the medical device (12) operating mode for charging a capacitor or delivering therapy, and the 2nd load occurs during a medical device monitoring mode.    USE - Electrochemical cells with 'fuel gauges' for powering medical implants having operating and monitoring functions.    ADVANTAGE - The rate of voltage recovery is used to determine the state of charge of the cell and can be used as an end-of-life indicator for the electrochemical cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The circuitry measures the voltage change (DELTAV) from the 1st load voltage to the 2nd load voltage and measures the time (DELTAT) for the cell to relax from the 1st voltage to the 2nd voltage so that the ratio DELTAV/DELTAT can be determined. The ratio is determined at least three times so that analysis on the slope of the resulting curve determines the discharge capacity remaining in the cell.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the determination of the remaining discharge capacity in the cell by the process above. A further INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the determination of the remaining discharge capacity similar to the above but where the electrochemical cell is contained in a electronic device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows an implantable medical device with the 'fuel gauge'.    Cell (10)    Medical device (12)    Electronic circuitry (14)    Constant load (16)    Pulse load (18)
NOVELTY - A triple-polymer based composite electrolyte comprises a thin composite film of a triple-polymer mixture which serves as a matrix of the composite electrolyte; and an anhydrous liquid electrolyte for ion conduction. The mixture includes polyethylene glycol based waterborne polyurethane (WPU(PEG)), polytetramethylene glycol based waterborne polyurethane (WPU(PTMG)), and polyethylene oxide.    USE - The composite electrolyte is used for lithium ion batteries, lithium batteries, electrochromic devices, and other fields for ionic conduction. It is suitable for manufacturing thin film cell, bipolar stack cell, or secondary lithium cell.    ADVANTAGE - The triple-polymer based composite electrolyte exhibits a conductivity of up to 10-2approximately10-3 S/cm at room temperature and has good mechanical strength. It does not cause industrial security and environmental protection problems because water is the major solvent in the dispersion solution.
NOVELTY - The composition includes urethane and urea components, along with a high molecular compound containing vinylidene fluoride component. A solvent which dissolves electrolyte salt, is also included.    USE - For battery used in camcorder, portable telephone, laptop computer.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has high conductivity and high thermal stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of battery.
NOVELTY - The catalyst for electrodes (3c,3e) is formed inside the fixing frame (51) which is formed on both sides of the solid polymer film (3d). A metal layer (53) for reinforcement is formed on the fixing frame (51).    ADVANTAGE - cell Increases the reinforcement strength without increasing film thickness of solid polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the solid polymer film.    Electrodes (3c,3e)    Solid polymer film (3d)    Fixing frame (51)    Metal layer (53)
NOVELTY - Single cell (14) containing separator and conductor are laminated to form stack having supply hole (9) and exhaust (10) for oxidizing agent gas. Branching path (15) from supply and exhaust hole is made larger in gross area than the flow path grooves connecting the supply hole and exhaust.    USE - For spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Provides stabilized high performance by uniform flow without increasing pressure loss by providing branching path with larger gross area than flow path groove.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solid polymeric fuel battery stack.    Supply hole (9)    Exhaust (10)    Cell (14)    Enhancing path (15)
NOVELTY - Leads (3,4) connected to respective positive and negative electrode boards that are loaded inside a case (1), are drawn outside through a notch (15) cut in sealing portion of the case. Polypropylene sheets (25) are formed within the notch by welding so that position of the drawn lead is maintained.    USE - Non-aqueous electrolyte battery e.g. lithium polymer secondary battery for portable apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Welding and fixing of polypropylene sheets within notch improves seal strength and prevents leakage of electrolyte from airtight case.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Multiple positive and negative electrodes are arranged alternatively. A separator separates the electrodes. The electrodes are arranged inside a case. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for non-aqueous electrolyte battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view and sectional view of non-aqueous electrolyte battery.    Case (1)    Leads (3,4)    Notch (15)    Polypropylene sheets (25)
NOVELTY - The thermistor (4) is bonded with silicone rubber (5). The silicone rubber is arranged in the gap between battery blocks (3). The shore hardness of silicone rubber is 70-95.    USE - For packing batteries like Ni-Cd storage battery, Ni-H storage battery, lithium-ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since battery surface temperature is correctly detected, high durability is achieved irrespective of vibration and shock.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery pack manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of battery pack.    Battery blocks (3)    Thermistor (4)    Silicone rubber (5)
NOVELTY - The method involves sealing the periphery of laminated outer cladding of electricity generation element except the portion used as injecting nozzle. The whole periphery of outer cladding is welded except in lower region where nozzles are provided. The nozzles are sealed by welding process only after injection of electrolyte.    USE - For manufacturing of thin-shaped battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since the whole periphery of outer cladding is welded prior to the welding process of injection nozzles which are welded after injection process, the sealing of outer cladding is effectively performed as a result storage property of battery is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows front elevation of thin shaped battery.
NOVELTY - A cover (3) closes the mouth of a battery case (2) containing a positive electrode (1). The cover is made up of heat release material for releasing heat generated within case during excess charging condition.    USE - For portable telephone and notebook PC.    ADVANTAGE - Heat release property material cover that releases heat of 0.3 kcal/m x hdegreesC is provided. Protects battery under overcharging state without protection unit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of secondary battery.    Positive electrode (1)    Case (2)    Cover (3)
NOVELTY - A process for cleansing, handling and coating solar panels, to regenerate the surface and improve efficiency, comprises cleaning the glass surface, washing away the dirt with water, and then running a rubber lip over the glass and drying it. The surface is cleaned using rare earth metal oxides, an abrasive, chemically neutral agent, water and Scotch Brite (RTM). Once the glass is dry, the surface is coated with Crystal Guard (RTM). Remaining residue is washed away with water.    USE - The process is used to clean and regenerate solar panels.    ADVANTAGE - The process improves the photovoltaic efficiency of the panel.
NOVELTY - Battery has: (a) a battery body comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an ion conduction layer formed between the electrodes and impregnated with an electrolyte containing an organic low molecular compound provided in the circumference part of the battery body, an absorbing substance which absorbs organic low molecular compound; and (b) a package which houses the battery body and the absorbing substance.    USE - The battery is used in lithium ion secondary cells and lithium ion primary cells. The battery is a laminated, coiled, folded or button shape.    ADVANTAGE - High stability is imparted to the battery. The possibility of abnormality such as ignition due to liquid low molecular compound seepage from the space between the cathode and anode is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a battery by:    (a) forming a battery body;    (b) arranging the absorbing material in the circumference part of the battery body and housing the battery body and the absorbing material in the package;    (c) sealing the package; and    (d) heating the package at a fixed temperature.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram is a cross-section of the battery.    Positive Electrode (1)    Positive Electrode Collector (1a)    Positive Electrode Active Material (1b)    Negative Electrode (2)    Negative Electrode Collector (2a)    Negative Electrode Active Material (2b)    Ion Conduction Layer (3)    Absorbing Substance (4)    Package (5)
NOVELTY - Charging control device for spacecraft solar array which includes solar array strings comprises a field emitter including an anode and a cathode, a first resistor coupled between the cathode of the field emitter array and a solar array common, and a second resistor coupled between the anode of the field emitter array and a solar array positive.    USE - Safe discharge of static charge buildup on sunlit space craft, such as earth orbit satellite.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents differential charging on a spacecraft leading to electrostatic discharges that can cause satellite failures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The field emitter array is mounted at a mounting location which is at least 0.5 meters from the nearest surface that is both shaded and non-conducting. The mounting location can be on a shaded backside, on a sunlit front side or on an edge of the spacecraft solar array. The area of the mounting location preferably has a width and a length of at most 5 cm.    A unit is provided for drawing power directly from solar array strings which are the last to be removed from active use in powering the spacecraft.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are provided for:    (a) a method of installing a spacecraft solar array; and    (b) a device for preventing solar power array charging in a spacecraft having a solar power array which includes at least one solar array string and a solar array common.    The device (b) comprises a housing and the charging control device. The housing comprises a conductive material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of a space craft including a solar array charging device according to an embodiment of the invention.    Spacecraft (100)    Solar array (102)    Spacecraft body (104)    Solar array charging control device (106)    Electrons (108)    Large dark surface on backside of solar array (110)    Sunlight photons (112)    Sunlit front surface of solar array (114)
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte (4) is formed between an anode and cathode. The polymer electrolyte has triazine dithio structure in its principal chain.    USE - Secondary battery including polymer electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - Since lithium ion in boundary surface of active material is exchanged smoothly, charging and discharging property is improved. Since triazine dithio structure is fire resistant compound, safety becomes high. Since triazine ring in triazine dithio structure includes sulfur, strong Van der Waals force exist. Hence strong adhesive strength is obtained. Ionic conductivity is increased by including triazine dithio structure and glycol compound in principal chain of polymer electrolyte. Thus charging and discharging property is improved. Excellent battery property and safety are provided by coating alkali metal salt on anode and cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-section of secondary battery.    Polymer electrolyte (4)
NOVELTY - The gel-like polyelectrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte which contains organic polymer having an ethylene oxide unit in the principal and/or side chain, lithium salt and an organic solvent. The organic solvent contains 0.01-8 volume% of a ring type ether selected from 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, 1,3-dioxane and 1,4-dioxane.    USE - For lithium secondary batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Gel-like polyelectrolyte has high ionic conductivity and imparts low-temperature property to lithium secondary battery.
NOVELTY - The weft yarn and glass fiber warp are knitted cylindrically and is impregnated with hardener solution for forming braiding sleeve. During string manufacturing process, weft yarn with predetermined implantation number of 24 and piled yarn with twisting of 1.0-3.0 of two separate yarn of count (100-800) is bundled and knitted.    USE - For plate of clad type lead storage battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since weft yarn of predetermined implantation number is used during string manufacturing process, the bending and buckling strength of braiding tube is increased resulting in increase in string manufacturing speed and hence reduction in production cost is achieved.
NOVELTY - The central fluororesin sheet (1) is sandwiched between pollution protection layer (4) and ultraviolet absorber layer (5) on the upper surface and metallized thin film of inorganic oxide and coating film (3) on the lower surface. The coating film includes metal alkoxide and/or its hydrolysis agent as the principal component.    USE - Solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - Raises clamproofness due to fluororesin layer. Improves endurance due to light and heat resistance by UV and pollution prevention layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery modules.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of laminated film with surface protection film for solar battery module.    Fluorine resin sheet (1)    Coating film (3)    Protection layer (4)    Ultraviolet absorber layer (5)
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte battery has an anode (1), and cathode (2) impregnated with polymer electrolyte (3). Inorganic solid electrolyte layers (1a,2a) of amorphous structure, are provided to both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte, contacting the anode and cathode at corresponding sides.    USE - Polymer electrolyte battery.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in charging and discharging cycle property. Improves ionic conductivity, since inorganic solid electrolyte layer is contacted with electrolyte, anode and cathode. Resistance of outer surface of anode, cathode and polymer electrolyte, is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional diagram of internal structure of polymer electrolyte battery.    Anode (1)    Inorganic solid electrolyte layers (1a,2a)    Cathode (2)    Polymer electrolyte (3)
NOVELTY - A thin film (2) which consists of inorganic oxide is formed on one side of a fluorine group resin sheet (1). A coating film (3) which consists of metal alkoxide compound and/or its hydrolysis substance as principal component is formed on the thin film.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Inexpensive surface protection sheet with outstanding protection capability is offered, hence a safe solar battery module is obtained. The surface protection sheet that excels in light resistance, weather resistance, damp-proofing and dirt resistance degree, is offered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fluorine group resin sheet consists of transparent fluorine group resin sheet having visualization light transmittance of 90% or more. The fluorine group resin sheet consisting of fluoride vinyl group resin or transparent fluorine group resin sheet, includes ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sketchy sectional view showing outline of lamination of surface protection sheet for solar battery module.    fluorine group resin sheet (1)    thin film (2)    coating film (3)
NOVELTY - A lithium ion polymer secondary battery (10) comprises: lamination of at least one positive- (12) and at least one negative-electrode collector foil (15) having respective active material (13, 16) on their surfaces; and a polymer electrolyte layer (17) between them.    USE - The battery is used for portable devices such as video cameras and notebook personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - The invention does not cause internal short-circuiting and has a large discharge capacity and improved characteristics after discharge-charge cycles, and exhibits high ion conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lithium ion polymer secondary battery comprises at least one positive- and at least one negative-electrode collector foil with respective active material on their surfaces; and at least one polymer electrolyte layer. The positive- and the negative-electrode collector are laminated such that the polymer electrolyte layer is between them. The side edge of the negative-electrode foil protrudes from the side edge of the negative-electrode foil and the other side of which protrudes with the other side of the positive-electrode foil. Insulating films are provided in both side edges of the electrolyte layer over the entire length.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a gelatinous polymer electrolyte interposed between positive- and negative-electrode sheet battery (11, 14). It has closed pores uniformly confined in matrix and are filled with gas(es) and optionally an electrolyte solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.    Battery (10)    Electrode sheet battery (11, 14)    Active material (13, 16)    Electrode collector foil (15)    Electrolyte layer (17)
NOVELTY - Method for treating contact leads on electrochemical cells to improve hermitic sealing where a coating of an adhesive composition is applied to an external metal tab that serves as a contact lead from the cell to a device within the cell.    USE - For treatment of contact leads on electrochemical cells.    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive film can be directly heat-sealed onto the tab surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Alternatively an aqueous suspension of the adhesive composition can be sprayed onto the tab surface, or the tab may be roll coated in the composition and then heat treated causing the adhesive to melt and flow. the coated tab is then welded to a corresponding current collector in the form of a metal foil. The complete cell assembly is heat-sealed in a final closure sealing member where the sealed tabs extend through.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows electrochemical assembly.    Cell assembly (10)    Electochemical cell (12)    Bi-cells (14)    Cell casing (16)    Upper sealing layer (16a)    Lower sealing layer (16b)    Sealing rim (17)    Polymer covers (18,18')    Metal layers (20,20')    Adhesive layers (22,22')
NOVELTY - The methanol modifier comprises front and later stage reactors (1,2) filled with high heat-resistant catalyst and high shift reaction activity catalyst, respectively.    USE - For solid polymeric-type fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The methanol is modified effectively using the modifier. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas ejected from the methanol modifier, is reduced. The increase in outlet temperature of the modifier is restrained, since the generation of heat by the shift reaction of carbon monoxide is inhibited by endogenic effect of water vapor modification of unreacted methanol in later stage reactor. The volume of carbon monoxide removal apparatus is reduced, thus providing a compact fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation of a methanol modifier. Methanol (5), water vapor (6) and air (7) are supplied to a front stage reactor comprising high heat-resistant catalyst in which a partial oxidation reaction of methanol and water vapor modification of methanol are carried out. The unreacted methanol from the front stage reactor is supplied to the later stage reactor, and water vapor modification of unreacted methanol is carried out. The amount of supply of methanol and air to the front stage reactor is controlled to an optimum value. Therefore, even when the residence time of the methanol is long, the partial oxidation reaction of methanol is not performed unless required. The generation of heat by the shift reaction of carbon monoxide (which is formed as a byproduct in the front stage reactor) in later stage reactor, is inhibited by the endogenic effect of water vapor modification reaction of unreacted methanol in later stage reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a fuel cell system with a methanol modifier.    Front and later stage reactors (1,2)    Methanol (5)    Water vapor (6)    Air (7)
NOVELTY - The polymer of a polyester (meth)acrylate is blended with a Periodic group Ia metal salt. The polyester (meth)acrylate is formed by converging at least part of a hydroxyl group possessed by a polyester polyol into a (meth)acrylic ester.    USE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte is used in a primary battery, secondary battery, or capacitor    ADVANTAGE - The macromolecular solid electrolyte is a resin material having flexibility. The use of the Periodic group Ia metal salt exhibits high conductivity and retains electrochemical stability.
NOVELTY - A laminate comprising fluorine group resin film (1), a metal alkoxide or its hydrolysis material coating (3), a thin inorganic metal oxide film (2) and a resin film (4) are formed sequentially on a base. A protection layer (6) and/or ultraviolet absorbing layer (7) is formed on the single and/or both sides of resin laminate.    USE - For solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents penetration of water, oxygen into the module, thereby degradation is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of surface protection sheet.    Fluorine group resin film (1)    Metal oxide film (2)    Hydrolysis material coating (3)    Resin film (4)    Protection layer (6)    UV absorbing layer (7)
NOVELTY - The rectangular shaped anode, electrolyte layer and cathode are layered sequentially to form a flat laminate. The corners of the laminate are bent.    USE - For manufacturing lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Increases battery volume capacity by shaping the flat laminate comprised by sequential lamination of anode, electrolyte layer and cathode, in predetermined manner. Since collector layer is fixed with active material layer by compression molding, excellent charging and discharging cyclic property is obtained. Shaping of electrodes is done accurately thereby electrode composition material is not wasted during shaping.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for lithium secondary battery.
NOVELTY - A lead protection layer (14) having an insulating layer (13) interposed between thermobonding resin layers (12a,12b), is formed on positive electrode lead (10). An outer cladding sheet (18) having resin layer (15), metal layer (16) and surface layer (17), is arranged on lead protection layer.    USE - Used as power supply for thin electronic machines.    ADVANTAGE - Enables improving reliability of the polymer lithium secondary battery, by avoiding internal short circuit.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the polymer lithium secondary battery.    Positive electrode lead (10)    Thermobonding resin layers (12a,12b)    Insulating layer (13)    Lead protection layer (14)    Resin layer (15)    Metal layer (16)    Surface layer (17)    Outer cladding sheet (18)
NOVELTY - An ion exchange film consisting of perfluoro carbon polymer is fixed to a base material. A gas diffusion electrode is joined to the ion exchange film using the adhesive solute. The base is then removed from the film.    USE - E.g. hydrogen oxygen fuel battery used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since the ion exchange film is fixed on base material by pressure application at normal temperature without heating, adhesion of electrode on film is done without generation of wrinkles, hence bonding between electrodes and film is promoted highly and smoothly, thereby high output is obtained.
NOVELTY - A rib with gas passageway is formed by coating conductive paste material on the surface of gaseous diffusion layer (5) or separator (8).    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Provides simple process and reduces working, since the separator and the rib are of thin shape, thereby reducing overall size of battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric view of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    Gaseous diffusion layer (5)    Separator (8)
NOVELTY - A nylon gasket (6) is molded by multigate system and is pressfitted in collector (5) that has 115-130% of path of pore size of hob (6a) of nylon gasket.    USE - Alkaline cell.    ADVANTAGE - The gasket ensures leak free operation of cell for a long period.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of alkaline cell.    Collector (5)    Nylon gasket (6)    Hob (6a)
NOVELTY - A photovoltaic device (2) contains an ionic conducting material (8) as solid state electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The ionic conducting material provides good energy conversion efficiency, stability and requires little or no sealing. Conversion efficiency of the device is improved when NPF is dye sensitized. The conductivity of ionic material is enhanced by adding electronic hole transporting components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of photovoltaic device which involves forming a porous nanocrystalline particle (4) film with which an ionic conducting material is intercalated so that the conducting material film serves as solid state electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows photovoltaic device.    Photovoltaic device (2)    Nanocrystalline particles (4)    Dye layer (6)    Ionic conducting material (8)    Glass plate (10)    Thin oxide films (12,14)
NOVELTY - Production of a composite ion exchange membrane comprises fabricating a layered membrane precursor comprising a microporous support, hydrolyzing the membrane precursor, impregnating the microporous support with a dispersion of highly fluorinated sulfonate polymer or precursor in a liquid medium, removing the medium, and heating the highly fluorinated sulfonate polymer to coalesce.    USE - For making a composite ion exchange membrane useful in electrochemical processes, chloralkali electrolysis, facilitated transport, diffusion dialysis, electrodialysis, pervaporation, vapor permeation separations, as a physical separator, as an electrolyte, and as fuel cell for producing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The method can be adapted to a large scale manufacturing processes where processing speed is of high importance, e.g. continuous processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Production of a composite ion exchange membrane comprises:    (i) fabricating a layered membrane precursor comprising a microporous support of highly fluorinated non-ionic polymer adhered to a highly fluorinated sulfonyl halide polymer layer;    (ii) hydrolyzing the layered membrane precursor to convert high fluorinated sulfonyl halide polymer to highly fluorinated sulfonate polymer;    (iii) impregnating the microporous support with a dispersion of highly fluorinated sulfonate polymer or precursor in a polar liquid medium;    (iv) removing the polar liquid medium; and    (v) heating to coalesce the highly fluorinated sulfonate polymer in the support.    The highly fluorinated sulfonate polymer layer is contacted with a dry gas during impregnating of the microporous support with the dispersion to cause at least partial removal of the polar liquid medium by passage though the layer. The removal of the polar liquid medium through the highly fluorinated sulfonated polymer layer assists the impregnating of the dispersion into the porous layer.
NOVELTY - The tube (1a) is fitted in the wall panel (6) of building. A polyethylene flexible tube (2) is inserted into the fitted tube to connect the solar energy collector (3) and the heat storage tank (4), so that fluid is circulated between them.    USE - For solar heat collection piping structure.    ADVANTAGE - As the solar heat collection piping is concealed in the building wall panel, it does not ruins the external appearance of the building and reduces heat radiation from piping. As flexible tube is just inserted into the piping, maintenance of the piping is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for construction technique of solar heat collection piping structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the building with solar heat collection piping structure.    Tubes (1a,2)    Solar energy collector (3)    Heat storage tank (4)    Wall panel (6)
NOVELTY - A composition for an electrolyte contains a crosslinked polymer obtained by reacting a high-molecular compound with a bifunctional or more-electrophilic agent.    USE - The composition is used for the electrolyte and finds its application in the opto-electric conversion element for use in the opto-electrochemical battery.    ADVANTAGE - The composition has superior durability and charge-transport capability. The opto-electric conversion element and the opto-electrochemical battery have superior opto-electric conversion characteristics, and less deterioration in aged characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The high-molecular compound of formula (I) is new.    R1 = H, or 1-4C alkyl;    L = divalent linkage group;    Z = nitrogen-containing heterocycle;    E = group derived from compound containing ethylenically unsaturated group;    x, y = weight composition ratio of repeating group; x = 5-10 percent by weight; y = 0-95 percent by weight.
NOVELTY - A solar cell module is provided with a porous incombustible member having a structural strength between a photovoltaic element and a back face member of the cell.    USE - For use in solar cell power generating system.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is moisture proof, highly reliable, and light weight. Even when the solar cell module is burned, the photovoltaic element and surface member are not dropped out on a sheating roof board. It can be readily produced at a good yield and is reasonable in price.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell module (100) has an outermost surface and a most back face. The outermost surface has a surface member (103) on the light receiving face side of the solar cell module, while the most back face includes a back face member (105) on the non-light receiving face side of the module. A photovoltaic element (101) is provided between the surface member and the back face member. The solar cell module is also provided with a porous incombustible member (104) having a structural strength between the photovoltaic element and the back face member. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a solar cell-bearing roof containing a solar cell module fixed to a sheating roof board, and (B) a solar cell power generation system comprising a solar cell module and a power conversion device connected to the solar cell module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell module.    Solar cell module (100)    Photovoltaic element (101)    Organic polymer resin (102)    Surface member (103)    Porous incombustible member (104)    Back face member (105)    Frame member (106)
NOVELTY - The impregnation of porous carbonaceous part with an impregnant comprising a methacrylate, comprises curing the impregnant in the carbonaceous part in a curing atmosphere at a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure.    USE - The method is used for impregnating thin carbonaceous components of flexible graphite for use in solid polymer fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Distortion or blistering of impregnated porous carbonaceous parts is prevented by performing curing at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. An oxygen-free atmosphere provides shorter curing periods.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the methacrylate impregnated carbonaceous part which comprises a porous carbonaceous part within which cured methacrylate impregnant is contained.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte type fuel battery comprises a stack of multiple unit cells laminated and pressed together via retainers, wherein the unit cell comprises a polymer electrolyte film sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and the electrode itself is sandwiched between conductive separator plates having gas supplying circuits on at lease one side of the plate. The retainer plates provide gaps between the unit cells. The unit cell(s) can form releasable battery modules.    USE - The battery can be utilized for domestic purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has improved corrosion resistance and lower contact resistance. The defective modules can be exchanged without complex procedures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included as a method of using the battery by attaching voltage measuring and voltage displaying devices with the battery. When a unit cell(s) is measured to have a voltage lower than that of regulated, the cell module(s) can be exchanged.
NOVELTY - In a lithium battery consisting of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte, an electrolyte uses a copolymer as its base material and consists of a high polymer electrolyte containing a solution consisting of a lithium salt solute, and a solvent capable of dissolving the lithium salt.    USE - The high polymer electrolyte is used in the lithium ion secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the porous polymer easily impregnates an electrolytic solution. Crosslinking the vinylidene fluoride copolymer having a chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom in a molecule yields the solid high polymer electrolyte having high ion conductivity, superior mechanical strength, electrolytic solution retention stability at high temperatures. The lithium ion secondary battery has high conductivity, superior safety, and no liquid leakage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The copolymer is obtained by crosslinking a halogen-containing copolymer, by using a fluorine-containing diol compound of formula (I) or formula (II) as a crosslinking agent, and by using an aliphatic primary diamine compound as a crosslinking catalyst.    n = integer of 2-20;    R = CF3, C2F5, or C3F8.
NOVELTY - A macromolecular solid electrolyte-forming material contains an electrolyte, and a (poly)alkylene glycol derivative having at least one maleimide group in a molecule.    USE - For a lithium ion battery, lithium metal battery, electric double layer capacitor, electroluminescent display, solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of no photopolymerization initiator decreases no charge discharge capacity in the macromolecular solid electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of hardening the macromolecular solid electrolyte-forming material, which comprises:    (a) irradiating the macromolecular solid electrolyte-forming material with an active energy beam in the absence of a photopolymerization initiator; and    (b) polymerizing the macromolecular solid electrolyte-forming material.    The active energy beam is an ultraviolet ray.
NOVELTY - A non aqueous electrolytic solution contains a lithium compound as an electrolyte, and silicone oil, a fluorine-based nonionic surface active material having a fluoroalkyl group, and propylene carbonate.    USE - The non aqueous electrolytic solution is used in the secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Decrease in discharge at high temperatures and low temperatures caused by a reaction of the carbon material with the non aqueous solvent in the non aqueous electrolytic solution is prevented. The development of a decomposed gas caused by the use of the non aqueous solvent is depressed, preventing the battery from swelling. A uniform coating as deep as the fine surface portion of the negative electrode is formed. The discharge characteristics at low temperatures and high temperatures in the secondary battery are enhanced by using the silicone oil and the nonionic surface active material. The discharge characteristics at low temperatures and high temperatures in the secondary battery are enhanced by using the propylene carbonate. Solvents liable to decomposition for the negative electrode consisting of the carbon material can be used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The non aqueous electrolytic solution is used for a secondary battery having a negative electrode consisting of a graphite-based carbon material capable of doping and dedoping lithium and having a correlation distance between carbon-carbon of 3.4 angstroms or less.
NOVELTY - A polymer for a binder consists of a polyester amide-based oligomer, 100 parts by weight, and a diisocyanate, 5-50 parts by weight.    USE - The method produces the binder for a secondary battery using a non aqueous electrolyte which is used for power supply for portable electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - No precipitation results in mixing the binder with an active material. No cracks are formed in coating of an electrode. The binder exhibits superior adhesive strength to metal foil. No variation in the viscosity of the solution is observed after long-term service. No adverse effect is exerted on coating in producing the battery. The battery has high capacity, superior charge-discharge characteristics, and high retention in capacity in long-term repeating service.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polyester amide-based oligomer uses a dicarboxylic acid, a diol, and a polyamide as its constituents, and contains two or more functional groups selected from a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a hydoxyl group in a molecular chain. The polyamide has a reduction viscosity measured in a 1 g/dl 98%-sulfuric acid at 20 degrees C of 0.5-7 dl/g. The dicarboxylic acid is of formula (1). The diol is of formula (2). The diisocyanate is of formula (3) or formula (4).    R1 = 2-8C alkylene;    R2 = 2-6C alkylene;    R3 = 2-15C alkylene, or phenylene.    The production of the binder comprises: (a) heating at 140-180 degrees C for 1-3 hours the polymer and dispersing the polymer into N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone;    (b) dissolving the polymer;    (c) decreasing the temperature at 2-10 degrees C/hour with the polymer stirring; and    (d) cooling the polymer.
NOVELTY - A multilayer battery jar has a multilayer structure consisting of a skin layer and a core layer. The skin layer consists of a non recyclable resin. The core layer consists of recyclable resin.    USE - The multilayer battery jar is used in a sealed secondary battery for use in an electric car. The sealed secondary batter includes a lead storage battery, an alkaline battery, or a lithium ion battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the non recyclable resin for the skin layer provides the battery jar with good strength, chemical resistance, and external appearance. The use of the alloy resin composition exhibits good resistance to an organic electrolyte in the lithium ion secondary battery, an alkaline aqueous solution, including potassium hydroxide in the nickel hydrogen secondary battery, and sulfuric acid in the lead secondary battery.
NOVELTY - Fuel is reformed and passed through a carbon monoxide remover to form a hydrogen-rich gas. When the capacity to produce reformed gas for a fuel battery system is judged, a reference maximum output of the fuel reforming system is taken as the system criteria maximum reforming capacity. Two or more series and parallel reformers of smaller capacity (than the criteria maximum capacity) are arranged in the fuel reforming system.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymeric-type fuel battery system enables large load tracking for a comparatively big load fluctuation, in a short time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel, e.g. hydrocarbon or alcohol, is steam reformed in a modifier (3) and passed through a carbon monoxide transformer (4) and carbon monoxide remover (5) to form a hydrogen rich gas. The reformed gas is passed to a solid polymeric fuel battery (1) for power generation. When the reforming capability to produce reformed gas required by a solid polymeric type fuel battery system (100) is judged, a reference standard maximum output of a fuel reformer system (200) is taken as system criteria maximum reforming capability. Two or more series or parallel reformers of smaller capacity (to the system criteria maximum reforming capacity for the solid polymeric fuel battery), are arranged in the fuel reforming system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the solid polymeric fuel battery system.    Solid polymeric type fuel battery (1)    Desulfurizer (2)    Modifier (3)    CO transformer (4)    CO removal device (5)    Fuel reforming system controller (6)    Solid polymeric type fuel battery system (100)    Fuel reformer system (200)
NOVELTY - Organic solid electrolyte material consists of a siloxy aluminate oligomer (I).    USE - For preparation of organic solid electrolyte used in primary and secondary batteries, an electrochromic display, electrochemical sensor and capacitor.    ADVANTAGE - Organic solid electrolyte has excellent ionic conductivity and workability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Organic solid electrolyte material consists of a siloxy aluminate oligomer (I)    R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, R-5, R-6, R-7, R-8, R-9, R-10, R-11, R-12 = phenyl, aralkyl or 1-6C alkyl;    A-1, A-2, A-3, R-4 = 2-4C alkylene;    m = 1-6;    p,q,r,s = 2-30    . An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the organic solid electrolyte 10-200 weight parts (wt.pts) of organic electrolyte is present per 100 wt.pts of organic solid electrolyte material.
NOVELTY - The anode sheet (1) and the cathode sheet (3) are laminated via polymer electrolyte sheet (2). After lamination, polymeric carrier film (21) is made to melt so that positive electrode sheet and negative electrode sheet are arbitrarily covered and supported.    USE - For electronic device and domestic electric appliance.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the reduction of battery capacity and improves charging and discharging cycle property of the battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the battery manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of the battery.    anode sheet (1)    polymer electrolyte sheet (2)    cathode sheet (3)    polymeric carrier (21)
NOVELTY - The electrode catalyst of gas diffusion electrode, includes 10-50 wt.% of platinum or its alloy distributed in carbon support. The microcrystal of the catalyst has surface area of 70-800 m2/g and mean spacing of lattice plane d(002) is 0.337-0.348 nm and plane LC(002) is 3-18 nm.    USE - Used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The gas diffusion electrode has excellent water repellent and corrosion resistant properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte of the battery includes ion exchange resin. The carbon support of the electrode catalyst is formed by heating carbon black or activated carbon at 1,800-2,500 degreesC.
NOVELTY - The separator has cation exchange group with exchange capacity about 0.1-4 meq/g. The atomic ratio of oxygen measured using fluorescent X-ray analysis apparatus (XRF), and carbon is found to be 0.01-0.3.    USE - Electronic device.    ADVANTAGE - Has high O/C ratio and has Mn ion rejection in electrolytic solution. Since separator can catch Mn ion eluted in electrolyte, Mn precipitate to cathode is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cation exchange group has polyolefin fiber mixture. The cation exchange group is hydroxyl, carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid group.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module has, in outward sequence, transparent insulating substrate (1) with two surfaces; transparent electrode layer (2); photo semiconductor layer (3); back electrode layer (4); and rough surface textured anti-glare film (10) on the second surface where light enters. The film includes (in)organic material binder (20) and (in)organic material particles (30).    USE - Solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Module reduces or prevents public nuisance caused by light reflection on the light entering side with a more uniform tone.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the above solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-section of the solar battery module.    Transparent insulating substrate (1)    Transparent electrode layer (2)    Photo semiconductor layer (3)    Back electrode layer (4)    Filler resin (6)    Back cover (7)    Anti-glare film (10)    Material binder (20)    Material particles (30)    Surfactant film (40)    Dirt preventing film (50)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes cooling water circulating path (5) and a heat exchanger (10). Water inlet of the heating path (10a) and filling port at the lower part of the tank (13) supply water to storage tank from outside of the system. A water outlet of the heating path and a hot water supply port supply water from tank to external hot water supply load at the upper part of the tank.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell with cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - The cogeneration system can provide water at high temperature very quickly after the system is started and also has a large hot water supply load.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes generating unit and inverter to convert DC output from fuel cell into AC. Cooling water circulating path recovers heat generated by the fuel cell and a heat exchanger transfers heat from cooling water to a water storage tank. Water inlet of the heating path and filling port at the lower part of the tank supply water to storage tank from outside of the system. A water outlet of the heating path and a hot water supply port supply water from tank to external hot water supply load at the upper part of the tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the generating system.    Cooling water path (5)    Heat exchanger (10)    Heating path (10a)    Water storage tank (13)    Thermistor (14)
NOVELTY - A solar cell back cover material (1) is formed by laminating a skin film (3) and a moisture-proof film (2) with an EVA adhesive (4). The moisture-proof film (2) is prepared by forming an inorganic oxide coating film on the front surface of a base material film.    USE - Solar cell back cover material is used as a rear-surface-side protection member in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell back cover material and solar cell back cover material/sealing film are lightweight and thin, excellent in moisture-proof ability and durability, have high insulating performance, are free from leaked current, and have a high-durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell back cover material/sealing film is formed by laminating the back cover material (1) and an EVA film (6). A solar cell (10) is formed by sealing solar cell elements (7) between a front-surface-side transparent protection member (8) and a rear-surface-side protection member consisting of the solar cell back cover material (1).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a solar cell back cover material.    Solar cell back cover material (1)    Moisture-proof film (2)    Skin film (3)    EVA adhesive (4)    EVA film (6)    Solar cell elements (7)    Transparent protection member (8)    Solar cell (10)
NOVELTY - A reaction mixture comprising water, an aniline monomer, a protonic acid, an oxidizing agent and a layered silicate is obtained. The mixture is subjected to oxidative polymerization, to form a nanocomposite having layered silicate dispersed in a polymeric matrix of polyaniline. The conductivity of the nanocomposite is 0.1 S/cm.    USE - The nanocomposite is used for batteries, displays, optics, sensors, light emitting diodes and in the aeronautical industry.    ADVANTAGE - A highly conductive polymeric nanocomposite containing layered silicate is obtained. Stiffness, strength and heat resistance of the nanocomposite are enhanced. Moisture absorption, flammability and permeability of the nanocomposite are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reaction mixture comprising water, an aniline monomer, a protonic acid, an oxidizing agent and a layered silicate is obtained. The silicate is subjected to an acid treatment or is intercalated with polyethylene glycol. The reaction mixture is subjected to oxidative polymerization, to form a nanocomposite having layered silicate dispersed in a polymeric matrix of polyaniline. The conductivity of the nanocomposite is 0.1 S/cm.
NOVELTY - A solid polymer electrolyte has a concentration gradient and contains ionic conductive high molecular compound.    USE - For electrochemical devices (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte has very low interfacial resistance. An electro chemical device with excellent toughness and mechanical strength is offered. Productivity and operativity are improved. Excellent oxidation reduction properties, charging and discharging property, temperature dependency, thinning, laminate formation, package simplification and weight reduction are attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) manufacture of solid polymer electrolyte which involves electrolytic polymerization of a polymerizable monomer and (ii) electrochemical device using solid polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - The system for producing area heating installations, in particular, floor heating installations comprises a foil for laying on a heat insulating base, at least one holding grid (12) with an array of clamping elements (10) which are connected with one another by bridging elements (14), and serve for clamping a pipe (18) conducting a heating medium. The grid (12) laid on the foil is joined to the latter, in particular, by welding or glueing.    USE - For production of floor heating installations.    ADVANTAGE - Area heating installations can be produced in a simpler, quicker and more cost-effective manner than by known corresponding systems.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the proposed system for production of area heating installations.    Clamping elements (10)    Holding grid (12)    Bridging elements (14)    Pipe with heating medium (18)    Connector pieces (20)
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte has a structure where an organic electrolyte is held in an organic polymer where the polymer electrolyte has the structures where (i) the backbone of the organic polymer has a crosslinked structure, (ii) the organic polymer has a finely porous structure and (iii) the organic electrolyte is held in the backbone of the organic polymer by swelling and in the fine pores.    USE - The polymer is used in batteries such as lithium cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity and can retain a stable structure over a long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) the manufacture of the polymer electrolyte by dissolving monomers having polymerizable functional groups in the molecule in an organic electrolyte liquid to form a monomer solution, forming a crosslinked organic polymer by polymerizing the monomer in the monomer solution and simultaneously impregnating the electrolyte in the organic polymer where the monomer is used which has the property (a) of affinity to the solution of the organic electrolyte or the mixture is used of monomer having the property (a) and the monomer having the property (b) of the solubility to the organic solvent of the organic electrolyte being decreased during polymerisation; (2) the polymer electrolyte battery using the polymer electrolyte; (3) the manufacture of the polymer electrolyte battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a cross-section of the lithium cell.    Positive Electrode Compound (1)    Negative Electrode Compound (2)    Positive Electrode Collector (3)    Negative Electrode Collector (4)    Separator (5)    Composite Film (6)    Electrode Group (7)    Positive Electrode (10)    Negative Electrode (20)
NOVELTY - A method of producing a cross-linked polymer solid electrolyte comprises: admixing a source blocked grafted copolymer consisting of three kinds of blocked polymer chains, a reactive polyalkylene oxide, and inorganic lithium salt; and cross-linking the reactive polyalkylene oxide.    USE - The electrolyte is used for primary or secondary batteries, especially large scale rechargeable lithium batteries for electric vehicles or local power stations which are operated at high temperature.    ADVANTAGE - A solid polymer electrolyte having higher film strength, ionic conductivity, and processability to films can be obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of producing a cross-linked polymer solid electrolyte comprises:    (a) admixing a source blocked grafted copolymer consisting of three kinds of blocked polymer chains, A of formula (I), B of formula (II), and C of formula (III), a reactive polyalkylene oxide of formula (IV), and inorganic lithium salt; and cross-linking the reactive polyalkylene oxide. The number average molecular weight of the grafted chain of formula (V) is 45-4,400.    R1, R4, R9 = H, methyl, or ethyl group;    R2, R5, R6 = H or methyl group;    R3 = alkyl, aryl, acryl, silyl, or cyanoalkyl group;    n = integer of 1-100;    M = -CH=CH2, - C(CH3)=CH2, -COOCH3, -COOC2H5, or phenyl group;    R10 to R12 = methyl or ethyl group;    R7 = H2C=CHCO-, H2C=C(CH3)CO-, vinyl, allyl, epoxide, alkyl up to 25 carbon atoms, or phenyl group;    R8 = ethylene oxide or tetramethylene oxide;    k, m = integer of 0-25;    X = -PhC(CH3)2PhO- or single bonding;    Ph = phenylene group.
NOVELTY - A lithium secondary battery has a positive electrode, a macromolecular electrolyte-containing electrolytic solution, and a negative electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The nonionic macromolecular surface active agent reduces no transference number of a lithium ion and exerts good compatibility with the base macromolecule and produces less phase separation. The resulting lithium secondary battery has high discharge capacity, and superior charge-discharge cycling characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The macromolecular electrolyte uses a complex macromolecule formed by mixing a nonionic macromolecular surface active agent having an polyoxyethylene chain and a polyoxypropylene chain with a base macromolecule with a weight ratio of 0.1-30%.
NOVELTY - A solid high polymer electrolyte consists of a perfluorosulfonic acid film.    USE - A proton conductive fuel cell is used in an electric car, household thermoelectricity supply.    ADVANTAGE - The perfluorosulfonic acid film has 3 units of CF2 at its side chain. The result produces a proton conductive fuel cell having high energy efficiency at lower costs. A cell is easily assembled and retains its performance for a long period of time. The imide acid structure of the crosslinking high polymer electrolyte has a two-unit structure. The result provides the imide acid with high acid strength, and decreases internal electrical resistance by decreasing over-voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The perfluorosulfonic acid film is formed of repeating units of (A) and (B) of formula (I).    The ratio of the repeating unit (A) to the repeating unit (B), (A)/(B), is 1.5-10.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical element uses a nonionic macromolecule, an ion or its derivative, and a gel or a solid ion conductor containing at least a cation different from the ion or its derivative as a concurrent ion. The conductor contains imidazolium cations.    USE - The electrochemical element is used for power supply in non-aqueous secondary battery in electronic devices. The non-aqueous secondary battery has electrodes for absorbing and releasing lithium ions, and the electrochemical element between the electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical element has high energy density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical element uses a nonionic macromolecule, an ion or its derivative, and a gel or a solid ion conductor containing at least a cation different from the ion or its derivative as a concurrent ion. The ion contains a structure of formula (1).    R1, R2 = group directly bonding C to N.
NOVELTY - A protective sheet for a solar battery module has a layer consisting of an optionally hydrogenated cyclic olefin-based ring-opening polymer.    USE - The protective sheet is used in the solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the ring-opening polymer or its hydrogenated product yields superior weather resistance and damp-proofing. The use of the norbornene structure having the bond unit of the norbornene-based monomer further enhances the weather resistance and the damp-proofing.
NOVELTY - Porous film is formed from a polymer composition containing (a) a polymer having C=C double bonds in the main chain and a 5-10C aliphatic ring, and (b) another resin.    USE - The porous film is used as a separator used in batteries for electrical vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The films have good porosity, gas permeability and piercing strength, and have excellent latent heat resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) the manufacture of a porous film by heat processing the porous film in the presence of oxygen; (B) a separator for a battery formed from the porous film; and (C) a battery using the separator.
NOVELTY - A transparent electro conductive film contains a crystallized transparent conductive layer containing a mixture of indium oxide and stannic acid compound coated on a transparent substrate, is obtained by reactant ion plating method.    USE - For liquid crystal display devices and also in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The high quality transparent conductive film showed excellent electro conductivity. The process efficiently produced crystallized indium titanium oxide transparent conductive layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the transparent conductive film involves mixing indium oxide and stannic acid compound on the film substrate by reactant ion plating method which uses a pressure gradient type plasma mold in the plasma generation unit.
NOVELTY - An adhesive tape has base material consisting of synthetic paper of an aromatic polyamide fiber, non-woven fabric, a cloth or a knitted fabric. The adhesive layer consisting of a silicone group adhesive mass is provided to one side of the base material and release layer containing fluororesin or a fluoride silicone resin is provided to other side of the base material.    USE - For batteries such as lithium primary battery where the tape is fixed on electrode plate of the batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The adhesive tape has favorable peelability and heat-resistant property. Elution of mold releasing agents is prevented at the time of usage of adhesive tape.
NOVELTY - A metallic material is reclaimed from an article that includes a non-metallic friable substrate by utilizing a precipitation agent to precipitate the metallic material from an etchant effluent.    USE - For reclaiming metallic materials from an article having a non-metallic friable substrate, e.g., solar cells, glass mirror, and/or plasma flat panel display.    ADVANTAGE - The invention easily and inexpensively reclaims metallic materials from the article.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reclamation of a metallic material from an article that includes a non-metallic friable substrate comprises (a) crushing the article into pieces; (b) dissolving the pieces in an acidic solution to form an etchant effluent; (c) separating the etchant effluent from the friable substrate; (d) adding a precipitation agent to the etchant solution to precipitate the metallic material; and (e) recovering the metallic material. The article is a glass mirror having a glass substrate, silver, and leaded paint.
NOVELTY - A method of operating a polymer electrolytic fuel cell, wherein its operating condition is regulated for an optimal one which is represented by a function of a gas flow rate and the difference between a saturated steam pressure and an actual steam pressure, by regulating an in-plane temperature distribution obtained by a cooling water flow direction and by the regulations of a cooling water inlet temperature and a cooling water flow rate, a gas supply amount, and a supplied moisture amount, and a current density, the method resolving conventional problems with a polymer electrolytic fuel cell that a performance distribution occurs in a single plane of a cell and a stable operation is difficult when a performance distribution is significant.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A functionally improved battery includes an electronic chip device integrally formed within a flexible thin layer open liquid state electrochemical cell.    USE - The battery is used as a primary or rechargeable power supply for various miniaturized and portable electrically powered devices of, e.g. compact design, short use, or disposable nature. It can also be used in smart cards and personal medical telemetry applications.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has longer useful life with a direct current output which is more nearly constant over time. Regulation of the power output by electronic chip device makes the battery less prone to deviations in voltage from temperature changes or aging of the battery. This makes the battery uniquely suited to use in smart cards and personal medical telemetry applications. It is also capable of converting an output of the battery from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) by virtue of electronic chip device, which may contain an AC/DC transformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The functionally improved battery includes a flexible thin layer open liquid state electrochemical cell (10) and an electronic chip device (60) integrally formed within the electrochemical cell. The cell includes a first layer of insoluble negative pole (14), a second layer of insoluble positive pole (16), and a third layer of aqueous electrolyte (12). The third layer is disposed between the first and second layers. The third layer includes a deliquescent material for keeping the cell wet, an electroactive soluble material for ionic conductivity, and a water-soluble polymer for viscosity. The viscosity adheres the first and second layer to the third layer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) an electrical power supply comprising two functionally improved batteries connected in a head to tail orientation in a bipolar-connection, and (B) a method of making a functionally improved battery.
NOVELTY - The photovoltaic generator comprises a photovoltaic cell included in a transparent matrix having a dichroic filter on its entry surface and a reflective coating on its opposite surface.    USE - As a photovoltaic generator provided with light cascades.    ADVANTAGE - The photovoltaic generator has an efficiency of about eleven times greater than that of similar conventional generators, while being compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photovoltaic generator has one or more photovoltaic cells contained in a transparent matrix comprising an optically active material which has an absorption wavelength (lambda a) corresponding to a lower cell sensitivity range than its re-emission wavelength (lambda r), the matrix having, on its entry surface, a dichroic filter which reflects wavelengths of greater than 950 nm and which is transparent to wavelengths less than 950 nm and, on its opposite surface, a coating which reflects wavelengths of greater than 400 nm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of a photovoltaic generator.    Transparent matrix (1)    Entry surface (2)    Reflector coated opposite surface (3)    Reflector coated side surfaces (4, 5, 6)    Photovoltaic cells (7)
NOVELTY - A regenerative photoelectrochemical (RPEC) device is manufactured in a production line by dispensing a protective film in a continuous sheet; attaching a substrate to the protective film; and transporting the substrate along the production line using the protective film.    USE - For manufacturing regenerative photoelectrochemical devices.    ADVANTAGE - Absorption of dye on the predetermined areas of the substrate is prevented.
NOVELTY - An assembly comprises a bipolar plate having a graphite portion, cloth portion, and gasket (11) that aids in attaching the cloth into the graphite.    USE - The assembly is used in fuel cell, fuel stack, or battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The cell stacking density of ionomer membrane fuels is increased. The graphite plate and gaskets prevent cross mixing of the reactant gases in the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a gasket comprising a rigid main body, port channels (16, 17, 18, 19), and compressible material positioned on the gasket main body;    (b) a fuel cell comprising the assembly;    (c) a fuel stack comprising the assembly;    (d) a battery comprising the assembly; and    (e) a method for preventing gas cross-mixing in a fuel cell comprising providing a bipolar plate that defines one or more manifolds (12, 13, 14, 15) for gas flow; and overlaying a gasket on the bipolar plate. The gasket defines manifolds for gas flow and it further comprises a compressible portion that seals the gasket to the plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a top plan view of the port channel side of a four slot gasket.    Gasket (11)    Manifolds (12, 13, 14, 15)    Port channels (16, 17, 18, 19)
NOVELTY - A polyurethane polymer compound is prepared by reacting: (a) all or part of the residual isocyanate in a polyurethane compound obtained by reacting excess isocyanate with a polyol compound; with (b) the hydroxyl gps. of an alcohol containing a substituent gp. having a large dipole moment, so that the substituent gp. bonds to the polyurethane compound via an NHCOO bond.    USE - For binder resins (claimed) for ion-conductive polymer electrolyte compositions (claimed) for secondary cells (claimed), such as film cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer compound has a high dielectric constant, can dissolve high concentrations of ion-conductive salts, and has high adhesion, so that the electrodes and electrolyte are in good contact and exhibit as high an interface impedance as an electrolyte solution. The composition has high ionic strength.
NOVELTY - A wire mesh is positioned on one side of a housing (20) in which a filter element (18) is placed. The frame units (28) of the frame are formed, on which filter media and mesh are attached. Fastening units (34,36) has pleats (24) of filter media which are drawn around the frame elements and secured to each other to attach the filter to the frame.    USE - For heating ventilating and air conditioning systems.    ADVANTAGE - The filter is fabricated on site as per requirement basis and in custom size by providing a positive seal, eliminating the reliance on cardboard for rigidity which reduces maintenance, improves equipment performance, fosters good customer relations and assists in conserving variable forest resources.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The filter has pleated and non-pleated areas. The frame comprises metal and plastic. The fastening unit has staples and adhesive tape for fastening the frame to the fastening unit. The staples are coated with epoxy to resist rusting. The filter has a skirt extending beyond wire mesh on the top edge and bottom edge of filter media. The housing has channels (30) in which the skirt is slidably positioned.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the on-site fabricated filter element, exploded view of filter attached to frame.    Filter element (18)    Housing (20)    Pleats (24)    Frame (28)    Channel (30)    Fastening units (34,36)
NOVELTY - A steady state thermoelectric cell includes an electrolyte permeable material (7) plug positioned in electrolyte conduits (3), and a reservoir (8) containing solid metal salt which is in contact with an electrolyte solution of a hot half-cell(s) (2). The electrolyte conduit forms an internal circuit of the thermoelectric cell.    USE - For direct conversion of thermal energy into electric current.    ADVANTAGE - The thermoelectric cells provide improved performance due to the controlled cross sectional area of the internal circuit, contact of the solid metallic salt reservoirs with the electrolyte thus maintaining saturation of the cell electrolyte, and increased electrode surface area for the hot cell reaction. The electrolyte permeable material plug and the metal salt reservoir enhance the power generating capability of the total cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A steady state thermoelectric cell comprises at least one hot half-cell and a cold (4) half-cell, metal electrodes for each half-cell in contact with a saturated metal salt aqueous electrolyte, electrolyte conduit(s) between each hot and cold half-cells, an electrolyte permeable material plug positioned in the conduits, and a reservoir containing solid metal salt. The electrolyte of the metal salt is in liquid contact with the saturated liquid electrolyte. The electrolyte conduit forms the internal circuit of the thermoelectric cell. The metal salt is a salt of the electrode metal. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of constructing a thermoelectric cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a representation of combine permeable inserts and a salt reservoir in an O type thermocell.    Hot half-cell (2)    Conduit (3)    Cold half-cell (4)    Wire (5)    Electrolyte permeable material (7)    Reservoir (8)
NOVELTY - An assembled lead acid battery comprises one or more positive plates, negative plates, separators and sulfuric acid electrolyte. The electrolyte includes suitable amount of fluoro aliphatic surfactant selected from fluorinated alkyl quaternary ammonium chlorides, fluorinated alkyl alkoxylates and porosity enhancing additives selected from porous inorganic oxides or polyolefins.    USE - As battery.    ADVANTAGE - A new battery element which inhibits detrimental effect of solid metal impurity on negative plate is obtained. Utilization efficiency of active material in lead acid battery is improved. The additives improve overall wettability and efficiency of organic polymers having functional groups with preferential affinity for metal impurities.
NOVELTY - Membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) (210) and distribution plates (220) are piled alternately, as a stack (200), so that fuel and oxidant distribution channel sides of distribution plates are in contact with MEA anode and cathode of membrane electrode assembly, respectively. Fuel and oxidant input units are connected to fuel and oxidant distribution channels of distribution plates, respectively.    USE - Hydrogen fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates need for separate gasket, expensive fragile graphite bipolar plates, screens, spacers, adhesives. Simplifies design, thus reduces cost and provides high capacity, low mass fuel cell with higher power density. As distribution plates serve as heat exchangers, need for separate heat exchanger is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Each MEA comprises solid polymer electrolyte membrane arranged between and in intimate contact with anode and cathode. Each double sided single piece distribution plate, distributes fuel to MEAs. Distribution plates have good electrical, thermal conductors and are gas impermeable.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded isometric view of fuel cell.    Stack (200)    Membrane electrode assemblies (210)    Distribution plates (220)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte contains a compound having at least one ether bond and at least two cyanoethyl groups.    USE - The electrolyte is used in the opto-electric conversion device and the opto-electro-chemical battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the electrolyte provides the opto-electro-chemical battery with superior opto-electric conversion characteristics, durability, and less aged deterioration in characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The compound of formula NC-CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2-CN (I) or (NC-CH2CH2O)n-L (II) is new:    L = n-valent alcohol residue;    n = 2 or more.
NOVELTY - A rechargeable battery cell is made by bonding polymeric laminates of positive (33) and negative (37) electrode elements to opposite surfaces of a polymeric laminate separator element (35), and cutting at 30-60degrees from a perpendicular axis to a planar major surface to form an angled edge (32).    USE - For making a rechargeable electrolytic battery cell (claimed), e.g. lithium-ion intercalation cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has significant savings in time and materials with increased cell efficiencies and capacities; provides economical use of a master laminate body by avoiding problems of cell element damage and deformation resulting from punch-cutting; enables direct formation of inter-electrode separator edge material; and avoids ion bypass and metallic lithium plating during cell recharge cycling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of a rechargeable battery cell comprises bonding positive and negative electrode elements to opposite surfaces of a flexible, polymeric matrix film separator element to form a unitary multi-layer, planar battery cell structure with a flat profile and opposed planar major surfaces; and cutting the cell at 30-60degrees from the perpendicular axis to the planar major surfaces to form an angled edge. The electrode elements include a flexible, polymeric matrix positive or negative electrode film; and a positive or negative current collector, respectively. The edges of the elements lie at a common plane.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional elevation representation of a laminated lithium-ion battery cell structure.    Grid (31, 39)    Angled cell edge surface (32)    Positive electrode element (33)    Separator element (35)    Negative electrode element (37)
NOVELTY - According to invention, chemically active material and electrodes made of different metals and dipped in mentioned material are used for electric power generation. Chemically active materials used for the purpose are polymeric organometallic compounds of tantalum or niobium, or their copolymers incorporating tantalum, niobium, oxygen, carbon, and chlorine which are placed in hermetically sealed steel vessel and heated to temperature higher than point of polymeric compound disintegration into separate monomers; electrodes are essentially thermocouples whose hot junctions are dipped in molten organometallic material and cold ones are brought outside and function to connect loads.    USE - Electrical engineering.    ADVANTAGE - Increased number of power generation processes.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte film consists of fluoropolymer A which has a carboxylic acid group and the fluoropolymer B which does not have a functional group. The fluoropolymers are mutually compatible.    USE - For usages such as in solid polymeric type fuel battery, water electrolysis, salt electrolysis and various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The solid electrolyte film has excellent ionic conductivity and tension fracture strength is raised without increasing electrical resistance, and hence it is used as electrolyte for fuel battery or as diaphragm for chloroalkali electrolysis.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacturing method of solid electrolyte film. The fluoropolymer A are mixed at a temperature below 340degreesC but more than the glass transition point of fluoropolymer A, and subjected to film formation.
NOVELTY - The catalyst layers are distributed on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film. Gas diffusion layers (2) are provided outside the catalyst layers. Metallic separators (1) with oxidizing agent and fuel gas passageways (5,6), are distributed outside the gas diffusion layers. The gas diffusion layer and the separator with oxidizing agent gas passageway, are joined integrally.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Property reduction of oxidizing agent gas, is avoided and high performance is attained. Compact solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery is obtained at low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional diagram of single cell of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel battery.    Metallic separators (1)    Gas diffusion layer (2)    Fuel gas passageway (5,6)
NOVELTY - An ion conductive macromolecular gel electrolyte contains a non aqueous electrolytic solution consisting of a non aqueous solvent and a electrolytic salt and a macromolecular matrix.    USE - The ion conductive macromolecular gel electrolyte is used in the solid battery, and also used in a primary battery, secondary battery, capacitor, electrochromic display element, medical actuator.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductive macromolecular gel electrolyte has high ion conductivity, and electro-chemical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The ion conductive macromolecular gel electrolyte contains:    (i) a non aqueous electrolytic solution consisting of a non aqueous solvent and a electrolytic salt; and    (ii) a macromolecular matrix.    The non aqueous solvent contains at least one cyanoethyl ether compound of formula X-(OR)n-OCH2)n-CN (I):    X = 1-10C hydrocarbon optionally substituted by fluorine(s);    R = 2-4C alkylene;    m = 1 or 2; and    n = 0-30.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell-type reactor consists of an anode chamber (1), an intermediate chamber (2) and a cathode chamber (3), which are divided using an anode (4) and a cathode (5). An electrolytic solution is present in the intermediate chamber. An exterior short circuit is performed between the two poles, using an electronic conductor.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen peroxide, used as bleaching agent and oxidizing agent in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, food, fiber and semiconductor industry.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen peroxide of sufficient yield is manufactured easily using hydrogen and oxygen. Generation of electrical energy is possible using the reactor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide. The method involves supplying a hydrogen donor to the anode chamber and oxygen to the cathode chamber, such that hydrogen peroxide is generated in the electrolyte solution of the intermediate chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell-type reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode chamber (1)    Intermediate chamber (2)    Cathode chamber (3)    Anode (4)    Cathode (5)
NOVELTY - A reformer has a modification catalyst in a closed top outer pipe (1) in which an inner pipe (2) and an innermost heat regulation pipe opened at the top are inserted. The flow of a reformer gas flowing through the catalyst to the inner and heat regulation pipes is adjusted by control valves (11,12), based on the gas temperature in a feed pipe (15) common to both.    USE - For reforming a raw material gas such as natural gas containing hydrocarbon and water for supplying hydrogen to the melting carbonate type fuel cell system of a power plant used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature of reformed gas supplied to a melting carbonate type fuel cell system can be maintained fixed almost without being concerned with a change of a load, since the flow of reformed gas is controlled, based on temperature of gas flowing in a common feed pipe from the inner and heat retention pipes of a reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Raw material passed upwards into the outer pipe is reformed by the catalyst and the reformed gas flowing through the catalyst into the inner and heat regulation pipes is supplied to melting carbonate type fuel cells. The temperature of gas flowing in the feed pipe is detected by a temperature sensor (13).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a modification reaction pipe in a reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Outer pipe (1)    Inner pipe (2)    Heat retention pipe (8)    Flow control valves (11,12)    Feed pipe (15)
NOVELTY - A modification catalyst layer (3) is provided between an inner tube (2) and an outer tube (1). Heat transfer adjusting sleeves (4,13) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the inner tube. The coefficient of linear expansion of the heat transfer adjusting sleeves is set to be smaller than the coefficient of linear expansion of the inner tube.    USE - For a molten carbonate type fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables maintenance of the temperature of the reformed gas to a fixed value irrespective of the load.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the modification reaction pipe of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Outer tube (1)    Inner tube (2)    Modification catalyst layer (3)    Heat transfer adjusting sleeves (4,13)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a combustion unit (11) and a modification unit (12) formed by thin plates (1) individually having combustion catalyst (1a) and modification catalyst (1b). A spacer (2) is provided between the adjacent thin plates to form gas passage.    USE - In fuel cell vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents leakage by the spacer provided between the thin plates. Increases thermal efficiency by use of thin plate with combustion catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an outline diagram of methanol modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thin plate (1)    Combustion catalyst (1a)    Modification catalyst (1b)    Spacer (2)    Combustion unit (11)    Modification unit (12)
NOVELTY - Oxygen content gas is supplied to heating gas and water. A part of heating gas is oxidized (exothermic reaction) in the presence of a catalyst. The heat of combustion generated is used as source for heating and modifying the fuel (endothermic reaction). Hydrogen content gas is formed. When the catalyst reaches predetermined rate of activity reduction, supply of oxygen content gas is stopped temporarily.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen content gas suitable for production of fuels for solid polymer fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen content gas is manufactured continuously without catalytic activity reduction. The catalyst can be regenerated effectively.
NOVELTY - Graft polymerization of polyvinyl pyridine is performed in a base material polymer film. Phosphoric acid doping is then performed in the graft base material polymer film.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte film used in fuel cell and water electrolysis cell. Used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Strength, flexibility and crystallinity of the base material film are excellent. Doping amount of phosphoric acid is increased easily. The proton conductivity of the electrolyte film is high even at 100degreesC or more. Manufacture of the electrolyte film is economical.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen reservoir has storage sections containing occlusion hydrogen materials (MH1,MH2) maintained at different pressures (P1,P2) and temperatures (T1,T2) respectively, such that P1 is less than P2 and T1 is greater than T2.    USE - Vehicle-mounted hydrogen supply system for supplying hydrogen to be used as fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen from one storage section is transferred to the other rapidly and sufficiently and released at low temperature from the other storage section.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electricity generation system has a steam generation unit (3) provided to the lower stage of carbon monoxide transformer (1). The steam generation unit communicates with carbon monoxide transformer.    USE - As fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide transformer has high heating efficiency, since it communicates with steam generation unit. Starting time of the fuel cell electricity generation system is shortened. The fuel cell electricity generation system has simple structure and minimum control components. Damage of catalyst contained in the carbon monoxide transformer is prevented. The temperature of the catalyst in carbon monoxide transformer is increased to desired temperature with the steam produced from the steam generation unit. Sintering and powdering of the catalyst are prevented, and hence the catalyst has long life. The catalyst usage for carbon monoxide transformation in vitro, is increased. Thereby, the fuel cell electricity generation system has high performance and reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for starting method of fuel cell electricity generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the carbon monoxide transformer in the fuel cell electricity generation system.    Carbon monoxide transformer (1)    Steam generation unit (3)
NOVELTY - The solid polymer electrolyte film has a homogeneous filmy polymeric base material, into which an ion exchange group is introduced. The base material is copolymer of fluorocarbon group vinyl monomer and hydrocarbon group vinyl monomer. The ion exchange group is anion exchange group, preferably styrene sulfonate.    USE - For fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte film forms fuel cell with high electricity generation property. The electrolyte film is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric converter comprises at least: (a) an electrode covered with a sensitizing pigment-supported semiconductor layer; (b) a counter-electrode facing this layer; and (c) an electrolyte layer interposed between the semiconductor layer and the counter-electrode. The semiconductor layer is bonded to the sensitizing pigment by an ether bond.    USE - The photoelectric converter is used in a photocell.    ADVANTAGE - Bonding the semiconductor layer to the sensitizing pigment allows easy electron transfer from the pigment to the layer and mitigates external factors, including hydrolysis. The photoelectric converter has enhanced conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - A new photo-electric transducer comprises semiconductor fine particles which are sensitized with a specific metal complex dye.    USE - For dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells which generate electricity by sunlight.    ADVANTAGE - The new transducer provides light absorption with wider half values and absorbs light having a wavelength longer than 900 nm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new photo-electric transducer comprises semiconductor fine particles which are sensitized with a specific metal complex dye of formula (I)    ML(X)n(NCS).Cl (I)    M = metal (preferably ruthenium);    L formula (II);    X = ligand selected from acycloxy, acylthio, acylaminoxy, thioacyloxy, thioacylthio, thiocarbonate, dithiocarbonate, trithiocarbonate, cyano, alkylthio, arylthio, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxyl, halogen, dialkylketone, carbonamide, thiocarbonamide, thiourea, isothiourea, beta-diketonato, beta-dithioketonato, beta-ketothionato and beta thioketonato group;    n = 1 or 2, and    Cl = a counter ion.    Za, Zb, Zc = non-metal elements forming a 5- or 6-membered ring
NOVELTY - A cushion sheet (7) is provided between ring (6A) from polytetrafluoroethylene and nozzle flange (3). The top surface of flange is coated with an anti-corrosive sheet (4) and the flange is connected to a pipe (8) with pipe lining (9) through a stud (10).    USE - For supply and emission of gas to battery stack of phosphoric acid type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Enables protection coating of piping connection easily, by inserting cushion sheet between flange and ring, and the flange whose top surface is coated with anti-corrosive sheet, is connected to pipe with pipe lining through stud.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of gas manifold.    Nozzle flange (3)    Anti-corrosive sheet (4)    Ring (6A)    Cushion sheet (7)    Pipe (8)    Pipe lining (9)    Stud (10)
NOVELTY - Glass substrate (1) with transparent conductive layer (2) and water soluble paper (11), are laminated and conveyed. The substrates are back washed by water and dried one by one. Then water soluble paper is removed. Then a semiconductor thin film (4) is produced on conductive layer, that consists of amorphous silicon or crystalline silicon.    USE - For thin film transistor of thin film solar battery, liquid crystal (LC) element.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents reduction of manufacturing yield by dregs of paper pinched between glass substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of manufacturing method of thin film solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Glass substrate (1)    Transparent conductive layer (2)    Semiconductor thin film (4)    Water soluble paper (11)
NOVELTY - Flat counter electrode (14) is arranged opposing a substrate supported on a flat substrate electrode in a plasma CVD chamber. CVD reactive gas (14a) is supplied inside the hollow counter electrode having gas emission apertures (14b). Gas (20a) containing hydrogen radical is added to plasma generated from CVD reactive gas, during deposition of photoelectric conversion film on substrate.    USE - For chemical vapor deposition of crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion film for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces consumption of hydrogen dilution gas at the time of forming high quality crystalline photoelectric conversion layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a typical block diagram of crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion film deposition apparatus.    Flat counter electrode (14)    CVD reactive gas (14a)    Gas emission apertures (14b)    Gas (20a)
NOVELTY - A silicon layer (2) which contains CN group, is composed of material chosen out of amorphous silicon, polysilicon, fine crystal silicon and single crystal silicon. A conductor layer is provided to any one of the vertical sides of the silicon layer.    USE - Silicon optoelectric transducer for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - By preventing reduction in optical conductivity opposing to photoirradiation, photoelectric conversion property of solar battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Silicon optoelectric transducer manufacturing method;    (b) Silicon optoelectric transducer processing method    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of manufacturing process of amorphous silicon film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon layer (2)
NOVELTY - A solid polymer fuel cell system comprises a steam reformer (2) and a carbon monoxide (CO) converter (3). The anode gas, after passing through the cooling medium of the CO converter, is supplied as a fuel for heating the reformer. The cathode gas is supplied as a source for fuel combustion of the reformer.    USE - As a fuel cell system for the generation of electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The gas evolved from the anode and cathode are used efficiently. The electricity generation efficiency is improved by reducing the energy supply source of an air blower. By using the combustion catalyst for fuel combustion, the combustion part of the reformer can be reduced in size and the reformer can be miniaturized.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (2)    CO converter (3)
NOVELTY - The electrode has transparent, porous conduction layer, oxide semiconductor film and organic colored film. The oxide semiconductor film has conduction band (CB) level which is at minus potential than lowest empty level of colored matter. The composite CB level (apparent CB level) of semiconductor film and conduction layer is same or at plus potential than lowest empty level of colored matter.    USE - For pigment sensitizing-type solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The composite conduction band level of the oxide semiconductor film and conduction layer is same or at plus potential than minimum empty level of organic coloring matter, therefore the electron injection from pigment is easy and quick. The solar battery supplies practical electric current voltage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery which has electrolyte between oppositely arranged oxide semiconductor pigment bonded electrodes.
NOVELTY - A burner port is provided in an outer peripheral wall of combustion chamber and burner head at the inner side. High and low calorie gases are introduced into the chamber through pipes (1,2), respectively. The gases differing in calories are mixed during combustion.    USE - For burning high and low calorie gases in power generation system (claimed) using solid polymer fuel cell installed in houses.    ADVANTAGE - Eliminates the need for mixing chamber and additional burner ports thereby generation of backfire is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel modifier;    (b) Solid polymer fuel cell based power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic view of power generation system using solid polymer fuel cell.    Pipes (1,2)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide removal unit comprises a carbon monoxide removal device to remove carbon monoxide, joined axially to a hydrothermal exchanger which cools the reformed gas introduced into CO removal device. CO removal device and hydrothermal exchanger are contained in a single case provided with a burner at lower section.    USE - For electric power unit system.    ADVANTAGE - The CO removal unit is compact. Since the CO removal device and hydrothermal exchanger are contained in a single case, size reduction of the electric power unit system is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer fuel cell electricity generating system.
NOVELTY - Bipolar plate has a first metal layer directly applied to the substrate followed by a second electrically conducting outer metal-metalloid layer.    USE - Used in a PEM fuel cell having a corrosion-protecting electrically conducting multiple layer system.    ADVANTAGE - The plate has improved corrosion resistance while maintaining a high electrical conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The first metal layer is made from titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, chromium, aluminum, molybdenum and/or tungsten. The second metal-metalloid layer is made from titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, chromium, aluminum, molybdenum and/or tungsten bound to nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon.
NOVELTY - The modifier (10) has a partial oxidation modifier (12) filled with modification catalyst (11) and a rate controller (18). The air flow in upstream side air line (14) is controlled so that its temperature in modifier does not exceed heat resistance temperature of the catalyst. The air flow in downstream side air line (16) is controlled so that its temperature in modifier is set to preset temperature range.    USE - For fuel cells used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Size of the modifier is reduced. Starting of the modifier is performed in short period of time. The modifier is easily mounted on the motor vehicle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modification catalyst modifies raw material gas containing water vapor to a reformed gas containing hydrogen. The rate controller detects the upstream side air line and downstream side air line of the partial oxidation modifier, temperature of the partial oxidation modifier and air flow amount in upstream and downstream side air lines. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the starting method of the modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the modifier for fuel cells. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (10)    Modification catalyst (11)    Partial oxidation modifier (12)    Upstream side air line (14)    Downstream side air line (16)    Rate controller (18)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a casing (9) in which several reaction pipes (3,5) are installed. The casing is provided with heat insulating wall (10), heat transfer particle layer and heat insulating material wall at the inner side. Ceramic fibers are filled in gap (13) between partition plate and heat insulating wall.    USE - For fuel cell powered vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents deformation of reaction tube by filling ceramic fibers in gap between partition plate and heat insulating wall. Increases life span of modifier, by use of partition plate and heat insulating wall inside of casing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline sectional view of modifier (Includes non-English language text).    Pipes (3,5)    Casing (9)    Heat insulating wall (10)    Gap (13)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst contains a alloy containing element chosen from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, iron or tin, and platinum, or a alloy containing element chosen from rhodium, palladium, iridium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, iron or tin, and ruthenium.    USE - For selective oxidation and removal of carbon monoxide in mixed gas containing oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and an oxidizing agent (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst exhibits high carbon monoxide selective oxidation and removal properties in wide temperature range.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for selective oxidation and removal of carbon monoxide using the catalyst.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen purification involves removing carbon monoxide from a mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by adding an oxygen-containing gas at each stage of a multi-stage catalyst reactor with at least two stages. A platinum catalyst supported on a metallic oxide and a ruthenium catalyst supported on a metallic oxide are respectively used at the foremost and final stages of the reactor.    USE - For purifying hydrogen manufactured by the modification of carbon-containing compounds such as alcohol and hydrocarbons.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide contained in hydrogen is removed without extensive loss of hydrogen by the reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen occlusion involves making a porous carbon material occlude hydrogen.    USE - For occluding hydrogen which is supplied to e.g. engines or fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen occlusion enables the occlusion of a large amount of hydrogen using a porous carbon material with a large specific surface area. Contact of hydrogen molecules and carbon material increases within the pores of the carbon material, increasing the hydrogen adsorption increases. The rate of hydrogen release from the carbon material is slow and loss by vaporization of hydrogen is minimized. Hydrogen can be occluded in a lightweight hydrogen occlusion apparatus containing a porous carbon material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a hydrogen occlusion apparatus which has a container filled with porous carbon material.
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon type fuel is supplied to a fuel modifier (6) to generate hydrogen. A purge air is supplied to a fuel modifier with a purge air supply unit to perform a purge operation. The supply of purge air to the fuel cell when the temperature of the fuel cell and the fuel modifier is less than a predetermined temperature.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables a purge fuel modifier with air to improve durability of fuel cell. Eliminates need for nitrogen cylinder to purge fuel modifier to reduce a maintenance work load. Oxidizes and removes CO adsorbed in hydrogen pole to enhance the durability of a fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell system start method;    (b) Fuel cell system stop method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (6)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer fuel cell electricity generation system comprises reformer to reform hydrogen gas such as natural gas, town gas, and methanol, a carbon monoxide transformer, a carbon monoxide removal device, a fuel cell to generate electricity by hydrogen, a fuel cell control system, a water tank, and an auxiliary machine containing various pumps, all collectively contained in a outer cladding case.    USE - The system is used for domestic purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer fuel cell electricity generation system is small in size. The installation space of fuel cell system is reduced, since various equipments are collectively provided in one outer cladding case.
NOVELTY - An electromotive portion (13) supports electrolyte film which is pinched between fuel electrode and oxidation agent electrode. A fuel tank (11) contains lower hydrocarbon hydrate which is supplied to fuel electrode as fuel.    USE - Fuel tank is used for fuel cells in which size of fuel tank is reduced.    ADVANTAGE - As high density hydrocarbon contained within fuel tank is supplied to fuel electrode, adsorbent nature of surfaces such as silica used as fuel electrode, is improved. Small sized fuel tank is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel tank (11)    Electromotive portion (13)
NOVELTY - The modification catalyst of a modifier (2) is made to react with raw material containing carbon and water and is heated using heater (3), to generate hydrogen. A fuel cell (1) generates electricity using hydrogen gas. The exhaust gas containing hydrogen from fuel cell is used to heat the modifier.    USE - Fuel cell power generator used for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since electricity generation amount can be changed instantly and temperature of modifier is stabilized during electricity generation alteration, carbon monoxide generation is restrained and stable operation is provided. Since amount of raw material supplied to burner is reduced, the operation efficiency is improved. Enables stable maintenance of modifier temperature by adjusting quantity of fuel flow. Improves electricity generation efficiency by maintaining composition of exhaust gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell power generator operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of fuel cell power generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Modifier (2)    Heater (3)
NOVELTY - A solid electrolytic fuel cell has: (a) an air electrode formed on the single surface of a solid electrolyte; (b) a fuel electrode formed on the other surface of the solid electrolyte; and (c) a collector electrically connected to the air electrode.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The content of the La in the collector is increased. The result diffuses the Mn into the collector from the air electrode to react with the La in the collector. The La is sufficiently present even if LaMnO3 is grown. The result prevents the La amount to the Cr from being relatively reduced, preventing the Cr from evaporation from the lanthanum chromite-based complex oxide, preventing chromium oxide from coagulation and accumulation at the neck portions of the lanthanum chromite-based complex oxide grains. The collector assures sintering to form compact porcelain to assure conductivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The collector contains a perovskite crystal phase containing at least La, Cr, and Mg as elemental metals, an La2O3 phase, and an MgO phase. The elemental metals in atomic ratios consist of La(x+u)Mg(y+z)Crz. Where, x+y+z = 2. The air electrode consists of a perovskite crystal phase containing at least La and Mn as elemental metals. The elemental metals in atomic ratios consist of RsMnt. Where, R = La, or La and at least one element of rare earth element except La, and Ca. The ratio, s/t, of R to Mn is less than 1. x+u in the collector is 1.016 or more.
NOVELTY - A solid electrolyte (31) and a fuel electrode (33) are laminated on an air pole (32) of perovskite type complex oxide containing lanthanum and manganese. The amount of manganese in the fuel electrode is 0.35 weight percent or less.    USE - Solid electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of manganese diffused towards the inner side of a fuel electrode from an air pole side at the time of co-sintering is reduced. Therefore high output density is maintained for long time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a solid electrolyte type fuel cell.    Solid electrolyte (31)    Air pole (32)    Fuel electrode (33)
NOVELTY - The glass member has a glare-proof coating film on a glass base. The glare-proof coating has properties such that, even after 1000 hours exposure of glass member to sunshine and 2 hours immersion in boiling water, when an adhesive film adhered on cut glare-proof coating (cut in a cross-cut pattern of 1 mm2 by JIS-K 5400), is peeled-off, the glare-proof film does not peel from base material.    USE - For outer cladding of roofs of buildings, solar battery and solar water heaters on roof tops.    ADVANTAGE - The glass member has excellent glare-proof property, light transmissivity, durability and imparts high thermal storage efficiency to devices made using the glass member. The glass member can be manufactured and installed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The glass member has a glare-proof coating film directly formed on a glass base material. An adhesive tape is stuck on the coating film before subjecting to immersion and exposure. The glare-proof coating film contains resin chosen from acrylic, silicone, acryl silicone, inorganic and/or fluoro resins. The 60degrees glossiness of the glare-proof coating film measured in a camera is 50 or less. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for glass member installation method.
NOVELTY - A main evaporation chamber (11) divided into several auxiliary chambers (11A-11C), evaporates fuel supplied by fuel injectors by high temperature heat carrier (HG), to get a hot gas (FG). A gas temperature control chamber (30) exchanges heat and controls temperature of the hot gas sent from the evaporation chamber.    USE - For fuel cell of electricity generation system e.g. for electric vehicle,    ADVANTAGE - Temperature non-uniformity of the hot gas evaporated by the evaporation chamber is prevented by gas temperature control channel. The evaporation capability is easily changed by regulating supply of fuel to each chamber, from corresponding injector accurately.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the partially exploded plan view of the fuel evaporator. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    main evaporation chamber (11)    auxiliary chambers (11A-11C)    gas temperature control chamber (30)    hot gas (FG)    high temperature heat carrier (HG)
NOVELTY - Original fuel is evaporated in an evaporation chambers (11A-11C) by the high temperature combustion gas. Chambers are aerated serially and specific fuel is injected into the chambers through injector (40).    USE - For fuel cell based electric power generation system e.g. for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures stable supply of the original fuel into the chambers irrespective of operation modes and environment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel cell evaporator.    evaporation chambers (11A-11C)    injector (40)
NOVELTY - A gas temperature control chamber controls temperature of hot gas (FG) generated from the fuel evaporation chamber (11), by exchanging heat. A bypass flow path (51) is provided for high temperature combustion gas which is used for evaporating the fuel to the control chamber, so that the combustion gas is prevented from entering into gas temperature control chamber by the operation of bypass valve (BV).    USE - Fuel evaporator for fuel cell system in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - By the provision of bypass path quantity of high temperature, combustion gas supplied to temperature control chamber is adjusted, thereby heating gas of more suitable temperature is generated by the provision of temperature control chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the plan view of the fuel evaporator. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    evaporation chamber (11)    bypass flow path (51)    bypass valve (BV)    hot gas (FG)
NOVELTY - The tape shaped electrolyte board comprises gamma-lithium aluminate raw material powder mixed with organic solvent, to form a slurry. The raw material powder has specific surface area of 4-6 m2/g. The particle size of aggregated powder, dispersed uniformly, is 2 microns or less. The board has half value width (DELTA logR) of pore distribution of 0.2 or less. The diameter of the pore at equilibrium is below 0.5 microns.    USE - For molten carbonate type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte board has no cracks or leaks.
NOVELTY - Electrolytes are prepared by preparing a dispersion of a powder comprising ceria stabilized with gadolinia, and having a surface area of 5-20 m2/g. The dispersion is prepared by mixing the powder with solvent(s), dispersing agent(s), ligand(s) and plasticizer(s).    USE - Used as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention allows the production of gas impermeable electrolytes having adequate thickness for obtaining high ionic conductivities and with planarities suitable for the subsequent deposition of electrodes. Thus, the prepared electrolytes have high ionic conductivities, even at not excessively high temperatures. The fuel cells based on ceria can operate at lower temperatures, without influencing the electric efficiency, thus minimizing the degradation effects of both the materials forming the cell and of the materials of the components for assembling the stack.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of electrolytes involves preparing a dispersion of a powder comprising ceria stabilized with gadolinia, optionally sieving the slurry, deaerating and subsequently casting the slurry to obtain a tape, drying and cutting the dried tape to obtain samples having the desired dimensions, and dewaxing and sintering the samples by thermal cycle at 1700 degreesC. The powder has a surface area of 5-20 m2/g. The dispersion is prepared by mixing the powder with solvent(s), dispersing agent(s), ligand(s) and plasticizer(s).
NOVELTY - A condenser (10) comprises a condenser unit (11) and a separating unit (12) for separating a gas and a liquid from a multiple phase fuel. The separating unit has a liquid retaining filter element (13).    USE - Used for separating a gas and a liquid from a multiple phase fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Optimum separation is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for separating a liquid and a gas from a multiple phase fuel comprising reducing the flow speed of the fuel using an enlargement of the separating unit; deviating the fuel stream using a deviating and/or suction device (19); and retaining the liquid of the fuel using the filter element (13).    Preferred Features: The liquid retaining filter element is a wire filter. The separating unit has an inlet funnel (17) tapering in the main flow direction (16); a cylindrical feed channel (18) and a deviating and/or suction device (19).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the condenser.    Condenser (10)    Condenser unit (11)    Separating unit (12)    Liquid retaining filter element (13)    Main flow direction (16)    Inlet funnel (17)    Cylindrical feed channel (18)    Deviating and/or suction device (19)
NOVELTY - Energy storage device is fabricated by sequentially forming an electrode first film, electrolyte second film, and electrode third film on a substrate. The electrolyte second film is formed by depositing an electrolyte material using a deposition source, and supplying energized particles from a second source to deposit electrolyte material in a desired film structure.    USE - The method is used for fabricating an energy storage device useful as batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaics, and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method provides an energy storage device which is safe, solid-state and rechargeable over many charge/discharge life cycles. It does not require a high-temperature annealing step. The inclusion of energized particles provides extended period of mobility to the growing electrolyte, which allows the electrolyte material to grow in more defect-free manner.
NOVELTY - To form an assembly with at least one electrode (13) with an active surface, and a membrane (1) of a thermostable polymer, a solution of the thermostable polymer is bonded to a carrier to give a film of the solution which is dried by evaporation of the solvents. An electrode is placed on the film before it is completely dry, with the active electrode surface towards the film surface. The assembly is dried, and the electrode/membrane are detached from the substrate.    USE - The electrode/membrane structure is for a fuel cell for electric vehicles, using a solid polymer electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell temperature is constant at 50-80degreesC to deliver 0.5 A/cm2 at 0.6 V for 3000 hours.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The carrier is reinforced before the layer of thermostable polymer solution is applied, using glass fibers or a polymer. When the thermostable polymer solution layer is in place, a reinforcement is introduced within it by lamination. The assembly can be produced with two electrodes flanking a membrane, where the process is repeated after the electrode/membrane have been separated from the substrate for an additional electrode to be bonded to the other side of the membrane in the same sequence as for the first electrode. The film of thermostable polymer can be formed by impregnating the carrier with the solution, and electrodes are placed on both sides of the film. The thermostable polymer is an ion exchange polymer e.g. a proton conductive polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the fuel cell.    membrane (1)    electrodes (13)
NOVELTY - A polymer blend comprises acrylic and/or vinyl resin(s) having ionic or ionizable group(s); and thermoplastic fluoropolymer. The components are different.    USE - The polymer blend is used in polymeric ion membranes, membrane electrode assemblies, batteries, and fuel cells (claimed). It is also used in coatings, ion exchange resins, oil recovery, and biological membranes.    ADVANTAGE - Permits an intimate blending of two or more polymers in an aqueous dispersion, preferably through the use of a seeded polymerization method. The resulting resin is an intimate blend of fluoropolymer(s) and polymer(s) bearing the ionic or ionizable group. The introduction of ionic or ionizable functionality is chemically bonded to the polymer chain via polymerization, thus avoiding grafting techniques as well as the need to use environmentally unfriendly solvent solutions. Thus, there is no need for post-sulfonation of the resin using acids (e.g., sulfuric and sulfonic acids and their derivatives), since the ionic or ionizable group (e.g., sulfonated group) is already on the monomer. Because the ionic or ionizable group on the monomer is preferably polymerized, its distribution along the polymer chain is easily controlled by a conventional method (e.g., shot addition, continuous feed and late addition). The resulting ionic or ionizable group distribution in the membrane formed from the polymer blend can be more easily controlled than previously. Further, the tailoring of various properties, e.g. homogeneous, random, and heterogeneous can be achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the composition, comprising conducting a seed emulsion polymerization of polymerizable monomer(s) containing acrylic or vinyl units in a dispersion of fluoropolymer(s) capable of dispersing in a medium.
NOVELTY - A modifier which forms hydrogen by reacting liquid or gaseous fuel with water vapor, has a heat exchanger for cooling the formed gas between two types of catalysts. The two types of catalysts are catalyst A for steam reforming hydrogen production and catalyst B for carbon monoxide reduction, and are provided in one container.    USE - Used in fuel cell electricity generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - A compact and lightweight modifier which avoids unnecessary heating when compared to conventional apparatus, is provided.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen supply system has reformer which forms hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell. Hydrogen reservoir stores hydrogen from the reformer for fuel cell assistance. A distributing valve is controlled to supply the required hydrogen to the fuel cell and residual hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen reservoir.    USE - For supplying required hydrogen fuel formed from raw materials e.g. alcohol and gasoline to the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Distributes the required hydrogen to the fuel cell by the distributing valve and the residual hydrogen is collected to the hydrogen reservoir. Priority is given to the hydrogen supply to the fuel cell and the hydrogen requirement is always filled depending on the operating condition of the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Several separators (5A) consists of fuel gas passageways arranged in vertical direction. The water manifold (17) on the separators supplies water to the passageways by supply groove (18) which consists of continuous holes formed at equal intervals.    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The water does not remain the gas passageway and the fuel cell stack has stabilized electricity generation without the influence of stack installation angle, vibration, etc.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an isometric view of the solid polymer fuel stack. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separators (5A)    Water manifold (17)    Water supply groove (18)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide (CO) selective oxidation catalyst comprises a platinum catalyst including iron, cobalt and copper as low temperature activated component.    USE - For selective oxidation of CO in hydrogen enrichment gas (claimed), or heating gas supplied to the anode of a solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst activates even in a low temperature area. Favorable CO removal performance is enabled. Simplification of a catalyst warming system and size reduction of the CO removal system are obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) CO removal comprising adding oxygen necessary for oxidizing CO in hydrogen enrichment gas and contacting with a CO selective oxidation catalyst; and    (ii) a CO selective oxidation reactor.
NOVELTY - Use of a fuel cell (1) as current supplier for arc welding processes is new, in which the internal capacity of the cell is suited to the current/voltage characterization line steepness for the welding process. The anode and cathode of the cell are connected via a throttle (2) to the welding process.    USE - Used for supplying current to the arc welding process.    ADVANTAGE - The capacity of the cell can be varied.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The electrolyte of the fuel cell is alkaline, preferably caustic potash solution. A Raney nickel catalyst is used for the anode and a silver/cathode catalyst for the cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell in an arc welding process. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    fuel cell (1)    throttle (2)
NOVELTY - Fueling system for fuel cells, comprises fuel tank/fuel ampoule (2) having fuel permeable walls which are removably provided in fuel container (1) having fuel impermeable walls.    USE - Fueling system is used for fuel cells especially rechargeable batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The fueling system avoids leakage problems of liquid fuel and can be easily packaged to small compact cell fuel systems. The fuel cell has higher energy per unit mass, higher energy per unit volume and is convenient, harmless and inexpensive than conventional batteries. Performance of fuel cell system is improved. The fuel tank is selectively permeable to fuel and exhaust products of fuel cell whereby the fuel diffuses to the fuel cell and exhaust products diffuses through the fuel ampoule to the atmosphere. The fuel ampoules are sealed in gas tight packages. When the package is opened, the ampoule is inserted into fuel cell applications to deliver reactants through selectively permeable wall of the ampoule. This permits controlled release of fuel, keeps the fuel clean and avoids fuel spillage during usage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of a fuel container.    Fuel container (1)    Fuel tank (fuel ampoule) (2)
NOVELTY - A direct antifreeze impermeable cooler plate (32) is arranged in a heat exchange relationship with a cathode catalyst. A direct antifreeze solution passing through the cooler plate controls the temperature within the fuel cell (10). The antifreeze solution is an organic solution that is non-volatile at fuel cell operating temperatures.    USE - Fuel cell is used in transportation vehicle, portable power plant or stationary power plant, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has an antifreeze impermeable cooler plate e.g. graphite cooler plate, which restricts the movement of the direct antifreeze out of the cooler plate. Thus the fuel cell is operated in sub-freezing conditions at reduced cost and without using unreliable antifreeze cooler plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell with direct antifreeze impermeable cooler plate.    Fuel cell (10)    Direct antifreeze impermeable cooler plate (32)
NOVELTY - Provided are a process for producing a lithium/sodium electrolyte green sheet for a molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC) and a method for pretreating and operating the MCFC containing the Li/Na electrolyte.    USE - None given.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The lithium/sodium (Li/Na) electrolyte green sheet is produced by the process comprising the steps of: ball-milling 100pts.wt. of a carbonate mixture powder comprising Li2CO3 and Na2CO3, 10-20pts.wt. of a binder, 10-20pts.wt. of a plasticizer, 1-2pts.wt. of a dispersing agent, 1-2pts.wt. of an antifoaming agent, and 50-100pts.wt. of ethanol solvent to prepare powdery slurry; tape-casting the powdery slurry; drying at a temperature of 40-90 deg.C. The method for pretreating and operating the MCFC containing the Li/Na electrolyte includes the steps of: supplying air at an ordinary temperature-300 deg.C, a mixture gas containing carbon dioxide and 5M of hydrogen at 300-650 deg.C, and a mixture gas comprising the hydrogen, the carbon dioxide, and steam after the temperature reaches 650 deg.C to an anode of the MCFC; supplying the air at an ordinary temperature-450 deg.C, inert gas or a mixture gas containing the inert gas and less than 10M of the hydrogen at 450-650 deg.C, and a mixture gas comprising the air and the carbon dioxide after the temperature reaches 650 deg.C to a cathode of the MCFC.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen supply system has modifier (3) and reservoir which has storage parts (44,51) having hydrogen occlusion materials. (44) occludes hydrogen from (3), hydrogen is transferred to (51). The hydrogen from (51) is supplied to fuel cell. Amount of occluded hydrogen in (51) is set to a and amount of occluded hydrogen in (44) is set to b, such that hydrogen transfer between (44,51) is set to b less than a.    USE - For fuel cell which uses hydrogen as fuel e.g. for mounting on vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is rapidly and sufficiently transferred between the first and second storage parts, thereby insufficiency of hydrogen generation is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen supply system (1) has a modifier (3) which forms hydrogen from raw materials such as alcohol and gasoline, and a hydrogen reservoir (43). The hydrogen produced is supplied to apparatus e.g. fuel cell (2) which sets hydrogen as a fuel. The hydrogen reservoir has a first storage part (44) comprising a hydrogen occlusion material (MH1) and a second storage part (51) comprising a hydrogen occlusion material (MH2). The first storage part occludes hydrogen from the modifier, and the occluded hydrogen is transferred to the second storage part. The occluded hydrogen is released from the second storage part and is supplied to the fuel cell. The amount of occluded hydrogen in the second storage part is set to a, and the amount of occluded hydrogen in the first storage is set to b, such that the hydrogen transfer between the storage parts is set to b less than a.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of the hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen supply system (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Modifier (3)    Hydrogen reservoir (43)    Storage parts(MH1,MH2) Hydrogen occlusion materials (44,51)
NOVELTY - A controller (A5) computes the desired input amount of raw material to an evaporator (C2), based on the fuel cell (C4) requirement. The controller regulates a combustor (C1), based on the estimated heat inflow and outflow from the evaporator.    USE - For a fuel reformer of a fuel cell power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of a controller enables regulation of the raw material requirement depending on the output of a fuel cell and the temperature of the combustor is maintained within a limit. Raw material of desired quantity is fed into an evaporator depending on the requirement, thereby feeding of excess raw material is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of a fuel cell power generator with a controller. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Controller (A5)    Combustor (C1)    Evaporator (C2)    Fuel cell (C4)
NOVELTY - A titanium dioxide semiconductor consists of anatase type titanium dioxide formed by sintering fine powder of titanium. The titanium dioxide has porosity of 5-90%.    USE - For solar battery (claimed) used in electric power unit and satellite.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery using the titanium dioxide semiconductor, has improved life span. The porosity of titanium dioxide is increased. The contact area of titania microparticle and solar light, is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Solar battery which comprises the titanium dioxide semiconductor pinched between a pair of electrodes; (ii) Manufacture of titanium dioxide semiconductor, which involves sintering fine powder of titanium at 900degreesC or less, to form anatase type titanium dioxide.
NOVELTY - Turbo generators (2,3) generate electric power with high pressure of hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen storage apparatus (1). A pressure-reduction valve (4) reduces the pressure of the hydrogen released from the turbo generator. A fuel cell (5) or hydrogen engine generator generates electricity with the hydrogen at reduced pressure as fuel. A secondary battery (6) respectively stores the electric power generated with the turbo generator and the fuel cell.    USE - For electric power units, used in electric vehicles, homes, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen storage apparatus is used effectively. Improvement in electricity generation efficiency is attainable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The reduced hydrogen pressure is supplied to the fuel cell or hydrogen engine generator through the surge tank.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the structure of hybrid electrical power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen storage apparatus (1)    Turbo generator (2,3)    Pressure reduction valve (4)    Fuel cell (5)    Secondary battery (6)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide transformation unit has carbon monoxide transformer (4) which transforms carbon monoxide, and heat exchanger which cools the reformed gas introduced into carbon monoxide transformer. The carbon monoxide transformer and the heat exchanger are joined axially.    USE - Useful as electric power system for domestic use.    ADVANTAGE - A small-sized and compact electric power unit system is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer fuel cell electricity generation system which has modifier (3) for carrying out chemical reaction of heating gases such as natural gas and town gas and reforming in carbon monoxide transformer. A carbon monoxide removal device (5) which removes carbon monoxide, and fuel cell which carries out electricity generation by hydrogen, are comprised.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of modifier, carbon monoxide transformer and carbon monoxide removal device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (3)    Carbon monoxide transformer (4)    Carbon monoxide removal device (5)    Hydrothermal exchanger (18)    Sleeve (61)    Single case (62)    Burner (78)    Exhaust port (79)
NOVELTY - The system comprises a front stage turbine (2) and a rear stage turbine (3). A fuel combustor (4) supplies gas to the front stage turbine. A fuel cell (8) is provided between the outlet of the front stage turbine and the inlet of the rear stage turbine. A device is provided to burn unburnt fuel present in exhaust gas of the fuel cell.    USE - Combined cycle gas turbine power plant.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of fuel cell in the gas path between the turbines enables adjusting inlet temperature of the rear stage turbine. Since the operating temperature of the fuel cell is adjusted, life span of the fuel cell is enhanced and energy utilization efficiency is enhanced. Since a device is provided to burn unburnt fuel present in the exhaust of the fuel cell, environmental pollution is restrained. Energy recovery from the unburnt fuel is done efficiently. Inlet temperature of rear stage turbine is made more than 1000degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of power plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Front stage turbine (2)    Rear stage turbine (3)    Fuel combustor (4)    Fuel cell (8)
NOVELTY - The separator for fuel cells consists of a compact containing a molded material and a metal plate containing a resin and an expanded pulverized graphite sheet powder.    USE - For use in fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The separator for fuel cells has excellent gas impermeability, electrical properties, liquid-swelling property, mechanical strength and moldability. The fuel cell fixed with separator has high performance, and it has excellent adherence with metal plate and molding material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell having the separator.
NOVELTY - Zirconia system solid-electrolyte is made of zirconia system composite oxide whose composition is expressed by a specific formula.    USE - The solid-electrolyte is used for fuel cells and gas sensors.    ADVANTAGE - This method has succeeded in reducing grain boundary resistance down to 1/4-1/10 those of conventional products by dispersing the new zircon scavenger inside the solid electrolyte. Total conductance has been raised by the new path via the boundaries between zircon or its precursor and zirconia.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Zirconia system solid-electrolyte is made of zirconia system composite oxide whose composition is expressed as (I):    and not greater than 5 molar % of zircon (ZrSiO4) or its precursor    M = at least one of yttrium, scandium and calcium.    x is not less than 0.04 and not greater than 0.30.
NOVELTY - An epoxy copolymer resin composition with an epoxy equivalent value of at least 150 g/eq. The copolymer is partly modified with a phosphoric acid group, and provides a solid polymer electrolyte which is castable and has high proton conductivity.    USE - Product is used in electrolyte for either primary or secondary cell, fuel cell, display element, various sensors, a solid condenser, etc..    ADVANTAGE - Product excels in electroconductivity, antistaticity and crosslinkability, etc..    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The phosphoric acid-modified epoxy resin comprises a copolymer of formula (I), wherein the epoxy ring is modified by the introduced phosphoric acid group.    R1, R3 = alkylene;    R2 = H, halo or alkyl; and    n = degree of polymerization.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a polymeric solid electrolyte comprising a cast film of the modified epoxy resin.
NOVELTY - Coating composition for silicon wafer comprises an ultraviolet ray curable resin composition containing (A) urethane (meth)acrylate resin, (B) reactive diluent and (C) photopolymerization initiator.    USE - The composition is useful for producing solar cell module.    ADVANTAGE - The composition improves conversion efficiency of light energy to electricity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell module comprising photoelectric transfer element coated by the coating composition.
NOVELTY - A solar cell device includes semiconductor layers having a lattice constant equal to the lattice constant of the substrate crystalline material.    USE - For converting solar radiation to a photocurrent and photovoltage.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the materials for junction provides a multi-junction, monolithic, photovoltaic solar cell in which each semiconductor cell or junction is lattice-matched, specifically with GaAs or Ge, and provides a junction with a more desirable band gap to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solar cell device comprises a substrate (20), active cells (30, 40), a tunnel junction layer, and electric contacts (60). The substrate comprises a crystalline material having a predetermined lattice constant. The crystalline material is gallium arsenide (GaAs) or germanium (Ge). The first active cell is positioned on the substrate. It comprises a junction (31) of p-type semiconductor layer(s) in face-to-face contact with one n-type semiconductor layer. Each semiconductor layer is fabricated from (GaAs)x(Ge2)1-x, BxGayIn1-x-y, CuInSxSe2-x, or Cu3AsSxSe4-x. The first active cell has a band gap greater than 0.67 and less than 1.3 eV. The second active cell is positioned adjacent the first active cell. It has a junction of p-type semiconductor layer(s) in face-to-face contact with one n-type semiconductor layer. Each semiconductor layer has a lattice constant equal to the lattice constant of the substrate crystalline material. The tunnel junction layer is interposed between the active cells. The electric contacts are attached to the solar cell device to conduct current away from and into the solar cell device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a side elevation view in schematic cross-section of the solar cell.    Substrate (20)    active cells (30, 40)    electric contacts (60)
NOVELTY - Provided is a method for preparing gamma-lithium aluminate matrix, which is an electrolyte supporter of molten carbonate fuel cell and has an excellent corrosion-resistance and strength to the molten carbonate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Reinforced gamma-lithium aluminate matrix for the molten carbonate fuel cell is prepared by adding 10-70 wt.% of total slurry amount of mono-crystalline stick-shaped gamma-LiAlO2 to the slurry. The gamma-LiAlO2 is prepared by preparing stick-shaped beta-LiAlO2 crystal from LiOHxxH2O and gamma-Al2O3 and then heat-treating the stick-shaped beta -LiAlO2.
NOVELTY - A method for forming a material sheet is provided so that a polycrystalline transistor or diode can be formed by using a glass substrate, by selectively applying various substrates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polysilicon sheet(2) is formed according to general silicon wafer formation. That is, a siliconing process, a chamfering process, a lapping process, an etching process and a polishing process are sequentially performed on a polysilicon post, thus forming the polysilicon sheet(2) having thickness below 500 micrometer. Thereafter, the material sheet(2) is bonded on a different substrate according to a thermal treatment. Here, the material sheet(2) is processed at a room temperature to 600 degrees by using an inert gas such as nitrogen or a reactive gas such as hydrogen or oxygen. Accordingly, the method for forming the specific material sheet and bonding the material sheet on the different substrate can be used to form a transistor of a polysilicon LCD and a pn diode of a solar battery, and also used to produce a universal communication device for a high power device or communication satellite. Moreover, when glass is applied to the substrate, a polysilicon material can be employed on the glass substrate, instead of an amorphous silicon material.
NOVELTY - The fuel reformer (13) comprises air supply path (132b) to supply oxygen into the mixed gas path (132c) for oxidation reaction. Exothermic reaction catalyst (134a) is provided in the mixed gas path (132c) which surrounds the original fuel gas path (132a). An endothermic reaction catalyst (134b) is arranged in the fuel gas path (132a).    USE - Modifying methanol into hydrogen rich fuel gas.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents degradation of endothermic catalyst by oxidation as the endothermic reaction catalyst uses the heat generated by the exothermic reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a section of a fuel reformer.    Fuel reformer (13)    Fuel gas path (132a)    Air supply path (132b)    Mixed gas path (132c)    Exothermic reaction catalyst (134a)    Endothermic reaction catalyst (134b)
NOVELTY - A burner port (20) in a combustor (19) has gas discharge port (24) in the center, to discharge both low and high calorie gases, and has a gas mixture port in the surroundings of discharge port. The conical burner port board is formed focussing towards the gas discharge port.    USE - For heating catalyst for producing hydrogen gas in fuel battery system.    ADVANTAGE - The burner is cheap, since double pipe structured gas feed pipe with common discharge port is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen producing apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of air jet port of the burner.    Combustor (19)    Burner port (20)    Gas discharge port (24)
NOVELTY - A hydrocarbon composition contains an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon and an other hydrocarbon (a hydrocarbon precursor). The weight of the oxygen atoms in the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon is 0.01-20 mass% based on the entire composition.    USE - The hydrocarbon composition is used for manufacturing hydrogen for use in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen is a heavy hydrocarbon, including naphtha, or kerosene, depressing the carbon deposition on a catalyst even under a low steam/carbon ratio. The composition stably and efficiently manufactures hydrogen.
NOVELTY - Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2) is sandwiched between a base film (1) and an extrusion resin layer (3) which consists of polyolefin-type resin and cyclic polyolefin type resin.    USE - For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - Protection sheet has excellent weather, heat, water, light, wind, pressure, hail, chemical and stain resistant properties. It is extremely durable and excels in protection capability. Inexpensive and safe solar-battery module can be manufactured stably.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of a backside protection sheet.    Base film (1)    Inorganic oxide vapor deposition film (2)    Extrusion resin layer (3)
NOVELTY - An electroconductive film having surface resistance of less than 100 OMEGA/cm2 is formed on surface of plastic base material. The electroconductive film is formed by laminating several layers. At least one of the layer which exists to a proximal side from a standard layer which exists to a distal side to surface of plastic base material, is a low density having density lower than the standard layer.    USE - For optical member used for electronic component and an apparatus comprising electronic component (claimed), and also as electrodes for liquid crystal display device, freezing prevention film of glass window of frozen foodstuff case, transparent electrode for solar batteries and switch electrode for touch panels.    ADVANTAGE - The film has high electroconductivity, even when the thickness of the film is small. The transparent electroconductive film having high environmental resistance, durability and electromagnetic wave reduction function is obtained easily and reliably. The electroconductive film is firmly adhered to base material. The density of electroconductive film base material is controlled easily. The electroconductive film has sufficient transparency to the light at visible wavelength region. The electroconductive film is laminated with other functional films such as anti-reflective coating and water-repellent film. The electroconductive film excels in reproducibility of colors in base material. The change of color between incident and emitted lights from optical member is minimized, therefore the influence of electromagnetic wave to main unit of electronic body is suppressed, and also incorrect operation of the electronic circuit is prevented. The display shown from electronic circuit display part is viewed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optical member which has transparent electroconductive film formed on surface of plastic base material which has optical function property.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric converter has a conductive support, a photosensitive layer containing semiconductor fine particles having at least an adsorbed pigment, a molten salt-containing electrolytic layer, and paired electrodes.    USE - The photoelectric converter is used for the opto-electrochemical battery.    ADVANTAGE - The photoelectric converter and the opto-electrochemical battery have superior energy conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor fine particles are treated with a solution containing a basic high-molecular compound of formula (I). -(-CH2-C(R1)(Z)-)x-(-E-)y- (I)    R1 = H, or 1-4C alkyl;    Z = nitrogen-containing heterocycle-bearing group;    E = repeating unit derived from ethylenically unsaturated group-containing compound;    x and y = mol composition ratio of repeating unit, x = 5 percent by mol or more and 100 percent by mol or less; y = 0 percent by mol or more and 95 percent by mol or less;    when Z = pyridyl, x = not 100 percent by mol.
NOVELTY - A polymer solution is spread on the support body and shaped into a film. The surface layer of support body, contains at least one amorphous metal.    USE - The method is used for manufacturing a film used as base film for magnetic tape, magnetic disc, ink sheet of printers, solar battery substrate, flexible printed wiring board or electric insulating material.    ADVANTAGE - The film has excellent surface smoothness, fatigue strength resistance and corrosion resistance and is obtained by a stable method.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell or battery comprises at least one cell, at least one anode (11) and at least one cathode (12) within the cell, and ion-conducting electrolyte for transporting ions between the electrodes. The electrodes are porous and in that, a mechanism is provided for causing hydrodynamic flow of a mixture of at least fuel and oxidant through the body of the electrodes.    USE - The fuel cell or battery is used for providing useful electrical power. It may be used in automotive applications, for installation on board vehicles to replace internal combustion engines. It may also be used for stationary systems, such as combined heat and power generation.    ADVANTAGE - By using mixed reactant systems, complex manifolding can be eliminated. There is no longer any need for convoluted passages to be constructed to deliver the separate fuel and oxidant feeds to respective chambers in the fuel cell. The battery makes more effective use of the space it occupies. It is versatile in its use or applicability, and which has the capability to use gases produced in radiolytic, electrolytic, or photolytic systems. It compensates for less than perfect utilization of fuel by boosting overall performance, and is capable of delivering high power levels on demand.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic perspective view of a fuel cell.    Anode (11)    Cathode (12)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell or battery comprises at least one cell, at least one anode (11) and at least one cathode (12) within the cell, and ion-conducting electrolyte for transporting ions between the electrodes. Fuel, oxidant, and electrolyte are present as a mixture.    USE - For providing useful electrical power.    ADVANTAGE - By using mixed reactant systems, complex manifolding can be eliminated. There is no longer any need for convoluted passages to be constructed to deliver the separate fuel and oxidant feeds to respective chambers in the fuel cell. The battery makes more effective use of the space it occupies. It is versatile in its use or applicability, and which has the capability to use gases produced in radiolytic, electrolytic, or photolytic systems. It compensates for less than perfect utilization of fuel by boosting overall performance, and is capable of delivering high power levels on demand.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic perspective view of a fuel cell.    Anode (11)    Cathode (12)
NOVELTY - Fuel oil for fuel cells contains 1-50 vol% of an olefin compound.    USE - The fuel oil is used in fuel cells for producing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced with good efficiency. A reformation catalyst or an electrode for a fuel cell are not adversely affected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of hydrogen for fuel cells comprises a catalytic partial oxidation treatment of the fuel oil.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an electrolyte film-electrodes joined body in which a polymer electrolyte film is sandwiched by an anode and a cathode, and electrically conductive separator plates made of carbon on the anode side and on the cathode side have passages for feeding a fuel gas to the anode and an oxidizing agent gas to the cathode, respectively.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - Since the conductive separator plates made of carbon have poor wettability with water, generated water and humidifying water stagnate in the gas passages in the surfaces of the separator plates to cause nonuniform gas distribution to the cells, resulting in a problem of causing variation of performance. Water stagnation in the gas passages by using conductive separator plates containing conductive carbon having a hydrophilic functional group for at least a part of the gas passage is prevented.
NOVELTY - Polymeric electrolyte contains at least 1 syndiotactic polystyrene and has ion exchange ability.    USE - The electrolyte is used in fuel cells. The electrolyte is used in the manufacture of common salt from seawater and the recovery of acid from waste liquid.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has good film shape retentivity in water, good long term stability and is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a polyelectrolyte film formed from the polymeric film; and    (2) a fuel cell containing the polyelectrolyte film.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen occlusion alloy having a compound layer containing oxygen and fluorine on its surface, is contacted with mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxide, to hydrogenate carbon oxide.    USE - For converting carbon oxide to organic compounds, hydrocarbon group fuel or gaseous fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Since the hydrogen occlusion alloy catalyst has high catalytic activity, the carbon oxide is hydrogenated quickly and efficiently even in moderate condition.
NOVELTY - The permeable film which does not contain palladium as main component, is permeable to hydrogen, water vapor and ethylene glycol. The ratio of hydrogen permeation velocity (VH2 in mol/(m2.s.Pa)) to water vapor transmission rate (VH2O in mol/(m2.s.Pa)) is 20 or more at 65degreesC. The ratio of hydrogen permeation velocity to ethylene glycol vapor transmission rate (VEG in mol/(m2.s.Pa)) is 50 or more at 85degreesC.    USE - Used for fuel cell, electrolytic capacitor, for separation or permeation of gas, for permeating hydrogen selectively from water vapor or ethylene glycol (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Weight reduction of fuel storage portion is enabled and the infrastructure can be maintained easily. Electricity generation efficiency is maintained. Efficiency of water vapor modification reaction is increased by using the permeable film. Hydrogen is permeated selectively. Lifespan of electrolytic capacitor is extended sufficiently and safety of electrolytic capacitor is ensured.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Manufacturing method of zeolite film;    (b) Fuel cell system;    (c) Water vapor reformer;    (d) Aluminum electrolyte capacitor;    (e) Separation method of gas or liquid
NOVELTY - An electroconductive water permeating material divides cooling water flow path and heating gas passageways between adjacent cell units. The heating gas passed through the humidification chamber is humidified with the water permeating through the electroconductive material to moisturize solid polymer electrolyte film in the cell.    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The need for humidification apparatus externally is eliminated, since heating gas is humidified by the water permeating through the electroconductive material to moisturize solid polymer electrolyte film. Thus cooling of battery is performed efficiently. As the size of the fuel gas passage way is reduced, the size of the battery is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Each cell unit comprises anode and cathode laminated on either sides of the solid polymer electrolyte film. The heating gas and oxidizing agent are respectively circulated to anode and cathode side.
NOVELTY - The ion exchange polymer solution contains an ion exchange polymer with an ion exchange capacity of 1-4 milliequivalent/g dry resin, dissolved in a solvent. The ion exchange polymer consists of a fluoropolymer which has a functional group which can crosslink by a covalent bond, and sulfonic acid group or its precursor group.    USE - For manufacture of electrode for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode for solid polymer electrode type fuel cell containing crosslinked fluoropolymer which has a sulfonic acid group, as a catalyst coated resin is easily manufactured using ion exchange polymer solution. The electrode obtained using ion exchange polymer has high ion exchange capacity. Swelling of the resin is minimized. The solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell has high output and excellent durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of a electrode for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cells which involves dispersing a catalyst in ion exchange polymer solution and a coating liquid is formed. An electrode layer is obtained by heating the layer formed using the coating liquid, making the functional group react and crosslinking the ion exchange polymer.
NOVELTY - A composition for a zirconia green sheet consists of (A) zirconium oxide powder containing at least one compound selected from yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, (B) a binder, and (C) an organic solvent. A crystallite size of the zirconium powder (A) is 0.05 - 0.5 microns.    USE - The composition is used in a solid electrolytic film for a fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Thickness is thin, weight is light, and a flat surface with no warp is provided.
NOVELTY - Preparation of a thin film semiconductor layer over a photovoltaic device comprises producing a layer of cadmium stannate on a transparent substrate to make a fore contact, producing a zinc stannate layer to give a buffer layer, producing a semiconducting window layer and a second semiconducting layer and heat treating to give single phase material with a spinel crystal structure.    USE - For use in solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparation of a thin film semiconductor layer over a photovoltaic device comprises:    (a) producing a layer of cadmium stannate on a transparent substrate through high frequency sputtering at ambient temperature on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer, to make a fore contact;    (b) producing a zinc stannate layer on the TCO layer by high frequency sputtering at ambient temperature to give a buffer layer;    (c) producing a semiconducting window layer on the buffer;    (d) producing a second semiconducting layer; and    (e) heat treating to give a single phase material with a spinel crystal structure.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the product.
NOVELTY - Front stage and post stage electricity generation sections (21,22) of a fuel cell (20), are arranged serially. Exhaust gas discharged from the front stage electricity generation section (21), is supplied to the post stage electricity generation section (22).    USE - Combined cycle power generation plant using fuel cell, gas turbine and steam turbine.    ADVANTAGE - Since the exhaust gas discharged from the front stage electricity generation section of the fuel cell is supplied to the post stage section, for electricity generation, the amount of compressed air supplied by the compressor to the electricity generation sections is reduced. Supply of high temperature air at a large flow rate becomes easy. Temperature of exhaust gas supplied to the turbine, from the last stage fuel cell section is made high. Hence amount of fuel needed for reheating exhaust gas is reduced. Electricity generation efficiency is improved. Plant efficiency is improved by 5-10% or more. Since the exhaust gas containing unreacted heating gas is supplied from the front stage section to the post stage section, amount of fuel to be supplied to the post stage section is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Compressed air obtained from a compressor (460) and heating gas which is pre-heated by the exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine (40) are supplied to the front stage electricity generation section where electrochemical reaction occurs for electricity generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the combined cycle power generation plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (20)    Front stage electricity generation section (21)    Post stage electricity generation section (22)    Gas turbine (40)    Compressor (460)
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide in hydrogen content gas is removed by selective oxidation. The concentration of oxygen in the hydrogen content gas after carbon monoxide selective oxidation removal is adjusted to 0.05-1.5 volume%.    USE - For fuel cells such as solid polymer type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen content gas of suitable oxygen concentration, is manufactured. Oxidation of CO on platinum electrode catalyst is easier. Poisoning of platinum electrode catalyst is avoided and high output voltage is obtained.
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply system (1) has storage part (44) and storage part (50) arranged nearby. The internal diameter d1 of transfer pipeline (51) for hydrogen is less than internal diameter d2 of feed pipeline (54) for hydrogen to fuel cell (2).    USE - For vehicle-mounted use.    ADVANTAGE - Decompression of release hydrogen pressure is suppressed and transfer of hydrogen between the storage parts is performed. Hydrogen occlusion efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The system has modifier (3) which forms hydrogen from raw materials, such as an alcohol and gasoline and supplies as a fuel to apparatus (2). The hydrogen reservoir (43) occludes and releases the hydrogen formed by the modifier. The hydrogen reservoir (43) has storage part (44) equipped with the easy hydrogen occlusion property first hydrogen occlusion material (MH1), and storage part (50) equipped with the easy hydrogen release property second hydrogen occlusion material (MH2). The hydrogen from modifier (3) is occluded in storage part (44) for preset time and is transferred to storage part (50) and occluded in it.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing of hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen supply system (1)    Fuel cell (2)    Modifier (3)    Hydrogen reservoir (43)    Storage parts (44,50)    Transfer pipeline (51)    Feed pipeline (54)    Hydrogen occlusion materials (MH1,MH2)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen reservoir with hydrogen occlusion alloy for start up (MH2) occludes hydrogen to start the fuel cell (2). Hydrogen tank (18) supplies hydrogen at the hydrogen occlusion alloy for heating (MH3) attached to the reservoir. The occlusion temperature of MH3 is lower than the hydrogen release temperature of MH2 and MH2 is heated more than the hydrogen release temperature.    USE - Hydrogen supply system to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The start up of the fuel cell is rapid and effective even at low temperature. The hydrogen supply system is performed reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen supply system.    Fuel cell (2)    Hydrogen tank (18)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy for start up (MH2)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy for heating (MH3)
NOVELTY - The reformer (3) forms hydrogen from alcohol and gasoline, which is occluded in the tanks (43,45,47). Hydrogen is released from at least one of the tanks, when start-up of the fuel cell (2) and the other tanks are in occlusion condition. At least one tank is set in hydrogen release condition before one of the tanks is in hydrogen release completion condition.    USE - Hydrogen supply system which supplies hydrogen formed from raw materials e.g. alcohol and gasoline for the fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The start-up of fuel cell is performed rapidly and the fuel cell is operated continuously without any intermission.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The opening start point of at least one tank in hydrogen release condition during completion of hydrogen release condition of at least one tank which becomes to be in next hydrogen release condition.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of hydrogen supply system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (2)    Reformer (3)    Tanks (43,45,47)
NOVELTY - Selective oxidation catalyst contains ruthenium and platinum in a ratio of 0.1-9.5 provided on a porous support. Ruthenium and/or platinum is present to a distance of less than 100 micron from the outer surface of porous support. The selective oxidation catalyst selectively oxidizes carbon monoxide in the reformed gas by an oxygen gas.    USE - For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas used for fuel cell, particularly solid polymeric fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst enables selective and effective oxidation of carbon monoxide present in reformed gas, at low temperature. The catalyst enables to improve fuel efficiency and there by improves efficiency of electricity generation.
NOVELTY - Carbon monoxide present in hydrogen-containing gas is reduced by contacting a catalyst containing a support having monmorillonite metal as main component, with carbon monoxide and oxygen.    USE - For reducing carbon monoxide present in hydrogen-containing gas used in mounted mold fuel cells for vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The method and the catalyst enables effective reduction of carbon monoxide by modifying reaction of methanol at low temperatures. Selective oxidation reaction is performed at low temperature without methanation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a catalyst for reducing carbon monoxide, comprising a support containing monmorillonite as main component.
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation-removal apparatus comprises two sequentially arranged CO oxidation devices, and a mixer for mixing oxidizing gas with reformed gas. Oxidizing gas is supplied at increasing rate through the oxidation device, while increasing the concentration of oxidized gas to the oxidation devices (I), when the concentration of CO at the inlet of the oxidation device (I) is high, and decreasing the concentration of oxidized gas, when concentration of CO at the inlet of the oxidation device (I) is low.    USE - For oxidation-removal of carbon monoxide from hydrogen-rich reformed gas.    ADVANTAGE - By installing the mixer for mixing air, the apparatus improves the rate of oxidation of carbon monoxide. By controlling the supply of oxidizing gas, oxygen to carbon monoxide ratio is reduced and consumption of hydrogen is restrained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation-removal comprises two sequentially arranged CO oxidation devices, and a mixer for mixing oxidizing gas with reformed gas, at upstream end of each oxidation device. Oxidizing gas is supplied at increasing rate through the oxidation devices, while increasing the concentration of oxidizing agent to one of the devices (I), when the concentration of CO at the inlet of the device (I) is high, and decreasing the concentration of oxidizing gas when the concentration of CO at the device (I) is low.
NOVELTY - A reformer (1) has a heating tube (3) which imparts reaction heat to a modification catalyst comprising a reverse U-shaped superstructure which becomes the entrance side for raw material gas. The superstructure has a convex curved structure and convex cylindrical portion butt welded portion (W) with the cylinder. A combustor (8) is provided inside the heating tube.    USE - To reform hydrocarbon gas, e.g. natural gas, naphtha and methanol to obtain hydrogen used for fuel cells, etc., by catalytic reaction.    ADVANTAGE - Superstructure and cylindrical components, e.g. heating tube are joined by butt welding. The right angle contact of the welding portion of the heating tube and the heating tube upper board is eliminated using a cup-shaped component which provides spinning to the upper board without altering the design largely. The manufacturing cost is reduced. The flow of raw material gas is improved by curved surface processing and the thermal efficiency of the reformer is improved. The deviation of the flow of gas and in the distribution of temperature are reduced by providing homogeneous mechanical strength. The concentration of stress in the structural materials is reduced which improves the durability and reliability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A reformer has a catalyst pipe (4), a heating tube and a reforming pipe (5) provided concentrically. The structure and the cylindrical components are joined by butt welding. The catalyst pipe is provided surrounding the periphery of the heating tube and modification catalyst of the raw material gases is filled between the catalyst pipe and the heating tube.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a reformer.    Reformer (1)    Heating tube (3)    Catalyst pipe (4)    Reforming pipe (5)    Combustor (8)    Butt welded portion (W)
NOVELTY - Top plate (2), upper tubular sheet (3) and lower tubular sheet (4) are provided in the module main unit (1) to form fuel supply chamber (5) and fuel ejection chamber (6). The exhaust heating gas is ejected out from the fuel ejection chamber through the fuel discharge pipe (8). The rectification header chamber (53) performs two stage rectification process to process the heating gas and supply to fuel supply chamber.    USE - Solid electrolyte type fuel cell module.    ADVANTAGE - Rectifies gas flow of feed supply. Improves fuel rectification factor. Minimizes fuel consumption.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of fuel cell module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Module main unit (1)    Top plate (2)    Tubular sheets (3,4)    Fuel supply chamber (5)    Fuel ejection chamber (6)    Fuel discharge pipe (8)    Rectification header (53)
NOVELTY - The resin tank (13) blocks cation and passes anion between cathode tank containing raw water with phosphoric acid and anode tank containing ammonium carbonate solution. Electricity is supplied between electrodes of cathode and anode tanks. Collection apparatus (20) isolates phosphoric acid in raw water and transfers to anode tank, such that ammonium phosphate is collected. Treated water is passed to resin tank for purification.    USE - Phosphoric acid type fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - As phosphoric acid is isolated from raw water by passing through anode tank, water is effectively purified at low cost and recovered water is utilized efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of water treatment system of phosphoric acid type fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Resin tank (13)    Collection apparatus (20)
NOVELTY - The power generated by a solar battery (1) is used to electrolyze water to generate hydrogen supplied to a fuel cell (3). A superconducting battery (4) is charged with the power supplied either from the solar battery or from the fuel cell. The fuel cell or the superconducting battery is provided at the bottom portion of the solar cell panel.    USE - For motor drive, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to generate electricity efficiently and in a non-pollution manner. Enables to reduce size of power generating device. Enables to cool fuel cell, superconducting battery and solar battery, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hybrid power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus has a crucible mounted on a mount stand in chamber and received with silicon melt solution. An enclosed portion is formed with heat insulation members, surrounding stand and crucible. Insulation member arranged below stand is moved and an opening is formed on enclosed portion. A cooling fin (10) is arranged between chamber wall and enclosed portion near opening.    USE - For manufacturing crystalline silicon (claimed) for solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cooling rate of silicon melt solution is increased in a controlled manner, as the movement of cooling fin is adjusted by adjusting the opening formed on enclosed portion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus (1) has a crucible (4) mounted on a mount stand (5) in chamber (2) and received with silicon melt solution (3). An enclosed portion (6) is formed with several heat insulation members, surrounding mount stand and crucible. A gas inlet pipe is provided in chamber to supply inert gas. The heat insulation member (6a) which is arranged below mount stand is moved by a movement apparatus and an opening (9) is formed on enclosed portion. A cooling fin is arranged between chamber wall (2a) and enclosed portion near opening and melt solution is cooled by cooling mount stand.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus.    Crystalline silicon manufacturing apparatus (1)    Chamber (2)    Chamber wall (2a)    Cooling jacket (2b)    Silicon melt solution (3)    Crucible (4)    Mount stand (5)    Enclosed portion (6)    Heat insulation member (6a)    Opening (9)    Cooling fin (10)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell membrane (10) has two outer catalytically active layers (1, 2) and a middle layer (3) which is selectively permeable for protons.    USE - Used in a direct methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The throughput of carbon monoxide or other undesirable impurities is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features:    The middle layer is made of a composite material containing a carrier material (8) capable of transporting protons, and a second material (9) selectively permeable for protons and impermeable for exclusion materials and arranged in the carrier material so that diffusion from the exclusion materials through the middle layer is strongly reduced or stopped.    The second material is made from palladium, tantalum, niobium or vanadium or their alloys.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell membrane.    catalytically active layers (1, 2)    middle layer (3)    carrier material (8)    second material (9)    fuel cell membrane (10)
NOVELTY - Device for producing hydrogen for use in a fuel cell system for electric power generation, comprises stopping the device by a procedure in which the flow rate of a hydrocarbon fuel is gradually reduced, and simultaneously the flow rate of water is gradually increased.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows the avoidance of the deactivation of a catalyst due to the increase of its temperature beyond the limitation of heat resistance, the danger of the formation of a mixture of a hydrocarbon fuel as a raw material with an oxidizing gas containing oxygen, and the like, which may be caused when flow rates of the hydrocarbon fuel, the water and the oxidizing gas are randomly reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method for operating a device for producing hydrogen for use in a fuel cell system for electric power generation, comprising stopping the device by a procedure wherein the flow rate of a hydrocarbon fuel is gradually reduced and simultaneously the flow rate of water is gradually increased, while maintaining the flow rate of an oxidizing gas at a constant level, and water and the oxidizing gas are stopped after the hydrocarbon fuel is stopped.
NOVELTY - An electrically conductive metal separator plate comprises an electrically conductive metal substrate having a nickel-tin alloy layer overlying the surface and a layer(s) of silver or silver containing tin overlying the nickel-tin alloy layer.    USE - For use in a solid oxide fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive metal separator plate exhibits improved electrical conductivity. It has layers, which do not peel off during thermal cycling. It employs Ni-Sn alloy which is a good metallic conductor, and which acts as stable oxygen barrier to restrict oxygen access to metal substrate and as diffusion barrier to iron, chromium, aluminum, and other elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of improving the electrical conductivity of the metal substrate, which forms a less electrically conductive surface oxide layer in oxidizing conditions. The method comprises forming nickel-tin (Ni-Sn) alloy layer on a portion of a substrate surface that does not have surface oxide layer, and forming silver (Ag) or Ag containing Sn on a portion of Ni-Sn alloy layer.
NOVELTY - The porous electroconductive sheet consists of 18 weight percent (wt.%) or more of carbon fiber, expanded graphite and carbon particle and/or carbon black with a grain size of 10-200nm. The porous electroconductive sheet also has water repellent material and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro alkyl vinyl ether copolymer which is coated on carbon fiber.    USE - Used as collector and electrode material in solid polymer fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The porous electroconductive sheet has less electrical resistance and destruction seldom occurs. Voltage reduction and voltage destruction of battery are prevented. Life cycle of the collector is improved. The sheet is inexpensive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro alkyl vinyl ether copolymer has melt viscosity of 106 poise or less. The weight ratio of carbon particle and expanded graphite satisfy the expression given by 0.05at mostW1divideW2at most0.8, where W1 is the weight of carbon particle and/or carbon black and W2 is the weight of expanded graphite. The electroconductive sheet has tensile strength above 0.49 N/10 mm width.
NOVELTY - The separator (2) of the solid electrolyte fuel cell consists of a heat-resistant alloy containing chromium, which forms a chromium oxide film (6) and a complex oxide film (8) on surface of the separator at the side opposing the air pole of the cell.    USE - For solid electrolyte fuel cell (claimed), for preventing contamination of air-pole by chromium.    ADVANTAGE - Contamination or poisoning of air-pole by chromium is prevented and reduction of electricity generation capacity, by chromium vapors is also prevented. Chromium oxide layer is not exposed to outer surface, by the complex oxide layer formation, and reduction in electricity generation capability by presence of chromium, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solid electrolyte type fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of the separator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Separator (2)    Chromium-oxide layer (6)    Complex oxide film (8)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has a fuel electrode and an oxygen pole with the gas diffusion electrode having an electrode catalyst and an ion exchange resin. Separator (23) adjacent to oxygen pole has oxygen supply port (23i) and oxygen discharge port (23o). Ion exchange capacity of ion exchange resin of portion which contacts port (23i) is set more than that of ion exchange resin of portion which contacts port (23o).    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of the water content in the oxygen pole is equalized, by setting the ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange resin higher close to the oxygen supply port. Battery properties are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A membranous solid polymer electrolyte is provided between fuel electrode and oxygen pole. Gas which contains oxygen is flown parallel in surface of oxygen pole which contacts the electrolyte surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of separator adjacent to the oxygen pole.    Separator(23i) Oxygen supply port (23)    Oxygen discharge port (23o)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell has fuel electrode and an oxygen pole with gas diffusion electrode having an electrode catalyst and an ion exchange resin. Separator (23) adjacent to oxygen pole has oxygen supply port (23i) and oxygen discharge port (23o). Ion exchange capacity of ion exchange resin of portion which contacts port (23i) is set lower than ion exchange capacity of ion exchange resin of portion which contacts port (23o).    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since the ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange resin of portion which contacts the oxygen supply port is set lower than the ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange resin of portion which contacts the oxygen discharge port, reacting weight of oxygen in the oxygen pole is equalized, and the output of battery is stabilized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A membranous solid polymer electrolyte is provided between fuel electrode and oxygen pole. Gas which contains oxygen is flown parallel in surface of oxygen pole which contacts the electrolyte surface.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of separator adjacent to oxygen pole.    Separator(23i) Oxygen supply port (23)    Oxygen discharge port (23o)
NOVELTY - A tabular molded product containing an activated charcoal powder and a thermosetting resin, is rolled by applying a pressure of 73.5-490 MPa. The tabular molded product is heat-processed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The thermosetting resin in the molded product, is carbonized. A solid activated carbon electrode is manufactured.    USE - As an electrode of an electrical double layered capacitor, separator of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The solid activated carbon electrode having small internal resistance value at the time of laminating, is manufactured. Uniformity in the thickness direction is increased and at the same time the molded product with a high plasticity is extended thinly. Thickness unevenness is minimized.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has solid polymer electrolyte film provided inbetween the fuel electrode and the oxidating agent electrode consisting of catalyst and ion exchange resin. Ion exchange resin consists of fluoropolymer cross linked by covalent band and equipped with sulfonic acid group. Ion exchange capacity of ion exchange resin is set to 0.5-4 milliequivalent/gram dry resin.    USE - For electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Provides ion exchange resin having high ion exchange capacity and enables to use battery for a long period of time without performance degradation.
NOVELTY - Several pipes (1-4) are arranged concentrically by providing space between them. Gas is burnt in the catalyst combustion tube and heat is transferred to the catalyst recovery tube and exhaust gas pipe (9). Water circulated in the hollow coil (5) placed within the exhaust gas pipe is heated and steam is generated.    USE - For fuel cells for reforming hydrocarbon gas such as LP gas with water vapor for manufacturing hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The size of the hydrocarbon gas reformer is reduced, as water vapor generator and reformer are integrated as a single unit. Thus energy loss due to heat release, is reduced. The starting time of hydrocarbon gas reformer is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The generated steam is sent to the catalyst recovery tube containing raw material gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of the hydrocarbon gas reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Pipes (1-4)    Hollow coil (5)    Exhaust gas pipe (9)
NOVELTY - The gasket (21) is sealed between reaction electrode unit (2) and collector pole (5) such that end face (4a) of reaction electrode (4) is covered and sealed.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the end face of film reaction electrode is sealed, leak of hydrogen gas is prevented, hence electricity generation efficiency is enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reaction electrode unit (2)    Reaction electrode (4)    End face of reaction electrode (4a)    Collector pole (5)    Gasket (21)
NOVELTY - Bipolar plate is made from a first metal with a metallic coating of a second metal.    USE - Used for a PEM fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The plate guarantees good electrical contact of the gas diffusion electrodes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The bulk material (core) of the plate is St37, aluminum or aluminum alloy. The metallic coating is made from gold, tin, a lead-tin alloy or tantalum optionally with additional metallic intermediate layers (e.g. copper or nickel). The metallic coating is applied by galvanic deposition or by sputtering.
NOVELTY - Separator unit (2) consists of two embossed plates (4, 6), one surface (8) having a positive channel structure (10) and the other surface (12) having a corresponding negative channel structure (14). An inner plate channel system (16) for a coolant (18) is produced by joining both plates and a channel system (20, 22) for gas streams (24, 26) is produced on the outer surfaces of each plate.    USE - Used for electrolysis cells and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The unit has a compact construction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The separator plates are made from conducting materials such as metals, conducting plastics or compounds and are produced by rolling embossing, magnetically deforming or gas pressure embossing. The plates are joined by welding, adhering, soldering or bending.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the separator unit. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    separator unit (2)    embossed plates (4,6)    surfaces (8,12)    positive channel structure (10)    negative channel structure (14)    inner plate channel system (16)    channel system (20, 22)    gas streams (24, 26)
NOVELTY - A gas-impermeable, mixed electron- and ion-conducting membrane (1) comprises a porous electron-conducting matrix impregnated with molten salt.    USE - Used in membrane reactor (claimed) for separating gases e.g. carbon dioxide from air, or for catalytic membrane reactions. Also for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The membranes are impermeable to gases, i.e. reagent and reactant gases. They allow passage of low level gases, e.g. hydrogen, without function loss, thus facilitating gas separation and/or provide reactive species for generating products in the catalytic membrane reactors.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) A membrane reactor for separating carbon dioxide comprising at least one gas-impermeable membrane, a reduction zone for receiving a gas containing carbon dioxide and oxygen, and an oxidation zone for receiving a reactant gas.    (B) A method for generating reaction products comprising providing a membrane reactor, introducing an ion source gas into the reduction zone, heating the membrane so that the reactive anion is formed at the reduction surface and transported through the mixed conducting membrane to the oxidation surface, and introducing a reactant gas to the oxidation zone.    (C) A method for synthesizing gas comprising providing a membrane reactor, introducing an ion source gas for generation of carbonate ion into the oxidation zone, heating the membrane to generate carbonate ion at the reduction surface and transport the carbonate ion through the membrane, and introducing a reactant gas to react with the carbonate ion. The gas-impermeable membrane separates the reduction and oxidation zone.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic view of a membrane.    Membrane (1)    Central region (3)    Pores (5, 6)    External region (7, 8)    Reduction surface (9)    Oxidation surface (10)
NOVELTY - Alcohol (such as methanol) and water are made to contact with catalyst, to form hydrogen. The catalyst comprises palladium or ruthenium on cerium-promoted zirconia or alumina, or palladium-ruthenium alloy on alumina or zirconia.    USE - For steam reforming of alcohols such as methanol (claimed) for forming hydrogen gas used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method enables high conversions (preferably, 85%) of alcohol such as methanol at relatively short contact time (preferably, 10-500 msec), selectivity control and low temperature operation, by using palladium on zinc oxide catalyst, or catalyst comprising palladium-ruthenium alloy on alumina or zirconia, or catalyst comprising palladium or ruthenium on cerium-promoted zirconia or alumina.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) methanol steam reforming method involving contacting methanol and water vapor with a catalyst comprising palladium on zinc oxide catalyst, with 20% of its' pore volume composed of pores with a size of 0.1-300 microns, to form hydrogen at a rate of 1.5 mole methanol per gram catalyst per hour;and    (2) a fuel processing system comprising a fuel source connected to a reactor containing palladium on zinc oxide catalyst, and a fuel cell connected to the reactor such that the hydrogen gas generated in the reactor flows into the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - An alpha-lithium aluminate is produced by dry mixing cluster particles of alpha-alumina by burning a finely divided aluminum compound with a lithium compound to form a mixture where aluminum to lithium molar ratio is 1:0.95-1.05; and burning the mixture at at least 800 degrees C.    USE - For production of gamma-lithium aluminate (LiAlO2) used for an electrolyte-retainer plate of molten carbonate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invented method gives a stabilized particle structure. It does not change the particle structure even after being exposed to a high temperature in a molten carbonate for a long time, and shows excellent alkali resistance, heat resistance and high level of retention capability.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte impregnating method for molten carbonate fuel cell is provided, in which electrolyte plate is eliminated, to thereby prevent contact resistance from being increased and protect matrix from being broken.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method comprises the first step of preparing an anode(1) and a cathode(102) through a molding and sintering process; the second step of preparing a matrix(108) by mixing the main ingredient with an electrolyte; the third step of manufacturing a unit cell by laminating the anode, the cathode and the matrix. The first step of preparing the cathode is performed in such a manner that an electrolyte is uniformly deposited onto the sintered sheet and heated at a predetermined temperature so as to be impregnated into air holes. The second step of preparing the matrix includes the steps of mixing the electrolyte and binding agent and spattering the mixture; making slurry by mixing the spattered mixture with aluminate; and molding the slurry.
NOVELTY - The moist gas and dry gas are allowed to flow orthogonally to the inner surface and outer surface of several hollow fiber membranes arranged inside a housing along longitudinal direction. The moisture content between the gases is exchanged.    USE - For humidifying dry gas ejected from fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Performs the exchange of moisture content between the gases by flowing the moist gas and dry gas along orthogonal direction. Recovers the water efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of humidifier.
NOVELTY - Several water permeable hollow fiber membranes (HF) of non-circular cross-sectional shape are stored in a longitudinal direction in a casing so that the flow path of gas flowing on the outer side is larger than that of circular fiber membranes. Exchange of moisture is performed between two gases of different moisture contents flowing inside and outside the fiber membranes.    USE - For performing humidification of solid electrolyte type fuel cells used as power sources in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The harmony of the characteristics which usually conflict can be secured by increasing the surface area of the hollow fiber membranes and enabling a reduction of pressure loss. An improvement in humidification capability can be achieved and a favorable humidification can be performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas whose moisture content is low is humidified, while the gas whose moisture content is high is dehumidified according to exchange of moisture content between both gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a perspective view of the structure of non-circular hollow fiber membranes used in humidification equipment.    Hollow fiber membrane (HF)
NOVELTY - Several hollow fiber membranes (21b) are arranged inside a housing (21a) along longitudinal direction. The gases of different moisture contents are allowed to flow to the inner and outer surfaces of hollow fiber membranes, so that exchange of moisture content between the gases is performed. Air flow inlet (21c) is provided on the edge of housing along longitudinal direction.    USE - For humidifying gas discharged from fuel cells used for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Efficiently exchanges the moisture content at the edge of the housing by spreading the gas which flows at the outer surface of hollow fiber pipe through air flow inlet at the edge. Recovers water efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of hollow fiber membrane module in humidifier.    Housing (21a)    Hollow fiber membranes (21b)    Air flow inlet (21c)
NOVELTY - A flame monitoring unit (220) with a flame rod (219) detects flame in combustion chamber. A heat gas supply unit mixes high calorie gas with the low calorie gas and supplies to the combustion chamber, while the flame is detected.    USE - For solid polymer fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The flame in the combustion chamber is effectively detected by the provision of flame rod in the flame monitoring unit.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell electricity generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of the process gas burner. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Flame rod (219)    Flame monitoring unit (220)
NOVELTY - The anode and the cathode are arranged through the solid polymer film (21). The water repellent material such as tetrafluoroethylene is sprayed to peripheral circumference (215) of polymer film.    USE - Solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Maintains excellent wettability of polymer film by reducing moisture transfer in polymer film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the assembly drawing of fuel cell.    Solid polymer film (21)    Peripheral circumference of polymer film (215)
NOVELTY - A barrier layer (2) that prevents penetration of water vapor, oxygen, decomposition product or an additive agent, is formed on surface (P) of the solar battery element (1).    USE - Solar battery element including crystalline silicon solar battery element or amorphous silicon solar battery element with protective layer for use in solar battery module (claimed) used in calculator, various electronic devices and consumer application and in large scale solar power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance, wind pressure resistance, and hail resistance. Thereby, improving durability of the solar battery element. Offers inexpensive and safe solar battery element using simple manufacturing processes.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery element.    Solar battery element (1)    Barrier layer (2)    Solar battery element surface (P)
NOVELTY - A reformed gas containing H2 and CO is generated from a hydrogen group fuel in a fuel modifier (6). A CO transformer (7) performs a water gas shift reaction of the generated gas to obtain H2 and CO2 from the CO in the generated gas. An oxygen supply unit feeds oxygen to the CO transformer, so that combustion reaction of H2 is performed at a predetermined time from the time of start-up in CO transformer.    USE - In fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables generation of H2 reliably, rapidly increasing temperature, and enhances life of CO transformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell co-generation type hot water supply system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (6)    CO Transformer (7)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has reformer (3) which reforms hydrocarbon group fuel to heating gas containing hydrogen, and fuel cell (4) which receives the heating gas. Electromotive force is obtained by the electrochemical reaction of the heating gas. The reformer has plasma discharge device (32) which plasmifies hydrocarbon group fuel.    USE - As power source e.g. in electric motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The reforming of hydrocarbon fuel is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (3)    Fuel cell (4)    Plasma discharge device (32)
NOVELTY - Oxidizing agent gas containing heating gas is supplied to anode and cathode after treating with ion exchange property substance.    USE - Used as electricity generation system in spacecraft.    ADVANTAGE - Since gas treated with ion exchange property substance is supplied, accumulation of ion into solid polymer electrolyte film is eliminated and hence resistance raise and voltage reduction are suppressed.
NOVELTY - Contact portions (5) consisting of pair of electrode layers laminated to both sides of polymeric electrolyte film (4) of hydrogen ion conductivity through catalyst layers (3a) are separated by electroconductive separator (7). gas supply unit (10) provided with water absorption material (11a) in its inner side gas supply groove (6) provided inside separator (7) for supplying gas to respective electrode layers, and gas elimination unit are alternately laminated.    USE - For portable electric power unit, electric vehicles and domestic electric power unit system.    ADVANTAGE - Since water absorption material is provided inside the gas supply unit, condensation of water particles with in the pipe line is prevented, hence maintaining humidification of electrode layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of principle portion of poly electrolyte type fuel cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst layers (3a)    Polymeric electrolyte film (4)    Groove (6)    Separator (7)    Supply unit (10)    Absorption material (11a)
NOVELTY - Several cells comprising air pole and fuel electrode are laminated sequentially. Oxidizing gas supplied to air pole through the air passageway (14) reacts with heating gas supplied to fuel electrode through fuel gas passageway (18) for generating electric power. Combustors (3,12) are provided adjacent to the air and fuel gas passageways (14,18), respectively for heating the laminated cells.    USE - Solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As combustors are provided on both sides of air pole and fuel electrode, need for separate electric heater is avoided and difference in temperature is reduced, thus the temperature of battery is raised uniformly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid electrolyte fuel cell activating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of solid electrolyte fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Combustors (3,12)    Air passageway (14)    Fuel gas passageway (18)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen filling unit (30) fills an alloy tank (14) with hydrogen. The alloy tank supplies hydrogen to a fuel cell (12). A cooling unit (50) circulates a cooling medium to the tank and the fuel cell while hydrogen is filled in the tank. The cooling medium is returned back to a purification unit (70) after the cooling operation. At least a portion of purified coolant is returned back to the cooling unit.    USE - For regeneration of hydrogen filling device.    ADVANTAGE - Regenerates fuel cell system efficiently due to recycling of portion of cooling medium after purification.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for cooling medium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram explaining the regeneration method for fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel (12)    Alloy tank (14)    Hydrogen filling unit (30)    Cooling unit (50)    Purification unit (70)
NOVELTY - Several single cells are laminated between separator (24) and cathode (22). The magnets (5,6) form magnetic field in a single cell (15) and gradient magnetic field on the flow path through which oxidation gas is passed in a single cell.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The activity of electrochemical reaction is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional structure of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Magnets (5,6)    Single cell (15)    Cathode (22)    Separator (24)
NOVELTY - A separator (4) for fuel cell (20) consists of complex formed by mixing graphite powder and thermosetting resin, such that composition ratio of graphite powder and resin is set to 60-90% and 10 to 40%, respectively. At least an end face of separator contacting with an electrode, is coated with conductive film made of a material having lower specific resistance than the complex.    USE - The separator is used for fuel cell used in electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - A separator of desired shape with excellent moldability and high productivity is obtained. The contact resistance with respect to electrode is reduced, thereby the conductivity of separator is increased. Hence performance of fuel cell is improved. The bending elasticity of separator is enhanced, thus damage such as cracks due to vibrations is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows exploded perspective view of stack structure configuration of solid polymer electrolyte-type fuel cell.    Separator (4)    Fuel cell (20)
NOVELTY - Oxide ion conductor with the formula (I) is novel.    USE - Used in solid oxide fuel cells, in a gas sensor and an oxygen separating membrane in an electrochemical oxygen pump (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The conductor has high mechanical strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formula (I) is :    Ln1AxGa1-y+z+wB1yB2zB3wO3-d (I)    where, Ln1 = La, Ce, Pr, Nd or Sm; B1 = Mg, Al or In; B2 = Co, Fe, Ni or Cu; B3 = Al, Mg, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn or Zr; x = 0.05-0.3; y = 0.025-0.29; z = 0.01-0.15; w = 0.01-0.15; y + z + w = 0.035-0.3; and d = 0.04-0.3.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of an oxide ion conductor comprising mixing powdered oxides of Ln1, A, Ga, B1 and B2 to form a first powdered mixture; calcining the mixture at 500-1300degrees C for 1-10 hours to form a calcined powder; mixing a powdered oxide of B3 with the calcined powder to form a second powdered mixture; molding the second powdered mixture to give a molding of predetermined shape; and sintering at 1200-1600degrees C for 0.5-20 hours.
NOVELTY - A reforming catalyst for modifying hydrocarbons comprises metal component Ru or Zr on a carrier and 0.1 wt. % or less chlorine atom.    USE - Used in fuel batteries to improve the working life.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst does not cause corrosion of surrounding device, has good activity per amount of Ru and at high temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (1) preparation of the catalyst by carrying the metal component and then washing off the chlorine atoms, (2) a similar preparation wherein the chlorine is washed off with alkali water, (3) a similar preparation wherein the chlorine is washed off by heat treatment, (4) a similar preparation wherein the chlorine is removed by heat treatment and washing, and (5) a preparation which the combination of (1), (2) and (3), (6) a similar catalyst obtained by impregnating the metal component in the carrier and (un)continuously floating drying the catalyst, (7) preparation of (6), and (8) water steam modification method using the catalyst, (9) a catalyst wherein the carrier is alumina.
NOVELTY - A liquid electrolyte fuel cell comprises nanoporous matrix between electrodes.    USE - As liquid electrolytic fuel cell for directly converting chemical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell enables liquid electrolyte to be held within the pores of the matrix at vapor pressures below the dew point, thus rendering electrolyte migration out of matrix more thermodynamically unfavorable than in present liquid electrolyte fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A liquid electrolyte fuel cell (10) comprises two pyrolyzed carbon electrode with inner and outer surfaces, an electrolyte impregnable insulating layer (16) between the electrodes (12, 14), an electrocatalyst (18) deposited on the outer surface of each electrode. One of the electrodes defines an anode and the other defines a cathode. The insulating layer is interposed in the electrodes. The electrodes and insulating matrix layer comprises at least partially non-porous material to provide a continuous electrolyte path between the anode and cathode.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of a liquid fuel cell comprising suspending two conductive carbons in two pyrolysis precursor solutions, pyrolyzing the suspension to form at least a partial nanoporous two electrodes, bonding the electrodes together with an interposed insulating nanoporous material, depositing an electrocatalyst on the exposed surface of each electrode to form a fuel cell, and impregnating the fuel cell with a liquid electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of an electrode.    Fuel cell (10)    Electrodes (12, 14)    Insulating layer (16)    Electrocatalyst (18)
NOVELTY - The internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell (1) has membrane (11) made of nickel or nickel alloy for intercepting transfer of carbonate vapor and/or hydrated vapor converted from reaction between carbonate vapor and steam, to internal reforming catalyst. The membrane is positioned between anode (3) and current collector (10) of the fuel cell.    USE - As internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A highly efficient molten carbonate fuel cell having an intercepting membrane for intercepting carbonate vapor which reduces the deactivation of internal reforming catalyst, is offered. Nickel or nickel alloy has low affinity for carbonate vapor, high electrical conductivity and high corrosion resistance in anode environment. Transfer of carbonate and/or hydrated vapor to a reforming catalyst is prevented and hence life time of fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-sectional view of internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell having carbonate vapor intercepting membrane.    Fuel cell (1)    Anode (3)    Current collector (10)    Intercepting membrane (11)
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer consists of combustor (14) which supplies combustion gas to modifier (12), and heat carrier circulating system (16). Heating gas, water vapor and oxygen gas are supplied to modifier, forming hydrogen gas. When temperature of heat carrier is reduced, oxygen gas is supplied to modifier, oxidation reaction is accelerated, and heat carrier is circulated between combustor and modifier.    USE - The fuel reformer is used as a fuel cell used as electric power unit in electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The heat carrier is heated quickly using the oxidation reaction. Temperature of heat carrier is increased, without supplying high temperature gas to the modifier from combustor, and initiation time of fuel reformer is reduced. Stable state of the fuel reformer is attained in a short time and the load fluctuation resistance is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for initiation of fuel reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (12)    Combustor (14)    Heat carrier circulating system (16)
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst contains a zeolite support having a silica-alumina ratio of 50 or more, carrying platinum and ruthenium. The zeolite support is MFI type zeolite, beta-form zeolite and USY type zeolite.    USE - As a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst for carbon monoxide concentration reduction in methanol reformed gas.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide concentration in methanol reformed gas is reduced efficiently in a larger temperature area with a reduced amount of oxygen introduction, using the catalyst. The carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst has high hydrophobicity of zeolite and prevents adsorption of water on the surface of the catalyst. Catalytic reaction inhibition is reduced. Selective oxidation property of the catalyst is improved. Carbon monoxide concentration in methanol reformed gas is reduced effectively without hydrogen concentration reduction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for carbon monoxide concentration reduction.
NOVELTY - A catalyst for removing carbon monoxide in gas containing hydrogen is manufactured by mixing ruthenium compound and alkali metal compound and/or alkaline earth metal compound. The above mixed solution is applied on a fire-proof inorganic oxide support.    USE - For removing carbon monoxide in gas containing hydrogen used for fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has excellent carbon monoxide oxidation removal effect. The catalyst is prepared easily by simultaneous coating of metal.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) A catalyst for carbon monoxide removal in gas containing hydrogen which is obtained by coating mixture of ruthenium compound and alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal compound on fire-proof inorganic oxide support; and    (ii) Removal of carbon monoxide in gas containing hydrogen which involves oxidizing carbon monoxide and removing with oxygen using the catalyst.
NOVELTY - Process for shortening the cold start time of a CO oxidation catalyst (8) in a reformate gas of a fuel cell system (6) of a vehicle comprises adsorbing start-delaying gas components from the reformate gas in an adsorber (1) during the cooling phase after switching off the vehicle.    USE - Used in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Coating of pores and active centers of the catalyst surface with start-delaying gas components is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for carrying out the process comprising an adsorber (1) limited by a housing (2) and having a pipe for introducing the reformate gas. The space between the outer housing and the pipe is filled with adsorber material. Preferred Features: The adsorber is arranged upstream of the CO oxidation catalyst. Additional air is added to the adsorber. The reformate gas is produced in a thermally insulated reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the adsorber in the gas flow of a fuel cell system.    adsorber (1)    housing (2)    fuel cell system (6)    CO oxidation catalyst (8)
NOVELTY - A polymer comprises a specific halogenated nitrogen-containing compound.    USE - The polymer is used in the production of a macromolecular solid electrolyte (claimed) for fuel cells or lithium secondary cells. The solid electrolyte can be used as materials for electrochemical devices, e.g. diaphragm for an ion electrode, a capacitor for aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and a sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The invention produces an electrolyte that shows no decline of ion conductivity even at low temperatures as of not more than 10degreesC.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A polymer formed of structural units is of formula (I).    R = 1-4C alkylene residue;    X = cation of nitrogen-containing compound;    Z = residue of monoethylenically unsaturated compound;    m = 2-20;    n = 3-500;    p = 0-2.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of obtaining a polymer by polymerizing a monomer with an acid group to a compound of formula (II) to obtain a polymer (A) or in the presence of a monoethylenic monomer to obtain a polymer (B), and causing the polymer to react with a cationic nitrogen-containing compound.
NOVELTY - A fuel oil for internal combustion engine and fuel cell combined use contains at least 50 vol.% of an alkylate gasoline.    USE - The fuel oil is used in both internal combustion engines and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel oil for fuel cells can produce hydrogen with good efficiency, has no adverse effect on a reformation catalyst and an electrode of a fuel cell, and is reduced to deterioration of a reformation catalyst. The fuel oil for engines has a high octane value and can be sued without causing knocking.
NOVELTY - Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage is formed by heat treating carbonaceous material at at least 50degreesC under a reducing gas atmosphere.    USE - Used in the production of a hydrogen storage material for use in batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - A large amount of hydrogen is efficiently absorbed, and resource problems and environmental problems are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (1) the manufacture of the carbonaceous material by heat treating carbonaceous material at at least 50degreesC under a reducing gas atmosphere;    (2) a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material by storing hydrogen in the carbonaceous material;    (3) the manufacture of a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material;    (4) a battery where the cathode and the anode are based on the carbonaceous material; and    (5) a fuel cell which has a laminate structure of a cathode, proton conductor and anode, and has hydrogen storage part which contains the carbonaceous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the structure of the fuel cell.    Positive Electrode (1)    Negative Electrode (2)    Positive Electrode Lead (3)    Catalyst (5)    Negative Electrode Lead (6)    Catalyst (7)    Proton Conductor (8)    Hydrogen Supply Source (10)    Inlet (11)    Hydrogen (12)    Flow Path (13)    Outlet (14)    Air (15)    Inlet (16)    Flow Path (17)    Outlet (18)
NOVELTY - Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage is formed by heat treating carbonaceous material in a gas atmosphere containing hydrogen and containing no reactive gas as impurity gas.    USE - Used in the production of a hydrogen storage material for use in batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The preparation of the carbonaceous material can be carried out together with cleaning of the surface of the carbonaceous material and only by the control of the time of the heat treatment in a gas atmosphere containing hydrogen and no reactive gas as an impurity. This allows miniaturization of a hydrogen storage apparatus, but also the simplification of a hydrogen storage system and a hydrogen storage process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (1) the manufacture of the carbonaceous material by heat treating carbonaceous material in a gas atmosphere containing hydrogen and containing no reactive gas as impurity gas;    (2) a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material by storing hydrogen in the carbonaceous material;    (3) the manufacture of a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material;    (4) a battery where the cathode and the anode are based on the carbonaceous material; and    (5) a fuel cell which has a laminate structure of a cathode, proton conductor and anode, and has hydrogen storage part which contains the carbonaceous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the structure of the fuel cell.    Positive Electrode (1)    Negative Electrode (2)    Positive Electrode Lead (3)    Catalyst (5)    Negative Electrode Lead (6)    Catalyst (7)    Proton Conductor (8)    Hydrogen Supply Source (10)    Inlet (11)    Hydrogen (12)    Flow Path (13)    Outlet (14)    Air (15)    Inlet (16)    Flow Path (17)    Outlet (18)
NOVELTY - Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage is formed by heat treating carbonaceous material at up to 800degreesC, prior to absorbing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of at least 50 atmospheres.    USE - Used in the production of a hydrogen storage material for use in batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The heat treatment of a carbonaceous material under the hydrogen pressure results in the formation of the carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is stored in a large amount, and resource problems and environmental problems are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) the manufacture of the carbonaceous material by heat treating carbonaceous material at up to 800degreesC prior to absorbing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of at least 50 atmospheres;    (2) a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material by storing hydrogen in the carbonaceous material;    (3) the manufacture of a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material;    (4) a battery where the cathode and the anode are based on the carbonaceous material; and    (5) a fuel cell which has a laminate structure of a cathode, proton conductor and anode, and has hydrogen storage part which contains the carbonaceous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the structure of the fuel cell.    Positive Electrode (1)    Negative Electrode (2)    Positive Electrode Lead (3)    Catalyst (5)    Negative Electrode Lead (6)    Catalyst (7)    Proton Conductor (8)    Hydrogen Supply Source (10)    Inlet (11)    Hydrogen (12)    Flow Path (13)    Outlet (14)    Air (15)    Inlet (16)    Flow Path (17)    Outlet (18)
NOVELTY - Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage is formed by heat treating carbonaceous material prior to absorbing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of less than 50 atmospheres.    USE - Used in the production of a hydrogen storage material for use in batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The heat treatment of a carbonaceous material under the hydrogen pressure results in the formation of the carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is stored in a large amount, and resource problems and environmental problems are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (1) the manufacture of the carbonaceous material by heat treating carbonaceous material prior to absorbing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of less than 50 atmospheres;    (2) a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material by storing hydrogen in the carbonaceous material;    (3) the manufacture of a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material;    (4) a battery where the cathode and the anode are based on the carbonaceous material; and    (5) a fuel cell which has a laminate structure of a cathode, proton conductor and anode, and has hydrogen storage part which contains the carbonaceous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the structure of the fuel cell.    Positive Electrode (1)    Negative Electrode (2)    Positive Electrode Lead (3)    Catalyst (5)    Negative Electrode Lead (6)    Catalyst (7)    Proton Conductor (8)    Hydrogen Supply Source (10)    Inlet (11)    Hydrogen (12)    Flow Path (13)    Outlet (14)    Air (15)    Inlet (16)    Flow Path (17)    Outlet (18)
NOVELTY - Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage is formed by heat treating carbonaceous material at at least230degreesC under reduced pressure.    USE - Used in the production of a hydrogen storage material for use in batteries and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The heat treatment of a carbonaceous material under reduced pressure cleans the surface efficiently which results in the increase of the area for the contact of the carbonaceous material with hydrogen atoms or hydrogen molecules. Hydrogen is stored in a large amount and resource problems and environmental problems are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (1) the manufacture of the carbonaceous material by heat treating carbonaceous material at at least230degreesC under reduced pressure;    (2) a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material by storing hydrogen in the carbonaceous material;    (3) the manufacture of a hydrogen-absorbed carbonaceous material;    (4) a battery where the cathode and the anode are based on the carbonaceous material; and    (5) a fuel cell which has a laminate structure of a cathode, proton conductor and anode, and has hydrogen storage part which contains the carbonaceous material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the structure of the fuel cell.    Positive Electrode (1)    Negative Electrode (2)    Positive Electrode Lead (3)    Catalyst (5)    Negative Electrode Lead (6)    Catalyst (7)    Proton Conductor (8)    Hydrogen Supply Source (10)    Inlet (11)    Hydrogen (12)    Flow Path (13)    Outlet (14)    Air (15)    Inlet (16)    Flow Path (17)    Outlet (18)
NOVELTY - A fuel processor has a shell, a hydrogen-producing region and a separation region that separates the mixed gas stream into a hydrogen-rich stream forming the product hydrogen stream comprising hydrogen gas and a byproduct stream. Part of the fuel processor is a modular component that can be accessed, removed, and replaced as a unit into an operational position of the fuel processor.    USE - For producing hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - The processor is applicable in any fuel processing system or fuel cell system in which hydrogen gas is produced for delivery to a fuel cell stack or other hydrogen-consuming device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel processor comprises a shell; a hydrogen-producing region at least partially contained within the shell; and a separation region that receives the mixed gas stream. The separation region separates the mixed gas stream into a hydrogen-rich stream, forming at least a substantial portion of the product hydrogen stream and containing hydrogen gas, and a byproduct stream containing other gases. A portion of the fuel processor is a modular component that is adapted to be accessed, removed from and replaced as a unit into an operational position of the fuel processor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a cartridge-based fuel processor.    Reforming region (32)    Separation region (38)    Filter assembly (60)
NOVELTY - A low temperature fuel cell comprises gas distribution channels having hydrophilic walls. The hydrophilic channels are connected to a liquid filled water drain to remove water from the gas distribution channels.    USE - As a fuel cell, i.e. polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Provides improved fuel utilization and increased system efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell stack, comprising a water removal system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of a fuel cell.    Proton conducting membrane (1)    Hydrophobic backing (2)    Cell plate (3)    Gas distribution channels (4)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical element comprises separator film (19) with a unit length to wrap electrochemical cells, and folding outward every unit length in a Z-shape starting from the cell of a first spot to the last spot continuously while the remaining film wraps an outer portion of the stacked cell.    USE - Electrochemical element for e.g., supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, primary batteries, secondary batteries, fuel cells, sensors, electrolysis devices, and electrochemical reactors.    ADVANTAGE - The invention is easy to manufacture, uses space available efficiently, and maximizes the content of the active electrode material so that a highly integrated battery can be implemented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrochemical element comprises multiple stacked electrochemical cells formed by stacking full cells having a cathode, a separator layer, and an anode as a basic unit; and a separator film between each stacked full cell. The separator film has a unit length to wrap the electrochemical cells and folds outward every unit length in a Z-shape starting from the cell of a first spot to the last spot continuously while the remaining film wraps an outer portion of the stacked cell.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing an electrochemical element by placing a full cell on and below the separator film continuously or alternately, laminating the full cells and the separator film and folding outward the laminated cells and separator film to the full cell adjacent next to the first full cell in a Z-shape and wrapping the remaining separator film round an outer portion of the stacked full cell at least once so that the full cell is stacked.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a layered structure of a cell.    Separator film (19)    Bicell (23, 24)
NOVELTY - A liquid raw material is vaporized in a vaporizing section (30), and the vapor is reformed in a reforming section (50). A pressure regulator regulates vapor pressure in the vaporizing section. A controller controls the pressure regulator, based on quantitative requirement of hydrogen to be generated.    USE - For generating hydrogen gas from liquids such as liquefied natural gas, gasoline, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers and aldehydes, etc., for fuel cells or hydrogen engines used in vehicles, marine vessels, airplanes and flying bodies.    ADVANTAGE - The rate of vaporization and the speed of response of hydrogen generation can be improved, by controlling the pressure in the vaporizing section. Energy efficiency can be improved by suppressing excess vapor generation. Sudden increase in pressure by delay control of flow control valve, is avoided by reforming gas.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a vapor generating apparatus; and    (b) a hydrogen generating system control method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a hydrogen generating system.    Vaporizing section (30)    Reforming section (50)
NOVELTY - Provided is a thin-film photoelectrode made of ion-added titanium oxide compound which is used for converting light energy to electric energy. A method for preparing the thin-film photoelectrode and a method for generating photoelectrical current using the same are also claimed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The thin-film photoelectrode is made of a titanium oxide compound of formula CG/TixMyO2.    CG = conducting glass, which collects photoelectrical current generated from a semiconductor, such as indium tin oxide glass or SnO2 glass;    M = ionic materials added to synthesize the titanium oxide semiconductor compound and is selected from the group consisting of P, As, Sb, Cr, V, Mo, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Al, Ga, Sn, Pb, S, Y, Rb, Na, Mg and Ca;    x = atom % of Ti/(Ti+M) and is 92.00-99.99; and    y = atom % of M/(Ti+M) and is 0.01-8.00.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the method for preparing the thin-film photoelectrode of titanium oxide compound by:    (i) gradually adding Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 mixed with isopropanol to distilled water to make atom % of Ti/(Ti+M) be 92.00-99.99 under nitrogen atmosphere and intensely stirring the solution for 5-20 minutes;    (ii) after adding HNO3 to the obtained solution of the step (i) until the pH value is 1-2 to accurately deposit titania, adding ionic materials to the solution to make atom % of M/(Ti+M) = 0.01-8.00;    (iii) intensely mixing the solution at a temperature of 60-100 degreesC for 5-10 hours and then evaporating water to obtain sol having viscosity;    (iv) after dropping fixed amount of the obtained sol on ITO plate to coat the plate with the sol in order to have uniform thickness, sintering the ITO plate at a temperature of 200-550 degreesC for 30-60 minutes.
NOVELTY - Water vapor, air and methanol are made to react in the presence of a catalyst component that includes zinc as main composition, and has metal support. The metal support is made up of metal or metal alloy having thermal conductivity of about 20 W/m asterisk at 300K, where metal is selected from group containing Cu, Ag, Au, and Al.    USE - For hydrogen synthesis for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst can be used stably for long period, as catalyst temperature is equalized with self heat supply type methanol modification reaction vessel. As catalyst support of predefined thermal conductivity is used, methanol reaction rate is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure depicts the graphical representation explaining change of catalyst layer temperature difference by reaction time. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The separator has a metal plate provided with a groove or a rip in the surface which is in contact with the electrode, to form a gas passage way. A sealing structure (7) containing several elastic materials with mutually different hardness levels, is provided to prevent the leakage of gas from the gas passage way.    USE - For polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces cost of fuel cell, by reducing the number of components and the number of assembly process. Provides a sealing effect to improve the reliability of the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gas is supplied to polymeric electrolyte film pinched between a pair of electrodes. An electroconductive separator containing a gas passage way for ejecting a formation gas and remainder gas is laminated on the electrolyte film.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Manufacturing method of electroconductive separator and a polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell;    (b) Polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of sealing structure.    Sealing structure (7)
NOVELTY - The mixture of a copolymer of a styrene group monomer and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group monomer, and which do not have a unsaturated bond, and a monomer with a functional group or the ion exchange group which can introduce an ion exchange group, is adhered to a base material, polymerized, and molded. A redox flow battery diaphragm is manufactured by introducing ion exchange group depending on necessity.    USE - For manufacture of a redox flow battery diaphragm.    ADVANTAGE - The redox flow battery diaphragm obtained has excellent durability, and charging and discharging efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The mixture of a copolymer of a styrene group monomer and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group monomer, and which do not have a unsaturated bond, and a monomer which has a functional group or the ion exchange group which can introduce an ion exchange group, a crosslinking agent, and a polymerization initiator, is adhered to a base material, polymerized, and molded. A redox flow battery diaphragm is manufactured by introducing ion exchange group depending on necessity.
NOVELTY - Ion electroconductive film has low electroconductivity in the surface when compared with electroconductivity in the inner side.    USE - As electrolyte of fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The ion electroconductive film is new and suppresses cross-over of methanol and maintains ion electroconductivity. The small-sized fuel cell which provides stable output, is formed using the ion electroconductive film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (i) manufacture of ion electroconductive film which involves irradiating electron beam on surface of electroconductive film;    (ii) fuel cell which comprises oxidating agent electrode, fuel electrode adjacent to oxidating agent electrode, and electrolyte film which is ion electroconductive film, between the oxidating agent electrode and fuel electrode.
NOVELTY - A separator for a fuel cell consists of graphite particles and a noncarbonaceous thermoplastic resin. The graphite particles contain at least graphite coarse particles having a mean particle diameter (D50%) of 40-120 micronmeters.    USE - The method produces the separator for the fuel cell, particularly, for a solid macromolecular fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has superior gas impermeability, electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, mechanical strength, and acid resistance without a carbonization.graphitization process, or a cutting process. The method employs a molding.shaping process without the carbonization.graphitization process, or the cutting process. The result exhibits high electrical conductivity and heat conductivity, and forms a groove (a gass passage) having high dimensional accuracy.
NOVELTY - A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) is fabricated by coating nano-sized catalytic metal particles (23) on proton exchange polymer membrane by sputtering catalytic metal source; coating carbon particles (22) on polymer membrane by arc discharging or sputtering a carbon source to form nanophase catalyst layer; and bonding electrodes to polymer membrane having nanophase catalyst layer.    USE - The method is used for fabricating a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method reduces the amount of catalyst required and improves catalyst utilization efficiency with improved fuel gas permeability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a fuel cell using MEA; and    (B) a MEA comprising a proton exchange polymer membrane; catalyst layer; and electrodes attached to the proton exchange polymer membrane and catalyst layer. The catalyst layer has a thickness of 10-100 nm, and the coated catalytic metal and carbon particles have particle size of 2-10 nm.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of a catalyst layer.    Carbon particles (22)    Catalytic metal particles (23)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell gas separator comprises a separator base material formed from a metal, a noble metal coating layer, and a carbon coating layer on the noble metal coating layer. The noble metal coating layer is formed on the separator base material surface, in a region of the gas separator that contacts an adjacent fuel cell anode and cathode, when the gas separator is integrated into a fuel cell.    USE - As fuel cell gas separator.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell gas separator has excellent corrosion resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell gas separator comprises a separator base material (60) formed from a metal, a noble metal coating layer (64), and a carbon coating layer (66) on the noble metal coating layer. The noble metal coating layer is formed on the separator base material surface, in a region of the gas separator that contacts an adjacent fuel cell anode and cathode when the gas separator is integrated into a fuel cell. A gas flow path is formed between the separator and the fuel cell anode, and between the separator and the fuel cell cathode. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing the fuel cell gas separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the fuel cell gas separator.    gas separator (30)    separator base material (60)    underlying coating layer (62)    noble metal coating layer (64)    carbon coating layer (66)
NOVELTY - Coating a substrate (1) with amorphous hydrogen-containing silicon layers (a-Si: H layers) (7) comprises introducing a sputtering gas and a reactive gas containing silicon or a silicon compound into a gas flow sputtering source (8) with a target that contains silicon.    USE - Used in the production of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Good a-Si: H layers are produced in an in-line process.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A hollow cathode gas flow sputtering source is used as the gas flow sputtering source. The reactive gas is SiH4 or Si2H6, optionally mixed with additional reactive gas. A noble gas is introduced into the sputtering source as sputtering gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a device used in the coating process.    Amorphous hydrogen-containing substrate (1)    Silicon layers (7)    Gas flow sputtering source (8)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell power generation method utilizing the methane fermentation of organic matter comprising of methane fermentation, pretreatment, and hydrogen production steps, respectively, is new.    USE - The fuel cell power generation method allows for the recovery of chemical energy of organic matter in the form of hydrogen-containing gas. This method is also applicable to methane fermentation gas produced in landfills.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen gas obtained in the reaction is converted to electric energy with high efficiency compared to prior art methods. Unlike methods such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA), power for altering the pressure of the gas is unnecessary, the recovery of methane is higher, and the running cost is significantly reduced. The concentration of methane in the gas is controlled at a constant level by varying the flow rate or temperature of (VII) during (VI), increasing the energy efficiency of the process. This method also has a significantly reduced environmental load.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell power generation method utilizing the methane fermentation of organic matter, comprises:    (i) subjecting organic matter to a methane fermentation step (I) to yield a digestion gas (II);    (ii) a pretreatment step (III) for pre-treating (II);    (iii) producing hydrogen containing gas (IV) from (II); and    (iv) a fuel cell power generation step for supplying (IV) to a fuel cell (V) to produce electricity.    (III) comprises an alkaline absorption step (VI) for absorbing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide contained in (II) into an alkaline absorbent solution (VII).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell power generation system.
NOVELTY - An electrochemical element comprises multi-stacked electrochemical cells. The electrochemical cells formed by stacking full cells (17) or bicells include a cathode (7), separator layer (15), and an anode (8) sequentially as a basic unit; and a separator film interposed between each stacked full cell or bicell.    USE - As supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, primary or secondary batteries, fuel cells, sensors, electrolysis devices, or electrochemical reactors.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a unique but simple way of maximizing the content of electrode active material in a prismatic battery. It is easy to manufacture and has a structure, which uses the space availability efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a layered structure of a full cell.    Cathode (7)    Anode (8)    Current collector (11, 12)    Anodic material (13)    Cathodic material (14)    Separator layer (15)    Full cells (17)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical element comprises multi-stacked electrochemical cells. The electrochemical cells formed by stacking full cells (17) or bicells having a cathode (7), separator layer (15), and an anode (8) sequentially as a basic unit; and a separator film interposed between each stacked full cell or bicell.    USE - As supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, primary or secondary batteries, fuel cells, sensors, electrolysis devices, or electrochemical reactors.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides a unique but simple way of maximizing the content of electrode active material in a prismatic battery. It is easy to manufacture and has a structure, which uses the space availability efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manufacturing an electrochemical element of the above invention comprising (i) placing a first full cell or bicell at a first spot of a side of the separator film, placing a second full cell at a distance corresponding to the width plus thickness of the full cell away in longitudinal direction of the separator film, and placing a third full cell and next full cells at a distance corresponding to the thickness of the full cell plus thickness of the film incremented as the film is folded; (ii) laminating the placed full cells and the separator film of (i); and (iii) folding and winding inward the laminated full cells and the separator film of (ii) to the full cell adjacent next to the first full cell so that each full is folded to stack the full cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a layered structure of a full cell.    Cathode (7)    Anode (8)    Current collector (11, 12)    Anodic material (13)    Cathodic material (14)    Separator layer (15)    Full cells (17)
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises conductive separators consisting of corrugated metal plates; electrolyte film/electrode assembly inserted between separators; and gas charge and discharge device for charging and discharging fuel gas and oxidizing gas to and from the anode and cathode.    USE - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolyte film/electrode assembly includes a polymer electrolyte film having its edge covered with a gasket and conducting hydrogen ions, an anode attached to one side of the electrolyte film, and a cathode attached to the other side of the electrolyte film.    The gas charge and discharge device charges and discharges fuel gas to and from the anode through channels in one side of the corrugated metal plates, and charges and discharges oxidizing gas to and from the cathode through channels in the other side of the corrugated metal plates.
NOVELTY - An intermediate or end element for a fuel cell comprises a pressure distributor for evenly distributing pressure.    USE - Used for a fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - The weight and volume of the stack are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel stack composed of stacked fuel cell units (11) and cooling plates (12).    Preferred features: The pressure distributor comprises a pressure plate (2), a hollow chamber (3) and a piston (4). The hollow chamber is filled with an noncompressible pressure medium (30), preferably water, oil, silicone and/or other synthetic or natural medium.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a fuel stack.    Pressure plate (2)    Hollow chamber (3)    Piston (4)    Fuel cell unit (11)    Cooling plates (12)    Noncompresssible pressure medium (30)
NOVELTY - Organic compounds, i.e. dimethyl oxalate (DMO), glyoxylic acid or its methyl esters, glyoxylic aldehyde, poly(ethylene oxalate), or ethylene glycol (EG) or its oxalic, glyoxalic or formic esters, are used as fuels in non-alkaline fuel cells.    USE - For non-alkaline fuel cells, e.g. acidic liquid feed direct oxidation fuel cells, which are useful in a hybrid power source (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The use of the above organic compounds as fuels in fuel cells results in low crossover current and high efficiency. These organic compounds have higher boiling points than methanol, thus transporting through the proton conducting membrane in liquid phase at smaller diffusion coefficient. They maintain low concentration because they have lower solubility in water, and allow easier handling.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a direct oxidation fuel cell, comprising:    (a) an anode;    (b) a cathode;    (c) a proton conducting membrane between the anode and the cathode;    (d) mechanism for storing or supplying an organic fuel to the anode; and    (e) mechanism for supplying oxygen to the cathode;    (B) a method for evaluating the concentration of fuels in a solution, at a predetermined temperature, comprising:    (1) preparing calibration curves of crossover current against fuel concentration in the fuel cell;    (2) measuring the crossover current, and    (3) evaluating the fuel concentration from the measured crossover current and from the calibration curves; and    (C) a hybrid power source comprising:    (i) the above fuel cell(s);    (ii) a direct current-to-direct current converter, and    (iii) a rechargeable battery.
NOVELTY - Thin film solar cell comprises an absorber layer, preferably chalcopyrite with additions of Cu, In and Se (CIS), and, on the light incidence side, a transparent window electrode comprising thin metal layer and antireflection layer deposited on light-incidence side and opposite absorber layer. Highly light-refracting oxide or nitride layer(s) is located between absorber layer and thin metal layer.    USE - Thin layer solar cell production.    ADVANTAGE - A thin layer solar cell with an improved window electrode can be produced cost effectively    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: At least one dielectric layer comprises zinc oxide.    The thin metal layer of the window electrode preferably comprises silver or its alloy and has thickness of 20 nm. The total thickness of the window electrode is preferably 120 nm.    The antireflection layer comprises a highly light-refracting oxide or nitride layer.    The window electrode is formed from a succession of layers comprising at least one dielectric layer, the above thin metal layer and another dielectric layer, or, more preferably, a first highly light-refracting layer, a first metal layer, a second highly light-refracting layer, a second metal layer and the above antireflection layer.    At least one of the highly light-refracting layers is composed of one of ZnO, SnO2, BiOx, TiO2, Al2O3 and/or one of AlN and Si3N4.    The solar cell preferably has a second electrode comprising at least one metal layer and a highly light-refracting oxide or nitride layer.    A blocking layer is preferably disposed between the thin metal layer and highly light-refracting oxide or nitride layer.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is given for process for fabricating the above thin layer solar cell.
NOVELTY - A reforming catalyst for use in a steam reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon-based fuel, comprises a compound containing copper, zinc, zirconium, and manganese and/or yttrium.    USE - For use in a steam reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon-based fuel such as saturated hydrocarbon-based fuels such as methane, ethane, etc., unsaturated hydrocarbon-based fuels such as ethylene, propylene, etc., and other alcohols such as ethanol, particularly methanol, etc..    ADVANTAGE - The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbon-based fuel has improved durability and capability. Small amount of acetic acid formed in steam reforming reaction of the hydrocarbon-based fuel, in particular, of methanol, which degrades the capability or durability of the reforming catalyst is decomposed by the manganese and/or yttrium contained in the catalyst. Acetic acid causing deterioration in the capability and durability of the catalyst is reduced or eliminated, thereby capability and durability of the catalyst is improved. The methanol reforming catalyst obtained after baking is used immediately without being further processed. The methanol reforming catalyst is coated on the surfaces of the monolithic honeycomb such as a honeycomb tube, and monolithic catalyst is formed. The degree of freedom in designing the contact area per unit volume is increased, so that the steam reforming of methanol is efficiently performed. Since methanol reforming catalyst is subjected to hydrogen reduction at 200-400 degreesC, the methanol reforming catalyst does not undergo sintering with sharp temperature rise at the start of the use of catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) Monolithic catalyst which comprises the reforming catalyst coated on a surface of a monolithic honeycomb; and    (2) Production of the reforming catalyst which involves mixing oxides of copper, zinc, zirconium and manganese and/or yttrium to obtain a mixed oxide.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell with fuel inlet and exhaust, a hydrogen purification subsystem (4) including a membrane electrode assembly having a cathode side and an anode side in fluid communication with the fuel exhaust, and a power source connected to the anode and cathode side electrical connectors. The power source provides a potential across the connectors.    USE - As fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen purification subsystem removes hydrogen from the fuel gas output stream and transfers it to the fuel gas input stream, thus increasing the fuel cell system efficiency and decreasing the amount of hydrogen wasted during use of the fuel cell system relative to an otherwise identical fuel cell system having a design in which hydrogen contained in the fuel gas output stream is simply discarded.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of manipulating hydrogen in a fuel cell system comprising, flowing a fuel exhaust of a fuel cell across an anode side of an hydrogen purification subsystem membrane electrode assembly, applying a potential across the membrane electrode assembly to induce electrochemical hydrogen pumping through the assembly, and flowing a concentrated hydrogen stream from a cathode side to a hydrogen storage device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system.    Hydrogen purification subsystem (4)
NOVELTY - A thermosetting resin molding material contains 7-35 weight% (wt.%) of thermosetting resin, 50-90 wt.% of graphite and 0.1-15 wt.% of polyvinyl butyral, based on total amount of molding material.    USE - For electroconductive molding and for fuel battery separator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The thermosetting resin molding has excellent modlability, mechanical strength, electroconductivity, bending strength, volume resistivity and fluidity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electroconductive molding which is formed by molding the thermosetting resin molding material. The thickness the molding is 0.5-5 mm.
NOVELTY - The controller comprises the flow regulating valves which are arranged in the fuel flow path (2) and air flow path (5) to a modifier (1). The valves are regulated to obtain desire value, based on output of flow detectors. A limitation device (21) sets the range for air and fuel flow values, based on respective detected flow values corresponding to the magnitude of the load of the fuel cell (3).    USE - For modifier in fuel cell of power generation unit.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of range limitation device enables to set optimum air-fuel ratio, corresponding to the load requirement and hence accidental fire is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the controller. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (1)    Fuel flow path (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Air flow path (5)    Limitation device (21)
NOVELTY - The power is generated by hydrogen produced by dump power in the cell (1) when power demand is received. The heat generated by cell is used for superheating of vapor by the side of power generating plant by a heat exchanger (2).    USE - Power generation in nuclear power plant, steam generated power generating plant.    ADVANTAGE - Improves power storage efficiency by using heat energy of steam electrolysis of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of power storage system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cell (1)    Heat exchanger (2)
NOVELTY - The solar battery is equipped with a titanium dioxide electrode (101) having porosity of 50-99%. The titanium dioxide electrode sinters and forms anatase type titania microparticles.    USE - For use in satellites, industries and domestic purposes.    ADVANTAGE - The flat plate type titanium dioxide electrode has very high porosity and large surface area, thereby increases the contact area of the microparticles with the electrolyte solution and produces increased output of current. The titanium dioxide electrode efficiently absorbs unabsorbable visible light, thereby sharply increases the efficiency of solar battery. The titanium dioxide electrode does not sensitize and decompose the organic coloring matter in the battery, effectively improves the life span of solar battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of a solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Titanium dioxide electrode (101)
NOVELTY - A supply system has storage tank (1) for liquid hydrogenated aromatic compound and catalytic reactor equipped with heater (2) and dehydrogenation catalyst (3) for dehydrogenation at normal temperature. The supply system has cooler (7) and storage tank (8) for dehydrogenated product ejected from catalytic reactor. The hydrogen separated by hydrogen separator (6) is supplied to a fuel cell by a supply unit.    USE - For fuel cells used in motor vehicles and for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Highly pure hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell. Dehydrogenation of hydrogenate aromatic compound is effectively and continuously performed in presence of high performance metal catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of hydrogen fuel supply system.    Storage tanks (1,8)    Heater (2)    Dehydrogenation catalyst (3)    Hydrogen separator (6)    Cooler (7)    Heat exchanger (9)
NOVELTY - Apparatus for simultaneously producing current and a further energy form, e.g. mechanical energy and/or an external utilizable heat, from a hydrocarbon-based starting fuel (2) comprises a reformer (4) for partially reforming a starting stream (2a) producing hydrogen; a separating device (10) connected to the reformer for separating hydrogen from the partially reformed fuel stream (8); a fuel cell (16) connected to the separating device; and a combustion engine (6) to which fuel from the separating device is added and mechanical energy is produced, and/or a burner (6) to which fuel from the separating device is added and external utilizable heat is produced.    USE - Used as a combination of a household heater with energy supply, and as a heater with energy supply for a vehicle (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus can operate at low temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: Additional starting fuel (2b) is added which has not been fed through the reformer to the combustion engine and/or the burner. The separating device is an electrochemical hydrogen pump. The fuel cell is a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flow diagram of the apparatus.    hydrocarbon-based starting fuel (2)    starting stream (2a)    additional starting fuel (2b)    reformer (4)    combustion engine (6)    partially reformed fuel stream (8)    separating device (10)    fuel cell (16)
NOVELTY - The interior cell cavity defines a flow-path through which particulate material and fluid flows into an electroactive zone (119). A fluid mechanical device limits the fluid flow velocity in the electroactive zone, compared to the flow-path, to maintain constant electro-activity in electroactive zone.    USE - Refueling type electrical power source e.g., metal/air fuel cells such as aluminum/air fuel cells, lithium/air fuel cells, or iron/air fuel cells for electric vehicles, stationary and mobile applications. Also for electrochemical devices using solid particulate matter as an oxidant or reductant, or oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, bromine or liquids with dissolved oxidant, and for metal recovery systems e.g. zinc recovery system.    ADVANTAGE - Electroactive zone inside the cell-cavity is maximized by maintaining a constant/maximum electroactive condition. Hence the possibility of shunt current between the cells is inhibited and the fuel cell constant is maintained with metal fuel particles to maximize electrochemical activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) refueling type electrochemical power source cell filling method;    (b) portable or mobile electrical power system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic illustration of metal/air fuel cell system.    Electroactive zone (119)
NOVELTY - A purification by physical and chemical means is carried out to give a surface free from impurities and suitable for use in carbon-lithium anodes.    USE - The particles of purified graphite can be used in rechargeable cells and also in vehicle brakes and joints, and in the nuclear industry.    ADVANTAGE - The milling operation allows optimization of the particle distribution and gives a more homogeneous electrode. The natural impurities of the graphite ore act as a natural abrasive and imparts a hardness to the graphite to improve its mechanical properties.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Process for the preparation of graphite particles involves the following stages :- a) Milling of the graphite to a particles size of 1 - 50 mu ; b) Purification of the particles obtained to substantially eliminate impurities and corrosion sites. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the purified graphite and for carbon anodes constructed of the material and lithium ion batteries using the anodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a conventional treatment of graphite ore and figure 2 shows a process according to the invention.(Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A supported hydrogen-generation catalyst is produced by contacting a substrate with a solution containing a transition metal ion; and contacting the resulting substrate with a reducing agent.    USE - For producing supported hydrogen-generation catalyst.    ADVANTAGE - The supported hydrogen-generation catalyst is re-usable and produces the same rate of hydrogen in subsequent runs.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a hydrogen-generation system comprising a metal hydride solution containing metal hydride and water, and a hydrogen-generation catalyst system containing the specified catalyst.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell is operated by humidifying a reactant gas stream (600) with a humidifying liquid stream (900), while blocking at least 90% of the contaminants contained in the humidifying liquid stream from entering the reactant gas stream. The humidified reactant gas stream (610) is then allowed to flow through the fuel cell.    USE - The invention is used to operate a fuel cell which can be utilized to convert chemical energy to electrical energy by promoting chemical reaction between two reactant gases.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method can effectively prevent contamination of the reactant gases during humidification. It is also capable of purifying reactant gases during humidification. Further, it permits the use of relatively impure humidification liquid (e.g. tap water), reducing then the cost and complexity associated with the design and maintenance of the fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is schematic representation illustrating the operation of the fuel cell.    Preparation membranes (310, 410)    Reactant gas streams (500, 600)    Humidified reactant gas stream (610)    Humidifying liquid streams (800, 900)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen generator that decomposes organic material using a microorganism and generates hydrogen and comprising a controller that controls the amount of hydrogen generated and a fuel cell that converts hydrogen into electrical energy, is new.    USE - The generator is used as an energy generator such as a snow melting system.    ADVANTAGE - Energy conversion is performed safely. Since hydrogen is generated by decomposing organic material by using a microorganism, cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart explaining the operation of the energy generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - The separator consists of amorphous carbon composite obtained by carbonization baking of molded product. The molded product is produced by adding 2-60% by weight of carbon materials to phenol resin synthesized by suspension polymerization method.    USE - For fuel cell used for electrical power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The separator is light-weight, strong, possesses good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, gas impermeability properties. A reliable and highly durable fuel cell is obtained. Mass production is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for method of manufacturing separator for fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the exploded perspective view of separator for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Multilayered glass has spacer (3) with intermediate layer (4), between plate glass (2a,2b), and solar cell element (6) provided to the surface of intermediate layer of plate glass. The terminal box (5) connects the output cable (10) of solar cell element to intermediate layer.    USE - As multilayered glass.    ADVANTAGE - Special processing at the time of attachment of multilayered glass to window frame is omitted. Since the inner side edge part of the terminal box is provided, such that it fits inner side of the window frame, the clear vision of window frame is enhanced. Air resistance at the time of sealing of intermediate layer is increased. The heat insulation and sound insulation of intermediate layer are enhanced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of multilayered glass. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    plate glass (2a,2b)    spacer (3)    intermediate layer (4)    terminal box (5)    solar cell element (6)    output cable (10)
NOVELTY - Elongated substrate is conveyed longitudinally into film forming chamber. Different compositions of raw material gases are introduced into the chamber. A deposition film is formed at predefined locations on the substrate based on generated plasma.    USE - For depositing semiconductor film on substrate by CVD to manufacture solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Deposition film with favorable characteristics is formed by supplying different composition of raw material gases.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the block diagram of deposition film forming apparatus. (The drawing includes non-English text).
NOVELTY - The solar cell module comprises a light transmitting member containing sodium on the front surface, a rear surface member and several solar cell elements, which are sealed using a sealing resin. A sodium diffusion preventing layer is provided between the light transmitting member and the solar cell elements, for preventing diffusion of sodium from the light transmitting member.    USE - For solar cell device.    ADVANTAGE - Reliability, durability and moisture proofness of the solar cell module are improved. The sodium ions deposited from the front surface glass are blocked by the PET film, and degradation of power generation performance of the solar cell element is prevented. Increase of water in the sealing resin between the front surface glass and the solar cell element, is prevented. The inorganic oxide layer, the nitride layer or the fluoride layer act as a water vapor transmission prevention layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The solar cell module comprises a light transmitting member containing sodium on the front surface, a rear surface member and several solar cell elements. The solar cell elements are sealed between the light transmitting member and the rear surface member, using a sealing resin. A sodium diffusion preventing layer is provided between the light transmitting member and the solar cell elements, for preventing diffusion of sodium from the light transmitting member.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an exploded side view of the solar cell module.    Solar cell element (1)    EVA sheet (2)    Resin sheets (3,4)    PET film (6)    Front surface glass (20)
NOVELTY - Burner arrangement comprises a body (20) permeable for a fuel gas/oxygen mixture having surface regions defining free flow cross-sections covered with an oxidation catalyst; a feed device (14) for the mixture arranged on an inlet side of the permeable body to distribute the mixture onto inlet surfaces (18); and a restriking layer (22) connected to the feed device and separating the catalytic combustion zone of the permeable body from the mixture stream.    USE - Used for the combustion of a fuel gas/oxygen mixture in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Efficient heat coupling is achieved and heat losses are avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel preparation system consisting of a reformer for converting an organic fuel into a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas for operating a fuel cell.    Preferred Features: The restriking layer is arranged at a distance from the inlet side of the permeable body. An electrical ignition device (26), preferably a discharger, a resistance wire or piezoelectric igniter, is arranged on the outlet side of the permeable body.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the burner arrangement. (Drawing includes non-English text).    feed device (14)    inlet surfaces (18)    body (20)    restriking layer (22)
NOVELTY - Production of mechanically connected fuel cells comprises electrically separating sections (1) of a substrate made of electrode material whilst the boundaries (4) between the sections are treated; applying electrolyte layers (2); and further applying electrodes (3) to the electrolyte layers.    USE - Used as high temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The cells are able to efficiently operate at very high temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The sections are made from nickel-cermet. The boundaries and the electrolyte layers are made from yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide. The electrodes are made from lanthanum-strontium manganite. The substrate is 500-5000 microns thick.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through a fuel cell stack.    sections of substrate (1)    electrolyte layers (2)    electrodes (3)    boundaries (4)
NOVELTY - An auxiliary anode (5) and an auxiliary cathode (6) made of a non-hydrogen occlusion material are provided within an electrolysis chamber (1) having an anode (3) and a cathode (4) made of hydrogen occlusion material. The auxiliary anode and cathode generate an electric field such that an electric force is applied to the auxiliary cathode from the auxiliary anode.    USE - For hydrogen batteries, hydrogen fuel systems and reaction test devices.    ADVANTAGE - Improves hydrogen occlusion without increasing the number of anodes and cathodes made of hydrogen occlusion material. Reduces cost and number of electric power units.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen occlusion apparatus.    Electrolysis chamber (1)    Anodes (3,5)    Cathodes (4,6)
NOVELTY - Water vapor and air are reacted with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to obtain reformed a gas containing hydrogen. The catalyst comprises copper oxide, zinc oxide and another oxide selected from elements such as magnesium, silicon, cerium and gallium.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Heat resistance and activity of the catalyst are improved. Reformed gas is generated efficiently. The industrial manufacture of hydrogen is performed efficiently.
NOVELTY - Powdered silicon (6) is supplied to molten silicon raw material (3), at specific pressure, so that powdered silicon dissolves in the molten silicon. A rod-shaped silicon (7) is inserted into the molten silicon and taken out in such a way that powdered silicon is sunk into the molten silicon and is dissolved.    USE - For dissolving powdered silicon during production of silicon substrates of solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The powdered silicon can be dissolved efficiently, without carrying out pre-processing such as pressing, before dissolving the powdered silicon into the molten silicon.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure explains the dissolution method of powdered silicon.    Molten silicon raw material (3)    Powdered silicon (6)    Rod-shaped silicon (7)
NOVELTY - A heat-treating method of a separator plate is provided to restore thermal deformation of the separator plate by the load of compressing plates by heat-treating the separator plate inserted between the compressing plates.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A separator plate(1) is closely inserted between compressing plates(101) made of carbon or stainless steel with a thickness of 5 to 10mm. The compressing plates(101) and the separator plate(1) are inputted into a heat treatment furnace as covered with a cover(102) made of carbon or stainless steel with a thickness of 1 to 5mm, and heated under hydrogen atmosphere. As the separator(1) is reduced in strength, and restored by load of the compressing plates(101). The cover(102) intercepts heat radiated from the separator plate(1) and the compressing plates(101) to decrease the heat gradient.
NOVELTY - An economical and environment-friendly hydrous tape casting process is provided to reduce the drying time of the process shorter than a time required for drying an alcoholic solvent by using protein as a binder.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - HSA-10 100g, LSA-50 50g and Al(OH)3 39g are mixed into distilled water 100ml and the first ball milling is performed for three days. Glycerine 15ml and deaerator 1ml are mixed into two kinds of slurry where gelatine 9g and ovalbumin 16g are added, and the second ball milling is performed for six hours. A vacuum pump is used to eliminate bubbles while maintaining the first slurry containing ovalbumin at a room temperature and the second slurry containing gelatine at a temperature of 70 to 90deg. C. The first slurry is tape cast with a blade height of 1mm and a blade velocity of 4mm/s to produce a green sheet. The green sheet is cured. The second slurry is made into a green sheet (2) and left at a room temperature to be gelled. The green sheets are heat treated to produce gamma-LIAlO2 matrix.
NOVELTY - A molten carbonate fuel cell is provided to enhance the performance and the endurance by impregnating an electrolyte into pores through diving electrolyte plates based upon the weight and stacking one electrolyte plate contacted with a fuel electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen and carbonate react into water and carbonic acid gas at a fuel electrode(110). Carbonic acid gas and oxygen react with tow electrons into carbonate at an oxygen electrode(120). Upper and lower separating plates(3,4) define passages for gases supplied to the fuel and oxygen electrodes(110,120). A fuel electrode collector plate(5) collects electric charge generated from the oxygen electrode(120). The first electrolyte plate(171) is contacted with the upper part of the fuel electrode(110) for allowing only ion to move between the fuel electrode(110) and the oxygen electrode(120). The second electrolyte plate(172) serves the same function as the first electrolyte plate(171). The first and second matrix(181,182) are alternately overlaid on the first electrolyte plate(171) with the second electrolyte plate(172) to maintain the shape of the first and the second electrolyte plates(171,172) and absorb molten carbonate.
NOVELTY - A fuel reforming unit includes a burner to burn the fuel gas containing hydrogen and reforms the hydrocarbon in the gas. The heat produced during fuming of gas is used for heating the modifier. The gas ejected from the fuel electrode is not used for heating the modifier.    USE - Fuel battery system used for co-generation applications.    ADVANTAGE - Enables easy and reliable operation of fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the fuel battery system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - An outer cladding case surrounds a burner case which accommodates a burner head. Combustion air is supplied to the head through a route formed between the cases.    USE - For a modifier of a solid polymer fuel cell power generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Obtains energy conservation and improves combustion efficiency since heat loss is suppressed by interrupting heat of the case by air flow.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a modifier; and    (b) a solid polymer fuel cell power generation system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a systematic view of the power generation system.
NOVELTY - A battery stack portion includes cooling jig. Humidification control units (3, 7) respectively control humidification of heating gas and oxidizing agent gas supplied to battery stack portion. One physical quantity selected from pressure loss values of heating gas or oxidizing agent gas is input to judge control unit (5) which then outputs a control signal to one of the control units (3, 7).    USE - The battery is used for electric power unit of electric vehicles and domestic co-generator system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables stabilization of polyelectrolyte type fuel system by continuous operation of humidification of heating gas and oxidizing agent gas in optimum level.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polyelectrolyte-type fuel battery operating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the system assembly of polyelectrolyte-type fuel battery.    Control units (3, 5 ,7)
NOVELTY - An anion exchange filter for cleaning a gas contains an anion exchange polymer formed by introducing an anion exchange group into a polymer having a repeating unit.    USE - The anion exchange filter is used in cleaning a gas and finds its application in a fuel cell, particularly, a solid macromolecular fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The anion exchange filter has superior mechanical strength and chemical resistance compared with a conventional styrene-based ion exchange fiber, and has stable long-term performance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The repeating unit consists of -X-Ar-Y-. Where, -X- and -Y- = -O-, or -S-; -Ar = group of formula (1-1), formula (1-2), or formula (1-3).    -W- = single bond, -O-, -S-, or -CR6R7;    R6, R7 = H, or 1-6C alkyl;    R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, = 1-8C alkyl;    a = integer of 0-3;    b, c = integer of 0 or greater;    b+c = greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 7;    d, e = integer of 0 or greater;    d+e = greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 5.
NOVELTY - The scrap material (10) is subjected to a high frequency magnetic field generated by a transmission coil (2). The output voltage of the object is measured with a receiving coil (3). The resistivity of the scrap material is measured based on the calculated output voltage and the weight of the measurement object.    USE - For semiconductor such as high purity semiconductor used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to measure resistivity of semiconductor efficiently and in a non-contact manner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of electrical resistivity measuring apparatus. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Transmission coil (2)    Receiving coil (3)    Scrap material (10)
NOVELTY - A resin substrate for optical use has a multi-layer structure with a thickness of 100-800 microns and a surface roughness of 0.8 nm or less on at least one side.    USE - The substrate is used e.g. in the construction of liquid crystal cells, touch-sensitive display screens, electromagnetic shielding and solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has low surface roughness.
NOVELTY - Membrane comprises complexing agents for cations.    USE - Used in a methanol fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Damage to the cathode by methanol is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a fuel cell comprising a membrane arranged between an anode and a cathode, the membrane having a component made from crown ethers, cryptates or cryptate-like compounds based on carbon or silicon cyclic compounds; and    (B) a process for operating a fuel cell comprising oxidizing the methanol in an anodic reaction and reducing the oxygen in a cathodic reaction, in which anions migrate from the cathode to the anode and bind with the methanol in the cathode chamber of the cell.    Preferred Features: The complexing agents are made from crown ethers.
NOVELTY - A fuel processing system comprising a fuel processing assembly for producing a product hydrogen stream (A), a separation assembly to remove impurities from (A) , a fuel cell stack for receiving (A), and a control system for monitoring the concentration of components of (A) and automatically prevent flow of (A) to the fuel cell stack if the concentration exceeds a corresponding threshold value.    USE - For detecting impurities in the hydrogen product stream of a fuel processing system in fuel cell of e.g. vehicle, boat, household, etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for preventing contamination of a fuel cell stack in a fuel processing system as above.
NOVELTY - Formation of acid functional fluoropolymer involves adding an acidifiable group to a fluoropolymer to form fluoropolymer containing acidifiable group. The acidifiable group is acidified to obtain a polymer with equivalent weight of 5000 or less and with proton conductivity of 0.01 Siemens(S)/cm or more at 25degreesC.    USE - For ion conducting membrane formation used in membrane electrode assembly employed in fuel cell (all claimed) such as hydrogen fuel cell, electrolysis cell and lithium ion batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Ion conductive membrane with low equivalent weight, high ionic conductivity, high stability under oxidative condition, excellent mechanical strength and stability under high temperature condition, is obtained using the fluoropolymer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Formation of ion conducting membrane (ICM) by dehydrofluorinating a starting fluoropolymer with a dehydrofluorinating agent to form an unsaturated fluoropolymer, adding an acidifiable nucleophilic functionalizing agent to the double bond of unsaturated fluoropolymer to form fluoropolymer containing an acidifiable function, forming a membrane from the fluoropolymer containing acidifiable function, and acidifying the function to form ICM;    (ii) Polymeric blend comprising acid functional fluoropolymer and one or more other fluoropolymer;    (iii) Ion conducting membrane comprising polymeric blend; and    (iv) Acid functional fluoropolymer having pendant groups of formula -X-Ar-An.    X = O, S or NR;    R = H, optionally substituted (1-30C) alkyl or aryl;    Ar = optionally substituted (6-30C) aromatic group;    A = acidic function or salt; and    n = 1-3
NOVELTY - Solar cell module has a light-transmitting member on a front side containing at least sodium, a rear surface resin film, solar cell elements resin-sealed between the light transmitting member on the front surface side and the rear surface side, and a water transmission prevention layer arranged in a position including at least an interval part between the solar cell elements adjacent each other.    USE - Conversion of light energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The solar cell module has improved reliability due to improved moisture-proofness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The light transmitting member on the front surface side is glass and the rear surface film is made of transparent resin.    The water transmission preventing layer has a smaller water vapor transmission rate than that of the sealing resin; it can be an inorganic oxide layer, a nitride layer, or a fluoride layer formed on a surface of the rear surface resin film, or it can be the rear surface resin film with water vapor transmission rate at most 6.3 g/m2.day.    The water transmission preventing layer is formed on a plane with the solar elements, or it is formed so as to cover the interval part between the solar cell elements in the sealing resin, or it is provided in a position corresponding to that between the solar cell elements on an outer side of the rear surface resin film    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an exploded side view of the solar cell according to a first embodiment of the invention.    Solar cell elements (1)    Ethylene vinyl acetate resin sheets (2, 3)    Rear surface resin film (5)    Water transmission preventing layer (7a)    Front surface glass layer (20)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell battery consists of a reaction device which is aligned with the stack axis and contacting the cell stack. The reaction device treats liquid fuel by reforming with partial oxidation to form fuel gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas.    USE - The fuel cell battery for liquid fuels is used in stationary or mobile plant with hydrocarbon CnHm used as fuel, (where n is greater than 5 and m = (2n + 2)) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Fuel gas is treated without the use of water.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell battery comprises a cell stack (2), a distributor passage (21) on the stack axis, after-burner chambers, and an auxiliary burner for a start-up operation. A reaction device (3) connected with the cell stack treats liquid fuel by reforming with partial oxidation to form fuel gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. A heat exchanger system (4) is integrated to the reaction device. During the current delivering operation of the battery, the hot exhaust gas from the after-burner chamber is used for vaporizing the liquid fuel and for heating up a gaseous oxygen carrier. Vaporized fuel can be contacted with the heated oxygen via an in feed point (6) which is part of the heat exchanger system, so that reforming with partial oxidation can take place. After the forming of the reformed fuel gas, the reformed fuel gas is fed to the distributor passage of the cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the inventive fuel cell battery.    Cell stack (2)    Reaction device (3)    Heat exchanger system (4)    In-built elements (5)    In-feed point (6)    Distributor passage (21)    Co-axial supply tubes (33, 46)    Ring-gap-shaped sub-chambers (41, 42)
NOVELTY - An electrolyte matrix for a phosphate fuel cell is provided to enhance workability and reproducibility without toxicity by using SiC whisker as a raw material for the matrix, polyether sulfone as a binder, dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solution of n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone added with SiC whisker is stirred to prepare a whisker slurry. A binder solution is prepared by adding polyether sulfone into an n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent. The whisker slurry added with the binder solution is stirred to prepare a matrix slurry. The matrix slurry is formed and then heat treated to form an electrolyte matrix for a phosphate fuel cell. The electrolyte matrix comprises SiC whisker, polyether sulfone and dibutyl phthalate. Polyether sulfone is about 10 to 30wt% of SiC whisker, and dibutyl phthalate is about 5 to 20wt% of SiC whisker.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has a hydrodesulfurization part which desulfurizes sulfur in hydrocarbon after adding hydrogen to hydrocarbon having sulfur, and a part which reforms desulfurized hydrocarbon into gas containing hydrogen. Carbon monoxide in hydrogen is converted to carbon dioxide, hydrogen. The hydrogen is purified, pure hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell. Hydrogen from fuel cell is passed to hydrodesulfurization part.    USE - As solid polymer fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The high purity hydrogen is separated and refined with high efficiency. The exhaust gas from the fuel cell is recycled as hydrogen for hydrodesulfurization process. Also a part of exhaust gas from fuel cell is supplied to the fuel cell. The process of the fuel cell system is carried out inexpensively. The amount of fuel used for performing the fuel cell system is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system has a hydrodesulfurization part (11) which desulfurizes sulfur in raw hydrocarbon after adding hydrogen for hydrodesulfurization to raw hydrocarbon containing sulfur, and a steam reforming part (12) which reforms desulfurized raw hydrocarbon into gas containing hydrogen in a higher concentration. A gas transformation part (13) which converts carbon monoxide in gas containing hydrogen to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, is comprised. The hydrogen obtained is purified by passing to a pressure swing absorption (PSA) part (14), forming high purity hydrogen. The high purity hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell (15). The high purity hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell (15) is passed to hydrodesulfurization part.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of solid polymer fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrodesulfurization part (11)    Steam reforming part (12)    Gas transformation part (13)    Pressure swing absorption part (14)    Fuel cell (15)
NOVELTY - Multiple hollow fiber pipes (HF) of water permeability are arranged inside the housing. The gases differing in moisture content are allowed to flow to inner side and outer side of hollow fiber pipes, so that exchange of moisture content between the gases is performed.    USE - For humidification of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improves the transmission of moisture from moist gas to dried gas by hollow fiber pipes of water permeability. Uniform flow of gases on the inner side of the hollow fiber pipes is obtained because of protrusions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inner surface of hollow fiber pipes have either protrusions, torsion fins or step portions for turbulent flow.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional views of hollow fiber pipes. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hollow fiber pipes (HF)
NOVELTY - Water vapor and air are reacted with methanol in the presence of a catalyst to obtain reformed gas containing hydrogen. The catalyst comprises copper oxide, zinc oxide and zirconium oxide.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Heat resistance and activity of the catalyst are improved. Reformed gas is generated efficiently. The industrial manufacture of hydrogen is performed efficiently.
NOVELTY - Methanol is reacted with water vapor and air in the presence of a catalyst comprising oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum, as main components. A component containing palladium and/or platinum is further used as reaction catalyst. Reformed gas enriched in hydrogen is thus manufactured.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen-rich gas used in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Reformed gas rich in hydrogen is generated effectively, in a self-heat supply type reaction. High industry utility is offered. The hydrogen formed has high activity even at low temperature and good heat resistance.
NOVELTY - A fuel oil consists of residue obtained by fractionating reformed gasoline to low boiling point fraction, medium boiling point fraction containing benzene and high boiling point fraction, and removing benzene from medium boiling point fraction.    USE - For fuel cell (claimed) used in motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The degradation of modification catalyst is prevented. The hydrogen for fuel cell, is efficiently manufactured without providing bad influence to modification catalyst, oxidation catalyst and fuel cell electrode.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of fuel oil which involves distilling reformed gasoline, and removing benzene in medium boiling point fraction after fractionation, by hydrogenating and/or isomerizing, to form residue. The amount of methyl pentane in residue, is 0.5 times or more of amount of methyl pentane contained in raw material reformed gasoline. The amount of normal heptane in residue, is 0.5 times or less of amount of normal heptane contained in raw material reformed gasoline.
NOVELTY - Mist is generated, by refining negative ions from water simultaneously maintained in mist state.    USE - For mist generation used for hydrogen manufacture utilized as fuel for turbine or turbo engine (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen gas is manufactured efficiently using renewable energy without use of electricity, natural gas and petroleum. Since water is used as major raw material, generation of electricity by a fossil fuel is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Hydrogen manufacture which comprises two or more methods of hydrogen gas evolution methods. The hydrogen gas evolution method involves    a) generating hydrogen gas by photocatalyst from water in the mist state,    b) generating hydrogen gas based on potential difference of dissimilar metals in water of mist state and    c) generating hydrogen from wind power and solar power generation; and    (ii) Hydrogen manufacturing apparatus for mist generation and hydrogen manufacture.
NOVELTY - The method involves positioning the substrate (14) with semiconductor layer (16) kept inside the film production chamber (18), inclined at an acute angle to the horizontal. The substrate is moved in the inclined condition.    USE - For laminating semiconductor layer of hybrid solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - By moving the substrate with semiconductor layer in inclined condition, silicon particles fall on the substrate, thereby formation of a defective semiconductor layer is avoided and hence durability of the film production apparatus is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor layer laminating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side and sectional view of the semiconductor layer laminating apparatus.    Substrate (14)    Semiconductor layer (16)    Film production chamber (18)
NOVELTY - A substrate is transferred from one semiconductor layer film forming chamber (16) to other film forming chambers (18,20,22,24b,26b,28b,30b,32b) sequentially when films of different kinds are to be formed. The film forming chamber to which the substrate is to be transferred next is determined.    USE - For solar battery such as amorphous silicon solar battery and hybrid solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - When maintaining film forming chambers, it is possible to form film using other chambers, thereby improves flexibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor layer laminating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the semiconductor layer laminating apparatus.    Film forming chambers (16,18,20,22,24b,26b,28b,30b,32b)
NOVELTY - The solid high molecular form fuel cell consists of anode and cathode arranged on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film of thickness 5-80 microns. The anode of thickness 1-15 microns has a catalyst layer containing platinum-ruthenium alloy or platinum-molybdenum alloy which contains 60 mass % or more of platinum.    USE - For use as electric power units of electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide poisoning of catalyst layer on anode is suppressed, which leads to stabilized output characteristics of the fuel cell for long period of time. Lightweight and small-sized solid high molecular form fuel cell which carries out efficient electricity generation is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is supplied to anode and an oxidizing agent gas is supplied to cathode.
NOVELTY - Fuel injection equipment has an injection part (41A) to inject a liquid fuel (FL) into an evaporation chamber and an injection part (42A) to inject the gas or the liquid having predetermined polarity into the liquid fuel injected from the injection part. An evaporation chamber (11) evaporates the fuel into an original heating gas using a high temperature heat carrier.    USE - For fuel evaporation devices such as fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel injection equipment has a simple structure and significantly improves evaporation efficiency of a liquid fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel injection equipment.    Evaporation chamber (11)    Injection parts (41A,42A)    Liquid fuel (FL)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack (41) is accommodated between the upper and lower auxiliary plates (43,44). The lower plate includes disk springs and upper plate includes bolts (46) for imparting tightening pressure to the stack. Cylindrical connector (48) with mandrel pin (49) and E-ring (50), is fixed to the auxiliary plates and fastening band at edge imparts pressure along lamination of the stack.    USE - For use as power supply in portable equipment, electric vehicle, domestic co-generator system.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell stack has high vibration and shock resistance by the fastening arrangement provided with spring. Since E-ring is used for fixing, the band can be easily removed and assembled. Pressure is applied uniformly to the end plates, hence plates can be made thinner.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of the fuel cell stack. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cell stack (41)    Auxiliary plates (43,44)    Bolt (46)    Cylindrical connector (48)    Mandrel pin (49)    E-ring (50)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell (10) is supplied with hydrogen gas for heating and oxygen for oxidation along with 0.2% of ethanol from addition unit (44). An addition unit mixes ethanol to reduce surface contact angle of water vapor infiltrated into gas passage way to condense as water for further collection.    USE - For batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Drainage of condensed water is improved by addition of ethanol.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit diagram of fuel cell device.    Fuel cell (10)    Addition unit (44)
NOVELTY - Fuel injector (40a) is provided to the side of evaporation chamber (11). The delivery pipe (41) which is connected to fuel injector, extends through the evaporation chamber. Multiple injection holes (42) are formed in the delivery pipe. The liquid fuel injected from injector into evaporation chamber, is evaporated utilizing heat of combustion gas flowing through heat medium tubes (12) extended through evaporation chamber.    USE - For fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel is evaporated quickly and efficiently, since liquid fuel is uniformly injected from injection holes of delivery pipe, into evaporation chamber. The provision of delivery pipe orthogonal to heat medium tube, further enhances heating efficiency. The surface area of heat medium tube is effectively utilizable, since tube is bellow-shaped. The heating efficiency is further improved because chamber has hot spot section.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the section of fuel evaporator.    evaporation chamber (11)    heat medium tube (12)    fuel injector (40a)    delivery pipe (41)    injection hole (42)
NOVELTY - The fuel evaporator consists of tube (12) provided inside an evaporation chamber (11), for passing the high temperature fluid. The tube is formed with ramp (12d) inclined from horizontal state, towards the tube retainer (12c). The evaporation chamber adjoins a catalyst combustor (20).    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Evaporation of liquid fuel is quickly and effectively performed by utilizing entire heat of high temperature heat carrier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the transverse plane sectional drawing of fuel evaporator.    Evaporation chamber (11)    Tube (12)    Tube retainer (12c)    Ramp (12d)    Catalyst combustor (20)
NOVELTY - Fuel shield board (15) is arranged at the lower portion of outlet (11A) of evaporation chamber (11) to prevent flow-out of liquid fuel. The shield board is extended to upper side from the upper level (H) of liquid fuel retention unit (11B), where heating medium gas tube (12) is provided.    USE - For fuel cell system supplying air containing hydrogen rich gas and oxygen in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Overheating of liquid fuel in super heat chamber is prevented, as flow of fuel through super heat chamber is arrested by shield board at lower portion of outlet of evaporation chamber, and hence non-evaporated fuel is prevented from flowing out of evaporation chamber outlet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the cross-sectional view of fuel evaporator.    evaporation chamber (11)    outlet (11A)    liquid fuel retention unit (11B)    heating medium gas tube (12)    fuel shield board (15)    upper level of liquid fuel retention unit (H)
NOVELTY - Waste heat of fuel cell (1), is stored inside the thermal storage tank (2). The heat exchanger (3) used for cooling, is driven utilizing electric power output from fuel cell. Heat from heat exchanger, is stored inside another thermal storage tank (4). Waste heat of heat exchanger is stored in thermal storage tank (5).    USE - For electric equipment, for heating tap water.    ADVANTAGE - The energy efficiency is enhanced because thermal heat storage system is integrated in a fuel cell co-generation system. The waste heat of heat exchanger is effectively utilized for heating tap water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell co-generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Thermal storage tanks (2,4,5)    Heat exchanger (3)
NOVELTY - Thermosetting resin molding material, contains 10-35 weight% (wt.%) of thermosetting resin, 50-85 wt.% of graphite and 1-15 wt.% of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber.    USE - For fuel cell separator (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The molding material excels in electroconductivity, mechanical strength and moldability. The molding material has electroconductivity of 103-100 OMEGA.cm and bending strength of 50 MPas when used for fuel cell separator.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for electroconductive compact of thickness 0.5-5 mm, obtained by molding, thermosetting resin molding material.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen-rich fuel (HRF) forming apparatus has housing with inlet (33) for water and hydrocarbon liquid fuel, outlet (34) for ejecting HRF, arc reaction chamber (76) having rod-shaped arc electrode in electrode holder (22), connected to inlet and outlet, electrical supply unit which supplies electrical power to electrode, generates arc in (76), and raw material injector (24) near to electrode.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen-rich fuel, such as synthetic fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The mass production of hydrogen-rich fuel is inexpensively attained using raw material of distilled water, pure water, drinking water, industrial water or sea water, and gas fuel. The hydrogen-rich fuel is manufactured easily and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of hydrogen-rich fuel manufacturing apparatus.    Electrode holder (22)    Injector (24)    Inlet (33)    Outlet (34)    Arc reaction chamber (76)
NOVELTY - The apparatus has inlet (32) for water and gas fuel, and housing units (14,16,18) with outlet (34) for hydrogen emission. An arc reaction chamber (76) is provided with rod-shaped arc electrode (48) supported by holder (22). The arc electrode is connected to inlet and outlet. A power supply unit for generating arc in chamber, and injector for supplying water to arc electrode are provided.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen fuel which is used as energy source.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen fuel with high yield is manufactured economically using water as raw material.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen fuel manufacturing apparatus has inlet for introducing raw material mixture of water and gas fuel, and housing unit with an outlet for hydrogen rich fuel emission. An arc reaction chamber is provided with a rod-shaped arc electrode supported by electrode holder. The arc electrode is connected to inlet and outlet. The apparatus also includes injector for supplying raw material mixture to arc electrode, and electrical supplier for supplying electrical power to arc electrode to generate an arc in the chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of hydrogen manufacturing apparatus.    Housing units (14,16,18)    Electrode holder (22)    Neutral electrode (23)    Inlet (32)    Outlet (34)    Cooling routes (38,40)    Arc electrode (48)    Flow regulating valve (66)    Arc reaction chamber (76)    Micro arc formation material (78)    Quenching chamber (88)
NOVELTY - A silicon monoxide (SiO) powder raw material is reduced with hydrogen, at less than 800degreesC, to form metal silicon.    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Highly pure metal silicon devoid of carbon contaminant, is efficiently manufactured.
NOVELTY - A powdered silicon (6) is supplied to a pressurized jar containing molten silicon (3) raw material. A shifting magnetic field is generated in the raw material crucible (1), and an eddy current is generated in the molten silicon. Due to the effect of the shifting magnetic field and the eddy current, the molten silicon is whirled and the powdered silicon is dissolved.    USE - For production of silicon substrate for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Pressing process of powdered silicon before dissolution, is eliminated. The powdered silicon is dissolved efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the dissolution apparatus of powdered silicon.    Crucible (1)    Molten silicon (3)    Powdered silicon (6)
NOVELTY - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell having cell(s) includes an electroconductive contact element comprising metal substrate protected by a corrosion-resistant coating. The protective coating comprises electrically conductive particles dispersed throughout an oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant, water-insoluble polymeric matrix.    USE - As power source for electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate is protected by a coating comprising a corrosion-proof, i.e. oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant, filler particles. The graphite particles has greater size than that of the other oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant particles, optimizing the packing density and improving conductivity. The protective coating has resistivity not more than 50 ohm-cm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - PEM fuel cell has cell(s) comprising a pair of opposite polarity electrodes (4,6), membrane electrolyte, and electroconductive contact element (14,16) with working face confronting the electrodes. The contact element comprises a corrosion-susceptible metal substrate and electroconductive, corrosion-resistant protective coating. The protective coating comprises electrically conductive particles dispersed throughout an oxidation-resistant and acid-resistant, water-insoluble polymeric matrix.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic, exploded isometric illustration of a liquid cooled PEM fuel cell stack.    electrodes (4,6)    bipolar plate (8)    contact element (14,16)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell arrangement (10) consists of several parallel fuel cells (12) with cooling gaps (14) extending between neighboring cells and between an inlet (18) and an outlet (20). Coolant (16) is able to flow through the gaps. The specific surface, i.e. the surface proportion of the cooling surfaces releasing heat to the coolant, increases from the inlet to the outlet.    USE - Used for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The arrangement has high performance, low weight and is compact.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell arrangement.    Fuel cell arrangement (10)    Fuel cells (12)    Cooling gaps (14)    Coolant (16)    Inlet (18)    Outlet (20)
NOVELTY - Carbon-monoxide (CO) and oxygen contained in hydrogen-containing gas is contacted with iron-platinum group catalyst.    USE - For reducing carbon monoxide in hydrogen containing gas, such as hydrocarbon and methanol, which is used in fuel cell of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The method effectively reduces carbon-monoxide concentration to 0.1 mol% or less in the hydrogen containing gas having carbon-monoxide concentration of 1 mol% at 40-100 degreesC, with very less hydrogen loss.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for catalyst for reducing CO, which comprises a carrier for carrying iron and platinum groups.
NOVELTY - A mullite group ceramic substrate with thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) which matches with TEC in silicon, is formed by mixing kaolin clay (containing silica and alumina), and alumina as raw materials at predetermined ratio. The mixture is shaped, plastic working is performed and baked at 1570-1650degreesC. The plastic processing is performed while adding a suitable load, at 1200-1600degreesC.    USE - For polycrystalline silicon thin film type solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The mullite group ceramic substrate has high heat resistance, high strength and is inexpensive. The hot working of mullite group ceramic substrate is efficiently performed, by deforming plastically and using kaolin clay as raw material. The mullite group ceramic substrate has fine surface with convexo-concave shaped deposit. The optical reflection loss in the surface, is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A mullite group ceramic substrate with thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) which matches with TEC in silicon, is produced by mixing kaolin clay (containing silica, alumina and trace amount of impurities), and alumina, so that the ratio of silica and alumina is 45-50 weight% (wt.%) and 50-55 wt.%, respectively. The mixture is shaped, plastic working is performed and baked at 1570-1650degreesC. The plastic processing is performed while adding a suitable load, at 1200-1600degreesC. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Mullite group ceramic substrate having fine surface; (ii) Manufacture of mullite group ceramic substrate.
NOVELTY - Selective oxidation removal of carbon monoxide from a hydrogen containing gas, is performed. After removal of carbon monoxide, the gas is contacted with an oxygen removal catalyst, such that the oxygen concentration in the hydrogen containing gas is set to 500 ppm or less.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Oxygen concentration in the hydrogen containing gas is reduced. Oxidation of hydrogen on a platinum electrode catalyst, is eliminated. Durability and performance of the fuel cell are improved.
NOVELTY - The detector has sensor (1) comprising electrolyte film (8) contacted to catalyst electrode (9) on one surface and catalyst electrode (10) on the other. Gas supply pipes (14,15) are respectively provided for supplying gas to be detected and inert gas to (9,10). Voltmeter (7) is provided to detect electrical potential difference between (9) and (10). A resistance (6) is connected as load between (9 and 10).    USE - For detecting carbon monoxide concentration in heating gas used for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The carbon monoxide detector has quick responsiveness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas supply pipe (14) is provided for supplying gas to be detected to electrode (9) and gas pipe (15) is provided for supplying inert gas, nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas to electrode (10). The voltmeter (7) detects the electrical potential difference between electrodes (9,10), which changes depending on change in concentration of CO in the gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of carbon monoxide detector. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Sensing element (1)    Resistance (6)    Voltmeter (7)    Electrolyte film (8)    Electrodes (9,10)    Gas supply pipes (14,15)
NOVELTY - A catalyst contains platinum black dispersed on the surface of a base metal oxide composite containing cobalt oxide, manganese dioxide, cupric oxide and chromium oxide. The silver oxide layer is formed on the layer of platinum black.    USE - For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, for carbon monoxide and hydrogen sensors and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the catalyst can oxidize carbon monoxide or hydrogen selectively in mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide or hydrogen sensor has high sensitivity and can detect very low concentration of carbon monoxide or hydrogen, respectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) a carbon monoxide sensor; and    (b) a hydrogen sensor.
NOVELTY - Fuel evaporator (1) has an evaporation chamber (11) which evaporates liquid field fuel (FL) by combustion gas (HG) and passes it through combustion gas supply path (13). A catalyst combustor (20) is adjacently provided to the evaporation chamber and the combustion gas supply path is arranged on sides except the side in which the catalyst combustor and the evaporation chamber are adjoined.    USE - In fuel cell system for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Evaporation of the liquid fuel in the evaporation chamber is accelerated and since the chamber is heated by combustion gas, quick evaporation is achieved and adhesion of the fuel to the chamber walls is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of the fuel evaporator.    fuel evaporator (1)    evaporation chamber (11)    combustion gas supply path (13)    catalyst combustor (20)    liquid field fuel (FL)    high temperature carrier (HG)
NOVELTY - Liquid fuel injector (40a) is provided to evaporation chamber (11). Heat medium tubes (12) are arranged in evaporation chamber in such a way that spacing between tubes located adjacent to injector is relatively large. The tubes located away from injector, are densely distributed.    USE - For fuel cell system of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel separates uniformly because spacing between tubes located adjacent to injector is relatively large. Therefore, liquid fuel is evaporated satisfactorily.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel evaporator.    Evaporation chamber (11)    Heat medium tube (12)    Liquid fuel injector (40a)
NOVELTY - Separator (1) that separates the two cells of a fuel cell (2), is made of stainless steel containing 1.0 mass% or more of Cu.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of the separator is very cheap and the separator is very effective.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of a fuel cell.    Separator (1)    Cell (2)
NOVELTY - The insulating metal foil band which is a cylindrical plate roll (1), is coated with a polyimide group coating material (3) using a roll coater of a photogravure system or an offset system. The roll has uniform groove density in the longitudinal direction. The coated metal foil band is dried.    USE - For solar battery boards.    ADVANTAGE - Occurrence of defects such as pinhole on the metal foil band, is prevented due to low abrasion of coating roll.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for insulating metal foil band manufacture.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the production of the insulating metal foil band using a photogravure system.    Cylindrical plate roll (1)    Polyimide group coating material (3)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor is titanium dioxide semiconductor formed by sintering anatase type titania microparticle. The titanium dioxide semiconductor has porosity of 50-99%.    USE - For solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor electrode has high porosity. Surface area of titania is increased compared to conventional wet solar battery. As contact area of titania microparticle and solar light is increased, the electric current generating efficiency is increased by 1000-10000 times. The titanium electrode has improved visible light absorption efficiency since chromium or vanadium is contained as impurity. Since an organic coloring matter is not used for sensitization of absorbed light as in conventional pigment sensitization type solar battery, the problem of the decomposition of coloring matter by titania photocatalyst is prevented, thereby improving the lifespan and efficiency of solar battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) Solar battery which has substrate (104) sequentially provided with electrode (103), titanium dioxide semiconductor (101) and electrode (102); and    (ii) Manufacture of titanium dioxide semiconductor which involves sintering anatase type titanium dioxide microparticle at less than 900 degrees C.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the typical outline of a solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Titania semiconductor (101)    Electrodes (102,103)    Substrate (104)
NOVELTY - An opto-electric conversion element, comprises at least a conductive layer, a pigment-adsorbing semiconductor particle-containing layer, a hole transporting layer, and a counter electrode. The hole transporting layer contains oligopyrrole having a degree of polymerization of 50 or less.    USE - The opto-electric conversion element is used for a solar battery. A new oligopyrrole compound is used for the opto-electric conversion element.    ADVANTAGE - The opto-electric conversion element uses the oligopyrrole having solubility to appropriate solvents as the hole transporting material. The resulting opto-electric conversion element has high opto-electric conversion efficiency, superior production fitness, and less deterioration in aged characteristics.
NOVELTY - In a vaporizer for a fuel cell system with a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell unit with cooling cycle, a vaporizer with zone(s) for vaporizing a medium in the system and heat exchanger zone(s) in thermal contact with the vaporizing zone(s), the heat exchanger zone is a constituent of the cooling cycle of the fuel cell unit.    USE - The fuel cell system is especially suitable for use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Vaporizers for media, e.g. water or fuel, in these systems are normally heated with hot gas or another heat transfer medium, e.g. thermo-oil, or have direct heating, although one system, in which a water/methanol mixture is vaporized at high temperature, uses waste heat from a strongly exothermic reaction. The present vaporizer makes it possible to use the thermal energy in the system and also greatly reduces the load on the coolers.
NOVELTY - Production of a hydrogen storage alloy having a structure with a hexagonal packing comprises rapidly solidifying a molten starting material to obtain the storage alloy. The storage alloy is of the formula: TiaMnbVcZrdAeBfCgNih (where a = 10-40 at.%; b = 40-60 at.%; c = 5-30 at.%; d = 15 at.% or less; e + f + g + h = 0-10 at.%; A = Fe or Co; B = Cu, Zn or Ca; and C = Al or Mo).    USE - Used as a material for hydrogen storage and supply, for absorbing hydrogen for heat exchange, for preparing hydrogen for a fuel cell, for the negative electrode for a Ni-hydrogen cell, for cleaning and recovering hydrogen, and for absorbing hydrogen for a hydrogen gas spraying head.    ADVANTAGE - The molten starting material is allowed to rapidly cool to give the finished alloy without requiring a homogenization treatment.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The cooling rate is 103degrees C/s.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell (200) for producing electrical energy by means of a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen; and a hydrogen supply unit (100) connected to the fuel cell to feed hydrogen into the cell. The hydrogen is introduced to the fuel cell intermittently together with an amount of hydrogen which is consumed in the cell.    USE - Used for producing electrical energy in vehicles, ships and portable generators.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of non-reacted hydrogen is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The system further comprises: a first valve (505) on the hydrogen inlet side of the cell to open and close a hydrogen inlet channel (505a); a second valve (506) on the outlet side of the cell to open and close a hydrogen outlet channel (506b); and a hydrogen concentration detector unit (601) to detect the concentration of hydrogen in the cell. The first valve is opened to introduce the hydrogen to the fuel cell when the hydrogen concentration detected by the detector is the same or less than the first concentration. The valve is closed to stop the flow of hydrogen to the fuel cell when the hydrogen concentration detected by the detector is the same or more than the first concentration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell arrangement.    Hydrogen supply unit (100)    Fuel cell (200)    First valve (505)    Hydrogen inlet channel (505a)    Second valve (506)    Hydrogen outlet channel (506b)
NOVELTY - Photoelectric converter has a first pn-junction formed in a semiconductor (4) represented by (Al1-yGay)1-xInxP and a second pn-junction formed in a semiconductor (2) represented by Ga1-zInzAs.    USE - Used for converting light energy into electrical energy in a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - A high degree of conversion of photoelectric energy is produced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The component parts x, y and z of the semiconductors (Al1-yGay)1-xInxP and Ga1-zInzAs have the following relationships: 0.11 z 0.29, x = -0.346z2 + 1.08z + 0.484 and/or 131z3 - 66.0z2 + 9, 17z + 0.309 28.0z3 - 24.4z2 + 5.82z + 0.325. The pn-junctions are connected by a tunnel junction (3). A buffer layer (5) is located between the substrate (1) and one of the layers.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the structure of a solar cell.    substrate (1)    lower cell (2)    tunnel junction (3)    upper cell (4)    buffer layer (5)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell: (i) has an anode part (11) with a feed line (12) and a removal line (13) for a fuel; (ii) a cathode part (14) with a feed line (15) and a removal line (16) for an oxidant; and (iii) a membrane (17) arranged between the anode part and the cathode part. Pressure regulators (20, 30) are arranged in both removal lines are coupled in such a way that exchange of pressure values between the regulators can take place.    USE - Used in the automobile industry.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has a simple high quality structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: One of the pressure regulators (20) is spring-loaded and the other (30) is membrane controlled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell.    anode part (11)    fuel feed line (12)    fuel removal line (13)    cathode part (14)    oxidant feed line (15)    oxidant removal line (16)    membrane (17)    pressure regulators (20, 30)
NOVELTY - Cell stack (5) consists of cells (1, 2, 3) made up of an anode, cathode and an electrolyte layer between them. Several cells are joined via bipolar plates (4). An opening (9) in the bipolar plate is provided as the inlet or outlet of operating devices to or from a cell. A wall separates the inlet or outlet from the cell. A seal (8) is provided on the other side of the cell so that the seal lies opposite the wall.    USE - Used as a low temperature fuel cell or electrolyzer (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The stack is well sealed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A sealing ring is used as the seal and protrudes from the plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the cell stack.    cells (1, 2, 3)    bipolar plates (4)    cell stack (5)    seal (8)    opening (9)
NOVELTY - Preparation of a catalyst for removing carbon monoxide (CO) from hydrogen-containing gas comprises ruthenium carried on a flame-resistant inorganic oxide carrier.    USE - The method is used in fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has improved activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) the obtained catalyst; and    (ii) the removal of CO using the catalyst.
NOVELTY - A compact integrated fuel cell stack and internal selective oxidizer assembly (10) includes a fuel inlet manifold (29) in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack assembly (26); and an internal selective oxidizer bed (12) residing in the fuel inlet manifold.    USE - For oxidizing carbon monoxide in an automobile environment.    ADVANTAGE - The assembly reduces the overall volume and weight of the entire power plant. It permits the selective oxidizer to operate at low temperature to obviate the need for a separate heat exchanger to cool the oxidized gas. It is less expensive, less complex and more efficient to manufacture and operate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A compact integrated fuel cell stack and internal selective oxidizer assembly includes a fuel inlet manifold in fluid communication with the fuel cell stack assembly; and an internal selective oxidizer bed residing in the fuel inlet manifold. The internal oxidizer bed has an input plenum to which fuel and oxidant sources are connected, and an output plenum which is connected to the fuel cell stack assembly. It includes a selective oxidation catalyst (14), and a heat exchanger fluid conduit (16) routed through the catalyst. A temperature sensor is provided in the internal oxidizer bed in connection to the heat exchange fluid conduit for controlling the temperature of the internal selective oxidizer bed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a simplified plan illustration of the compact integrated fuel cell stack and internal selective oxidizer assembly.    Compact integrated fuel cell stack and internal selective oxidizer assembly (10)    Internal selective oxidizer bed (12)    Selective oxidation catalyst (14)    Heat exchanger fluid conduit (16)    Fuel cell stack assembly (26)    Fuel inlet manifold (29)
NOVELTY - A methanol fuel cell comprises an anion conducting membrane arranged between an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; and means for feeding water from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) a fuel cell stack consisting of two of the above methanol fuel cells and at least one methanol fuel cell having an acidic electrolyte as means for removing methanol; and    (B) a process for operating a methanol fuel cell comprising allowing hydroxyl ions to flow from the cathode side to the anode side through the membrane; feeding a methanol/water mixture from the anode chamber to a further fuel cell; and feeding water from the cathode chamber of the further cell to the cathode chamber of the previous cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)
NOVELTY - Proton conducting membrane comprises porous film of non-proton conducting polymer impregnated with proton conducting polymer. The impregnation of proton conductor is restricted to active area of membrane electrode assembly, such that the area around the proton conducting membrane is made non-porous and non-proton conducting.    USE - For electrochemical cells used for products such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (claimed), and for electrodialysis and electrolysis.    ADVANTAGE - Transparent reinforced proton conducting membrane free of small voids, having improved properties is formed under controlled temperature and pressure conditions. Small amount of expensive proton conducting material is used only in the active areas, and the proton conducting members are not used for sealing the cell, thus the cost for forming electrochemical cell is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The material used for non-proton conducting area comprises same group of polymers as that of reinforcement. The non-proton conducting edge around active area comprises same polymer group as that of the polymer in the edge of cell plates (3). INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Electrochemical cell;    (b) Product comprising electrochemical cell    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the drawing of membrane electrode assembly placed between two cell plates.    Cell plates (3)
NOVELTY - A methanol fuel cell comprises a metal cation conducting membrane arranged between an anode chamber and a cathode chamber.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for operating a methanol fuel cell comprising alloying metal cations to flow through the membrane from the anode to the cathode under the influence of an electrical field.    Preferred Features: The membrane is a cation exchanger charged with metal cations. The metal cations are able to flow back to the anode from the cathode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text.)
NOVELTY - A composite structure is produced by depositing onto a substrate (110), a mixture of a polymer precursor (102) and a filler material comprising an inorganic compound. The deposition step is repeated, with the polymer precursor and the filler being present in a different ratio. The polymer precursor is then cured.    USE - For producing composite structure that is used for optically variable devices, optical filters, optical-storage structures, large-array solar collectors, or electrochromic materials.    ADVANTAGE - The structure is effective, reduces the abruptness of interfacial transition, and provides improved multilayer construction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the composite structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an enlarged sectional view of a multilayer construction.    Polymer precursor (102)    Inorganic layer (104)    Deposition material (106)    Substrate (110)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen gas concentration in heating gas is measured by a gas sensor based on the limiting current which flows when the protons generated due to hydrogen gas dissociation conducts through a proton conductive layer (6). The measured hydrogen gas concentration is corrected depending on the previously calibrated water vapor concentration in the heating gas using the gas sensor.    USE - For measuring hydrogen gas concentration and/or water vapor concentration in heating gas for a solid high molecular form fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Detection of hydrogen gas concentration and water vapor concentration in the heating gas are performed accurately.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The gas concentration detector device has a gas sensor. The sensor has a working electrode (3) on a gaseous diffusion rate limitation part (2) in contact with a layer (6) made of polyelectrolyte. A counter electrode (4) and reference electrode (5) are provided in contact with the polyelectrolyte layer. The electrodes (3,4) are in contact with an atmosphere of heating gas whose hydrogen and water vapor concentrations are to be detected. The reference electrode is not in contact with the heating gas atmosphere. The hydrogen gas is introduced into the working electrode or counter electrode and is dissociated into protons, by impressing a voltage between the electrodes (3,4), so that a electrical potential difference between the electrodes (3,5) is set to a fixed value.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for measurement of gas concentration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas concentration detector device a gas sensor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gaseous diffusion rate limitation part (2)    Working electrode (3)    Counter electrode (4)    Reference electrode (5)    Proton conductive layer (6)
NOVELTY - Catalyst filler (71), consisting of catalyst for oxidation reaction, and fire-proof filler (72), consisting of refractories, are intermingled within the reaction container of fuel reformer.    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon and methanol to form hydrogen used in fuel cell or hydrogen engine.    ADVANTAGE - Formation of metallic compound is prevented. Reliability in reforming is improved. Temperature rise of catalyst near the gas outlet is prevented by providing greater ratio of catalyst filler near inflow opening, hence degradation of catalyst is prevented. Mixing of raw material gas is accelerated by providing fins in container.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Raw material gas inflow opening and reformed gas outlet (32) are provided in the reaction container. Fins are provided for diffusing heat produced by oxidation reaction. The ratio of catalyst to fire-proof filler near the inflow opening is set larger than that at the outlet. The raw material contains oxygen and water vapor which is supplied to hydrocarbon fuel to form hydrogen by oxidation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic perspective view of cross-section of fuel reformer.    Gas outlet (32)    Catalyst filler (71)    Fire-proof filler (72)
NOVELTY - The production of hydrogen involves steam reforming a hydrocarbon in the presence of trace amounts of oxygen. The molar ratio of oxygen and carbon generated from the hydrocarbon is 0.001-0.3.    USE - For a fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is manufactured efficiently and stably in the presence of a trace amount of oxygen even when a heavy hydrocarbon such as paraffin oil is used as a raw material. Precipitation of carbon on the catalyst is suppressed.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen formation device (10) comprises a fuel inlet (25) for supplying oxygen and fuel containing hydrocarbon or methanol. A primary catalyst layer (22) which activates the oxidation reaction of fuel, and a hydrogen permeation film (24) which permeates the hydrogen formed by oxidation reaction are provided. The hydrogen permeated from the film is ejected through an outlet (30).    USE - For forming hydrogen used for fuel cells and hydrogen engines.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen formed by oxidation reaction and water gas shift reaction in primary and secondary catalyst layers, respectively is effectively permeated through the hydrogen permeation film. The hydrogen formation efficiency is improved by using simple and compact hydrogen formation device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the hydrogen formation device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen formation device (10)    Inner tube (20)    Outer tube (21)    Primary catalyst layer (22)    Secondary catalyst layer (23)    Hydrogen permeation film (24)    Fuel inlet (25)    Water vapor inlet (28)    Hydrogen outlet (30)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system has an air line (R) which leads air from a reformer (51) to a laminated cell stack body (7), arranged at its upstream end.    USE - For automatic two and three wheeled vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - By securing the cooling property through the air line supplying air, the thermal efficiency of the vehicle is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cell stack body (7) houses several cells and the reformer (51) which generates hydrogen gas is arranged at the front and rear side of the chassis.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a side view of the vehicle with the fuel cell system and the drive system.    Cell stack (7)    Reformer (51)    Air line (R)
NOVELTY - A new polymer having phosphoric acid groups is given by polymerizing (metha)acrylate having phosphoric acid groups on its side chains. A new copolymer having phosphoric acid groups is given by co-polymerizing (metha)acrylate having phosphoric acid groups on its side chains and the other vinyl monomers.    USE - For fuel cells, primary or secondary batteries, capacitors, display devices, or ion exchange membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The new polymer can be processed into films by casting. The solid polymer electrolyte provides higher heat resistance and proton-conductivity even in a dehydrated state.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system has container filled with hydrogen occlusion alloy which carried out fluoride process, into which gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO) is passed. Methanation of CO by catalytic action of hydrogen occlusion alloy is carried out, and CO is removed. The gas containing hydrogen is supplied to the fuel electrode of fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cells using hydrogen occlusion alloy, and gas free of CO, purge gas and off-gas are used as fuel for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide is removed easily from gas containing hydrogen and CO.
NOVELTY - A bipolar separator plate comprises a core layer (2) of a metal having high electrical and thermal conductivity and having oppositely facing surfaces (8) and cladding layers (4). Each cladding layer has an electrically-conductive polymer resistant to electrochemical and environmental conditions to which it will be exposed in a cell and to protect the core layer.    USE - The bipolar separator is used for polymer electrolyte membrane electrochemical and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The use of aluminum (or other highly thermal and electrical metallic) core for bipolar plates allows for sealing gaskets to be easily co-molded on to the plate structure, thus simplifying assembly and reducing the costs of the final cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the bipolar plate.    Core layer (2)    Cladding layers (4)    Facing surfaces (8)    Ridges (12)    Channels (14)
NOVELTY - The water storage and supply vessel contains water/methanol mixture in proportions guaranteeing adequate front protection.    USE - To generate a hydrogen-rich, low-CO mixture from a water fuel mixture by catalytic steam reforming and/or from an oxygen/fuel mixture by partial oxidation. The gas is suitable for static or mobile fuel cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - Reliable frost protection is conferred. The methanol is used as an anti-freezing agent, as well as participating in the reaction. There is no limitation on the fuel which can be supplied separately, so e.g. higher alcohols, petrol, diesel, LPG, natural gas or dimethyl ether can be employed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred features: The fuel storage and supply vessel contains methanol or other fuel suitable for the reformer reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A block diagram of the unit is presented.    gas generator (1)    reformer (2)    CO-shift reactor (4)    gas purification (5)    fuel tank (10)    water tank (11)    water supply line (17)
NOVELTY - At least one of the moulds (2,4,10) is provided with a flash reservoir cavity (11) in communication with the molding cavity.    USE - Used to provide a fuel cell separator (5).    ADVANTAGE - The mould achieves high dimensional accuracy in the molding process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a cross-section of the mould.    Moulds (2,4,10)    Separator (5)    Gas vent holes (7)    Flash reservoir cavity (11)    Seal (14)
NOVELTY - An electronically conducting fuel cell component includes a porous metal flow field (2), an intermediate layer bonded directly to the porous metal flow field, and an electrode bonded directly to the intermediate layer.    USE - Used for an electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention eliminates the need for tie rods or other mechanical pressure to keep the electrical contact of the fuel cell component layers.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making the electronically conducting fuel cell component.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow field-bipolar plate assembly having an electrically conducting gas barrier and porous metal flow fields bonded to each side by continuous metallurgic bonds.    Porous metal flow field (2)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a reformer generating hydrogen-containing gas as starting fuel. The reforming fuel and oxidizing agent are first supplied to the reformer when the fuel cell system is started, and a rise in temperature of the reformer is begun by a partial oxidation reaction of the reforming fuel and the oxidation agent.    USE - For automobiles.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive fuel cell system is capable of shortening a starting time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of controlling a fuel cell system having the above reformer.
NOVELTY - A methanol reforming catalyst comprises a first catalytic component containing copper oxide and zinc oxide, and a second catalytic component containing metal oxide and platinum or palladium.    USE - The catalyst is used in a methanol gas reforming reaction for generating hydrogen-containing gas that is used for a fuel gas supplied to a fuel cell used in a power source of a mobile body, e.g. car and ship.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive methanol reforming catalyst has excellent durability and high catalytic performance. It omits the heating apparatus for the steam reaction and the reducing apparatus for using copper-zinc based catalyst. It decreases the carbon monoxide concentration in the reformed gas and stably accelerates auto-thermal reforming process for a longer time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a method of reforming methanol comprising contacting a mixed gas containing methanol, steam, and oxygen with the second catalytic component, and contacting a reformed gas and the mixed gas with the first catalytic component;    (B) a methanol reformer comprising a gas inlet port, a reactor vessel, and a gas outlet port;    (C) a methanol reforming apparatus comprising a methanol supply source, an oxygen supply source, a steam supply source, the methanol reformer, and pipes supplying methanol, oxygen and steam to the methanol reformer; and    (D) a fuel cell system comprising the methanol reforming apparatus, a fuel cell, a pipe supplying a reformed gas to the fuel cell, and a pipe supplying a gas containing oxygen to the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A reaction mixture-furnishing apparatus comprises an air in-feed, a fuel in-feed (22), a water vapor generator and a liquid water in-feed (25), each having a regulating mechanism. A control unit communicates with the above components.    USE - For furnishing a reaction mixture for a reforming catalyst of a fuel cell assembly for automotive use.    ADVANTAGE - The invention furnishes adequate hydrogen flow rate immediately after cold starting. The liquid water in-feed is increased both in the cold starting phase and upon an increase in the power demand to the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for operating an apparatus for furnishing a reaction mixture for a reforming catalyst of a fuel assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view through a combined liquid water and fuel in-feed.    Fuel in-feed (22)    Liquid water in feed (25)    Water cooling mechanism (38)    Regulating fuel valve (40)    Swirl insert (42)    Multiple-hole insert (50)
NOVELTY - An integral air impermeable composite membrane, having a thickness of at most 0.8 mil, comprises a microporous polymeric support (4) having a porosity of 70-98%, and ion exchange resin(s) (2) filling the microstructure.    USE - For use in, e.g. electrolysis in fuel cells and batteries, chemical separation, pervaporation, gas separation, dialysis separation, industrial electrochemistry (e.g. chloralkali), catalysis, or enzyme immobilization.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive composite membrane is mechanically strong and is uniformly pore occlusive such that no pinholes or other discontinuities exist within the structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a preparation of the above composite membrane, comprising applying an ion exchange resin solution to the polymeric support until the microstructure is filled with the resin.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic cross-section of the composite membrane that is fully impregnated with the ion exchange resin and has a reinforcement backing attached to it.    Ion exchange resin (2)    Polymeric support (4)    Reinforcement backing (6)
NOVELTY - Reformer (1) comprises tube shaped modification unit (MU) (2) provided along combustion gas flow path (4), combustion unit (3) and air chamber (11) provided along inner side of (4). Reformed gas rich in hydrogen is formed in MU by water vapor modification reaction (WMR). Combustion unit supplies combustion gas used as heat source for WMR. MU is provided at the outer side of reformer above combustion unit.    USE - For forming reformed gas rich in hydrogen.    ADVANTAGE - The combusted gas is passed close to modification unit, hence heat of combusted gas is effectively transferred to reformer. The modification unit is maintained warm by the heat radiated from heat radiating unit, hence heat energy of combustion gas can be effectively transferred to modification unit. Heat generation by combustion gas is accelerated by introducing air.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of reformer. (Includes non-English language text).    Reformer (1)    Modification unit (2)    Combustion unit (3)    Combustion gas flow path (4)    Air chamber (11)    Heat radiating transfer unit (14)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage container has a pressure vessel (10) containing hydrogen occlusion carbon fiber (3) having a floor area ratio of 65% or less w.r.t the total volume content of the pressure vessel.    USE - For fuel cells or burners (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The amount of hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage container is stabilized. Hydrogen storage ability of the container is improved. Weight reduction of the container is attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a fuel cell which has electromotive part comprising a fuel electrode and an oxidizing agent electrode arranged on both sides of an electrolyte board, where an oxidizing agent supply unit and hydrogen storage container are provided for supplying oxidizing agent and hydrogen to the oxidizing agent electrode and fuel electrode, respectively, and the hydrogen storage container contains hydrogen occlusion carbon fiber in the pressure vessel; and    (ii) a burner comprising a combustion chamber and a hydrogen storage container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a hydrogen storage container.    Carbon fiber (3)    Pressure vessel (10)
NOVELTY - A pair of end plates (12) are arranged on either ends of battery pack. Three fastening bolts (16,17) of different diameter provided in a strip-shaped fastening frame (14), press-fits the end plate along lamination direction of battery pack.    USE - Polyelectrolyte fuel cell stack for portable electric power unit, electric vehicle, domestic co-generator system, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Since fastening bolts enable press-fitting of end plate to battery pack, cost reduction during mass production is achieved by reducing number of components and work process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline structure of polyelectrolyte fuel cell stack.    End plates (12)    Fastening frame (14)    Fastening bolts (16,17)
NOVELTY - Separator between the cathode and anode includes a laminate (20) whose either sides are provided with row of inlet and outlet openings (6a,6c) for hot gas and oxidizing gas respectively supplied to anode and cathode. Grooves (26,27) are provided in between the openings on either sides of laminate which is bonded to the exterior manifold (21) through an airtight material.    USE - Polyelectrolyte type fuel cell used as power supply for electric vehicle, domestic cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - Sealing property of battery cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The inlet and outlet openings for gases supplied to the electrodes are formed in a single tier. Anode of the cell has catalytic reaction layer pinched between solid polymer electrolyte films.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of position relationship of battery laminate and exterior manifold.    Openings (6a,6c)    Laminate (20)    Exterior manifold (21)    Grooves (26,27)
NOVELTY - Electrode has catalytic reaction layer formed on both sides of polymeric electrolyte film. Heating gas is supplied to the cell consisting of electrode through gas passage way. Non-electroconductive sealing portion is provided on the side of cell for sealing gas in between electrode and separator. Gas manifold supplying gas to cell is formed from rigid case and sealing portion is formed from elastic case.    USE - For portable electric power unit, electric vehicle and domestic generator.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in air resistance and gas sealing property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polyelectrolyte type cell manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic perspective view of polyelectrolyte type fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Silicon group semiconductor layer is laminated on a substrate, using a film forming apparatus. The laminate conditions of the film forming apparatus are changed and silicon group semiconductor layers of different kinds are laminated.    USE - For laminating semiconductor layer in photoelectric conversion apparatus such as hybrid type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Restrains the length of film forming apparatus and hence reduces cost. Improves the maintenance property by laminating different types of semiconductor layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for semiconductor layer laminating apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model figure of laminate apparatus of semiconductor layer.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen-rich fuel manufacturing apparatus has housing with inlet (33) for introducing water and gas fuel, outlet (34) for ejecting hydrogen-rich fuel, arc reaction chamber (76) having electrodes (E1,E2) and electrode holder with E2, connected to inlet and outlet, electrical supply unit which supplies electrical power to E1 and E2, generates arc in (76), and raw material injector (24) near to E2.    USE - For manufacture of hydrogen-rich fuel, such as synthetic fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The mass production of hydrogen-rich fuel is inexpensively attained using raw material of distilled water, pure water, drinking water, industrial water or sea water, and gas fuel. The hydrogen-rich fuel is manufactured easily and efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of hydrogen-rich fuel manufacturing apparatus.    Injector (24)    Inlet (33)    Outlet (34)    Arc reaction chamber (76)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module (M) comprises solar battery tile (T) which consists of a flexible substrate and an optoelectric transducer, pinched with resin films (4, 5). The outer most film of light-receiving surface consists of a fire-resistant material.    USE - For installing as tiles on roof or wall of building.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module is flexible, has high moisture resistance, flame retardance or non-flammability and photoconversion characteristics, long-term reliability. The spread of fire is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of solar battery module which involves performing heat-attachment of solar battery main body and resin film in piles at 130-160degreesC.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view and sectional drawing of solar battery module.    Solar battery tile (T)    Solar battery module (M)    Resin films (4, 5)
NOVELTY - Coating of silicon dioxide thick film involves coating poly silazane solution on base material, performing evaporation drying, heat processing in air and water vapor, and treating with steam of amine group compound.    USE - For solar battery, liquid crystal and optical waveguides.    ADVANTAGE - Generation of crack and peeling of the film is inhibited.
NOVELTY - The carbon thin plate substrate is formed by applying a mixture of carbon powder and thermosetting resin chosen from phenol group resin and furan group resin, on a heat resistant thin plate. Carbonization of coated plate is performed by baking after passing through drying and heat curing process.    USE - For solar batteries and thin film semiconductor crystal solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - A silicon crystal thin film of improved strength is formed on the substrate. Cheap substrate and inexpensive solar battery are provided. Solar battery element of high efficiency is produced, as impurities received in the crystal can be reduced. Generation of thermal stress is suppressed, thereby preventing damaging of film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film semiconductor crystal solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows carbon thin plate substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Device for judging the efficiency of fuel cell comprises a container (100) for holding an electrode catalyst; a feed device (300) connected to the container and feeding a predetermined amount of carbon monoxide to the container; a collecting device (400) connected to the container and collecting carbon monoxide releases from the container; an adsorption amount determining device which determines the amount of carbon monoxide from the feed device and the amount of carbon monoxide adsorbed by the catalyst; and a calculating device (500) which calculates a starting voltage based on the adsorption amount.    USE - Used for judging the efficiency of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The device is simple and precise.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) a process for the production of electrode catalysts for fuel cells;    (B) a process for the production of membrane electrode arrangements;    (C) a process for the production of fuel cells;    (D) the fuel cell itself;    (E) the membrane electrode arrangement itself; and    (F) a process for judging gas reaction electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the judging device.    container (100)    feed device (300)    collecting device (400)    calculating device (500)
NOVELTY - Process for treating a material in a reactor (3) with a reaction chamber (21) containing catalyst allows the active cross-section of the reaction chamber to be altered, depending on the process parameters. The pressure in the reactor and a distribution pipe (19) connected to it is used provide access to or seal off the catalyst in one or both of these.    USE - In a fuel cell, for oxidation of CO in a hydrogen-rich gas mixture, or for reforming reactions to produce hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a device for carrying out the process comprising a spring piston (17, 18) mounted in the reactor or distribution pipe which is compressed against a mounting (20) by the pressure on the material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of the reactor.    Reactor (3)    Spring piston (17, 18)    Distribution pipe (19)    Mounting (20)    Reaction chamber (21)    Reaction channels (22)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen-rich fuel improving equipment consists of fuel box, water tank, two ultrasonic atomizers, two mixers, two high-temp. chambers and controller, the fuel box, ultrasonic atomizer, mixer, high-temp, chamber, mixer and high-temp. chamber are series-connected in turn, the water tank is connected with second ultrasonic atomizer, then is respectively connected with two mixers, the controller is connected with ultrasonic atomizer and high-temp. chamber. Said invention adopts the ultrasonic atomization process, CaHb and H2O can be uniformly mixed so as to make formation product H2 retain stable.
NOVELTY - A monomer of fluoro phosphonate, that is, trifluoro vinyl phosphonic diester monomer is synthesized from CF2BrCFClBr as raw material. Its synthesizing process includes sulfinating dehalogenation reaction with Na2S2O4/NaHCO3 in the organic solvent and water mixed solution at 0-80 degreesC in the presence of surfactant, addition reaction with vinyl-terminated phosphonic diester, and de-ortho-dihalogenation and reduction de-brominating in the presence of Zn powder and CuCl2 as catalyst.    USE - The synthetic monomer may be used as metal extractant and solid electrolyte in fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - The synthetic monomer has both excellent anti-corrosion nature and high-temperature chemical stability of PTFE and the wide usage of phosphonate.
NOVELTY - A char (2) is formed by heating refuse in a refuse incineration installation (1) in presence of insufficient oxygen. The char filled in a shaft kiln (5) is heated by supplying electricity. Steam (3) from refuse incineration installation is supplied to the shaft kiln and aqueous gasification reaction is performed to obtain reformed gas (15) containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.    USE - For manufacturing reformed gas useful as alternate fossil fuel or fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The waste heat from the refuse incineration is utilized efficiently. The reformed gas without carbon dioxide is obtained, thereby the reduction of CO2 in the reformed gas is not performed. Hence the fuel having high calorie is obtained, and reduction of fuel cost and size reduction of burner are attained. The operating expense is reduced by using electric power from wind power machine or thermo-electric current generating element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the flow chart of manufacture of char reformed gas. (Drawing includes non-English text).    Refuse incineration installation (1)    Char (2)    Steam (3)    Shaft kiln (5)    Reformed gas (15)    Wind power machine (18)    Electric power (19,21)    Thermo-electric current generating element (20)
NOVELTY - An inorganic layer (102) is provided on one side or both sides of the high-polymeric film (101).    USE - For solar battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - As an inorganic layer is formed on one side or both sides of high polymer film, curl prevention of base material and adhesion between base material and solar battery element are improved, and hence the characteristic of the solar battery element is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polymer for high-polymer film is chosen from polystyrene, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene napthalate, polyimide, polyarylate, polyether sulfone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polyether imide and aramids. The inorganic compound for inorganic layer is chosen from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, alumina, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconia, tantalum oxide and diamond-like carbon. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric sectional view of base material for solar battery.    High-polymeric film (101)    Inorganic layer (102)
NOVELTY - The material comprises an oxide having perovskite type crystal structure with general formula expressed as R2CuO4 and another oxide with general formula XZ2Cu3O6, where R is rare earth elements, Z is alkaline earth metal and X is yttrium, lanthanum or praseodymium.    USE - For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The light energy is converted efficiently into electrical energy as the rate of absorption of light by the absorption layer is enhanced. The degradation of the solar battery due to usage is eliminated as the absorption layer has high mechanical strength. The optical absorption layer is formed simply and the manufacturing cost is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the solar battery. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A reheater burner (70) receives waste hydrogen from fuel cell (1) and performs combustion of the hydrogen in presence of a catalyst. The reheater burner then reheats warm water by using heat resulting from combustion of hydrogen.    USE - For electricity generation and hot water supply.    ADVANTAGE - Time required to switch ON a reheater burner is shortened and fuel burning temperature is reduced, hence performance of reheater burner is enhanced and occurrence of toxic substance is suppressed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Reheater burner (70)
NOVELTY - Zinc oxide electrodeposition method involves electrochemically precipitating zinc oxide from aqueous solution on a substrate. At least 30% of the water content adsorbed on the zinc oxide during washing of the precipitate, is removed by drying.    USE - For coating substrate surface with zinc oxide e.g., reflex layer of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - A secondary additive needed for precipitation is not required and a stable low resistance zinc oxide thin film is formed without changing the film forming conditions. High temperature is produced for drying process, without requiring any additional installation. Low resistance is reliably securable over the whole apparatus and the temperature can be quickly cooled, hence excessive heat is not applied on the film. Zinc oxide film formation is effected.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for zinc oxide electrodeposition apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the warm air drying machine used in zinc oxide electrodeposition apparatus.
NOVELTY - Catalyst body for hydrocarbon fuel reforming (1) consists of a catalyst layer which is supported by a support (2) having a honey comb cross-section of metals. The hydrocarbon fuel is reduced to hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide referred to a conversion gas from which carbon monoxide concentration is reduced by selective oxidation.    USE - For use in fuel cells for use as electric power source for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Catalyst body for hydrocarbon fuel reforming with metal support, has excellent mechanical capability, especially, impact resistance property and provides reduced pressure loss to passage of hydrocarbon fuel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the catalyst body for hydrocarbon fuel reforming.    Catalyst body for hydrocarbon fuel reforming (1)    Support (2)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack (12) has unit cells comprising lateral electrodes, solid polymer electrolyte film and separator. A liquid seal member and pressure application unit (145) are also provided in the fuel cell stack. Each unit cell is of rectangular shape having width/length ratio of 1:3. The pressure application unit comprises 2 or more disk-like springs (146a-146c) horizontally arranged in a row.    USE - The fuel cell stack is used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell stack has excellent sealing performance, electricity generation performance and workability. Bearing distribution on the surface of unit fuel cell is made uniform.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows transverse plane explanatory view of fuel cells stacks.    Fuel cell stacks (12)    Pressure application unit (145)    Springs (146a - 146c)
NOVELTY - Ion conductor is a perovskite oxide of specified formula.    USE - The ion conductor is used as a solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices (claimed) e.g., fuel cells or gas sensors such as hydrogen or hydrocarbon sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The ion conductor has high reliability and excellent thermal resistance and shock resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ion conductor is a perovskite oxide having a composition represented by formula (I):    M = trivalent substituent element;    x and y are at least zero but smaller than 1;    x + y is larger than 0 but smaller than 1; and    p is larger than 0 but smaller than 1.5.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical device comprising the above ion conductor as a solid electrolyte.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a fuel cell.    Cathode (1)    Solid electrolyte (2)    Anode (3)    Separators (4)    Fuel gas (5)    Oxidation gas (6)    Layered units (7)
NOVELTY - The temperature of fuel processor (2) which generates hydrogen rich stream is monitored. The quantity of hydrocarbon fuel stream (46) supply to combustor is controlled, based on detected temperature of fuel processor and comparison of quantity of hydrocarbon fuel stream with the range of predetermined values.    USE - The method of operating the combustor is used in fuel cell system used in electric vehicle power plants to replace internal combustion (IC) engines.    ADVANTAGE - Variety of corrective actions are possible by comparing quantity of hydrocarbon fuel stream to a range of preset values.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system.    Fuel processor (2)    Hydrocarbon fuel stream (46)
NOVELTY - An additive for catalysis of (de)hydrogenation and activation of storage materials, comprising metals, metal alloys, intermetallic phases or composites of these, contains metal nitride(s) and/or carbide(s).    USE - The storage material is useful for storing hydrogen for use e.g. as fuel in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Adding the catalyst reduces the temperatures at which hydrogenation and dehydrogenation are possible (all claimed). It is cost-effective and stable for long periods and increases the rate of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation.
NOVELTY - A paste is a heterogeneous mixture of a matrix (A) comprising organic polymer(s) or their precursor(s) or prepolymer(s), an inorganic solid (B), which is insoluble in the matrix and water and can be activated electrochemically, and a material (C), which improves electrolyte fluid transport and storage in the device but does not simultaneously improve the conductivity if (B) is a material suitable as electrode material.    USE - The films are useful for making electrochemical devices, especially accumulators and batteries in the form of thin film laminates, including compact accumulators and accumulators in substrates for solar cells; and in thick-film technology, e.g. for back-up chips.    ADVANTAGE - Using the paste avoids the drawbacks associated with the use of homogeneous constituents, i.e. materials capable of electrochemical activation that are soluble in the polymer or electrochemically active film composites with a high degree of porosity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) self-supporting or supported films comprising a heterogeneous mixture of (A), (B) and (C);    (b) film laminates;    (c) thick-film rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising the laminate;    (d) the production of flexible and self-supporting or supported films, laminates and electrochemical devices; and    (e) the use of material (C) in pastes containing (A) and (B) and the self-supporting and supported films.
NOVELTY - Support (6) which is provided between two flat plate layers (2), consists of multiple protrusions formed on either side surfaces of board. Catalytic agents (5) are adhered to the support. Methanol or water flow path extends through plate layers. Heat generated on support, is transmitted to plate layers.    USE - As heat exchanger for catalytic combustion of hydrogen gas, in order to vaporize methanol or water, in fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The evaporator is miniaturized. The combustion heat is effectively transmitted from support to plate layers. Efficiency of fuel cell system, is enhanced because pressure loss is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of evaporator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Flat plate layers (2)    Catalytic agents (5)    Support (6)
NOVELTY - Production of electroconductive resin moldings comprises kneading 100 pts. wt. of (A) graphite powder and up to 15 pts. wt. of (B) thermosetting resin to obtain a uniform resin composition, grinding it, and press molding and curing the prepared ground prod. The graphite powder consists of: (a) graphite powder having average particle size of 50-300 microns and (b) graphite powder having average particle size of smaller than 50 microns in ratio of 100/5-100/150.    USE - The resin moldings are used for separators of fuel batteries and antistatic materials.    ADVANTAGE - The resin moldings have low electrical specific resistance    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An independent claim is also included for separators of fuel batteries prepared from the electroconductive resin moldings and having electrical specific resistance of up to 1/100 ohm cm.
NOVELTY - Heat exchanger (8) cools the carbon monoxide (CO) contained in the raw gas. The high and low temperature transformers (7,9) are provided integrally with heat exchanger for transforming carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (CO2) by water gas shift reaction, respectively.    USE - Carbon monoxide transformation apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is simplified by providing low and high temperature transformers and heat exchanger integrally in one container. Heat loss is reduced. The carbon monoxide is reduced reliably by using honeycomb catalyst. Hydrogen is generated effectively. Heat is recovered reliably by utilizing waste gas, raw material gas. The efficiency of fuel cell system is improved. Thermal deterioration of catalyst is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transformers (7,9) are provided to container (25). The honeycomb catalyst makes honeycomb carrier to carry filled layer of low temperature transformation catalyst (28) to high temperature transformation catalyst and also from high temperature transformation catalyst (27) to low temperature transformation catalyst. Heat is recovered by heat exchange with waste gas of water vapor, raw material gas or electrode of fuel cell and high temperature settled raw gas. A high temperature transformer is provided in the inner cylinder (26). Heat exchanger is provided by the cyclic space between inner cylinder and container. The pipe connected with heat exchanger penetrates the low temperature transformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of carbon monoxide transformation apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transformers (7,9)    Heat exchanger (8)    Container (25)    Inner cylinder (26)    High and low temperature transformation catalysts (27,28)
NOVELTY - A resin layer (5) containing ultraviolet absorbing material is provided to back side of base film (1) while front surface side of base film is laminated sequentially with an inorganic oxide group vapor deposition film (2), coating film (3) containing polycondensate and coloring polyester type resin layer (4).    USE - For solar battery module for consumer electronic appliances such as calculator, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Enables to obtain protection sheet with weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind pressure resistance, hail resistance, chemical resistance and damp-proof characteristics in addition to light reflection and diffusion property. Prevents degradation of characteristic with respect to time to enhance durability and protection capability of film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar cell modules.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of solar cell module.    base film (1)    vapor deposition film (2)    coating film (3)    resin layers (4,5)
NOVELTY - The semiconductor device consists of beta iron silicide (beta-FeSi2) film (6) on a fluoride substrate (5), which is obtained by single crystal growth.    USE - Semiconductor device such as infrared-light sensor device, solar battery device, thermo-electric conversion device, electronic integrated device, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of the semiconductor device is performed efficiently and economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the diagram of the semiconductor device.    Substrate (5)    Beta iron silicide film (6)
NOVELTY - Flexible photoelectric conversion sheet (3) of optoelectrical transducer is wound on cylindrical core (2). The battery (4) is charged by signals from sheet (3). A controller regulates charging-discharging of battery. The transducer is rolled out of core, based on temperature of battery. When the detected temperature exceeds set limit, electrical connection between battery and other components, is cut-off by a release mechanism.    USE - Solar battery for electrical equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures safety, by releasing connection between battery and related equipment depending on temperature variation. As the environmental pollution by generation of harmful discharge is prevented, contamination is prevented and earth resources are utilized, effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of optically chargeable secondary battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Core (2)    Photoelectric conversion sheet (3)    Battery (4)
NOVELTY - Polymer composition comprises 100 parts wt. of (A) ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers having unsaturated carboxylic acid content of at least 4 wt. % and melting point of 85degreesC or higher or their ionomers with 1-30 parts wt. of (B) inorganic fillers having difference in refractive index from the copolymers or their ionomers of up to 0.15 compounded.    USE - The polymer composition is used as sealing materials for solar cell elements.    ADVANTAGE - The resin composition has high transparency, adhesion and heat resistance.
NOVELTY - The battery (31) electrically connects unit regions of photoelectric conversion layer separated on flexible substrate surface. Protective layer (33) is formed on light receiving and non-receiving surfaces of battery and extends in side direction of battery to form non-electric generation area. Extended connection electrode layer and wiring (42) on non-electric generation area, are connected electrically.    USE - Solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies wiring structure.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Photoelectric conversion section laminates sequentially lower electrode layer, photoelectric conversion layer, transparent electrode layer and connection electrode layer which is formed on backside of substrate. Photoelectric conversion layer and connection electrode layer are separated into unit regions. The protective layer is made of organic binding materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate and includes moisture proof film such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and cycloolefin polymer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of solar battery module. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Solar battery (31)    Protective layer (33)    Wiring (42)
NOVELTY - Electric arc welding equipment with welding circuit and welding electrode for forming a weld bead on a workpiece has fuel cell(s) as electrical energy source to supply the voltage and current for the circuit and (partly) strike an arc between the electrode and workpiece. Between its anode and cathode, the cell has proton-conducting solid polymer membrane(s), holding an organic maintenance agent and a mechanism for transferring this to the anode.    USE - The equipment is especially useful as portable electric arc welding equipment.    ADVANTAGE - Existing portable arc welding equipment normally uses one or often two generators operating with a mineral oil, e.g. petrol, which are noisy and produce hazardous waste gas. Battery-operated equipment is extremely cumbersome and has a limited life, whilst solar collectors are impractical. The fuel cells are more environmentally friendly, simple and safe to operate and suitable for use under numerous conditions. They are portable, give high quality welds and also reduce noise and pollution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (a) the welding process using this equipment, which comprises providing an electrode, fuel cell as energy source and circuit and supplying the current to strike the arc; (b) the use of a fuel cell for supplying current and voltage in this equipment or process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of electric arc welding equipment with a fuel cell as energy source. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electric arc welding unit (20)    Workpieces to be welded (30)    Welding head (40)    Nozzle (42)    Housing (50)    Welding electrode (60)    Roll of welding wire (70)    Protective gas source (80)    Gas pipe (82)    Electrical energy source (90)    Fuel cells (100)
NOVELTY - Production of sulfonated aromatic polymers comprises mixing an inert organic solvent, a carboxylic acid anhydride and a sulfonation agent and a polymer solution in concentrated H2SO4, chlorosulfonic acid or oleum and reacting at below 25 degrees C.    USE - For the production of homogeneous membranes or multi-component blend membranes used in electro-membrane processes, such as electrodialysis, and fuel cells (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - There is no degradation during sulfonation and the degree of homogeneity is high.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell separator is formed by dispersing a conductor in a resin.    USE - The separator can be used in solid polymer type fuel cell or phosphoric acid type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has electrical resistance, gas permeability, liquid swellability and mechanical strength. It has good moldability and is economic. The separator is made lighter and has good dimensional accuracy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (1) the manufacture of the fuel cell separator by heat molding the mixture of conductor and resin; and    (2) a fuel cell having the separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a separator where the ribs are present on both surfaces of the plate.    Separator (1)    Ribs (2)    Grooves (3)    Flat Plate (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a first anode electrode (20) embedded within the aquatic sediment (12), a second cathode electrode (30) positioned within the seawater (16) and above the aquatic sediment, a rig (40) for maintaining the relative positions of the anode and the cathode electrodes, and electrical leads (42) extending from the anode and cathode electrodes to a load.    USE - For generating power from voltage gradients at sediment-water interfaces or within stratified euxinic water-columns. For sonar beacon and sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides power to aquatic deployed devices for prolonged periods using natural voltage gradients.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of generating power from voltage gradients at interfaces (14) between water and aquatic sediment.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic of the fuel cell for generating energy at an aquatic sediment-water interface.    Aquatic sediment (12)    Interface (14)    Seawater (16)    Anode electrode (20)    Cathode electrode (30)    Rig (40)    Electrical leads (42)
NOVELTY - A sealing composition comprises: (a) an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (A); (b) a crosslinking agent (B); and either (c) a polymerization inhibitor (C); or (d) a chain transfer agent (D).    USE - For sealing methods (claimed) and compositions for sealing electronic materials (claimed); e.g. between glass, metal, plastic or rubber substrates of liquid crystals, solar cells, electroluminescence and plasma displays.    ADVANTAGE - The composition has excellent sealing properties, and by controlling the initial curing rate, sealing can be performed with good production efficiency in high yield without residual air bubbles and adhesion failures.
NOVELTY - An electrolyte material is deposited on a porous substrate by forming a suspension comprising a polar solvent and particles having controlled surface charge. A porous substrate is immersed into the suspension, and a voltage is then applied to across the suspension between an electrode in contact with the suspension and the substrate.    USE - For depositing an electrolyte material on a porous substrate useful as electrodes in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method has the ability to lay down high quality films on a porous substrate, requires only one deposition step, and produces films of similar quality to those obtained by the expensive conventional processes. It also eliminates the creation of unwanted insulating phase, and improves the ability of the electrolyte to sinter to full density in only one sintering step.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Deposition of an electrolyte material on a porous substrate comprises forming a suspension comprising a polar liquid medium and particles having a controlled surface charge for use as an electrolyte. A fugitive electrically conductive material is deposited on the porous substrate, which has an electrode material. The porous substrate is immersed in the suspension, and a voltage is applied across the suspension between an electrode in contact with the suspension and the substrate so that a portion of the particles migrates toward and is deposited on the substrate to form a particle layered substrate. Finally, the particle layered substrate is treated to cause disappearance of the fugitive electrically conductive material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a diagram of a tubular air electrode supported solid oxide fuel cell.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell drive system comprises a fuel cell unit (10) formed by laminating multiple cells. The unit is mounted rotatably at the periphery of an axis (A) of a vehicle frame. A rotating unit is provided to make the cell unit rotate in the periphery of the axis of the frame.    USE - Vehicles such as motorcycles.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction in chemical reaction efficiency is prevented because influence of moisture content on the fuel cell is prevented by positioning the fuel cell unit rotatably at the periphery of the axis of the vehicle frame.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the side view of motor cycle provided with the fuel cell drive system.    Cell unit (10)    Axis of vehicle frame (A)
NOVELTY - The method involves supplying an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble liquid organic compound to a supercritical water area. The organic fuel substance in organic compound, is oxidized by oxidizing agent in presence of supercritical water to form reaction fluid. Power is generated from heat energy of reaction fluid. The organic compound does not contain inorganic acid formation elements like sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus and nitrogen, has fuel substance such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Practical and economical electricity generation using the composite type electricity generation system is obtained, since the water soluble liquid organic compound is supplied along with oxidizing agent to the water in the supercritical oxidation reaction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flowchart of the electricity generation system describing the power generation method. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A mount structure (30) is provided for mounting the fuel cell stack onto a vehicle. The mount structure consists of end plates (16,24) arranged on the lamination end sides of the fuel cell stack. A fixed support unit (158a) is provided at the end plate side, through a rubber mount (31), and a movable support unit (158b) is provided at the another end plate side through a rubber mount (168).    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of heating gas from the laminate part is prevented reliably. Bad influence on the fastening part and sealing part, is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell stack consists of an unit fuel cell containing a lateral anode and a lateral cathode on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte film, through a separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the side explanatory drawing of fuel cell system.    end plates (16,24)    mount structure (30)    rubber mount (31,168)    fixed support unit (158a)    movable support unit (158b)
NOVELTY - Battery stack part containing a pair of output terminal, is contacted with a manifold injection hole which supplies heating gas (A), oxidizing agent gas (B) and cooling water (C), into the collector board. A manifold discharge port is provided for ejecting (A-C). One of the output terminal, manifold injection hole and the manifold discharge port are arranged in the same surface.    USE - For portable electric power unit, electric vehicles, generator etc.    ADVANTAGE - Freedom of apparatus mounting property is improved. Water content which is generated during reaction, is driven off efficiently from each single battery. Reliability of the fuel cell is maintained for long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell consists of a polymer electrolyte film between a pair of electrodes, laminated through an electroconductive separator. A pair of collector board is provided at the ends of the laminate part. A heating gas supply unit is provided for supplying heating gas containing hydrogen, to one side of the electrolyte film. An oxidizing agent gas supply unit is provided for supplying gas containing oxygen, to another side of the electrolyte film. A battery stack part comprising a pair of output terminal, is physically contacted with the manifold
NOVELTY - Humidification apparatus (12,13) of fuel cell system comprises gas introduction port (41) for introducing exhaust gas containing water vapor ejected from fuel cell (11), water vapor permeable films (34,35) for permeating water vapor contained in exhaust gas, and water vapor outlets (27b,74). The water vapor permeated through the film (34) is ejected by outlet and utilized for electricity generation.    USE - As humidification apparatus of fuel system.    ADVANTAGE - The water vapor contained in the exhaust gas of fuel cell is recovered by the water vapor permeable film. The recovered water vapor is utilized for operating fuel cell system, thereby external source of humidification is not required. The system is small sized and simple. Since water vapor is directly taken out from exhaust gas, maintenance of water is easy. The water system and humidification system of fuel cell are provided separately, hence the structure is simple.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell ester. (Drawing included non-English language text).    Fuel cell system (1)    Hydrogen formation device (10)    Fuel cell (11)    Humidification apparatus (12,13)    Water vapor outlets (27b,74)    Water vapor permeable films (34,35)    Gas introduction port (41)
NOVELTY - The electrolyte for fuel cells contains phosphorus pentoxide and silica at a molar ratio of 2:98-50:50. The fuel cell contains compact of amorphous silica having electric conductivity of 10 mS/cm or more at 50degreesC.    USE - For use in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte enables efficient operation of fuel cell. Troublesome operation of strict control of differential pressure of electrolyte, is eliminated and reliable use of electrolyte at temperature range of room temperature-to-200degreesC is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Separator member is formed from carbon hardened plate-shaped molding. The side(s) of plate-shaped molding has projections and recesses. The molding has plate thickness (D) of 1-5 mm, recess part depth (d) of 10-50 % of (D), specific resistance in thickness direction of 2 x 10 Power(-2) ohms.cm or less, air permeability of 10-5 cm3/cm2 minute or less, and bending strength at room temperature of 90 % or more.    USE - For solid high molecular fuel cells used for motor vehicle and small-sized electric power unit.    ADVANTAGE - The thin separator member has favorable material characteristics such as specific resistance, gas permeation amount and bending strength. Size reduction and high output of solid high molecular fuel cell, are attained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The separator has plate-shaped molding formed using 60-85 weight percent of carbon powder, and 15-40 weight % of thermosetting resin. The carbon powder has average particle diameter of 50 microns or less, maximum particle diameter of 300 microns or less, and the ratio of particles with 10 microns or less particle diameter, of 20 weight % or less.
NOVELTY - The fuel evaporator has an evaporation chamber (11) in which liquid fuel is evaporated by a high temperature heat carrier. A catalyst combustor (20) is arranged adjacent to the evaporation chamber.    USE - In fuel cell system of electricity generator.    ADVANTAGE - Evaporation is performed quickly by proper usage of calorie, due to compact arrangement of combustor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel evaporator.    Evaporation chamber (11)    Catalyst combustor (20)
NOVELTY - The outer layer of protection sheet (10) comprises single layer of polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin sheet. Solar battery element is sealed between surface support sheet and protection sheet.    USE - Solar battery module for solar battery, electroluminescence display and liquid crystal display device.    ADVANTAGE - As outer layer of protection sheet comprises single layer of polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin sheet, excellent weather resistance and damp-proofing are provided and hence insulation property of protection sheet is improved, as aluminum foil is not laminated, thereby reducing manufacturing cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic explanatory drawing of solar battery module.    protection sheet (10)
NOVELTY - The solar battery sealing material comprises (A) modified oligo amide; (B) modified polyamide oligomer and; (C) polypropylene modified denatured substance. The components (A,B,C) has melting point more than 80degreesC.    USE - For solar battery module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module has excellent transparency, heat resistance and adhesive property. The storage modulus of the solar element is maintained as per required. The light transmission of the solar battery module is 90% or more.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sealing material comprises unsaturated carboxylic acid content of 4 weight% (wt.%) or more. The unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives is ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with melting point 80degreesC or more selected from (A) the modified oligo amide obtained by melting of ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or its ionomer, a nylon salt, or the amino carboxylic acid; (B) the modified polyamide oligomer obtained by melt kneading of polyamide oligomer with primary amino group in an ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or its ionomer; (C) the polypropylene wax modified substance obtained by melt kneading of ethylene unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or its ionomer with number average molecular weight o 50000 or less, polypropylene wax with a number average molecular weight of 100000 or more ethylene, alpha-olefin copolymer radical generating agent or the cross-linking adjuvant. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module formed from solar battery element sealing material.
NOVELTY - The solid electrolyte fuel cell has solid electrolyte (31) containing zirconium oxide and fuel electrode (33) containing metal particles (45) on the air pole (32) surface. The metal particles existing at the edge of fuel electrode is embedded to more than 1/4 of the diameter into the solid electrolyte.    USE - As solid electrolyte type fuel cell for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since the metal particle is deeply embedded into the solid electrolyte, interfacial removal of fuel electrode and solid electrolyte is prevented. Degradation due to increase of polarization between fuel electrode and solid electrolyte is inhibited and a high output density is maintained for long period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of solid electrolyte type fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel electrode and solid electrolyte.    Solid electrolyte (31)    Air pole (32)    Fuel electrode (33)    Metal particles (45)
NOVELTY - A polymer solid electrolyte (I) composed of: (A) triazine moiety-containing polymer and (B) (in)organic acid and/or its salt(s) is claimed.    USE - (I) is useful as a part of electrochemical devices, e.g. primary cell, secondary battery, fuel cell, display device, ion-exchange membrane etc.    ADVANTAGE - (I) shows good ionic conductivity over wide temperature range, good fabricability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - (A) is triazine moiety-containing polymer having repeat unit of formula (1).    X = -NH-, -O-, -S-;    Z = -(CH2)nCH3, -CH3, -SO3H, -COOH, -(CH2)nCOOH, -(CH2)nSO3H, -H, groups of formulae (2)-(wherein n = integer 1-9);    Ar = groups of formula (3).    Y1 = single bond, -O-, -S-, -SO2-, -CO-, -CH2-, -C(CH3)2-, -C(CF3)2-, -P(=O)(CH3)-, -Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2-, -PBE-Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2-PBE-, -C(Ph)2-, -Si(Ph)2-O-Si(Ph)2-, -PBE-Si(Ph)2-Si(Ph)2-PBE- and a group of formula (4):    Ph = phenyl group;    PBE = para-phenylene group;
NOVELTY - The resin part of a compact containing a resin and expanded graphite powder is carbonized, to obtain the separator (1).    USE - For phosphoric acid type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Mass production of the separator is performed economically. Acid resistance, high temperature resistance and performance of the fuel cell are enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of the separator.    Separator (1)
NOVELTY - The die comprises a pinching upper die (8) and a lower supporting die (9). The die includes punches (14) and receiving holes (19) for the punches. The size reduction ratio of the punch with respect to the die is 30% or less.    USE - For plate used as separator electrode in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The design of punch and hole prevents crack formation on the material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fractured sectional view of the die. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Dies (8,9)    Punch (14)    Receiving hole (19)
NOVELTY - Processed goods, consists of foamed polyethylene, netted polypropylene molded product, fiber or plastic textile finished goods surface, added with zirconium, hafnium oxide powder, jasper stone powder, aluminum powder and other metal powders. The processed goods is printed, the print is covered by stone powder, and irradiated with ultrashort and short waves.    USE - As agricultural articles for raising seedling, fishing net in aquaculture, (claimed), solar battery float and illumination electrolysis purification, and pain reliever for relieving elderly people, travelers from foot and backpain in cold regions.    ADVANTAGE - The processed goods is lightweight, inexpensive, washable, disposable and has effective heat-insulating effect, analgesic effect, deodorant property. The processed goods cures fatigue and prevents dermatophytosis when used over shoe sole.
NOVELTY - A solar battery module has a sealing material (102) and surface member (103) laminated on light receiving surface of photovoltaic cell (101). The sealing material is a non-bridged resin whose needle insertion peak temperature under 10 gf load is 75-110degreesC.    USE - Building materials and solar power generation apparatus (both claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery module excels in productivity, creep resistance property and weather resistance property. The reliability and durability of the building material and solar power generation apparatus are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) building materials formed by laminating a plate on the reverse side of the solar battery module; and    (ii) electric power generation apparatus which has electric power converter connected to solar battery module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of solar battery module.    Photovoltaic cell (101)    Surface sealing material (102)    Surface member (103)
NOVELTY - A system providing at least 2 components (1,2) of a gas-producing system in a fuel cell installation, especially for multi-stage reformation processes, using an evaporated and/or superheated hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon/water mixture, comprises either (A) at least 2 heat-exchangers with the zones (3b,4b) for heat energy supply connected in tandem; or (B) one or more heat-exchangers connected to a valve distributor.    USE - For fuel cells used in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The system provides the dynamic reaction capabilities required in the operation of fuel cell installations in vehicles and is flexible in terms of providing the amounts of gas required at different operating temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A system providing at least 2 components (1,2) of a gas-producing system in a fuel cell installation, especially for multi-stage reformation processes, using an evaporated and/or superheated hydrocarbon or a hydrocarbon/water mixture, comprises at least 2 heat-exchangers (3,4), each having a zone (3a,4a) for the medium and a zone (3b,4b) for heat energy supply, the exchangers each being associated with one of the components (1,2) and the zones (3b,4b) for heat energy supply being connected in tandem.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a variant in which there is at least one heat-exchanger with a zone for the medium and a heat energy supply zone, there also being a valve device in which the evaporated and/or superheated hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon/water mixture is distributed via pipe or to at least one of the components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the system.    Components of gas-producing system (1,2)    Heat-exchangers (3,4)    Zones for the medium (3a,4a)    Heat energy supply zones (3b,4b)    Dosing device (5)    Pre-combustion device (10)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell comprises a cathode (electrode catalyst layer), an anode (electrode catalyst layer) and a gas diffusion layer provided at least on one of the cathode and anode between a current collector and the electrode catalyst layer and containing carbon a carbon the oil absorption of which is larger than that of a catalyst carrying carbon used in the electrode catalyst layers. As a result, the reduction of the cell voltage due to external factors is suppressed, even if the cell temperature is low (room temperature to 50 degrees C). The water absorption pressure of the water paths in the gas diffusion layer is higher than those of the electrode catalyst layers. The produced water and migrating water in the cathode is absorbed into the water paths in the gas diffusion layer and exhausted to the collector side. When the temperature of the cell is low, the evaporation rate of the water evaporating from the collector side lowers. However, the produced and migrating water in the cathode is physically absorbed because of the water absorption pressure of the gas diffusing layer and exhausted to the collector side, so that the reduction of the cell voltage is prevented.    USE - None given.
NOVELTY - A coating solution for forming a transparent, conductive tin oxide film by a coating method is prepared by a dissolving water-soluble polymer having a polar group (A) in an aqueous solution containing stannic acid as a main component, in the presence of ammonia and/or a water-soluble amine (C).    USE - The solution is used for preparing transparent, conductive tin oxide films (claimed) which are used for electromagnetic shields, infrared reflectors, solar cells, liquid crystal display element, plasma emission display element and electroluminescence element electrodes, refrigerated showcase components, anticlouding thermoelectric glass plates, fluorescent body charge preventer for low speed electron beams, fluorescent display tube rapid starting agent (tube inner surface coating), camera tube surface electrodes, fluorescent display tube surface electrodes, fluorescent body surface charge homogenizer for plasma emission display elements, and synthetic fiber charge preventers.    ADVANTAGE - The films can be formed on glass and ceramic substrates, are cheap, and have excellent conductivity and transparency, good adhesion, no pinholes or microcracking, good hardness, high refraction and high reflective properties.
NOVELTY - A treatment plant has a thermal decomposition furnace (3) to thermolyze waste material and a carbon monoxide (CO) transformer (21) through which gas containing CO is passed along with vapor (22) to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen. A fuel cell (26) is supplied with formed CO2 gas, and a boiler (31) vaporizes cooling water of a battery to form a vapor (22) that is supplied to the CO transformer, using exhaust fuel from the fuel cell as fuel.    USE - For waste treatment.    ADVANTAGE - Energy formed from the waste material is efficiently recovered and supplied to the fuel cell. The exhausted fuel from the fuel cell is supplied for vapor formation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Electrochemical energy and exhaust fuel from the fuel cell are ejected out of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a block diagram of the waste treatment composite plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Thermal decomposition furnace (3)    Carbon monoxide transformer (21)    Vapor (22)    Fuel cell (26)    Boiler (31)
NOVELTY - A supply device (38) supplies the hydrocarbon fuel for power generation. Oxidation and carbondioxide function are carried out by the respective catalysts in a field fuel. A hydrogen generator (10) which includes hydrogen permeation film generates hydrogen using which electricity is generated. A water vapor supply device supplies the water vapor from exhaust gas towards the hydrogen generator.    USE - Fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Since exhaust gas is diverted towards the hydrogen generator, the amount of catalyst required becomes less. The system becomes simple and starting and stopping becomes easy. The system is easily adaptable for load fluctuate.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Water vapor is recovered by a water vapor permeable film (34) from the exhaust gas of fuel cell. A combustor (14) burns the anode gas and the residual gas of fuel cell. A heat recovery heat exchanger (49), which recovers heat from the combustion waste gas, is provided in the downstream side of the combustor. A water cooling exchanger (48) which recovers exhaust heat of fuel cell, is provided with the bypass circuit. The internal pressure is set higher than the atmospheric pressure. An expansion turbine recovers power from the residual gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Hydrogen generator (10)    Controller (14)    Vapor permeable film (34)    Supply device (38)    Water cooling exchange (48)    Heat exchanger (49)
NOVELTY - The unit cell is pinched between plates having anode and cathode side channels formed of several ribs. Hot gas feed zone with holes (12a) for hot gas supply and water feed zone with holes (11a) for water supply, are provided in summit of ribs (401) of anode side channel. Water conveyor detours hole in hot gas feed zone and allows distributed water supply through hole in water feed zone.    USE - High molecular form solid fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - By providing water conveyor, hot gas supply hole is blocked for water and hence blocking of water in hole for gas supply is prevented and hot gas is supplied uniformly, thus reducing variation in cell performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of fuel cell.    Holes (11a,12a)    Rib (401)
NOVELTY - A diaphragm consists of cation exchange membrane which has a polyolefin type porous film base material filled with a cation exchange resin in the porosity part. The cation exchange membrane has permeability coefficient of hydrogen gas of less than 3.0x10-8 cm3 (STP) cm.cm-2.seconds-1.cm.Hg-1 at 50degreesC and electrical resistance of less than 0.20 OMEGA.cm2 in 1 mol/l sulfuric acid aqueous solution.    USE - For solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid high molecular fuel cell diaphragm has sufficient physical strength, low gas permeability and low electrical resistance.
NOVELTY - Phosphoric acid type fuel cell contains an electrode catalyst layer which is formed using catalyst particle and water repellent fluororesin particle. The fluororesin particle has an ultra-high molecular weight of 10000000 or more.    USE - As fuel cell for use in electrochemical reactions.    ADVANTAGE - Fluidization of fluororesin at the time of heat treatment of electrode is suppressed, hence destruction of fluororesin fiber is avoided. Electricity generation property is not reduced and life span characteristics are improved.
NOVELTY - An original fuel comprising alcohol or hydrocarbon is introduced to one edge portion of a modifier along the horizontal direction. The introduced fuel is modified to heating gas which is rich in hydrogen and is removed from the other edge portion. Baffle plates (6,7) are arranged alternately in lower and upper portions of a catalyst layer (3) of the modifier.    USE - For modifying original fuel such as methanol and natural gas.    ADVANTAGE - The internal temperature of the modifier is maintained and hence modification of heating gas is performed effectively. The fuel cell power generating device with a modifier prevents generation of short-circuit path of gas by subsidence of catalyst.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell power generating device having a modifier.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the horizontal type modifier.    Catalyst layer (3)    Lower baffle plate (6)    Upper baffle plate (7)
NOVELTY - A new stilbene derivative in which the molecular structures of triphenylamine groups positioned on both sides of the central benzene ring are mutually asymmetric.    USE - The stilbene derivatives are useful for charge transfer materials, solar batteries and electroluminescent devices. The electrophotographic receptors are useful for image formation devices for electrostatic copying machines, facsimiles and laser beam printers.    ADVANTAGE - The stilbene derivatives have excellent compatibility with binder resins, high charge transfer ability, high sensitivity and excellent stability. The electrophotographic photoreceptors have high sensitivity and improved repeating properties and thus can contribute higher speed and improved performance to various image formation devices.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) manufacturing methods for compounds (I) and    (2) electrophotographic photoreceptors containing at least one of the stilbene derivatives in the photosensitive layer.
NOVELTY - Steam reforming reactor comprises an alternating sequence of layers, each comprising a reforming zone (4) filled with an endothermic reforming catalyst, a heat-conducting partition (1) and a heating zone (2) containing an exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating (3), where the volume of the reforming zone is greater than that of the heating zone.    USE - The reactor is especially useful for converting hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives (e.g. methanol) to hydrogen for use in fuel cells, e.g. for motor vehicles    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the exothermic reaction catalyst in the form of a coating reduces the volume of the heating zone, thus providing a more compact reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the reactor.    Partition (1)    Heating zone (2)    Catalyst coating (3)    Reforming zone. (4)
NOVELTY - An apparatus for the selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in a water containing gaseous mixture has catalytic material containing carbon monoxide oxidation stage (3) with an inlet (6) for transporting the oxidized gas to the gas mixture.    USE - The apparatus is suitable for combustible elements.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In the carbon monoxide-oxidation stage (3) a catalyst containing flow body (10) is found.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates a preferred carbon monoxide-oxidation stage.    Carbon monoxide-oxidation stage (3)    Inlet for oxidized gas (6)    Catalyst flow body (10)
NOVELTY - A method of making an electrode of a direct methanol fuel cell is provided to improve a performance of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A method of making an electrode of a direct methanol fuel cell comprises coating a slurry on a carbon fabric and drying a result during one to twenty-four hours in a vacuum oven maintained at a temperature of 20 to 200 deg.C. The slurry is obtained by mixing an active carbon and a Nafion solution according to a weight rate of 1:1-50 and agitating a mixed result during 10 minutes to three hours. A catalyst is obtained by adding water to a catalyst of Pt-Ru/C of 5-60 wt% and adding and mixing isopropanol and Nafion solution to the added result. The catalyst is coated on a carbon fabric on which an active carbon is coated, and is dried in a vacuum oven.
NOVELTY - Polyelectrolyte type fuel cell has a pair of electrodes arranged on both sides of hydrogen ion conductivity polymeric electrolyte film through which fuel containing hydrogen is eliminated. A pair of electroconductive separator board having gas passageway (2) for eliminating oxidizing agent gas, is provided to other side of the cell. At least one side of separator or gas passageway has a movable structure.    USE - For electric power unit, portable electric power unit, electric vehicles, domestic co-generator system, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Has excellent reliability. Supply of gas by water jamming to a gas flow groove is prevented by stopping gas flow locally by changing to the movable structure. Hence degradation by electric power concentration in an electrode is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the structure of the electroconductive separator used by the fuel cell.    gas passageway (2)
NOVELTY - This fuel composition for a fuel battery contains fuel containing alcohol having carbon number being up to 3 and water, and an interface active agent.    USE - Useful in a power source for a small apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - A starting time of a fuel battery is shortened.
NOVELTY - A methanol reforming catalyst (I) comprises a metal oxide support impregnated with a palladium-zinc alloy.    USE - The catalyst is useful for the gas-phase reaction of methanol with steam and oxygen to produce a hydrogen-containing gas for use in a fuel cell, e.g. for use as an energy source in a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high activity and good stability in a hot oxidizing atmosphere, with low carbon monoxide production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) a methanol reforming catalyst (II) comprising at least one component selected from palladium-zinc-cerium-, palladium-zinc-zirconium- and palladium-zinc-cerium-zirconium-based compounds;    (ii) the production of (I) or (II) comprising impregnating a metal oxide with a palladium- and zinc-containing solution, or with a zinc-containing solution and then a palladium-containing solution, and calcining the product;    (iii) a methanol reforming reactor comprising a vessel that contains (I) or (II) and has a feed gas inlet and a product gas outlet;    (iv) a methanol reforming apparatus comprising methanol, oxygen and steam supplies and the reactor of (iii); and    (v) a fuel cell system comprising the methanol reforming apparatus of (iv), a fuel cell and pipework for introducing the reformed gas and an oxygen-containing gas into the fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and CO, involves mixing free oxygen with gaseous mixture to provide gaseous mixture (I) having oxygen to CO mole ratio of 0.5-8.0. The gaseous mixture (I) is contacted with an acid-treated catalyst comprising platinum and iron impregnated on support material at 0-300 degreesC to convert CO to CO2.    USE - For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The hydrogen is used as fuel for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Carbon monoxide is selectively oxidized to carbon dioxide in gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The method provides highly pure hydrogen stream.
NOVELTY - Two materials are bonded by melting a polycrystalline magnesium orthosilicate compound, and applying the melted compound between two materials. The two materials include metal and ceramic, two ceramic materials, or two metallic materials.    USE - The method is used for bonding two materials. The bond is suitable for high temperature applications, e.g. for gas turbines and diesel engines in heat exchangers, for fuel cells, and for friction materials in bearings, bushings, brakes, clutches and other energy absorbing devices. It can also be used in cutting tools and dies for metal fabrication, and in military and space applications, e.g. rocket nozzles, armor, missile bearings, gun barrel liners, and as thermal protection barriers in space vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method effectively bonds two similar or dissimilar materials. It employs polycrystalline magnesium orthosilicate compound, which is of lower cost and which provides bond/joint of excellent quality.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen separation composite comprises a palladium or palladium group alloy film (1) which has selective hydrogen permeability, formed on a porous silicon nitride (2).    USE - For fuel cells of motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen separation composite has excellent heat resistance, adhesion, hydrogen selectivity and high rate of hydrogen permeation. The generation of crack or pin hole in the composite, is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of hydrogen separation composite.    Palladium or palladium group alloy film (1)    Porous silicon nitride (2)
NOVELTY - Sealant (10) for solid electrolyte type electrochemical cell, contains a mixture of yttria stabilized zirconia, in the form of granules of 2 mum or less mean particle diameter and grains of 10-40 mum mean particle diameter, and magnesia powder of 10-50 mum mean particle diameter.    USE - As sealant for electrochemical cells such as solid electrolyte type fuel cell, water vapor electrolysis cell, oxygen generators, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Supply of air and removal of exhaust air from electrochemical cells by the sealant is effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) An electrochemical cell;    (b) Oxygen generator    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of solid electrolyte type fuel cell containing the sealant.    Sealant (10)
NOVELTY - A reformer comprises a modification catalyst layer (32) in which reformed gas is formed by reacting a reforming raw material. A part (23) of the reformer which heats heating gas, also heats raw material and catalyst layer. The reformed gas obtained by reacting raw material is supplied to a fuel cell. The outflow side of the catalyst layer has a carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (34a).    USE - For supplying reformed gas to fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell reformer reduces carbon monoxide contained in exhaust gas. The reformer is compact, lightweight and has good power performance. The responsiveness of the reformer for supplying reformed gas to the fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell reformer comprises a modification catalyst layer (32) in which a reformed gas is formed by reacting a reforming raw material. A heating gas which heats the catalyst layer (32), is circulated in the heating gas circulation layer (54). A part (23) of the reformer which heats heating gas, also heats the raw material and catalyst layer. The reformed gas obtained by reacting reforming raw material in the catalyst layer, is supplied to a fuel cell. The outflow side of the catalyst layer has a carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (34a).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of a fuel cell reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heating part of reformer (23)    Modification catalyst layer (32)    Carbon monoxide removal catalyst layer (34a)    Heating gas circulation layer (54)
NOVELTY - Manufacture of carbonaceous compound period graphite carbon composite molded product involves adding a dry mixture of fine particles to a solution containing additive(s) for binding particles of a compound having adhesion to a carbonaceous compound and graphite carbon to effect granulation. The granulated substance is dried and molded.    USE - Useful in the gas separator plate of a solid high molecule type fuel battery.    ADVANTAGE - Production of the separator of a solid high molecule type fuel battery is facilitated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fine particle composition is mixed in a dry state. The uniform mixture powder is added to a solution containing at least one kind of additive for binding together particles of a compound having adhesion to a carbonaceous compound and graphite carbon to effect granulation. The moisture content of the granulated substance is removed. A dried granulated substance with a grain size of 0.5 - 20 mm is molded by using a press molding apparatus. The molded product is heat-treated under non-oxidation atmosphere.
NOVELTY - Cylinder-shaped fuel stack (1) with fuel cells (10) is rotatable along its peripheral direction. Linear grooves (13a) on circumference of each plate (P1-P6) are wide opened externally for supplying air to positive electrodes. Vanes (T) are formed protruding near the linear grooves, to pass air into the groove.    USE - Electric power source system in motor vehicle, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Water produced in positive electrode of fuel cell is removed effectively. Required amount of hydrogen and oxygen gases are supplied efficiently to fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for usage method of fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire perspective diagram of fuel cell stack.    Cylindrical-shaped fuel stack (1)    Fuel cells (10)    Linear grooves (13a)    Plates (P1-P6)    Vanes (T)
NOVELTY - The sensors (6,41) respectively determine temperature of reformer and outlet of combustion exhaust gas in reformer burner. The difference in detected temperature is computed. The degradation diagnostic unit determines degradation in state of reformer by comparing detected temperature difference with predetermined collation data.    USE - Fuel cell power generating device with reformer degradation determining function.    ADVANTAGE - Since degradation state of reformer is diagnosed accurately, replacement time of catalyst is capable of being determined in simple and in inexpensive manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) recording medium that stores degradation diagnostic program; and    (b) reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of fuel cell power generating device.    Sensors (6,41)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus (1) has reformer (2) with downstream side which obtains hydrogen rich reformed gas by reforming hydrogen containing compound. Hydrogen separation apparatus (3) forming heating gas from reformed gas ejected from reformer, by separation of components except hydrogen by selective adsorption, is provided to upper stream side of fuel cell (4). Heating gas formed is supplied to fuel cell.    USE - fuel cell apparatus for supplying heating gas to fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Heating gas with very high hydrogen concentration is supplied to a fuel cell. Thereby electricity is efficiently generated. Since the components in the reformed gas is separated by adsorption, the fuel cell apparatus is inexpensive and simple. Since selective adsorption of components such as carbondioxide and carbon monoxide is performed efficiently, poisoning of catalyst of anode is prevented. Reduction in hydrogen concentration of the heating gas by circulation, is prevented. Since selective adsorption and separation of nitrogen are not required, it is not necessary to provide a separate apparatus for separating nitrogen in hydrogen separation apparatus. Since the hydrogen separation apparatus comprises adsorption tubes with high adsorption capability, adsorption and separation of reformed gas is carried out continuously. Thereby, heating gas with very high hydrogen concentration is continuously supplied to fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell apparatus (1)    Reformer (2)    Hydrogen separation apparatus (3)    Fuel cell (4)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises an electrolyte film and a fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode, arranged on both sides of the electrolyte film. A fuel container is provided, to maintain liquid fuel on the electrode surface. The fuel container has a separation membrane which ejects CO2 selectively, formed from the fuel electrode, from the liquid fuel.    USE - Portable fuel cell for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Liquid fuel leakage is prevented, by using separation membrane in fuel container and CO2 generated in fuel electrode can be ejected out of the container. Performance of fuel cell is improved and reduction of life span is prevented. The fuel cell can maintain high performance for a long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of fuel cell.
NOVELTY - Electricity generation films (10), having oxidizing electrode (12) and fuel electrode (13), and interconnectors (20) are laminated alternately. The oxidizing gas and heating gas supplied towards oxidizing electrode and fuel electrode are reacted to generate electricity. The length between supply port (33) and receptacle (34) is less than the length between supply port (31) and receptacle (32).    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - The size and cost of the fuel cell are reduced. The reduction in electricity generation capacity suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An oxidizing electrode, a solid electrolyte film (10) and a fuel electrode are sequentially arranged to form an electricity generation film (10). An oxidizing gas (1) is passed towards oxidizing gas receptacle (32) from supply ports (31) and a heating gas (2) is passed towards fuel gas receptacle (34) from supply ports (33).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the isometric view of fuel cell.    Oxidizing gas (1)    Heating gas (2)    Electricity generation film (10)    Solid electrolyte film (11)    Oxidizing electrode (12)    Fuel electrode (13)    Interconnector (20)    Supply ports (31,33)    Oxidizing gas receptacle (32)    Fuel gas receptacle (34)
NOVELTY - Solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell is a laminate, consisting of solid polymeric electrolyte film interposed between anode and cathode stuck with separators (47). Horizontal dimension (a) and longitudinal dimension (b) of separator satisfies preset relation.    USE - Solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell has long life, is reliable, inexpensive and light weight. The separator enables size reduction and improves productivity of solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell. The separator excels in thermal conductivity, electroconductivity, corrosion resistance, and has minimum casting defects.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Separator is obtained by die-casting using metallic mold (49) equipped with vertical molten metal supply port (48) for filling molten metal. The horizontal dimension (a) and longitudinal dimension (b) of the separator satisfies the relation a/b at least 1.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) manufacture of separator for solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell;    (b) defect testing method of separator;    (c) heat processing of separator;    (d) surface coating of separator; and    (e) testing of defects on coated surface of separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows    Separator (47)    Molten metal supply port (48)    Metallic mold (49)
NOVELTY - A novel coating composition (P1) contains a certain organosilane (A), a certain siloxane oligomer (B), and fine particle and/or sol (C) of metal oxide including titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, and tin oxide.    USE - (P1) is suitable for coating various articles and/or substrates, such as optical devices, protection panels for solar batteries, and automobile windows that require shielding of UV light and/or protection of their facilities from deterioration due to UV light, particularly for manufacture of (P2).    ADVANTAGE - (P1) is excellent in storage stability and forms even at low or ordinary temperatures cured coating films that have durable adhesion to various substrates, high refractive index, high surface hardness, excellent transparency, and excellent resistance to weathering and light, excellent UV absorption, and excellent insulating property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - More in detail, (A) has formula(1).    R1 = each independently, if plural, 1-15C univalent organic group;    R2 = each independently 1-5C alkyl, 1-6C acyl, or phenyl group;    n = integer of 0-2.    (B) contains SiO linkage and has a weight average molecular weight of 300-100,000. Also claimed is as an independent claim an article (P2) that has cured coating film formed from (P1) on the surface.
NOVELTY - The polyimide film is formed by reacting 4,4'-diamino diphenylether, para phenylene diamine, pyromellitic dianhydride and biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride in presence of aprotic solvent to form polyamic acid. The polyamic acid is subjected to dehydration to perform ring closure reaction and the acid is subjected to drawing to form gel film at 1.05-2.0 times along orthogonal direction.    USE - For solar battery substrate.    ADVANTAGE - The thermal expansion coefficient of solar battery substrate is minimized and substrate has high Young's modulus value. The substrate has good flexibility and breaking during the time of handling is prevented. The manufacture of solar battery substrate is economical and effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery substrate. The polyimide film is formed by reacting 4,4'-diamino diphenylether and para phenylene diamine in the molar ratio of 10/90-40/60 in presence of aprotic solvent to form polyamic acid. The pyromellitic dianhydride and biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is set to a molar ratio of 100/0-75/25 such that the diamine and acid anhydride component is 100/95-95/100. The polyamic acid is subjected to dehydration to perform ring closure reaction. The polyimide film is placed on a metal electrode and drawn to a film along the conveyance direction. Subsequently, the film is drawn to 1.05-2.0 times along orthogonal direction.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of oxygen ionic conductive solid electrolyte material which consists of zirconia (ZrO2) sintered compact, involves mixing stabilizer with ZrO2 powder, grinding, wet mixing to form slurry-like mixture (A), dry mixing the predetermined amount of the formed slurry-like mixture, stirring, calcining the dry mixed powder (B), molding and baking the calcined powder.    USE - For use as oxygen sensor element and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The oxygen ionic conductive solid electrolyte material having the stabilizer liquefied uniformly in zirconia, is provided. The zirconia and stabilizer does not influence a difference in specific gravity during manufacture of oxygen ionic conductive solid electrolyte material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model figure of outline of manufacture of oxygen ionic conductor solid electrolyte material. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Slurry-like mixture (A)    Dry mixed powder (B)
NOVELTY - A process for the preparation of graft copolymers comprises reacting a solution or solvent-swollen polymer containing at least 50% methylene groups in its backbone with an unsaturated fluoro compound of formula (I) in the presence of a source of free radicals using sufficient heat to initiate the reaction.    USE - The graft polymeric ionomers are useful for electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors and electrodes.    ADVANTAGE - The polymers are stable and, due to the lower content of fluorine than comparative polymers, are less expensive to produce.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The grafting compound for the polymer has the formula (I) (I) F2C=CFR1R2SO2X where    R1 = covalent bond or 1-20C perfluoroalkenyl radical, R2 = -O-(CF2CF(R3)-Om)n-CF2CF2-, m = 0,1, n = 0,1,2, R3 = F or -Y(M)(SO2R4)p, Y = C or N, M = alkali metal, R4 = 1-10C perfluoroalkyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more ether oxygens, p = 1 when Y = N and p = 2 when Y = C    . INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) A non-crosslinked polymer being the graft copolymer; and (2) An ionically conductive composition comprising the graft copolymer and an ionic carbonate.
NOVELTY - The shift reaction part is formed so that the shift reaction is performed while heat exchanging with raw material gas by introducing reformed gas from the reforming reaction part into the reformed gas passage directly.    USE - Used to produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells and hydrogen engines.    ADVANTAGE - The modifying reaction can be carried out over a wide temperature range from a high temperature condition where the rate of reaction is high to a low temperature condition where equilibrium is advantageous for the reaction.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Modifying device has a shift reaction part which modifies by an aqueous gas shift reaction of a hydrogen-rich reformed gas formed by a reaction including partial oxidation from a raw material gas including hydrocarbon gas, oxidizing gas and water vapor with a modifying catalyst in a reforming part where hydrogenation is not performed from the outer part.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the modifying device.    Modifying Device Housing (1)    Partition Wall (2)    Raw Material Gas Passage (3)    Raw Material Gas Inlet (4)    Reforming Reaction Part (6)    Inlet Part (6a)    Outlet Part (6b)    Heat Insulation Material (7)    Shift Reaction Part (10)    Reformed Gas Passage (11)    Catalyst Support (12)    Central Hole (13)    Heat Exchanger (15)    Heat Conduction Line (16)    Reformed Gas Outlet (18)    Heat Insulation Material (19)
NOVELTY - Electrode reactions are performed in catalyst regions provided in porous electrodes. The reaction products are continuously removed in circulating gas streams which provide new gas supply. The speed of electrolyte (24) circulation determines the build-up of the fuel (16) or reactant cross-over gradient in the cell. The removed methanol is reclaimed in a distillation loop.    USE - For generating electricity.    ADVANTAGE - Undesired flow of unreacted fuel from the anode to the cathode is prevented. The unreacted fuel is recycled back to the cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell system generates electricity electrochemically from liquid and gaseous fuels on the anodic side and, oxygen and air on the cathodic side. The electrode reactions are performed in catalyst regions provided in porous electrodes. The reaction products are continuously removed in circulating gas streams which provide new gas supply. The circulating electrolyte serves as a heat exchanger, and the speed of electrolyte circulation determines the build-up of the fuel or reactant cross-over gradient in the cell. The removed methanol is reclaimed in a distillation loop.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an expanded cross-sectional view of a direct methanol fuel cell.    Fuel (16)    Electrolyte (24)
NOVELTY - Solutions of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) is obtained by dissolving the nanotubes in a specific solvent.    USE - For determining functionalization chemistry of open ends, exterior walls or convex face and interior cavity or convex face of single walled carbon nanotubes. Also for processing nanotube based polymer, copolymer and composite products for application in various industries including aerospace, battery, fuel cell, health care and electromagnetic radiation shielding.    ADVANTAGE - Functionalization chemistry of SWNT can be determined through the study of ionic and covalent solution face chemistry with concomitant modulation of SWNT band structure. A novel and improved method for dissolving SWNT and semiconductors in common organic solvents is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solutions of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) is obtained by dissolving the nanotubes in a solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichlorocarbene, ether, tetrahydrofuran, trichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, diethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, carbon disulfide, tetrachlorocarbon, pyridine, quinoline, dichloroethane, diethyl ether, xylene, naphthalene or nitrobenzene.
NOVELTY - A steam generator (1) has U-shaped pipes (2) arranged in rows. A liquid supply pipe (4) with a nozzle and a steam emission pipe (5) are connected to the respective ends of the U-shaped pipe.    USE - In a fuel cell system for methanol modifier mounting motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The steam generator is compact in size. Steam generating capacity is increased. Heat conducting characteristic and durability are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A liquid supply pipe is coaxially provided inside an inlet pipe (6). An emission pipe (5) has a diameter more than the diameter of the U-shaped pipes. Parallel tubes (9) are fixed in a tube plate (8). The U-shaped pipes are inserted between the rows of juxtaposed parallel tubes. A thermal storage agent is filled between both the tanks (7). Liquid fuel is supplied to one end of the U-shaped pipe through a supply pipe. High temperature gas is passed through entrance pipes (10) connected to the tanks.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a cross-sectional view of the steam generator.    Steam generator (1)    Pipes (2)    Liquid supply pipe (4)    Steam emission pipe (5)    Inlet pipe (6)    Tanks (7)    Tube plate (8)    Tubes (9)    Entrance pipes (10)
NOVELTY - Dimethyl ether modification catalyst comprises copper and strong acid on which transition metal(s) except copper is supported.    USE - For generating hydrogen which is used in fuel cells for power generation (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of electricity generation by fuel cell is improved when dimethyl ether modification catalyst is used as a reformer. The catalyst modifies dimethyl ether and generates hydrogen of high concentration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the fuel cell apparatus which comprises dimethyl ether modification catalyst. The fuel cell (4) has a reformer (2) into which mixed gas is supplied as a heating gas and reformed in presence of dimethyl ether modification catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the entire block diagram of fuel cells apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Reformer (2)    Fuel cell (4)
NOVELTY - The modification catalyst for dimethyl ether comprises a solid acid carrying a transition metal (except copper), copper and/or copper compound.    USE - As raw material heating gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst enables formation of mixed gas containing high concentration of hydrogen content, thereby effectively generating electricity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell apparatus.
NOVELTY - A fuel gas production system comprises a chemical reaction device producing a gaseous mixture containing hydrogen from a raw material through chemical processes, a hydrogen separation mechanism separating hydrogen from the mixture, and a flow path feeding both the separated hydrogen and a residual gas after the separation to supply hydrogen to fuel cells.    USE - For fuel cells system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The invention enhances the separation and production efficiency of hydrogen in a hydrogen production system while reducing the size of the whole fuel gas production system, and raises the hydrogen partial pressure in a resulting fuel gas in a fuel gas production system, thus enabling efficient production of purge gas and regulating the flow rate of the purge gas to improve the driving efficiency and the response of fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for :    (A) a fuel cells system comprising the inventive fuel gas production system, and fuel cells receiving a supply of the fuel gas from the production system; and    (B) a method of producing a hydrogen-rich fuel gas from a raw material, comprising separating hydrogen produced in at least one chemical process, causing a residual gas to undergo a chemical process, and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cells.    (C) a method of warming up fuel cells by utilizing a supply of a fuel gas.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of the fuel cells system.
NOVELTY - Production of a low temperature ceramic material containing meso-, micro- and macropores comprises processing a sol of a mixture of aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide hydroxide, ceramic material and sodium aluminate to a homogeneous sol which forms a runner-like gel over time. The ceramic may contain pore channels with funnel-like geometry and taper to the workpiece outer surface. The final product is obtained by sintering and calcining. Sodium ions are removed by treating the gel with mineral acid.    USE - Used as a material for filters, catalysts, fuel cells and capillary tubes.    ADVANTAGE - The material has high mechanical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The material is surface treated by mechanical processing or coating.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell which generates electricity using reformed gas containing hydrogen. Hydrocarbon-type fuel is supplied to a fuel reformer (5) and reformed gas containing hydrogen is formed by oxidation, which is then passed through a carbon monoxide (CO) convertor (60). Heat recovery units (65) for exchange of heat between waste gas ejected from the fuel cell, and reformed gas from the CO convertor, is provided.    USE - For the generation of electricity using reformed gas containing hydrogen as a fuel source.    ADVANTAGE - Use of a heat tracing unit is prevented hence the apparatus is made compact. The heat from the CO convertor is recovered using a recovery unit hence effective use of energy is made possible. By controlling the reaction temperature of the CO convertor based on the rate of flow of waste gas, and by controlling the burning temperature of the combustor by fuel utilization factor of the fuel cell, temperature control is simplified. The heating gas of the fuel modifier is preheated by town gas hence preheating is controlled easily. By installing the heating unit during initiation of operation of the fuel cell, simplification of cell structure is enabled. The water supply unit and recuperator enable cooling of the reformed gas, reliably controlling the temperature of the reformed gas. By arranging the fuel modifier, combustor and recuperator integrally, size reduction of entire apparatus is attained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Film modifier (5)    Recuperator (6)    Converting units (7,8)    Combustor (19)    Heating unit (26)    CO convertor (60)    Heat recovery unit (65)    Water supply unit (90)
NOVELTY - A semiconductor (SC) substrate has a base material (12) comprising IV group single crystal SC, with a SC layer (16) comprising III-V group compounds formed by hetero epitaxial growth. The base (12) is an OFF board cut from IV group SC ingot, which has a surface (100) with predefined inclination, except in (010) direction. The layer (16) has a surface (100) with inclination in (011) direction.    USE - For solar batteries (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The semiconductor layer of the substrate has low surface defect density (claimed). The substrate has favorable surface morphology. Conversion efficiency of the solar battery is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Manufacture of semiconductor substrate in which the base material is heat treated, so as to clean the surface. Hetero epitaxial growth of III-V group compounds is performed by organometallic vapor phase growing, to form a semiconductor layer. Hydrogenated or halogenated gas of IV group element is introduced on the surface of the base. Then III group raw material gas is introduced, followed by V group raw material gas, so as to enable bonding of III group atom with the IV group layer followed by V group atom bonding; (ii) A solar battery which has a base layer with emitter layer; and (iii) Manufacture of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacture of the semiconductor substrate. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Base material (12)    Semiconductor layer (16)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen fuel system includes solenoid valves (4a,4b) to open-close the transportation routes (3a,3b) respectively depending on shock of the vehicle.    USE - For vehicle e.g. passenger car, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The system prevents the reaction of hydrogen during accident.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The raw material storage tank stores raw material for forming hydrogen. The modifier reforms raw material supplied through transportation routes (3a,3b) to buffer tank. The reformed hydrogen is supplied through transportation routes. Valve is individually provided to transportation route. The buffer tank supplies hydrogen to fuel cell through route (3b). The hydrogen not consumed is in the fuel cell is recirculated. The pressure control valve adjusts the pressure and check valve prevents reverse flow from fuel cell. The hydrogen recirculated is fed back to the upstream side of pressure control valve. The acceleration sensor is used as shock sensor for air bag system of vehicle. The shock sensor is also individually provided to tank and fuel cell. The hydrogen reactor uses hydrogen as fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of hydrogen fuel cell system for vehicle mounting. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Transportation route (3a,3b)    Solenoid valve (4a,4b)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen occlusion material is amorphous carbon containing carbon microcrystal layered structure. The specific surface area of amorphous carbon is 400 m2/g of less and ratio (H/C) of hydrogen atomic number and carbon atomic number is 0.05-0.45. Hydrogen is occluded between the carbon microcrystal interlayer or at microcrystal terminal.    USE - For occluding hydrogen and for use in fuel cell systems, such as vehicle mounted power source or electricity generator.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of occluded hydrogen/volume is increased compared to the conventional occlusion material. The occlusion material is safe to use and can be used in fuel sources of fuel cell systems, to extend the hydrogen generating duration.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen fuel manufacturing apparatus comprises inlet (32) for introducing mixture of water and hydrocarbon-type liquid fuel and housings (14,16,18) containing outlet (34) for fuel elimination. An arc reaction chamber (76) is connected to inlet and outlet. An arc is generated by electrical supply unit in arc reaction chamber. An injector (24) is provided to supply raw material mixture to electrode unit (B).    USE - For hydrogen-rich fuel manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen fuel is manufactured economically with mass production using inexpensive raw materials such as water (industrial, sea water, distilled, pure and drinking water), and liquid fuel.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen-rich fuel manufacturing apparatus consists of inlet for introducing raw material mixture of water and hydrocarbon-type liquid fuel and a housing provided with an outlet for hydrogen-rich fuel elimination. An electrode unit (A) is supported in housing units. An electrode unit (B) spaced axially from electrode unit (A) is supported by the housing units and an electrode holder. An arc reaction chamber (76) containing electrode units (A,B) is connected to raw material mixture inlet and outlet units. Electric supply units supply electric power to the electrodes resulting in generation of an arc in arc reaction chamber. Injector is provided in the apparatus to supply raw material mixture to electrode (B) housing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of hydrogen rich fuel manufacturing apparatus.    Electrode units (A,B)    Housings (14,16,18)    Injector (24)    Anode (26)    Cathode assembly (42)    Inlet (32)    Outlet (34)    Cooling route (38,40)    Steam generation unit (50)    Micro arc formation unit (76)    Arc reaction chamber (78)    Three-phase alternate current electric power (106)    Three-phase alternator (108)    Rapid cooling unit (110)    Inlets (I,II)
NOVELTY - The redox battery undergoes charging and discharging when redox reaction of positive and negative electrode liquids is performed. Concentration of vanadium and sulfuric acid ion in positive and negative electrode liquids are 0.5-8 mol/L and 0.3-9 mol/L respectively. Ammonium phosphate or mixture of ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid is contained in the positive and/or negative electrode liquids.    USE - As power storage unit.    ADVANTAGE - Stability of pentavalent vanadium in the electrolyte is improved. Precipitation of divalent, trivalent and tetravalent vanadium ions are inhibited.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The redox battery is equipped with positive electrode and liquid permeable porous carbon negative electrode separated by a diaphragm.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises fuel cell provided with several unit cells. The unit cell has electrolysis part (43) provided between negative plate (42) and anode (41). A plate for supplying hydrogen gas (44a,48a) to plate (42) and plate for supplying oxygen gas (44b,47b) to anode are arranged in the cell. Water supply source for holding water and moistening polymer film is arranged above fuel cell.    USE - Producing electrical energy in motor vehicles such as car.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer film is sufficiently moistened by the water supply source.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The negative plate is a solid polymer film. The plates are provided with grooves on one surface. The fuel cell dissociates hydrogen gas into hydrogen ion and an electron which react with oxygen gas to form water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Anode (41)    Negative plate (42)    Electrolysis part (43)    Groove supplying hydrogen gas (44a,48a)    Groove supplying oxygen gas (44b,47b)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a solid polymer electrolyte film (4) having an area larger than the electrodes (5,6), pinched between electrodes, and a support. Gaskets (7) are provided so that the solid polymer electrolyte film periphery (4a) protruding from electrode function is covered and fitted.    USE - Used as power source for motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Gas leak is minimized, deformation of electrode is prevented and cost reduction is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary section of fuel cell.    Electrolyte film (4)    Electrolyte film periphery (4a)    Electrodes (5,6)    Gasket (7)
NOVELTY - The modification catalyst for dimethyl ether comprises solid acid carrying transition metal (except copper), copper, and/or copper in ground form.    USE - As raw material heating gas for fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst enables formation of mixed gas containing high concentration of hydrogen content, thereby effectively generates electricity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel cell apparatus.
NOVELTY - A polymer electrolyte containing a block copolymer comprises at least one block having sulfonic acid groups, at least one block having essentially no sulfonic acid groups and at least one block having aromatic rings in the main chain.    USE - As a polymeric electrolyte, suitable for a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductivity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) A method for producing the polymer electrolyte by reacting a precursor of formula (I), (II) or (III) with a precursor of formula (IV) and sulfonating the copolymer; and    (2) A fuel cell obtained by using the polymer electrolyte.
NOVELTY - A polymer for macromolecular solid electrolyte comprises a structural unit of a 1-4C linear or branched alkylene oxide with a pendant side chain of a deprotonated acid residue and its N-containing cation terminated by a monoethylenically unsaturated compound. The unit has formula (I).    USE - As a macromolecular solid electrolyte for a fuel cell, secondary lithium cell. It can also be used for electrochemical devices such as a diaphragm for an ion electrode, a capacitor for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor and a sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte forms a molten salt at room temperature. It has excellent ion conductivity at low temperatures.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The structural unit for the polymer has the formula (I)    where less thanMARmore than R = 1-4C linear or branched alkylene group, X- = deprotonated acid residue, Y+ = cation of N-containing compound, Z = monoethylenically unsaturated compound, m = 2-20, n = 3-500, p = 0-2 less thanMARmore than. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) A polymer produced by polymerizing a monomer having an acid group to a compound of formula (II)    (II) R1O-(-R2O)n-R3    and allowing polymer to react with a cationic N-containing compound;    (2) A polymer produced by polymerizing the components in (1) in the presence of a monoethylenic monomer and allowing polymer to react with a cationic N-containing compound; and    (3) A macromolecular solid electrolyte with the polymer as an essential component.
NOVELTY - The load (10) across terminals of the fuel cell is decreased and the oxidant supply is increased. This also increases oxidant stoichiometry. The strategy avoids saturation of the fuel cell electrical output over the extended measuring range.    USE - The method extends the range of a solid polymer fuel cell sensor, especially when measuring methanol in aqueous solution. The sensor measures concentrations of 0-4 M in the recirculating fuel stream of direct methanol fuel cell stacks.    ADVANTAGE - On load decrease, current density in the cell increases. Anode reductant consumption is increased, resulting in diffusion limitation of species in the anode, avoiding saturation. Less of the species is available to cross over the electrolyte membrane to the cathode, reducing associated adverse effects.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a concentration sensor comprising a miniature solid polymer fuel cell.    Load (10)    Voltmeter (11)    Sensor (14)
NOVELTY - A crosslinked fluorocarbon polymeric composition having hydrophilic functional groups, is crosslinked with fluorinated crosslinking groups, or perfluorinated groups, or with fluorocarbon groups containing hydrophilic functional moieties.    USE - The fluorocarbon polymers are useful as fuel cell membranes having ionic properties with reduced undesirable mass transfer through the membrane while retaining desirable ionic transfer through the membrane.    ADVANTAGE - The fluorocarbon polymer has enhanced hydrophilic properties and is chemically stable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a crosslinking agent of formula (I):    P = fluorine containing linear, cyclic or branched polymer;    Y = the same and are terminal groups selected from sulfonyl containing groups, carbonyl containing groups, hydroxyl groups and amino groups
NOVELTY - A semiconductor (10) is sandwiched between a pair of buffer layers, which are formed on a polymer substrate (12). The substrate includes particulate filler for reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the polymer to less than 40 ppm/degrees C.    USE - In e.g. light detectors, light emitting diodes (LED), thin film transistors (TFT), CMOSs, SRAMs, photovoltaic cells or solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - Improves film integrity without cracks.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the electronic device.    Semiconductor (10)    Polymer substrate (12)
NOVELTY - An ionically conductive thermoreversible gel electrolyte comprises: (a) a blend of atactic or syndiotactic and isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate); (b) a complexing organic solvent; and (c) a salt soluble in the organic solvent.    USE - The electrolyte is used for electrochromic and electrochemical devices, e.g. fuel cells (claimed), lithium secondary batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochromic windows.    ADVANTAGE - The invention provides ionically conductive gel electrolytes that combine high ionic conductivities at ambient temperature with good mechanical properties and stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of making an ionically conductive thermoreversible gel electrolyte comprising forming a solution of a mixture of atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (a-PMMA) or syndiotactic PMMA, and isotactic PMMA (i-PMMA) in an organic solvent at 20 degreesC. A lithium salt is incorporated beforehand, simultaneously or afterwards. The solution is cooled.
NOVELTY - The electrode has carbonaceous component, resin chosen from group of cyano ester resin, polysulfone, phenol resin, bismaleimide and amino resins, polyimide and dopants. One of two dopants is chosen from group of copper, silver, titanium, selenium, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel, niobium and their oxides, and other from group of lead, tin and their oxides.    USE - Electrode for solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in adhesive property and outstanding in light and heat resistances. Has low contact resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the solar cell.
NOVELTY - The resin molding material consists of 5-15 weight% of finely ground material of glass fiber, 10-35 wt.% of thermosetting resin and 50-85 wt.% of graphite.    USE - For fuel cell separators (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The thermosetting resin molding material has excellent conductivity, moldability and mechanical strength. Manufacture of the molding material is performed easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the electroconductive compact obtained using the resin molding material. The thickness of the compact is 0.5-5 mm.
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer (60) consists of combustor (19) integrated with fuel modifier (5). Gas containing oxygen and water vapor, or hydrocarbon fuel is combusted in combustor and then directly passed to fuel modifier which generates hydrogen.    USE - For reforming hydrocarbon or methanol to generate hydrogen, used for fuel cells and hydrogen engines.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is simple, prevents formation of nitrogen oxide (NOx), and can be smoothly started. The reformer and combustor provided within single container enables to reduce heat loss, and the catalyst filled within combustor reduces reformer size.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of fuel reformer (Includes non-English language text).    Fuel modifier (5)    Combustor (19)    Container (25)    Electric heater (26)    Combustion catalyst (28)    Inner tube (29)    Fuel reformer (60)
NOVELTY - A reformer (10) has modification catalyst to accelerate modification of hydrocarbon (HC), catalyst part (16) with oxidation catalyst to accelerate oxidation of HC, supply unit to supply heated gas containing HC and oxygen to (16) through surface of oxidation catalyst and ejection unit to eject waste gas from (16). The supply unit has in-flow unit to enable flow of specific area of gas into (16).    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The release of unreacted hydrocarbon from reformer during warm-up is restrained, by shortening warming-up time of reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows structure of reformer.    Reformer (10)    Heating part (14)    Catalyst part (16)    Thermocouples (18a-18c)
NOVELTY - Catalyst system for methanol modification, comprises methanol vapor modification reaction catalyst arranged in the pre-stage to the flow-direction of fluid containing methanol, methanol vapor modification reaction and methanolysis reaction concurrent type catalyst arranged in the post-stage.    USE - As catalyst for methanol modification useful in fuel cell for liquid hydrogen production.    ADVANTAGE - The whole quantity of the methanol supplied into the system is transformed into synthetic gas such as hydrogen containing gas. The formation of carbon monoxide is minimized and amount of hydrogen is increased. The catalyst system provides high methanol conversion, reliably.
NOVELTY - A water splitting apparatus and a hydrogen storage apparatus are provided at the lower side of a solar battery panel. Water supplied from a water supply unit is electrolyzed at the water splitting apparatus using the power generated by the solar cell, to generate hydrogen. The generated hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage unit before supplying to a fuel cell at which power is generated. A secondary battery is charged with the energy of the solar cell and the power generated at the fuel cell.    USE - Hybrid electrical power generation device for electrical vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Enables producing power efficiently in non-polluting manner, using compact power generation device.
NOVELTY - The water splitting apparatus at lower panel of solar battery electrolyses the water supplied from storage container using electric power from solar battery. A hydrogen engine drives generator using hydrogen split from water to generate power. Using the electric power from generator and solar battery, secondary battery is charged.    USE - For hydrogen engine generator of motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - As electrical power from generator and solar battery is used to charge secondary battery, sufficient electric power is supplied without any pollution with high efficiency. As water splitting apparatus is placed at lower panel of solar battery, the whole hybrid electrical power generating device is made compact.
NOVELTY - An optical semiconductor electrode is obtained by adsorbing a solvent-soluble precursor for a slightly solvent-soluble pigment to the surface of a semiconductor, and reacting the precursor with at least one primary amine.    USE - The optical semiconductor electrode is used for opto-electric conversion    ADVANTAGE - The optical semiconductor electrode efficiently uses solar light and has superior opto-electric conversion efficiency, stability and durability.
NOVELTY - Hot gas containing vapors of liquid hydrocarbon and water are supplied to an upper catalyst layer (100) along with an oxidizing agent initially and reacted at normal temperature. Hot gas formed in the upper catalyst layer is supplied to a lower catalyst layer (110) and the temperature is increased. The supply of hot gas and oxidizing agent is stopped to the upper catalyst layer after a preset temperature and supply is carried out to a lower catalyst layer.    USE - For operating a fuel reformer used as fuel cell power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen-rich reformed gas is formed by water vapor modification and partial oxidation reaction in a short period of time with low CO concentration.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a fuel reformer comprising a container comprising the catalyst layers at the upstream and downstream sides. An inlet manifold is provided to the inlet part of the upper catalyst layer (100). Supply switching unit of hot gas and oxidizing agent are arranged. A temperature sensor is arranged at fixed position of the lower catalyst layer (110) and a control unit (32) which controls supply switching of hot gas and oxidizing agent, when the lower catalyst layer reaches preset temperature based on the output signal of the sensor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic structure of a fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Control unit (32)    Catalyst layers (100, 110)
NOVELTY - Raw material supply pipes for the continuous and unsteady supply of raw material are respectively connected opposing the reforming path which passes along a vaporization part (2), hot spot (3) and catalyst layer (4). At least one part of the path of the reforming unit is formed as a path for unsteady supply. The paths for continuous and unsteady supply are heated besides the time of usage.    USE - As electric power unit for driving electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - A sufficient quantity of hydrogen can be formed with favorable responsiveness depending on the amount of supply of raw material. Output responsiveness of the fuel cell is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell comprises a reforming unit (1A) which forms hydrogen from raw material and an electricity generation unit (1B) which reacts hydrogen with oxygen and converts to water and electricity. Raw material supply pipes for continuous and unsteady supply of raw material are respectively connected opposing to the reforming path along a vaporization part (2), a hot spot (3) and a catalyst layer (4). At least one part of the path of the reforming unit is formed as a path for unsteady supply. The paths for continuous and unsteady supply are heated besides the time of usage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Reformer (1A)    Vaporization part (2)    Hot spot (3)    Catalyst layer (4)    Raw material supply pipe for continuous supply (9a)    Raw material supply pipe for unsteady supply (9b)
NOVELTY - A bipolar plate comprises foil sheet(s) (31,33) made of electrically conductive material. The sheet has at least two separate flow fields forming two separate flow passages.    USE - For electrochemical cell such as fuel cell or electrolysis cell.    ADVANTAGE - The bipolar plate assembly having high structural integrity, is ductile, light weight, less costly and can be manufactured readily. By forming flow fields in singular metal foils, each flow field acts to maintain uniform compression against cell membrane and electrode surface, thereby maintaining uniform contact across all component faces even as cell components creep over time. The use of metallic foil sheets produce bipolar plate having better thermal conductivity than graphite and therefore better heat rejection or cooling of cell, less porous than graphite and therefore reduced losses due to diffusion, better electrical conductivity than graphite and improved structural integrity thereby enabling use of thinner plates having better electrical and heat conductivity and fewer losses. An inexpensive electrochemical cell is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an electrochemical cell stack comprising at least one membrane assembly having anode and cathode disposed on opposite sides of electrolyte membrane, and bipolar plate. One side of bipolar plate is disposed adjacent to anode of membrane assembly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded cross-sectional view of bipolar plate assembly.    Foil sheets (31,33)    Electrode supports (32)    Non-metallic gaskets (38)    Flow passages (41,43,45)
NOVELTY - Fuel oil for fuel cells is based on a desulfurized light naphtha in which the weight ratio of isoparaffins to normal paraffins is at least 1. Isomeric desulfurized naphtha light naphtha can be used.    USE - The fuel oil is for a fuel cell suitable for an automobile and a hybrid engine.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is produced with good efficiency, does not affect adversely a reformation catalyst or an electrode of a fuel cell and is reduced in deterioration of a reformation catalyst etc.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also claimed for:    (1) a fuel cell using the fuel oil as a fuel;    (2) manufacture of hydrogen from the fuel oil;    (3) a reformer for hydrogen production using the fuel oil;    (4) a fuel oil composition containing the light naphtha used in hybrid engines and fuel cells; and    (5) a driving system for vehicles where drive in the high load region is performed by a motor and drive in the low load region is performed in the internal combustion engine.
NOVELTY - Thin-film deposition apparatus comprises heat chamber connected directly or indirectly with the deposition chamber (1). The heat chamber has mechanism to heat the substrate (9) supplying gas of a temperature higher than room temperature by forced convection.    USE - For manufacture of liquid crystal displays or information storage disks other than solar cells. It is also used for manufacture of solar cells for power supply.    ADVANTAGE - The invention has higher energy efficiency and the running cost is cheaper because heating mechanism provided in heat chamber heats substrates not by radiation but by forced convection.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A thin-film deposition apparatus comprises a deposition chamber which is a vacuum chamber where thin-film deposition is carried out on a substrate at deposition temperature higher than room temperature; and heat chamber connected directly or indirectly with the deposition chamber. The heat chamber is one which heats the substrate under atmospheric pressure or pressure higher than this. It has mechanism to heat the substrate supplying gas of a temperature higher than room temperature by forced convection.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side schematic view of a thin-film deposition apparatus.    deposition chamber (1)    substrate (9)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has carbonate melt placed in can at temperature not lower than melting point, pair of electrodes (anode and cathode) each connected to facility supplying it with working gas, fuel (anode) and oxidizer (cathode), and surface joined with carbonate melt and provided with catalyst for chemical reaction of oxidation across anode and reduction across cathode.    USE - Conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Reduced cost of fuel cell and unit power generation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Each electrode shell filled with working gas is at least partially immersed in carbonate melt; it is made of metal wire or net, provision being made to hold working gas inside mentioned electrode shells and carbonate melt outside mentioned shells by means of capillary forces. Metal wire of electrode shell may be wound in the form of spiral with pitch forming maximum 200 microns gap between adjacent turns; metal gauze of electrode shell may be made with cell size of 1-200 microns.    Cathode may use lithiated nickel as catalyst and anode may contain nickel or its alloys used as catalyst. Oxygen may be used as oxidizing gas.    Fuel gas may be hydrogen, synthesis gas, methane or natural gas.    Mixture of lithium, potassium, and sodium carbonates is used as carbonate melt.
NOVELTY - The semiconductor substrate is activated by rotating magnetic field which is generated by magnetic field generator (40), after which resonance magnetic field is generated for increasing voltage generation capacity of solar battery (20).    USE - For increasing power generation efficiency of solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since resonance occurs between N and P type semiconductor portions of semiconductor substrate, high voltage is generated. Since semiconductor substrate is arranged at core center, heavy rotating magnetic field is generated, thereby high photovoltaic effect is obtained and hence generated voltage of battery is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Power generation enhancement apparatus;    (b) Battery    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the theoretical diagram of solar power generation enhancement apparatus.    Solar battery (20)    Magnetic field generator (40)
NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell consists of laminate (30) laminated through electroconductive separator, arranged between pair of end plates (31,32). A linear cord (39) is wound over end plates after arranging laminate, so as to fasten the laminate .    USE - In e.g portable electric power unit, electric vehicles, domestic co-generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Fastening mechanism with reduced size, weight and simple structure is materialized. Reduces unevenness within the battery surface, as linear cord tightens the laminated structure of battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell fastening method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic perspective diagram of polyelectrolyte-type fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Laminate (30)    End plates (31,32)    Linear cord (39)
NOVELTY - The method involves modifying the modifier fixed temperature which is set to preset value by controlling the flow rate of field heating gas, using modifier temperature measuring unit in modifier, based on the efficiency of modifier in fuel cell power generating device.    USE - For operating fuel cell power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The temperature control of the modifier, is efficiently performed. The electricity generation efficiency is improved. The heat absorption amount produced by modification reaction in modifier, is restrained to minimum value. The original fuel gas flow rate is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method involves passing field heating gas to modification catalyst layer, to form hydrogen rich reformed gas by water vapor modification reaction. The reformed gas from modifier (7), is supplied to fuel cell (10). The reformed gas is burned with air exhausted hydrogen ejected from fuel cell, by exhausted hydrogen combustor. The flow rate of field heating gas is controlled to a preset temperature value by modifier temperature measuring unit (20) in modifier. The modifier fixed temperature is modified based on the efficiency of modifier in fuel cell power generating device. The field heating gas contains mixture of vaporized liquid fuel of liquid hydrocarbon and water, such as town gas, natural gas, methane, methanol, ethanol and gasoline.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows operating method of fuel cell power generating device. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (7)    Fuel cell (10)    Modifier temperature measuring unit (20)
NOVELTY - A unit cell has a solid polymer electrolyte with fuel electrode and oxidating agent electrode on either sides. A separator (9a) is provided with reactive gas circulation line, in the cell. The cells are laminated perpendicularly to form a fuel cell, in which the oxidating agent electrodes contact. Manifold for oxidizing agent gas supply (34a) and emission (34b) are provided in the edge portion of the cell.    USE - For batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The battery has excellent cyclic characteristics and stability. Flooding of condensed water with high temperature is suppressed. Voltage reduction is reduced. Operation of the cell is continued without imparting damage, even when circulation path occlusion is generated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Several gas flow routes (36) are arranged between the manifolds (34a,34b) and several back folded portions are formed in the gas flow route, so that oxidizing gas flow is performed in the opposing direction.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the separator in contact with oxidating agent electrode of a unit cell.    Separator (9a)    Manifold for oxidizing agent gas supply (34a)    Manifold for oxidizing agent gas emission (34b)    Gas flow route (36)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a fuel electrode (FE) (33) containing metal particle or metallic oxide particle (41) and ceramic particle (43) provided on surface of a solid electrolyte (SE) (31). Several concave portions (45) are formed on FE side surface of SE. When particle (41) is adhered on surface of SE, the particle (43) is made to adhere on the inner surface of concave portion.    USE - For power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Since the ceramic particle of fuel electrode is adhered on the inner face of concave portion of solid electrolyte, the peeling of metal particle from surface of solid electrolyte is prevented. Therefore, the power generating performance of solid electrolyte type fuel cell is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel electrode of solid electrolyte type fuel cell.    Solid electrolyte (31)    Fuel electrode (33)    Metal particle (41)    Ceramic particle (43)    Concave portion (45)
NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte type fuel cell comprises laminate of electroconductive plates (I,II) in which plate (I) is air resistance. The electroconductive plate has a slit (70) in which a separator is provided in zig-zag direction from one edge portion (71) to another edge portion of laminate. The dimension of edge portion differs for every adjoining electroconductive plate.    USE - For portable electric power e.g. electric vehicles and domestic co-generator system.    ADVANTAGE - Assembling of the fuel cell is simplified, and sealing property of exterior manifold and one side of layer of the cell, is improved. Hence the sealing technique is used in formation of structure of fuel cell especially using solid high molecular electrolyte.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell comprises separator having heater for heating gas contained in one of the electrolyte, pair of electrode which has catalytic reaction layer provided on both sides of the electrolyte. The electrode supplies an oxidizing agent gas on another side of the electrode.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows perspective view of electroconductive plate.    Slit (70)    Edge portion (71)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell power generating device consists of a fuel cell main unit (1), water electrolyzer (4), hydrogen storage apparatus (5), which stores hydrogen formed from the electrolyzer, an exhaust heat supply installation (9). Exhaust heat produced by the fuel cell main unit during its operation, is supplied to the electrolyzer using exhaust heat supply installation.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Water electrolysis to produce hydrogen is performed in reduced electric power. Electric power generated in fuel cell is supplied to electric power system of load and business, thereby leveling the electric power load. The device has excellent system efficiency. Electric power required for electrolysis is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrogen formed during the electrolysis of warm water is stored in the hydrogen storage apparatus. The exhaust heat supply installation supplies exhaust heat to the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen. The fuel cell main unit is operated by supplying oxidizing agent gas and hydrogen to an oxidizing agent electrode and fuel electrode of the fuel cell main unit respectively, to generate electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell power generating device.    Fuel cell main unit (1)    Electrolyzer (4)    Hydrogen storage apparatus (5)    Exhaust heat supply insulation (9)
NOVELTY - An electrically conductive film laminated on a polymeric substrate, consists of indium (In), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O) as major components. The atomic concentration of each of Sn and Zn with respect to total atom concentration of In and Sn, and In and Zn is 0.01-0.1. The atomic concentration ratio of Zn with respect to total atomic concentration of Sn and Zn is less than 1 and more than 0.55.    USE - For display device and thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The transparent electroconductive laminate obtained at specific resistance and transmittance, has excellent alkali resistance. Since heat processing of the polymeric substrate is not necessary, the laminate is produced with excellent productivity.
NOVELTY - A hydrogen-rich reformed gas is formed in a modification catalyst layer, by the combined use of predefined reactions (I,II). The ratio of raw material heating gas which is modified by reaction (I), to raw material heating gas which is modified by reactions (I,II) is defined as the rate of partial oxidation which, when initiating fuel modifier, is higher than the rate of partial oxidation during regular operation.    USE - For initiating fuel modifier.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modifier can be initiated within a short time. The quick temperature rise of catalyst layer, at the time of initiation, is made possible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A raw material heating gas which vaporizes a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon and liquid water, such as methane, methanol, ethanol and gasoline, flows into a modification catalyst layer with an oxidizing agent gas. A hydrogen-rich reformed gas is formed by the combined use of a water vapor modification reaction and a partial oxidation modification reaction. The ratio of raw material heating gas which is modified by partial oxidation modification reaction to raw material heating gas which is modified by the above two modification reactions is defined as the rate of partial oxidation. The rate of partial oxidation at the time of initiating the fuel modifier, is higher than the rate of partial oxidation at the time of regular operation.
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer has a modification reaction unit (2) to modify fuel, an evaporation unit to evaporate water from the modified fuel, a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation unit (3) to oxidize CO contained in the modified gas to carbon dioxide and a heat supplying unit for the modification reaction unit and evaporation unit. The reformer has a catalyst for modification (57) arranged in the upstream side and an air-tight divided container.    USE - For reforming fuels such as natural gas or alcohols.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel modifier excels in safety, has improved temperature control in each separation unit and reduced number of components.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer has a modification reaction unit to modify fuel, an evaporation unit to evaporate water from the modified fuel, a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation unit to oxidize CO contained in the modified gas to carbon dioxide and a heat supplying unit for the modification reaction unit and evaporation unit. The reformer has a catalyst for modification arranged in the upstream of the reactor and a flat air-tight divided container. The catalyst for CO oxidation (60) is arranged in the downstream side along the flow direction of the modified fuel. The evaporation unit is arranged on the same flat surface of the container. Fuel (1) comprising alcohol, ether or hydrocarbon group fuel and fuel (2) containing hydrogen gas as main flammable component is modified by circulating burnt combustion gas. The combustion gas passes at least along one main surface of the air-tight container.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the air tight containers. (drawing includes non-English language text)    Air tight container (1,4)    Catalyst for combustion (16b)    Fuel supply port (20a,20b)    Plate fin type heat exchanger (37)    Heat insulating material (38)    Catalyst for modification (57)    Catalyst for carbon monoxide oxidation (60)
NOVELTY - A catalyst for combustion (30) is provided in an inner combustion chamber (6) and a modification catalyst (35) is provided in a modification portion (5), between the inner and outer combustion chambers (6,7). Modification raw material piping (21) and fuel piping (15) are arranged inside heat exchanger chambers (4,3). Hot reformed gas or hot combustion gas ejected from the modification portion is supplied to a heat exchanger.    USE - For manufacturing hydrogen used in the heating gas of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - As the modification raw material and the fuel is preheated, the modification reaction is advanced efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier has a vacuum vessel which receives the combustion gas heat exchange chamber. A carbon monoxide removal catalyst is provided inside the reformed gas heat exchange chamber. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide are formed as reformed gas using methanol and water as modification raw material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of the methanol modifier.    Heat exchange chambers (3,4)    Modification portion (5)    Combustion chambers (6,7)    Fuel piping (15)    Raw material piping (21)    Catalyst for combustion (30)    Modification catalyst (35)
NOVELTY - A fuel reformer (3) comprises catalyst layers (31,32) containing copper-zinc group catalysts and the catalyst layer (31) includes 0.02-5% noble metals. The catalyst layers are arranged in a container (33) to which methanol is introduced and heating is carried out. Fuel is reformed by water vapor modification reaction and a gas of high hydrogen concentration is obtained.    USE - For fuel cell power generator of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer is compact, inexpensive and enables the formation of reformed gas of appropriate composition with low CO concentration. Modification reaction advances quickly when the temperature of catalyst is low.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional view of a fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (3)    Catalyst layers (31,32)    Container (33)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen gas containing carbon monoxide (CO) is contacted with mixed gas containing oxygen in the presence of a CO selective oxidation catalyst which carries ruthenium (Ru) on a support containing cerium (Ce).    USE - For the selective removal of carbon monoxide from hydrogen gas obtained by modifying methanol supplied to the fuel electrode of a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Improvement in air pollution prevention effect is obtained. Selective oxidation of CO is carried out efficiently within a predetermined temperature range. Side reactions such as methanation are prevented.
NOVELTY - An anion exchanger polymer solution comprises fluorine containing anion exchanger polymer dissolved in a fluorine containing alcohol solvent. The fluorine containing anion exchanger polymer has perfluorocarbon polymer in the principal chain and quaternary nitrogen atom in side chain terminal.    USE - As electrolyte film for solid high molecular form fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The anion exchanger membranous substance with improved strength after cast film production, is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid high molecular type fuel cell having anion exchange film obtained using anionic exchanger polymer solution, or catalyst layer formed by coating a liquid containing catalyst and anion exchanger polymer solution.
NOVELTY - A fuel cell reformer comprises at least three reactors such as modifier (13), transformer(s) (14,15) and selective oxidator (16). The reactors are covered individually with a heat insulating material (9) and the unit as a whole is covered by a second heat insulating material (29).    USE - For use in fuel cells utilized as source of electric power in power plants, installed in hospitals, schools and buildings.    ADVANTAGE - The heat insulating materials effectively prevent heat loss from reactors. The space between the two insulating materials can be effectively used for installation of various apparatus such as waste heat recovery unit and for water storage tank. The exhaust heat between the insulating materials can be effectively recovered by a heat recovery exchanger.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the partial block diagram of a fuel reformer. (Drawing includes non-English language text)    Inner heat insulating material (9)    Modifier (13)    Transformers (14,15)    Selective oxidation unit (16)    Outer heat insulating material (29)
NOVELTY - Process gas is blown into molten silicon metal (S) contained in a treatment tank (2) and stirred.    USE - Used as solar battery material.    ADVANTAGE - High purity silicon is efficiently and economically obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is the perpendicular sectional drawing of the molten metal stirring and gas bubble release apparatus.    Treatment tank (2)    Perpendicular rotation axis (4)    Protrusion for stirring molten metal (10)    Molten silicon metal (S)
NOVELTY - A polyimide resin contains silica having a mean particle diameter of 0.1-1 micronmeter and containing 0.5 percent by weight or less of remaining carbon.    USE - The polyimide composition is used for the substrate for use in the solar battery. The substrate is also used for an optical sensor, a light switch.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the silica provides the surface of the coating with uniform fine irregularities, resulting in efficiently providing irregular reflection to incident solar light to contain the solar light in the surface of the substrate. The use of the resulting polyimide composition stably produces the substrate having a high opto-electric conversion efficiency.
NOVELTY - New production of meta type polyaniline involves polymerizing aniline in water or at least one organic solvent in the presence of at least one oxidizing agent at -20 - 50degreesC. The organic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N,N-dimethylformamide. The oxidizing agent is ammonium peroxodisulfate, iron (III) chloride, manganese dioxide or hydrogen peroxide.    USE - As solid polymer electrolyte material for fuel cells particularly for liquid supply type direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).    ADVANTAGE - The acid-doped meta type polyanilines are excellent in proton conductivity and methanol barrier property, very high in doped stability in aqueous solutions of methanol. The polyaniline has a flexible molecular structure compared with the para-type polyaniline.
NOVELTY - System for recovering thermal energy from a fuel processing system comprising a fuel processor and a fuel cell stack.    USE - For recovering thermal energy produced by the fuel processing system.    ADVANTAGE - The system increases the efficiency of the fuel processing system by recovering and utilizing thermal energy.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A system for recovering thermal energy from a fuel processing system, comprising:    (1) a fuel processing system including a fuel processor and a fuel cell stack. The fuel processor receives a feedstock and produces a product hydrogen stream. The fuel cell stack includes at least one fuel cell for receiving the product hydrogen stream and producing an electric current; and    (2) a thermal energy recovery system for recovering thermal energy from the fuel processing system. The recovery system selectively deliver heat exchange fluid into thermal communication with the fuel processing system to recover thermal energy from it and to deliver heat exchange fluid containing at least a portion of the recovered thermal energy to at least one of a thermal energy reservoir and a thermal energy consuming device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the fuel processing system for recovering thermal energy from an exhaust stream of a fuel processor.    Fuel processing system (10)    Fuel processor (12)    Fuel stack (14)    Heat reservoir (32)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises anode distribution plate at anode for distributing methanol over anodic membrane surface of fuel cell, and conductive sheet. The conductive sheet is provided between anode distribution plate and membrane surface forming mass transport barrier having specified ratio of methanol current density (Jlim,b) to design current (Jcell), of 1.1-1.3.    USE - For generating electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The reactants are uniformly distributed over the active surface of associated backing plate with small pressure drop across the flow channel device. Fuel efficiency of 90%, using properly chosen anode backing, is achieved in direct methanol fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell which uses methanol direct comprises methanol feed at anode and oxygen or air feed at cathode. The distribution plate is a corrugated plate having perforations (12). Methanol is distributed uniformly along vertical and lateral directions of anodic membrane surface. The fuel cell further comprises cathode distribution plate at cathode for distributing oxygen or air and for removing cathode reaction products vertically and laterally over cathodic membrane surface.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for utilization of methanol in direct methanol fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figures show fabrication of flow field plate.    Perforation (12)
NOVELTY - Coolant fluid stream is directed through a section of stack via coolant pathway (140). A part of fuel and oxidant stream supplied to coolant pathway is combusted, thus increasing the temperature of membrane electrode assembly including anode, cathode and ion exchange membrane. Temperature increases to minimum normal temperature of fuel cell.    USE - For increasing temperature of solid polymer fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Provides simple and efficient system that does not rely on external power sources as a part of fuel and oxidant streams are supplied to coolant pathway.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell includes fuel stream passage directing fuel stream to anode and oxidant stream passage directing an oxidant stream to cathode. Catalyst is consisted in the coolant pathway to facilitate combustion of fuel and oxidant in the passage of coolant pathway. Coolant pathway is fluidly isolated from membrane electrode assembly.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of temperature increasing method of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack.    Coolant pathway (140)
NOVELTY - A low-temperature fuel cell assembly has sweeping gas circuit for fuel gas. The sweeping gas circuit is connected to the inlet and outlet of the anode, and is provided with a sweeping gas discharge. A receiving section is connected to the sweeping gas circuit via a semi-permeable wall. Mechanism device is arranged in the sweeping gas circuit and comprises a chemical reactor.    USE - As low-temperature fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The invention removes small amount of sweeping gas during operation of the fuel cell, thus preventing accumulation of undesired gases. It does need separate supply of sweeping gas, thus it can be of simpler construction. The result of which is a decrease in operating cost, and increase in efficiency of the assembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A low-temperature fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel cell (1) with sweeping gas circuit (2) for fuel gas. The sweeping gas circuit is connected to the inlet (6) and outlet (7) of the anode. It is provided with a sweeping gas discharge. A receiving section (4) is provided for fuel that is connected to the sweeping gas circuit via a semi-permeable wall (5). Mechanism device is arranged in the sweeping gas circuit for producing sweeping gas. It comprises chemical reactor having an inlet for one component. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating a low-temperature fuel cell assembly by accommodating the anode and the mechanism for introducing a fuel gas; and introducing the fuel gas, which has been physically separated, to the sweeping gas circuit; and such that the sweeping gas is produced by a chemical reaction and is discharged during the operation of the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a block diagram of a low-temperature fuel cell assembly.    Fuel cell (1)    Sweeping gas circuit (2)    Receiving section (4)    Semi-permeable wall (5)    Inlet (6)    Outlet (7)    Burner (9)    Air feed (8)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen collection system comprises walls which define a hydrogen collection chamber. The walls are permeable to hydrogen gas and impermeable to gases reactive with hydrogen gas.    USE - The system is used for collecting hydrogen from an atmosphere, useful for fuel cells, heat sources, light sources, or turbines.    ADVANTAGE - The system allows the collected hydrogen to be utilized immediately.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A hydrogen collection system for collecting hydrogen from an atmosphere (14) comprises walls that define a hydrogen collection chamber (10). The walls (12) are permeable to hydrogen gas and impermeable to gases reactive with hydrogen gas. The walls are configured so that a pressure differential between the atmosphere and the hydrogen collection chamber causes the hydrogen gas to leave the atmosphere, travel through the walls by diffusion, and enter the hydrogen collection chamber.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of extracting hydrogen from an atmosphere comprising pumping hydrogen gas to a hydrogen collection system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic drawing of the hydrogen collecting system.    Hydrogen collection chamber (10)    Walls (12)    Atmosphere (14)    Pumping device (16)    Positive pressure (18)    Negative pressure (22)    Injection mechanism (24)
NOVELTY - A solar cell receiver plate is manufactured forming laminated first assembly on which a photoresist coating is applied. Strips are segmented and fastened to the substrate, and solar cells are mounted on the electrical circuit of each strip.    USE - For the manufacture of solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method reduces the manufacturing costs, and improves yields by reducing the physical size of the smallest measurable subassembly in the receiver assembly.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Manufacture of solar cell receiver plate of a concentrator photovoltaic array comprises taking a secondary aluminum substrate (42) having a top surface, a length X and a width Y. The top surface is sequentially covered with a first adhesive layer, a dielectric layer, a second adhesive layer, a copper sheet, forming a laminated first assembly on which a photoresist coating is applied. Strips, each having its own linear electrical circuit, are formed on the first assembly by chemically etching away all the unwanted copper. The strips have a length equal to X and a width Y/n (n is greater than 6). The strips are segmented from the laminated first assembly. Two or more strips are fastened to the top surface of a primary aluminum substrate to form the receiver plate. Solar cells (48) are mounted on the electrical circuit of each strip. The electrical circuits and the solar cells are electrically connected.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a front perspective view of the solar cell receiver plate.    Substrate (42)    Cooling fins (45)    Solar cells (48)
NOVELTY - A solar battery module is new.    USE - As Solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery effectively prevents light pollution caused by light reflection at a light incident side and exhibits good external appearance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Solar battery module has: (a) a transparent insulating substrate having a first and a second principal plane; (b) a transparent electrode layer, an opto-electric conversion layer consisting of a semiconductor, and a bottom surface electrode layer successively laid up on the first principal plane; and (c) a glare-proof layer provided on the second principal plane to form a given pattern.
NOVELTY - A photoelectric transducer has a photosensitive layer comprising semiconductor fine particles sensitized with a squarylium cyanine dye.    USE - For dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new dye provides dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical solar cells with higher sunlight to electricity conversion efficiency of around 3 %.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A photoelectric transducer has a photosensitive layer comprising semiconductor fine particles sensitized with a squarylium cyanine dye of formula (I).    R11- R16 = H, alkyl or aryl;    A11, A12 = substituted group;    EDG = electron donating group;    n11 = 1-4;    n12 = 0-3;    n13 = 0-4.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for:    (1) the squarylium cyanine dye (I); and    (2) a photoelectrochemical cell comprises the photo-electric transducer.
NOVELTY - Adsorption element (1) is a cylindrical container which is divided into 5-100 chambers using partition plates (2) along flow direction of gas. Each chamber is filled with an absorbent (3) containing zeolite or silica gel. The cylindrical container is rotatable on its axis.    USE - For air filter, air-conditioner, oxygen enriching apparatus, carbon dioxide removal apparatus and fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - High performance adsorption element having high absorption capability, is provided. The water vapor, organic substance, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, organic silicon and nitrogen present in the gas are effectively adsorbed and desorbed using the adsorption element. The electricity generation efficiency of fuel cell system is increased by mounting the adsorption element in fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Air filter containing adsorption element; (ii) Air-conditioner containing air filter; (iii) oxygen enriching apparatus containing adsorption element; (iv) Carbon dioxide removal apparatus containing adsorption element; (v) Fuel cell system containing adsorption element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of adsorption element provided with the partition plate.    Adsorption element (1)    Partition plate (2)    Absorbent (3)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell separator has channel(s), on one or both sides for supply and discharge of gas, and is formed from thermosetting resin and graphite particles with defined flexural modulus and flexural strength.    USE - Used for high performance fuel cell, especially automobile fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell separator has channel(s), on one or both sides for supply and discharge of gas, and is formed from thermosetting resin and graphite particles with flexural modulus (M1 GPa) and flexural strength (M2 MPa) defined by equations (I) and (II).    900 at most m1 x m2 at most 2000 (I)    2 at most M2/M1 at most 10 (II)    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a fuel cell system of solid polymer type employing the fuel cell separators.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Perspective view of fuel cell.    Flat separators (1)    Separator ribs (1a)    Solid polymer (2)    Gas diffusion electrodes of carbon paper (3)    Gas channels (4)
NOVELTY - Electrocatalyst layer and/or precious metal concentration are asymmetric. Distribution of the electrocatalyst layer and/or the precious metal concentration is matched with requirements of the respective membrane region.    USE - A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, suitable for electric vehicles. A polymer electrode membrane (PEM) especially, is employed.    ADVANTAGE - In an earlier membrane electrode assembly, in each electrode a major portion of the catalyst is not used for electrochemical reaction. For electric vehicles especially, costs must be minimized. The thickness of the electrocatalyst layer is variable in the new method. At the active cell surface which contacts fresh, hot reagent gas, lower catalyst powder and/or precious metal concentrations are required. In regions of lower flow, higher concentrations are required. The result is more uniform distribution of reaction rate over all regions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the corresponding method of manufacture. A rolling and/or spraying process applies the membrane to the electrode (rather than vice versa).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - A cross section is shown, taken through the upper half of a membrane electrode unit with coating of electrocatalyst powder.    core of MEA (1)    carbon grains (2)    catalyst particles (3)    tri-phase boundary (5)
NOVELTY - Diode structure has a p-conducting layer consisting of a chalcopyrite compound and an n-conducting layer made of a compound containing titanium and oxygen bordering the p-conducting layer.    USE - Used in thin film solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The structure has high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a section through the diode structure. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - A catalyst material is a product obtained by mixing and heat treating at least two different transition-metal-containing nitrogen chelates, each containing one transition metal which are different from each other. The transition metal is transition metal other than platinum or palladium.    USE - For catalytic oxidation reduction reactions, particularly to methanol tolerant electro-catalysts useful as cathode material for electro-reduction of oxygen in direct methanol fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst improve fuel cell performance when methanol crossover from anode to cathode occurs, and is not poisoned by the presence of methanol at cathode. The utilization of oxygen at the cathode of direct methanol fuel cells is improved. The catalyst includes double or multiple catalytically active sites. The catalysts are very effective at catalyzing 4-electron oxygen reduction of water, and are completely inactive towards oxidation of methanol.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of the above catalyst material.
NOVELTY - Polyimide resin solution (9a) and polyimide resin solution (9b) which contains dispersed insulating microparticles are simultaneously supplied to a bilayered die (1). The resin solutions (9a,9b) are discharged from the opening of bilayered die and is made to contact a smooth support (2) such that the resin solution with insulating microparticle contacts the support. A bilayered film formed on the support is peeled from the support and dried.    USE - For solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The bilayered polyimide film substrate is light weight and has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent flexibility, insulation and heat resistance. The polyimide bilayered film substrate has uniform surface with fine unevenness and is inexpensively and continuously manufactured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory flow diagram of manufacture of bilayered film.    Bilayered die (1)    Support (2)    Polyimide resin solution (9a,9b)
NOVELTY - Connection holes (38a,38b) for passing reactive ga are provided to the peripheral edges of separator (14). Gas passageways (42,44) for supplying reactive gas to anode lateral electrode and cathode lateral electrode are meandered horizontally along zigzag direction on the surface of separator. Porous water absorption tube (86) for ejecting water are connected to connection holes.    USE - Vehicle mounted fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Water introduced into connection holes are ejected smoothly and reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell stack.    Separator (14)    Connection holes (38a,38b)    Gas passageways (42,44)    Porous water absorption tube (86)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen separation membrane (20) separates hydrogen from the reformed gas including mixture of air and fuel discharged by a modifier (10). Hydrogen refined from hydrogen separation membrane, is supplied to a fuel battery (30) through hydrogen supply line (24). When the fuel battery system is stopped, the fuel supply to the modifier is stopped and switching valve (54) is closed so that the air is introduced into reformed gas side (21) through the air supply line (16) and hydrogen is removed by the permeation side (22) of the separation membrane.    USE - Fuel battery system using hydrogen separation membrane for electricity generation.    ADVANTAGE - Inhibits the occurrence of pressure differential between the two poles of the fuel battery which causes the degradation of battery, by usage of reliable hydrogen separation membrane.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Air is supplied to the modifier through air supply line (16) and oxygen is supplied to the fuel battery through oxygen supply line (18). A combustor (40) is connected to the hydrogen separation membrane and fuel battery through respective exhaust lines (26,32). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for control method of fuel battery system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel battery system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (10)    Air supply line (16)    Oxygen supply line (18)    Hydrogen separation membrane (20)    Gas side (21)    Permeation side (22)    Hydrogen supply line (24)    Exhaust line (26,32)    Fuel battery (30)    Combustor (40)    Switching valve (54)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell (200) generates electrical energy, by reacting air and gas containing hydrogen supplied by a production device (100). A pump (410) circulates fluid in fuel cell. A combustion type heater (440) heats methanol stored in a fuel tank (300) and fluid in fuel cell.    USE - For motor vehicles, portable electric power generator.    ADVANTAGE - Enables obtaining fuel cell suitable for the motor vehicle.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Production device (100)    Fuel cell (200)    Fuel tank (300)    Pump (410)    Combustion type heater (440)
NOVELTY - The solid electrolyte film contains silicon, sodium, barium, aluminum, neodymium, cerium, praseodymium, titanium, samarium and/or iron.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Conductivity of the electrolyte film is excellent. Manufacturing apparatus of the electrolyte film is economical. Large dimension product can be obtained easily. A homogeneous, thin and precise electrolyte film is obtained. Mass production of the electrolyte film is possible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Air pole containing an air pole material which is formed from LaMnO system, LaCoO system or lanthanum substituted by strontium or calcium. The air pole contains silicon, sodium, barium, aluminum, neodymium, cerium, praseodymium, titanium, samarium and/or iron; (ii) Fuel electrode containing NiO/YSZ group fuel electrode material which contains silicon, sodium, barium, aluminum, neodymium, cerium, praseodymium, titanium, samarium and/or iron; and (iii) Manufacture of the solid electrolyte film which involves baking a solid electrolyte on an air pole or fuel electrode.
NOVELTY - An electrode layer comprises a solid electrolyte layer (13), air electrode (11) and fuel electrode (15). The electrodes (11,15) are separated by an interconnector layer (17).    USE - Solid electrolyte type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Contact resistance due to curvature of cell is reduced, thus stress due to shrinkage during cell production and due to thermal expansion is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of solid electrolyte type fuel cell.    Air electrode (11)    Solid electrolyte layer (13)    Fuel electrode (15)    Interconnector layer (17)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises anode and cathode side separators (16,17) respectively equipped with gas flow path (8) for oxidizing agent gas (OG) and heating gas (HG) and a membrane electrode contact piece (14) pinched to support. Cooling water flow path (10) is formed on back side of (16 or 17), so that temperature of center section is high compared with outlet and inlet of (OG) or (HG).    USE - As fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Rapid reduction in voltage with increase in current density is restrained. The cell has high current density characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The membrane electrode contact piece has a solid polyelectrolyte film (12) and diffused layer (15) arranged on either sides of an electrode (13) containing a catalyst layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows disassembling isometric view showing basic composition of solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Gas flow path (8)    Cooling water flow path (10)    Solid polymer electrolyte film (12)    Electrode (13)    Membrane electrode contact piece (14)    Diffused layer (15)    Anode side separator (16)    Cathode side separator (17)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has reactive gas supply system (RGS) supplies reactive gas to fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode of membrane electrode composite, humidifiers (37a, 37b), inert gas supply unit (40) switchably connected to RGS, and controller (41) controlling operation of (37a,37b) and (40). Separator of unit battery circulates gas containing water or water vapor before generating electricity by (41).    USE - For electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - The pressure loss in the separator is equalized. The shut down of the system, is prevented. Equalization of supply of reactive gas, is enabled. Stable electricity generation is performed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell is equipped with membrane electrode composite comprising solid polymer electrolyte film, fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode, pinched to support, and fuel cell stack (18) comprising laminate of unit battery consisting of separator which supplies reactive gas to fuel electrode and oxidizing agent electrode, in electric series. The humidifier supplies saturated steam to oxidizing agent gas supply pipe and heating gas supply pipe. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operating method of solid high molecular form fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of solid high molecular form fuel cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Solid high molecular form fuel cell stack (18)    Humidifiers (37a, 37b)    Inert gas supply unit (40)    Controller (41)
NOVELTY - Mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is circulated through a device (50) with selective oxidation catalyst layer. The gas is passed through a tube (521) further divided into an inner cylinder pipe. Comparatively high temperature gas is supplied through a piping (55) to path (501), while a low temperature gas is passed through a pipe (56) to circulation paths (502), to enable heat exchange.    USE - For fuel cell electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Selective oxidation and removal of carbon monoxide are effectively performed. Temperature control is easily performed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the prototype of carbon monoxide removal apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Catalyst device (50)    Pipings (55,56)    Circulation paths (501,502)    Tube (521)
NOVELTY - An electrolytic composition contains at least one compound.    USE - The electrolytic composition is used for the opto-electric conversion element for use in the photoelectro-chemical battery useful as a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolytic composition has superior durability and charge transportation. The opto-electric conversion element has superior opto-electric conversion and a less deterioration in aged characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrolytic composition contains at least one compound of formula (Y-A) or formula (Y-B).    Zy1-(Ly-Qy1)n X1 (Y-A)    (Zy1-Ly)n-Qy1 nX1 (Y-B)    Zy1 = organic cation residue;    Ly = single bond, or divalent linkage group;    Qy1 = cyclic substituent formed of atomic group containing -CH2CH2O-;    n = integer of 1-4;    X1 = anion;    when n = 2 or greater, Zy1, Ly, Qy1 = may be different;    may form polymer through Zy1 or Qy1.
NOVELTY - A multi-stage unit for selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in a stream of hydrogen (H2)-rich gas mixture, in which each stage has CO oxidation zone(s), can be cooled and can be supplied with oxidant on the inlet side, has not less than 3 cooled CO oxidation stages. The first two have a common cooling cycle; and the third has an independent cooler and is a combination reactor, in which the cooler is used for reforming a H2-rich medium.    USE - The unit is especially useful for removing CO from H2-rich reformate from a mobile gas generator in fuel cell-operated vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The unit allows optimum utilization of the thermal energy in the system, e.g. in the vaporizer and/or reformer, and is suitable for dynamic installation. The individual stages are very compact and hence can be installed cost-effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a preferred 4-stage gas purification system.    First stage (1)    Second stage (2)    Third stage (3)    Fourth stage (4)    CO oxidation units (1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1)    Coolers (1.2, 2.2, 3.2)    Oxidant dosing units (1.3, 2.3, 3.3, 4.3)    Heat exchanger (5)    Pipe feeding reformate from reformer (6)    Common cooling cycle for stages 1 and 2 (12, 2.2, 13, 1.2, 14)
NOVELTY - Solid ceramic thin films are fabricated by spray-coating a porous or a dense supporting substrate with a suspension comprising 0.01-5 vol.% of at least one oxide powder; and sintering the coated supporting substrate at an elevated temperature.    USE - For fabrication of solid ceramic thin films that are useful in, e.g. fuel cells, gas permeation membrane reactors, sensors, ultra-filtration, or gas separation.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive method is economic, scaleable, and reliable.
NOVELTY - The fluorescent acryl board (1) is provided on transparent glass substrate (3) which is opposing to CdS and CdTe films (4,5). The board is fixed to the substrate via optical adhesive agent (2) by irradiating light of wavelength greater than or equal to 510 nm.    USE - Cadmium alloy solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The fluorescent acryl board is bonded inexpensively and reliably to glass substrate by simple procedure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of cadmium alloy solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fluorescent acryl board (1)    Optical adhesive agent (2)    Transparent glass substrate (3)    CdS and CdTe films (4,5)
NOVELTY - An oxide protection film (2) is provided on main surface of soda lime made glass substrate (1) so that hardness of the protection film is higher than that of the glass substrate. A transparent electroconductive oxide electrode layer (3), a photoelectric conversion layer (4) and a back side metal electrode layer (5) are laminated sequentially at reverse surface of substrate.    USE - In thin film type solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents damage to substrate due to sand containing rigid particle. Prevents soiling of the substrate. Prevents destruction of the substrate due to thermal stress generated with respect to increase in temperature due to solar heat.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The protection film (2) consists of an element selected from the group containing SnO, TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery module.    Glass substrate (1)    Oxide protection film (2)    Electroconductive oxide electrode layer (3)    Photoelectric conversion layer (4)    Metal electrode layer (5)
NOVELTY - A compound semiconductor layer which contains nitride group of one or more elements such as aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) and nitrogen element, is formed on substrate via window layer.    USE - Semiconductor device for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - An efficient semiconductor device with longer durability is attained with reduced cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of manufacturing apparatus of semiconductor device for solar battery.
NOVELTY - Refractive index value of range 2.40-2.90 corresponding to wavelength of light irradiated on window layer is measured. Quality of window layer is evaluated from measured refractive index value corresponding to irradiation wavelength of 1000 nm.    USE - For compound semiconductor solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Since quality of window layer is evaluated exactly, high performance and high quality compound semiconductor solar battery is manufactured cheaply with increase in yield.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the spectrum diagram of refractive index corresponding to wavelength change of window layer. (Drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Fuel cell is equipped with a cell consisting of electrolyte film formation member and a separator (20) equipped with corrugated portion for forming gas passageway (29). Supporting member is arranged on the portion of the separator containing inlet vent of the gas passageway. Amount or shape of liquid adhesive used for attaching the supporting member on the separator with other separator is set up to prevent the entry of adhesive in the gas passageway.    USE - Fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Secures gas seal property and prevents the entry of liquid adhesive in the gas passageway.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an explanatory drawing of the separator.    Separator (20)    Gas passageway (29)
NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte type fuel cell has air pole (6) and fuel electrode, arranged on both sides of polymeric electrolyte film (1). A pair of support board (4) which forms a gas passage groove, is provided across fuel electrode and air pole. A flow path for water removal is arranged, to a portion of fuel electrode air pole or separator board.    USE - For electricity generations.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell avoids the occlusion in the gas passageway effectively. The amount of electricity generations per volume of a fuel cell is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - At least one side of an air pole or fuel electrode has a gaseous diffusion layer (3) joined to separator board and a catalyst layer (2), is joined to a polymeric electrolyte film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-section of the cathode of fuel cell.    Polymeric electrolyte film (1)    Catalyst layer (2)    Gaseous diffusion layer (3)    Support board (4)    Air pole (6)
NOVELTY - The slurry (24) is obtained by mixing and dispersing catalyst and hydrophobic particle in dispersing medium contained in electrolyte matrix (25). The suction filtration of the slurry is performed from the reverse side of the matrix so that catalyst and hydrophobic particle remain on the matrix to form catalyst layer. The matrix is washed using pure water and baked to form electrode catalyst layer.    USE - For manufacturing electrode catalyst layer used for phosphoric acid type fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode catalyst layer generates electricity stably for a longer duration.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic structure of manufacturing method of electrode catalyst layer.    Slurry (24)    Electrolyte matrix (25)
NOVELTY - The battery separator comprises a non-woven fabric containing split-type composite fiber of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer having melt index of 0.5-8 g/10 minutes having ethylene content of 20-70 mol% and polypropylene type polymer.    USE - For secondary batteries, such as lead battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen battery, nickel-iron battery, nickel-zinc battery or silver oxide-zinc battery.    ADVANTAGE - The separator prevents generation of short circuit between the cathode and anode sections. The separator enables high electrolyte absorption, thereby generating high electromotive reaction. The separator is highly durable, neither causes contraction nor deterioration of electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. The separator enables the battery with high durability during oxidation-reduction reaction accompanied with charge and discharge cycle.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for battery separator manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - Collars (3,2) are formed integrally, respectively on internal circumferential surface and on external circumferential surface of a circular ring whose diameter is 1 mm or less. The circular ring resembles an O-ring.    USE - For fitting bipolar plates of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in fitting and handling characteristics because of the provision of the collars which serve as gripping portion for the gasket. Enables tightening the gasket with small strength.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of gasket.    Collars (2,3)
NOVELTY - An absorber (1) comprising molten carbonate is provided between an oxidizing zone and reducing zone containing hydrogen gas. The absorber adds an oxygen-containing gas to the objective gas containing nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide depending on the need.    USE - For removing nitrogen oxide and sulfur compounds from exhaust gas, and for operation as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Nitrogen oxide is transformed into a harmless substance. Desulfurization and denitrification are performed simultaneously.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the gas treatment equipment.    Absorber (1)
NOVELTY - N-type guide layer (5), clad layer (4), P-type guide layer (8) and clad layer (9) are formed on either sides of activated layer (6). The aluminum composition in AlaGa(1-a)N clad layer where a is 0 to 1 decreases as it nears the activated layer. The indium composition is IndGa(1-d)N, where d is 0 to 1, guide layer increases when nearing the activated layer. The activated layer has quantum well structure of InbGa(1-b)N, where b is 0 to 1. The indium composition in guide layer is less than that of activated layer.    USE - For LED, LD, SLD, solar battery, photosensor, transistor and power device.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces distortion. Laser element obtains laser beam of long wavelength.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the laser element.    Clad layers (4,9)    N-type guide layer (5)    Activated layer (6)    P-type guide layer (8)
NOVELTY - Process for the production of a motor fuel comprising a petrol of determined octane index involves pre-heating a charge comprising a petrol obtained by a direct distillation; catalytic reforming to increase the octane index; separation of the hydrogen produced by the reforming process;and storage of the high octane petrol and/or hydrogen.    USE - The system can be used to fuel an internal combustion engine using a mixture of high octane fuel and hydrogen, or in mixed fuel vehicles fitted with a combustion engine and electric motor, the electricity for the latter being obtained from a hydrogen fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The use of hydrogen mixed with other hydrocarbons results in a fuel with improved combustion properties and a reduction in the emission of unburnt hydrocarbons and absence of CO2 emissions. The use of a primary petrol from direct distillation, or a Fischer-Tropsch petrol, results in a low benzene content. The hydrogen may be the source for other electricity generators, such as fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an installation for conducting the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates a regenerative version of the system in which the reforming catalyst is continuously regenerated.    storage of H2 for possible alternative uses; (4)    H2 purifier; (11)    H2 distributor; (12)    reactor unit; (19)    reaction sector; (20)    regenerative sectors; (21, 22, 23)    axis of rotation; (24)    injection of vaporized charge; (25)    outlet for effluent; (26)    inlet and outlet for exhaust gases from the engine for thermal exchange; (27, 28)    injection of pre-dried air; (29)    entry for purified H2 via recycling line 17; (32)    I.C. engine. (33)
NOVELTY - A solar photo-cell has the configuration of a symmetrical sandwich comprising components of photo-anode and photo-cathode substrate, etched with canals containing conductors.    USE - In the production of solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The cell has a symmetrical configuration of a sandwich, comprising layers of sodium-calcium glass (6,6'), components of photo-anode and photo-cathode substrate, etched with canals, having surface cover of tin oxide (SnO2) doped with fluorine (3), with the interior canals containing conductors (2,2') covered with a layer of titanium oxide (TiO2) pulverized with platinum (4), on contact with electrolyte (5) consisting of iodine solution in adequate solvent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.    Solar cell (1)    Conductors (2,2')    Surface cover of tin oxide (3)    Layer of titania pulverized with platinum (4)    Electrolyte (5)    Sodium-calcium glass layers. (6,6')
NOVELTY - Container (G) for receiving a carbon- and hydrogen-containing fluid (B) comprises an inlet (E) and an outlet (A) for the fluid with an admission device (D) for cleaning the fluid arranged between the inlet and the outlet.    USE - For supplying a fuel cell system with an operating agent in a tank of a vehicle, for purifying methanol and for purifying dimethylether (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Impurities can be easily removed from the fluid.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The admission device has zones (1-5) having regions of different permeability for components of the fluid. At least one zone is an adsorber and one is a particle filter.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the container.    zones (1-5)    outlet (A)    fluid (B)    admission device (D)    inlet (E)    container (G)
NOVELTY - Flow of hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and oxygen-containing gas feed mixture is contacted with catalyst. Conversion product comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is formed and catalyst is retained in a fixed arrangement in the reactor. The reactor comprises feed supply chamber in fluid communication with upstream surface of the arrangement. Portion of conversion product flows back to feed supply chamber.    USE - For generation of electrical energy in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Back-flow of conversion product is facilitated by reducing length in the direction of flow path and increasing the void fraction. The method enriches the synthesis gas in hydrogen and remove the carbon monoxide.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A flow of feed mixture comprising hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and oxygen-containing gas is contacted with a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII metal supported on a carrier. A conversion product comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is formed and the catalyst is retained in a fixed arrangement in the reactor. The reactor comprises a feed supply chamber in fluid communication with the upstream surface of the fixed arrangement of catalyst. A portion of the conversion product formed flows back to the feed supply chamber.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) Generation of electrical energy which comprises preparation of a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and converting at least portion of the hydrogen prepared into electrical energy and water using a fuel cell;    (2) Electrical-energy generating system which generates energy during normal operation; and    (3) Transport unit provided with electrical-energy generating system.
NOVELTY - Substrate-supported electrode-electrolyte unit comprises a porous electrode (6) applied to a substrate (5) and a solid electrolyte layer (7) applied to the electrode. A voltage equalizing layer (8) permeable to a liquid fuel or oxidant is applied on the side of the substrate facing away from the electrolyte layer. The voltage equalizing layer and the electrolyte layer have the same thermal expansion and shrinking behavior in the temperature region necessary for the manufacture and operation of the electrode-electrolyte unit.    USE - Used in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Structure changes do not occur with changes in temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The voltage equalizing layer forms a closed network structure having holes (9). The voltage equalizing layer is made of the same material as the solid electrolyte layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of an electrode-electrolyte unit in a fuel cell stack.    substrate (5)    porous electrode (6)    solid electrolyte layer (7)    solid electrolyte layer (8)
NOVELTY - A metallurgical grade silicon is purified by adding a calcium-containing compound to provide 0.3-0.95 wt.% of calcium in the molten silicon. The weight ratio of aluminum and iron is also regulated to 0.5-2 by adding aluminum to the melt.    USE - For purifying metallurgical grade silicon used in solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The method produces high purity silicon at improved yield. The control of reactions that take place in two leaching steps is improved, thus reducing explosion possibility.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Purification of metallurgical grade silicon involves adding a calcium containing compound to molten silicon prior to or after the silicon is tapped from the furnace; casting and solidifying the silicon at high cooling rate; and crushing the solidified silicon and then purifying it.    The purification process involves two leaching steps comprising:    (i) treatment with aqueous solution of iron(III) chloride or (FeCl3) and hydrochloric acid that causes disintegration of the silicon; and    (ii) treatment with an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride or HF/nitric acid. The calcium-containing compound is added to provide 0.3-0.95 wt.% calcium in the molten silicon. The weight ratio of aluminum and iron in the molten silicon is regulated at 0.5-2.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen storage composite molding contains a hydrogen storage material and a silicon resin.    USE - The molding can be used in hydrogen supply sources of fuel cells and in hydrogen vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The composite molding is free from pulverizing or collapse even after carrying out absorption and release repeatedly for a long period of time, and has good heat resistance, formability and processability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of a hydrogen storage composite molding by press molding the hydrogen storage material, impregnating into silicon resin solution or dispersion and curing.
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has an electrolyte-electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of porous electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte membrane, a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies fuel gas to one of the porous electrodes, and a separator plate having a gas flow path which supplies oxidizing gas to the other electrode.    USE - None given..    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has improved quality and reduced cost. The problem of the gas seal is solved easily and simply and safely.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The assembly has a gas seal part which comprises a component where the polymer electrolyte membrane jutting out from the edge part of the porous electrode is coated and a component which is inserted in the inner part of the edge part of the porous electrode.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly with a gas seal part.    Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (11)    Porous Electrode (12)    Component interposed in Electrode (13)    Gas Seal Part (14)    Thin Component (15)    Gas Member (16)
NOVELTY - A molecular electronic device comprises: a substrate having a surface, which is chemically modified by a sulfur-organic compound; and several photosystem (I) reaction centers (A) immobilized on the substrate. (A) (preferably at least 60%) is oriented on the substrate surface in a preselected orientation.    USE - As spatial imaging device, solar battery, optical computing and logic gate, optoelectronic switch, photonic A/D converter and their film flexible photovoltaic structure useful in the construction of biomolecular electronic devices to convert light energy into chemical energy.    ADVANTAGE - The method orients and selectively immobilizes photosystem I reaction centers onto a substrate without denaturation of the centers in a preselected direction. Thus the method controls the orientation of the two-dimensional spatial arrays of isolated reaction centers on derivatized surface.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for making the device involving: chemically modifying the substrate surface, by immersing the substrate in a solution of the sulfur-organic compound such that the surface is capable of immobilizing (A) in the preselected orientation; and applying a solution of (A) to the chemically-modified substrate to orient (A) in the preselected orientation.
NOVELTY - Lean exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbon (HC) and oxygen is introduced into gas chamber which has selective reduction catalyst, yttria-stabilized zirconia, as solid electrolyte. Active oxygen formed on operating pole surface by supplying a voltage between electrodes on either sides of solid electrolyte, oxidizes HC and nitrogen monoxide to form nitrogen dioxide, which is reduced to nitrogen.    USE - For reducing nitrogen oxides present in lean exhaust gas ejected from internal combustion engines and firing furnaces.    ADVANTAGE - The method enhances reduction of NOx, by forming active oxygen which is immediately used up for oxidation of hydrocarbons. The electro-chemical production of active oxygen is promoted.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A lean combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxide (NOx), HC and oxygen is introduced into a gas chamber. The gas chamber has NOx selective reduction catalyst, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), provided between positive and negative poles. By supplying voltage between operating pole and counter electrode, active oxygen is formed on the operating pole surface. The active oxygen performs partial oxidation of HC to carbohydrate-intermediate and oxidation of nitrogen monoxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is reduced to nitrogen by the intermediate.
NOVELTY - Electromotive unit (4) comprises an electrolyte board (1) with fuel electrode (2) and oxidation agent electrode (3), on either sides. An oxidizing agent gas flow route (6) is provided on surface of electrode. A manifold with a pressure reducer, connects the edge of route.    USE - For portable device like notebook type personal computers.    ADVANTAGE - Oxygen supply is efficiently performed and a stable high output is obtained. Small size fuel cells are efficiently obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional view of a unit battery.    electrolyte board (1)    fuel electrode (2)    oxidation agent electrode (3)    electromotive unit (4)    oxidizing agent gas flow route (6)
NOVELTY - Anode liquid and cathode liquid are poured inside anode chamber and cathode chamber separated by diaphragm. Electrolyte of anode and cathode is aqueous vanadium solution having a concentration of 0.5-8 mols/L. Air interruption unit is made to contact the cathode liquid and anode liquid.    USE - Redox flow battery for electric power storage.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents the oxidation of bivalent vanadium electrolyte for cathode and enables charging and discharging operation repeatedly for long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the graph showing change of charging quantity when repeating charging and discharging operation. (The drawing includes non-English language text).
NOVELTY - Vaporizer vaporizes a liquefied gas stored in a high pressure insulation container (2). An external combustion engine (13) converts the dilation of vaporized liquefied gas into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is used as an input of a generator (15). A fuel cell (19) uses the liquefied gas ejected from the engine and vaporizer as a fuel with oxygen of air.    USE - For generation of electricity using liquefied gas e.g. liquefied hydrogen as fuel.    ADVANTAGE - Expansion strength produced from liquefied gases like liquid hydrogen can be converted into a turning effort by an external combustion engine with an efficiency equivalent to an internal combustion engine. The turning effort can be used for driving a generator which generates electricity and a high rate of electricity generation can be materialized. The carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas can be classified and removed at a low cost.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the diagram showing a liquefied gas fuel utilization type power plant for electricity generation using liquid hydrogen as fuel.    heat insulation container (2)    external combustion engine (13)    generator (15)    fuel cell (19)
NOVELTY - Thermal sensors (T1,T2) are respectively arranged to catalyst layers (41,42) of reforming unit at several positions. The difference of temperature change of each position is detected as inclination of fuel cell based on which amount of supply of raw material is changed.    USE - Operation of fuel cell used as electric power unit for drive of electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction of reaction efficiency and reaction selectivity occurring in reforming unit and degradation of catalyst are prevented. Temperature indifference in specific areas of catalyst layer is restrained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell comprises reforming unit which forms hydrogen from supplied raw material and electricity generation unit which enables the reaction of formed hydrogen with oxygen to form water and electricity. Thermal sensors (T1,T2) are respectively arranged to catalyst layers (41,42) of reforming unit at several positions. The difference of temperature change of each position is detected as inclination of fuel cell, based on which amount of supply of raw material is changed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows explanatory drawing showing the distribution state of thermal sensor in the reformer.    Catalyst layers (41,42)    Thermal sensors (T1,T2)
NOVELTY - The gas inlet pipe (27) made of metal, is inserted into the gas guide pipe (23) made of ceramic. The end of inlet pipe in contact with the guide pipe, has a tapered aperture along axial direction.    USE - For fuel cell, to connect gas pipe lines.    ADVANTAGE - Gas leakage from the junction is prevented due to the thermal expansion of gas inlet guide pipe, as taper is provided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the expanded sectional views of pipe connection structure of fuel cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    gas guide pipe (23)    gas inlet pipe (27)
NOVELTY - The high temperature fuel cell installation (10) carries out electrochemical oxidation of fuel and converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The installation has an air compressor (13) which presses and supplies reaction gas for oxidation and a cooling system (15) for cooling the gas supplied into compressor.    USE - As power generating device such as solid polymer type fuel cell, solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell and molten carbonate type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Power consumed by the compressor for pressing the reaction gas to preset pressure is less. Discharge temperature of the reaction gas supplied from compressor is less. Electricity generating efficiency of the fuel cell can be increased using the cold heat from liquefied natural gas. The cold heat from liquefied natural gas is recovered as power and can be used for driving turbines.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the process flow figure of the rough structure of a high temperature fuel cell installation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    High temperature fuel cell installation (10)    Air compressor (13)    Air cooler (15)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (10) comprises fuel cell (20) which generates electricity using pure hydrogen gas generated from hydrogen releasing alloy system (30). A recycling unit recycles the pure hydrogen gas which remains unreacted during the cell reaction in fuel cell, as heating gas to hydrogen release alloy.    USE - For use as power source in vehicles and as small electricity generating device in industry.    ADVANTAGE - By recycling the unreacted gas as heating gas to the hydrogen releasing alloy, effective usage of fuel energy is achieved and electricity generating efficiency is improved. Occlusion and flooding of gas passage way of cell is prevented. Hence running of cell stably is enabled and stable output can be obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel cell system.(Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell system (10)    Hydrogen releasing alloy system (30)
NOVELTY - Liquid fuel is supplied to a single cell containing support electrolyte film, fuel electrode and oxidizing electrode. The oxidizing agent is supplied parallel to the fuel flow path and oxidizing electrode. The fuel cell is a laminate of separator board (2) and oxidizing agent. The laminate are arranged parallel to form a groove such that width of ridge (44) between groove and fuel flow path (43) is large.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The effective operation of vehicle is achieved while using the fuel cell. The fuel cell with high voltage and high output characteristics is achieved. The slipping of gas from the fuel cell is prevented.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of flow path surface of separator in fuel cell (Drawing includes non English text).    Separator board (2)    Fuel flow path (43)    Ridge (44)
NOVELTY - The polyelectrolyte type fuel cell has a polyelectrolyte layer arranged between a fuel electrode and an air pole. The polyelectrolyte layer is mixed with particulates of spacer membrane having insulation property.    USE - For motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has excellent strength, thin and uniform electrolyte layer, provides improved energy efficiency and current density to the battery, prevents short circuit as well as gas leakage, and is safe. The spacer member performs humidification control of electrolyte layer.
NOVELTY - Separation boards are arranged on both sides of a partition plate (13). One separation board has a gas ventilation hole, to pass the heating gas. The mechanical strength of the separation board with gas ventilation hole (21A) is made larger than or equal to the mechanical strength of the other separation board.    USE - Laminated fuel cell e.g. carbonate battery.    ADVANTAGE - Damage of electrolyte board is prevented. Reliability and durability of laminated fuel cell are improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the principal part sectional drawing of battery which composes laminated fuel cell.    Partition plate (13)    Gas ventilation hole (21A)
NOVELTY - The separator for fuel cells, comprises a hydrophilic non-woven fabric (4) on one surface of reactive gas circulation side surface of compact (A). The other surface of fabric is integrated with the compact. The compact contains expanded graphite and binding material.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has excellent electroconductivity, strength, air resistance, moldability, inexpensive property, swelling resistance, heat resistance and hydrophilicity which is maintained stably for long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the expanded sectional view of separator for fuel cells.    Hydrophilic non-woven fabric (4)    Compact (A)
NOVELTY - The alloy for hydrogen permeation films comprises 3-15 a t % of samarium, cerium and ytterbium, and remaining quantity of palladium.    USE - For hydrogen permeation films used for purification and isolation of hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The hydrogen permeation film obtained by using the alloy allows permeation of hydrogen gas at high rate. Thereby, hydrogen gas at high temperature and operability, for hydrogen fuel cell can be obtained.
NOVELTY - Substrate-supported electrode-electrolyte unit comprises a porous electrode (6) applied to a substrate (5) and a solid electrolyte layer (7) applied to the electrode. A voltage equalizing layer (8) permeable to a liquid fuel or oxidant is applied on the side of the substrate facing away from the electrolyte layer. The voltage equalizing layer and the electrolyte layer have the same thermal expansion and shrinking behavior in the temperature region necessary for the manufacture and operation of the electrode-electrolyte unit.    USE - Used in a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Structure changes do not occur with changes in temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The voltage equalizing layer forms a closed network structure having holes (9). The voltage equalizing layer is made of the same material as the solid electrolyte layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section of an electrode-electrolyte unit in a fuel cell stack.    substrate (5)    porous electrode (6)    solid electrolyte layer (7)    solid electrolyte layer (8)
NOVELTY - Fullerenes are produced by feeding a non-reactive gas and a feed source material into a first stage to form a gaseous mixture, feeding the gaseous mixture into a second stage having a metal-based material so that the gaseous mixture interacts with the metal-base material to form a gaseous product having fullerenes, and recovering the gas-phase fullerenes to form solid-phase fullerenes.    USE - For producing fullerenes for direct use or as a raw material for applications comprising electronics, organic syntheses, pharmacology, artificial diamonds synthesis, lubricant materials, polymers, and electricity storage cells.    ADVANTAGE - The method allows large-scale production of fullerenes in a simple, reliable, and inexpensive way.
NOVELTY - Dye sensitizing solar cell (1) comprises a substrate (2) with conductive surface; a second transparent substrate (3) on which a conductive layer (4) is formed; a semiconductor layer with dye adsorbed on it; a glass frit (7) to seal peripheral edges of the substrates; and a redox electrolyte filled between first and second substrates.    USE - For solar cell applications.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has excellent durability and safety.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The two substrates (2,3) are spaced by a specific distance with the conductive surfaces of the two substrates opposite each other. The semiconductor layer is formed on one of the conductive surfaces. AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: the manufacture of a dye sensitive solar cell (1), which includes: sealing peripheral edges of the two substrates with the glass frit, to form a closed space between the substrates; forming openings for communicating the closed space and the outside in at least two positions; and circulating a dye solution within the closed space through the openings, so the dye is adsorbed on the semiconductor layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view taken along a line of the solar cell.    solar cell (1)    substrates (2,3)    conductive layer (4)    glass frit (7)
NOVELTY - A crystal sheet is produced by bringing a main surface of a cooled plate into contact with a melt, and moving the main surface of the plate away from the melt, to solidify and grow a crystal sheet on the main surface, and removing the crystal sheet from the plate after guiding the plate out from a heating chamber.    USE - Production of a silicon substrate for a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The crystal sheet is free from warpage and can be produced with high quality. the crystal sheet can be readily removed from the plate    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: A cooled movable member is used to bring the main surface of the plate into contact with the melt and then to move the plate away from the melt. Removal of the crystal sheet from the plate is achieved by inserting a protrusion of a removal device into a through-hole provided in the plate from a side of the plate opposite to that of its main surface.    The melt can be silicon, and a crystallized silicon sheet can be prepared by the method.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are given for:    (a) an apparatus used for implementation of the method; and    (b) a solar cell fabricated with a crystal sheet produced by the above method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-section of a crystal sheet production apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.    Main chamber (1)    Movable member (2)    Substrate (3)    Heater (4)    Platform (5)    Source material introduction port (6)    Melt (8)    Crucible (9)    Top door (14)    Roller (15)    Output chamber (16)
NOVELTY - The solar battery sealant consists of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with melting point of 85 degrees C or more, or multilayer structure of ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid ionomer and glass fiber mat. The sealant has optical line transmittance of 50% or more.    USE - For sealing solar battery in solar battery module used as energy source in common residences.    ADVANTAGE - As suitable storage modules and light transmission are provided, elasticity in high temperature range is improved, hence deformation or damage to battery due to temperature rise during usage is avoided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Storage modules at 150 degrees C of the sealant is provided between 1.0-5.0 x 10 3 Pa or more. The content of unsaturated carboxylic acid is 4 wt% or more. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module.
NOVELTY - The sealing material consists of the ethylene copolymer, subjected to electron beam irradiation. The ethylene copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene with the monomer chosen out of unsaturated ester and unsaturated carboxylic acid.    USE - For sealing solar battery element in solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - Usage of peroxide can be omitted, therefore productivity of solar battery module is enhanced and manufacturing cost is reduced. Excels is transparency and heat resistance and prevents damage and deformation of exterior, due to temperature rise, due to usage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery module.
NOVELTY - A silica layer (13) is formed by applying silica solution to surface of semiconductor layer (3) formed on porous layer. The silica in the layer (13) is oxidized by ozone which is generated by irradiating ultraviolet rays on silica layer to form silicon oxide overcoat layer.    USE - for manufacturing high back-contact type thin-film single crystal-silicon solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves conversion efficiency of battery by forming a silicon oxide overcoat layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the manufacturing process of back-contact-type thin film single-crystal-silicon solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Semiconductor layer (3)    Silica layer (13)
NOVELTY - The power storage apparatus comprises a water electrolyzing unit, a fuel cell, a hydrogen storage unit and a coolant supplying unit. An adsorption-type chiller (26) cools the coolant heated up by heat generated in water electrolysis apparatus (2), and the coolant is supplied to hydrogen storage apparatus (4) equipped with hydrogen occlusion alloy (38).    USE - For storing and generating power from fuel cell, by conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Heat energy is recovered and stored efficiently by using heat exchanger and therefore power consumption of device and operating cost are reduced. Power storage apparatus with high efficiency is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A heat exchanger (6) recovers the heat generated in water electrolysis apparatus and a second heat exchanger (7) recovers the heat generated in reversible-type fuel cell (8), arranged integrally with water electrolysis apparatus. The recovered heat is transferred to hydrogen storage apparatus.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the power storage apparatus operating method which involves manufacturing hydrogen during night by electrolyzing water and storing the hydrogen in hydrogen storage apparatus. The hydrogen generated in storage apparatus is supplied to fuel cell and electric power is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of energy storage apparatus.    Water electrolysis apparatus (2)    Fuel cell (3)    Hydrogen storage apparatus (4)    Heat exchangers (6,7)    Reversible-type fuel cell (8)    Adsorption-type chiller (26)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy (38)
NOVELTY - The method involves mixing hydrogen with carbon dioxide, nitrogen or light hydrocarbon and storing in a container under pressure.    USE - For internal combustion engine and fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The storage density of hydrogen is improved due to intermolecular force with other gases.
NOVELTY - The sensor has detection and counter electrodes (1,2) comprising mutually different electrochemical catalyst provided on an electroconductive porous base. The sensor applies carbon mono oxide adsorption and oxidation potentials which range between 0.03-0.07 V and 0.8-0.9 V, respectively between the electrodes. Reaction layer has thickness about 0.3 nm to 15 micron and density 1 ng/cm2 to 100 microg/cm2.    USE - For fuel cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Start-up time is less and the sensor provides stable output over a long period of time.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows principle of operation of carbon mono oxide gas sensor. (Diagram includes non-English language text)    Counter electrodes (1,2)
NOVELTY - The apparatus consists of a gas diffusion part (201-204) by which a gas is uniformly introduced into the gas inlet side of a catalyst layer cell (101-104). The catalyst layer cell reduces carbon monoxide from the gas.    USE - For reformer used in fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Size and weight of the fuel cell are reduced. Reduction of carbon monoxide is performed efficiently. Reliability of the fuel cell is enhanced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) reformer which consists of a carbon monoxide reduction apparatus which reduces carbon monoxide from reformed gas, and a reforming part (23) which converts hydrocarbon group fuel into the reformed gas (ii) fuel cell system which generates electricity using the reformed gas obtained from the reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic sectional drawing of the carbon monoxide reduction apparatus.    Reforming part (23)    Catalyst layer cell (101-104)    Gas diffusion part (201-204)
NOVELTY - The modifier has a cylindrical burner (21) surrounded by a doughnut shaped modification cylinder (26). A combustion space (24) is provided on the flame side of the burner. A spiral pipe (23) is arranged near the combustion space to supply liquid fuel.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since the fuel modification cylinder forms combustion space at flame side of cylindrical burner by supply of liquid fuel from holes of spiral pipe, soot covered to spiral pipe is prevented and hence cooling capacity is increased and flame temperature is lowered.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The spiral pipe has several holes (23a) arranged along the main axial direction of the combustion space. The holes in the spiral pipe are provided at an angle of 60degrees or less with respect to the mainstream of combustion exhaust gas. A cylindrical shape is arranged inside the pipe for spiral form. The liquid fuel used is a mixed liquor of methanol and water.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of modifier.    Cylindrical burner (21)    Spiral pipe (23)    Hole (23a)    Combustion space (24)    Modification cylinder (26)
NOVELTY - Silicon continuous casting method involves forming silicon melt solution (22) in non-water crucible (3) by heating silicon raw material (21) using transfer-type plasma arc (7) as heating source, solidifying and continuously forming silicon cast (20) in a cast which is heated by plasma electrode (10) which generates plasma arc of 500-900 degreesC.    USE - For production of silicon cast used for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The silicon cast is continuously and efficiently manufactured. The quality of silicon cast is improved, and the silicon cast is inexpensive. The abnormal consumption of cast crack or cutting blade is prevented. Electric power loss of plasma electric power unit accompanied by remarkable voltage drop is inhibited and the thermal efficiency is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of continuous casting apparatus for continuously casting silicon.    Non-bottom crucible (3)    Plasma arc torch (7)    Plasma electrode (10)    Silicon cast (20)    Silicon raw material (21)    Silicon melt solution (22)
NOVELTY - The molding material containing phenol resin synthesized by suspension polymerization and 5-60 wt% of carbon material is molded. The obtained molded product is carbonized by baking under vacuum or inert gas atmosphere, to obtain amorphous carbon composite.    USE - For fuel cell separator, semiconductor component and precision component.    ADVANTAGE - Amorphous carbon composite with excellent strength, heat conductivity, electroconductivity and dimensional accuracy is manufactured in high yield. Generation of crack in amorphous carbon composite is reduced. The carbon composite effectively prevents the permeation of gas.
NOVELTY - The polycrystalline silicon layer (3) and electrode layer (2) are laminated on substrate (1). A metal film consisting of Ti, Ni, W, Mo, Cu, Ag or Al is included between substrate and polycrystalline silicon layer. The layer (3) has 0.06 or less and 1.0 or less X ray diffraction intensity ratios respectively on crystal orientation surface and eutectic temperature below 850degreesC.    USE - For thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The efficiency of solar battery is increased at a low cost by using the high reflecting electrode layer and polycrystalline silicon layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metallic element concentration in polycrystalline silicon layer is in the range of 1exp16-1exp20 atoms/cm3 and the carrier concentration of polycrystalline silicon layer is in the range of 1exp18-1exp21 atoms/cm3.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of the semiconductor device.    Substrate (1)    Electrode layer (2)    Silicon layer (3)
NOVELTY - An autothermal reaction is initiated in a primary zone between the hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing fluid to heat the reformer to the required temperature, followed by an injection of water. A reforming process is then effected in a secondary zone in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - The system can be used for the generation of gas for fuel cells, possible for use in automobiles to generate electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - The automatic reformer, once initiated, rapidly attains the required temperature, and minimizes the production of undesirable by-products such as soot.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A process for the autothermal reforming of a hydrocarbon, particularly diesel fuel, is claimed. To start the reaction, a combustible mixture comprising the hydrocarbon to reform and an O2-containing fluid are introduced in a primary reaction zone and fired by an energy supply. After attaining the temperature necessary for the autothermal reaction, water (or a water-containing fluid) is injected in an amount necessary for the reforming process which takes place in a secondary reaction zone.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the installation to effect the process.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The attached drawing, figure 1, illustrates an installation of the process.    Reactor casing (2)    Primary reaction zone (3)    Secondary reaction zone (4)    Intermediate element (5)    Distribution nozzles for admission of hydrocarbons, oxygen and water (6,7)    Electrical plug initiator (8)    Catalyst (10)    Exhaust outlet (11)    Strangler valve (12)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell (1) comprises a proton-conducting polymer membrane made of a vulcanized halogenated rubber mixture as electrolyte; catalyst layers (3) covering both sides of the membrane; gas-permeable anode (4) and cathode (5) lying on the surface of the catalyst layers that face outwards; electrically conducting plates (6) and gas connections for the supply of hydrogen on one side and oxygen on the other side.    USE - For energy production.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has high efficiency.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the fuel cell.    fuel cell (1)    catalyst layers (3)    anode (4)    cathode (5)    electrically conducting plates (6)
NOVELTY - A mechanical device (111) e.g., compressor supplying oxidant stream to the cathode of fuel cell, is controlled to reduce parasitic power consumption by reducing oxidant stoichiometry until dV/d(OS) is greater than predetermined value, where dV is change in voltage and d(OS) is change in oxidant stoichiometry.    USE - For electrochemical fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The amount of oxidant supplied to fuel cell stack is controlled and system efficiency is improved. Oxidant delivery sub-system is controlled to increase oxidant stoichiometry to avert oxidant starvation condition.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) an oxidant delivery sub-system calibration method; and    (b) a fuel cell system    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic diagram of fuel cell system.    Fuel cell stack (100)    End plates (102, 103)    Sensor (104)    Controller (105)    Fuel supply (106)    Fuel supply passage (107)    Oxidant supply (110)    Mechanical device (111)    Electric motor (112)    Cathode exhaust package (116)
NOVELTY - Depositing metal having high corrosion resistance and low contact resistance against carbon on a separator for a fuel cell, comprises: projecting a solid plating material of core particles having higher hardness than the separator, and coated with high corrosion resistant metal having low contact resistance against carbon, to compulsorily deposit metal coated on the solid plating material to the separator.    USE - For treating fuel cell separators.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces separator costs and weight by reducing thickness.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The core particles of the solid plating material have a particle size of 30 - 300 microns; a true specific gravity of 2-15 and a hardness of 400/2000 Hv.
NOVELTY - The polymer electrolyte film reinforcement base material comprises porous sheet comprising aramid resin. The porous sheet is coated with fluororesin.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The polymer electrolyte film reinforcement base material has excellent mechanical strength, heat-resistance and proton conductivity. Proton conductivity polymeric electrolytic film reinforced with the base material and fuel cell containing the reinforced film, has improved oxidation-resistance, acid-resistance, and hydrolysis-resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for polymeric electrolyte film.
NOVELTY - A cadmium sulfur (CdS) film and cadmium tellurium (CdTe) film are sequentially formed on one surface of a transparent glass substrate. A fluorescent material film is deposited on other surface of the substrate. The fluorescent film absorbs light of 510 nm or less and emits light of same wavelength.    USE - Cadmium sulfur-cadmium tellurium solar battery for use in calculator, accessories for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Ensures simple and inexpensive manufacture of solar battery.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell is pressed by concentrically arranged pressure generators (21-23) in lamination direction of the battery cell (16). The battery cell has the electrolyte film supported by the gas diffusion electrode through the separators. The pressure applied to the battery cell, is adjusted based on bearing of cell surface to correct deformation of separator.    USE - For electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of cell by reducing contact resistance between elements of cell uniformly.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing showing pressing mode of fuel cell.    Battery cell (16)    Pressure generators (21-23)
NOVELTY - A removable elastic sealing layer (21) is attached to the side of exterior manifold (3), between fuel cell stack and exterior manifold.    USE - For portable electric power unit for electric vehicles, domestic cogeneration system.    ADVANTAGE - The removal and reinstallation of a manifold can be performed easily, without impairing the gas seal property between the stack of manifold and fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline sectional drawing of fuel cell.    Exterior manifold (3)    Removable elastic sealing layer (21)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system has a fuel cell (70) and a secondary battery as electric power units, and a reformer (103) for reforming fuel to form hydrogen which is supplied into the fuel cell. A hydrogen cylinder (401) for supplying hydrogen, is provided in the fuel cell.    USE - For hybrid drive-type moving unit such as electric motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Hydrogen is directly supplied to fuel cell under heavy load conditions and hence the fuel cell output is increased, as electromotive force is increased immediately. The battery is lightweight, and capacitance insufficiency and early degradation by rapid abundant discharge, are inhibited.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system. (Drawing includes non-English language text)    Fuel cell (70)    Reformer (103)    Hydrogen cylinder (401)
NOVELTY - Groove (44B) for supplying oxygen gas to positive electrode part has linear grooves (44b) prolonging linearly to the circumference of the plate. Both ends of linear grooves in plate (44) are widely opened. The filament is movably arranged to each linear groove.    USE - As electric power unit for motor and electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Water in the positive electrode part where electrical energy is produced by reaction of hydrogen and oxygen gas, is removed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell has electrolysis part which allows movement of hydrogen ions, arranged adjacently between negative plate (42) and positive electrode parts (41). Negative plate part dissociates hydrogen gas into hydrogen ion and electron. Hydrogen ions, electron and oxygen gas are reacted in positive electrode part, to form water. Groove (44A) for supplying hydrogen gas is provided to one surface of plate (44) at negative plate part. Groove (44B) for supplying oxygen gas to positive electrode part, is provided to other surface of plate (44).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross sectional view of fuel cell.    Positive electrode parts (41)    Negative plate (42)    Plate (44)    Grooves (44b,44B)
NOVELTY - The proton conductor comprises an inorganic type proton conduction material dispersed in an organic material impermeable to methanol.    USE - For use in power generating systems, such as fuel cells using liquid fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The proton conductor as electrolyte, efficiently prevents crossover of liquid fuel in fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell using the proton conductor.
NOVELTY - The phosphoric acid type fuel cell comprises magnesium group compound containing phosphoric acid electrolyte solution.    USE - For generation electricity.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has high and stable output in the initial stage and can be manufactured economically.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for operation method of phosphoric acid type fuel cell.
NOVELTY - The desalinator has a solar panel (3) with heat collector (26) to which water is supplied under gravity from a cooling tank (1). Heated water from solar panel is lead by head of cooling tank containing water to an evaporation tank (2). Steam from the evaporation tank is condensed to water in a condenser (4) immersed in water contained in the cooling tank. A feed water pump (5) supplies water to the cooling tank.    USE - For desalinating seawater, river water, lake water, waste water from marsh.    ADVANTAGE - Saline water gets unsaturated and not vaporized in the heat collector of the solar panel. Enables prolonged operation of desalinator since jamming by precipitated saline matter is avoided. Minimizes maintenance of condenser since jamming by saline matter precipitate is avoided. Effectively uses solar energy by driving the feed water pump with electricity generated by the photoelectric cell. Enables size reduction of solar-photoelectric cell. Uses heat energy effectively by preheating of water in cooling tank by the condenser. Compensates fluctuation in solar energy by providing a combustion board below the evaporation tank. Enables easy exchange of glass plate used as heat collector of the solar panel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic flow circuit diagram of desalinator.    Cooling tank (1)    Evaporation tank (2)    Solar panel (3)    Condenser (4)    Feed water pump (5)    Heat collector (26)
NOVELTY - A desulfurizer (1) removes sulfur from original fuel supplied to it, in presence of a catalyst. A reformer (2) forms a hydrogen-rich reformed gas from the desulfurized fuel. The desulfurizer has a regeneration unit with gas inlet for heating (1) to a temperature more than that of the fuel or for cooling (1). An outlet to eject external gas for regeneration is also provided.    USE - For fuel cell systems.    ADVANTAGE - The reformer has longer life. Catalyst function is accelerated with increased deodorant effect on sulfur components.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of an apparatus with reformer.    Desulfurizer (1)    Reformer (2)    Waste gas line (6)    Combustion unit (11)
NOVELTY - The apparatus comprises a sampling chamber (6) which receives and maintains a constant pressure of sampling gas (1). A hydrogen permeation film (10) which allows only hydrogen from the sampling chamber is provided dividing the sampling chamber and the hydrogen detection chamber (21) which is equipped with the hydrogen measurement sensor (23).    USE - For vehicles and industrial machinery using hydrogen as energy source.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents influence of other gases affecting detection, as hydrogen permeable film only allows hydrogen into measuring chamber from sampling gas chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of hydrogen concentration measuring apparatus.    Sampling gas (1)    Sampling chamber (6)    Hydrogen permeation film (10)    Hydrogen detection chamber (21)    Hydrogen measurement sensor (23)
NOVELTY - A proton-conducting membrane comprises an organic material (A), three-dimensionally cross-linked structure (B) containing a specific metal-oxygen bond, agent (C) for imparting proton conductivity and water (D). (A) has a number average molecular weight of 56 - 30,000 and at least 4C connected in series in the main chain. (A) and (B) are bound to each other via a covalent bond.    USE - The membrane is used in fuel cell (claimed) e.g. polymer electrolyte fuel cells, chemical sensors and ion-exchanging membranes.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane provides excellent resistance to heat and durability, showing excellent proton conductivity at high temperature than the conventional ones, adequate softness for good handiness and easiness of making the MEAs (membrane-electrode assemblies).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (I) preparation of proton-conducting membrane involves:    (i) preparing a reaction system containing a mixture of (A), hydrolyzable inorganic compound which forms (B) and (C);    (ii) forming the reaction system into a film; and    (iii) sol-gel reaction of the film in the presence of water vapor or liquid water (D) or vapor or liquid of an alcohol having a carbon number of 4 or less to form (B) by the metal-oxygen bond in the film; and    (II) a fuel cell comprising the proton-conducting membrane.
NOVELTY - A catalyst comprises platinum supported on an aluminum oxide hydrate carrier.    USE - For selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has high selectivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (A) the production of carbon monoxide from a hydrogen-containing gas comprising adding oxygen to the gas in an amount required to oxidize at least one part of the carbon monoxide; and contacting the resulting mixture with a catalyst to selectively oxidize carbon monoxide or with a structure having the catalyst coated with an integral carrier element, the catalyst comprising platinum supported on an aluminum oxide hydrate carrier; and    (B) a fuel cell system of the solid polymer electrolyte type consisting of a reactor for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide.
NOVELTY - The bipolar separator (1) has a plate (2) with opposing surfaces (2A,2B) compatible with fuel gas and oxidant gas, respectively. Pockets (3,4) are provided adjacent to the opposing ends (2C,2D) and are extended outwards and joined with surface (2A). Pockets (5,6) are provided adjacent to the ends (2E,2F) and are extended outwards and joined with the surface (2B).    USE - For fuel cell stack assembly (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The pockets have high resistance to corrosion in the fuel cell. The plates have high electrical conductivity, high corrosion resistance and low electrolyte loss.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The plate and pockets are comprised of different materials.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a bipolar separator.    Bipolar separator (1)    Plate (2)    Opposing surfaces (2A,2B)    Opposing ends (2C,2D,2E,2F)    Pockets (3,4,5,6)
NOVELTY - The electrochemical apparatus comprises cell having solid electrolyte (10) disposed between oxygen electrode (12) and fuel electrode (8), and separator (6) contacting the surface of one of electrodes (13) opposite to the electrolyte (10). The electrode (13) of the cell defines a variable cross-section micro-channel pattern (26).    USE - For oxidation or consumption of fuel and generation of electricity, such as solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The compact, centrally-fed radial fuel cell utilized micro-channels to tailor the flow distribution of reacting gases within the fuel cell and amongst all the cells in a stack. The fuel cell utilizes variable cross-section micro-channels to tailor flow, pressure and velocity distribution of reacting gases within the fuel cell. The enhanced flow electrodes are produced by simple scalable production techniques. The integrated micro-channels minimize the complexity of stack components and can be efficiently manufactured. The flow and pressure distribution can be customized and controlled through channel design, enhancing reactant distribution to the cell. The overall cell reactant balance through controlled pressure distribution, is improved. The use of controlled flow and pressure in the compact integrated device results in the apparatus exhibiting improved volumetric power density and efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrode defines a grid micro-channel pattern. The micro-channel cross-section narrows toward rim of the cell, and is formed within the electrode by screen printing, photolithography, pressing or calendering. The micro-channel has width of 0.5 mm or less.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fabrication of solid oxide fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows partially schematic sectional view of cell.    Separator (6)    Fuel electrode (8)    Solid electrolyte (10)    Oxygen electrode (12)    Electrodes (13)    Micro-channel pattern (26)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen infrastructure system has at least a hydrogen distribution sub system (36). The waste heat generated in any part of subsystem (36) is recovered and reused in other parts of sub system (36) or other sub systems of infrastructure.    USE - Generation, storage, transportation and distribution of hydrogen and as a source of hydrogen for internal combustion engine or fuel cell of vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The infrastructure system utilizes high capacity, inexpensive and light weight thermal hydrogen storage alloy powder. Safe and efficient storage of hydrogen is enhanced. Efficient transportation and distribution of hydrogen is enabled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (i) hydrogen storage bed having at least a hydrogen alloy material and a solid support with high porosity and thermal conductivity; and    (ii) material which comprises at least one particle atomically engineered local chemical and electronic environments providing bulk nucleation.    In (i), the support holds hydrogen storage alloy material in a fixed portion. During hydrogen storage, transportation of hydrogen into and thermal energy out of hydrogen storage alloy material is enabled. During release of hydrogen, transportation of hydrogen out of and thermal energy into storage alloy material is enabled.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of complete infrastructure system.    Power generation subsystem (31)    Hydrogen generation subsystem (32)    Hydrogen purification and compression (33)    Hydrogen storage subsystem (34)    Hydrogen transportation subsystem (35)    Hydrogen distribution subsystem (36)    Hydrogen end-use subsystem (37)
NOVELTY - The method comprises contacting the carbon monoxide with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising platinum and at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese.    USE - For reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-containing gas prepared by reforming hydrocarbons, methanol, etc., useful as a hydrogen source in fuel cells such as those used in automobiles.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the catalyst comprising the active components on a support.
NOVELTY - An airtight non-electroconductive sealing compound is applied to surface of an electrode construction element (102) in shape of lattice. The electrode construction element is cut from lattice sealing portion (101) to obtain an electrode (103).    USE - For manufacturing polyelectrolyte type fuel cell used for portable electric power unit, electric vehicles, domestic co-generation system, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The sealing in the electrode of fuel cell is performed efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sealing portion of electrode.    Sealing portion (101)    Electrode construction element (102)    Electrode (103)
NOVELTY - The film having electrical conductivity is formed on a glass substrate surface. The thickness of the obtained film is adjusted and a multiple film is formed.    USE - Used in film-type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The process ensures formation of film with uniform concavo-convex surface.
NOVELTY - The method involves controlling amount of raw material gas supply, based on increase or decrease in demand of reformed gas. Raw material supply is corrected, based on deviation of temperature from target value. Time lag for temperature change in reformer from the raw material demand time is calculated. Based on time lag, extraction of reformed gas and supply of heating gas are controlled.    USE - For reformer of hydrogen generator in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Since supply of heating gas and extraction of reformed gas are performed, based on time lag, supply is maintained relative to demand fluctuation and so temperature of reformed gas and apparatus are stabilized. Size of reformer is reduced, by the compact arrangement of controller in modifier.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the temperature control apparatus which includes a judging circuit (25A) to judge increase or decrease in demand of raw material gas. A controller (20) controls the supply of raw material based on demand. A correction unit (23) corrects the amount of raw material gas supply, based on deviation of temperature from target value. Time lag temperature change in reformer is estimated from the demand time by an estimation unit. The controller limits the amount of extraction of reformed gas and controls supply of heating gas to reformer, based on time lag.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of temperature control apparatus of reformer.    Reformer (10)    Controller (20)    Judging circuit (25A)
NOVELTY - Ruthenium complexes having di- or tetrapyridophenazine ligand are new.    USE - As a luminescent material or as sensitizer for photoreaction in a protic solvent, for wet solar cell or fluorescent sensor.    ADVANTAGE - The complexes have long luminescent lifetime even in a protic solvent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Ruthenium complexes of formulas (I) and (II) are new:    R1-R4 = 1-4C alkyl; and    bpy = bipyridine.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a sensitizer comprising a solution of complex (I) or (II) and a protic solvent.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system comprises a reforming unit (2) for the production of a hydrogen-rich gas mixture by reforming a compound containing hydrogen; a fuel cell for the production of an electromotive force by a reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen; and a hydrogen separating unit (3) between the reforming unit and the fuel cell comprising a hydrogen-permeable device for obtaining a fuel gas by separating the hydrogen gas from the gas mixture.    USE - For producing electrical energy.    ADVANTAGE - Lowering of the degree of the energy conversion is minimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for an electric car; and a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the fuel cell system.    reforming unit (2)    hydrogen separating unit (3)
NOVELTY - An electrode assembly for a fuel cell comprises an anode and a cathode each formed of a planar silicon substrate, preferably a silicon wafer, with electrolyte interposed between the substrates.    USE - In a fuel cell, especially a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel cell. (claimed)    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell may be miniaturized and/or fabricated by silicon mass production processing.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows fuel cell components.    Silicon wafer anode (304)    Anode active region (314)    Silicon wafer cathode (306)    Etched flow channels (310,318)    Flow barrier (312)    Active region (314)    Blocking medium. (320)
NOVELTY - Cooled fuel cell power plant (142) comprises: at least one fuel cell (12') to produce electricity from reducing fluid and process oxidant streams; a thermal management system (54') to control temperature within the plant; and a direct antifreeze solution passing through the thermal management system.    USE - For use in transportation vehicles, portable power plants or as stationary power plants.    ADVANTAGE - The plant is effectively operated in sub-freezing conditions, minimizing free water within the system and does not require significant increases in weight, volume or plant cost.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell(s) (12') include an electrolyte secured between anode and cathode catalysts. The thermal management system includes a porous water transport plate in fluid communication with the cathode catalyst. The direct antifreeze solution is an organic solution that does not wet the cathode catalyst and is non-volatile at cell operating temperatures. The direct antifreeze solution is an alkane-triol direct antifreeze solution.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for power plants as described, but also:    (a) a direct mass and heat transfer device (96'); or    (b) a water treatment system (140) to treat the direct antifreeze solution, including a demineralizer; or    (c) a steam injection system (168) in fluid communication with the thermal management system (54') to control concentration of direct antifreeze in the antifreeze solution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic of a direct antifreeze cooled power plant.    fuel cell(s) (12')    thermal management system (54')    direct mass and heat transfer device (96')    water treatment system (140)    power plant (142)    steam injection system (168)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell power plant that includes a fuel cell having a membrane electrode assembly which is positioned between an anode support plate and a cathode support plate, and porous water transport plates adjacent the anode and cathode support plate.    USE - Fuel cells having current densities of about 1.6 A m-2 are achieved with air stoichiometries of less than 2.50.    ADVANTAGE - Incorporating the interdigitated flow channels into the porous water transport plates and operating the fuel cell at a pressure differential allows the coolant water to saturate the water transport plates forcing the reactant gases into the anode and cathode support plate. This increases the mass transfer of the gases into the support plates, thereby increasing the electrical performance of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The porous water transport plates have interdigitated flow channels for the reactant gas streams to pass through and conventional flow channels for a coolant stream to pass through.    The fuel cell power plant also has a device for creating a pressure differential between the reactant gas streams and the coolant stream where the pressure of the reactant gas streams is greater than the coolant stream.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows fuel cell power plant that includes PEM fuel cell and device for controlling pressure of reactant gas and coolant streams.    PEM fuel cell power plant (10)    fuel cell (12)    support plate (14)    membrane electrolyte assembly (16)    cathode support plate (18)    water transport plate (20)    fuel reactant gas stream (22)    oxidant reactant gas stream (24)    coolant stream (26)    heat exchanger (28)    pump (30)    pump/compressor (32)    variable valve (34, 36, 38,)    pressure transducer (40, 42)    valve (44)    system controller (46)    line (48, 50, 52, 58, 60)
NOVELTY - The reactant gas is introduced into film production unit (1a). A heater (2a) which holds the substrate (3) heats the film production unit. A low resistance element (14) of the heater reduces the impedance between heater and film production unit. A power supply unit (8) supplies high frequency power to electrodes (5) to form plasma between substrate and electrode.    USE - Plasma CVD apparatus used for solar battery manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Film of uniform thickness is attained with improved stability and reproducibility due to the provision of low resistance element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of the plasma CVD apparatus.    Film production unit (1a)    Heater (2a)    Substrate (3)    Electrodes (5)    Power supply unit (8)    Low resistance element (14)
NOVELTY - Production comprises forming peeling layer (102) and thin film single crystal (103) on substrate surface (101), bonding a flexible sheet member (104) to surface of crystal and peeling the thin film single crystal together with sheet member from the substrate by applying force to curve the sheet member.    USE - Solar cell modules and drive circuit members of image display elements (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The devices are of high quality, durability and reliability because no defects or cracking occur in the thin film crystal during production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) a flexible solar cell module with a photovoltaic element having a thin film single crystal such that the direction in which the module flexes is different from the direction in which it cleaves;    (2) a flexible solar cell module where at least one part of the module having the thin film single crystal is subjected to plastic deformation, the direction of which being different from the direction in which the crystal is likely to cleave; and    (3) two claims for the production of the solar cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a cross-section of the thin film single crystal during peeling.    Substrate (101)    Peeling layer (102)    Thin film single crystal silicon layer (103)    Sheet member (104)    Peeling roller (105)    Front line of peeling (107)
NOVELTY - An electrochemical cell includes a porous catalytic first electrode (311), a membrane (309) separator and a second electrode (307). A flow field communicates with the second electrode and fluid ports provide access to each electrode.    USE - The electrochemical cell is used in power supplies for vehicles, as a supplemental power supply, or in conversion of intermittent power (from e.g., windmills, solar energy or hydroelectric energy) into steady power.    ADVANTAGE - The cell is capable of operating at pressure differentials of above 2000 psi so that direct filling from pressurized hydrogen and/or oxygen tanks is possible.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) method for using a cell of the above type to convert water to oxygen and hydrogen and supplying the hydrogen to a fuel cell;    (b) a method for making a porous electrode by sintering a layer of conductive material to form a porous support, and infiltrating the support with catalyst; and    (c) a method for generating electrical power by generating hydrogen from water using the electrochemical cell, and using the hydrogen to generate electricity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an electrochemical cell.    Porous electrode (311)    Hydrogen flow field (303)    Membrane (309)    Oxygen electrode (307)    Oxygen flow field (305)
NOVELTY - A group one b - three a - six a (IB-IIIA-VIA) semiconductor is formed by depositing one or more precursor layers onto an unheated substrate, the layers containing a mixture of the semiconductor elements, and then heating the layers to form the semiconductor.    USE - The method is used in production of semiconductor alloy films for use as absorber layers in photovoltaic devices such as solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The two-stage process produces high quality monophasic films with high consistency and reliability.
NOVELTY - This LaGaO3 electron oxygen mixture conductor has perovskite structure and is represented by a general formula.    USE - Useful in an electrode and an oxygen penetration film.    ADVANTAGE - Oxygen ion electric conductivity is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A general formula is (La(1-x)Mx) (Ga(1-y)Fey) O(3-delta), wherein M is at least one kind of SPCA, and Ba and y is 0.2 - 0.6.
NOVELTY - Protection sheet for solar battery module comprises a laminate in which a weather-resistant polyester resin layer and a cyclic polyolefin resin layer are laminated.    USE - The sheet is used for protecting solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The sheet has excellent strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, wind resistance, hail resistance, chemical resistance etc. Degradation is suppressed for a long time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar battery module where a filler layer, a solar battery element using a photoelectromotive force element, a filler layer and the back surface protective sheet are laminated in order on at least one surface of the front surface protective sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a cross-section of the laminate.    Protection Sheet (A)    Polyester Resin Layer (1)    Cyclic Polyolefin Resin Layer (2)    Multilayer Body (3)
NOVELTY - A sealing film (10) which is interposed between cell (4) for solar batteries and back side cover (2), includes ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer resin films (11A,11B) between which zinc steel plate (12) is interposed. An opening (5) is provided to sealing film (10) for lead wire passage and end face of plate (12) which faces the opening (5), is coated with melting solidified matter (11M) of EVA film.    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables providing flame retardance or non-flammable property to solar battery, as triple layer film of two EVA fims and one zinc steel plate, is used as back side sealing film. Avoids the problems like electric leakage, rust and elution, by coating the end face of zinc steel plate with melting solidified matter of EVA film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery.    Back side cover (2)    Cell (4)    Opening (5)    Sealing film (10)    EVA films (11A,11B)    Solidified matter of EVA film (11M)    Plate (12)
NOVELTY - The unit cell comprises a solid polymer film (11) provided on both sides with electrodes (13,15) having concavo-convex shaped grooves (12,14) for passing gases on outer surface. Separators (16,17) are provided on outer surface of electrodes.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The unit cell is inexpensive and lightweight. Gas passageways are formed easily on electrode surface by printing a resin and baking to form a concavo-convex layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional drawing of unit cell for fuel cells.    solid polymer film (11)    grooves (12,14)    electrodes (13,15)    separators (16,17)
NOVELTY - A pellet-like catalyst is filled in several layers (A,B) in direction orthogonal to flow direction of heating gas in inner parts of modifier (1). An air feed pipe (2A,2B) is connected to both upper stream side of flow direction of modifier, and intermediate part, so that air is directly supplied to each multilayered pellet-like catalyst.    USE - For use in fuel cell apparatus.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform temperature is maintained throughout the flow direction of heating gas in modifier, thereby fuel modification is performed efficiently.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel reformer performs modification of heating gas to form hydrogen rich heating gas. A hydrocarbon is used as heating gas. The heating gas is introduced from one end of modifier and ejected from other end. A pellet-like catalyst is filled in many layers in direction orthogonal to flow direction of heating gas in inner parts of modifier. An air feed pipe is connected to both upper stream side of flow direction of modifier, and intermediate part, so that air is directly supplied to each multilayered pellet-like catalyst.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of fuel reformer.    Modifier (1)    Air feed pipes (2A,2B)    Catalyst layers (A,B)
NOVELTY - Catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas, comprises ruthenium or a mixture of ruthenium and platinum. The ruthenium or ruthenium-platinum mixture is present to a thickness of 100 mum on the outer surface of a porous support.    USE - For selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in reformed gas which is used for solid polymeric type fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst is selective towards oxidation of carbon monoxide and amount of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas is reduced to 0.1 volume% or less. The low temperature characteristics and electricity generation efficiency of fuel cell using the reformed gas formed using the catalyst, is thereby enhanced.
NOVELTY - The twin plate (2) of the battery is made by plastics resin and carbon mix. The plastics resin framework (1) is bonded to the periphery of twin plate by welding with a solvent.    USE - For redox flow battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since a solvent is used for welding, the bad effect due to the acid entering the adhesive is eliminated. The difference in both thermal expansion coefficient is restrained by using a resin for both and rupture of the frame due to thermal expansion is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the carbon board.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of the cell frame of redox flow battery.    Framework (1)    Twin plate (2)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell device (1) comprises water supply unit (40) to spray liquid water on surface of air electrode (AE) (11) of fuel cell main body (10) and on wall surface of connector plate facing AE, air supply unit (30) to supply process air to AE, air and water supply controllers to control amount of process air and liquid water supplied. The supply controllers are controlled independently to each other.    USE - For electric power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Miniaturization of fuel cell device is attained. The time required for start-up of fuel cell device is shortened. The amount of air and water exiting the fuel cell device are minimized and hence, size and capacity of condenser are reduced. The power consumption by auxiliary equipment is minimized. Wasteful supply of air and water are prevented, since air and water supply are independently controlled.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The fuel cell device further comprises a temperature detector to detect the temperature of fuel cell main body, and a load detector to detect a load of fuel cell main body. The air supply controller controls the amount of process air based on detected temperature and load. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) A method of operating a fuel cell device;    (b) An air supply apparatus attached to fuel cell device    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic view of fuel cell device.    Fuel cell device (1)    Fuel cell main body (10)    Air electrode (11)    Air supply unit (30)    Water supply unit (40)
NOVELTY - Composite polymer membrane in which a polyaniline-containing polymer membrane is formed on a surface of an acidic group-containing polymer membrane.    USE - The membrane is used for solid polymer electrolyte for fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The solid polymer electrolyte membrane is excellent in proton conductivity and methanol barrier property.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a method for producing the composite membrane, which comprises allowing aniline to be adsorbed by an acidic group-containing polymer membrane, and subjecting the aniline to oxidative polymerization to obtain a polyaniline-containing polymer membrane; and(2) a solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising the composite membrane.
NOVELTY - A set of molding dies comprises a die base (1) having a surface (1a) with predetermined surface roughness; and a plate (2) disposed in intimate contact with the surface. The plate has a predetermined uniform thickness with through-holes (2a).    USE - For fuel-cell separator.    ADVANTAGE - The protuberances formed by the through-holes have constant height and constant flatness. They are readily released from the through-holes during the removal of the fuel-cell separator, thus facilitating a releasing operation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for (A) a molding structure comprising (a) the above set of molding dies, (b) a side frame (4) disposed on the periphery of the plate and having a predetermined height, (c) a molding material charged into a cavity having a bottom defined by the plate and side wall surfaces defined by inside surfaces of the side frame, and (d) an upper die (5) inserted in the side frame for compressing the molding material; and (B) a molding process for a fuel-cell separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is an exploded perspective view showing the inventive set of molding dies.    Die base (1)    Surface of the die base (1a)    Plate (2)    Through-holes (2a)    Side frame (4)    Upper die (5)
NOVELTY - A solid state fuel cell comprises a process gas flow passage having first and second active cathode-electrolyte-anode surfaces. At least one nail current collector traverses the gas flow passage for electronically connecting the first active surface to the second active surface. The nail current collector facilitates the flow of electrons through the solid state fuel cell.    USE - Generating electrical current.    ADVANTAGE - Increases the active surface area per unit fuel cell such that overall power density of the assembled fuel cell system is critically improved. It simplifies the construction of an assembled fuel cell system by forming and stacking planar sheets of integrally connected tubular fuel cells, preferably by a single extrusion step. It also increases current flow within the fuel cell system.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solid state fuel cell assembly comprising horizontal and planar sheet of cathode material, parallel linear oxidant gas passages (44) formed within the sheet, first electrolyte coating, first anode coating, interconnect strips (34) applied to bottom surface (26) of sheet, second electrolyte coating applied to bottom surface of sheet and between the interconnect strips, a second anode coating, sheets stacked together, and fuel gas passages formed between adjacent sheets.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an assembled fuel stack.    Bottom surface (26)    Interconnect strips (34)    Nail current collector member (42)    Gas passages (44)
NOVELTY - A thermal regulating composition comprises a first material and a second material capable of sorbing and desorbing a heat transfer material. The second material is present in an amount to sorb an amount of the heat transfer material to remove a portion of the heat generated when the first material undergoes an exothermic reaction. The first and second materials comprise a mixture.    USE - Used as e.g. a catalyst system in a fuel processor for a fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - Provides a catalyst material that is easier and safer to handle, and can be oxidized (as for shipping) or activated more easily, safely and conveniently than the conventional catalyst systems. The temperature quenching capability of the inventive composition allows improved temperature control of the composition during reaction. It has improved controllability through heat exchange methods and reactant control e.g. cutting off or reducing reactants).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (A) an article comprising a fuel processor for a fuel cell system and the catalyst composite disposed within an interior of a reformer; and    (B) the regulation of the temperature within an exothermic reaction, comprising providing a mixture of the first and second materials, and desorbing from the second material a portion of the heat transfer material to remove a portion of the heat generated when the catalyst material undergoes an exothermic reaction.
NOVELTY - A carbon monoxide purification apparatus comprises a feeding device (1) for feeding hydrogen gas, a catalyst reaction device (2) having a catalyst body (2a) supporting a platinum type catalyst, an induction device (3) to introduce hydrogen gas containing the carbon monoxide and an oxygen gas feeding device to feed oxygen into the catalyst reaction device.    USE - Used in the purification of carbon monoxide in low temperature fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus recovers catalysts activities reduced by carbon monoxide, has good work safety and reduces stability of carbon monoxide in hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the purification of carbon monoxide using the above apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the apparatus.    Hydrogen gas feeding device (1)    Catalyst reaction device (2)    Catalyst body (2a)    Temperature adjusting device (2b)    Temperature detection device (2c)    Hydrogen gas introduction device (3)    Air feeding device (4)    Hydrogen gas discharge device (7)
NOVELTY - Producing perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate derivatives (II) comprises thermally decomposing compounds (I) containing alkali or alkaline earth metals in the presence of a catalyst.    USE - The perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate derivatives are for use for producing fluoro-ionomers which are for use for electrolysis of NaCl. The ionomer is expected to be for use for chemical sensors, separation films, polymer strong acidic catalysts, proton transporting polymer electrolyte of fuel cells, etc.    ADVANTAGE - The process is very efficient and prevents the production of byproducts.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate derivatives (II) comprises thermally decomposing compounds (I) containing alkali or alkaline earth metals in the presence of a catalyst. (I) and the perfluorovinyl ether sulfonate derivatives are represented by general formulae (I) and (II), respectively.    M = alkali or alkaline earth metal; and    n = 0, 1 or 2.    The catalyst has the ability to coordinate with the ion of the metal (M).
NOVELTY - An electrolytic composition contains a quaternary ammonium compound or phosphonium compound at up to 10 percent by weight or less of the entire electrolytic composition of a solvent.    USE - The electrolytic composition is used for the opto-electric conversion element used for the opto-electrochemical battery. The opto-electrochemical battery is useful for a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolytic composition has good durability and charge transportation. The resulting opto-electric conversion element has good opto-electric conversion characteristics and less aged deterioration in its characteristics.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The electrolytic composition contains a compound of formula (I).    A = N, or P;    R1-R4 = (un)substituted alkyl or alkenyl, and two or more of R1-R4 may form A-containing non-aromatic ring by linking to each other; or may form polymer through R1-R4;    X1 = anion.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) an opto-electric conversion element having a conductive layer, a photosensitive layer, a charge-transfer layer containing the electrolytic composition, and a counter electrode. The charge-transfer layer; and    (2) an opto-electrochemical battery consisting of the opto-electric conversion element.
NOVELTY - A method of refining fuels for fuel batteries comprises removing CO by low temperature plasma reacting with H2 generated by corona discharge.    USE - The method is suitable for polymer fuel batteries or phosphate fuel batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The method does not require catalysts, and hence reduces the pollution.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing illustrates the method.    Fuel (1)    Steam modifier (2)    CO transformer (3)    High voltage electrode (6)    Power source (8)    Corona discharge generator (9)    Absorption trough (11)
NOVELTY - Production of a membrane with a catalytically active layer comprises forming a paste of a nonpolar solvent, a catalytically active material and a polymer solution, applying as a layer to a polymer membrane and pressing whilst heating.    USE - For low temperature fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The number of steps is minimized and the product quality is high.
NOVELTY - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte film, anode and cathode, anode side conductive separator and cathode side conductive separator.    USE - The fuel cell is used in portable power sources, power sources for electrical vehicles, domestic co-generation systems etc..    ADVANTAGE - Costs are considerably reduced. Vibration resistance and shock resistance properties are excellent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte film, an anode and a cathode sandwiching the electrolyte film, an anode side conductive separator having a gas supply path which supplies fuel gas to the anode and a cathode side conductive separator having a gas supply path which supplies oxidizing gas to the cathode. The separators comprise an acid resistant conductive air-tight elastic body which comprises a polymer elastic body based on a polyisobutylene and an ethylene-propylene random copolymer, and an inorganic conductive material.    The polyisobutylene is of formula (I):    X and Y = polymerizable functional groups;    m = the number of repeat units of isobutylene oligomer and is at least 1;    and the ethylene-propylene random copolymer is of formula (II):    X and Y = polymerizable functional groups;    l, m and n = integers of at least 1.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows an electrolyte membrane - electrode assembly.    Carbon Paper (11)    Catalyst Layer (12)    Electrode (13)    Electrolyte Membrane (14)    Assembly (15)
NOVELTY - A solid oxide fuel cell stack has fuel cells having anode and cathode interposed with electrolytic layer, and interconnect layer between the cells. The interconnect layer has a composition which is densifiable at low temperature and is suitable for simultaneous co-sintering, as a single unit, of the anode, the cathode, the electrolytic layer and the interconnect layer in air atmosphere.    USE - None given.    ADVANTAGE - The interconnect layer sinters at low temperature. It has good electrical conductivity and does not react with gases introduced into the fuel cell stack (claimed).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A solid oxide fuel cell stack consists of fuel cells having an anode and cathode interposed with an electrolytic layer, and interconnect layer between the cells. The interconnect layer has a composition of formula (I):    (x = 0.05-0.5, preferably 0.2). It is densifiable at low temperature which is suitable for simultaneous co-sintering, as a single unit, of the anode, the cathode, the electrolytic layer and the interconnect layer in an air atmosphere. It acts as barrier to gases introduced into the fuel cell stack.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of forming a solid oxide fuel cell stack, involving forming an interconnect layer composition from lanthanum chromate (LaCrO3) and alloying binary sintering aid composition; providing anode, cathode, and electrolytic layer; tape-laminating and simultaneously co-sintering as a single unit the compositions of anode layer, electrolytic layer, cathode layer and interconnect layer in air, nitrogen, or phosphorus dioxide (PO2), at 1350 degreesC.
NOVELTY - Manufacture of low resistance indium tin oxide (ITO) film, involves depositing ITO film on a crystalline substrate at 500-1000degreesC using pulse laser vapor deposition method.    USE - For transparent electrodes used in display devices such as liquid crystal display and solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The film thickness can be controlled by setting a high oxygen pressure. The ITO thin film has low resistance factor, high mobility, crystallinity and high carrier density. The thin film contributes for high efficiency and expansion of solar battery and liquid crystal display device.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) ITO thin film which contains tin dopant with activity of 80% or more, which is measured based on carrier density ((piece/cm3)x100) of tin dopant; and (ii) Substrate carrying ITO thin film.
NOVELTY - The battery has lower electrode (4), photoelectric conversion layer (5) and transparent electrode (6) formed sequentially on substrate (2). A collection and wiring electrode (11) is provided on part of surface of transparent electrode. An insulation layer (3) containing insulating material of dielectric constant 15 or more, is provided between transparent electrode and photoelectric conversion layer.    USE - As solar battery for electronic devices.    ADVANTAGE - Leakage of electric current by electrostatic destruction is reduced. A solar battery with high electrostatic pressure resistance is obtained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional drawing of the solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (2)    Insulating layer (3)    Lower electrode (4)    Photoelectric conversion layer (5)    Transparent electrode (6)    Collection and wiring electrode (11)
NOVELTY - The method involves heating a substrate adhered with sublayer thin film (STF) formed using steam and tin tetrachloride vapor as main raw material, at 420-500degreesC. A transparent electrode film (TEF) containing tin oxide is adhered on STF to form a TEF using, SnCl4 vapor and amount of process liquid added during manufacture is controlled so that molar ratio of SnCl4 in hydrogen fluoride gas is 0.5 or more.    USE - For manufacture of transparent electrode film used for solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Haze value of the electrode can be controlled without changing the transmittance and resistance factors. Structure of the electrode film can be adjusted to submicron level thereby restraining generation of defects in the electricity generating film and improving electricity generating efficiency of the solar battery. Durability of the electrode film when exposed to hydrogen plasma, is improved as the film is made of tin oxide. Transparency of the film is not reduced even when the film is formed by chemical vapor deposition under hydrogen atmosphere. Since fine crystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon can be used in addition to amorphous silicon for the electricity generation element, reliability and quality of the solar battery are improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery using the transparent electrode film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fragmentary sectional view of a solar battery.
NOVELTY - An electric charge carrying layer connects the semiconductor electrode and a counter electrode. The charge carrying layer is made of liquid having charge transporting property for electron conduction while working. The liquid is a compound having benzothiazole structure.    USE - For e.g. photogalvanic cell, solar battery, photosensor.    ADVANTAGE - Converts energy efficiently, reducing degradation in characteristics during continuous irradiation of light, thus increasing the durability of transducer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for optoelectric transducer manufacturing method.
NOVELTY - A transparent antireflective coating (1) containing crystalline microparticle of 0.1 or less micron particle diameter, is formed on light receiving surface (2) of solar battery. Doping of elements of cerium, europium, terbium, samarium, yttribium, gold, silver, copper, manganese or antimony is performed to crystalline microparticles in transparent layer.    USE - As solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Solar battery is simple and has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, fluorescent characteristics. Since the dopant has long-term stability, photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery is maintained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of solar battery.    Transparent antireflective coating (1)    Light receiving surface (2)
NOVELTY - Indium and tin oxide (ITO) sintered compact is manufactured by injecting a slurry containing indium oxide powder and tin oxide in a dispersion medium, into a casting mold for molding. The grain size of indium oxide and tin oxide powder in the above slurry is set to 0.8 microns or less, respectively. The pH of the slurry is adjusted to 8.0 or more.    USE - ITO sintered compact sputtering target used in low resistance transparent electroconductive film for solar battery and liquid crystal device.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of ITO sintered compact with high density in high yield.
NOVELTY - An electrode is formed by adsorbing an organic pigment on the surface of a porous oxide semiconductor.    USE - The electrode is used in a solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The electrode provides the solar battery with a high light/electrical conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An electrode is formed by adsorbing an organic pigment on the surface of a porous oxide semiconductor. The organic pigment is a compound of formula (I).    ring A and ring B = N-containing five- or six-membered rings which may have (un)substituted condensed ring;    X1, X2 = C or heteroatom;    Y1, Y2 = O or S;    R1, R2 = anchor group, or alkyl which may have 16C or more substituent;    one of R1 and R2 = anchor group;    R3, R4 = H, halo or substituent in which linkage group is C or heteroatom; or groups which may form a five- or six-membered ring by bonding to each other;    m = 0-2; and    p = 0 or 1.
NOVELTY - Catalyst for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) in gases containing hydrogen (H2) consists of ruthenium (Ru) on a hydrated alumina support.    USE - The catalyst, catalyst-coated construction and process are used for removing carbon monoxide from gases containing hydrogen, especially in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system (all claimed). The fuel cell system is suitable for use in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells have a high power density, can operate at low temperature and produce little harmful waste gas. Most use gases enriched in H2, which are obtained by reforming a fuel, e.g. an alcohol or hydrocarbon. However, at concentrations of over 100 ppm, CO poisons the platinum in the alloy in the anode electrode catalyst, causing strong polarization and hence reduced power. The present selective oxidation can reduce the CO content to at most 100 ppm and can use a simple and small reactor.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for;    (1) A catalyst-coated construction, comprising the catalyst applied to a monolithic support material, for selective oxidation of CO in gases containing H2;    (2) A process for removing the CO present in gases containing H2; and    (3) A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system comprising a fuel reservoir, a reformer, a conversion reactor, a CO-selective oxidation reactor using the specified catalyst and a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, in this sequence.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system using the specified catalyst. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reservoir (1)    Reformer (2)    Conversion reactor (3)    Carbon monoxide-selective oxidation reactor (4)    Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (5)
NOVELTY - A positive electrode (2) and a negative plate (3) are respectively formed on either sides of nafion film (1). The non-permeable separators (8,9) are respectively distributed at the outer surface of positive electrode and negative plate. A carbon paper is arranged as gas diffusion layers (4,5) to inner surface of the separators and outer section of paper is cut into a zig-zag shape.    USE - Solid electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since carbon paper is laminated to inner surface of separators, the deformation of gas passageway which is formed on carbon paper is prevented, hence gaseous diffusion property is improved.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front view of solid electrolyte fuel cell.    Nafion film (1)    Positive electrode (2)    Negative plate (3)    Diffusion layers (4,5)    Non-permeable separators (8,9)
NOVELTY - The laminating apparatus has horizontal and vertical cutters (62,68) to cut the surface film (14) into predetermined shape. A locating mechanism (40) is provided to guide the cut edge of the surface film fed by a pair of rollers (30) over the surface of the base film (12) for lamination of surface and base films.    USE - For laminating electrolyte film on base electrode of fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The thin film is laminated continuously at high accuracy, thereby improving productivity.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of thin film laminating apparatus.    Base film (12)    Surface film (14)    Rollers (30)    Cutters (62,68)
NOVELTY - The solid high molecular form fuel cell comprises carbon powder and solid polymer electrolyte material of proton conductivity. The electrode part electricity generation site contains catalyst and water repellent agent. The water repellent agent is a compound which has silicon atom, oxygen atom and hydrophobic substituent.    USE - As electricity generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Post processing such as heating are not required. Water repellency of electrodes is enhanced. Even under hot and humid conditions during electricity generation, water repellency of electrode is maintained.
NOVELTY - Magnetic substance such as iron and nickel used as catalyst for thermolyzing ethylene and carbon monoxide is magnetically isolated by a magnetic separator.    USE - Hydrogen storage material for fuel cell and cathode material for lithium secondary battery.    ADVANTAGE - Enables selective removal of foreign material from carbon nano fibers. The occlusion capability per unit volume (or weight) of carbon nano fiber, towards hydrogen and lithium is high. The separated carbon nano fiber has wide industrial application.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for selective separation apparatus of carbon nano fiber consisting of a distribution tank, a magnetic separator and a filter. Solid product obtained by thermolyzing ethylene and carbon monoxide in the presence of a metallic catalyst is stirred with liquid surfactant in the distribution tank and a slurry is formed. The magnetic separator isolates magnetic slurry from the slurry present in distribution tank, and the filter separates solid particles from the separated magnetic slurry.
NOVELTY - A thin photoelectric conversion laminate is formed on electrode layer (4) arranged on substrate (1). The laminate isolated from electrode layer (6) is separated by insulating film (13) in the groove to form several blocks. An electroconductive film (7) covers each block arranged adjoining connection holes and blocks are connected serially with electrode layer through connection electrodes.    USE - For solar battery e.g. crystal silicon group solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Simplifies manufacture as crystal silicon is used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for integrated photoelectric conversion apparatus manufacturing method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view explaining manufacturing process of integrated photoelectric converter.    Substrate (1)    Electrode layer (4)    Electrode layer (6)    Electroconductive film (7)    Insulating film (13)
NOVELTY - For an optical band gap of 1.7 eV or more, the hydrogen concentration is 30%, Si-H2bonding amount is 50%, and concentration of alloy element is less than 1% in the amorphous silicon film.    USE -   For solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -    Since Si-H2bonding amount is 50%, the photoconductivity is high and the dark current property is low.
NOVELTY - Furnace black (I) has a hydrogen (H) content of over 4000 ppm, determined by CHN analysis, and peak integral ratio less than 1.22, determined by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) of unconjugated H atoms (1250-2000 cm-1) to aromatic and graphitic H atoms (1000-1250 cm-1 and 750-1000 cm-1).    USE - Furnace black (I) is used for producing electrocatalysts (claimed), which are useful in fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Injection of the liquid (oil) and gas at the same point, rather than at different points, gives carbon black with higher activity when used as carrier for electrocatalysts in fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the production of (I).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a carbon black reactor. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Carbon black reactor (1)    Combustion chamber (2)    Movable axial lance for injecting oil and gas (3)    Narrow section (4)    Reaction chamber (5)    Quenching water lance (6)
NOVELTY - A thermoplastic composition comprises a fully cured thermoplastic vulcanizate and electrically conducting solid fillers (5 - 75 wt.%).    USE - For bipolar plates, which are useful in fuel cells. In electrically conductive member that is useful as an electrical connector, electrical cable, a flooring member (all claimed), wire, in areas requiring minimal static electricity such as in manufacturing of computer chips and magnetic components. Also useful in other electrically conductive molded products.    ADVANTAGE - The composition is highly electrically conductive and has a volume resistivity below 10 power 8 (preferably 10 power 3, especially 1) ohm-cm, by achieving extremely high filler levels. The composition thus maintains good material toughness and excellent thermoplastic processability. The composition is inexpensive to make, easy to fabricate or mold, resists corrosion, and reduces the quantity of fillers needed to form the required conducting pathways. The flat planar member is easily processable, flexible and less prone to fracturing during break.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a bipolar plate comprising a flat planar member formed of a thermoplastic elastomer containing the thermoplastic composition; and    (2) an electrically conductive body comprising a member containing the thermoplastic composition.
NOVELTY - Tempering a processed material comprises arranging the processed material in the tempering chamber of the tempering container; and tempering the processed material with the production of the pressure gradients of the further gas atmosphere in the intermediate chamber between the tempering container and the tempering chamber.    USE - Used in the production of a photovoltaic thin film chalcopyrite absorber of a solar cell and/or solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process is reliable and safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for tempering a processed material comprising an energy source (5) for receiving an amount of energy by the processed material; a tempering container (11) with a tempering chamber (16) to store the processed material under the process gas atmosphere during tempering; a tempering chamber (13) in which the tempering container (11) is arranged so that an intermediate chamber (14) is present between the tempering container and tempering chamber; and a device (19) for producing a gas atmosphere (141) in the intermediate chamber that is different to that of the process gas atmosphere.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the tempering device.    energy source (5)    tempering container (11)    tempering chamber (13)    intermediate chamber (14)    tempering chamber (16)    device for producing a gas atmosphere (19)    gas atmosphere (141)
NOVELTY - Catalytic partial oxidation of heavy hydrocarbons involves passing a feed gas mixture through a catalytic structure in the absence of steam. The feed gas mixture comprises oxygen containing gas and sulfur containing heavy hydrocarbon fuel, and the catalytic structure comprises a noble metal supported on an open-channel support.    USE - The method is for catalytic partial oxidation of heavy hydrocarbon into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The produced hydrogen and carbon monoxide is useful as fuel to a solid oxide fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The method has stable operating conditions in the presence of sulfur, without deactivation of the catalyst. It provides very fast reaction rates, thus requiring small reactor volumes. It produces high yields of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Sulfur compounds are converted into hydrogen sulfide, which can be easily removed from the gaseous stream by existing clean up technology.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalytic partial oxidation of heavy hydrocarbons involves providing a feed gas mixture comprising oxygen containing gas and sulfur containing heavy hydrocarbon fuel, and a catalytic structure comprising a noble metal supported on an open-channel support. The feed mixture has an atomic carbon to atomic oxygen ratio of 0.5-1. The noble metal is present in an amount of 5-30 wt.%. The feed gas mixture is passed through the catalytic structure in the absence of steam. The catalytic structure is maintained at greater than 1050 degrees C to produce an exit gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Each of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide has a yield of at least 80%.
NOVELTY - Solar battery module is a sheet formed by laminating different organic polymer resin layers. On the laminate sheet which is a thermoplastic organic polymer resin where either of the adjoining 2 layers among the organic polymer resin layers are laminated by simultaneous film formation by co-extrusion, the optical light receiving surface side and/or reverse side to the optical light receiving surface side, is coated.    USE - Used as a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - The module has outstanding reliability to prolonged outdoor exposure. Peeling between covering layers is avoided.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the solar battery module.    Photovoltaic Cell (101)    Surface Sealing Materials Resin (102)    Surface Protecting Resin (103)    Back Side Sealing Material Resin (104)    Back Side Protection Resin (105)    Multilayer Laminate for Surface Sealing (106)    Multilayer Laminate for Back Side Sealing (107)
NOVELTY - Solar battery module has a photoelectric conversion layer and a transparent surface protection film laminated on the light incidence side of a photoelectric conversion layer. The transparent surface protection film comprises, in order from the light incidence side, a wavelength conversion layer, a transparent resin layer and an inorganic compound layer.    USE - Used as a solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE - It has excellent moisture and light resistance. Stable electricity generation is achieved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the manufacture of the module.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows a cross-section of the module.    Solar Battery (1)    Surface Protection Film (2)    Substrate (3)    Back Side Electrode Layer (4)    Photoelectric Conversion Layer (5)    Electrode Layer (6)    Collector Electrode (7)    Output Terminal (8)    Organic Resin (9)    Inorganic Layer (10)    Resin Layer (11)    Wavelength Conversion Layer (12)
NOVELTY - A hydrogen storage tank collects hydrogen released from a hydrogen occlusion alloy tank (3) when heated directly with waste gas of combustion burner (5) for air supply apparatus (6). The collected hydrogen and air supplied from air supply apparatus are supplied to fuel cell for electricity generation through a modifier (2a).    USE - For generating power of electric vehicles, domestic appliances, buildings.    ADVANTAGE - Avoids complicated apparatus. Shortening of starting time is achieved and also secures long operation time with reduced fuel supply.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The modifier performs reformation of the original fuel for producing hydrogen rich gas after collecting the generating hydrogen and air. Electricity generation is started, only when the hydrogen rich gas is supplied to fuel cell from modifier. Once hydrogen rich gas is output from modifier, hydrogen supply apparatus starts hydrogen generation by heating the hydrogen occlusion alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electric power generation system. (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Modifier (2a)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy tank (3)    Burner (5)    Air supplying unit (6)
NOVELTY - A fluid route is set up around a fuel cell (21) and modifier (22) for circulating pressurized air. A discharge port is built in fluid route suitably for circulating pressurized air between fuel cell and humidifier. Thus, exchange of heat between cell and modifier takes place for cooling fuel cell.    USE - Fuel cell for use with gas turbine in power generation plant.    ADVANTAGE - Fluid route is set-up around modifier and fuel cell for cooling them, thereby modifier is maintained at required temperature and delay in electrochemical reaction for power generation is reduced. Reduction of temperature of fuel cell and modifier, is performed even for low consumption of oxygen, by providing separate fluid path. Since cylindrical shape fluid route is used, exchange of the fuel cell is simplified and maintenance property of fuel cell is improved. Since fuel cell, compressor and modifier are arranged suitably, fuel cell is operated with application of usual gas turbine element. Since discharge air of compressor of high tension is cooled, and high compression power is reduced, cooling recovery heat for fuel pre-heat is used. Thus power generation efficiency is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A highly pressurized liquid air is supplied from tank (11). A modifier (22) collects high density oxygen gas by vaporizing the liquid air using booster pump (12). The reformed gas is supplied to fuel cell for generation of electricity through electrochemical reaction. A starting combustor (23) is employed for burning exhaust gas of fuel cell with the fuel. The modifier is thus heated. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for power generation plant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the systematic diagram of power generation plant. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Tank (11)    Pump (12)    Fuel cell (21)    Modifier (22)    Combustor (23)
NOVELTY - Electricity generation film (10) with several projections having holes are laminated alternatively with attachment layer (20) having holes (21,22). Through the holes of upper and lower attachment layers, oxidizing agent or heating gas is supplied on both directions. The hole of attachment layer aligns with hole on projection of film.    USE - Flat plate type electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since gas supply is made from both directions, uniform temperature of each electricity generation film maintained easily. So thermal stress and strain of film is reduced providing compact structure.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows disassembled isometric view of flat plate electrolyte fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Electricity generation film (10)    Attachment layer (20)    Holes (21,22)
NOVELTY - The method involves mixing a component containing graphite powder and resin for molding, uniformly. After molding a tablet, the actual molding is carried out at a temperature and pressure, higher than the temperature and pressure maintained during the tablet molding.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Dimensional accuracy of the separator is good and it does not possess any irregularities. Separator characteristics such as electrical property, mechanical strength, gas impermeability and liquid swelling property are excellent.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) Fuel cell;    (b) Manufacture of fuel cell
NOVELTY - A silicon ingot (20) is pinched between disk-shaped file (1) and a metal plate. A voltage is generated due to contact of file, and the ingot. The physical property of the ingot is distinguished, based on current flowing direction of the generated voltage. The characteristics of ingot are distinguished, based on the magnitude of the current.    USE - For distinguishing silicon ingot for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Improves efficiency of determination of the physical property and electrical characteristics of the ingot.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for silicon ingot discrimination apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of silicon ingot discrimination apparatus.    File (1)    Silicon ingot (20)
NOVELTY - Fuel modifier has modification catalyst layer containing mixture of liquid hydrocarbon (methane, (m)ethanol and gasoline) and water. The mixture is vaporized by passing heating gas to form reformed gas by water vapor modification and partial oxidation. The amount of oxidizing gas and/or heating gas are changed based on change in modifier output so as to inhibit temperature fluctuation of catalyst layer.    USE - For formation of hydrogen-rich reformed gas.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst life is improved. The temperature fluctuation of catalyst layer due to the change of load in fuel modifier is inhibited.
NOVELTY - A field heating gas vaporizes original fuel which is a mixture of water and liquid hydrocarbons, such as methane, methanol, ethanol and gasoline, to form a hydrogen-rich reformed gas. The reformed gas is obtained by water vapor modification and partial oxidation modification reactions. One or more parts of the catalyst layer except the heating gas inlet side, is cooled with air for partial oxidation.    USE - For fuel cell power generation device and chemical processing plants.    ADVANTAGE - Rate of modification of fuel is improved. Size of the evaporator is reduced.
NOVELTY - The solar battery (1) has an electrode (30) and pigment bonded electrode (10) arranged oppositely and electrolyte material (5) between electrodes. The electrode (10) has oxide semiconductor film (4) and organic coloring matter film (7) formed in order on porous transparent electroconductive layer (22).    USE - As solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The internal resistance of electrode side containing pigment is reduced. The solar battery imparts a practical electric current to voltage curve.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of solar battery.    Solar battery (1)    Oxide semiconductor film (4)    Electrolyte material (5)    Organic coloring matter film (7)    Pigment bonded electrode (10)    Transparent electroconductive layer (22)    Electrode (30)
NOVELTY - The pigment sensitization type solar battery contains an electrolytic solution layer arranged between a pigment sensitization type photo semiconductor electrode and a counter electrode. Inert gas is present in the electrolytic solution layer.    USE - For calculators.    ADVANTAGE - Has excellent transformation efficiency. Sustained performance stabilized for a long period of time is attained.
NOVELTY - The oxide semiconductor electrode (1) comprises an electroconductive substrate (10) with a porous oxide semiconductor layer (12). The layer (12) contains metallic oxide hollow particles (20).    USE - For pigment sensitized type solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - Diffusion and adsorption of pigment and charge transport phase are easily and fully performed. The solar battery is efficiently used.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for pigment sensitized type solar battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of oxide semiconductor electrode.    Oxide semiconductor electrode (1)    Electroconductive substrate (10)    Porous oxide semiconductor layer (12)    Metallic oxide hollow particles (20)
NOVELTY - The storage battery (4) is provided between cylindrical winding core (2). The controller regulates charging and discharging of battery. The flexible photoelectric conversion sheet which is provided near winding core, has its light receiving surface near lateral surface side of winding core.    USE - Solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since photoelectric conversion sheet and storage battery are used, solar power is utilized. As a result, occurrence of environmental pollution is prevented. Since light receiving surface of photoelectric conversion sheet is provided near lateral surface side of winding core, degradation of optoelectric transducer due to enlargement of photoelectric conversion is restrained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the cross-sectional view of solar battery. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylindrical winding core (2)    Storage battery (4)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell apparatus (10) comprises heating gas supply system (1) in connection with gas supply regulation valve (2), fuel cell main body (3) for generating supplementary electric energy depending on opening of valve (2), in connection with main power supply unit (20) and control unit (22) for controlling (3) such that electric energy from (20) does not exceed a predefined amount.    USE - Electric power stations.    ADVANTAGE - Overloading of main power supply unit is prevented by suitable control of electric power supply by control unit. The electricity generation efficiency by the power station is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Opening of valve (2) is controlled based on amount of electric power used.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell electric power distribution system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the fuel cell apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Heating gas supply system (1)    Gas supply regulation valve (2)    Fuel cell main body (3)    Fuel cell apparatus (10)    Main power supply unit (20)    Control unit (22)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell comprises separator board (1), separator main surface (31), separator electrode support part (32), oxidizing agent supply and discharge ports (24,25), and oxidizing agent flow path. The oxidizing agent flow path is divided into several flow paths (33a-o). The fuel cell has ridges (34a-c) between parallel flow paths (33a-o). The ridges are orthogonal to the flow path of oxidizing agent.    USE - Electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell having high mechanical strength is operated smoothly. Elimination of water from the fuel cell is easy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows top view of oxidizing agent flow path surface of separator board (includes non-English text).    Separator board (1)    Supply port (24)    Discharge port (25)    Separator main surface (31)    Separator electrode support part (32)    Oxidizing agent flow paths (33a-o)    Ridges (34a-c)
NOVELTY - The separator (30) has a base material (10) with a corrosion-resistant film (11) formed partially on its surface. A pinhole (12) in the film is then sealed.    USE - Fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has excellent corrosion resistance and durability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) separator manufacture; and    (b) fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the section of a separator.    Base material (10)    Corrosion-resistant film (11)    Pinhole (12)    Separator (30)
NOVELTY - The separator (4) which separates cathode and anode gas, has flow path for anode or cathode gas on at least one surface. The separator consists of amorphous carbon which is obtained by carrying out carbonization-baking of phenol resin which is synthesized by suspension polymerization.    USE - Fuel cells used as power generating device.    ADVANTAGE - The separator has high strength, excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance and gas non-permeability. Manufacture of separator is simple and does not require post processes like cutting. The separator and the fuel cell is lightweight, durable and reliable. The separator is manufactured with high productivity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of the separator.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective view of fuel cells.    Separator (4)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electricity generation system has fuel cell (1), hot water storage tank (2) which uses exhaust heat generated from fuel cell and an electric heater (21) which utilizes dump power of fuel cell for heating water in storage tank.    USE - Electrical appliances such as heaters.    ADVANTAGE - The power consumption by fuel cell is lesser than amount of electricity generation. Head-tide flow to main electric power does not occur as dump power is effectively utilized so separate apparatus for preventing head-tide flow is not required. The amount of electricity generation is made to a fixed value and dump power can be effectively utilized for heating purposes so securing easy control of fuel cell. The electricity generation by the fuel cell system is effective and economical.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel cell electricity generation system. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell (1)    Hot water storage tank (2)    Main power supply (6)    Electric heater (21)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell system (2) for generating electricity at residence comprises fuel cell which is installed to attic (A) or behind ceiling of the residence. High purity hydrogen obtained by steam reforming of hydrocarbon using modifier is supplied to the fuel cell to generate electricity.    USE - Generating electricity used at residence.    ADVANTAGE - Large installation space for the fuel cell system is eliminated and the fuel cell system is installed in a small space i.e. unusable space of the residence. Hydrogen exhausted during electricity generation is ejected efficiently.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows section of the fuel cell system.    Fuel cell system (2)    Attic (A)
NOVELTY - The electrode catalyst comprises platinum and a metallic element chosen out of Ru, Os and Ir. At least one metallic element chosen from MO, Nb, W, Re, Cr, Ta and Rh is contained to improve the CO resistant property.    USE - For fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The novel electrode catalyst has favorable CO resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the CO resistant improving metallic element selection method.
NOVELTY - The fuel cell has a fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene film as cation exchange membrane. Tearing strength of the film in the direction of high strength is less than double the tearing strength in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the film has high strength.    USE - The fuel cell is used as a power source for motor vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The cation exchange membrane has high tearing strength and low electrical resistance. Electrical resistance of the membrane can be reduced further by maintaining high strength, thereby raising the output characteristics and durability of the solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The polytetrafluoroethylene film comprises polytetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro carbon polymer which has a sulfonic acid group.
NOVELTY - The electrode rods (4,5) are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, into discharge space (2) of the deposition film formation reactor (1). The strip shaped base material (3) moves continuously through the reactor. Raw material gas is introduced into discharge space. Electric power is supplied to electrodes at same frequency, so as to maintain glow discharge to form deposition film on the base material.    USE - Semiconductor film formation using plasma chemical vapor deposition method is used for photovoltaic cell etc.    ADVANTAGE - The uniformity of the various characteristics of the deposition film formed on base surface, especially the uniformity in movement of the base material along the right-angled direction is improved. The photovoltaic cell of high efficiency is created with high yield. The formation of uniform plasma is attained more in large area. The method is suitable for mass production of semiconductor film.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Deposition film forming method involves superimposing electric power of DC voltage or different frequency on electrodes of same shape and material. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for deposition film formation apparatus which has deposition film formation reactor with discharge space into which electrodes are introduced. The raw material gas is introduced into the discharge space through the raw material gas inlet which is opposing the deposition film formation reactor.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows electrode configuration of deposition film forming apparatus.    Deposition film formation reactor (1)    Discharge space (2)    Base material (3)    Electrode rods (4,5)
NOVELTY - Metal plate has heat-shrinking rate of 0-2% at 200 degrees C. Reduction in mass% of the heat resistance adhesive layer placed between heat resistant-resin-films at 200 degrees C for 5 hours is less than 2% and moisture absorption when left for 24 hours at 50 degrees C and at humidity of 75% is 1-2%. A heat resistance resin film is formed on corrugated rough surface having pitch of 5-150 microns and height of 0.3 or more.    USE - For amorphous silicon thin-film solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has sufficient electric insulation, closing-light effect, strength, workability and can withstand at high temperature during semiconductor film formation and hence electricity generating efficiency of the substrate is improved.
NOVELTY - Reactor comprises a reactor unit (1) into which the material to be converted and an oxygen-containing gas are introduced; and a heat exchanger (5) with a product stream path for passing the product stream through. The heat exchanger contains a unit for selective oxygen removal from the oxygen-containing crude gas which is in heat contact with the product gas stream and is connected to the reactor unit.    USE - For converting a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative, especially for hydrogen recovery in a fuel cell system of a vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - The reactor is compact.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The reactor further comprises a compressor (13) for compressing the oxygen-containing crude gas before injecting into the oxygen removal unit of the heat exchanger; and an expanding unit (18) mechanically coupled to the compressor for the retentate of the oxygen removal unit and/or the cathode waste gas of a coupled fuel cell system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the reactor.    reactor unit (1)    heat exchanger (5)    compressor (13)    expanding unit (18)
NOVELTY - Production of a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned synthetic gas comprises carrying out pyrolysis and/or vapor reforming of a carbon-containing material in the presence of an exothermic CO2-binding adsorber material so that carbon dioxide formed is removed from the product gas produced completely or controlled partially by the adsorber material, and regenerating the adsorber material periodically using a thermal desorption reaction with the release of CO2.    USE - For a fuel cell system in vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The process is economical.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for producing a gas deficient in carbon dioxide and rich in hydrogen or a conditioned gas comprising a pyrolysis and/or vapor reformer unit and a device for the periodic thermal desorption of the adsorber material with the release of CO2.
NOVELTY - Operation of fuel cell involves introducing hydrogen produced on the anode side by hydrogen reforming to the fuel cell anode (1); reacting with oxygen-containing ions; withdrawing an anode waste gas produced and adding to the hydrogen introduced. The anode waste gas is subjected to a catalytic conversion and/or a purification during recycling.    USE - For operating a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - A good throughput and high selectivity is guaranteed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an apparatus for operating a fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a block diagram of the fuel cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text)    anode (1)    hydrogen line (2)
NOVELTY - Vaporizing or quenching a liquid involves passing a mixture of the liquid and a gas through a vaporizer unit (1) made of tubes (2, 4, 6) inserted into each other. The mixture is initially passed through the central inner tube (2) and then through the annular gaps (3, 5) formed by neighboring tubes up to the outermost gap before leaving the vaporizer unit.    USE - In mobile PEM fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Low heat losses are produced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the vaporizer unit.    vaporizer unit (1)    tubes (2, 4, 6)    annular gaps (3, 5)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system has a fuel cell to electrochemically react a hydrogen-rich stream with oxygen and produce electricity.    USE - Used as a PEM fuel cell system.    ADVANTAGE - The size and amount of catalyst used is reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell system has a fuel cell to electrochemically react a hydrogen-rich stream with oxygen and produce electricity. The hydrogen-rich stream has a first concentration of carbon monoxide which can be tolerated by the cell and is fed to a first reactor to produce a hydrogen-rich fuel stream with a second concentration of carbon monoxide which is larger than the first and then fed to a water-gas shift reactor between a catalytic reactor and the fuel cell to reduce the second concentration to a third concentration of carbon monoxide which is close to the concentration of the first. The water-gas shift reactor has an inlet end and an outlet end, a first catalyst bed close to the inlet end and a second catalyst bed near to the outlet end. The second catalyst bed flows below the first catalyst bed to receive the current with a CO concentration of less than 2 vol.%. An oxygen feeding device introduces oxygen into the second catalyst bed during normal operating mode to react the oxygen with the carbon monoxide in the second bed and consume the carbon monoxide in the second bed.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for reducing the amount of catalyst required for the water-gas shift reaction.
NOVELTY - Process for tempering a processed material comprises arranging a tempering unit with the processed material and a further tempering unit with further processed material in a stack; and tempering the processed material and the further processed material.    USE - For production of a photovoltaic thin film chalcopyrite absorber of a solar cell and/or solar cell module (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The process is reliable and safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for tempering a processed material comprising a device (11) for producing a gas atmosphere; a tempering unit (3) with an energy source (32) for producing electromagnetic radiation (34); and a tempering unit (4) with a further energy source (42) for producing further electromagnetic radiation (44). The tempering units (3, 4) are arranged in a stack (2) so the processed material is arranged in a determined direction of the stack between the energy source and the further energy source (42) and the further energy source arranged between the processed material (33) and the further processed material (43).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the tempering device.    stack (2)    tempering units (3, 4)    device (11)    energy source (32)    processed material (33)    further energy source (42)    further processed material (43)
NOVELTY - Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a hydrogen ion-conductive polymer electrolyte film, a pair of electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte film, a conductive separator plate having a gas passage for supplying fuel to one electrode, and a conductive separator plate having a gas passage for supplying oxidizing agent to the other electrode.    USE - Used in portable electric sources, power sources for electrical vehicles and domestic co-generation systems.    ADVANTAGE - Corrosion of the metallic plate is suppressed and the degradation of the power generation efficiency after long use is suppressed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The conductive separator plates comprise metal plate on which a conductive film containing conductive particles and glass is formed on the surface having the passage.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a component of the fuel cell.    Electrolyte Film-Electrode Assembly (10)    Polymer Electrolyte Film (11)    Anode (12)    Cathode (13)    Gaskets (14,15)    Metal Mesh (16)    Gasket (17)    Anode Side Separator (21)    Rib (23)    Groove (23')    Insulating Sheet (27)    Rib (33)    Grooves (33')    Sheet (37)
NOVELTY - Each electrode of the fuel cell has a catalyst layer in contact with a hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolytic film and a gas-diffusing layer provided on the catalyst layer.    USE - Production of a polymer electrolytic fuel cell where the hydrogen ion conductivity in the catalyst layer is varied in the direction of the thickness of the catalyst layer.    ADVANTAGE - Smooth migration of hydrogen ions and electrons in the catalyst layer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In order to smooth the migration of hydrogen ions and electrons in the catalyst layer, it is effective to vary the mixture ratio of the catalyst particles to the hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolyte in the direction of the thickness of the catalyst layer. However conventionally, it is very difficult practically to vary stepwise the structure of the catalyst layer by screen printing or by transfer. According to the invention, catalyst-layer-forming inks, with different mixture ratios of catalyst particles to the hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolyte, are applied to the gas-diffusing layer and the hydrogen-ion-conductive polymer electrolytic film.
NOVELTY - Fuel cell is formed by arranging a film-electrode joined body (I) by laminating a polymer electrolyte film, catalyst layer and a reaction electrode layer between a pair of electrodes, and laminating a number of unit cells. Gaskets are adhered to the inner surfaces of the separators or outer surfaces of the gasket surfaces to ensure the required sealability.    USE - Used as a fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Drying is prevented by steam heat generation in the polymer electrolyte. A stabilized electricity generation effect is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Fuel cell is formed by arranging a film-electrode joined body (I) by laminating a polymer electrolyte film, catalyst layer and a reaction electrode layer between a pair of electrodes, and laminating a number of unit cells. (I) has a predetermined thickness, and a spacer sheet is sandwiched from both sides between a pair of elastic resin gasket sheets opposed to each other, and held. Gaskets made of a rubber cured material are formed integrally on the outer surfaces of the gasket sheets or inner surfaces of the separators. The gaskets are adhered to the inner surfaces of the separators or outer surfaces of the gasket surfaces to ensure the required sealability.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the unit cell of the fuel cell.    Unit Cell (1)    Separators (2, 3)    Inner Surfaces (2a, 3a)    Reaction Electrode Layer (4, 4')    Polymer Electrolyte (5)    Member in Electrolyte (5')    Spacer Sheet (5a)    Gasket Sheets (6, 7)    Sandwiched Parts (6', 7')    Gaskets (8, 9)
NOVELTY - Evaporator has evaporation chamber (1) for performing evaporation of liquid, heating chamber (2) flowing with heating medium, separator (3) dividing the evaporation and heating chambers, wick (12) (having liquid transfer property by capillary force), adhered to separator in evaporation chamber and evaporation liquid supply pipe (5) connected to the wick.    USE - For solid polymeric type fuel cell such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEFC).    ADVANTAGE - The size reduction of evaporator is attained, due to spreading of evaporation surface by the wick. Evaporation of liquid is performed stably, as the liquid level of evaporation liquid is maintained without fluctuation, by the wick. Evaporator has prolonged life, due to minimization of thermal stress generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of evaporator.    Evaporation chamber (1)    Heating chamber (2)    Separator (3)    Evaporation liquid supply pipe (5)    Vapor flow path (6)    Mist capture material (9)    Fin (11)    Wick (12)    Liquid part material arrangement (13)
NOVELTY - An optoelectric conversion element is formed by laying up an electrode layer, a first optoelectric conversion layer, an conductive layer, and a counter electrode layer in that order. The conductive layer consists of an organic polysilane.    USE - The method produces the optoelectric conversion element used for the solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - The use of the organic polysilane for the conductive layer exhibits high mechanical strength and eliminates the need for an electrolytic solution. The resulting optoelectric conversion element has no liquid leakage, and has long-term stability and high reliability.
NOVELTY - Vaporizer has cylinder filled with liquid fuel such as field fuel, heat exchanger (HE) and introduction line (3) provided between cylinder and HE, for producing liquid fuel pressure loss. HE provides necessary vaporization energy to liquid fuel, supplied from cylinder, and vaporizes liquid fuel. Vaporizer supplies vaporized fuel to reformer, for reforming original fuel to form hydrogen rich reformed gas.    USE - For reformer of fuel cell (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The liquid fuel is vaporized easily and efficiently. Clogging of liquid fuel is prevented. The function of fuel cell is not affected. Usage of heat by fuel cell system is increased.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the outline of vaporizer for reformer of fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Cylinder (1)    Heat exchanger (2)    Introduction line (3)
NOVELTY - Fuel reformer has reaction chamber (RC) and burner (3) for heating RC. Catalyst layer (CL) (4) for reforming hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich fuel is formed in RC. Porous vapor generation layer (VL) is formed on upper stream side of fuel flow from CL. Hydrocarbon fuel and water are introduced into RC, permeated via VL and fuel is reformed by CL using water vapor, formed by utilizing heat from burner.    USE - For fuel cell system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The pipe line and fuel cell system assembly can be simplified, as there is no need for external steam generator, due to generation of water vapor inside the fuel reformer.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell system, which comprises fuel reformer (1) for reforming hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen rich fuel for fuel cell. The fuel cell generates electricity by utilizing reformed fuel obtained from fuel reformer and oxidizing agent.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional drawing of fuel modifier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel reformer (1)    Burner (3)    Catalyst layer (4)    Vapor generation layer (5)    Reaction chamber (19)    Rod-shaped member (31)
NOVELTY - Hydrogen (H2) supply apparatus has a container (1) provided with an occlusion-release (OR) chamber (2) and a H2 gas header (3) filled with H2 occlusion alloy powder (HOAP) (5). A heat exchanging tube (4) fixed with radiation fins (7) is arranged inside OR chamber. Gap between intermediation tube and fins is filled with HOAP. H2 OR pipe (6) which connects header and OR chamber, performs OR of H2.    USE - For hydrogen carriage, hydrogen engines and fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Stable operation of fuel cells is enabled when the hydrogen supply apparatus is used. The initiation and high output drive of the fuel cell are improved effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hydrogen supply apparatus, which carries out occlusion and release of hydrogen, comprises a container provided with an occlusion-release chamber and a hydrogen gas header filled with HOAP. A harmonica tube-like heat exchanging tube fixed with several radiation fins (arranged in the shape of comb) is arranged in a zigzag manner inside the occlusion-release chamber. The gap between the intermediation tube and the radiation fin is filled with HOAP. The hydrogen occlusion-release pipe which connects the hydrogen gas header and occlusion-release chamber performs occlusion-release of hydrogen.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a sectional diagram of the hydrogen generator.    Container (1)    Occlusion-release chamber (2)    Hydrogen gas header (3)    Heat exchanging tube (4)    Hydrogen occlusion alloy powder (5)    Porous hydrogen occlusion-release pipe (6)    Radiation fins (7)
NOVELTY - Production of a semiconductor component comprises forming a first semiconductor layer (4) on a substrate (1); producing a second semiconductor layer on the first semiconductor layer; and removing the second semiconductor layer with predetermined pattern by laser abrasion until the first layer is exposed to form an electrode pattern.    USE - Used in the production of a solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process is simple and energy consumption is low.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The substrate is made of single crystalline silicon. The first semiconductor layer is produced by joining a porous layer (2) to the substrate. The first semiconductor layer is produced as a p-semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer as an n-semiconductor layer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a side view of the semiconductor component.    substrate (1)    first semiconductor layer (4)
NOVELTY - Apparatus for treating a medium in a fuel cell system comprises a reactor (1) with a catalyst-containing region between a first partial chamber (2) of the reactor and a second partial chamber (3) of the reactor. The catalyst-containing region is arranged in the flow path of the medium. The first partial chamber is surrounded by the second partial chamber. The catalyst-containing region is arranged between the first inner partial chamber and the second outer partial chamber. The boundary wall (6) is formed by a fleece provided with a catalyst material.    USE - Used in the catalytic burner for cleaning exhaust gases, in a CO oxidation stage for the selective CO removal in a hydrogen-containing gas mixture stream, in a reformer for reforming a hydrogen-containing medium (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The apparatus is compact, space-saving and simple.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The inner partial chamber and the outer partial chamber are formed by two coaxially arranged pipes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the apparatus.    reactor (1)    first partial chamber (2)    second partial chamber (3)    boundary wall (6)
NOVELTY - At least one of the first separator and the second separator comprises a metal base material and a conductive resin layer provided on the metal base material and contacting to the electrolyte-electrode assembly. The conductive resin layer comprises a resin having water repelling and basic groups and conductive particulate material.    USE - The fuel cell is used as a generator for domestic co-generator systems and moving bodies.    ADVANTAGE - The conductive separator has a strong corrosion resistance against long-time exposure to high humidity gas and contact resistance with the electrolyte-electrode assembly is not increased. Manufacture costs are reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprises an electrolyte-electrode assembly comprising a polymer electrolyte film and a pair of gas diffusion electrodes sandwiching the electrolyte film, a first conductive separator which has a gas flow path for supplying oxidising gas to one side of a pair of gas diffusion electrodes, and a second conductive separator having a gas flow path for supplying fuel gas to the other side of a pair of gas diffusion electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Figure 1 shows the contact member of the separator and gas diffusion electrode.    Stainless Steel Plate (1)    Conductive Resin Layer (2)    Conductive Particles (3)    Carbon Paper of Gas Diffusion Electrode (4)    Carbon Fibres (5)    Interface of Carbon paper and Resin Layer (6)    Water (7)    Pinholes (8)
NOVELTY - The sheet comprises a laminate (3) of weather-proof backing layer (1) and reinforced fiber content resin layer (2). A vapor deposition film of inorganic oxide (4), is provided to the surface of backing layer.    USE - As protective sheet for solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - The sheet has excellent strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, light resistance, water resistance, wind-pressure resistance and chemical resistance. Damp-proofing, stain repellent property and stab resistance are improved. Performance degradation is restrained to minimum extent and the sheet has excellent durability and protection property. The sheet is inexpensive and safe.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the solar battery module using the protective sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of the protection sheet laminate.    Backing layer (1)    reinforced fiber content resin layer (2)    Laminate (3)    Vapor deposition film of inorganic oxide (4)
NOVELTY - Iron is deposited by sputtering using krypton or xenon gas (16) on heated silicon substrate (1). The deposited iron reacts with silicon of the substrate and forms beta-iron silicide thin film (17).    USE - For forming metal silicide thin film such as beta-iron silicide thin film, useful as electrode material and useful in solar batteries and light emission devices.    ADVANTAGE - The reaction of iron and silicon is accelerated as dissociation of silicon-silicon bonding in the substrate, is enhanced. The beta-iron silicide epitaxial layer of high quality, can be formed on the silicon substrate. Formation of double heterostructure of the type silicon/beta-iron silicide/silicon, is secured.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows outline of apparatus used for forming beta-iron silicide film. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Silicon substrate (1)    Iron target (8)    Silicon target (9)    Xenon gas (16)    beta-iron silicide film (17)
NOVELTY - Drum electrodes (6a-6c) are arranged in the substrate transfer line, so that conveyed substrate is made to contact the periphery of electrodes. The electrodes are rotated to contact the surface of the substrate (2). Reactant gas is supplied between the electrodes and substrate. The plasma is generated by application of high frequency signal to electrodes. The film is formed on substrate continuously.    USE - For formation of power generation layer for solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Facilitates high speed film formation. Improves film forming efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for plasma chemical vapor deposition film production apparatus.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block sectional drawing of film forming apparatus (The drawing includes non-English language text).    Substrate (2)    Drum electrodes (6a-6c)
NOVELTY - Reactant gas is supplied between electrodes (5) and a substrate (3) heated by main heaters (2) and radical heater (4). Plasma is generated by supplying high frequency to electrodes. Characteristics of generated plasma is obtained from power supplied to substrate heater. Feedback of power supplied to electrodes is controlled based on plasma characteristics to obtain uniform plasma density distribution.    USE - For manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Speed of forming a film on substrate is controlled and influence of the heater, on film forming speed is prevented, enabling production of solar cell with stable film quality.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the circuit diagram of plasma CVD apparatus. (The drawing includes non-English language text.)    heaters (2,4)    substrate (3)    electrodes (5)
NOVELTY - The high frequency electric power is supplied to each of the terminals (8a-8c) through respective impedance converters (9a-9c) from a power divider (10). A controller (13) is provided to perform feedback control of power divider and control is also provided to RF monitor (12) to obtain plasma field strength during plasma formation. Uniform plasma density distribution is then provided for film production.    USE - Manufacturing solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Since uniform plasma density distribution is maintained, film having uniform film thickness is formed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the circuit block diagram of plasma CVD apparatus.    Terminals (8a-8c)    Converters (9a-9c)    Power divider (10)    RF monitor (12)    Controller (13)
NOVELTY - The heat resistant board consists of a laminated polyimide resin with both sides of a plastic film dispersed with insulating microparticles.    USE - For photoelectric conversion devices like solar battery, photosensor and optical switch.    ADVANTAGE - Excels in flexibility, heat resistance, chemical resistance and electrical insulation. Avoids generation of curvature in the heat resistant board. Enables easy handling due to lightweight. Reduces production cost due to improved productivity. Ensures high photoelectric conversion efficiency when used in solar batteries.
NOVELTY - Semiconductor fine particles adsorbed with specific methine dyes having indolenine basic rings are claimed.    USE - For dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells including solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - A higher photo-electric conversion efficiency can be obtained, e.g., 52 % of IPCE at 460 nm.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The semiconductor fine particles are adsorbed with methine dyes having indolenine basic rings of formula (I), (II), or (III).    R11 to R14, R21 to R24, R31 to R34 = H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, or aryl;    R15, R25, R35 = H, alkyl, or aryl;    L11, L31 = methine chain consisting of odd number of methine groups;    L21 = methine chain consisting of even number of methine groups;    Bo = basic onium ring;    Ak = keto type acidic ring;    Y31 = =O, =S, or =CRaRb;    Ra, Rb = cyano, carboxyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, or arylsulfonyl.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a photo-electric transducer material comprising a photosensitive layer containing the semiconductor fine particles and an electrical conductive supporting material.
NOVELTY - A nitride silicon film (2) and a silicon oxide film (4) are interposed in between an alumina ceramic substrate (3) and a silicon layer (1). The films (2,4) controls the film thickness of the silicon layer (1).    USE -   For ceramic substrate type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE -   As a nitride silicon film and silicon oxide film are interposed, the transmittance about the incidence of light to the diagonal direction in optical closing depth of solar battery is increased. Efficient slight depth of light within silicon layer is materialized. Raises energy conservation efficiency. As the thickness of silicon layer is reduced, consumption of silicon raw material is reduced. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the layer thickness controlling structure for ceramic substrate type solar battery. (1) Silicon layer; (2) Nitride silicon film; (3) Alumina ceramic substrates; (4) Silicon oxide film.
NOVELTY - The solar battery module (1) has a solar battery cell (5) which is arranged on metallic heat sink via an insulating sheet (3). A through-hole (4) is formed on sheet. A thermally conductive and electrically insulated adhesive agent (6) filled in through-hole bonds the solar battery cell and the heat sink. The thermal conductivity of agent is higher than that of insulating sheet.    USE -   For connecting solar battery cell-heat sink in solar battery module.    ADVANTAGE -   Improves efficiency of assembly operation by avoiding need for highly accurate application of adhesive agent and by exhibiting heat release effect and hence facilitates precision mounting of solar battery cell. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of solar battery module. (1) Solar battery module; (2) Conductivity; (3) Insulating sheet; (4) Through hole; (5) Battery cell; (6) Adhesive agent.
NOVELTY - Apparatus for heating and reaction at least one medium, especially vaporizer, reactor and/or heat exchanger with stacked layers of compressed catalyst material, has means of dividing the stack into a number of functional zones.    USE - For gas generating systems for fuel cell systems containing various components operating at different temperature levels and in a given sequence, especially in mobile systems, such as fuel cell vehicles, e.g. for hydrogen generation from methanol and water.    ADVANTAGE - The stack has a high degree of integration and the low total mass of the hot zone reduces the energy needed for cold starting. The compact form of the hot zone facilitates thermal insulation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic side view, partly cut-out, of one form of the apparatus.    Bottom end plate (1)    Top end plate (2)    Functional unit (3)    Functional layers (3a)    Tie rod system (5)    Insulating plates (6)    Educt ducts (20, 21)    Product duct (22)
NOVELTY - Periodic reactivation of catalyst material (I) containing copper, comprises treating with a gas stream (II) containing oxygen. Treatment is carried out intermittently at the reactor operating temperature (Tr), with intervening cooling phases, and stopped at the latest when the monitored temperature of (I) exceeds a maximum at a predeterminable tolerance value above Tr.    USE - Catalyst (I) is useful e.g. in reactors for producing hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles by partial oxidation of methanol etc. and/or steam reforming.    ADVANTAGE - The process allows relatively simple and effective reactivation of (I) during normal operation, making it especially suitable for mobile use, e.g. in fuel cell vehicles, without significantly impairing the drive.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - In periodic reactivation of catalyst material (I) containing copper, which is used in catalytic oxidation and/or reforming of a hydrocarbon (derivative) charge and gradually deactivated by reaction, treatment with a gas stream (II) containing oxygen is carried out intermittently at the reactor operating temperature, at intervals separated by cooling phases, and stopped at the latest when the monitored temperature of (I) exceeds a maximum value at a predeterminable tolerance value above the operating temperature.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for periodic reactivation of (I), especially in this way, in which : (a) ; (b)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell has several reaction chambers separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane with electrical conductors (11a, 11b) arranged in the chambers. The cell is formed from a bundle of hollow fibers (10), especially capillary hollow fibers. The electrical conductors of the same polarity are provided inside and outside of the hollow fibers and are connected to each other forming an anode and a cathode of the cell.    USE - Producing electrical energy by the direct conversion of chemical energy from oxidation processes.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has a simple structure and has a high power density.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The hollow fibers are preferably coated on both sides with an adsorptive catalyst material, preferably platinum or a platinum alloy with ruthenium, tin and nickel.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a perspective view of the fuel cell.    Hollow fibers (10)    Electrical conductors (11a, 11b)
NOVELTY - Ion-conducting polymer membrane for a fuel cell is made of a fluorinated hydrocarbon with an additional metal-containing gel hydrolyzed and/or condensed from metal alkoxide starting material which is embedded in the polymer and/or chemically bound with the polymer. The metal alkoxide content is 10-1%.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The membrane has high mechanical stability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a process for the production of the polymer membrane, comprising mixing a solution of fluorinated hydrocarbons with a metal alkoxide, applying on a intermediate carrier, removing the membrane formed on the carrier and treating at a temperature of room temperature to 150 degrees C to form the ion-conducting properties of the polymer. The metal alkoxide content is 10-1 wt.%.
NOVELTY - Hydrogen manufacture comprises gasification which gasifies a first combustible, and gas treatment which produces hydrogen by refining the raw gas produced by the gasification. A reforming process is provided by mixing a second combustible in the raw gas produced by the gasification and reforming the second combustible. The obtained reformed gas is introduced to the gas treatment process.    USE - Used to produce hydrogen for use in electric power generation using a fuel cell. Wastes such as rubber, solid fuel, slurry fuel, paper, waste plastics, waste FRP, biomass waste, vehicle waste, waste wood, low quality petroleum etc. can be used.    ADVANTAGE - Chemical energy can be converted to electrical energy with high efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a fuel cell electricity generating method by gasifying combustibles by supplying the manufactured hydrogen gas to a fuel cell electricity generating process;    (2) a hydrogen manufacture device comprising a gasification furnace, a gas treatment device and a reforming device; and    (3) a fuel cell electricity generating system.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the hydrogen production method and the fuel cell electricity generation method (drawing contains non-English language text).    Gasification Step (A)    Modification Step (B)    Gas Treatment Step (C)    Fuel Cell Power Generation Step (D)    First Combustible (a)    Gasifying Agent (b)    Formed Gas (c)    Noncombustible (d)    Second Combustible (e)    Modified Gas (f)    Pure Hydrogen (g)    Hydrogen-Containing Gas (h)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electricity generator (10) has an operating apparatus (30) which is operated using the energy of fuel cell (20). The generator controls fuel cell or operating apparatus based on information of fuel cell and/or operating apparatus.    USE - Electrical appliances such as heater.    ADVANTAGE - The structure of electricity generator is simple and inexpensive. The amount of electricity generated is fixed so control of fuel cell is easy. Stable electricity generation is performed efficiently with balanced power consumption of operating apparatus. Even when the heat storage amount of thermal storage apparatus exceeds, the electricity generation of fuel cell is continued and the exhausted heat of fuel cell is recovered reliably.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electricity generator. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell electricity generator system (10)    Fuel cell (20)    Operating apparatus (30)
NOVELTY - Film forming gas is provided in the gap (80) formed between the board (1) and rear portion (21a) of high voltage electrode. A heat shield unit (27) is arranged with respect to sealant (91) and is electrically connected to electrode (21). The partition (92) equipped with exhaust block (90) and evacuation opening (73), controls the gas conduction.    USE - E.g. solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Productivity is increased by high temperature and reduction of width dimension.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the components of the thin film optoelectric transducer manufacturing apparatus. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Board (1)    Electrode (21)    Rear portion (21a)    Heat shield unit (27)    Evacuation opening (73)    Gap (80)    Exhaust block (90)    Sealant (91)    Partition (92)
NOVELTY - The method involves adding a reduction catalyst to a tetravalent vanadium solution. Hydrogen gas is passed into the solution such that tetravalent vanadium is reduced to trivalent vanadium.    USE - For redox battery.    ADVANTAGE - Manufacture of the electrolyte is easy. Industrial manufacture of the electrolyte is possible.
NOVELTY - The platinum supported catalyst comprising platinum on electroconductive carbon support is added with one or more of base metal, to form an alloy supported catalyst. Part of the base metal of the alloy supported catalyst is eluted and the catalyst is contacted with carbon monoxide and subjected to heat treatment in inert atmosphere.    USE - Electro-chemical reactions e.g. in fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The catalyst has excellent catalytic activity, durability and can be used for a long time in a fuel cell. Cost of the fuel cell is significantly reduced.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for catalyst.
NOVELTY - Pyran and thiopyran compounds (1) are new.    USE - The materials are useful for organic EL devices, electrophotographic photosensitive materials, photoelectric transfer devices, solar batteries and image sensors. The organic EL devices are useful for flat panel displays for wall TV sets, surface light sources for copying machines and printers, light sources for liquid crystal displays and measuring instruments, indication panels and marker lamps.    ADVANTAGE - The materials have excellent yellow-red luminescent ability and durability. The organic EL devices have high luminance and luminescent efficiency and excellent stability on repeated use (and thus a long life).    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Pyran and thiopyran compounds of formula (1) are new.    R1, R2 = monocyclic or condensed polycyclic group;    A = O or methylene of formula (2);    B = O or S; and    R3, R4 = H, cyano, halogen, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl (but not both H).    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for organic EL devices using the materials.
NOVELTY - A new photo-electric transducer comprises semiconductor fine particles sensitized with a dye having specific molecular configuration.    USE - For dye-sensitized solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The new photo-electric transducer has a higher sensitivity in visible to far infrared wavelength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A new photo-electric transducer comprises semiconductor fine particles sensitized with a dye having specific molecular configuration of formula (I);    M1, M2 = H, two hydrogen atoms, Si, P, Ge, Sb, or Bi;    Za, Zb = non-metal atom groups forming a ring with the four nitrogen atoms;    L1, L2 = mono-dentated ligand;    R1 - R4 = carboxy. sulphonic acid, hydroxyl, hydroxam acid, phosphoryl, or phosphonyl group;    a1, a2 = 0-8;    a3, a4 = 0-4;    b1, b2 = 0-2;    B1, B2 = bonding or bonding group;    c = 0 or 1;    W1 = counter ion
NOVELTY - The supply system comprises hydrogen reservoir which includes primary and secondary storage chambers (151,152) with hydrogen occlusion materials. The chamber (151) has high occlusion property material while the secondary chamber has higher release property material. When the amount of hydrogen is supplied to fuel cell (2) by the modifier is not sufficient, the demand is compensated by the chamber (152).    USE - For fuel cell used in power generation, electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of hydrogen storage chamber, ensures quick starting of fuel cell and reliable and stable running of fuel cell. Provision of hygrostat ensures reliable humidification and dehumidification of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - After performing dehumidification, hydrogen is stored in the primary storage chamber. Subsequently, release of hydrogen is carried out to secondary chamber. The hydrogen is humidified before releasing to secondary chamber (152). The hygrostats using hydrogen as fuel, perform humidification and dehumidification. One hygrostat is used where water content in hydrogen is less.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of hydrogen supply system.    Fuel cell (2)    Primary and secondary storage chambers (151,152)
NOVELTY - A modifier (3) generates hydrogen from alcohol and gasoline as raw material and supplies hydrogen to fuel cell (2) and a hydrogen reservoir (15). The hydrogen reservoir has two storage portions (151,152) installed with different hydrogen occlusion materials. When rate of hydrogen demand of the fuel cell exceeds rate of production of the modifier, the difference is supplied to the hydrogen reservoir.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Prevents wastage of hydrogen, since excess hydrogen produced is stored in the hydrogen reservoir. Maintains purity of hydrogen since gases other than hydrogen are not stored. Reduces cost by eliminating need for separate combustion device for release of hydrogen by utilizing services of the fuel cell.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The storage portion (151) has higher hydrogen occlusion rate and lower hydrogen release rate compared to the storage portion (152). When rate of hydrogen produced by the modifier exceeds demand of the fuel cell, the excess hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen reservoir. The storage portion (151) has two tanks (T1,T2) installed with the hydrogen occlusion material. The tanks supply excess demand of the fuel cell directly or through the storage portion (152) installed with its occlusion material. The occlusion materials release hydrogen by heating which is performed by the fuel cell which burns portion of hydrogen for heat release of hydrogen. The tank (T3) supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell during start of the fuel cell or when its demand of hydrogen becomes very high.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory diagram of hydrogen supply system.    Fuel cell (2)    Modifier (3)    Hydrogen reservoir (15)    Storage portions (151,152)    Tanks (T1-T3)
NOVELTY - Operating a fuel cell (10) having an anode passage comprises: collecting purged hydrogen from the anode passage (16); directing the hydrogen to a hydrogen storage media (30); and purging the media of hydrogen to enable additional hydrogen to be stored by the media.    USE - For operating fuel cell vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - Purged hydrogen is stored to a hydrogen trap at park or slow speed conditions and vented at higher speeds.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Process - After the collecting step and before the directing step, the process also comprises: directing hydrogen to a valve; and operating the valve to direct the hydrogen to the hydrogen storage media. A monitoring step can be applied to monitor the ambient conditions surrounding the fuel cell, which monitors the speed of a vehicle containing the fuel cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell with a hydrogen storage container.    fuel cell (10)    anode passage (16)    hydrogen storage media (30)
NOVELTY - Proton conducting polymer comprises a polyaniline.    USE - Solid polymer electrolyte membrane material for fuel cells e.g. direct methanol type fuel cell. The electrodes containing the polymers and fine catalyst particles on the porous particles are used as electrodes of fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - The electrolyte has excellent proton conductivity, methanol barrier property and dopant stability in aqueous solutions of methanol. The electrodes are high in catalyst activity.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (a) A method for producing the proton conducting polymer which comprises dissolving a polyaniline and an organic phosphoric acid compound in a common solvent and casting the resulting solution;    (b) A solid polymer electrolyte which comprises the proton conducting polymer; and    (c) An electrolyte which comprises the proton conducting polymer and fine catalyst particles carried on porous particles.
NOVELTY - Production of crystalline silicon thin layer solar cells comprises melting molten highly pure and high doped silicon waste in a crucible, pouring the melt into a mold and solidifying.    USE - Solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cost of producing the cell is reduced by using waste materials.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Additional dopants are preferably added to adjust the required conductivity type and the required high conductivity. The surface of the substrate is roughened using a mechanical or chemical-mechanical process.
NOVELTY - A PEM fuel cell has alternating membrane electrode units (10) and metallic bipolar plates (2) between two metallic end plates. The membrane electrode units have opposite polarity and have an electrolyte membrane (7) arranged between the electrodes, each electrode having a catalytic layer and a porous gas-permeable current collector layer. A porous gas-permeable intermediate layer (5) is located between one electrode and a bipolar plate and/or end plate and is fixed to the bipolar plate and/or end plate.    USE - Used as a PEM fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The cell has a long service life.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preferred Features: The intermediate layer comprises of a non-corroding or only weakly corroding material such as carbon fiber paper or carbon fiber fleece. The material contains chromium nitride, titanium nitride of titanium carbide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the fuel cell.    Bipolar plates (2)    Porous gas-permeable intermediate layer (5)    Electrolyte membrane (7)    Membrane electrode units (10)
NOVELTY - Alkali-free alumino-borosilicate glass contains (in wt.%) 58-65 SiO2, 6-11.5 B2O3, 14-25 Al2O3, 4-8 MgO, 0-8 CaO, 2.6-4 SrO, 0-0.5 BaO, 3 SrO + BaO and 0-2 ZnO. The glass has a thermal expansion coefficient alpha(20/300) of 2.8-3.8 x 10 power minus 6/K.    USE - Used as substrate glass in displays and in thin layer photovoltaics (claimed), especially in thin film transistor (TFT) displays and thin layer solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The glass has high temperature resistance.
NOVELTY - An autothermal reformer comprises a closed vessel (100) with insulation layer(s) (108) adjacent its interior surface; a fuel manifold (142) with mixer tubes (148); and an oxidant manifold (150) with injection tubes (146). An outlet end of an injection tube extends into an inlet end of a mixer tube, forming a gap between the outer wall of the injection tube and the inner wall of the mixer tube.    USE - For converting a fuel, e.g. diesel (claimed), into a reformate stream.    ADVANTAGE - The inventive autothermal is rugged and compact, and is capable of reforming difficult fuels. It has the ability to operate vertically or horizontally.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method of operating the above autothermal reformer.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure is a schematic illustration in cross-section of the inventive autothermal reformer.    Vessel (100)    Insulation layer (108)    Heat exchanger (120)    Fuel vaporizer (130)    Reactant mixer (140)    Fuel manifold (142)    Injection tubes (146)    Mixer tubes (148)    Oxidant manifold (150)    Reforming section (160)    Combustion and gasification catalyst bed (162)    Steam reforming catalyst bed (164)
NOVELTY - Used fuel cell (12) is immersed in water to extract phosphoric acid. The extracted phosphoric acid is neutralized with slaked lime and the neutralization level is evaluated in the processed waste water containing phosphoric acid (13) obtained from fuel cell.    USE - Processing waste water containing-phosphoric acid obtained from fuel cell for recovering phosphoric acid for use as electrolyte.    ADVANTAGE - The total phosphorus content in waste water is processed easily and economically by the process. The amount of waste water for discarding is reduced. The phosphoric acid can be efficiently neutralized within a short period of time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for phosphoric acid-containing waste water processing apparatus, for waste and water from phosphoric acid-type fuel cells.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows an explanatory drawing of the fuel cell waste-water (containing-phosphoric acid) processing apparatus.    Used fuel cell (12)    Phosphoric acid-extraction water (13)    Neutralization tank (21)    Supernatant (22)    Settled salt (23)
NOVELTY - The transparent electrically conductive film is obtained by forming film of indium-tin complex oxide (ITO) using steam and vapors of ITO, on IV group semiconductor generation layer (3) at a temperature below 150 degrees C without damaging semiconductor electricity generation layer. The transparent electrically conductive film has concavo-convex shaped surface.    USE - For solar cells.    ADVANTAGE - The film has high transmittance, low resistance and improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for manufacture of transparent electrically conductive film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the sectional structure of IV group semiconductor solar cell.    IV group semiconductor generation layer (3)    film of indium-tin complex oxide (4)
NOVELTY - A separator for a fuel battery consists of graphite grains, and at least one kind of non-carbonaceous resin selected from thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin. The graphite grain contains graphite coarse grain with at least an average grain size (D50%) 40 - 120 microns.    USE - Useful in a fuel battery (especially solid high molecule type fuel battery, PEFC).    ADVANTAGE - Conductivity, thermal conductivity, a machines strength, and size precision of a machine are high.
NOVELTY - A protective sheet (A) for solar battery modules, is a laminate (4) comprising a pair of weather resistant backing layers (1) with inorganic oxide film (2) formed by vapor deposition laminated through melt extruded adhesive resin layer (3).    USE - For solar battery modules.    ADVANTAGE - A protective sheet with excellent strength, weather resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, light resistance, chemical resistance, moisture-proof property, stain-repellent property and durability, is provided. Solar battery module is manufactured economically using the protective sheet which has excellent protection ability.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery modules using protective sheet.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of protective sheet for solar battery modules.    Weather resistant backing layers (1)    Inorganic oxide film (2)    Adhesive resin layer (3)    Laminate (4)    Protective sheet (A)
NOVELTY - A silicon layer (3) containing Ti, Ni, W, Mo, Cu, Ag, Al or its nitriding or silicide film is formed on a substrate by flux process. Silicon layer (4) having same conductivity as that of layer (3) containing polycrystal or fine crystals of silicon is formed on the layer (3) by catalyst CVD.    USE - For thin film solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Forming silicon layers by flux process and catalyst CVD process reduces interface state density between foundation substrate and active layer. Thus production of efficient and thin film of high characteristics is obtained.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for thin film semiconductor device.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the structure of thin film semiconductor device. (The drawing includes non-English language text.)    Silicon layers (3,4)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electricity generation system has fuel cell (7) equipped with thermally stable polymer film (12) containing phosphoric acid as proton conducting medium. Hydrogen is supplied to fuel cell which is then operated at 200 degrees C. A cooling unit (C) is provided for cooling the fuel cell immediately after shutdown.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell electricity generation system is capable of vehicle mounted use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electricity generation system. (The drawing includes non-English language text.)    fuel cell (7)    polymer film (12)    cooling unit (C)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electricity generation system (1) has fuel cell (7) equipped with thermally stable polymer film containing phosphoric acid as proton conducting medium and a PTC heater (H) for rising temperature of the fuel cell before operating it. Raw material fuels to be modified such as gasoline and alcohol containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen are supplied to fuel cell and fuel cell is operated at 200 degrees C.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell generating system is capable of vehicle mounted use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell electricity generating system. (Drawing includes non-English text).    Fuel cell electricity generation system (1)    Fuel cell (7)    PTC element (H)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell electricity generation system has fuel cell (7) equipped with thermally stable polymer film (12) containing phosphoric acid as proton conducting medium. Raw material fuels to be modified such as alcohol and gasoline continuing hydrogen and carbon-monoxide are supplied and cell is operated at 200 degrees C.    USE - For vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell electricity generation system is capable of vehicle mounted use.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of fuel cell electricity generation system.    Fuel cell (7)    Thermally stable polymer film (12)
NOVELTY - A flat soft backing member (11) (made of polyurethane resin) is fixed to a base plate (9) through an adhesive (10a). A substrate (workpiece) (1) is fixed to the base plate through an adhesive (10b). A through-hole (6) is formed on the desired processing part of substrate using sand blast process. The non-processed part of the substrate is covered with a mask material (8).    USE - The method is used for processing substrate such as jig used for assembling semiconductor, and for separator of fuel cells used for portable electric power unit of electric vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - During formation of through-hole by sand blast, the shock by injection pressure of bead with respect to substrate is absorbed and buffered by soft backing member. The generation of crack on the wall surface of hole by collision of bead, is prevented. Thus, the through-hole is formed with high precision in the substrate, without burr generation.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a processing method of the substrate.    Substrate (workpiece) (1)    Through-hole (6)    Mask material (8)    Base plate (9)    Adhesives (10a, 10b)    Flat soft backing member (11)
NOVELTY - The method involves masking the workpiece (1) except the base groove formation part. A flat soft backing member (16) fixed to base plate (14) using adhesive (15a) is bonded to the workpiece using adhesive (15b). Base grooves (4, 7) are formed on workpiece by sand blasting.    USE - The method is used for processing of flat workpiece such as jig used for assembly of substrate and semiconductor in a separator for fuel cells used in portable electric power unit or electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Fraction of defects is reduced. A fine groove is formed with high precision on flat workpiece.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows sectional view of flat workpiece processing.    Workpiece (1)    Base grooves (4, 7)    Base plate (14)    Adhesives (15a, 15b)    Flat soft backing member (16)
NOVELTY - The coating device has rollers (102, 202) which press the continuous thin film (108) while rotating. A liquid mixing and spraying device mixes desired coating material and liquid, and sprays the mixture on outer surface of the rollers. Heaters (106, 206) are provided to heat outer surface of rollers on which the mixture is sprayed.    USE - The device is used for applying liquid material to thin plate e.g. electrode used in solid polymeric type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Uniform coating is achieved and clogging and deformation are prevented, as heater is used to heat the surface or roller.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for liquid coating method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows cross-section of principal part of coating device.    Rollers (102, 202)    Heaters (106, 206)    Continuous thin film (108)
NOVELTY - A pair of transparent electrically conductive films (2) coated with platinum or carbon, are formed on transparent substrate (1). Metallic oxide film (4) is formed between films (2), through oxidation reduction electrolyte (3). A metal microparticle (7) is formed surrounding the metallic oxide microparticle (5) and pigment (6) is formed in the vicinity of metal microparticle.    USE - Pigment sensitization type solar battery.    ADVANTAGE - Absorbance of pigment is reinforced and photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery can be improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The metal microparticle is made of platinum, platinum alloy, palladium, palladium alloy.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the conceptual diagram of structure of pigment sensitization type solar battery.    Transparent substrate (1)    Transparent electrically conductive films (2)    Oxidation reduction electrolyte (3)    Metallic oxide film (4)    Metallic oxide microparticle (5)    Pigment (6)    Metal microparticle (7)
NOVELTY - The electric power unit vehicle has panels (17-19) mounted such that the position of the outer wall panels (12,14) are changed to face the solar light hitting direction. The electrical power generation device has fuel cell using hydrogen and oxygen generated by water electrolysis tank. The control apparatus supplies electricity generated by solar panels to at least the water electrolysis tank.    USE - Self-driving type vehicles used during calamities.    ADVANTAGE - The exhaust gas generated in electricity generation plant which causes bad smell, noise, etc., is prevented. The electric power unit vehicle moves to destination such as the calamity suffering ground under bad weather conditions. The light receiving surface of solar panel is protected from rain, wind, etc., by folding the outer panels. The panel mountings are provided with lift mechanism which raises outer wall panel, so as to use in even difficult places like narrow valleys. A space is formed between outer wall panels in vertical or horizontal direction. When wind passes through this space, outer wall panel is cooled, which prevents the temperature rise of solar panel. The electricity generation efficiency of solar panel is increased.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The vehicle has panel structure consisting of side panels (12,14) and top panel (13). The side panels are openable in the shape of a wing. The outer panel structure position is changeable to suit the direction of solar light.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevation, top view and side view of electric power unit vehicle.    Panels (12-14,17-19)
NOVELTY - The test device (200) has a manifold. A first block of electrolyte film-separator lamination of a fuel cell is so installed as to position the separator by a locator. A second block of lamination is fastened to the first block. A route in the manifold of the test device leads to gas passageway hole of the separator for supplying test fluid to at least one side of one of the blocks.    USE - For testing fuel cell lamination during process of manufacture.    ADVANTAGE - Improves production efficiency of a fuel cell by enabling leakage examination effectively.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows an explanatory view of test device for leakage examination of a fuel cell laminate.    Test device (200)
NOVELTY - The method involves fixing a detector (8) at the bottom of the evaporator to detect the temperature of the evaporation chamber. Liquid fuel supply to the evaporator is regulated based on the detected temperature and load demand for the fuel cell.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Since fuel supply is regulated based on temperature of evaporation chamber, collection of liquid fuel within the chamber is prevented.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Based on the detected temperature, liquid fuel supply to chamber is stopped. Supplement ignition is performed or stopped based on the detected temperature of combustion gas. Fuel supply to the evaporator is controlled to the normal level. At the time of reducing the liquid fuel supply, the output value of the cell is controlled corresponding to the fuel supply.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the transverse plane sectional view of liquid fuel evaporator.    Detector (8)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell system comprises mixing tank (16) for mixing liquid fuel and water, from which mixed fuel is supplied to reformer (12). A liquid fuel supply apparatus (18) and water supply apparatus (20) supplies liquid fuel and water respectively to mixing tank. A heat exchanger (22) for adjusting temperature difference of water and liquid fuel is installed between liquid fuel and water supply apparatuses.    USE - As fuel cell system for generating hydrogen gas.    ADVANTAGE - By providing heat exchanger for adjusting temperature difference of liquid fuel and water, and by mixing water and fuel at fixed ratio, unevenness in mixing ratio due to difference in temperature of water and liquid fuel, is eliminated.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A fuel cell system comprises fuel reformer which forms reformed gas containing hydrogen from mixed liquor of liquid fuel and water. The reformed gas is supplied to anode of fuel cell which opposes cathode, both positioned in an electrolyte. The liquid fuel and water are mixed in mixing tank and stored. The mixing tank supply mixed liquor to the fuel reformer. A liquid fuel supply apparatus and water supply apparatus supplies liquid fuel and water respectively into the mixing tank. A heat exchanger for adjusting temperature difference of water and liquid fuel is installed between liquid fuel and water supply apparatuses.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows schematic block diagram of fuel cell system.    Reformer (12)    Mixing tank (16)    Liquid fuel supply apparatus (18)    Water supply apparatus (20)    Heat exchanger (22)    Piping (62)
NOVELTY - The hydrogen supply system includes hydrogen reservoir consisting of a pair of hydrogen storage chambers (151,152), respectively performing occlusion of hydrogen and release of hydrogen. The chambers are respectively provided with hydrogen occlusion materials (MH1,MH2). The material (MH1) has higher occlusion property and material (MH2) has higher release property.    USE - For fuel cell used for power generation.    ADVANTAGE - Provision of hydrogen storage chamber ensures quick start of fuel cell and reliable and stable running of fuel cell. Provision of hygrostat ensures reliable humidification and dehumidification of hydrogen.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - After performing dehumidification, hydrogen is stored in left storage chamber (151). Subsequently, release of hydrogen is carried out to right chamber (152). When the amount of request hydrogen is not met by the modifier, the demand is compensated by the right chamber (152). The hydrogen is humidified before releasing to chamber (152). The hygrostats using hydrogen as fuel perform humidification and dehumidification. One hygrostat is used, where water content in hydrogen is less.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory view of the hydrogen supply system.    Hydrogen storage chambers (151,152)    Hydrogen occlusion materials (MH1,MH2)
NOVELTY - A photocatalyst consists of soot containing fullerene of formula Cn, where n is a integer to form a spherical geometrical carbon compound. The photocatalyst is used for decomposing organic compound containing hydrogen atom and an atom with lone pair of electron by photoirradiation.    USE - Used in fuel cell (claimed) for decomposing organic compound, e.g. methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid or acetic acid (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The organic compound is decomposed using photocatalyst under normal temperature.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (i) Photolysis; and (ii) Fuel cell which consists of laminate structure containing cathode, electrolyte and anode. The degradation of organic compound is performed by photoirradiating it in presence of photocatalyst. The hydrogen formed due to decomposition, is supplied to cathode.
NOVELTY - The pigment sensitized optoelectric transducer comprises pigment (4) adhered on surface of semiconductor which essentially comprises blue kite titanium oxide.    USE - As solar battery, photosensor, light receiving element.    ADVANTAGE - The optoelectric transducer has improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. As the semiconductor comprises essentially blue kite titanium oxide, optoelectric transducer is inexpensive.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional drawing of pigment sensitized optoelectric transducer.    Pigment (4)
NOVELTY - An ion-exchange membrane has ionic conductivity greater than layer which is positioned directly under at least one outer most layer on surface of a film. The film has three layers which contains at least one fluoropolymer having at least one functional group.    USE - In polymer type fuel cell, water electrolysis, salt electrolysis and in various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The ion-exchange membrane can reduce influence on gas production in electrolysis process and can reduce electrolysis cell voltage to a great extend. The membrane does not generate any physical defects on the film and film with low electrical resistance can be produced easily.
NOVELTY - A carbonaceous composite material is molded from a composite compound consisting of graphite, thermosetting resin, and fibrous base material (5). The fibrous base material is oriented in the composite material.    USE - For molding a carbonaceous material that is used in the production of a fuel cell separator and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process is efficient. The material is superior in strength and resistance, and immune to warpage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for    (A) a fuel cell separator (1) comprising grooves for gas supply and discharge on a side or both sides; and    (B) a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising unit cells, each consisting of a pair of electrodes holding an electrolytic membrane of solid high polymer and a pair of separators for holding the electrodes.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic sectional view of the fuel cell separator.    Fuel cell separator (1)    Fibrous base material (5)
NOVELTY - Process for treating semiconductors comprises depositing a material onto the semiconductor by low pressure CVD and passivating by introducing a hydrogen plasma induced away from a partially induced solar cell.    USE - In the production of a photovoltaic solar cell.    ADVANTAGE - The process is efficient.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for producing semiconductor products, especially solar cells, comprising a reaction chamber for processing the semiconductor products, and a plasma generator for passivating hydrogen.    Preferred Features: The semiconductor is a polycrystalline silicon wafer.
NOVELTY - Compound semiconductor solar cell comprises transparent substrate, transparent electrode layer consisting of impurity-containing metal oxide formed on the substrate, n-type compound semiconductor layer formed on the electrode layer, and p-type compound semiconductor layer formed on the n-type compound semiconductor layer.    USE - Solar cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The transparent electrode layer has a high impurity concentration toward the transparent substrate and a low impurity concentration toward the n-type compound semiconductor layer.
NOVELTY - An autothermal reforming reactor comprises an endothermic reaction zone for the reforming reaction; an exothermic reaction zone, in which energy for the reforming reaction is released; and a quenching zone connected to the reaction zones for quench cooling the reactor gas stream by adding a liquid.    USE - For operating fuel cells having polymer membranes by reforming liquid hydrocarbons such as gasoline or diesel.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature distribution is optimized.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Autothermal reforming reactor comprises an endothermic reaction zone for the reforming reaction; an exothermic reaction zone, in which energy for the reforming reaction is released; and a quenching zone connected to the reaction zones for quench cooling the reactor gas stream by adding a liquid. The endothermic reaction zone and the quench zone are separated by a gas permeable heat shield (HS) comprising a thermal insulation (IS) for insulating the endothermic reaction zone and the quench zone, and a temperature radiator (STR) which faces the endothermic reaction zone to radiate thermal energy absorbed by the reactor gas stream in a counter current flow.    Preferred Features: The heat shield consists of a vaporizer structure (VD) made of metal foam on a side facing the quenching zone. The exothermic reaction zone is connected to the endothermic reaction zone. The heat shield has flow channels (GK) whose walls are formed by the temperature radiator. The radiator is made of metal, ceramic or a metal-ceramic composite. The thermal insulation is made of ceramic.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-section through the heat shield.    Flow channels (GK)    Heat shield (HS)    Thermal insulation (IS)    Temperature radiator (STR)
NOVELTY - The cathode and anode comprise catalyst particles, hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte, a conductive porous substrate and a water repellent. The water repellency of the cathode and/or anode varies in the thickness direction or surface direction.    USE - The fuel cell is used in portable power sources, power sources for electrical vehicles and domestic co-generation systems etc.    ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell has high discharge characteristics, especially high current-voltage characteristics in a high current density region.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a unit cell formed by forming a cathode and an anode laminated at a position sandwiching the hydrogen conductive polymer film, forming a gas flow passage for supplying and exhausting fuel gas and oxidizing gas to the cathode and anode, and separating by pair of conductive separator plates.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a coating device for spray coating the porous substrates.    Vessel (1)    Pump (2)    Spray Nozzle (3)    Carbon Paper (4)    Frame (5)
NOVELTY - A solid oxide fuel cell having a closed end and an open end operates in a fuel cell generator where the fuel cell open end of each fuel cell contains a sleeve which extends beyond the open end of the fuel cell to prevent degradation of the interior air electrode of the fuel cell by fuel gas during operation of the generator.    USE - Open end protection for solid oxide fuel cells.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The sleeve contains metal oxide selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, Al2O3, NiO, SiO2. The sleeve extends beyond the open end of the fuel cell by at least one-half of the outside diameter of the fuel cell.    The high temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell generator comprises:    (1) housing device having a number of chambers including a fuel inlet chamber and a pre-heating chamber;    (2) a number of elongated fuel cells having an interior air electrode and an exterior fuel electrode, and an active length with a closed end positioned in the air pre-heating chamber, the open end subject to fuel gas entry during interrupted operation of the generator;    (3) device for flowing a gaseous oxidant through the fuel cells and into the air pre-heating chamber;    (4) device for passing a gaseous fuel about the fuel cells in the fuel inlet chamber.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Drawing shows cross-sectional view of sleeve.    feed tube (20)    fuel cells (40)    open ends (42)    sleeves (60, 64)    thinned interior portion (70)    bevel (72)    throat portion (76)    mounting portion (78)    inside sleeve (80)
NOVELTY - A single cell consisting of an electrolyte film pinched between a fuel electrode and an oxidizing agent electrode, is laminated on a separator board. Parallel fuel flow-paths and oxidizing agent flow-paths (33) are folded in a zig-zag pattern and provided on the board, between fuel and oxidizing agent supply and discharge ports, respectively.    USE - For use in electric vehicles, etc.    ADVANTAGE - Reduces deviation of in-plane temperature, and reaction distribution, reduces cell resistance and exhibits improved fuel cell performance.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of the oxidizing agent flow-path of the separator board. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Oxidizing agent flow-path (33)
NOVELTY - A base material protective layer is formed on the protective surface of a resin base material. A hard coating layer is formed on the base material protective layer.    USE - The ultraviolet ray-absorbing resin member is used for a window, roof skylight, day lighting material, noise isolation wall for expressway, surface protecting material for solar battery or polymer battery.    ADVANTAGE - The ultraviolet ray-absorbing resin member depresses discoloration caused by the ultraviolet ray in the resin base material, and has enhanced interlayer adhesion, surface hardness, scuff resistance and weather resistance.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The base material protective layer contains a copolymer containing a monomer having a reactive silyl group, and a monomer having an ultraviolet ray absorbing group as its monomer components.
NOVELTY - The weather-resistant colored film is formed by integrally laminating a weather-resistant transparent resin film (11) and colored ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin layer (12).    USE - For use in solar batteries installed on buildings and motor vehicles.    ADVANTAGE - The solar battery installed on buildings or motor vehicles, does not impair the look of installed places. The film is weather-resistant and provides colored solar batteries with improved design.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a solar cell.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows sectional drawing of weather-resistant colored film provided on solar cell. (The drawing includes non-English language text.)    weather-resistant transparent resin film (11)    resin layer (12)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell comprises a board (1) with fluid path (11) to supply fuel, air and coolant through the cell. The fluid paths are arranged in adjacent and opposite direction so that the inlet (12) and discharge port (13) are alternately fixed.    USE - As fuel cells.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature distribution of the fuel is made uniformly. Internal resistance of the battery and current density are uniformly distributed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational view of fluid path board.    Fluid path board (1)    Fluid path (11)    Inlet (12)    Discharge port (13)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell is equipped with circulation unit for coolant. The coolant route (10) facing the cell formed on a coolant route board (1), is divided into several areas (11-13). A coolant inlet (131) is formed on one end and a coolant discharge port (132) is formed on other end of each area of divided coolant route.    USE - For fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature pattern of the gradient differs in every area of the coolant route. Dryness of the fuel electrode and air pole are restrained.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the front elevational drawing of the coolant route board.    Coolant route board (1)    Coolant route (10)    Areas (11-13)    Coolant inlet (131)    Coolant discharge port (132)
NOVELTY - An ion exchange membrane consists of at least two layers, a first layer, and a second layer.    USE - The method produces the ion exchange membrane for use in a solid macromolecular fuel cell, water electrolysis, sodium chloride electrolysis, various sensors.    ADVANTAGE - The ion exchange membrane has high current efficiency, and superior low electrical resistance and strength.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The first layer consists of a polymer containing a repeating unit of formula (1). The second layer consists of a polymer containing a repeating unit of formula (2).    Y-(CF2)a-(CFRt)b-(CFRt')c-O-(CF(CF2X)-CF2-O)n-CF(-CF2)- (1)    -Y = -COOH, -CN, -COF, -COOR;    R = 1-10C alkyl;    a = integer of 0-6;    b = integer of 0-6;    c = 0 or 1;    a+b+c = not equal to 0;    n = integer of 1-6;    X = CI, Br, or F;    Rt, Rt' = 1-10C perfluoroalkyl, or substituent selected from fluorochloroalkyls.    -Y'-(CF2)a'-(CFRt'')b'-(CFRt''')c'-O-CF(-CF2)- (2)    -Y' = -COOH, -CN, -COF, -COOR;    R = 1-10C alkyl;    a' = integer of 0-6;    b' = integer of 0-6;    c' = 0 or 1;    a'+b'+c' = not equal to 0;    Rt'', Rt''' = 1-10C perfluoroalkyl, or substituent selected from fluorochloroalkyls.
NOVELTY - Transparent heat resistant substrate (3) with transparent electroconductive film (2) is configured on heat resistant source substrate (4) through spacer (5). Organic metal compound coating (having metallic bonds) present on substrate (4) is thermolyzed by heating to form metal sulfide film on the conductive film (2). Excess gas is eliminated from the spacer.    USE - Formation of metal sulfide film, especially cadmium sulfide or zinc sulfide films (claimed) used in solar batteries.    ADVANTAGE - The process inhibits adherence of excess gas to metal sulfide film. The quality of the sulfide film is improved.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solar battery which consists of cadmium telluride film in contact with metal sulfide film. An electrode is placed in contact with the cadmium telluride film.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the model figure of metal sulfide film manufacture.    Transparent electroconductive film (2)    Transparent heat-resistant substrate (3)    Heat-resistant source substrate (4)    Spacer (5)
NOVELTY - Fuel cell system (1) has reformer (4) to form hydrogen (H2) from alcohol and gasoline fuels, gas permselective membrane (9) to purify reformed H2, fuel cell (8) to which purified H2 is supplied and hydrogen reservoir (20) to store purified H2. H2 is released from hydrogen reservoir, during fuel cell start-up and when amount of H2 required by fuel cell exceeds amount of H2 formed by reformer.    USE - E.g. for electric vehicle.    ADVANTAGE - Reduction in number of components and weight of fuel cell system are attained. The structure of fuel cell system is simplified.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of fuel cell system for electricity generation. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Fuel cell system (1)    Reformer (4)    Fuel cell (8)    Gas permeable membrane (9)    Hydrogen reservoir (20)
NOVELTY - The cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell has catalyst (29) arranged in guide pipe (19) accommodated inside the cell tube (17) of battery chamber (11a). Methane (1) to be reformed and oxygen (4) are circulated into the catalyst configured tube at operating temperature.    USE - The fuel cell is used as a power source.    ADVANTAGE - As generation of carbon is inhibited, reduction in electricity generating efficiency of the battery is restrained. As the catalyst is configured in modification pipe, the system is compact and methane is reformed effectively.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The methane and oxygen are made to react electrochemically to generate electric power.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the schematic structural diagram of cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell. (Drawing includes non-English language text).    Methane (1)    Oxygen (4)    Battery chamber (11a)    Cell tube (17)    Guide pipe (19)    Catalyst (29)
NOVELTY - A fuel lateral electrode film (2) and an air lateral electrode film are formed on either sides of solid electrolyte film (1), to form a single cell. A joining material (8) intervened between collectors (5) and interconnectors (7), has composite material having LaCrO3 that is selected from one among Sr, Ca, Mg, Ti, Zr, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ba, Mo and Pb. The amount of NiO is increased gradually.    USE - For solid electrolyte type fuel cell stack.    ADVANTAGE - Electric contact resistances and bond strength can be made to increase.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for solid electrolyte type fuel cell stack joining method.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the explanatory drawing of fuel cell stack joining method.    Solid electrolyte film (1)    Fuel lateral electrode film (2)    Collectors (5)    Interconnectors (7)    Joining material (8)
NOVELTY - The fuel cell stack has unit cells (2) into which electrodes are arranged on both sides of solid polymer film. Cooling water is passed through a manifold (6) along the direction of lamination of unit cells. Pressure plates (3) are laminated alternately between the unit cells.    USE - For stacking solid polymeric type fuel cell.    ADVANTAGE - The heat generation by the cell reaction is prevented as pressure plates are provided in between the unit cells. The weight of the fuel cell stack is reduced and cost of separator for fuel cells is also reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows general view of the fuel cell stack.    Unit cell (2)    Pressure plate (3)    Manifold (6)
NOVELTY - The fuel modifier comprises the rectangular reformer plate (8) which carries out endothermic reaction and the rectangular catalyst combustion plates (7,9) which carry out exothermic reaction. Both the plates are laminated. The plate elements include manifold for air (11) and combustion gas (15) in the longitudinal side. The manifold for reformed gas and off gas (14) are provided in width side.    USE - For fuel cell of general electric power units.    ADVANTAGE - The provision of flat plate element ensures the effectiveness of the reformer and enables to adjust the rate of reformation.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Multiple tightening pillars penetrate through the plates. Dish springs surround the pillars. Cavity around pillars is used as gas manifold. Two or more sets of lamination plates are laminated. A heater heats alcohol and evaporator evaporates heat alcohol. A superheater which performs superheating of vapor, is laminated with the plate elements. The evaporator consists of good thermal conductivity material which has porous foam material. An oxidizer adds air to carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide. The air flow path which includes flow regulator, is provided in the plate.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the perspective diagram of fuel modifier.    Catalyst combustion plates (7,9)    Reformer plate (8)    Air (11)    Off gas (14)    Combustion gas (15)
NOVELTY - Vaporization gas from evaporator (1) is supplied to modifier (4). The modification gas is supplied to the evaporator through an injector, when the liquid fuel supplied to evaporator is evaporated to form vaporization gas, and the mixed gas is supplied to the modifier. The temperature of modification air mixed with the vaporization gas is programmed higher than that of the vaporization gas.    USE - In fuel cell system for electric vehicle which has modifier using mixed gas supply method.    ADVANTAGE - Temperature of the whole catalyst is stabilized and the composition of reformed gas is stable. Complicated control is not needed even when there is rapid load fluctuation. Mixed gas and air are uniformly mixed.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the block diagram of the fuel cell system.    Evaporator (1)    Modifier (4)
NOVELTY - A fuel cell laminate (2) and a manifold frame (1a) are joined through a pair of sealing units (6,7). The sealing units are made up of different types of non-vulcanized rubbers having different fluidity, when subjected to vulcanization reaction. The sealing unit having larger fluidity contacts the fuel cell laminate whereas the sealing unit having low fluidity contacts the frame.    USE - For sealing fuel cell manifold.    ADVANTAGE - Since sealing unit having larger fluidity is arranged close with cell laminate, filling of sealing unit in small gap between laminate and frame becomes easy. The sealing method is simplified by using non-vulcanized rubber, hence manufacturing cost of fuel cell is reduced.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the sectional view of fuel cell manifold.    Manifold frame (1a)    Fuel cell laminate (2)    Sealing units (6,7)
NOVELTY - A rare earth group AB5 type alloy that does not degrade in carbon monoxide at 150-350 degreesC is treated with a liquid content gas in the presence of fluorine or fluorine compound such that a part of B site is substituted by 0.1-1.5 atomic ratio of aluminum.    USE - For hydrogen content gas purification (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Degradation by carbon monoxide during purification is prevented. Occlusion of hydrogen, separation and refining can be carried out at high speed.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for hydrogen content gas purification method.
NOVELTY - The carbon monoxide (CO) removal device selectively oxidizes CO mixed with oxidizing gas for selective oxidation in introductory gas by catalytic reaction to carbon dioxide (CO2). The mixing path of oxidizing gas for selective oxidation is equipped with impurity removal unit (30) which removes the impurity component in the oxidizing gas.    USE - For fuel cell electricity generation system (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - Organic substances, such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, and impurities such as NOx and SOx are removed, thereby the adsorption of the organic substances or impurities is eliminated. The reduction of removal property of CO removal device is inhibited. The reformed gas with very low concentration of CO is supplied to fuel electrode. A fuel cell system with good electricity generation capacity is provided.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for fuel cell electricity generation system. Hydrogen rich reformed gas obtained by modification of raw material gas is supplied to fuel electrode. The system supplies oxidizing gas to oxygen pole and generates electricity by electrochemical reaction of reformed gas and oxidizing gas. CO contained in reformed gas is oxidized selectively to CO2 by mixing with oxidizing gas in the supply path of reformed gas.
NOVELTY - The fuel is supplied to the reforming portion of the reformer which contains several heat exchangers. The inlet and outlet of some heat exchangers are connected to the circulation unit. The circulation unit performs the circulation of gas and heat generated by the modification of the supplied fuel.    USE - For vehicles (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The amount of oxygen and hydrogen gas to be supplied to the heat exchanger is controlled effectively. The size of the fuel reformer is minimized and the efficiency of the heat exchanger is increased.
NOVELTY - The transformation catalyst tank (310) of a CO transformer (300) is heated with heat supplied from a combustion catalyst tank (330) during starting. The heat is supplied from the combustion catalyst tank through the buffer tank (320). Water is supplied to the buffer tank, and fuel for combustion and air are supplied to the catalyst tank (310) to heat catalyst tank.    USE - For converting carbon monoxide in reformed gas for power generation in fuel battery-based power generation system.    ADVANTAGE - Enables quick starting of CO transformer without reducing its life span. Reduces size of fuel battery system by avoiding influence of operating temperature of fuel battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the top view of fuel battery-based power generation system.    CO transformer (300)    Transformation catalyst tank (310)    Buffer tank (320)    Combustion catalyst tank (330)
NOVELTY - System comprises an electrolyte-based rechargeable battery for the storage means connected to a load withdrawing energy from the storage means, a charge means to charge captured energy into storage means and a capture means to provide electrical energy. The electrolyte comprises adenosine triphosphate.    USE - Independent and self-sustainable power generation and storage system    ADVANTAGE - Highly efficient with reduced manufacturing and shipping costs. Maximum solar electric conversion efficiencies.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the charging of energy in to the battery using a charger having a capacitor and a control circuit comprising charging the capacitor to a predetermined level during a 1st period, discharging the capacitor into the rechargeable battery in the form of least one pulse during a 2nd much shorter period and repeating until; the battery is sufficiently charged.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a reflector wing type solar panel.    Solar panel (1)    Right reflector wing (2)    Left reflector wing (3)    Frame (4)
NOVELTY - Removing contaminants from a coolant supply (126) of a fuel cell power plant (100) comprises flowing oxidant through the oxidant manifold (108), exhausting coolant from the electrically integrated assemblies of the plant and exposing exhausted coolant to the oxidant within the oxidant manifold.    USE - To remove contaminants from coolant while reducing overall size and complexity of the plant.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - AN INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for: a contaminant removal system which comprises:    (a) a coolant exit conduit to exhaust coolant from the fuel cell power plant;    (b) an oxidant delivery system to flow the oxidant through the oxidant manifold; and    (c) an oxidant delivery system to present the exhausted coolant to the oxidant manifold.    The exhausted coolant and the oxidant interact with one another within the oxidant manifold to effect contaminant removal form the coolant.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a simplified schematic diagram of a fuel cell power plant.    power plant (100)    oxidant manifold (108)    coolant supply (126)